ABSTRACT Decorticated ramie fiber (Variety R-1449) was degummed using different systems, namely, individual alkali, mix alkali, enzyme, mix enzyme, and peracetic acid to the optimal level of residual gum content. Further, the optimal degummed samples of various systems have been characterized through IR analysis, DSC thermographs, scanning electron microscopes, tensile properties etc. The chemical constituents of degummed samples of various systems at optimal level along with untreated decorticated ramie fiber have been determined and compared. Study suggests the use of new eco-friendly peracetic acid is best degumming method for decorticated ramie followed by synergetic effect of alkalis.


Vegetative propagation through stem cuttings is the most vital method to reproduce plants and conserve their innate desirable characters. Sixty uniform hardwood cuttings with the same number of nodes of 1 cm diameter were used to test the influence of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) after 12 and 24 hours of soaking on induction, growth of adventitious roots and establishment of Bougainvillea peruviana cv. Shubra. Rooting percentage and quality were greatly improved using IBA at 500 ppm. The treatment of 500 ppm IBA achieved the highest rooting percentage (55.6% after 12 hours and 59.4% after 24 hours of treatment), more number of roots per cutting (20.5 and 19.8 at 12 and 24 hours, respectively), higher root length per cutting (46.6 and 49.2 cm), the highest bud break percentage with an increase of 69.5% compared to the control and achieved the highest number of shoots per cutting (2.8), higher number of leaves per cuttings (49 after 12 hours of soaking and 40 after 24 hours of soaking), higher fresh and dry weight of roots per cutting. Also, IBA at 500 ppm treatment showed the highest establishment percentage (68.3 and 53.3% establishment after 12 and 24 hours of treatment time, respectively). At 12 hours soaking time, IBA at 500 ppm and 300 ppm resulted in longer branches (129.2 and 121.3 mm). The treatment of IBA at 500 ppm is recommended for effective hardwood cutting rooting of Shubra white shrub. Time of soaking (12 - 24 h) effect was not consistent and was different among individual treatments.


Lester Jones (LJ) bypass tube is commonly used for the treatment of epiphora where there is significant canalicular stenosis impeding successful outcome of dacrocystorhynostomy surgery alone. The recommended placement angle for the tube is 30-40 degrees from midline passing through glabella/nasal bridge, but so far there is no literature supporting this value. Our aim is to study the ideal placement angle of LJ tube in Thiel-embalmed human cadavers.


Nearly every electronic journal's web site offers a "Search" function for its users in addition to supplying tables of contents and full-text access to articles. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the search features on five chemistry journal publishers' web sites to which Purdue University has full-text access. We compared the search interface, search capabilities, and the output and display. We found that although the "Search" functions on all of the five web sites are not as powerful as those of commercial databases, they offer an efficient way for the users to perform a citation or bibliographic search.


We study the static stellar equilibrium configurations ofuncharged and charged spheres composed by a relativistic polytropic fluid, and compare with those of spheres composed by a non-relativistic polytropic fluid, the later case already being studied in a previous work [J. D. Arba\~nil, P. S. Lemos, V. T. Zanchin, Phys. Rev. D \textbf{88}, 084023 (2013)]. In the relativistic fluid case, a relativistic polytropic equation of state, $p=\omega\delta^{\gamma}$, is assumedd. Here, $\delta=\rho-p/(\gamma-1)$, with $\delta$ and $\rho$ being the rest mass density and the energy density, respectively, and $\omega$ and $\gamma$ are respectively the polytropic constant and the polytropic exponent. We assume that the charge density $\rho_e$ is proportional to the energy density $\rho$, $\rho_e = \alpha\, \rho$, with $\alpha$ being a constant such that $0\leq |\alpha|\leq 1$. Some properties of the charged spheres such as mass, total electric charge, radius, redshift, and the speed of sound are analyzed. The dependence of such properties with the polytropic exponent is also investigated. In addition, some limits that arise in general relativity, such as the Chandrasekhar limit, the Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit, the Buchdahl bound and the Buchdahl-Andr\'easson bound, i.e., the Buchdahl bound for the electric case, are studied. As in a charged non-relativistic polytropic sphere, the charged relativistic polytropic sphere with $\gamma\to\infty$ and $\alpha \to 1$ saturates the Buchdahl-Andr\'easson bound, thus indicating that it reaches the quasiblack hole configuration. We show by means of numerical analysis that, as expected, the major differences between the two cases appear in the high energy density region.


The paper presents the results of research on the significant increase in the speed of solving the problems of the dynamics of discrete mechanical systems of an arbitrary form with arbitrary links by a special system of computer algebra (SSCA) KiDyM. In particular, an algorithm for determining the parameters of the additional rotation of the central coordinate systems (CS) of solid bodies in the presence of a non-diagonal inertia tensor to transform them into the main central SCs, in which Euler's equations have the simplest form, is implemented. The main central moments of inertia of the body are determined. A simpler description of SC transformations of robot links with open kinematic chains is proposed. It consists in a separate description of the positions of the SC of the links and the positions of the center of mass and the central SC in relation to the SC of the link. This approach leads to localized description of the kinematics of the mechanism and complete information about the inertial parameters of the link, such as mass, inertia tensor, position of the central SC. The possibility of errors in model descriptions is thereby reduced. On the example of the model of the lower limbs of an human like robot, the gain in the number of machine operations of this description is shown. The use of the software-generated DLL procedure for saving the mathematical model of the system is analyzed in detail. If necessary, it is loaded from an external medium (disk) into the computer's memory during numerical integration. For this purpose, a special procedure has been created in SSCA KiDyM, which transforms the internal representation of analytical expressions of the computer algebra system into program code in C++, calls the appropriate compiler, which creates and saves the DLL-procedure on the disk. In the numerical integration block, the system can load it and calculate the right-hand sides of the Cauchy form of the dynamic equations by the Runge-Kutta procedure. The time gain of this integration method compared to direct calculations of formula trees in PC memory for various tasks is shown. The time gain increases with the increase in the complexity of the mechanical system. A criterion for automatically switching such an algorithm depending on the amount of C++ code in the DLL procedure is proposed.


Absorption and emission cross sections are measured for the 2F5/2 → 2F7/2 transition in Yb3+ ions in silica fibres doped with Al2O3 and P2O5. The measurements were performed by methods based on spectroscopic data and by more direct methods based on laser-transition saturation. Possible lasing ranges of ytterbium-doped double-clad fibre lasers are calculated from the measured spectral dependences of stimulated transition cross sections.


Note from the Editor:

When we walk around a sculpture, it can speak to us in many ways, sometimes quite differently from various view points. Central to Tetsuo Nozoe and the Nozoe Autograph Book project are novel aromatic compounds. Just look at nearly any page and such compounds jump out at us. We can categorize them in many ways. Their structures. Their physical properties. Their pharmacological and toxicological properties. Their commercial utilities. Their symmetry. Their size. In this essay, Graham Bodwell brings to us his analysis of the various ways in which some of the most remarkable of these compounds have been ingeniously synthesized. We are privileged to have Bodwell's vision and his sense of organization and beauty. Tetsuo Nozoe would have beamed!

—Jeffrey I. Seeman

Guest Editor

University of Richmond

Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA

E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


We determined the single particle relaxation time τs and the classical transport scattering time τt out of Shubnikov‐de Haas (SdH) measurements at a GaAs‐AlGaAs‐GaAs double heterostructure consisting of a normal and an inverted interface. As a result we find that even in inverted heterostructures the classical scattering time τt is an order of magnitude larger than the single particle relaxation time τs. From a comparison with theoretical calculations including scattering from remote impurities, interface charges, and interface roughness, we conclude that the mobility in inverted heterostructures at low temperatures is dominated by Coulomb scattering from remote dopants and interface charges in the barrier, rather than interface roughness scattering. Nevertheless, the mobility of the inverted interface turns out to be significantly lower than that of a normal interface.


The way Australians derived their understandings about federalism and assimilated these ideas for their own purposes when drafting the Australian Constitution is described. A number of leading Australian writings with a view to explaining how federalism had come to be understood in Australia at the end of the nineteenth century are examined.


High Level Synthesis (HLS) provides automatic flows for the generation of hardware accelerators starting from their behavioral description. HLS guarantees results comparable to hand-written design for some applications domains such as Digital Signal Processing. However, it is not yet able to cope with performance requirements when scaling the application complexity. One of the biggest limitation is an execution paradigm still based on the construction of a centralized Finite State Machine (FSM). Parallelism exploitation is thus bound to Instruction Level Parallelism within a single execution flow. This is in contrast to the current trends for hardware architectures and programming languages, which are progressively moving towards execution paradigms dominated other type of parallelisms, such as Task or Thread Level Parallelism. This work proposes a novel adaptive accelerator design, not based on the FSM execution paradigm, which provides support to dynamic parallel execution. Execution is parallel, because no pre-computed scheduled is considered. Operations are directly managed by dedicated lightweight hardware modules, which directly communicate to notify execution completion and to start other dependent operations. Execution is parallel, because several execution flows may run concurrently. The proposed design targets different application domains, from Embedded Systems accelerators to hybrid high-performance architectures.


The paper describes algorithms for equilibrium and steady-state problems with coefficients in the expansions derived by the Galerkin weighted residual method and calculated from the resulting sets of nonlinear algebraic equations by the Newton-Raphson method. Initial approximations are obtained from nearby solutions by continuation techniques as parameters are varied. The Newton-Raphson technique is preferred because the Jacobian of the solution is useful for continuation, for analyzing the stability of solutions, for detecting bifurcation of solution families, and for computing asymptotic estimates of the effects on any solution of small changes in parameters, boundary conditions, and boundary shape.


We realize a stable single source infinite impulse response microwave photonic filter with GHz level free spectral range based on a coherence managed multi-longitudinal-mode erbium doped fiber laser by controlling the filter bandwidth and cavity length.


A metabolite formed during the metabolism of 17beta-estradiol by hydroxylation of the carbon at position 2 by the CYP450 enzymes 1A1/1A2. Theoretically, 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2) is able to undergo redox cycling, which generates active radicals and induces DNA damage; however, this estradiol metabolite is very unstable in vivo and is quickly inactivated by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)-mediated O-methylation and converted to 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeE2). 2-MeE2 exerts antineoplastic activities through its estrogen receptor antagonistic effect and the induction of apoptosis in susceptible cancer cells.


Increasingly, urban boosters are promoting the ways artist and activist networks transform public streets into spaces of conviviality, play, and community building through creative interventions. However, such actions frequently undermine the very communities they say they are trying to support. Using the case of Pedestrian Sundays in Kensington Market, Toronto, we explore the role played by local artists and activists in contributing to local gentrification dynamics, and how their actions reflect broader socio-economic inequities in the city and beyond. Despite community activists' wish to challenge homogenized and corporatized urban redevelopment, and to build vibrant and engaged communities, the activists often unintentionally reinforce values that promote and benefit some members of the community at the expense and exclusion of working-class, immigrant, and racialized others.


This paper on Rockbridge Country was written by a student taking an archaeology class at Washington and Lee University was written by a student taking an archaeology class at Washington and Lee University.


The Problem Authentic leadership (AL) focuses on enhancing the capabilities and capacities of leaders. Instead of focusing on the leader, this article considers the ethical challenges of fostering authenticity among employees. One such challenge is that marginalized groups may feel unable to be true to their values, a key premise of authentic leadership. To foster workplaces where marginalized groups feel able to be true to themselves, we must consider the cultural and structural barriers that can negatively affect people's ability to express themselves in the workplace. Hence, when considering the merits of AL, it is important for human resource development (HRD) professionals to consider what occurs when employees do not fit institutional norms. The Solution Creating the conditions for a relational authentic approach to AL that allows authentic otherness to flourish is an important and complex ethical task, one that HRD scholars and practitioners are uniquely placed to encourage. The Stakeholders HRD scholars and practitioners interested in creating the conditions that encourage the flourishing of authentic otherness among employees.


'Difficile d'écrire sur soi ou sur ses écrits' are the first words of a 2003 monograph that Michel Butor published about himself in Seghers's collection 'Poètes d'aujourd'hui'. This series, like other collections of illustrated monographs, builds the writer's image through a combination of different types of discourse and several actors. Butor's volume on his own work tends to blur such distinctions and to challenge the collection's model, not only because of the intervention of the writer, but also because of Butor's interest in the processes through which his image is crafted. This paper examines a series of six monographs published on Michel Butor between 1964 and 2009, firstly, in order to shed light on the way the image of a high profile writer is carved in collections of illustrated monographs, and, secondly, to reach a better understanding of Michel Butor's relation to critical discourse and to his own image.


Objective:To Observe the curative effect of Xiaoqinglong Decoction addition and subtraction on children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Method:Choose 72 RSV-infected infants suffering from Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia,taking the simple random method to divide into two groups.Two groups (36 cases per group) were both given Conventional treatment while treating group was given Xiaoqinglong Decoction additionally. Results:In treating group 8 cases were Markedly effective,26 cases were effective and 2 cases were of no avail,the total effective rate was 94.4%;in control group which were respectively6,19,11,69.4% in proper order。The total effective rate of two groups show significant deviation(P0.05). There was no obvious side effects in treating group. Conclusion:The curative effect of Xiaoqinglong Decoction addition and subtraction on children with respiratory syncytial virus infection was comparatively safe and precise. And which could really shorten course of disease and improve clinical cure rate.


Introduction Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of back pain, affecting quality of life. Current treatments are limited to salvage surgical operations. Biological treatments to relieve symptoms or restore disc are not available as we know little about the biology of disc degeneration and its potential to repair/regeneration. While most people will develop disc degeneration with aging, there are individuals who are protected even at old age, suggesting the presence of protective genes. Progenitor cells within the IVD are thought to play important roles in disc homeostasis. A hypothesis is that genetic factors can confer a protection against disc degeneration via better maintenance of endogenous progenitor cells. There exist strains of "healer" mice (LG/J, MRL/MpJ) with superior repair potential of cartilaginous tissues. We propose to study the maintenance of the IVD tissues in healer mice and assess potential relationship to progenitor cells, extracellular matrix and inflammatory response changes, to degeneration and repair/regeneration processes. Materials and Methods "Healer" (MRL/MpJ) and "poor healer" (C57/BL6C) mice were used in this study. Histological comparison of tail disc was assessed from 8 to 24 weeks of age. Different NP cell populations and ECM markers were assessed using immunohistochemistry with specific cell markers. Tail-looping at 8-week of age for a fixed period was used as an environmental perturbation that will induce degeneration. Unlooping the tail after certain period of looping can assess repair processes with appropriate controls. Results A comparison of MRL and C57 mice showed neither observable histological differences, nor signs of degenerative processes from 8-week to 24-week of age. Following tail looping for 4, 5, 6 and 8 weeks, there were significant distortion of the annulus fibrosus (AF) and NP at the compressed side, in terms of NP cell loss, AF tears and ruptures, and cell death in the AF. After the tails were unlooped for 4 weeks or 8 weeks, there were restorations of NP and AF structures in both strains of mice. However, superior repairing was seen in MRL mice at all time-points studied, in which the disc structure restored better via continuous expansion of NP region, cell repopulation and lamellae orientation recovered in the compressed AF sides with a clear NP-AF boundary. In C57 mice, the AF lamellae structure remained disorganized following unlooping. NP cell population analysis including Tie2, GD2, Sox9 and T showed different expression pattern in MRL and C57, from which showed that GD2 positive cells may be the functioning NP cell in disc maintenance. Besides, MRL maintained better Col I, Col II and aggrecan content during the repair processes. Interestingly, lower IL-1β was found in the "healer" mice, which suggested less inflammatory response may contribute to a better disc recovery after injury. Conclusion By comparing the genetically different "healer" and "poor healer" mice, we showed a population of novel marked NP progentiors that may play important roles in the maintaining and repair/regenerative of IVD. The better repairing features in the "healer" mice are associated with better functional cell population maintenance and less inflammatory response. Acknowledgment The project is supported by AOSPINE (SRN 2012_8), China's National Strategic Basic Research Program ("973") Grant 2014CB942901 and Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (T12–708/12N)


Spiral architecture photonic crystals have been fabricated in a negative-tone photoresist SU-8 by direct laser writing. These photonic crystals are self-supporting and highly-periodic, and exhibit photonic attenuation in the range of 1.7 to 5.0 µm..


In order to define an efficient method for sampling the rice root aphid (Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale) it was conducted an experiment in a flooded rice field (cultivar 'Avaxi') located in Santa Vitoria do Palmar, in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Standard samples of soil and roots including the aerial part of one rice plant were removed in the top of levees in the depth of 5cm using a sampler formed by a tube of rigid PVC (15cm x 5cm in diameter). The standard samples were submerged and shaken quickly in a plastic beaker with a capacity of 750mL containing 500mL of water to fully loose the soil from the roots. Soon after the supernatants aphids were counted. After this initial count all materials (soil and plant debris) remaining inside the cup and the roots of the plants were re-examined thoroughly to check the efficiency of the method. Data were grouped into frequency classes and subjected to Kruskal-Wallis analysis and descriptive statistics. It was concluded that the method is feasible for the sampling of the root aphid in rice plants being promising to monitoring this insect in commercial rice fields


The ATLAS and CMS collaborations have observed independently at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) a new Higgs-like particle with a mass $M_h \sim$ 125 GeV and properties similar to that predicted by the Standard Model (SM). Although the measurements indicate that this Higgs-like boson is compatible with the SM hypothesis, however due to large uncertainties in some of the Higgs detection channels, one still has the possibility of testing this object as being a candidate for some Beyond the SM (BSM) physics scenarios, for example, the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), in the CP-conserving version (CPC-MSSM). In this paper, we evaluate the modifications of these CPC-MSSM results when CP-violating (CPV) phases are turned on explicitly, leading to the CP-violating MSSM (CPV-MSSM). We investigate the role of the CPV phases in (some of) the soft Supersymmetry (SUSY) terms on both the mass of the lightest Higgs boson $h_1$, and the rates for the processes $gg \rightarrow h_1 \rightarrow \gamma \gamma$, $gg \rightarrow h_1 \rightarrow ZZ^*\rightarrow 4l$, $gg \rightarrow h_1 \rightarrow WW^*\rightarrow l \nu l \nu$, $pp \rightarrow V h_1 \rightarrow V b\bar b$ and $pp \rightarrow V h_1 \rightarrow V \tau^+\tau^-$, ($V \equiv W^\pm, Z$) at the LHC, considering the impact of the flavor constraints as well as the constraints coming from the Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) measurements. We find that the imaginary part of the top and bottom Yukawa couplings can take very small but non-zero values even after satisfying the recent updates from LHC. Our study shows that the CPV-MSSM provides an equally potential solution (like its CP-conserving (CPC) counterpart) to the recent LHC Higgs data. Improvement in different Higgs coupling measurements is necessary in order to test the possibility of probing the small dependence on these CPV phases in the Higgs sector of the MSSM.


Many computer codes have been written to model wake fields. Here we describe the use of the Conformal Finite Difference Time Domain (CFDTD) method to model the wake fields generated by a rigid beam traveling through various accelerating structures. The non- cylindrical symmetry of some of the problems considered here requires the use of a three dimensional code. In traditional FDTD codes, curved surfaces are approximated by rectangular steps. The errors introduced in wake field calculations by such an approximation can be reduced by increasing the mesh size, therefore increasing the cost of computing. Another approach, validated here, deforms Ampere and Faraday contours near a media interface so as to conform to the interface. These improvements of the FDTD method result in better accuracy of the fields at asymptotically no computational cost. This method is also capable of modeling thin wires as found in beam profile monitors, and slots and cracks as found in resistive wall motions. 4 refs., 5 figs.


The presence of Golgi dictyosomes in fungi was first demonstrated by means of electron microscopy in the ascomycete Neobulgaria pura (R. T. Moore and J. H. McAlear, J. Cell Biol. 16:131, 1963) and later in the phycomycete Pythium debaryanum (L. E. Hawker, Nature 197: 618, 1963), the rust fungus, Puccinia podophylli (R. T. Moore, J. Bacteriol 86:866, 1963), and various myxomycetes (M. A. McManus, Am. J. Bot. 52:15, 1965). The presence of a Golgi apparatus in the basidium of higher basidiomycetes has not previously been demonstrated, and its function in fungi is not known. In the present investigation, a Golgi apparatus was found in the basidium of Coprinus lagopus Fr., and its morphology was studied during the course of meiosis. The Golgi apparatus of fungi was characterized by Moore (J. Bacteriol. 86: 866, 1963). In addition, a new feature not hitherto reported for fungal material was shown by this organelle in the basidium of Coprinus. This is observed only in medial sections (Fig. 1), where the Golgi apparatus is seen to possess a central, osmiophilic region from which cisternae radiate. The adjacent cisternae are seen to be interconnected (Fig. 2). W. P. Cunningham, D. J. Morre, and H. H. Mollenhauer (J. Cell Biol. 28:169, 1966) recently demonstrated, by whole-mount electron microscopy, that isolated Golgi bodies from plant material also contain a central region from which many interconnecting cistemae radiate. A second point of interest noted in this material concerns the behavior and possible role of the Golgi apparatus during the course of meiosis. At meiotic prophase stages, there is only one fairly small Golgi apparatus within the basidium. This was found to lie fairly close to the nucleus. The diameter of the whole Golgi apparatus (seen in Fig. 1) is approximately 0.9 to 1 Iu. Around the Golgi cisternae, there are some irregularly blebbed Golgi vesicles (Fig. 1, 2). As the nucleus entered the metaphase I of meiosis, the Golgi apparatus was found to undergo 1 Present address: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Milton Road, Cambridge, England. considerable morphological changes and become proliferated to a size five times larger than that found at prophase stages (Fig. 3). The cisternae appear to be irregularly blebbed and to include a great number of vesicles. It was found that, in a basidium where the Golgi apparatus is proliferated in this way, many vesicles are seen to be closely associated with the dividing nucleus (Fig. 4). A similar proliferation of the complex was found in the rust Puccinia podophylli by R. T. Moore (J. Bacteriol. 86:866, 1963), although he did not correlate the event with the nuclear behavior, and at the metaphase stage of mitosis in the bryophyte Anthoceros (I. Manton, J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 8:221, 1960). The correlation of this Golgi proliferation with the onset of meiotic metaphase in Coprinus appears to be significant. If one can assume that the morphological changes observed reflect changes of activity during the development of the basidium, one must conclude that one function of the Golgi complex of Coprinus is related to the processes involved in nuclear division. Because there is no evidence ofany secretory activity in fungal cells during meiosis, one of the simplest explanations for the above observations is that the complex is producing or assembling membrane materials necessary for nuclear membrane reconstitution. This suggestion, which has also been advanced by Manton (J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 8:221, 1960), is compatible with the observations (i), that in the course of meiosis, two consecutive nuclear divisions take place within a short period of time, (ii) that the massive vesicles lie near to the dividing nucleus, and (iii) that vesicles were observed by Harris and Mazia (p. 279, in The Interpretation of Ultrastructure, R. J. C. Harris [ed.], Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1962) to join to form the nuclear membrane at telophase.


(57) Abstract: A new circuit for compensating the ASE at the gain control mode of the optical amplifier (10) (FIG. 1A) is disclosed. The circuit (Fig. 1A) is a gain medium (20), excitation light source (22), an input port (24) output port (26), two optical taps (28 and 30), a first detector (32), and It includes a second detector (34). Figure 1B further discloses a new method of extracting a control signal from the outputs of the two photodetectors.


It is well established that adrenal gland of the cat contains considerable amount of noradrenaline together with adrenaline. In an attempt to evaluate the possible role of noradrenaline in adrenal physiology , investiga tions were undertaken to know how the various kinds of stressful stimuli affect the noradrenaline and adrenaline contents of the adrenal gland. In my previous study the effect of insulin hypoglycemia was investigated.) Subsequently, the present study was conducted to explore the effect of bleeding on the noradrenaline and adrenaline contents of the adrenal gland in the cat.


The reactions of ClONO2 with the Cl-(D2O)n≤3 and NO2- ions were studied in a flow-tube apparatus at several temperatures in the range 170−298 K and at a helium buffer gas pressure of 0.28 Torr. Rate constants for these reactions were determined, establishing that all these ions react quite efficiently with ClONO2. The product ions observed in reaction sequences are reported, and reaction mechanisms are proposed to account for the findings. In the case of Cl- and NO2- the main product ion is NO3-, while the hydrates Cl-(D2O)n≤1-3 lead to production of the hydrated species, NO3-(D2O)m≤n-1. The main features of the observed secondary reactions can be described in terms of adduct formation and ligand switching. Limits on the bond energy of (NO3ClNO3)-, 14.6 kcal/mol ≤ D(NO3-−ClONO2) ≤ 26 kcal/mol, were determined. Finally, implications of these studies to atmospheric chemistry are discussed.


There has been considerable interest in the development of efficient short wavelength lasers in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) regimes; however, very few lasers in this spectral regime have actually been demonstrated. The ionic states of alkali halide molecules have an isoelectronic configuration to the well known rare gas halide excimers, and the scaling of the emission wavelength to the VUV spectral regime due to the highly ionized upper states is possible.1


Aims: To review different types of obstetric services provided by the general practitioners with a back-up of para-medical staffs in a rural Nepal to analyze obstacles faced in providing qualitative care. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all deliveries conducted at Okhaldhunga Community Hospital in one year duration (December 2005 to December 2006). Results: In the study period, 123 deliveries took place with 126 births due to the result of three sets of twin. Caesarean were done in 28(22.7%) and most of them being performed as emergency basis (92.8%). Of the 95 vaginal deliveries, instrumental delivery was 7.3%. One (0.8%) underwent vaginal birth after previous caesarean section (VBAC) and the episiotomy rate was 20.3%. The perinatal mortality rate was 95.23 per 1000 births. Conclusion: Obstetric service in rural Nepal can be enhanced by incorporating general practioners. Key words: Obstetric care; general practitioners; rural setting. DOI: 10.3126/njog.v4i1.3330 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology June-July 2009; 4(1): 38-41


A simple,fast,and accurate method of determination the content of palladium of Pd–Al2O3 pellets by EDXRF was established.By added the internal standard element Mo quantitatively to the sample,dissolved Pd on the Pd Al2O3 pellets using aqua regia,and made filter paper sample,the content of Pd could be obtained Energy dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer.While the content of palladium between 30wt%~50wt% of the sample,the relative standard deviation less than 0.9% and the relevance ratio between 98%~102%.The measuring range of this method can be adjusted by changing the content of Mo.


There is no scale in Ruminahui Canton for sports trainers to reference the standards on detection and selection of new talents no matter the sport they practice, so as a consequence of the lack of a scientific basement, the process is not as effective as it should be. The goal is to stablish general detection scales for sports talents in Ruminahui Canton through the application of scientific methods such as anthropometric measures and most of all, physical tests to facilitate the effective formation of new sports talents in sports schools in Canton. The candidates (children/teenagers) were tested in similar conditions by applying anthropometric measures and physical tests. The sample is composed by 323 children/teenagers both, male and female, between 9-12 years old. The following anthropometric measures and physical tests were applied: weight (kg), height (cm), flexibility: vertical anterior trunk flexion (cm), jump length s/c impulse (cm), back throw with medicine ball 2 kg s/c of impulse (cm), 30 m speed (sec.), abdominal 30 secs. (Rep.) stroke of 600 m up to 10 years and for 11-12 years a distance of 1000 m (in sec), push-ups and extensions of elbow mouth down 30 sec. (Rep.). The established scales at an anthropometric and physical level, are indicators to set a more adequate and precise orientation up, helping trainers to go through a more accurate process regarding the detection and selection in sports schools in Ruminahui Canton.


Although 30 years have passed since it was first formulated by the American political scientist Joseph Nye Jr, experts in international relations still debate on the contribution that soft power can give in foreign policy. This article aims to analyse the epistemological framework of soft power since its elaboration over the years till now. The research delves into two essential angles of soft power. The former is the study on the relevance of the concept of soft power in the current political dynamics. The latter is the definition of the idea of soft power with a focus on the evolution of such an idea since it was formulated by Joseph Nye Jr. The academic debate around the concept of soft power can be summarised mostly around four points: (1) the definition of soft power, (2) the relationship between hard and soft power; (3) resources and behaviours generating soft power; (4) the actors involved, when we speak about soft power. In the political debate of the last few years, some political scientists and practitioners have raised doubts about relevance and effectiveness of soft power in the current international political dynamics. However, the COVID-19 pandemic, which is reshaping the global order, is demonstrating that deploying effective public diplomacy is still crucial in international relations.


Co-existent neck and shoulder pain has been described in limited fashion in the literature as a unique diagnosis, but the concomitant presentation of neck and shoulder pain is a common scenario in primary care and orthopedic offices.


For centuries, people have been concerned with their spatial location and surroundings on Earth. The methods of describing routes and areas of space by one person to another have always been a function of the available resources. Today these resources include mobile phones, personal digital assistants and palmtop computers, providing people with detailed spatial information whilst 'on the move'. To the Geomatics industry, the potential created by the convergence of wireless communication, positioning technology and Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) is tremendous. It is now possible to deliver relevant information where it is needed most. Time critical and location dependent information services have been identified as potentially successful application areas in this domain. Not only will field workers be empowered by such services, but the general citizen will also benefit. There are many examples in Europe and more recently in Australia where such benefits are being realised. Most of these examples are termed Location Based Services (LBS). The underlying technologies of LBS along with their synergy with wireless communication, positioning technology and SDI will be examined.


Using linked employer-employee data from Sweden, a di erence-in-di erence approach, and 201 private equity buyouts undertaken between 1998 and 2004, we show that unemployment risk declines and labor income increases for employees in the wake of a private equity buyout. Unemployment risk declines despite lower employment growth for continuing establishments attributable to hiring freezes rather than to layo s and a lack of change in rm level employment growth. A plausible explanation is relaxed nancial constraints: the e ects are strongest in industries dependent on external nance for growth, for nondivisional buyouts, and for buyouts just prior to 2001.


Purpose: This study examined the role of self help groups in addressing some of the problems faced by persons with disabilities such as social exclusion, discrimination, lack of awareness about their rights and privileges, and absence of livelihood programmes. Method: One hundred persons with disabilities were randomly drawn for the study from 50 self help groups in 2 districts that were covered under a popular poverty alleviation programme implemented by the state of Andhra Pradesh  in India.  An interview schedule was used to collect information. Results : Before joining the group, some of the persons with disabilities were mostly confined to their houses, and viewed as less productive and incapable of leading a 'normal' life. After joining the groups, they came out of their seclusion and started to work together for their collective welfare and development. They gained knowledge about their rights and privileges and started income generation activities with the help of loans made available to them.  They gained better acceptance within their families, but attitudes of their communities was slower to change. A feeling that "disability is not inability" seemed to have been internalized among the members of the groups. Conclusion : Self-help groups can be very effective in helping persons with disabilities to come out of their isolation and in promoting their participation and inclusion in societal mainstream. Key Words : Self-help group, persons with disabilities doi 10.5463/DCID.v22i2.78


The alumina–titania coatings produced by atmospheric plasma spraying are being developed for a wide variety of applications that require resistance to wear, erosion, cracking, and spallation. Consideration of parameters setting will develop reliable coatings with high performance properties for demanding coating application. Al2O3– 3 wt% TiO2 was used as the main coating. Ni 20%Cr6Al powder was used as bond coat coating onto AISI 304 stainless steel substrate using Sulzer-Metco plasma spray system 9MC equipment.


Part I: Introduction For close to forty years, the fate of journalists wishing to conceal the identities of confidential sources from government bodies with subpoena power has depended upon how one heavily divided United States Supreme Court opinion is interpreted. The Court's 5-4 decision in Branzburg v. Hayes1 in 1972 represents its last word - so far2 - on whether journalists have a constitutional right under the First Amendment press clause3 to refuse to identify sources of information to grand juries, prosecutors, criminal defendants, civil litigants, legislators, and others. With prospects for a federal journalist's shield law still uncertain at this writing,4 journalists may continue to rely on interpretations of Branzburg for protection for some time. Because the Branzburg decision was closely divided, lower court interpretations have focused on a brief concurring opinion by Justice Lewis Powell.5 The Powell concurrence is not necessarily a ringing endorsement of the majority opinion, but it also stops short of endorsing either dissent. Lower federal courts and some state courts have resolved the resulting confusion through ad hoc decision-making, while other states have created shield statutes that protect journalists to varying degrees. But recently in the federal courts, journalists' protection, already uncertain, has been thrown into further disarray by a parade of negative decisions.0 The parade began with a strongly worded United States Court of Appeals decision in 2003 criticizing thirty years of federal appellate precedent that provided limited protection to journalists and sources.7 The Seventh Circuit's 2003 opinion accused other federal courts of badly misreading Branzburg, which the three-judge panel said provided no support for any type of constitutional privilege.8 The Seventh Circuit's McKevitt opinion indicated that more than thirty years after Branzburg was decided, lower courts still were unsure what it meant. Although the passage of a federal shield law would help clarify journalists' right to conceal confidential sources, it would still leave unresolved two other issues that are associated with Branzburg - the extent to which press newsgathering activities are protected by the First Amendment and the reach of generally applicable laws into newsgathering and publication. Because Branzburg still matters to the media, this article will attempt to make sense of it by using a comprehensive approach. All Supreme Court opinions that have cited Branzburg in First Amendment contexts will be examined, as well as a few non-media cases in which the Court discussed Branzburg at some length. Also, the article will briefly examine federal and state appellate court cases and federal trial court opinions that discussed Branzburg's meaning to some extent. The goal is to gain a complete picture of how this pivotal case in First Amendment law has affected press rights. Part II: Origins of the Case The cases consolidated in Branzburg v. Hayes had origins in many years of journalistic practice, centuries of Anglo-American legal tradition, and the turbulent 1960s. sl Before examining the backgrounds of the specific cases, it would be helpful to briefly sketch the larger issues at stake. THE PROBLEM OF PRIVILEGE It has long been a maxim of English and American law that privileges excusing people from providing evidence in court are disfavored because they hamper the search for truth. Famously, during a debate on whether privileges to excuse witnesses should be curtailed, Lord Hardwicke in 1742 said on the floor of Parliament that "the public has a right to every man's evidence" in courts of law.10 That phrase has survived to this day as a description of Anglo-American law's attitude toward privileges.11 Nevertheless, it also is widely accepted in the law that some relationships between persons are irreparably damaged if one party cannot rely on promises of confidentiality from the other. …


Suicide has become a significant cause of concern worldwide over recent years. The early identification and providing treatment of individuals having suicidal tendencies are necessary for preventing suicides. Past suicidal behavior information of an individual is recorded in the electronic health records (EHR) reports which can help to understand a patient's current mental health condition. In this paper, to identify the people who are ideating and are anticipating attempting suicide, we propose a novel model named CMTN, which utilizes the textual EHR data for the prediction of suicidal behaviors. The proposed framework employs convolutional and transformer layers to capture local and global relationships in the text and the attention mechanism to assess the significance of various input text components. Overall, the suggested model has achieved the highest precision for the SA class with a score of 0.97 and the highest recall and f1-score of 0.56 and 0.52, respectively, for the SI class, compared with all other state-of-the-art and baseline models. We have also employed different embeddings such as BERT, BioBERT, and PubMedBERT to our state-of-the-art model and illustrated the model's improved performance. In addition, we have also shared the data alignment and annotation extraction algorithms in this paper, allowing other researchers to generate the dataset, thereby expediting development in the prevention of suicides.


The propagation of a circumferential external surface flaw in a metallic round pipe under constant amplitude cyclic axial loading is examined through a two-parameter theoretical model. The surface flaw is assumed to present an elliptical-arc shape with aspect ratio varying from 0.0 to 1.2. The relative depth of the deepest point on the crack front is equal to the ratio between the maximum crack depth and the pipe wall thickness. The edge flaw being considered is shown to follow preferred propagation patterns in the diagram of aspect ratio against relative depth.


Within the multi-year project Researching the Culture and History of the Serbs in Romania, organized by the Center for Scientific Research of the Culture of the Serbs in Romania, the team of the Ethnographic Institute SASA realized field research on wedding customs practiced by the Serbian national minority in the Romanian part of Banat. Based on field material collected from 2016 to 2019, this text discussed about the role of wedding customs in the process of creation and manifestations of gender identities. Gender roles are observed and analyzed in pre-wedding customs (prediction of the future spouse's name, meeting each other, analysing the house, marriage proposal, behaviour of the future newlyweds before the wedding, wedding invitation, preparations for the wedding, transfer of the bride's things to the groom's house and bachelor / bachelorette party), customs on the wedding day (gathering of the wedding guests, coming to pick up the bride,picking up the bride, going to the wedding, getting married, wedding celebration, the bride's entering into the groom's house, sending off the wedding party guests, "feathers" and going "to the water") and customs after the wedding day ("in the morning", checking the maiden's virginity and visiting newly related families).


1. The composite stiffener, comprising: first, second and third components are made from laminated composite tape, the first and second components form a wall and a pair of flanges extending from the wall, the third component is connected to the shelves and extending substantially transversely to the wall! first, second and third composite components intersect to form a cavity, and further comprises a stiffening member! an insert disposed in the cavity and substantially fills it; ! at least one layer of composite fabric disposed in each component corresponding to inset; and! The adhesive layer wrapping insert and connecting it to the composite fabric. ! 2. An element according to claim 1, wherein the first and second components comprise rounded portions disposed between the walls and each of the shelves, and a layer of composite fabric covering the rounded portion. ! 3. An element according to claim 1, wherein the wrapping The adhesive layer comprises a layer of mounting adhesive. ! 4. An element according to claim 1, wherein said at least one layer of composite fabric comprising graphite fibers disposed in a matrix comprising an epoxy resin. ! 5. An element according to claim 1, wherein The adhesive layer and said at least one layer of composite fabric extend beyond the rounded parts. ! 6. An element according to claim 1, wherein said at least one layer of composite fabric composite component is displaced relative to said at least one layer of composite fabric other composite components. ! 7. A method for manufacturing a composite stiffener, according to which: form a pair of composite channels, each of which


Chengdu Normal University stands at a new historical starting point,which needs to expect the future and lay a solid foundation.Chengdu Normal University holds the school-running idea that every student's life in Chengdu Normal University will be a valuable journey.The university aims at becoming an applied undergraduate university with distinctive characteristics and high quality which has advantage in the province and influence at home and abroad.Moreover,the university should focus on the implementation of the four development strategies.


In this work, we investigate the two competing physical effects of a thermalized bosonic environment bath in which two qubits are immersed. Specifically, the induced interaction, which is effectively a zero-temperature effect, and the quantum noise, originating from the same bath modes, are derived within a uniform treatment. We study the dependence of the induced coherent vs noise decoherence effects on the parameters of the bath modes, the qubit system, and their coupling, as well as on the geometry. Specific applications are given for spins interacting with phonons in semiconductors.


Foraminiferal samples from Kongsfjorden (Arctic Ocean) were analysed for elemental ratios using Energy Dispersive spectrometry (EDS), along with sediment organic carbon, grain size and trace metals (Zr and Hf). EDS results on benthic foraminifera N. labradorica tests surface indicated presence of zirconium (Zr), whereas other foraminiferal species like Elphidium excavatum, Cassidulina reniforme and Quinqueloculina stalkeri were devoid of any Zr traces. Both foraminiferal analysis (EDS) as well as sediment analysis (ICP-MS) indicated highest Zr percentage at the inner fjord station 4. Concentration of Zr showed opposite trend to salinity, temperature and organic carbon indicating that the source of Zr is through weathering of continental zircon. Zr showed close association with Hafnium (Hf) and the average Zr/Hf ratio within Kongsfjorden was 43. Benthic foraminiferal shells did not show any signs of dissolution. As Zr is resistant to any acid corrosion; it could possibly be protecting the foraminifera from dissolution. Hence, in the present study we conducted lab experiment on the benthic foraminifera from outer/ inner fjord by pH manipulation, to identify the possible effects on benthic foraminiferal tests in absence/presence of zirconium coating towards dissolution. Interestingly, at pH 6 foraminifera from inner fjord having Zr coating (as evidenced by EDS) did not show any dissolution, whereas outer fjord ones which are devoid of Zr shielding showed dissolution. These preliminary results indicate that with the continuing increase in atmospheric CO 2 it may be interesting to study the test structure of Zr encrusted foraminiferal tests in Kongsfjorden.


The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of ball filling and ratio of feed to grinding balls on the kinetic of grinding of ferronickel slag in a laboratory scale ball mill. The experiments were started by crushing the ferronickel slag samples using a roll crusher to produce −3 mesh (−6.7 mm) product. This product, after sampling and sample dividing processes, was then used as feed for grinding process. The grinding was performed with variations of ball filling and ratio of feed to grinding balls for 150 minutes. At every certain time interval, particle size analysis was carried out on the grinding product. The results of the experiments were also used to develop linear regression model of the effect of grinding variables on the P80 of the product. Based on this study, it was shown that P80 values of the grinding products declined sharply until 70 minutes of grinding time due to the dominant mechanism of impact breakage and then decreased slowly after 70 minutes until 150 minutes of grindin...


Alveolar ventilation and respiratory rate are regulated by central respiratory centers in the pons and medulla, which are influenced by both neural and humoral input. Aberrations in control mechanisms can lead to apnea, hypoventilation, or hyperventilation. Although hyperventilation usually occurs as a compensatory mechanism for metabolic derangements, primary central hyperventilation (CHV) has been reported with brainstem gliomas, central nervous system lymphoma, supratentorial lesions, and head trauma.1-3
 We present an 11-year-old boy with a brainstem glioma whose initial symptoms included CHV. When CHV became unresponsive to primary tumor management with radiation therapy and administration of dexamethasone, oral morphine was administered in an attempt to decrease his respiratory rate.


The effect of density-dependent regulation on soil N2 O flux in Ligustrum lucidum plantation in Jiangdu district of Yangzhou was studied. The results showed that the fluxes under the three densities had high values in autumn and spring and low values in winter. In autumn, the average of N2 O flux showed: 4225 tree/hm2(9.985 μg·m-2·h-1)1050 tree/hm2(8.195 μg·m-2·h-1)2275 tree/hm2(6.971 μg·m-2·h-1). In winter, the N2 O flux significantly decreased in which both 4225 tree/hm2(-10.355 μg·m-2·h-1) and 2275 tree/hm2(-2.716 μg·m-2·h-1) were significantly lower than 1050 tree/hm2(2.629 μg·m-2·h-1). The N2 O flux in the plot with a density of 2275 tree/hm2(7.513 μg·m-2·h-1) was lower than that in other two plots and the difference was highly significant(P0.01). In summer, the N2 O fluxes in three plantation densities were as follows: 4225 tree/hm2, 3.201μg·m-2·h-1; 2275 tree/hm2, 7.658 μg·m-2·h-1; and 1050 tree/hm2, 6.804 μg·m-2·h-1. The N2 O flux had a significant positive relationship with soil temperature(P0.01), while it had an extremely negative correlation with NH4+-N and NO3--N content(P0.01). A highly significant correlation between N2 O flux and soil nitrogen mineralization(P0.01) was also observed. It is suggested that density-dependent regulation would affect soil factors and have significant influence on N2 O emission.


The case history records of 202 psychiatric inpatient boys were used to fill out the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). In the first study, a factor analysis was performed and the resulting factors compared to those obtained by Achenbach's (1978) study. Several similar factors appeared, representing somatizing, delinquent, and aggressive behavior. Although the data in general showed this and other logically consistent patterns, a lack of reliability associated with the case-record method was noted. In the second study, non-CBCL variables (e.g., intelligence test scores, perinatal complications, parental pathology, and home stability) were correlated with the Internalizing and Externalizing dimensions and with subscales. Patterns obtained were in general consistent with previous research. The advisability of using case records as a source of checklist data, and issues of applying outpatient-derived dimensions to inpatient samples were discussed.


AbstractWe analyzed the photocatalytic effect of ultraviolet on Fe3+/H2O2 Fenton degradation of simulated printing sewage containing Reactive Red 6B. Online spectrometry was picked for monitoring to provide more accurate data which is invariably erred by complicated alkali termination in more conventional methods. The photocatalytic effect of ultraviolet on the Fe3+/H2O2 Fenton process was assessed by the coefficients of UV promoting effect and reagent utilization under different conditions (Fe3+ concentration, H2O2 concentration, and pH value). Removal efficiency reached 100% at the optimal condition: 50 × 10−5 mol/L Fe3+, 1 × 10−2 mol/L H2O2, and pH 4. Finally, a possible degradation pathway of Reactive Red 6B was proposed.


ALL PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED tests of musical aptitude, regardless of the philosophy which guided their development, have been developed primarily for use with children in grades four through twelve. No test has been extended below grade four because of the difficulty in developing valid tests for use with primary children. As a consequence, instruments which will evaluate musical aptitude in very young children are not available. Concerning the importance of the early evaluation of abilities, Bruner states, "Evaluation is best looked at as a form of educational intelligence for the guidance of curriculum construction and pedagogy. The earlier in the curricular effort intelligence operations begin, the more likely are they to be of use.''l The significance of these statements is amplified by Bloom's assertion that:


Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that targets the synovial joints of the body that holds a massive burden on healthcare worldwide. The progression of the disease is mediated in congruence of the adaptive immune cells (Tand Bcells) and synovial fibroblast activation. In the last decade, standard treatment options for RA have demonstrated significant improvements but often fail to deliver a long-term therapeutic outcome and, in some cases, cause adverse effects leading to treatment termination. Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been recently studied in RA because of the unique immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory capacities of the MSCs needed to combat RA. Pre-clinical and clinical trials have demonstrated that MSCs derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord tissue possess immunomodulatory capabilities that alter the dysfunctional immune cells involved with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including RA. Specifically, these trials have demonstrated the immunomodulation ability of MSCs on the proliferation of memory T cells as well as their ability to migrate to inflamed tissue associated with synovitis in RA.


The Encyclopedie's articles in optics and vision are surprising to a modern reader who expects to find there the Newtonianism of midEnlightenment France or who thinks of the philosophes as conventionally empirical. Rather than accepting Newton's theories wholesale, however, the encyclopedistes put them into question over and over and at first glance seem to be attempting to recuperate a Cartesian position on the nature of light and the way the eye sees it, especially with respect to color. Let us consider one reason why this may have been the case while we nonetheless argue that this is not exactly what they were doing. To begin, though, we will need an overview of Newton's project to elucidate what otherwise might be hidden agendas. First, we must remember that Newton was a firm, not to say fanatical believer in the Christian God. Indeed, for him the discovery of the laws of celestial mechanics as he laid them out in the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica were a demonstration of the manifestation of the power and of the very nature of God as a god.1 When criticized as a promoter of atheism, he answered consistently that the laws of celestial motion were not enough in themselves to cause the solar system to form and to move in the way that it does. That natural laws are descriptions of the behavior of the mechanical world and nothing else, and Newton repeated over and over that even gravity is


Four camelid species exist in South America: two wild, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the vicuna (Vicugna vicugna), and two domestic, the alpaca (Lama pacos) and the llama (Lama glama). However, the origin of the domestic species has been a matter of debate. In the present study, variations in chromosome G banding patterns and in two mitochondrial gene sequences have been used to study the origin and classification of the llama and alpaca. Similar patterns in chromosome G band structure were observed in all four Lamini species, and these in turn were similar to the bands described for camels, Camelus bactrianus. However, fine and consistent differences were found in the short arms of chromosome 1, separating camels, guanacos and llamas from vicunas and alpacas. This pattern was consistent even in a hybrid guanaco x alpaca. Equivalent relationship


EDITOR—Gulena et al are correct to challenge overzealous interpretation of data protection law in their questionnaire survey of patients' and visitors' views about having their names displayed in hospital.1 Measures taken by doctors to safeguard patient confidentiality, especially electronic records, are, however, severely deficient and fuel the concerns of those entrusted to police data security.

We invited 32 surgical trainees to complete a …


— We report observations of radiative decay from metastable states of highly charged ions captured in a newly-developed compact Penning trap. Ions of interest are created in the NIST electron beam ion trap (EBIT), extracted in an ion beamline, and captured in a compact Penning trap built in a novel unitary architec-ture to facilitate collection of photons emitted by stored ions. As an example, Ar 13+ ions are captured in one of the two fine structure levels forming the lowest lying states, allowing us to monitor the fluorescence (blue light) of the spin-flipping (M1) decay to the ground state. We present recent results from the newly deployed ion capture apparatus and briefly discuss previous in-EBIT experiments as well as an earlier study involving ion capture in an electrostatic Kingdon ion trap. Our results illustrate the potential of unitary Penning traps for a variety of studies, 1 including experiments to produce hydrogenlike ions for spectroscopic tests of QED. 2 ions,"


The remote laboratory system allows users to conduct lab work via a remote-controlled lab computer. Each computer has a different interface to interact with the operating system. This affects the comfort and effectiveness of users in accessing remote laboratories. Based on this, we need a support system in the remote laboratory to maximize user time in practicing. The interface on the computer lab becomes an important factor in supporting a practicum that uses computers. GUI (Graphical User Interface) is an interface that allows users to interact with the operating system graphically. Unlike the CLI (Command Line Interface), which uses the command line, the GUI uses a graphical menu, thus allowing users to more easily and efficiently interact with the operating system. The main features of the GUI are made up of three components. The components in question include time management features, application selection, and notifications. If already connected to the GUI, users can easily open the applications provided, such as CX-Programmer, Pneumatic Festo Fluidsim, and the camera. Also, the GUI functions as a timer and notifies users. This can be seen from the automatic connection and disconnection between the user and the computer lab if the practicum time is up.


The objective of this research was to determine the effect of taro flour and ragi addition on physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of sweet bread. The experiment used a Factorial Block Randomized Design with two treatments and three replications for each treatment. The first factor was addition taro flour (0%, 2%,4%, and 6%), the second factor was of yeast consentration (0.25%, 0.50% dan 0.75%). The observed parameters were physical (rate of appearance and texture), chemical (moisture content, ash content, protein content, and dietary fiber) and organoleptic test (appearance, texture, aroma, and flavor). The results showed that the addition of taro flour had significant effects on rate of appearance, texture, moisture content and ash content, while the concentration of yeast significant effects on rate of appearance, texture, and ash content. Interaction of two the factors had significant effect on rate of appearance. The best treatment sweet bread with substitutions taro flour with the treatment of A2B2 (taro flour 2% and yeast concentrastion 0.50%) the threatment based on physical and chemical (91.31% of rate of expansion, 304.30 gf of texture, 23.71% of moisture content, 1.31% of ash content, 7.16% of protein content, and 8.94% of dietary fiber).


An approximate theory of viscous flow in elastic capillaries was developed in earlier work2). Because of its biological interest, this theory is compared with the results of model experiments. The wall of the capillary is of rubber; the liquid investigated is a 2.5% Na-CMC solution in water. Since this liquid is not Newtonian, the theory is extended to non-Newtonian flow (Sect. 2).

It is found that the agreement between theory and experiment is quite satisfactory. The experimental errors are discussed, and an estimate is made of the error involved in the theoretical treatment.


The formation of a thin, hard and britt le layer at the interface between the weld and the base metal during the gas metal arc welding process was studied for the case of a high-strength low alloy steel welded wi th a stainless steel electrode. This embritt lement is usually attributed to diffusion across the dissimilar metal interface, whereas the results of the present study point to segregation as the more likely cause. The proposed segregation model, which is based on the mechanism of solidification, shows a better fit wi th the experimental results obtained.


WE shall devote this section to the discussion of a number of topics some of which have received brief mention in the preceding papers of the series but with other subjects will nowv be considered in some detail. The material will be treated uncler the following five headings: i. The simplest types of plant cells. 2. Comparisons of the structures of some higher types of plant cell with simpler conditions. 3. Some apparent tendencies in the evolution of mitotic phenomena. 4. The essential structures of the plant cell and their behavior in ontogeny. 5. The balance of nuclear and cytoplasmic activities in the plant cell.


of the Dissertation Toward the Application of Constructivism and Constructionism to Work-Related Training in Service of the Enhancement of Human Capital Development in Postsecondary Education Settings in the United States by Antje Mays Doctor of Education California Coast University Santa Ana, California 2015 Education research and employer surveys reveal that the skill gap in the United States spans across the realms of academic foundations, industry qualifications and technical competencies, higher-order cognitive skills, and behavioral skills and values. The purpose of this investigation was to identify key components of the two theoretical models of constructivism and constructionism which have been found to enhance children's intellectual and affective development and to apply these components to career instruction in postsecondary education settings. Through a critical analysis of existing theory and research related to human capital, constructivism, and constructionism, the components which might be logically applied to workforce development in postsecondary career education settings in the United States were identified. The goal of applying constructivist and constructionist strategies would be to empower postsecondary career learners to internalize their career fields' knowledge base and its practical applications as well as strengthen learners' analytical skills, creativity, perseverance, ethics, and behavioral workplace competencies. To accomplish this goal, seven core components were distilled from constructivism and constructionism: the whole person, knowledge structures, strategically prepared learning environments, the teacher as expert guide and subtle facilitator, experiential learning, social interaction and collaborative learning, and reflection.


Abstract Handbook of Mineralogy. Vol. 4, Arsenates, Phosphates, Vanadates by John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, and Monte C. Nichols. Mineral Data Publishing, P.O. Box 37072, Tucson, AZ 85740. 680 pages; 2000; $108 plus $6 shipping and handling (hardbound). Glossary of Obsolete Mineral Names by Peter Baylis. Mineralogical Record, P.O. Box 35565, Tucson, AZ 85740. 235 pages; 2000; $32 plus $2 postage (hardbound). Night Comes to the Cretaceous by James L. Powell. W. H. Freeman, New York. 250 pages; 1998; $22.95 (hardcover). Where to Find Gold in Northern California by James Klein. Gem Guides Book Co., Baldwin Park, California. 100 pages; 2000; $10.95 (softbound). MinDex 2000 by Lanny R. Ream. Computer software for Windows and Mac OS. L. R. Ream Publishing, P. O. Box 2043, Coeur d'Alene, ID 83816-2043; phone: 208/664-2448; fax: 208-667-7481; email: email@example.com; Web site: http://www.mineralnews.com. $65, including U.S. shipping and handling (add $5 for non-U.S. orders).


In-vehicle people sensing has received considerable attention for preventing overloading and forgotten children. Impulse radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) radar is widely applied in noncontact sensing applications. However, metal-rich environment and narrow space with multiple objects bring dense multipaths in received radar signals, posing a great challenge to in-vehicle sensing, especially people counting and motion recognition. This article proposes novel spatial-temporal-circulated gray level co-occurrence matrix (STC-GLCM) and physiological features for people sensing, to detect the presence, number, and motions of people in the vehicle. Considering temporal consistency and spatial continuity of highly associated in-vehicle radar signals, STC-GLCM feature is designed to describe the 2-D circular spatial-temporal distribution, and extracted at individual, associated, and global scales. In addition, the singular value ratio (SVR) is introduced to select the physiological feature at each individual scale, representing the possibility and intensity of cardiopulmonary activity. Three different classifiers are applied on these combined features for classification, and the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is adopted for performance analysis. A radar signal dataset is constructed for various in-vehicle scenarios, including different number of people in a stationary and moving vehicle with several motions. The accuracies reach 97.5% and 97.0% in counting the number of people in the stationary and moving vehicle, and 99.0% in recognizing the motions, demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness of these proposed features. The proposed in-vehicle radar signal dataset is available at https://github.com/yangxiuzhu777/In-Vehicle-Radar-Data.


Portugal has been fustigated, throughout the last decades, by numerous forest fires. The area burned has increased considerably and the country of Southern Mediterranean Europe with the highest percentage of area burned. By examining the geographic distribution of burned areas, in terms of the NUT II, we find that the Central Region of Portugal has been the most plagued. Down to a scale of more detail, we observe that the district of Guarda is the territory most affected by the flames, which is why this study are focusing in this space. The aim is, therefore, to make a diachronic analysis of the manifestation of the dendrocaustological risk in the study area, in the period between hydrological years 1980/81 and 2009/10, aiming to understand how it was the combination of the factors triggering. On the other hand, after the occurrence of forest fires, there are changes in land use, so another of the objectives, is the establishment of forms of landscape evolution. Thus, the present study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the various actions that interfere with the forest fire risk, as well as, whether to examine the new landscape that gradually gaining ground after the passage of forest fires.


Objective: The research work was conducted to determine the duration of protective efficacy and lowest immune protective titer of Salmonella bivalent vaccine containing Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum prepared at the Livestock and Poultry Vaccine Research and Production Centre (LPVRPC) of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Materials and methods: The experimental chickens were subdivided into four main groups (A, B, C and D). Group A and B were vaccinated with BAU - Salmonella bivalent vaccine with dosed 0.5 mL intramuscularly at the age of seven weeks followed by a booster vaccination at 12 weeks of age while group C and D served as unvaccinated control. The sera samples were obtained at 7, 12, 15, 18, 23, 27, 30, 32, 34, 36 and 41 weeks of age of birds. Results: Significantly elevated level of immune response in terms of antibody production resulted from booster vaccination. Vaccinated chicken showed protective resistance following virulent challenge with isolates of S. gallinarum and S. pullorum (** P <0.01) till 41 weeks, whereas unvaccinated control birds failed to resist the virulent challenge infection. Conclusion: BAU-Salmonella bivalent vaccine showed lowest immune protective titer up to seven months following booster vaccination . http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2018.e278


This study aims to provide information about the financial performance of Perum Bulog Regional Sub Division IV Maumere in 2017-2019. The analysis was carried out by comparing the financial ratios of Perum Bulog Regional Sub Division IV Maumere with industry standards based on Kasmir. The financial ratios used are: Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Debt To Asset Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin, Return On Investment, Return On Equity, and Total Asset Turnover. This research uses descriptive quantitative research methods. The calculation results show that the company's liquidity ratios in the form of current ratios and quick ratios have good financial performance. The average solvency ratio is below the industry standard and is in the good category, while in 2019 it is in the poor category because it is above the industry standard. Financial performance based on the profitability ratios reviewed using net profit margin is in poor condition, reviewed using return on investment has good financial performance because it is above standard, while in 2019 financial performance is not good because it is below standard, and reviewed using return on equity financial performance is good. Financial performance based on the company's activity ratio is in good condition, while in 2019 the company's condition is not good

Keywords: Financial Ratios, Financial Reports, Financial Performance


Abstract This paper examines the pivotal role of ideologies in a case of language shift from Targia to Libyan Arabic among Libyan Tuaregs in the south–western region of Libya. I argue that foundational ideologies, the opposed and hierarchical linguistic relationship between Arabic and Targia, a southern Amazigh variety, and ideological elision, the process of shifting the meanings associated with Classical and Modern Standard Arabic (CA, MSA) to Libyan Arabic (LA) (e.g., religious piety), eventually have driven the changes in the linguistic behavior of the Tuareg people towards the attachment to Libyan Arabic and at the expense of Targia. The data is drawn from a fieldwork conducted on two Libyan Tuareg communities, Ghat and Barkat. The former is a multi-ethnic town while the latter is a village composed of only Tuaregs. The sample is comprised of 221 participants (114 from Brakat and 107 from Ghat), balanced by gender and divided into three age groups. A combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches was employed for data collection and analysis. The statistical analysis showed that age group has the most significant effect on the reported use of Targia, followed by type of community and the interactive effect of both variables.


Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a chlorinated organic solvent that has been widely used in metal processing, electronics, dry cleaning, paint and many other industries. The methylotrophic bacteria have been shown to co-metabolize TCE. These organisms have been utilized as degraders of TCE in aquifers which suggests that the use of methylotrophs is a practical solution for TCE contamination. Electroosmosis is a relatively old technique used to dewater soils. Electroosmosis uses a direct-current electric field to induce a motion of a liquid and dissolved ions that transports the contaminants in the electric field. This technique is limited to fairly soluble contaminants like benzene, toluene, xylene, phenol, and chlorinated solvents. This technique creates highly acidic and basic zones in the soil. The process can also raise the temperature of the soil substantially. We are selecting methylotrophs to survive and degrade TCE in this environment.


ANDREW GULLIFORD is an associate professor of history and director of the Public History and Historic Preservation graduate program at Middle Tennessee State University. He has worked with interdisciplinary teams to prepare nominations of Indian trails for the National Register of Historic Places, and he regularly consults on repatriation and tribal museum issues. His photographs of Native American sites have been published on the cover of the Advisory Council's Report to the President and Congress of the United States and The Secretary of the Interior's Report to Congress: Federal Archaeological Programs and Activities. His article "Native Americans and Museums: Curation and Repatriation of Sacred and Tribal Objects" appeared in The Public Historian 14, no. 3 (Summer 1992). This article could not have been researched and written without the generous assistance of the James Marston Fitch Foundation of New York City and the author's receipt of a grant to study tribal historic preservation. The author would also like to thank Professors Fred Rolater and Lorne McWatters for their assistance and willingness to read drafts of this essay, as well as guest editors Ann Marie Plane and Clara Sue Kidwell. Lindsey Reed is to be commended for her patience. Thanks also go to the anonymous reviewers who made valuable editorial suggestions. The author would also like to thank the numerous Native Americans, Native Alaskans, and Native Hawaiians who have shared their anguish and their stories with him. Where possible individual contributions are cited in the notes.


A kind of charging system for electric motor car, comprising: power source;Having the first end and the cable of the second end, the first end is attached to power source, and this cable includes charge conductor and cooling duct, and each of which all extends to the second end from the first end;And it is attached to the connector of the second end of cable, this connector has the form factor of the charging port corresponding to electric motor car;Wherein cooling duct is adapted to be the fluid of transport cooling charge conductor.


Pandemic of Coronavirus COVID19 faced the world with a new social phenomena: worldwide quarantine and self-isolation of countries and regions as well as families and individuals. Prolongation of this situation has already led to disappearance or global transformation of subjects` interaction old forms (absolutely of all forms and at all the levels), rapid emergence of new types of communication (in particular) and being (in general) and the need for the world to be adapted to new realities when the post-Corona period comes. The authors of the article make the assumption that the old ways and principles of life will no longer fit the post-quarantine realities. People and countries will have to re-develop the rules of interaction in society (both at local and global levels) urgently. To have the society as a monolithic concept again, countries will have to conduct their population through the processes of re-socialization (in cases of new priciples` development ) or social re-adaptation (in cases when it is still possible to apply the pre-Corona social algorithms to post-Corona conditions). The other assumption made is that in post-Corona period (at least, at the beginning) we shall deal with new forms of subject-subject intersection where the subjects stand for expanded personal space with clearer boundaries.


The topic of the research is Readers' Reactions to Maman Suherman's Re: The study's goals were to look at the readers' reactions to the plot components in Maman Suherman's Re: and the reasons for their reactions to Maman Suherman's Re: The descriptive qualitative method was used in this study's investigation. The readers' responses to the novel's questionnaire served as the study's data. The information was gathered from readers who had completed the novel in its entirety. The outcome revealed how readers reacted to Maman Suherman's Re: Beach, and Marshall's theory was used to examine the data. The reader liked the story elements in Maman Suherman's Re: the reader liked the story elements in Maman Suherman's Re: the reader liked the story elements in Maman Suherman's Re: the reader liked the story elements in Maman Suherman's Re: the reader liked the story elements in Maman Suherman's Re: the reader liked the story elements in Maman Suherman's Re


Nucleotide data are a restricted character system complex enough to confound phylogenetic analyses yet simple enough to permit establishment of probability models for sequence change and corresponding character-state weighting schemes. We have previously developed a general method for weighting DNA data that is here elaborated for protein-coding sequences. Included in the present model are corrections for (i) multiple substitution events, (ii) transition/transversion bias, and (iii) differential proportions of changes occurring at first, second, and third codon positions. This model is shown to be generally consistent for all phylogenetically useful data


Rain streaks severely hamper the visible performance of the outdoor surveillance videos, which becomes an attractive issue in recent computer vision research. Existing methods usually encode rain streaks into Gaussian Mixture Model (GM-M). However, the limited number of Gaussian components in the GMM compromises the ability of the model in fitting real noise, such as sparse noise, which is exactly the characteristic of the rain streaks. In this paper, a novel model named Mixture Exponential Power Model (MEPM) is exploited. It sets multiple Laplace noise components and expands the representation capability for the sparse noise. Moreover, considering that the rain streaks in a video occur in different distances from the camera, we encode rain streaks into Multi-scale Mixture Exponential Power Model. The model is opti-mized by expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and La-grange multiplier strategy. Experiments are implemented on synthetic and real rain videos and verify the superiority of the proposed method, compared with state-of-the-art methods.


NFV can effectively improve the flexibility of resource allocation and save energy consumption in networks. With NFV, the servers in communication networks can be virtualized as different types of VMs, including SIVMs and CIVMs. To deal with the ever-increasing traffic, in this article, we study the cooperation of servers at different locations. This can efficiently and flexibly utilize the communication, caching, and computing resources to minimize network energy consumption with QoS guarantee. Specifically, we first investigate the impacts of different types of VMs on network performance. Then, we propose a joint allocation of different types of VMs in different servers, and discuss the tradeoffs between SIVMs and CIVMs. Case studies are also provided to verify the feasibility of VM based multi-point cooperation. Finally, potential research directions are presented to shed light on the future study of VM cooperation.


th Square of Tehran-pars, Tehran, Iran Abstract In this article using physical and mathematical equations for propulsion systems; major elements of an open cycle LPE 1 (such as pipes, valves, Gas Generator (GG), Combustion Chamber (CC), turbo pump assembly and solid grain starter) are modeled and using Fortran 90 programming language, the nonlinear and dynamic governing differential equations are numerically solved and a general simulator for open cycle LPE is developed. The developed simulator has the capability to simulate the hydraulic circuit for any arrangements of open cycle engine elements, received from the user via a suitable graphical interface.


This paper describes a vision global location system for mobile robot systems. It uses a global observation sensor to observe some artificial landmarks mounted in a work place. And then a data processing is used to obtain the sensor position and orientation in the environment. This paper mainly describes some improved methods of reliability and image processing speed for image target recognition, the optimal method for location calculation is mentioned as well. At last, the experiments are given to testify that such methods used for the vision sensor system are effective to guide a mobile robot system by global environments.


To assess environmental feasibility of Beize coal washing and separating plant and predict it's influence to ambient, according to government laws, codes and regulations such as 《The Specific Guide to Environmental Impact Assessment》 and technical features of the project, the range, grade, standards and factors of current situations evaluation were determined. And then the current situations on air, surface water and noises were measured. The average daily concentrations of TSP, SO2 and NO2 in air were 0.056~0.282 mg/m3, 0.037~0.039 mg/m3 and 0.016~0.036 mg/m3 respectively. The shared rates of TSP, SO2 and NO2 are 48.6%, 29.5% and 21.9% respectively. This indicates that all subindexes have certain environmental carrying capacity. Except pH, COD, NH4+-N and oil likes in local river exceeds level Ⅲ standard of water body far away. The river was polluted heavily. Acoustic environment satisfies the level Ⅱ standard of 《Environmental Noise Standard on Urban Area》. All this work laid a sound foundation for the next environmental influence prediction and appraisal.


The relevance of the study is determined by the need to highlight the issues of memory and identity in the context of globalization, decolonization, the escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian war, and the intensification of the search for national and individual identity, particularly through the means of literature. The object of the research is Ukrainian prose of the beginning of the 21st century, which records memory and raises the issues of identity and historical continuity. The epic dimension of the problem is most fully represented by such novels as "Oblivion" by Tania Maliarchuk, "Amadoka" by Sofiіa Andrukhovych, and "Beech Land" by Maria Matios. The subject of the research is individual and group memory and identity, at one time artificially displaced from the national narrative and deliberately interrupted by the dictatorial Soviet-Russian regime. The study aims to investigate the artistic reconstruction of the memory and identity of Ukrainians in national literature of the beginning of the 21st century, to find out the instrumentalization of memory meanings and the role of remembering/forgetting. As a result of the research, using the hermeneutic method, we trace the artistic interpretation of memory in the context of an intensive understanding of the place and role of Ukrainians in the unfolding of the plot of history, returning to them a sense of individuality, and simply uniqueness, integrality, and durability (that is, permanence). Tania Maliarchuk's novel "Oblivion" tells about the memory and place of modern man in the post-colonial Ukrainian space, about his awareness of the connection and continuity of the past, present, and future. Sofiіa Andrukhovych's novel "Amadoka" deals with the history of four generations of different eras and is united by the theme of the rupture of memory, tradition, time, and space. A successful attempt at positive processing of memory and identity based on the material of the history of Bukovyna in the 18th–21st centuries was performed by Maria Matios in the novel "Beech Land". In addition to the common goal of exposing the Soviet pseudo-memory and (re)nourishing specific Ukrainian identity, the authors raise issues of regional specificity of public perception and debunking Soviet-Russian myths about the USSR. The prospects of research on the topic of memory and identity are reproductions of the entire range of semantic resources encoded in Ukrainian literature. This can become a way to escape from the power of the myths of the Russian Empire.


An electromechanical pointer indicates the specific terminal board pin to which a wire is to be wrapped. The apparatus comprises a ruled reference carriage driven along one axis to align a carriage ruler edge with the terminal board row containing the specific pin. A plurality of illuminable optical pointers, each comprising a lamp and an optical guide, are spaced along the ruler edge. One or more of the optical pointers is illuminated to indicate the specific pin to be wrapped. A photo-optical vernier permits the optical pointer lamps also to control positioning of the carriage along the one axis. A tool sensing light beam cooperates with the carriage control mechanism to indicate that the wire wrap gun has been correctly positioned at the appointed pin.


In this paper, we perform the one channel Interferometer technique using circular array antenna in practical Frequency Hopping environment. For the one channel Interferometer technique, switching process and phase estimation algorithm and Correlation Vector Direction Finding (CVDF) is used. And we simulate the Direction Finding (DF) Accuracy by the error of switching and phase estimation in case Frequency Hopping signal exist. Also, the simulations include the DF error by the modulation of the interested narrow band signal.


Introduction: Earlier, different components of yoga i.e., asanas (static physical postures), Yoga Breathing Manoeuvers (YBM) and meditation were reported to have different magnitude of effects on reaction time. YBM showed greater magnitude of effects on Visual Reaction Time (VRT) and Auditory Reaction Time (ART), than that of asanas in different groups of subjects. So, to observe the effect of different proportions of asanas and YBM in a yoga program on reaction time, with its possible applications in training and in detraining management, the study was undertaken. Aim: To study the effects of asanas and YBM in different proportions on VRT and ART among the same subjects to explore the magnitude of its effects for applications in training and detraining management. Materials and Methods: This interventional non randomised controlled study was conducted in the Department of Sports Science and Yoga, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Belur Math, West Bengal, India, from July 2019 to September 2019 on 32 healthy, male, undergraduate student volunteers in the age group of 19 to 21 years. Subjects were divided into two groups i.e., Yoga Group (YG) and Control Group (CG). CG did not practice yoga. YG practiced yoga for 45 minutes daily, six days per week for 12 weeks. Total time of practicing YBM gradually increased every week. For the first two weeks it was a session of 45 minutes and from 3rd week YBM was increased by 1-2 minutes every week up to 6th week. Then, at 7th week it increased by 8 minutes. From 8th week to 10th week it increased by 1-2 minutes in every week. On 11th and 12th week it increased 10-12 minutes on average. Up to 6th week they practiced mostly all asanas. From the 7th week to 12th week mostly YBM were practiced. Thus, at the end of 6th and 12th week, effect of greater duration of mostly all asanas and YBM, respectively were available. Measurements of VRT and ART were taken by 'Audio- VRTr', at baseline, 6th week and 12th week end of training on both groups. Study design helped to observe separately the effect of greater duration of asana and YBM practice on same group of subjects. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were done by repeated measures of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and unpaired t-test, respectively. Results: Both YG and CG had similar age, body weight and body fat percentage and activity pattern. So, groups were homogeneous in nature. VRT and ART were improved significantly (p-value<0.001) by greater practice of asanas for 6 weeks. Similarly greater YBM practice on subsequent six weeks showed further improvement (p-value<0.001) in both parameters, which even masked the natural detraining effects of these parameters due to withdrawal of asana practice, which was reflected in the magnitude of improvement (as obtained from the % calculation from difference of mean values between two time points like baseline to 6th week end) at the 6th week end (VRT: 7.4%, ART: 7.8%) as compared to that of 6th to 12th week end (VRT: 10.4%, ART: 11.6% ). YG showed significantly (p-value<0.001) faster VRT and ART than those of CG at the 6th and 12th week end. Conclusion: Judicious selection of the proportion of asanas, YBM and meditation in a yoga program, optimise Central Nervous System (CNS) arousal with better VRT and ART. YBM helped to reduce detraining effects of reaction time due to the curtailment of asana practice. This might have application in any training and also to counteract detraining effects in sports and among recuperative patients.


In registering stimulus-related potentials from the promontory in man one frequently finds so-called positive or negative summating potentials (SP). These SP's are influenced by acoustically induced activity in the crossed olivocochlear bundle (COCB): COCB activity causes a negativation of the SP. A tentative explanation will be given.


Methods: A total of twenty 3-months female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided to exercise group (n=10) and control group (n=10), and exercise rats fulfilled 15 weeks exercise. The exercise rats fulfilled 15 weeks increasing load treadmill exercise. All rats received vaginal swabs for everyday. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) of whole body, and estradiol levels (E2) were determined by a solid phase radioimmunoassay kit. Histomorphometry was performed in the proximal tibial. Biomechanical testing of the femur was determined by three point bending test.


Accurate chromosome segregation during cell division requires engagement of the kinetochores of sister chromatids with microtubules emanating from opposite poles of the mitotic spindle. In yeast, these "bioriented" metaphase sister chromatids experience tension as the corresponding microtubules (one per sister chromatid) shorten. Spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling appears to cease from a kinetochore under tension, which also stabilizes kinetochore-microtubule attachment in single-kinetochore experiments in vitro. The microtubule polymerase, Stu2, the yeast member of the XMAP215/ch-TOG protein family, associates with kinetochores in cells and contributes to tension-dependent stabilization, both in vitro and in vivo. We show here that a C-terminal segment of Stu2 binds the four-way junction of the Ndc80 complex (Ndc80c) and that amino-acid residues conserved both in yeast Stu2 orthologs and in their metazoan counterparts make specific contacts with Ndc80 and Spc24. Mutations that perturb this interaction prevent association of Stu2 with kinetochores, impair cell viability, produce biorientation defects, and delay cell-cycle progression. Ectopic tethering of the mutant Stu2 species to the Ndc80c junction restores wild-type function. These findings show that the role of Stu2 in tension sensing depends on its association with kinetochores by binding with Ndc80c.


As high-resolution conservation images, acquired using various imaging modalities, become more widely available, it is increasingly important to achieve accurate registration between the images. Accurate registration allows information unavailable in any one image to be compiled from several images and then used to provide a better understanding of how a painting was constructed. We have developed an algorithm that solves several important conservation problems: 1) registration and mosaicking of multiple X-ray films, ultraviolet images, and infrared reflectograms to a color reference image at high spatial-resolution (200 to 500 dpi) of paintings (both panel and canvas) and of works on paper, 2) registration of the images within visible and infrared multispectral reflectance and luminescence image cubes, and 3) mosaicking of hyperspectral image cubes (400 to 2500 nm). The registration/mosaicking algorithm corrects for several kinds of distortion, small rotation and scale errors, and keystone effects between the images. Thus images acquired with different cameras, illumination, and geometries can be registered/mosaicked. This automatic algorithm for registering/mosaicking multimodal conservation images is expected to be a valuable tool for conservators attempting to answer questions regarding the creation and preservation history of paintings. For example, an analysis of the reflectance spectra obtained from the sub-pixel registered multispectral image cubes can be used to separate, map, and identify artist materials in situ. And, by comparing the corresponding images in the X-ray, visible, and infrared regions, conservators can obtain a deeper understanding of compositional changes.


2010-2011,and the gentle slope of the earth loess hilly upland potato planting membrane cover all double "a film with two years" no-till planting mode benefits research orientation.The results found that removed the first season with mulch,double ridges all cultivation with big ridge membrane the highest yield grow potatoes,is the preferred way to get a high yield,high yield but not necessarily high charge.Potato planting membrane cover all double "a film amphibious" no-till planting with most reduce cost and increase benefit performance,it is good to reduce production investment and improve the rate of putting into production,should be in "a film two season" cultivation of wide application.In the first quarter of demolition film,double ridge membrane cover all planting in cultivation reduce cost and increase benefit performance is poor,do not advocate in production application.