Nuchal translucency (NT) is determined sonographically by an echo-free space located in the soft tissue dorsal to the cervical spine and occipital bone. It is always detectable in normal fetuses from about 9 weeks of gestational age and its thickness increases until 14 weeks, when it disappears. NT measurements above the 95th percentile for gestational age or greater than 3 mm are associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy (particularly Down syndrome) or fetal malformations (particularly cardiac defects)1. While specimens derived from abnormal pregnancies have been the subject of many publications2–6, no study has been carried out, as far as we know, to explain the appearance of normal NT. We therefore set out to identify the anatomical and histological structures possibly associated with the appearance of NT. Having obtained parental consent we studied a human fetus at 11 weeks of gestational age (crown–rump length (CRL) 48 mm); it was intact, since it had developed in an atretic uterine horn that was surgically removed. The karyotype of the fetus was normal. An ultrasonographic examination was performed prior to termination with real-time ultrasound equipment (HDI 3000, Advanced Technology Laboratories, Bothell, WA, USA). The fetal heart was beating. The NT was measured according to standard methods7 and was found to be normal (2 mm). Following termination, the fetus was preserved in formalin and it was then placed in a tank filled with a gel and another measurement of NT thickness was taken (1.8 mm). The ultrasound image was digitalized and analyzed as previously described8. A median sagittal section of the fetus was made, obtaining two symmetric halves, which were later reduced to their supradiaphragmatic portion. The right half was newly fixed in Serra liquid (95% alcohol, 40% formalin and one part acetic acid in the ratio 6 : 3 : 1). Then 200 sagittal serial sections (7–8-μm thickness) from the medial sagittal plane to the right shoulder of the fetus were made using a microtome. The sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined by light microscopy (LM). The correspondent left half of the supradiaphragmatic portion of the fetus was dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, dried by the critical point method using liquid CO2 in a Critical Point Dryer CPD 030 (Balzers Union, Fürstentum, Liechtenstein), mounted on 13-mm diameter stubs coated with double-sided adhesive carbon tabs (Agar Scientific, Stansted, UK) and gold-coated using a SEM Coating Unit PS3 (Agar Scientific). Samples were then analyzed using a Stereoscan 120 scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 20 KeV (Cambridge Instruments, Cambridge, UK). The comparison between the ultrasonographic image, its computerized analysis and the LM observations allowed us to identify the anatomical correlate of NT as a cavity with sharp outlines, located in the nuchal region, in the deeper layers of the subcutaneous tissue (Figures 1 and 2a). The cavity is not detectable in median and paramedian LM sections; it first appears at about 450 μm from the median sagittal plane. In successive lateral sections it increases both in length, i.e. craniocaudal diameter, and in thickness, i.e. ventro-dorsal diameter, reaching a maximum of 3 mm and 1 mm, respectively, at about 950 μm from the median sagittal plane. In further lateral sections, length and thickness of the cavity decrease and disappear at about 2 mm from the median sagittal plane. Therefore, on the frontal plane, the cavity is rhomboidal in shape. The lumen of the cavity appears empty, with no septa or cells (Figure 2b). The inner surface of its walls is lined by a single layer of flattened cells. The cavity is surrounded by loose subcutaneous mesenchymal tissue. Observations using SEM confirmed the findings obtained by LM: the cavity is located in the subcutaneous tissue and it is lined by a single layer of flattened cells showing characteristics of fenestrated endothelium, through which it is possible to see the subcutaneous mesenchymal tissue surrounding the cavity (Figure 3). Our findings indicate that the echo-free image of NT is likely to be determined by the presence of two anatomical cavities, each one rhomboidal in shape (flattened on the ventro-dorsal axis), symmetrically situated with respect


Preface. The Authors. 1. Forces for Change. 2. New Roles for HR. 3. Evaluating the Effectiveness of HR. 4. Design of the HR Function. 5. Exult. 6. BP. 7. Bank of America. 8. International Paper. 9. Prudential. 10. Lessons Learned. 11. Outsourcing and the Future of HR. Index.


In the Kahn examination of a serum we test for certain limits of physico-chemioal reactivity under given conditions. This reactivity is related to the state of the globulins iu the serum. The results of the test are stated as negative, or ^, that is, doubtfully positive, or iu the form of one, two, or three plus signs, indicating an extending limit of the reactivity. The intervals iu this scale do not necessarily correspond with equal measures of change in the state of the globulins. Moreover, the maximum reading of + + + -!-, like the minimum of 0 or negative, may indicate the passing of a limit in the scale as well as the attainment of a point on it. The change which, when of sufficient degree, provides us with a positive result to the Kahn test, is particularly characteristic of syphilitic sera ; but it, or changes indistinguishable by the standard test alone, may be observed occasionally in the absence of sy])liilis. The syphilitic change is interrelated with immunity and it develops at about the same time.


This study aims to evaluate, from production to shelf-life, the physico-chemical, sensorial, and microbiological characteristics of minas frescal cheese made with oregano essential oil. Three samples F1, F2, and F3 were prepared with different levels of essential oil concentration and evaluated using the hedonic scale for attributes such as color, flavor, texture, odor, and overall evaluation. The physico-chemical analysis included the determination of moisture, total fat, ash, protein, and carbohydrates which were evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). The samples were analysed for Staphylococcus coagulase positive, mesophilic, psychrotrophic, coliforms, and Salmonella at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Results for Staphylococcus coagulase positive, aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic, coliforms, and salmonella were found within the limits established by applicable Brazilian legislation. The sensory acceptance rates were satisfactory, being greater than 70 % at all concentrations, suggesting that the insertion of oregano essential oil cheese in the consumer market is feasible at the evaluated concentrations.


Cervical length assessment is just one of several powerful tools for detecting or excluding patients at risk for preterm birth. An expert tells how to assess and counsel a patient pregnant with triplets on her chances of carrying all three fetuses to at least 32 weeks.


Waste management is an essential component of urban management. As a waste solution, waste management is critical. The goal of this research is to develop a waste management database that is coupled with a mechatronic robot system. Compiling and gathering data on the sorts of garbage found in Indonesia is the starting point for this research. Indonesian waste is classified into six groups: cardboard, paper, metal, plastic, medical, and organic. The total images of the six groups are estimated at 1880 pictures. According to this picture database, Artificial Intelligence (AI) training was used to create the classification system. In the final AI process, the test method was performed using DenseNet121, DenseNet169, and DenseNet201. Testing using artificial intelligence DenseNet201 across 40 epochs yields the best 92,7% accuracy rate. Simultaneously with Artificial Intelligence testing, a mechatronic system is created as a direct implementation of the Artificial Intelligence output model. A four-servo arm robot with dc motor wheel mobility is included in the mechatronic system. According to these findings, the Indonesian waste database can be categorized correctly using Artificial Intelligence and the mechatronics system. This higher accuracy of the artificial intelligence model may be used to create a waste-sorting robot prototype.


The quantization procedure of the preceding paper is applied to study two generic topological quantum effects, viz. the charge quantization induced by (abelian) magnetic monopoles, and the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Prior to these applications, a general procedure is given for reducing unitary representations of a locally compact G which are induced by nontrivial unitary representations of H⊂G. This involves the use of spherical trace functions, and is useful in the determination of the eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian of the particle in a given superselection sector. Such Hamiltonians, implementing the time-evolution on the given abstract C*-algebra, are explicitly constructed and analyzed. The relevant quantum effects are found to be a consequence of the representation theory of the appropriate algebras of observables. In this way a group- and operator-theoretic elucidation of the mathematical structure of the given systems is attempted. This paper may be read independently of its predecessor.


As the offshore industry continues to progress developments in deep and ultra-deep water locations, in many large EPCI (Engineering, Procurement, construction and Installation) contracts the considered or preferred riser system solutions are steel catenary risers (SCRs) or lazy wave SCRs. Riser system engineering often requires the adoption of advanced procedures and methodologies in order to fit project schedule, more particularly to manage critical uncertainties and interfaces, facilitate long-lead procurement items and any qualification programs. To cope with the critical schedule and techno-economic constraints, the Saipem EPCI execution experience has necessitated the development of a fully integrated approach to riser technology and phased riser design procedure. The design procedure utilises early screening and principle of design margins, together with focused advanced design methodologies/tools to confirm key riser response when the design process is sufficiently mature. For the design of SCRs in particular, MCS' specialised analytical support and software development capabilities have proved an important contribution to the overall definition of the necessary advanced modelling techniques to be applied to the complex interaction of the SCR with the environment and boundaries. This paper presents a typical SCR design procedure as part of an EPCI project, highlights the integrated approach to general riser technology, details the advanced methodologies for the nonlinear analysis of the SCR behaviour, and briefly presents the Saipem look forward for future riser technology.


I n 1997, when ISTEA was in its final year, Representative Robert Borski (DPA) still conveyed the monumental nature of this law. ISTEA took a dictatorial system of transportation funding that sharply divided highway, transit and safety programs, and replaced it with something revolutionary. The architects behind ISTEA understood the links between traffic congestion, air pollution, urban sprawl, economic development and general quality of life. Stated simply, ISTEA required that policy makers consider all transportation options, gave citizens the opportunity to participate in the planning process, and allowed local agencies to be flexible in choosing where funds were to be spent. This was a radical departure from traditional transportation policy.


The article discusses cheating in U.S. business schools, which is said to be a widespread and growing problem. Business students cheat more than non-business students. Research into why cheating is so prevalent in business schools reveals a lack of perceived certainty of being caught and reported for cheating, a lack of perceived severity of penalties, a lack of understanding and acceptance of campus academic integrity policies, and a perception that peers are cheating. Perceived peer behavior may have the strongest influence. The influence of peer behavior on observer behavior is discussed in terms of social identity theory and social comparison theory.


An additive‐ and external oxidant‐free reaction of cyclopropanols, DABCO·(SO2)2 and diaryliodonium salts in aqueous phase is described. This reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions, affording bioactive aryl substituted γ‐keto sulfones in 36%‐90% yields with good functional group tolerance. This reaction proceeds through a γ‐keto sulfinate intermediate, which undergoes a nucleophilic reaction with diaryliodonium salts, giving rise to corresponding aryl substituted γ‐keto sulfones.


Poster: "ECR 2012 / C-0505 / Cesarean scar endometriosis: Clinical presentation and imaging features with a focus on MRI" by: "A. S. Dumitrescu, T. Herold; Berlin/DE"


The influence of pressure on the electronic structure of Os has attracted substantial attention recently due to reports on isostructural electronic transitions in this metal. Here, we theoretically investigate the Fermi surface of Os from ambient to high pressure, using density functional theory combined with dynamical mean field theory. We provide a detailed discussion of the calculated Fermi surface and its dependence on the level of theory used for the treatment of the electron–electron interactions. Although we confirm that Os can be classified as weakly correlated metal, the inclusion of local quantum fluctuations between 5 d electrons beyond the local density approximation explains the most recent experimental reports regarding the occurrence of electronic topological transitions in Os.


Partial discharge (PD) is a well-known indicator of an aging insulation system, so trending the PD activity is suggested as a tool to prevent insulation failures by targeted interventions. This paper presents a case study in which on-line PD measurements showed a significant increase over several years and triggered an investigation and repair plan. Off-line site tests confirmed the concerns and helped in locating and replacing the most vulnerable bars. Laboratory tests on the service-aged bars also provided valuable information about the root cause and insulation condition of the winding.


Marine and coastal areas contain some of the most productive natural systems of the planet, due to the great biodiversity that harbor. For human beings is this biodiversity which represent and is responsible of goods and services that the ocean offers and without which is impossible the way we live. Itþs because of it, that protection, conservation, and monitoring must be guaranteed for those marine and coastal areas, since it ensures our wellness. To make this possible, is priority first know the structure, that is sustained on the biodiversity that is housed there. The institutional and governmental plans for the protection of the Colombian Caribbean are looking for arise the knowledge about the biological diversity associated to the strategic marine and coastal ecosystems, more specifically those within the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Unfortunately, the biodiversity in matter of invertebrates is very unknown worldwide and in the case of Colombia the biologic inventories of this groups are precarious and incomplete. As an biological inventory, an illustrated guide for the identification of the marine invertebrates of Isla Fuerte was made, with the intention of contribute in the knowledge of the biodiversity in one of the ecoregions of the Colombian Caribbean. The guide include 136 records distributed in 6 phylum and organized in technical sheets by each organism with: Photography(s) of the organism, common name, taxonomic information, conservation status, participation in CITES, associated ecosystems(s), morphologic description, global distribution, habitat and bathymetric range.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we focus on the detection of the shape and location of a discontinuous source term from the knowledge of boundary measurements. We propose a non-iterative reconstruction algorithm based on the Kohn-Vogelius formulation and the topological sensitivity analysis method. The inverse source problem is formulated as a topology optimization one. A topological sensitivity analysis is derived from an energy-like cost function. The unknown shape of the term source support is reconstructed using a level-set curve of the topological gradient. The efficiency of our algorithm is illustrated by some numerical simulations.


A simple new technique predicts the high‐ and low‐frequency saturated velocities in anisotropic rocks entirely in terms of measurable dry rock properties without the need for idealized crack geometries. Measurements of dry velocity versus pressure and porosity versus pressure contain all of the necessary information for predicting the frequency‐dependent effects of fluid saturation. Furthermore, these measurements automatically incorporate all pore interaction, so there is no limitation to low crack density. The velocities are found to depend on five key interrelated variables: frequency, the distribution of compliant crack‐like porosity, the intrinsic or noncrack anisotropy, fluid viscosity and compressibility, and effective pressure. The sensitivity of velocities to saturation is generally greater at high frequencies than low frequencies. The magnitude of the differences from dry to saturated and from low frequency to high frequency is determined by the compliant or crack‐like porosity. Predictions of s...


This paper describes a robust three-dimensional (3D) surface reconstruction method that can automatically eliminate shadowing errors. For modeling shadowing effect, a new shadowing compensation model based on the angle distribution of backscattered electrons is introduced. Further, it is modified with respect to some practical factors. Moreover, the proposed iterative shadowing compensation method, which performs commutatively between the compensation of image intensities and the modification of the corresponding 3D surface, can effectively provide both an accurate 3D surface and compensated shadowless images after convergence. key words: scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface reconstruction, shadowing compensation, backscattering electron


The contribution of progenitor cells in the normal peripheral region of mouse lens epithelium to healing of a centrally located wound was studied using an autoradiographic technique designed to follow migrating 3H‐thymidine labeled cells. It was found that few progenitor cells labeled before or at the time of injury migrate toward the wound and hence contribute little to the repair of the wound. Moreover, the central injury did not delay or reverse the normal migration of the labeled peripheral cells in the opposite direction into the bow. It is concluded from this and other studies that a central injury to the mouse lens is healed mainly by numerous local cells which are stimulated for the most part to traverse one replicative cycle of normal duration, and that the injury does not affect formation of new lens fibers. These findings are thought to be related to the observed low incidence of traumatic cataract in the mouse.


Traffic estimation in real-time is able to help users to choose a better router timely, and also saves the travel time and energy consumption. Several methods have been investigated to estimate the traffic condition based on large amounts of trajectory data. However, these methods need to be maintained with tremendous overhead if the traffic varies frequently. We build a system Hite, a distributed stream processing platform for real-time traffic estimation. In Hite a histogram-based model is proposed to forecast the traffic condition and can be incremental updated in real-time. Experimental results demonstrate that the performance for traffic estimation by Hite is better than existing method ARIMA and ES methods.


An object of the present invention is to provide a process transmitter includes a manual generator. A process transmitter of the present invention senses a process variable, the circuit outputs based on the sensed process variable, and includes a manual power generator to provide power to provide a display output. .FIELD 1


The non-uniform wall conditions such as the fuel hydrogen retention and the erosion/deposition have been investigated in the Large Helical Device (LHD) by using toroidally and poloidally distributed material probes. They were installed in every experimental campaign from 2003 to 2010, and the evolutions of the wall conditions were clearly obtained. The wall conditions significantly depended on the operational procedures and the positions of in-vessel devices such as anodes for glow discharge and the ICRF antennas. The toroidal profiles for the amounts of retained hydrogen and helium, and the depth of wall erosion, were systematically measured. The hydrogen, helium and neon glow discharges have been conducted by using two anodes before and after the hydrogen or helium main discharges. The amount of retained hydrogen was large in the vicinity of the anodes, and drastically decreased as increase of the campaign number. This reduction well corresponds to the time period used for the hydrogen glow discharge conditioning. The erosion depth was large at the walls relatively close to the anodes, which is owing to the sputtering during the helium and neon glow discharges. The depositions of carbon and boron also depended on the positions of NBI and diborane gas inlet used for boronization, respectively. The amount of the retained helium was large at the walls close to the anodes owing to the helium glow discharge. The amount of retained helium became large at the walls close to the ICRF antennas owing to the implantation of high energy helium during the helium main discharge with the ICRF heating. In the present study, the toroidal dependences of the gas retention and the erosion/deposition in LHD were obtained, and the effects of the in-vessel devices on these plasma wall interactions were clarified.


When I was being taught medicine in the 1960s the bit I found most interesting was learning how medicine worked. Of course we were not formally taught the anthropology of the profession we were being groomed to join, but after a year away from it all - spent on VSO in a dusty, multi- tribed market town in the heart of West Africa - I returned feeling reasonably equipped to decipher the habits of the tribe for myself.

I made a curious and useful discovery: many of the doctors I observed then, certainly the vast majority of the most senior specimens, behaved quite often as though they …


Biology is more effectively learned and appreciated when students are not only exposed, but more importantly, engaged in activities done in unconventional class setting. This paper describes a teaching strategy that utilizes cetacean stranding events in the Philippines within an experiential learning model, where students are active role players in the stranding response procedure. By performing the proposed class activity, students are expected to: (1) know the general characteristics of cetaceans or marine mammals; (2) identify a cetacean stranding event when it occurs; (3) become equipped with skills needed to carry out a stranding response based on the role that will be assigned; (4) appreciate the activity as a contribution to animal conservation; and (5) understand the threats faced by animals in the wild. The appealing characteristic of stranding events as fieldwork activity lies on its unpredictability (being random events in nature) and urgency (the need to help a suffering animal). Such events provide the potential for students not only to help, but also the opportunity to learn about marine mammals and contribute to their database in the country. In the process, the class becomes a valuable source of local volunteers, a much needed resource for a country that is challenged by logistics, expertise, and economics when it comes to responding to stranded whales and dolphins – dead or alive. Likewise, the teachers become a pool of stranding response facilitators who have access to stranding networks and experts for guidance.


Due to several times of emigration in the history of Taiwan; different cultures in Taiwan were combined and transformed into unique culture with various kinds of aspect. Wood cut prints are also with unique development under the special background and changes of various culture. Base on personal interesting and devotion to local art; hoping Taiwan culture can be continued and become tradition by studying the "Local image" in wood cut prints.Lin Chih-Hsin's wood cut prints present strong emotion to local country. He chooses Taiwan country as his topic of creation. Taiwan image are most often present in his wood cut works.Awards and invitations from different countries contribute Taiwan culture plenty. "Celebrating of Matsu Festival" is one of the longest wood cut prints in the world and it took 20 years to finish. That's why the study topic focus on Lin Chih-Hsin's Wood cut prints.The study is trying to understand the content and form of Local Image in Taiwan modern wood cut prints. Also to assort and generalize local image style and topic in Lin Chih-Hsin's wood cut prints. Through the conclusion of study is providing some reference for teaching and creating on the local images topic.Lin Chih Hsin's work shows to people the strong power inside Taiwan people spirit. The works quantity is huge and present to people the beauty of Taiwan. His wood cut prints with artistry and academic value. Herewith suggest conserving any article and creation related with art work in good condition is very important to the new generation to know Taiwan Local culture.


The cypress weevil, Eudociminus mannerheimii (Boheman), is a native insect that breeds primarily in scarred, weakened, or fallen bald cypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] L.C. Rich) and pond cypress (T. ascendens Brongn.). In Florida, adult feeding has caused limited wounding and girdling of pond cypress stump sprouts and planted seedlings. Small diameter bald cypress nursery stock has also been damaged by larvae tunneling through the main stem and root collar. Apart from entries in species checklists and catalogs, published information about the cypress weevil is extremely limited (Hopkins 1904, Blatchley and Leng 1916, Baker and Bambara 1999).
Although the cypress weevil has not been a frequent pest of major economic importance, its occasional damage should be recognized, and the lack of information regarding its biology, potential hosts, and management, warrants further research.
This document is EENY-360 (IN645) (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular 415), one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Published: November 2005.
EENY-360/IN645: Cypress Weevil, Eudociminus mannerheimii (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (ufl.edu)


With the rapid development of electronic commerce, the logistics distribution system brings to the widespread attention. And the logistics distribution routing (LDR) optimization is playing the very important role as one of core technologies in the logistics distribution system. This paper proposed a novel hybrid stochastic searching algorithm to solve the LDR optimization design problem, the algorithm unified the ant colony optimization (ACO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm effectively, which uses the randomness, the rapidity and the global characteristics of PSO to obtain the initial pheromone distribution firstly, then uses the ACO advantages of the concurrency, the positive feedback and the higher solving precision to find the exact solution. The results of simulation experiment show that the hybrid algorithm has superior global seeking optimization ability and the rapid convergence rate. The method is quick and effective to optimize the LDR problem, and can obtain the optimal solution or approximate optimal solution.


To realize accurate positioning and recognition of human acupoints in medical treatment, the automatic human acupoints recognition system based on computer binocular vision technology is considered by us. We studied a camera calibration method by plane calibration lattice. To verify and accurately locate human acupoints in medical treatment, the method adopted the principle of binocular vision technology to collect different images of human body limbs to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of space, and the positioning errors of each marker point measured by binocular vision calculation and three-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument are compared. The results show that the system can assist medical personnel to complete the human acupoints recognition and positioning, and respond to the needs of the clinical application.


The synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition (SAR ATR) application based on the deep convolutional network often faces data scarcity. SAR image simulation based on electromagnetic and geometric calculations can provide a large amount of data that contains interpretable physical features, such as shadow and contour. However, there is a big difference between the simulated SAR image and the real image, and it is difficult to directly use it for data augmentation. This letter proposes the adversarial encoding network to extract the physical-related features, which can be understood as the common features between the simulated and real data. By designing the adversarial learning between an encoder and a discriminator, the encoder can extract real features from the simulated images. The encoded features are sent to a classifier to ensure the correct category information. A decoder is used to reconstruct the encoded features into the input image so that the encoded feature retains the image information as much as possible. Ablation experiments and comparative experiments are used to verify the ability of each module and the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed model can achieve 98.55% accuracy, especially when the real data are insufficient for classification, which verifies that the proposed method is effective for data augmentation.


Programming style plays an important role in program education for novice programmers. By obeying it, programs become readable and understandable. We aim at developing a support system for checking programming style. This system detects ill-formed patterns in a program and makes a diagnosis on programming style. This system has the following features; 1) We decided to use program patterns as description form of programming style, so it becomes easy to add the checking criteria, 2) This system can detect various patterns, for example, context dependent patterns and dispersed patterns extending two or more functions. It is difficult to detect these patterns by character based pattern matching. We checked that detection of various ill-formed patterns is possible through this system. We made experiments for detecting ill-formed patterns. As a result, we show that the system is effective for educational use. key words programming style, program pattern, program recognition, diagnosis


It is required to evaluate nondestructively the crack depth of surface-breaking cracks for the assurance of safety of structure. Optical generation of ultrasound produces well defined pulses with a repeatable frequency content, that are free of any mechanical resonances; they are broad band and are ideal for the measurement of attenuation and scattering over a wide frequency range. Self-calibrating surface signal transmission measurement is very sensitive and practical tool for surface-breaking crack depth. In this paper, the self-calibrating technique by laser-based ultrasound is used to evaluate the depth of surface-breaking crack of material. It is suggested that the relationship between the signal transmission and crack depth can be used as a practical model for predicting the surface-breaking crack depths from the signal transmission measured in structure.


Polarization microscopical and histochemical investigations were performed in 43 placentas of rabbits from the 10th to the 35th d of pregnancy at the maternal surface of the metabolic barrier of the placenta. The carboxyl groups of sialic acid and of proteins, sulphur containing amino acids of proteins and neutral carbohydrates were detected quantitatively and qualitatively by polarization optical and histochemical investigations. It is possible, that the increase of proteins in case of placenta insufficiency has diagnostic importancy.


A phase-field-like approach is introduced into the commercial general-purpose program FIDAP TM to calculate the melt-crystal interface for a quasi-stationary approach of the Czochralski growth. Temperature and flow field are solved using the segregated solver of the FIDAP TM software.


In recent issues of the Journal of Philosophy' John Dewey and Arthur Bentley have been making an attack on certain logical positivists and other logicians on the ground, of all things, that they display amazing contempt for clear and consistent definition of the terms they use. That logicians, whose business it is to define consistency, should themselves be inconsistent in the use of their basic terms is not really so surprising. It may merely prove them to be human, the victims of a simple failure to practice what they preach. If this were the case, the situation would not be so bad, for who better than a drunkard knows the evils of drink? And yet it is equally human to require preacher to be practitioner as well. So that the spankings which Bentley and Dewey are currently administering to Carnap, Cohen, Nagel, Ducasse, Lewis and Morris are quite in order. In fact in the case of the logical positivists they are long overdue. Carnap, particularly, has long outraged patience as well as common sense with rambling verbal analysis of the meaning of terms used in the exposition of logical positivism. We think, however, that the case of the Deweyites against the logical positivists is different from that which they have against Cohen and Nagel. We think moreover that the difference is a principled one and that the attack on the logical positivists must be generalized so that it will be seen to rest on the foundations of logical positivism itself. Cohen and Nagel were writing what they announced was an elementary text in logic and felt required to write in an "extraverted" manner-that is to enshrine tautologies in verbal saws, and to repeat for the sake of emphasis. Since extraverted pedagogy required that each repetition vary slightly for the sake of "variety of expression", definition becomes fuzzy patchwork, and the student gains an "impression" of the meaning of the concept involved. "Introverted" defining on the other hand is a once for all affair-the ideal of the symbolic logician. No such explanation can account for the logical positivist's predilection for verbal analysis. This habit results from his epistemological position. To the logical positivists investigation into the nature of logic, or as we should prefer to say, formal science, is quite independent of investigation into the nature of experimental science. They regard experimental science as dependent upon logical analysis but they fail altogether to show in what way logical analysis is dependent upon experiment. This means that for them logical analysis can proceed regardless of experiment, that its method is wholly non-experimental. The result is that the method of logical analysis becomes discursive, verbal, arbitrary, common-sensical, and scholastic. Experience determines the problems which logic analyses, but experience or experiment has no integral place in the analysis. The net result is the same as that which results from the split between


This present study analyses the vision of the members of the Society
of Jesus at the beginning of the 17th century in English pamphlets. With
the increase of anti-Spanish, anti-Catholic literature during the years of
the negotiations of the Spanish Match (roughly 1617-1624), the Jesuit
forms a figure in the literature of the time which shows how this body
was despised and feared by the Protestant population. Not least of the
reasons for this was that they were constantly linked to Spain, the King
of Spain, the Pope and the Catholic Church in general. Apart from the
characteristics conferred on them (eloquent murderers and tricksters who
possessed a willpower of iron), they are presented as trying to help the
King of Spain achieve a Universal Monarchy with the consequent spiritual
danger which would be incurred on the Protestant population of England
if the proposed match were to go ahead. In order to instil even great fear
for the Catholic religion the pamphleteers generally equated the terms
"Jesuit" and "Catholic". The propaganda produced effectively gave rise
to an image of the Jesuits which was to survive for many years (although
its origins are to be found in the previous century) and which served to
alienate and encourage animosity towards this body and its collaborators;
namely Spain, the King of Spain, the Spaniards, the Pope and the Catholic
Church.


Abstract The Eagle Plain is an intermontane basin occupying about 9,500 square miles in the northern Yukon Territory. Strata of every geologic period, except the Triassic, are present in the basin; carbonates dominate the Upper Cambrian to Middle Devonian succession, while clastics predominate in the younger rocks. Oil and gas in significant quantities have been discovered in five of the 19 wells drilled in the basin in rocks of Carboniferous and Permian age, gas recovery has been obtained in Lower Cretaceous strata, and promising reservoir rocks are present in Ordovician and Lower to Middle Devonian porous dolomite facies. Average thickness of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary column is about 3.6 miles for a total volume of about 34,400 cubic miles of sediments. As a petroleum province, discoverable oil-in-place is herein estimated at 1.9 billion barrels, and possible ultimate recoverable oil reserves at 570 million barrels; possible ultimate gas reserves are estimated at 2.4 trillion cubic feet. How much of these speculative resources will be actually discovered and proved into reserves is a function of future technology and economic factors.


This chapter examines how citizenship and selfhood were subtly recalibrated through conscription in Cold War Britain and uncovers details of the lives of young national servicemen in Korea. It begins with a discussion of military citizenship in the era of the Korean War, before turning to specific moments in national service life. Starting with recruitment (a recurring feature in most memoirs of national service), it explores the significance of masculinity, age, class and humour for the young men who were sent to Korea during their two years' service. Together with the previous chapter, it sets out again the importance of experience to the social history of the Korean War in Britain. It considers how opinions on national service further informed the British views of the Korean War and how, like Korea, national service fitted uneasily within the narratives of post-war British society and culture. Like Korea, was national service obligatory, unglamorous and potentially of limited overall purpose?


Cultural, linguistic, and economic exchanges between communities, including nations, are as old as civilization itself, but only recently did such exchanges receive an appropriate and universally recognized name: globalization. Naming the process caused a significant shift in how globalization came to be perceived, and it has become an important issue in political agendas, economic policies, and cultural aspirations. In other words, globalization helped shape and refine debates about global interconnections and interdependence, universality of human rights, and the importance of economic and social justice.


During 2004-2006, a survey conducted on mulberries aimed to select and characterize promising genotypes naturally grown in Northeastern district ofErzurum province. In the study, a total of 26 superior mulberry accessions were selected and pomological characteristics were investigated. Among the 26 superior selected genotypes, average fruit weight varied from 1.77 g (Oltu 18, Morus rubra) to 5.67 g (Oltu58, Morus nigra). Fruit length ranged from 20.22 mm (Oltu 18, Morus rubra) to 30.49 mm (Olur49, Morus alba) and fruit width from 11.64 mm (Oltu 18, Morus rubra) to 19.42 mm (Oltu58, Morus nigra). The lowest and highest juice ratio was recovered from 29.63% (Oltu58, Morus nigra) to 75.72% (Oltu32, Morus alba). Soluble solid content of accessions ranged from 15.3% (Oltu58, Morus nigra) to 22.0% (Oltu 13, Morus alba) with the average of 18.2%. Ascorbic acid content was between 11.2 (Oltu 18, Morus rubra) and 19.2 mg/100 ml (Olur1, Morus alba). The results showed that there were a high diversity on most pomological characteristics of mulberry accessions in this region and these genotypes are preserved for future breeding activities as parental material.


The purpose of the study was to determine study of academy achievement of government and non government primary school students in relation to reinforcement. The study employed a Mixed Methods design in which both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The study has targeted the students from public and private schools students of rural and urban area of the Allahabad district. Data was collected by using check-lists and interview schedules. Qualitative data was analyzed by using the thematic and content analysis such as Cronbach's Alpha. The study reported on the use of praise, tangible items such as games and money, social, activity and token one were also moderately often used by the teachers. These terms also used in both form of reinforcement such as positive and negative reinforcement. The participants also used both Continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement schedules. The purpose of this study was also to determine the effect of positive and negative reinforcement in the form of rewards on the achievement of primary students' end of the academic achievement. The study was conducted on 500 students of primary schools in Allahabad district. The researcher collected the students' grades for four weeks during which positive reinforcements in the form of rewards were not used and the grades for four weeks during which the students received positive reinforcements in the form of rewards ever time the student earned a grade of ninety-two or above. The eight week study showed significant improvement in the grades of the students when they received positive reinforcement in the form of rewards than when the same students did not receive rewards. The implications of the study is that positive reinforcement can be used to obtain desired result that a teacher, or parent seeks for a student to achieve; and that when used correctly, positive reinforcement is very effective. The study recommends that, schools should enhance reinforcement programs which have long term effect. Moreover, teachers should deepen their knowledge on reinforcement programs for academic success of students.


The Covid19 pandemic has overturned all human activities, including education and training activities. The transition from traditional learning to online learning during the Covid19 pandemic has been a must for all schools. This paper aims to describe how a Vietnamese secondary school has taken appropriate steps of preparation and transformation to adapt to the pandemic period and a new normal life in the teaching and learning activities of STEAM subjects. As subjects requiring mainly direct interaction between students and teachers, the Vietnamese secondary school has had good preparation and has made rapid improvements to ensure the continuous teaching and learning STEAM subjects on an online platform. Importantly, the school has applied the digital transformation appropriately to meet learning requirements for STEAM subjects in the new normal life.


In the liquid-phase synthesis of indole from aniline and ethylene glycol (EG), a CdBr2–KBr catalyst gave a high yield of indole. In recycling experiments using the catalyst in an autoclave, the yield of indole remained stable and the inorganic components of the catalysts did not suffer degeneration. The time course of the reaction under high pressure and high temperature was evaluated using a newly devised autoclave. The rate of formation of indole was determined to be proportional to the concentrations of both EG and the catalyst. Based on these findings for the reaction over CdBr2–3KBr, it is clear that this catalyst provides a simple and low-cost catalytic process for the formation of indole.


Freeze‐fracturing of face‐centred, cubically packed, intracellular crystals of fraction 1 protein result in two distinct fracture responses of the constituent particles, according to their orientation relative to the plane of fracture. If a square‐packed plane is revealed, fracture occurs either between particles or the particles plastically deform. Conversely, if a hexagonally‐packed plane is revealed, fracture occurs either between particles or cleanly at internal planes of the particles, without any plastic deformation. It is proposed that this information may be of value in determining the arrangement of the axes of the covalently bound polypeptide protomer chains which constitute the oligomer.


We demonstrate concepts and results of a field trial for a flexible-rate passive optical network (FLCS-PON), which delivers bitrates up to 100 Gbit/s and allows for adaptations in the transmission method to match the users' channel conditions and optimize throughput. FLCS-PON builds on top of the hardware ecosystem that will be developed for ITU-T 50 Gbit/s PON and employs three new ingredients: optical network unit (ONU) grouping, flexible modulation format, and flexible forward error correction (FEC) code rate. Together, these techniques take advantage of the optical distribution network (ODN) statistics to realize a system capable of more than twofold throughput increase compared to the upcoming 50 Gbit/s PON, but still able to support a full array of deployed fiber edge cases, which are problematic for legacy PONs. In this paper we explain the concepts behind enabling techniques of FLCS-PON. We then report on a field trial over a deployed fiber infrastructure, using a system consisting of one FLCS-PON OLT and two ONUs. We report both pre- and post-forward-error-correction (post-FEC) performance of our system, demonstrating achievable net bitrate over an operator's fiber infrastructure. We realize a downlink transmission at double the speed of ITU-T 50 Gbit/s PON for ONUs exhibiting lower optical path loss (OPL), while simultaneously continue to support ONUs at high OPLs. We additionally realize a record-high 31.5 dB loss budget for 100 Gbit/s transmission using a direct-detection ONU with an optical preamplifier.


Perovskite BaZrO3:Tm3+ submicron crystals are prepared from aqueous mixtures of Ba(NO3)2 and ZrCl2 as host precursors, TmCl3 as dopant, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, EtOH, and NaOH (autoclave, 100 °C, 24 h; annealing in air at 1000 °C, 3 h).


Paper prepared for the XIth Caribbean Congress, sponsored by
the Caribbean Institute and Study Center for Latin America (CISCLA)
of Inter American University, the Department of Languages and Literature of
the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, and
the International Association of Comparative Literature,
held in Rio Piedras March 3 and 5, in San German March 4, 1988


The influence of adding bee honey, royal jelly and pollen on the incubation time, smell, taste and texture of dairy drink, obtained by the fermentation of starter cultures such as Lac. Lactis, Str. Thermophilus, Lbm. Acidophilum, Lbm. Bulgaricum, kefir, combined (⅓ Str. Thermophilus, ⅓ Lbm. Acidophilum, ⅓ Lbm. Bulgaricum) was studied. The nature of influence of bee products on the yogurt microflora, including the third and sixth day of storage was studied.Increasing the viability of yogurt microorganisms was proportional to the concentration of honey, pollen and royal jelly to a certain level. Further, the reverse process was observed.Based on the preliminary results, a starter culture with which bee products are combined in the best way was defined. A possible dose of honey, royal jelly and bee pollen for the production of yoghurt with bee products was selected.


ABSTRACT Molyneux's Question (MQ) concerns whether a newly sighted man would recognize/distinguish a sphere and a cube by vision, assuming that he could previously do this by touch. We argue that MQ splits into questions about (a) shared representations of space in different perceptual systems, and about (b) shared ways of constructing higher-dimensional spatiotemporal features from information about lower-dimensional ones, most of the technical difficulty centring on (b). So understood, MQ resists any monolithic answer: everything depends on the constraints faced by particular perceptual systems in extracting features of higher dimensionality from those of lower dimentionality.


According to an embodiment of the present invention, a failure diagnostic method of a fuel cell stack comprises the steps of: applying alternating current (AC) to a fuel cell stack driven by standard direct current (DC); dividing and placing each unit cell of the fuel cell stack into a plurality of groups; forming a plurality of voltage measurement channels connecting voltage measurement circuits to each of the groups; and diagnosing the failure of the fuel cell stack by calculating total harmonic distortion (THD) regarding each voltage value measured via the frequency analysis where a microcomputer receives the measured voltage values from each of the voltage measuring circuits through the voltage measurement channels. [Reference numerals] (110) Stack; (120) Alternating current generating circuit; (131, 132, 133, 134) Voltage measuring circuit; (140) Microcomputer; (AA, BB) Stack current; (CC) Load current; (DD) Injection current


National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological University This paper reports the preliminary qualitative findings of the first-year phase from a two-year study, in which we aimed to investigate: 1) the preservice teachers' knowledge, attitudes and use of Information Technology (ICT) for classroom teaching and learning, and 2) their learning from reflection upon their use of ICT throughout their two-year initial preparation program. The major first-year findings showed that all the 14 participants demonstrated a gain in ICT knowledge and skills and register positive changes in their beliefs in and attitudes toward using ICT for classroom teaching and learning. Their use of ICT, however, varied greatly from using ICT as a presentation tool to support their instruction to engaging their students in using ICT to work on the authentic tasks. The participants' reflection reinforced their perceptions of using ICT for classroom teaching and learning. The recommendations for engaging preservice teachers in reflection are discussed. Keywords: preservice teachers, technology integration, reflection, pedagogical use ICT


An iterative phase synchronization algorithm for LDPC coded systems based on the modified Costas loops was proposed. In the modified Costas loop, the posterior probabilities from the LDPC iterative decoder were used to help update the error signal. In this algorithm, the iterative decoding and Costas loop based phase error recovery went together iteration after iteration. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can estimate blindly and effectively the carrier phase error, and is robust with some frequency offset.


Despite years of rich academic production of research on information systems success, companies are still struggling to achieve expected return from their internal IS implementations. Billions of euros are spent in projects, which too often fail to deliver the expected returns on investments (Nelson 2005). In the meantime, researchers have noticed that the game industry is able to tap into human psyche to get players to engage voluntarily with some unparalleled intensity and duration (Przybylski, Rigby, and Ryan 2010).
In this context there is growing interest on how organizations can learn from gaming to foster similar levels of interest, enjoyable experience and commitment in non-gaming Information Systems (Robson, Plangger, Kietzmann, McCarthy and Pitt 2015). Initially emerged in digital media industry before becoming an academic topic (Deterding, Dixon, Khaled, Nacke 2011), the concept and practice of Gamification consist in applying game elements to utilitarian applications. This paper examines how gamification of utilitarian information systems in B2B can contribute to achieve greater benefit from IS investment. More specifically, it aims to answer the following questions: how does Gamification impact utilitarian IS success? What roles do motivation levers play in that process? What are the design principles for effective gamification of utilitarian IS?
In order to respond to those research questions, we use a 2 cycles Canonical Action Research design to introduce gamification features in a customer relationship management software CRM utilized by an European Sales organization at Hewlett Packard Enterprise. This effort resulted in conceptualization and adjustment of a research model inspired from the Information Success Model (DeLone and McLean 2003), and Self Determination Theory (Deci and Ryan 1985). The model highlights 4 main situated motivational affordances of gamification and clarify inter relations between concepts, resulting in description of 7 design principles.


The disposition effect is a well-established phenomenon in the empirical and experimental financial literature. It leads to sell winners too early and to hold losers too long. In this paper, we show that the consciousness of the disposition effect by investors lead them to require a greater risk premium to invest in stocks (when compared to rational investors). We also analyze the role of the evaluation period for disposition investors. We show that the risk premium they require is a decreasing function of the delay between two evaluations of their portfolio. The influence of the evaluation period on the equity premium looks like the one induced by myopic loss aversion (Benartzi-Thaler [1995]), but the origin is different. Valuing more often a portfolio gives more occasions to sell winning stocks and then decreases the expected return. This point is analyzed by assuming that returns are driven by a Brownian motion and that investors evaluate their portfolio at regularly spaced dates.


In a recent work, Esmer et al. describe a simple method - Approximate Monotone Local Search - to obtain exponential approximation algorithms from existing parameterized exact algorithms, polynomial-time approximation algorithms and, more generally, parameterized approximation algorithms. In this work, we generalize those results to the weighted setting. More formally, we consider monotone subset minimization problems over a weighted universe of size $n$ (e.g., Vertex Cover, $d$-Hitting Set and Feedback Vertex Set). We consider a model where the algorithm is only given access to a subroutine that finds a solution of weight at most $\alpha \cdot W$ (and of arbitrary cardinality) in time $c^k \cdot n^{O(1)}$ where $W$ is the minimum weight of a solution of cardinality at most $k$. In the unweighted setting, Esmer et al. determine the smallest value $d$ for which a $\beta$-approximation algorithm running in time $d^n \cdot n^{O(1)}$ can be obtained in this model. We show that the same dependencies also hold in a weighted setting in this model: for every fixed $\varepsilon>0$ we obtain a $\beta$-approximation algorithm running in time $O\left((d+\varepsilon)^{n}\right)$, for the same $d$ as in the unweighted setting. Similarly, we also extend a $\beta$-approximate brute-force search (in a model which only provides access to a membership oracle) to the weighted setting. Using existing approximation algorithms and exact parameterized algorithms for weighted problems, we obtain the first exponential-time $\beta$-approximation algorithms that are better than brute force for a variety of problems including Weighted Vertex Cover, Weighted $d$-Hitting Set, Weighted Feedback Vertex Set and Weighted Multicut.


In transplantation, current standard immunosuppressive therapy protocols are generally highly effective in preventing acute rejection. However, long-term immunosuppressive treatment has substantial adverse effects and its efficacy in preventing chronic rejection is poor. The measurement of several markers had been proposed to assess the impact of immunosuppressants on the immune system of individual patients. Various approaches have been proposed for the pharmacodynamic monitoring of immunosuppressants: 1/ The evaluation of the activity of the specific target enzyme, such as calcineurin activity (CNa) for Cyclosporine A (CsA) and Tacrolimus (TRL), inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) for MMF; 2/ The evaluation of an intermediate step in the action mechanism: for instance, the measurement of IL-2 and IFN-? production in vitro whole blood for CsA and TRL, and DNA duplication for MMF; and 3/ The measurement of collateral markers modified by the presence of the immunosuppressant.
The hypothesis of this Thesis was: the measurement of the residual activity of the target enzyme, as pharmacodynamic parameter, could be a good marker of the impact of the immunosuppressive therapy achieve above the immune system.
The aims of this Thesis were: 1/ to establish pharmacodynamic parameters with the objective to identify the biological impact of low doses of CsA, TRL or MMF; 2/ To find pharmacodynamic parameters which reflect the action of all the drugs implies in the therapy. The populations evaluated were: stable renal transplanted patients and patients infected with the HIV virus treated with low doses of MMF. The mainly results obtained, were published: Clinical Chemistry, 2000;46:9;1376; Clinical Chemistry, 2003; 49:11;1891 and in Clinical Pharmacokinetics 2003, in press.
Briefly; the results showed that the measurement of CNa might be a good predictory parameter of the biological efficacy of the monotherapy with CsA or TRL, whereas the IL-2 production will be more useful to monitor combined therapies with calcineurin inhibitors and MMF. For MMF monotherapy, the CEM response, a new parameter described by our group, was more effective than the evaluation of IMPDH activity.
In our opinion pharmacodynamic parameters are needed to evaluate individual biological effect and to complement pharmacokinetics, especially in multidrug low toxicity immunosuppressive therapies. "


More than 3 million people born in France have settled abroad. On average they are more skilled than residents and belong to age groups which are principally net contributors to the budget. Is the international mobility of skilled labour increasing in France? Although statistical monitoring of the phenomenon is lacking, fears of brain drain need to be relativized: the net expatriation fl ows (departures less returns) has doubled over the last few years but emigration levels have remained well below those of our European neighbours. Moreover, net infl ows of skilled people born abroad more than off set emigration of people born in France. Finally, departures abroad are an aspect of France's infl uence and indirectly contribute to its intellectual and trade relations.


Based on actual practice,the ways for cultivating the independent management consciousness,enhancing comprehensive quality,tapping the potential of the technical school students are discussed in order to establish a relaxed environment for student(s all-around development.The concrete measures are as follows: waking up students(consciousness of self-confidence,self-love,self-pride and selfrespect;making students growing up in harshness through military training;cultivating the collective cooperation spirit of the students to improve the integer powder;building a democracy atmosphere to enhance students(appetency and create a warm family environment;fully developing the students(consciousness of self-discipline and making them learning self-disciplined;students to be selfdependent and grow up in sharing;conducting commitment policy to make students to be responsible;through self-evaluation encouragement to improve students(abilities.


In the past few decades, optical communication with high data rates up to Gb/s in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) has been extensively investigated. However, now a days researchers are highly focused on proposing/implementing localization algorithms for underwater optical wireless sensor networks (UOWSN) that are both fast in computation and cost efficient in terms of hardware design. In this paper we have used two different setups, one consisting of one led as a transmission node Tx. Where we exploit the effects of different angle on optical communication by implementing Lambert cosine law in a (UOWSN). The second setup is made of a led clutch which can communicate in 3600. Both setups are used to estimate the location of a sensor node Rx in (UOWSN). To complete the task of localization estimation, a multilateration algorithm based on Euclidean distance between the Tx and Rx nodes is used, where as Gauss–Newton method was used to find the minimum of the function.


The authors have analyzed the efficiency of a car brake, being equipped by either compositional or cast-iron shoes, with and without consideration of the under-car generator movement resistance.


We construct a category of quantum polynomial functors which deforms Friedlander and Suslin's category of strict polynomial functors. The main aim of this paper is to develop from first principles the basic structural properties of this category (duality, projective generators, braiding etc.) in analogy with classical strict polynomial functors. We then apply the work of Hashimoto and Hayashi in this context to construct quantum Schur/Weyl functors, and use this to provide new and easy derivations of quantum (GLm,GLn) duality, along with other results in quantum invariant theory.


This paper discusses the weighted eigenvalue problem that is the upper bound for the difference of consecutive eigenvalues λ n+1 and λ n, for n=1,2,..., to a calss of uniformly elliptic operators of higher orders. The upper bound of the difference λ n+1 -λ n depends on the first n-1 eigenvalues and the coefficients in equations, and is independent of the geometry of the domain. This work is a generalization of some previous studies.


Faye Y. Park[dagger]Abstract. As South Koreans divorce closer to the retirement age, the issue of whether retirement allowance should be divided upon divorce has become more prevalent. The applicable law in the division of the retirement allowance in a divorce is Article 8392 of the Civil Code. This article provides that property realized through the cooperation of both spouses shall be divided in divorce by agreement. The Korean courts have historically undervalued the contribution of spouses who provide housework by giving them less property in the division of acquired marital property. Retirement allowances pose problems because a spouse can contribute in acquiring them solely by providing housework, which is difficult to quantify. Furthermore, retirement allowances do not become realized property until the retired spouse receives the retirement allowance; thus the unemployed spouse may not receive a fair amount of property if they divorce before retirement. The Ministry of Justice proposed an amendment to Article 839-2 to include the language that property realized by cooperation shall be divided equally. Once the amendment comes into effect later this year, courts should divide the received retirement allowance equally, regardless of whether one or both parties were economic contributors. Courts, however, should retain the discretion to determine the amount of property each spouse receives to reflect different circumstances, such as the employed spouse's unreceived retirement allowances. Additional amendments to include property that will be realized in the near future are recommended.I. INTRODUCTIONThe divorce rate in South Korea1 for people under forty-five years of age is decreasing,2 but the divorce rate for those over forty-five is increasing.3 Furthermore, the average age of divorce is increasing; men divorce at the age of 45, and women at the age of 39.3.4 Overall, divorce at an older age, which Koreans refer to as hwang-hon5 divorce, is becoming more prevalent.6 With an increasing number of hwang-hon divorces occurring closer to the retirement age, a heated debate is emerging about the divisibility of retirement allowances.7 Disputes over retirement allowances are prevalent. This is because they are lump-sum payments employees receive upon termination of their service with the employer based on the length of their service and rate of pay at the time of termination.8 Unlike retirement pensions that a retiree receives every month, retirement allowances are one-time payments that make up for a large portion of property of the married couple at the time of divorce.Article 839-2 of the Korean Civil Code governs the division of all property upon divorce by agreement.9 The article provides that each spouse has a claim to property acquired during marriage through cooperation.10 Under this statute, the court has the broad discretion to determine what property is divisible and to determine the method of division, taking into consideration how the property was originally acquired.Application of Article 839-2 to retirement allowances raises many questions, particularly where only one spouse is employed while the other does mostly housework. The court must identify whether the houseworkproviding spouse "cooperated" in accumulating the property. Once the court determines that the spouse made a valuable contribution in accumulating the retirement allowance, however, the question still remains on whether unreceived retirement allowances should be part of the divisible property. Furthermore, the court must decide the most equitable division method of the retirement allowances by taking into account how much each spouse contributed to the property.One of the most illustrative case rulings on the issue of whether yetto-be received retirement allowances of employed spouses should be subject to division of property is the Korean Supreme Court11 decision 2002S36.12 In that case the Korean Supreme Court held that a spouse's future retirement allowance is not subject to division upon divorce. …


Multimodal travel information is expected to affect people's choices of travel modes. The objective of this research is to identify the impacts of travel information, specifically for travelers traveling between cities along Shanghai-Nanjing transport corridor in Yangtze River Delta. Firstly, data gleaned from a questionnaire survey, which investigated information preferences when travelling between cities along the ShanghaiNanjing high-speed railway, is statistically analyzed. The analysis explores correlations between travelers' attributes, typical travel modes and information requirements at different journey stages. Travelers' occupations and travel purposes turns out to be significantly relevant to traveler information. Secondly, a Multinominal Logit (MNL) model is established and calibrated by the multi-log logistic in SPSS. Thus the influence of travel information on travel-mode choices can be investigated with constraints of travelers' socio-economic attributes, travel attributes, and journey stages. Finally, the results show that travelers with various occupations and travel purposes have varying needs for multimodal travel information, and inter-city travel mode choices can be impacted by multimodal travel information at different levels. Keywords— transport corridor; inter-city travel; information service; travel mode; Multinominal Logit Model (MNL) Introduction


To explore the impact of different concentrations of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) on critical components of wear particle-mediated signaling pathways in inflammation and osteoclastogenesis, RAW264.7 cells were naturally divided into eight groups and analyzed by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, ELISA, RT-PCR and western blot after treatments. The results showed that three concentrations of LaCl3 had no influence on viability of RAW264.7 cells and down-regulated receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) instead of macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR). Additionally, 2.5 and 10 μmol/L LaCl3 could signifi- cantly inhibit gene and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, i.e., TNF-α and IL-1β) and NF-κB/p65, but 100 μmol/L LaCl3 did not exert an obvious inflammation-inhibiting effect, and even induced inflammation. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that LaCl3 was able to suppress wear particle-induced inflammation and activation of NF-κB in a certain range of concentrations in vitro and mainly decrease the expression of RANK, but not M-CSFR, all of which were generally recognized to play a pivotal role in osteoclastogenesis.


Abstract : A computer program designed to handle pulse propagation problems when the propagation channel is the earth-ionosphere waveguide, and intended for use in the elf/vlf bands, is presented. The program is intended for use with laterally homogeneous channels. Allowance is made for transmit and receive antennas of arbitrary elevation and orientation. Mode data as a function of frequency from a waveguide program are required inputs to the present program. The mode data are interpolated by using cubic splines, and the requisite integrals are treated numerically by means of the fast Fourier transform.


This paper investigates the electromagnetic scattering from open-ended waveguide structures. Both parallel-plate waveguides and cylindrical waveguides with various terminations, including a fan, are considered. We use method of moments (MoM), modal geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD), and modal aperture integration (AI) methods for the analysis. We use the time-domain response to obtain physical insight into the scattering process. We also compare some of our results with the RCS code Xpatch.


The loads and resulting stresses in the seal ring are calculated and compared to the allowables for the service from ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.


The paper makes a study of the effects of NaCl concentration(0,50,100,150,250,400 mmol·L-1)stress and temperature(15,20,25,30,35,40℃) on seed germination of Pharbitis purpurea(L.) Voigt.The results indicate that NaCl concentration below 50 mmol·L-1 has no effect on seed germination.But when NaCl concentration is over 100 mmol·L-1,the relative germinating percentage decreases significantly with the increasing concentration of NaCl,until 0.The salinity inhibition for seed germination is the greatest when NaCl concentration is 150 mmol·L-1.The optimal temperature for seed germination is 15~20 ℃,and when the temperature is over 25 ℃,the higher the temperature is,the lower the germinating percentage is,.No seeds germinate at over 35 ℃.


This research aims to establish interdependence between the internal and external motivations and professional burnout of the teachers of the secondary specialized educational college.


Nucleosomes are shown to be barriers for RNA Polymerase II elongation along DNA, and their entry site behaves as the major obstacle. In this work, based on recent available in vivo data, we introduce a mathematical model for RNA Polymerase II reads. Moreover, as an alternative way, we use Radial Basis Function Network to predict RNA Polymerase II reads. Results of our models are in good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, we introduce a random walk model which includes stalling, backtracking, and elongation phenomena. This model can predict and simulate the RNA Polymerase II trajectory on DNA, when it meets various nucleosomes.


The invention discloses a spalling permeability increasing method for rapid excavation of an underground seam gateway. The method is particularly suitable for advancing pre-pumping of a high-gas low-permeability seam gateway. A first spalling hole is constructed in the head-on geometric center position of the seam gateway, and second spalling holes are formed in the positions over, under, left and right the first spalling hole; third spalling holes are constructed in the positions over and under the second spalling holes horizontal to the first spalling hole, and exhausting and mining holes are constructed in the center points of the connecting lines of the first spalling hole and the third spalling holes; after drilling is finished, quick lime grout is injected into the third spalling holes in a crossing manner, and the spalling holes are control holes of one another; and through spalling pressure generated by the holes, net-shaped cracks are generated between the holes, so that the coal permeability is greatly improved, the gas exhausting and mining efficiency is improved, and the excavation speed of the seam gateway is improved; and the method is simple in technology, convenient to operate, wide in grout source, cheap and low in cost.


Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is sometimes associated with obesity and with elevated insulin levels. The type B insulin resistance syndrome is one of a class of diseases in which an autoantibody is formed against a cell surface receptor — in this case, autoantibodies to the insulin receptor. The authors of this case report describe regression of AN associated …


Context. Radiative hydrodynamic simulations of solar and stellar surface convection have become an important tool for exploring the structure and gas dynamics in the envelopes and atmospheres of late-type stars and for improving our understanding of the formation of stellar spectra. Aims. We quantitatively compare results from three-dimensional, radiative hydrodynamic simulations of convection near the solar surface generated with three numerical codes (CO 5 BOLD, MURaM, and Stagger) and different simulation setups in order to investigate the level of similarity and to cross-validate the simulations. Methods. For all three simulations, we considered the average stratifications of various quantities (temperature, pressure, flow velocity, etc.) on surfaces of constant geometrical or optical depth, as well as their temporal and spatial fluctuations. We also compared observables, such as the spatially resolved patterns of the emerging intensity and of the vertical velocity at the solar optical surface as well as the center-to-limb variation of the continuum intensity at various wavelengths. Results. The depth profiles of the thermodynamical quantities and of the convective velocities as well as their spatial fluctuations agree quite well. Slight deviations can be understood in terms of differences in box size, spatial resolution and in the treatment of non-gray radiative transfer between the simulations. Conclusions. The results give confidence in the reliability of the results from comprehensive radiative hydrodynamic simulations.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the short- and long-term prognosis following a first Q-wave or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.

DESIGN
Cohort study with a mean follow-up period of 5.1 +/- 4.9 years.

SETTING
Population-based.

PARTICIPANTS
Framingham (Mass) Heart Study subjects with an initial recognized myocardial infarction during a 17-year period were studied, including 227 men and 136 women with a mean age of 67.2 years. Seventy-seven percent of first infarctions were Q-wave infarctions and 23% were non-Q-wave infarctions.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Reinfarction and death from coronary heart disease.

RESULTS
During the follow-up period, subjects with non-Q-wave infarctions had a significantly higher rate of reinfarction than subjects in the Q-wave group (P = .02 for the entire follow-up). The 10-year reinfarction rates were 44.8% vs 27.4%. When analyzed separately by age and sex, differences in reinfarction rates were only noted in men and in those under the age of 65 years. There were no differences in coronary heart disease death rates based on Q-wave status, even when examined separately by age and sex. Multivariate analysis revealed a 1.8-fold higher risk of reinfarction in the non-Q-wave group (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 3.1), and also demonstrated that baseline hypertension was an independent risk factor for predicting reinfarction (relative risk, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 3.2). There were no differences in the rates of sudden death or all-cause mortality following the two types of myocardial infarction. Additionally, subjects with a first Q-wave infarction had a higher rate of subsequent congestive heart failure, while those with non-Q-wave infarctions had a significantly higher rate of coronary insufficiency (unstable angina with transient ST-T wave abnormalities).

CONCLUSIONS
These results confirm and extend findings from prior studies that have identified patients with first non-Q-wave myocardial infarctions as potentially unstable, with greater subsequent morbidity and similar mortality to their counterparts with Q-wave infarctions.


In this article,the author tells us how to do the training of aesthetics in Aerobics Lessons and how to cultivate students' correct aesthetics taste from the viewpoint of sports aesthetics education.And also introduces how to help students improve their capability of feeling, enjoying, and creating beauty. The author clarifies that the aesthetics educating should base on the theory of aesthetics,put "beauty" into teaching, which will deepen the education reform, push the quality-oriented education,improve students' moral, intellectual,physical and aesthetic education.


Global response of a bridge is dictated by soil-structure interaction considerations of the entire bridge-ground system. In order to capture the salient involved mechanisms, this study investigates numerically the longitudinal seismic performance of the entire bridge-ground system. For that purpose, two idealized three-dimensional finite element models are developed. As such, a realistic multi-layer soil profile is considered with interbedded liquefiable/non-liquefiable strata. Effect of the resulting liquefaction-induced ground deformation on the bridge-ground system is explored. Specific attention is drawn to the global deformation of the bridge structure as an integral entity due to lateral spreading effects in the vicinity of the abutments. The analysis techniques as well as the derived insights are of significance for general bridge-ground system configurations during liquefaction-induced ground deformation.


e12070 Background: GR expression is associated with a poor prognosis in estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) early stage breast cancer. Co-treatment with MIFE potentiates the effects of chemotherapy (ctx) in ER- breast cancer xenograft studies. Here we describe the results of a phase 1 dose-escalation study of MIFE+E, with an ongoing dose expansion cohort in pts with TNBC. Objectives: To determine the safety and tolerability of MIFE+E, the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of MIFE+E, and to characterize pharmacokinetics (PK) and clinical activity of MIFE+E in pts with GR+ TNBC. Methods: Eligibility: relapsed/refractory advanced solid tumors; up to 5 prior ctx regimens for advanced disease; ECOG PS 0-1; and adequate end-organ function. Design: 3 + 3 dose escalation scheme. After a 7 day lead-in of oral daily MIFE alone, MIFE was continued daily and E was given on days 1 and 8 of a 21 day cycle. Results: To date, 13 pts with metastatic breast cancer (5 have TNBC) have been treated with MIFE+E: 7 GR+ tumors, 3 GR-...


The present invention relates to an epoxy resin composition for LCD driving devices and, more particularly, an epoxy resin having at two glycidyl ether groups epoxy resin 10 and having 50 parts by weight, more than two glycidyl ether 5 to 50 wt. It relates to a unit, an acid anhydride of 4 to 60 parts by weight of a latent curing agent from 1 to 20 parts by weight of the epoxy resin composition for LCD driving element containing penetration auxiliary agent from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of adhesion promoter and 0.5 to 3 parts by weight. According to the present invention, the LCD drive element epoxy resin composition of the present invention can penetrate through the fine pores and has a sufficient coefficient of thermal expansion, the gap produced degree that can be formed when the injection less, chip-on film device port for can be used in the process, it is possible to improve the productivity and reliability of the chipon film products. LCD, the driving device, the epoxy, the film chipon


On January 23rd 2005, a strong earthquake with moment magnitude (Mw 6.3) hit the Palu City (Central Sulawesi area). The earthquake involved an area more than 800 km along the Palu Koro fault zone. In order to characterize the seismic ground motion of alluvium layers existing in the Palu City, eight sites of microtremor array measurements were performed. The shear wave velocity of the top layer is ≤ 300 m/s. Palu City had deposited on a thick alluvial layer in the coastal area. The subsurface geology also changes slowly from soft sedimentary layers in the coastal area to igneous intrusion and metamorphic rock in the mountains. Seismic strong ground motion was predicted based on the statistical Green's function method. Considering the damage produced by the 2005 Palu earthquake (Mw 6.3), we also estimated peak ground acceleration distribution at Palu City, with values ranging from 100 gal up to 500 gal on the PGA (peak ground acceleration) scale. Peak ground velocity becomes more than 0.3 m/s in some areas, which may likely lead to severe damage to buildings.


The importance of plasma electrolytes and pH levels in determining heart rate is not yet well grounded. Hemodynamic and biochemical data were collected during 8 purely diffusive hemodialysis, which allowed changes in extracellular fluid to be achieved without eliciting notable changes in the autonomic control of heart rate. A significant heart rate increase was obtained after potassium decrease and calcium and pH increase, with no significant variations in indices of autonomic activity. Model-based computer simulations were then used to separate the effects of each ionic species and pH on sinus node cell pacemaker activity. This analysis revealed that changes in physiological range of potassium, calcium, and pH could cause large heart rate variations from 60 to 90 bpm. Nonlinear heart rate dependence on potassium was also recognized. It was concluded that electrolyte and pH changes in physiological range have an important, complex, impact on the pacemaking rhythm independently of autonomic outflow.


Objective To investigate the effect of E-selectin A561C (S128R) polymorphism on blood pressure,cardiac structure and cardiac function in patients with essential hypertension. Methods Genotypes of 347 essential hypertension patients (163 males, 184 females, aged 46.08±12.49, BMI 26.13±3.14 kg/m~2) and 315 healthy individuals (male 93, female 222, age 42.21±14.67, BMI 25.66±3.19 kg/m~2) were typed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Take blood pressure and exam BG, TG, TC, LDL, HDL, UA, BUN of each individuals.UCG were measured for hypertension patients. Results Three genotypes (AA,AC,CC) were found. In EH group, the percentage of genotype AC-CC (6.92%)and allele C (4.76%) are significantly higher than in healthy group(3.17% and (2.22%)), P=0.029 and 0.013. Risk of hypertension for allele C is 2.197 times of that for allele A (OR=2.197, 95% CI:(1.164)-4.144). MAP and CDBP are greater in individuals with CC-AC genotypes (P=0.024 for MAP and P=0.049 for CDBP). LVM and LVMI are also greater (P=0.032 and 0.036)in this genotypes. Conclusion E-selectin A561C (S128R) polymorphism affect blood pressure, LVM and LVMI significantly.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of risedronate sodium in prevention or treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP).Methods 240 postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density(BMD) were randomly classified into two groups.120 cases in group A were treated by risedronate sodium 5 mg with calcium 0.5 g and vitamin D 200 IU daily,and 120 women in group B received the same treatment as that in group A except that placebo was given instead of risedronate sodium.Duration of the study was limited to 12 months.The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by BMD measurements at spine and hip at the 12th month of the treatment,as well as by the measurement of bone turnover marks.Results After 1 year treatment,BMD in the lumbar vertebrae and hip was significantly increased in group A compared to the baseline and that in group B.Bone turnover marks decreased significantly in group A,which did not in group B.Conclusion Risedronate sodium is effective and safe in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis without severe side effect.


This thesis reseach's title "Juridis Analysis Towards Act 28 Year 2002 about Building Constraction for Disable Customer for their Customer Protection in Hotel Service." This research's purpose is to find out how an Act protect the Disable Customer's needs in order to get hotel's service and how the act manage the Customers needs. Besides that, this research also to see how this Act applied in hotel to provide the accessibility for disable Customer for hotel's building constraction. Also, include the correct spatial to provide disable customer's accessibility in hotel's construction.This research using The juridical normative's method with the starting point the Act 28 Year 2002 which influence by the laws and regulation, or norms that already in the society. These law material support by the others field research to see how the implementation of this Act in the society. Since this research using norm that the society using, and supported by field research that have been done by the researcher, to see or observed the implementation of this Act in the society. In term of the methodology that being used of the reseacher the juridicial sociological, the other approach that being used is statute approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach.The result of this research are the regulation about accessibility for diasable customers already stated in National Constitution 1945, National Act No.24 Year 1997 about Disable and National Act No. 39 Year 1999 abaout Human Rights; also Surat Edaran Menteri Sosial RI Nomor: A/A-50/VI-04/MS; Surat Edaran Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara RI No. SE/09/M.PAN/3/2004;Surat Edaran Menteri Negara Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional RI No. 3064/M.PPN/05/2006 about Perencanaan Pembangunan yang Memberi Aksesibilitas bagi Penyandang Cacat, which mean building's master plan that give accessibility for disable customers. And for the technical procedure of the implementation for disable accessibility for public building, PU department provide Act 28 Year 2002 about Building Constraction and Peraturan Menteri No. 30/PRT/M/2006 about Technical Procedure for Facilities and Accessibility for Building and Environment. The implementation of Act 28 Year 2002 about the Building Construction to give protection towards the disable customer, especially for hotel building, which is not yet being fullfill by the hotel's management in their facilities focus on three (3) stars hotel's class. Almost all hotels ini Pontianak not provide the accessibility for disable customers, which mean those hotels not followed the Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2002about Building Construction, as this Act state that all the Building have to provide accessbility for disable and senior customers, so they got the same rights with the others. This Act also state, that the Act is to protect the equality of human beings in all aspects of life. It means that the accessibility, the hotels provide not only in physical aspect, but also in non physical aspects.These accesses not fully being provided by the hotel in Pontianak.Glossary: Building Construction, Disablity, Customers Protection, Accessibility3ABSTRAKPenelitian tesis dengan judul: "analisa yuridis terhadap undang-undang nomor 28 tahun 2002 tentang bangunan hubungannya dengan perlindungan bagi konsumen berkebutuhan khusus (disabilitas) di hotel (suatu tinjauan dari perspektif hukum perlindungan konsumen)" bertujuan tujuan untuk Untuk mengetahui pengaturan perlindungan konsumen berkebutuhan khusus dalam Undang-Undang No. 28 Tahun 2002 tentang Bangunan khususnya pada bangunan hotel.Untuk menganalisa penerapan Undang-Undang No. 28 Tahun 2002 dalam memberikan perlindungan bagi konsumen yang berkebutuhan khusus pada bangunan hotel.Untuk menganalisa pengaturan mengenai aksesibilitas tata ruang yang benar sehingga dapat melindungi konsumen yang berkebutuhan khusus pada bangunan hotel.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pertimbangan bahwa titik tolak penelitian ini adalah peraturan Perundang-undangan atau kaidah hukum (norm) yang berlaku. Di dukung dengan penelitian lapangan (field research) untuk melihat pelaksaan di hukum di dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Sehubungan dengan tipe penelitian yang digunakan yakni yuridis sosiologis, maka pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah pendekatan Perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach).Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut :Bahwa pengaturan tentang penyedian aksesibilitas bagi penyandang cacat dan lansia itu merupakan Komitmen Nasional, hal ini sudah tercantum pada Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, UU RI No. 4 tahun 1997 tentang Penyandang Cacat dan UU RI No. 39 Tahun 1999 tentang HAM; juga Surat Edaran Menteri Sosial RI Nomor: A/A-50/VI-04/MS; Surat Edaran Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara RI No. SE/09/M.PAN/3/2004;Surat Edaran Menteri Negara Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional RI No. 3064/M.PPN/05/2006 tentang Perencanaan Pembangunan yang Memberi Aksesibilitas bagi Penyandang Cacat. Dan untuk teknik pelaksanaan penyedian aksesibilitas bangunan umum, Departemen PU telah Mengeluarkan Undang – Undang No. 28 tentang Bangunan Gedung dan4Peraturan Menteri No. 30/PRT/M/2006 tentang Pedoman Teknis Fasilitas dan Aksesibilitas pada Bangunan dan Lingkungan.Bahwa Penerapan Undang-Undang No. 28 Tahun 2002 tentang Bangunan dalam memberikan perlindungan bagi konsumen yang berkebutuhan khusus pada bangunan hotel belum sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh pihak hotel terlebih untuk hotel yang memiliki fasilitas bintang 3 (tiga), hampir seluruh hotel yang terdapat di Kota Pontianak belum memiliki fasilitas khusus bagi penyandang disabilitas.Bahwa menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2002 tentang Bangunan, aksesibilitasadalahkemudahan yang disediakanbagisemua orang termasuk orang yang berkebutuhan khusus dan lansia guna mewujudkan kesamaan kesempatan dalam segala aspek kehidupan dan penghidupan.Dalam pengertian ini terkandung dua jenis aksesibilitas yaitu non fisik dan fisik. Akses ini belum sepenuhnya tersedia dalam bangunan gedung hotel yang ada di kota Pontianak.Kata Kunci : Bangunan, Disabilitas, Perlindungan Konsumen, Aksesibilitas


In this paper, we consider conformally symmetric generalized Riccirecurrent manifolds. We prove that such a manifold is a quasi-Einstein manifold and study its geometric properties. Also, we obtain several interesting results. Among others, the universal cover of this manifold splits geometrically as L1xNn−1, where L is a line, (Nn−1, gNn−1 ) is Einstein, φ = − 1 n r. Moreover, we demonstrate the applications of the conformally symmetric generalized Ricci-recurrent spacetime with non-zero constant scalar curvature in the theory of general relativity.


Abstract Tourism‐led redevelopment often provides city residents with increased opportunities for employment, leisure, and cultural enrichment, but it can also have dramatic and unpredictable effects on their lives. One of these effects involves the repercussions of redevelopment that transforms working‐class neighborhoods into middle‐ or upper‐class areas catering to tourists. We use the city of New Orleans as a case study to explore the connections between tourism and gentrification. We first discuss the growth of tourism in New Orleans, paying particular attention to its geographic scope. We then consider the ways in which gentrification and tourism are connected in New Orleans and what their relationship adds to theories of tourism development and urban revitalization. The analysis concludes with an in‐depth look at one of the nation's oldest black neighborhoods, Tremé, where both tourism and the nonblack population have been increasing in recent years.


Food waste is considered a social, environmental and economic problem. Concerns are based, amongst other things, on the environmental damage produced by the food supply chain (FSC) and the substantial amount of food that is wasted.This work reviews the relationship between food waste and the environmental burden of food, aiming to improve our understanding of food waste and its environmental consequences in order to find the most effective solution to reduce environmental burdens of food provision.In this thesis, food waste is defined as any product that was intended for human ingestion but for any reason this was not the case.The topic is studied from three perspectives, utilising multiple methods including input-output and process-base life cycle assessment techniques. First, the available methods to account for the environmental burden of food waste at a country level have been explored. Then, the issues regarding methods to characterise food waste on a broader scale were studied. Lastly, the environmental implications of an alternative food supply chain have been analysed.To characterise environmental burden of food waste at a country level, environmentally-extended input-output analysis has been proposed as the most suitable method available. The proposed technique has been applied to Australia, results show that food waste generated in Australia in 2008 embodied 9% of total water use in Australia and 6% of Australia's GHG emissions. Most of the water embodied in products was added to the footprint at the farm stage, while GHG emissions are added at different stages with the most significant being farm level and end-of-life emissions. In terms of socio-economic indicators, Australia's food waste embodied 1% of surplus and also 1% of compensation to employees, which are mostly embodied at the later stages of the food supply chain.Regarding the methods to characterise food waste on a broader scale (country or region) it is identified that when available approaches are applied to Australia, these techniques produced substantially different results. Several data inconsistencies and substantial data gaps to adequately characterise food waste at a country level are identified. To accurately characterise food waste at a country level, this thesis proposes the use of a flexible framework with a mass balance as its primary method, which allows combining multiple and possible conflicting data sources.The assessment of the environmental implications of an alternative food supply chain, working through a "box scheme" is explored through a comparison with a conventional food supply chain. The exercise first estimated the amount of food waste generated for six horticultural products and then compared each supply chains environmental performance using a process-based life cycle assessment technique. Results show that the supermarket supply chain produces significantly more food waste than the alternative food supply chain studied for the horticultural products considered.Food waste is a significant driver for the environmental impact of food provision. By reducing food waste, the environmental impact can also be lowered. The reduction of food waste achieved by the alternative supply chain studied has environmental benefits. For the supply chain analysed, food waste is a more significant contributor to a product's GHG emissions and water use compared with altering transport, packaging and energy for packaging and storage. This means that from an environmental point of view, benefits of scale, regarding transport and storage, achieved by a supermarket, are not as important as reducing food waste.This work has improved our understanding of the relationship between environmental burden of food supply and food waste. It has also proposed methods to estimate food waste at a broader scale and to estimate food waste environmental burden. It highlights the significance of reducing food waste as a tool to reduce environmental issues of food provision and the importance of considering socio-economic aspects when planning for solutions on food waste.


By the method of literature study,the paper explores the shaping function of sport on national spirit from the three levels of national spirit and discusses the 3 limits for the sport shaping of national spirit and the prevention mechanism so as to improve the national cohesion and the harmony of the society.


In order to study effects of Chinese herbal extracts on growth performance,biochemical indicator and egg quality in commercial layer,seven hundred and twenty 55-week-old Hyline chicks were chosed to be randomly divided into four groups,each group included 6 replications and each involved 30 chicks.One control group chicks were fed with basical diet,three testing groups chicks were fed with basical diet including 0.015% oxytetracycline,0.1% Chinese herbal extracts and 0.2% Chinese herbal extracts,respectively.Compared to control group,feed/egg ration decreated 2.84%(P 0.05) and 2.56%(P 0.05),in testing group Ⅱ and Ⅲ,respectively.On aspects of egg quality,cholesterol content of eggs layed by testing group Ⅱand Ⅲ cut down 14.12%(P 0.01) and 17.23%(P 0.01),protein content was raised 11.03%(P 0.05)and 14.07%(P 0.05),respectively.All results indicated that the diet with 0.1% Chinese herbal extracts was the best.