Objective. The functional disability experienced in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is primarily caused by joint effusion, synovial membrane hypertrophy, and periarticular soft tissue edema, leading to the degeneration of the osteocartilaginous structures because of the inflammatory process in the synovium. The ability to visualize the inflammatory changes and hence the ensuing osteocartilaginous degeneration is, therefore, of great importance in pediatric rheumatology. Ultrasono graphy (US) has been validated as a tool for measuring cartilage thickness in healthy children and, previously, we have found good agreement with the measures obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our aim is to validate and compare US with MRI measurements of distal femoral cartilage thickness in the knee joint at the medial condyle, lateral condyle, and intercondylar spots in children with JIA. Methods. One knee from each of 23 children with oligoarticular JIA were investigated by both MRI and US. Outcome measures of imaging procedures were distal femoral cartilage thickness. Results.We found a high level of agreement between MRI and US measurements of mean cartilage thickness, and Rho values between modalities were high (between 0.70 and 0.86, p < 0.05 for all). We found a thinner cartilage thickness at the medial condyle in comparison to the other investigated points. Evaluation of anatomical landmarks for optimal measurement of cartilage thickness was found to be the intercondylar spot, which was easier to locate in addition to a smaller variance around the mean for that anatomical measuring point. Conclusion. US measurements of distal femoral cartilage thickness are highly correlated to MRI measurements. The intercondylar notch of the distal femoral cartilage may be the best anatomical point for cartilage thickness measurements of the knee. US is a reliant and nonexpensive, non-invasive modality for visualization of childhood femoral cartilage. (J Rheumatol First Release Dec 15 2014; doi:10.3899/jrheum.140162) Key Indexing Terms: ULTRASONOGRAPHY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS CARTILAGE From the Department of Pediatrics, Department of Radiology, and MRI Centre, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark. Supported by the Danish Rheumatism Association. D.Ø. Pradsgaard, MD; A.H. Spannow, MD, PhD; C. Heuck, MD, PhD; T. Herlin, MD, DMSc, Department of Pediatrics; B. Fiirgaard, MD, Department of Radiology, MRI Centre, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby. Address correspondence to Dr. D. Østergaard Pradsgaard, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. E-mail: email@example.com Accepted for publication October 1, 2014. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in childhood, resulting in musculoskeletal pain, joint stiffness, and joint swelling. JIA will lead to disability if left untreated. The longterm functional disability experienced in JIA is primarily caused by the degeneration of the osteocartilaginous structures in the affected joints because of the inflammatory process in the synovium1. The ability to visualize the inflammatory process and the following osteocartilaginous degeneration is, therefore, of great importance in pediatric rheumatology. The imaging modalities most frequently used are conventional radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and within the last decade, ultrasonography (US)2. MRI may currently be regarded as the gold standard imaging modality in rheumatic diseases because it can visualize all tissues with excellent precision. The ability to weigh sequences for specialized tissue imaging and the use of contrast agents make it superior to conventional radiography and US. MRI is especially effective in visualizing hyperemia and synovitis, and in predicting erosive changes by visualizing bone marrow edema3,4,5,6,7,8. However, MRI without contrast enhancement seems to be less sensitive in visualizing hyperemia and synovitis than US using the Doppler technique9,10. But in the pediatric setting, an established scanning methodology for the description of synovitis has not yet been validated11. MRI usually allows the examination of only a few joints in each session, and small children often need administration of sedatives or even general anesthesia to complete the scan12. Journal of Rheumatology The on December 22, 2014 Published by www.jrheum.org Downloaded from With the use of high frequency US, joint cartilage is visualized as an anechoic structure. We have established age-related and sex-related normal reference intervals for cartilage thickness in different joints in 7to 16-year-old healthy children13. In a previous study, we found a good level of agreement in cartilage thickness measurements between MRI and US14. Compared to the normal reference intervals, we found reduced articular cartilage thickness in children with JIA using the US modality15. The aim of our study was to validate US measurements of hyaline cartilage thickness in the knee of children with JIA, comparing them with MRI findings, and to locate a preferred anatomical landmark for cartilage assessment at the distal femur. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one children diagnosed with JIA according to the 2001 revised International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) classification16, aged 7–15 years and followed at our pediatric rheumatology clinic, were invited to participate in the study when the availability of the MRI scanner for research purposes was known. The invitation was sent at least 1 month prior to the examination date. Patients who were booked for a clinical examination within 14 days of the MRI examination date, and who met the inclusion criteria, were selected for the study. Patients were examined between November 2008 and October 2011. Inclusion criteria were persistent or extended oligoarticular JIA according to the ILAR classification16, with at least a 6-month disease duration, and age 7–15 years. Exclusion criteria were intraarticular corticosteroid injections (IACI) within 1 month prior to examination, a history of joint surgery, inability to participate without sedation for the MRI, or presenting other contraindications to MRI. All patients and parents gave written informed consent and the trial was approved by the local ethics


I nfection prevention programs for health care facilities include environmental surface cleaning and disinfection as fundamental components. The use of chemical disinfectants is warranted in certain instances because it is neither necessary nor possible to sterilize all contaminated items and surfaces after provision of patient care. The importance of environmental asepsis is evident as reported clinical outbreaks have been increasing involving microbial transmissions from environmental surfaces in hospital settings. As examples, recent investigations indicated that contaminated surfaces played important roles in epidemic and endemic transmission of Clostridium difficile, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, norovirus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative rods.


This article aims to propose an academic mobility framework to build a facilitative environment for mobility among teacher education institutions (TEIs) in the ASEAN region. Using a mixed-method design of research, 14 ASEAN TEIs responded to the questionnaire that looked into the policies, practices, level of readiness on mobility and mobility interventions they implement in their institutions in response to the ASEAN integration. A validation meeting was also conducted with university leaders of the respondent TEIs. For this paper, only the qualitative results on mobility interventions were analyzed to come up with the practices and TEIs' suggestions on mobility interventions. Based on the qualitative analysis and inputs from the validation meeting, the proposed mobility framework for ASEAN is presented and discussed in this paper. Respondent TEIs' recommended interventions include: (1) collaboration among ASEAN TEIs to create awareness on their respective teacher education programs; (2) English language capacity building, (3) increased financial support on student and faculty mobility; and (4) curriculum development towards harmonization. The proposed mobility framework has three major parts – the purpose of mobility for ASEAN TEIs, the areas of mobility and the facilitating mechanisms. The ASEAN experience of teachers as catalyst for ASEAN socio cultural community is considered as the purpose of mobility of teachers, which will drive the mobility programs in the ASEAN TEIs along academic, research, extension and cultural areas. These programs will not be facilitated without the necessary mechanisms in place like academic synchronization, curriculum comparability and cross-crediting mechanisms, medium of instructions and delivery format, funding support from regional institutions.The mobility framework being proposed in this paper will serve as a guide to ASEAN TEIs, especially for the ASEAN Teacher Education Network (ASTEN) in implementing mobility programs for teacher education.


Original Research Article Background: Hypertension is of great concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart disease, stroke and other vascular complications. Community-based screen can improve the detection and treatment of Hypertension. As fewer studies have been undertaken in rural Bangladesh, it was decided to assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension particularly among the geriatric age group rural dwellers. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence and awareness of hypertension among geriatric age group to assess the adequacy of hypertension control and treatment, to see awareness and treatment pattern of hypertension among them in a rural area of Bangladesh. Methods & Materials: This was a descriptive, cross sectional and observational study. The study period was extended from 10 th May, 2013 to 10 th , November, 2013 for a period of 6 months. A total of 200 geriatric people were included in the study from Fazilpur village of Jamalpur district. Categorical variables ware reported as percentage and correlation was carried out using the chi-square test (X2-test) through determining the association of different variables by SPSS software version-16. Main outcome measure: patients related variables: age, sex, weight, and smoker or not and main outcome variables: prevalence of hypertension, its awareness, visit to registered physician, pattern of prescription follow, BP properly controlled or not. Result: Our present study has shown that 42.00% people have hypertension. It is more common among male (22.50%) than female (19.50%), study population was 200 of them male were (95) and female were (105). The ratio of male and female were almost equal. Among HTN patients 48 were preciously diagnosed and 36 was diagnosed during the study as spot diagnosis. Most HTN patients are in the age group of 60-69 years (total 60) and 71.42% of all hypertensive are of this age group. Average BMI of HTN patient is 24.30% in case of male and 22.86% in case of female. Hypertensive ware found to be more smokers and consumers of betel nut and tobacco leaf than normal people. Village doctors made 62.50% of diagnoses for hypertension and there high rates (42.85%) of undetected hypertension among the elderly. Conclusion: High rate of non detection and nonadherence to treatment was important findings of the study. The reasons for non adherence to treatment among geriatric population, mostly the people of low education need investigation. Screening the elderly for hypertension will benefit this group of people by reducing morbidity and mortality related to it and improves their quality of life. Here lies the room for behavior change communication and create awareness among general people about the importance of proper treatment of hypertension. Ensuring cheap supply of antihypertensive medication will also help persons from lower economic status.


Objective To investigate and explore the cure rate of astragalus and angelica on the treatment in patients with nephrotic syndrome(NS) and its mechanism.Methods The routine treatment with astragalus,angelica and simple routine treatment were taken in group A and group B respectively.The level of albuminuria,serum albumin before and after treatment were detected respectively.Results After treatment for 2~3 months,the rate of remission,obvious remission,part remission,inefficacy were 38.1%(8/21),33.3%(7/21),19.1%(4/21),9.5%(2/21) respectively.There was no significant difference in group A than that in group B(P0.05).For the levels of serum albumin after treatment there was very significant difference between two groups(P0.01).The change of living standard was better in group A than that in group B.Conclusion Astragalua and angelice increase the level of plasma albumin,and improve the living standard of the patients,and do not decrease the level of albuminuria directly.


As a key discursive nodal point of abnormal personhood, the homosexual has been featured in an extensive stream of Hollywood movies from the early 1940s onwards. More specifically, since the end of the 1960s, a series of mainstream U.S. films have come out about queer fraudsters. Impostors assume an inauthentic identity or character, pretending to be someone else than they "really" are. They pass as members of a certain class or high-status professions as part of their criminal means for material gain and upward mobility. If they are, simultaneously, queer, this means that they operate from a closet (Sedgwick) that masks both illegitimate identity and queer sexuality, the latter predominantly conceptualized as abnormal sexuality for long, and discursively assigned successfully to a specific kind of person, the modern homosexual (Foucault). Through their role-playing in everyday and even intimate relationships, fraudsters violate the moral guideline of authenticity prevailing in Western modernity, i.e. that of being true to one's own, unique self (Taylor 28), the realisation of a core self unhindered by societal forces (Kernis and Goldman 294). Authenticity is individualist and democratic in its setup, insofar as it prioritizes the autonomous individual over a conventional society, and posits an ultimate equality of all persons regardless of (ascribed or achieved) social status. Authenticity is easy to identify as an integral part of the founding national ethos of the US, the American Dream (Adams, cf. Hochschild), according to which success, prosperity, and happiness is achievable to every American through honest effort and hard work, made possible by an essentially egalitarian political, social, and economic system on which the US is supposedly founded. However, while the ideology of the Dream includes the valorization of the unique individual, the simultaneous centrality of achievement and upward mobility points towards an ethical tension between its individualism and materialism, between equality (of opportunity) as a principle and inequality as an outcome. The figure of the impostor embodies much of this tension between the ideal of the true self and that of success and upward mobility. I assume that the relevant stream of queer impostor films signifies a remarkable amount of libidinal investment on the part of U.S. culture in negotiating the relationship between homosexuality, class, authenticity, and as such, normative personhood in general. As extremely concentrated discursive matter on said concepts, such movies offer essential insight into the fluctuations of the moral imagery of (globalizing) US culture: What has homosexuality got to do with inauthenticity, illegitimate class/status identity, and criminality? How has the Homosexual been constructed as antithetical to the American national ethos, and later on perhaps, absolved of such charges? How and to what extent can the ideals of a non-hierarchical individual authenticity, on the one hand, and, on the other, the striving for conventional success and material comfort necessarily hierarchical in their outcome, be reconciled in the concept of the American Dream that wears the taglines of "equality" and "democracy"? Through exploring Something for Everyone (1970), Deathtrap (1982), Six Degrees of Separation (1993), The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), and I Love You Phillip Morris (2009) as moral visions on normative personhood, sexuality, and class, my aim is to disentangle some of the inner tensions of, and negotiations around, individual authenticity as essential to the American Dream.


A multivariate procedure, based on the procedure outlined by Campbell and Stanely, is developed for inferring a treatment effect in the single-group, quasi-experimental time-series design. This procedure, which takes into account the dependent nature of the observations in the time-series experiment, is particularly suitable when the data exhibit linear trends. It is shown that the test statistic has a F distribution, and the procedure is illustrated with an example.


High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmit signal is a major drawback of wavelet packet modulation (WPM). The article presents a new method to reduce PAPR by Linear Programming (LP) to select the optimal wavelet packet basis. Numerical and simulation results show the signal modulated by the selected wavelet packet basis has the optimal PAPR values with given wavelet packet tree space. In addition, this method has more efficiency without any degradation in bit error rate (BER) performance for the same bandwidth occupancy.


This volume is the third in the Routledge Modern and Contemporary Dramatists series, and the particular pairing of playwrights Susan Glaspell and Sophie Treadwell, the first women in the series, is fitting for a number of reasons. Glaspell and Treadwell are pivotal figures in the evolution of modern drama, whether one approaches their work from a feminist or, more generally, from an historical perspective. They have much in common – thematically, artistically, and politically: both essentially staged (and to varying degrees, lived) the tensions between the late-nineteenth century of their births and the modern era of their artistic production. As this volume makes clear, their work merits continued and careful study because they bridged realism and modernist experimentation as they explored a number of themes in common, including the rights and freedom of the individual versus the conventions of bourgeois society; the quest of women to live unencumbered by the stultifying effects of gender norms; and the contradictions inherent in American ideas about community, equality, and justice. Ozieblo and Dickey first present a clear, concise overview of the theatrical milieu in which Glaspell and Treadwell functioned as essential participants. The study then importantly foregrounds its consideration of these playwrights as feminist. We must, the authors point out, understand the feminist potential of Glaspell's and Treadwell's work in context, even if this understanding deviates from a popular critical scepticism as to what Patricia Schroeder has called the "feminist possibilities of dramatic realism." The authors demand that we not fall prey to a quick categorization of the work of the two playwrights; to do so would belie the struggle – in form, aesthetic, and idea – that is at the heart of their art. Each section of the book is authored by the more prominent scholar of the playwright in question: Ozieblo writes about Glaspell, Dickey about Treadwell. The sections are structured similarly, moving through biography, discussions of the playwright's shorter and longer theatrical works, and finally, more detailed examinations of the key plays. This design suggests another strength of the book: it anticipates the needs of its multiple audiences. For example, because each section culminates with the REVIEWS


* National Tsinghua University, Taiwan. * National Tsinghua University, Taiwan. Email: email@example.com 1 It is surely no accident that the functional word do as a kind of modal elements has to appear in the formation of imperative negatives in English. Likewise, in Romance languages like Spanish a negative word cannot co-occur with the imperative form of a verb to yield imperative negatives. Rather, the verb has to take on the subjunctive mood to be fit for the formation of imperative negatives. (Zanuttini 1997) 2 The spelling of Southern Min in this paper is based on the Church Romanization codified in Douglas (1873). Some adjustments have been made. In particular, the diacritic tone marks have been superseded by numerical superscripts. The superscripts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 stand for the tone categories: yin-ping, yin-shang, yin-qu, yin-ru, yang-ping,


Three columns under the above rubric appeared in the June and December 1968 and March 1969 issues of Notes, the hope being expressed at the time that the column would continue on a regular quarterly basis. That such has not been the case has been due in part to day-to-day work pressures on the writer, in part to the failure of Notes readers to indicate topics that they would desire to have discussed in this column, and in part to unwillingness on the part of the writer to fill this space with technical-economic trivia. It is my opinion that a record-industry column for Notes should deal with major developments and broad issues as they affect the music and phonorecord librarian. Therefore, unless mail response dictates otherwise, "Record-Industry Notes" will appear as an occasional rather than a quarterly feature. Over the past twelve months a number of major issues have begun coming to a head, largely as the result of further developments in tape cassette technology, but also as the result of further legislative developments relative to the 30 December 1969 draft of the Copyright Revision Law S. 543, not to mention pending trends and developments within the record industry itself. A number of major articles and papers published within the past year reflect these developments. These include the paper "Legal Problems of Recorded Sound Material Librarians" given by the prominent copyright and recording-industry attorney H. William Krasilovsky in New York before the 16 October 1969 meeting of the Association for Recorded Sound Collections (ARSC) and scheduled for publication in the Performing Arts Review; the highly provocative editorial by James Goodfriend in the February 1970 issue of Stereo Review (pp. 43-45), coming to grips with the archiving and legitimate dissemination of private, "pirate," and out-of-print sound recordings; and the summary (together with recommendations) of Gene Bruck's Rockefeller-Foundation-financed survey of manufacture and distribution problems of contemporary American music recordings ("New Hope for Modem Music," in the 1970 Annual Directory Issue of Musical America, pp. 76-78).


The purpose of the electrometallurgical treatment technology being developed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is to convert certain spent nuclear fuels into waste forms that are suitable for disposal in a geological repository for nuclear waste. The spent fuels of interest are those that cannot be safely stored for a long time in their current condition, and those that cannot be qualified for repository disposal. This paper explores the possibility of applying this electrometallurgical treatment technology to immobilization of surplus fissile materials, primarily plutonium. Immobilization of surplus fissile materials by electrometallurgical treatment could be done in the same facilities, at the same time. and in the same equipment as the proposed treatment of the present inventory of spent nuclear fuel. The cost and schedule savings of this simultaneous treatment scheme would be significant.


Objective
To explore the application and choice of latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap and thoracodorsal artery perforator flap in different wound repair.

Methods
From March 2012 to February 2018, 8 cases of different wounds were repaired with island latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap pedicled with dorsal thoracic artery, free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, or thoracodorsal artery perforator flap combined with scapular flap. The patients includes 4 cases of trauma, 2 cases of tumor and 2 cases of osteomyelitis. Among them, 5 cases received pedicled grafting, 2 cases had anastomotic vascular free grafting combined with antibiotic bone cement chain bead, 1 case had thoracodorsal artery perforator flap combined with scapular flap.

Results
All 9 flaps of 8 patients survived. The size of the flaps ranged from 22.0 cm×7.5 cm to 28.0 cm×21.0 cm. All the donor and recipient areas healed well. After 2 months to 2 years follow up, all flaps have good blood supply, and the limbs′ function was normal. The appearance of flaps were satisfactory, with fully treated osteomyelitis, and no recurrence of the tumor was observed.

Conclusions
According to wound characteristics, selective application of thoracodorsal artery perforator flap, pedicled or free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is effective for the repair of muscle, skin and soft tissue defects, as well as osteomyelitis, after tumor resection.

Key words:
Surgical flap; Latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap; Thoracodorsal artery perforator flap; External injury; Osteomyelitis; Tumor


A historical overview of the leech fauna of Morocco, based on both literature data, museum collections and new material, sampled in more than 100 sites in the Moulouya River basin (eastern region of Morocco), is provided. Twenty species from five families and ten genera are currently known, of which Helobdella europea Kutschera, 1987, is a new record for the country and North Africa as a whole. Herein, we add many new distribution records. The current list will need to be revised as new species distributions are recorded in the region. Notes on the species distribution are given along with comments on their habitat preferences. A concise biogeographic analysis outlines the similarities in the distribution of some species at regional and continental scales. This contribution is intended to provide information concerning the leech fauna of Morocco and is considered a foundation for future studies.


lateral dystopia canthorum, abnormal pigmentation (heterochromia irides, white forelock and/or hypopigmented macules on the skin), broad nasal root, synophrys and sensorineural deafness.1–6 However, the clinical features are variable and these stigmata may be present in any combination and degree. Major manifestations of small patella syndrome (SPS) are hypoplasia of patellae and pelvic dysplasia.1,3,7,8 The mode of inheritance of both syndromes is autosomal dominant.3 In the present paper, we report a very interesting case in whom both syndromes, WSI and SPS, were observed.


We present a phenomenological analysis of the π + π - photoproduction data obtained by the CLAS collaboration at the Thomas Jefferson Laboratory. A special emphasis is put on the interference pattern observed in the moments of angular distribution for the π + π - efective masses around 1 GeV. This pattern is attributed to the photoproduction of the scalar-isoscalar resonance f 0 (980). By fitting the model parameters to the data we obtain the strengths of the resonant and nonresonant parts of the S-wave photoproduction amplitude. We calculate the f 0 (980) photoproduction cross section which is smaller than previous estimations by a factor of about 5. A new estimation of the product of the σ meson couplings to nucleon and to the γρ system |g NNσ g γρσ | is given.


Autoregressive models are a class of exact inference approaches with highly flexible functional forms, yielding state-of-the-art density estimates for natural images. Yet, the sequential ordering on the dimensions makes these models computationally expensive and limits their applicability to low-resolution imagery. In this work, we propose PixelPyramids,1 a block-autoregressive approach employing a lossless pyramid decomposition with scale-specific representations to encode the joint distribution of image pixels. Crucially, it affords a sparser dependency structure compared to fully autoregressive approaches. Our PixelPyramids yield state-of-the-art results for density estimation on various image datasets, especially for high-resolution data. For CelebA-HQ 1024 × 1024, we observe that the density estimates (in terms of bits/dim) are improved to ~44% of the baseline despite sampling speeds superior even to easily parallelizable flow-based models.


We consider finite noncooperative N person games with fixed numbers mi, i = 1,…,N, of pure strategies of Player i. We propose the following question: is it possible to extend the vector space of finite noncooperative (m1 × m2 ×⋯ × mN)-games in mixed strategies such that all games of a broader vector space of noncooperative N person games on the product of unit (mi − 1)-dimensional simplices have Nash equilibrium points? We get a necessary and sufficient condition for the negative answer. This condition consists of a relation between the numbers of pure strategies of the players. For two-person games the condition is that the numbers of pure strategies of the both players are equal.


T ransfusion of blood to the wrong patient is an important avoidable serious hazard of transfusion. It results from errors at any stage in the transfusion process, including blood sample collection, laboratory testing, blood retrieval from blood refrigerators, and during the pretransfusion bedside check. The risk of wrong transfusion is far greater than the risk of human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis C virus transmission by blood. It is one of the two leading causes of death from transfusion reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States and to the Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) in the United Kingdom. Other sources report very similar results. Based on events recognized and reported to New York State, Linden and colleagues calculated that the risk of ABO mistransfusion was 1 in 12,000 units. The hemovigilance program in Quebec identified wrong transfusion as the most common major adverse event, and similar findings have been reported in France. However, the true incidence of wrong transfusion is even higher than that reported to hemovigilance programs due to failure to recognize many events. Baele and colleagues uncovered numerous wrong transfusions that were unrecognized. With active tracking of bedside errors by an independent observer, they estimated that the frequency of some form of error in bedside blood administration was 30-fold higher than those reported using current passive reporting systems. Measurement of error rates provides an important quality indicator of transfusion practice, but monitoring of transfusion practice particularly at the bedside may require additional staff as observers, and even then it may only be possible to observe a small proportion of transfusions in large hospitals. Our group and others have taken advantage of new technology and developed electronic transfusion management systems for safe transfusion practice. We previously reported the full implementation of our system throughout the hospitals in Oxfordshire. This article describes how we take advantage of the system to monitor hospital transfusion practice outside the blood bank and how we use routinely collected data to identify procedural errors as soon as possible after they occur so that corrective actions can be implemented where necessary.


Pineal parenchymal tumor with intermediate differentiation (PPTID) is an uncommonlesion of the brain with a controversial management strategy. The aim of this study wasto analyse the role of chemo-radiotherapy for a PPTID patient at the institution with onecase report treated by multidisciplinary team.


The unconventional technology for blocking up the diversion tunnel of Yuejiahe Hydropower Station in Hefeng County of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture,is adopted.Firstly,laying steel pipe in the tunnel for construction diversion;then placing concrete to block up the tunnel step by step; the concrete is delivered through the tunnel entrance;and finally the tunnel is completely blocked up without service gate.


An explosion has recently occurred at a silo containing refuse-derived fuels (RDF) in Japan. There is a possibility that microorganisms are involved in generation of combustible gas from RDF and this study was aimed at showing the presence of bacteria that can ferment RDF pellets. All RDF samples tested contained a relatively high number of viable bacterial cells, 1.4×105 to 3.2×106 viable cells/g. These bacteria in the RDF samples fermented them to generate heat and hydrogen gas.


The effect of the inner porous refractories-molten steel reaction on the incidence of blisters and the mechanism whereby the incidence of blisters is prevented by using an immersion nozzle with a silicaless inner porous refractories that does not react with the molten steel were studied. The following results were obtained:(1) Blisters are caused by 0.5 mm and larger argon gas bubbles, and particularly 1.0 mm and larger argon gas bubbles have a strong bearing on the incidence of blisters in the sheet product.(2) The mechanism whereby the incidence of blisters depends on the number of sequence cast heats can be explained by the increase in argon gas bubble diameter caused by the inner porous refractories-molten steel reaction in the later heats in the sequence cast.(3) Fine argon gas bubbles can be stably introduced into the molten steel by using an immersion nozzle with a silicaless inner porous refractories that does not react with the molten steel. This stable injection of fine argon gas bubbles helps prevent the occurrence of blisters in the sheet product.


The reversible thermal spin transition which occurs in [Fe(phen)(2)(NCS)(2)] around T-1/2 similar to 177 K has been investigated by muon spin relaxation (muSR) (similar to10-280 K). The depolarisation curves are well described by two Lorentzian lines represent fast and slow components in the decay curves, with the initial asymmetry parameter of the fast component found to track the spin transition in [Fe(phen)2(NCS),]. Comparison of zero-field and transverse field (20 Oe) muSR measurements shows that diamagnetic muonic species occur over the entire temperature range.


Summary
Grass-dwarf and normal genotypes have similar peroxidase levels when grown at 26°C. Higher levels of peroxidase activity were found in grass-dwarf lines induced to remain vegetative at low temperatures of 15°C than in the same lines grown at 26°C which is adequate for reproductive development. Peroxidase activity was greatest at 15°C in Type I grass-dwarf genotypes and progressively lower in Type II, Type III and normal parental genotypes after 7 weeks' growth. This promises a quantitative method for distinguishing different types of grass-dwarf genotypes at an early stage of growth.

Heating the shoot apical meristem of grass-dwarf genotypes to 26°C induced reproductive development and reduced peroxidase activity below that in unheated vegetative grass-dwarf plants.


In his 1996 essay "Writing on the Cusp: Double Alterity and Minority Discourse in Appalachia," Richard Cunningham urges Appalachian writers to start writing about, and therefore defining, themselves: "we Appalachian writers are en(cou)raged to fill in the blanks ourselves ... to displace the categories of domination in both directions and thereby to push open not a vacuum but a creative space" (46). The directions Cunningham refers to are the North and the South; while the North uses the stereotypes of Appalachia to characterize all of the Southern United States, the South displaces those caricatures solely on the Appalachian people themselves, making them akin to "an Other's Other" (42). Elsewhere, Cunningham, like many Appalachian scholars, has noted that Appalachian people are frequently portrayed "as never really moving beyond some 'classic' period" ("Appalachianism" 127). Appalachian people are "Others" who are "not regarded as adults but as children ... not as legitimate offshoots but as arrested earlier forms--not as rejected brothers but contemporary ancestors" (129). Appalachian literature written by Appalachians, according to Cunningham, would resist the definitions and stereotypes imposed on Appalachia by both the North and the South. Cunningham is clear that what he is calling for has already begun at the time "Writing on the Cusp" was published in 1996. As an example, he points to Lee Smith's Oral History (1983). It is no surprise that Cunningham chooses a novel by Smith, who was born and raised in Grundy, Virginia. She is perhaps the best-known Appalachian writer outside of Appalachia, and one of the most championed authors inside Appalachia. Oral History is a particularly important novel for Smith's career, and for the way readers imagine Appalachia. The novel was a Book-of-the-Month featured selection, giving her national exposure she had not previously enjoyed. But it is more than simply the popularity of the novel, and its author, which led Cunningham to select it as his primary example of Appalachian writers "filling the blank." Citing an unnamed "native Appalachian reviewer," Cunningham argues that Oral History is "a pastiche of every kind of stereotypical writing about Appalachia in the past hundred years" (47). Drawing attention to the unreliability of the narrators, and by extension, the stereotypical writing from which the narrative voices are drawn, points to what is left unsaid. According to Cunningham, readers "begin to hear the whispers of the authentic voice underneath, a voice present by erasure--a blankness made articulate" (48). A crucial part of this narrative strategy is the character of Richard Burlage. Unlike most of the characters in Oral History, Richard does not grow up in Appalachia. He is an upper-class man from the city of Richmond, come to Black Rock as a school teacher in the early twentieth century. Cunningham equates Richard's journals to those of anthropologists and journalists who condescendingly write about Appalachia as "local colour." Cunningham argues that by making Richard's voice just as unreliable as the residents of Hoot Holler, if not more so, Smith resists dominant narratives about Appalachia. Most critics of the novel agree with Cunningham's assessment. For example, Suzanne Jones suggests that Smith uses Richard and Jennifer, another outsider character, "to examine the causes and consequences of typical twentieth-century perceptions of Appalachia ... revealing the naivete and the condescension that often characterize the outsider's perception of mountain people" (102). Likewise, Paula Gallant Eckard argues that while Richard "is a product of powerful Western influences and Latinate education, he is a kind of Other, a true outsider in the mountain community" ("Prismatic Past" 126). This is the dominant interpretation of Richard's role in the novel: as stand-in for outsiders who perpetuate the condescending narrative of Appalachian people as part of a contemporary past. …


The author observed 61 multi-substance abusers with a mean length of abuse of 16 years who were tested with two psychometric tests to predict completion of a 3-week post-detoxification, residential counseling period. Age at entry, length of abusing career, and number of previous detoxifi-cations at the facility did not discriminate between completers and noncompleters of the counseling period. In women, 54% and in men, 79% completed the residential period. Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-24) scores indicated psychological stress in both groups but not significantly more in noncompleters. However, Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale differentiated significantly between groups. Noncompleters had a mean score of 2.72 vs. completers' 31- This difference indicates less manageability, comprehensibility, arid meaning in the lives of noncompleters. Although the HSCL did not differ between groups, the level of distress was high in both groups. Thus, using both tests may give clinicians a tool to predict early dr...


Abstract Daraa City is widely known as the birthplace of the Syrian uprising. The uprising, which was initially motivated by high-minded ideas and opposition to the arbitrary violence of an authoritarian state, rapidly degenerated into a civil war orientated by external agendas and priorities. In this paper, I want to situate Daraa governorate at the centre of this development, with the intention of highlighting how the course of events in this small part of Syria had vital implications for the development of the Syrian Civil War. In seeking to develop an analysis of the interplay of internal dynamics and external influences, i seek to 'reconcile' the 'micro' and 'macro' dimensions of civil war, and also draw on contributions to the peacebuilding literature, and this enables me to reconceptualise the relationship between 'internal' and 'external' drivers of conflict.


Students are matched with industry partners in a design factory to solve problems. The design factory NZ aims to steadily increase student participation in the design factory with each passing semester. It has been observed that the design factory has not attracted the number of students that they initially expected. Now that Design Factory NZ has had two successful semesters (and has commenced the third semester), an opportunity has arisen to gain further understanding of the factors that may affect future student recruitment.


Teacher-training education is the foundation for the development of education. How to raise the quality of enrollment by teachers colleges and train competent people's teachers is an issue crying for solution.


The increased soil cohesion or reinforcement provided by roots varies among plant species and soil types. This study compared the contribution of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and lodgepol...


Named Entity Recognition (NER) is the task of identifying and classifying all proper nouns in a document as person names, organization names, location names, date & time expressions and miscellaneous. Previous work (Cucerzan and Yarowsky, 1999) was done using the complete words as features which suffers from a low recall problem. Character n-gram based approach (Klein et al., 2003) using generative models, was experimented on English language and it proved to be useful over the word based models. Applying the same technique on Indian Languages, we experimented with Conditional Random Fields (CRFs), a discriminative model, and evaluated our system on two Indian Languages Telugu and Hindi. The character n-gram based models showed considerable improvement over the word based models. This paper describes the features used and experiments to increase the recall of Named Entity Recognition Systems which is also language independent.


levobupivacaine drug information leaflet provided in the multi-pack box, which mentions: "A sterile blister container should be chosen when a sterile ampoule surface is required. Ampoule surface is not sterile if sterile blister is pierced". It is our opinion that the labelling of levobupivacaine ampoule blister packs is ambiguous, resulting in confusion about ampoule sterility. We therefore suggest the manufacturer consider modifying levobupivacaine ampoule/blister pack labels to state clearly that the ampoules are sterile.


Androgen receptor (AR) is the principal molecule in prostate cancer (PCa) etiology and therapy. AR re‐activation still remains a major challenge during treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) tumors that relapse after castration therapies. Recent reports have indicated the enrichment of Ser81‐phosphorylated AR (pS81) in the nucleus of CRPC cells, and CDK1 and CDK9 as the kinases phosphorylating AR at S81. In the current study we showed that pS81 is preferentially localized in the nucleus in both rapid biopsy metastatic CRPC samples and PCa xenografts, and nuclear pS81 localization is correlated with AR transactivation in tumor xenografts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis demonstrated an alignment of S81 phosphorylation and AR‐mediated transactivation with the chromatin locus openness. Moreover, pS81‐specific ChIP‐Seq showed a disproportional occupancy of pS81 on AR‐activated promoters, while 3C‐ChIP assays further indicated an enrichment of pS81 at the PSA enhancer‐promoter loop, a known AR activating hub. In the latter, CDK9 was shown to modulate the transactivation of the AR and RNA Pol II. Indeed, ChIP and re‐ChIP assays also confirmed that AR‐dependent activation of the PSA enhancer and promoter mediated by pS81 was coupled with activation of Pol II and the pTEFb complex. Mechanistically, we determined that CDK1 and CDK9 sustained the pS81 AR modification in the soluble and chromatin‐bound fractions of PCa cells, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that CDK1 activity was maintained throughout the cell cycle, and that CDK1 inhibitors restored androgen sensitivity in CRPC tumor cells. Based on these findings, CDK1 and CDK9 could be targeted as pS81 kinases in patients with CRPC, either alone or in conjunction with direct AR antagonists.


Mini-magnetosphere, that is magnetic field inflated by the injection of plasma have several applications key to the exploration of space, including radiation shielding and augmentation of spacecraft thrust through momentum coupling with the solar wind. The systems are important because this inflation can be done without large mechanical structures and as such represent an example of a transformable technology. This paper uses multi-fluid simulations to detail the physics behind the inflation and the requirements to produce deflection of solar wind and other energetic particles. It is shown that the inflation itself is associated with the formation of a diamagnetic cavity that produces the rearrangement of the magnetic field both in front of an behind the magnet, and that this rearrangement greatly enhances the ability of the system to deflect charges particles in the forward direction. The solar wind adds momentum into the system to produce a 100:1 leverage on the thrust of the system, and adds energy to increase the magnetic field energy density so that is ability to defied energetic particles is further increased above what the mini-magnetosphere can do alone. Radiation shielding of GeV particles then becomes possible at 100's kW power levels.


Contents: Preface. Introduction: A Unified Theory of Literacy. Historical and Philosophical Background. Dual Coding in Literacy. Meaning and Comprehension. Memory and Remembering. The Reading Process. Written Composition. Educational Implications.


In this paper we model macroeconomic instability as the outcome of the dynamical interaction between debt accumulation and the "state of confidence" in a small open economy with a super-fixed exchange rate arrangement. Our analysis is set in a theoretical framework where balance-sheets effects govern external financing to firms and the state of confidence is largely pro-cyclical. We analyse the conditions for the dominance of unstable chains in the out-of-equilibrium dynamics which determine financial fragility, systemic instability and, as a consequence, macroeconomic stabilization puzzle. Indeed, the choice of a tight fiscal policy is likely to be destabilizing inasmuch as it exacerbates the liquidity crunch taking place in the course of a recession. At the same time, a reduction in interest rates may not be sufficient to switch off macroeconomic instability, and a direct stimulus to aggregate expenditure may be required to avoid an economic collapse. We conduct an "experimental" study with reference to Argentina during the currency board years in order to understand what the implications would have been for dynamical stability of "appropriate" monetary and fiscal policies oriented to macroeconomic stabilization. Our empirical results are based on the sensitivity analysis of a continuous-time econometric model and confirm the dangerousness of conventional austerity policies in times of recession.


The research intended to analyze the overreaction phenomenon in Islamic stocks due to COVID-19 as well as the influencing factors by utilizing different test methods and cross-sectional regression. The research employed data on the daily stock prices from August 9th, 2019 to October 26th, 2020 on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) and the stocks utilized during the period of events. The sample of this research utilized seven events related to COVID-19. The findings of this research reveals that the announcement of COVID-19 transmission and lockdown (Event 2) causes overreaction in winner stocks. Meanwhile, the overreaction phenomenon of loser stock is due to the announcement of the United States fiscal stimulus (Event 5) and the announcement of the PSBB (Event 6). Furthermore, the new normal announcement event (Event 7) triggers overreaction in the winner and loser stocks. The results indicate that Islamic stocks continue to have several transactions which are prohibited by the Fatwa DSN MUI in the short term. In this case, the variables that impact the overreaction phenomenon are shown to be substantially and negatively linked to leverage and market capitalization, while trading volume significantly influences and has a positive correlation with the overreaction phenomenon.


This article attempted to define health, health care and health systems and further discussed health reconstruction approaches and why it is important, particularly in post war situations and more specifically in the context of the post war health system development and strengthening in Uganda. In a bid to interrogate to what extent women's health and gender perspectives have been integrated in post conflict reconstruction in Uganda, this article further adopted a gender lens to examine the health sector plans in Uganda.


We have investigated the interaction of two counterpropagating focused laser beams with vacuum at electro-magnetic-field strengths far below the Schwinger limit. Unlike the case of a single beam, the polarization and magnetization in vacuum that interacts with the two laser beams are mainly generated by electro-magnetic-field components parallel to the electromagnetic field of the incident laser light. This results in much greater polarization and magnetization being generated than for a single beam. The number of photons radiated from a vacuum when counterpropagating beams were used was more than 3 orders of magnitude higher than when a single beam was used for the same laser power.


Although we may disagree about the means and the ends of education, Aristotle says, there is no disagreement that "the legislator should direct his attention above all to the education of youth; for the neglect of education does harm to the constitution." Since the youth of today become the citizens who will rule tomorrow, each society has a vested interest in ensuring that its unique character will continue and improve with each succeeding generation. Because the character of a society is at stake, because education serves the common good, education "should be public, and not private—not, as at present, when every one looks after his own children separately, and gives them separate instruction of the sort which he thinks best; the training in things which are of common interest should be the same for all" (Politics VIII, 1, 1305 [1941 edition]). Five of the essays and reviews in this issue of Schools reconstruct the ancient philosopher's concerns about education in raising questions about policy and practice in the present. When we legislate priorities for our schools, whose interests are we serving? We want our children to excel, but excel at what? Do we want our schools to respond to the demands of individuals, or do we want our schools to embody and serve values that we share? How do we want to shape the availability of education for our youth? Above all, do we want to pursue separate education according to private interests, or do we want our schools to be public institutions that serve and implement the common good? As the articles in this issue attest, these questions have become pressing in many nations, from the United States to Finland, China, Japan, and Chile. Educators in these countries and in many others are concerned about the


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global public health problem, with significant morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease during CKD progression and due to kidney failure. Although non-diabetic CKD accounts for up to 70% of the global CKD burden, its clinical consequences are poorly understood, and data are needed to help identify individuals at high risk of adverse outcomes. This analysis uses real-world evidence to provide insights into clinical characteristics, care and outcomes in individuals with non-diabetic CKD in routine clinical practice.

 Individual-level data from the US administrative claims database, Optum Clinformatics Data Mart, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2018 were analysed. Adults with non-diabetic CKD stage 3 or 4 and ≥365 days continuous insurance coverage were included and followed until insurance disenrollment, end of data availability or death. Individuals with diabetes mellitus, CKD stage 5 or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) prior to the index date, or who experienced kidney failure (acute or unspecified), kidney transplant or dialysis in the baseline period, were excluded from the analysis. Study outcomes, captured in the database, were defined using common clinical coding systems. Primary outcomes were hospitalisation for heart failure (HHF), a kidney composite of ESKD/kidney failure/need for dialysis, and worsening of CKD stage from baseline. Individual CKD stage was assigned based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values (priority) or the respective International Classification of Diseases code at index and during follow-up. Further prespecified kidney outcomes included individual components of the kidney composite, acute kidney injury, and absolute and relative change in eGFR from baseline. Event-based outcomes were assessed by time-to-first-event analysis. Summary statistics for time-course analysis of metric outcomes were generated on a quarterly basis.

 In total, 504,924 of 64 million individuals in the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart satisfied the selection criteria. Over a median follow-up of 744 (interquartile range 328–1432) days, the incidence rates of primary outcomes of HHF, the kidney composite and worsening of CKD stage from baseline were 3.95, 10.33 and 4.38 events/100 patient-years (PY), respectively.
 The incidence rates of the components of the kidney composite outcome, namely ESKD/need for dialysis, kidney failure (acute and unspecified) and need for dialysis were 1.78, 9.53 and 0.49 events/100 PY, respectively. Kidney failure events were driven mainly by acute kidney injury, with an incidence of 8.61 events/100 PY.
 In individuals with at least one available eGFR value at baseline and one value during follow-up (n=295,174), the incidence rates of relative decreases in eGFR of ≥30%, ≥40% and ≥57% from baseline were 1.98, 0.97 and 0.30 events/100 PY, respectively; in this cohort, more rapid eGFR decline was associated with increased risk of HHF and the kidney composite outcome. In individuals with a baseline eGFR value and at least one follow-up eGFR value and an available urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (n=25,824), time-course analysis of eGFR showed that eGFR decline mostly occurred in individuals with moderately-to-severely increased albuminuria (≥30 mg/g).

 This analysis generates real-world evidence on clinical outcomes in a cohort of individuals with non-diabetic CKD treated in routine clinical practice in the US. Despite known limitations of claims databases (e.g. low availability of some laboratory data, limited individual follow-up time and tactical coding), individuals with moderate-to-severe non-diabetic CKD are shown to be at high risk of serious clinical outcomes. This highlights the high unmet medical need, and urgency for new treatments and targeted interventions for patients with non-diabetic CKD.


Ojective:To explore the way of isolation and culture of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) from human umibilical cord blood(UCB).Method:The UCB mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation(1.077g/cm~3),and the pltated in culture flasks in expansion medium that consists of DEME and 20% fetal bovine serum.The nonadherent cells were put into others flasks with medium change after 48 hours.Do the same thing after 96 hours.The adherent cells were observed and their immunophenotypes were detected by flow-cytometry.Results:After 12 h,when the UCB mononuclear cells were cultured in the medium,the adherent cells were found.Most cells adhering to flasks took place in 96 hours.Few cell adhered to flask after 96 hours.The morphology of the adherent cells in the first and second 48 hours would be uniform after cultured in medium.The positive ratio of CD_(44) and CD_(34) within mononuclear cells were 7.1% and 28.9%.There were 47.2% CD_(44)~+ cells and 6.7% CD_(34)~+ within the first 48 hours adherent cells,while 53.3% and 4.6% in the second 48 hours adherent cells.Conclusion:Human MSCs can be isolated from human cord blood by using gradient centrifuging and directly adhering.


The present invention relates to a solid fuel which comprises algae mass with oil, natural oil having calorific value of more than or equal to 3,800 kcal/kg, oil sludge thereof, and fuel additives, and can substitute fossil fuel because of having excellent calorific value. The solid fuel according to the present invention can unlimitedly proliferate by photosynthesizing, is environmentally friendly and has excellent calorific value because of recycling agriculture waste by using algae mass with oil which would allow mass production in a short period of time at various environments, natural oil having calorific value of more than or equal to 3,800 kcal/kg, and oil sludge.


This paper extends the previous results to complete the analysis of air-to-air message-overlap statistics using a graphical method. The extension takes into account, critical factors such as radio frequency propagation and receiver characteristics to provide better estimates of the message-overlap statistics. An aviation communications system operating in a high-density traffic environment is used for the analysis. It is shown that the statistical Poisson distribution still provides a good fit for the results. The cumulative message-overlap statistics is found to provide useful information regarding the multi-message decoding capability of a special type of receiver as an approach to improve the system performance.


The emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR) has raised public health concern about global control of TB. Our objective was to estimate the incidence of XDR-TB as compared to susceptible controls from TB patients in Tehran-Iran between 2006 and 2009.Sputum culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST) was done for patients with known or suspected TB. The strains that were identified as MDR were subjected to susceptibility testing for second-line drugs. Of 1126 culture-positive cases with first line drug susceptibility test, 91(8.08%) were Non-tuberculosis (Atypical) isolates, 8(0.7%) M. bovis and 1027(91.2%) M. tuberculosis. We detected MDR-TB in 26 patients (2.5%), of whom 2(7.7%) had XDR-TB. One of the XDR-TB patients with positive HIV infection died. This study cannot give an indication of XDR-TB rates in Iran. However, the results of this study document the existence of XDR-TB in Iran and indicate a need for surveillance data to define the magnitude and trends of this serious, contagious disease.


Mobile networks have gained tremendous momentum in recent years due to both the wide proliferation of mobile devices as well as the ubiquitous availability of network services. Although recent years have seen major and remarkable developments in the field of mobile networking technologies, quality of experience (QoE) and quality of protection (QoP) issues in mobile networks have attracted less attention so far. QoE is a subjective measure of a customer's experiences perceived from a certain part of the entire network design. Quality of protection (QoP) is a measure of the security benefits provided by the security approaches. QoE and QoP are closely coupled concepts, which are expected to describe the trade-off of service utility and security in emerging mobile networks.


We have grown GaN layers with in-situ SiN mask by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and study the physical properties of the GaN layer. We have also investigate the effect of the SiN mask on its optical property. By inserting a SiN mask, (102) the full width at half maximum (FWHM) decreased from 480 arcsec to 409 arcsec and threading dislocation (TD) density decreased from . The PL intensity of GaN with SiN mask improved 2 times to that without SiN mask. We have thus shown that the SiN mask improved significantly the physical and optical properties of the GaN layer.


This working paper first outlines the contours of a discourse analytical approach to the study of legitimation processes and then presents findings from a quantitative analysis of legitimacy-related communication in selected print media of the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and the United States in 2004. Our data suggest considerable differences between the three countries with regard to levels of (de)legitimation, privileged legitimation resources, and legitimation styles. The micro dynamics of legitimation processes in 2004 were characterised by nationally specific legitimation attention cycles. References to internationalisation and deparliamentarisation - two trends that are often held responsible for a severe legitimacy crisis of the nation state and representative democracy - play no more than a marginal role in legitimacy discourses. We conclude that evidence for a pervasive and full-fledged erosion of the nation state's legitimacy - or a uniform shift from input to output legitimation - is scant.


Lithium-mediated reduction of dinitrogen is a promising method to evade electron-stealing hydrogen evolution, a critical challenge which limits faradaic efficiency (FE) and thus hinders the success of traditional protic-solvent-based ammonia electro-synthesis. A viable implementation of the lithium-mediated pathway using lithium-ion conducting glass ceramics involves i) lithium deposition, ii) nitridation, and iii) ammonia formation. Ammonia was successfully synthesized from molecular nitrogen and water, yielding a maximum FE of 52.3 %. With an ammonia synthesis rate comparable to previously reported approaches, the fairly high FE demonstrates the possibility of using this nitrogen fixation strategy as a substitute for firmly established, yet exceedingly complicated and expensive technology, and in so doing represents a next-generation energy storage system.


This dissertation is the result of a research focused on the issue of psychosis within the field of psychoanalysis. In it, wondered about the place that occupied psychosis in Freud's work, fundamental theoretical reference for psychoanalysts. In the first revision of Freudian texts dealing with the issue, we find a movement that combines approaches and departures in terms of differences and similarities between the defense mechanism employed by the psychoses and neuroses, the latter considering the clinical matrix from which part to Freud the construction of his theory. With this, we discuss about the place in psychoanalysis of psychosis taking as reference the category of the uncanny. For this purpose, initially investigates the way in which Freud conceptualizes the category of the uncanny in his work, linking it to castration anxiety. Also, he talks about the contributions Lacanian odd about the affect of anxiety. Armed with these notions, the work of Freud on psychoses are reflected in the search for a glimpse, in his effort to theorization, establishing a relationship of uncannyment between them, the neuroses and ordinary life.Finally, it reflects on the implications that this reading of Freud's work is with regard to the notion of castration in psychoanalysis and its effects in the clinic.


In the United States, there is evidence that the Advent Movement of 1843 and 1844 secured its most general acceptance among the lower classes. The Seventh-day Adventist Church, most sizeable present-day survivor of this movement, recruited a great deal of its early membership from among farmers and other lower-middle class occupational groups. Whether upward social mobility could be expected in a group whose doctrines tended to make them obviously different from other Protestants might be subject to question. The observance of Saturday as a day of rest rather than Sunday, rigid prohibition of alcohol and tobacco, very specific church attitudes toward diet, wearing of jewelry, divorce, and other matters-all these might be expected to retard among Seventh-day Adventists a process of upward movement in society. A recent study provides data bearing on this question.


Spheroidal clusters of cells are mimicking physiological tissues, while retaining the advantages of in vitro cell culture in terms of simplicity and reproducibility.1 Here, we integrated an optical tissue clearing process, named CLARITY2 on a microfluidic large-scale integration (mLSI) chip platform in order to facilitate rapid immuno-staining of proteins in spheroids. With this method we overcome the drawbacks of densely packed lipid bilayers that act as diffusion barriers for molecular probes and the limits of optical penetration of light into spheroids.


These guidelines update the 2008 UK guideline for the management of sexually acquired reactive arthritis. The guideline is aimed at those over the age of 16 years, presenting to healthcare professionals working in sexual health services. The recommendations are primarily aimed at services offering level 3 care in sexually transmitted infection management within the United Kingdom. However, the principles will apply to those presenting to level 1 and 2 services, and appropriate local referral pathways will need to be developed.


Effects of different drying methods on the quality of carrots by Hot-air drying,Infrared ray drying,Adsorption drying and Microwave drying were studied in the paper.Drying rate,the retention of Vitamin c,rehydration characteristics and sensory quality of dried carrots were researched.The results showed that the Infrared ray drying had the fastest drying rate and better rehydration characteristics.Adsorption drying had the advantage on the retention of Vitamin c and the sensor quality.


The question of mourning continues to be central to contemporary debates about postmodernity and globalization. Considerable attention has been given to this question in the widely influential writings of German critical theory and French poststructuralism. 'Coming to terms with the past' has been a preoccupation of writing about history and film, particularly films about the Holocaust and the war in Vietnam. Exploring the places where these theories of mourning and media converge and where they differ also constitutes a productive area of research. But what can mourning tell us about contemporary media and its roles in the restructuring of global capitalism?


The application discloses a safety verification method and device, a terminal and a server. The method comprises the following steps of: when a terminal user performs safety verification, performing local verification through updating of a verification manner, and acquiring a local verification result; encrypting the local verification result according to stored replacement credential information and acquiring an encrypted verification result; and sending the encrypted verification result, the local verification result and user information of the terminal user to the server to enable the server to determine that the local verification result is credible when the verification of the encrypted verification result through the replacement credential information corresponding to the user information is successful. Through adoption of the method and the device, a malicious third party cannot acquire the replacement credential information, and even if the malicious third party acquires the local verification result, safety verification cannot be completed, so that the safety verification reliability is improved, and the access security of network applications is ensured.


1969. Comparison of the fine structure of spores of three species of Minchinia (Haplosporida, Haplosporidiidae). J. Parasit. 55: 921-941. SPRAGUE, V. 1963. Revision of genus Haplosporidium and restoration of genus Minchinia (Haplosporidia, Haplosporidiidae). J. Protozool. 10: 263266. . 1970. Recent problems of taxonomy and morphology of Haplosporidia. J. Parasit. 56: 327328. . 1978. Comments on trends in research on parasitic diseases of shellfish and fish. Mar. Fish. Rev. 40: 26-30. 1979. Classification of the Haplosporidia. In Haplosporidian and Haplosporidium-like diseases of shellfish, F. 0. Perkins (ed.). Mar. Fish. Rev. 41: 40-44. , AND J. COUCH. 1971. An annotated list of protozoan parasites, hyperparasites, and commensals of decapod Crustacea. J. Protozool. 18: 526-537. THIERY, J-P. 1967. Mise en evidence des polysaccharides sur coupes semifines en microscopie 6lectronique. J. Microscopie 6: 987-1018. VAN BANNING, P. 1977. Minchinia armoricana sp. nov. (Haplosporida), a parasite of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis. J. Invert. Path. 30: 199206. 1979. Haplosporidian diseases of imported oysters, Ostrea edulis in Dutch estuaries. Mar. Fish. Rev. 41: 8-18.


Cerium substituted yttrium iron garnet (Ce:YIG) films were grown on yttrium iron garnet (YIG) seed layers on silicon nitride films using pulsed laser deposition. Optimal process conditions for forming garnet films on silicon nitride are presented. Bulk or near-bulk magnetic and magneto-optical properties were observed for 160 nm thick Ce:YIG films grown at 640 °C on rapid thermal annealed 40 nm thick YIG grown at 640 °C and 2 Hz pulse rate. The effect of growth temperature and deposition rate on structural, magnetic and magneto-optical properties has been investigated.


Molecular paleobiology provides a promising avenue to merge data from deep time, molecular biology and genomics, gaining insights into the evolutionary process at multiple levels. The echinoderm skeleton is a model for molecular paleobioloogical studies. I begin with an overview of the skeletogenic process in echinoderms, as well as a discussion of what gene regulatory networks are, and why they are of interest to paleobiologists. I then highlight recent advances in the evolution of the echinoderm skeleton from both paleobiological and molecular/functional genomic perspectives, highlighting examples where diverse approaches provide complementary insight and discussing potential of this field of research.


This essay focuses on the data exchange strategy in mother-son-type grouped hospitals.In combination with the practices in his own hospital,the writer first analyses in detail the types of data to be exchanged.Then by using the two technical means of duplication technology and mixed programming in an integral way,he proposes an all-round solution special for this purpose.


Wet wire drawing of brass coated steel wire, used for tire reinforcement, is realized with Tungsten Carbide(WC) dies sintered with a cobalt(Co) binder. Dies wear represents an important limitation to the production process and cost savings. Several parameters, such as Co content, WC grain size of tungsten carbide, sintering conditions, and so on, affect on the wear of the drawing die. In this study, the effect of the diamond abrasive particle size on the life of the WC centered dies of the wet wire drawing was investigated. Wet wire drawing experiments were carried out on a wet wire drawing machine. From the experiments, the dies life, dies fracture, wire surface roughness, and wire breaks were investigated. From the results, it was found that the wear of the WC dies increased with the increase in the diamond abrasive particle size.


Mineral alluvial and deluvial soils, mineral-organic mucky soils and organic peat-muck soils were developed from the Holocene deposits in northern Poland. The total content of Ca, Mg, K, P, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu was analysed in the following soils: alluvial soils which were formed from riverine deposits in delta and riverine landscapes, deluvial soils which were developed from slope deposits in a landscape of moraine hills and plains and in a riverine landscape as well as in mucky soils and peat-muck soils located in a landscape of moraine hills and plains and delta landscape. The aim of the paper was to determine total amount of the elements in a soil profile and catena sequence in the mentioned landscapes. Total content of analysed elements in the soils developed from the Holocene deposits varied considerably among the soil types, in a soil profile, among catena sequences and landscapes. The highest content of Fe, Mn, Mg, K, Zn and Cu was reported in alluvial soils whereas Ca reached the highest level in peat-muck soils. In the riverine landscape, the highest accumulation of total Ca, Mg, K, P, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu was stated for alluvial soils, having the lowest location in the catena. In the landscape of moraine hills and plains, total content of K, Zn and Cu was the highest in deluvial soils and mucky soils located in the lower part of the slope. The total content of Ca and P was the highest in peat-muck soils having the lowest location in the catena. Statistically significant differences in the content of Ca, Mg, K, and Cu were stated between alluvial soils in the riverine and delta landscapes. The differences in the content of analysed elements, excluding Cu, were also statistically significant between alluvial and deluvial soils.


Following an introduction to the two e+e- B-factories, a sample of recent results from Belle and BABAR will be reported. This review will summarize results on the CKM unitarity angles and sides, the first direct observation of T-violation, measurements of the branching fraction of B- → τ-ντ and branching ratios of BF(B- → D(*)τ-ντ)/BF(B- → D(*)l- νl), searches for low mass CP-odd Higgs bosons, lepton flavor violation in τ decays, and a precision measurement of the e+e- → K+K-(γ) cross-sections, and its impact on the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the theoretical calculation of the muon anomalous magnetic moment. Prospects for the future will be touched on.


Deep neural network has gained traction as a state-of-the-art deep learnings approach in a wide range of domains including computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, targeted advertising, web search and in biomedical applications. Although DNN offers remarkable accuracy in detection and prediction, it incurs significant power and memory consumption. CPU platform hardly offers computations capacity, and thus graphics processing unit (GPU) have been the centrepiece of many deep learning processes, but increasingly there is a demand for more specialized accelerator for DNN computation. To get a higher throughput along with energy efficient and high-performance accelerator, field programmable gate array (FPGA) and application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implementation are eye-catching for researchers. But ASICs may not cope with the ever-evolving DNN models. Furthermore, ASICs and customized cores come at the price of high non-recurring engineering cost over long design periods. Hence FPGAs with its better programmable flexibility and parallelism exploitation renders high speed and energy efficiency and proves as an attractive alternative for accelerating DNNs. There have been several studies conducted on the efficient hardware implementation of DCNNs wherein Alex net and VGG Net are explored for computer vision application. Therefore, in this thesis, the main focus is to design a parametrized, efficient and low complex FPGA implementation of other CNN which has not been explored yet including Mini VGG, Compressed VGG and customize the CNN model for image detection and clinical prosthesis respectively. The designed CNNs are synthesized and implemented with Verilog HDL, using Vivado 17.3 simulator. The models are prototyped in Xilinx Virtex V707 and Zynq Ultrascale + (ZCU102) FPGA platform.


There is a growing awareness in methodological literature that parametric statistical tests may not be appropriate in studies with a small sample size and non-normal data (Larson-Hall and Herrington 2010; Mizumoto and Plonsky 2016). In addition, the presence of outliers or cases widely different from the rest of the data set poses serious methodological challenges: even a single extreme case can invalidate the estimated statistics in parametric methods (Larson-Hall and Herrington 2010). As Larson-Hall (2010) noted, removing outliers from the data set is undesirable for several reasons. First, such decisions are based on the researcher's subjective opinion. Secondly, when one outlier is removed another may emerge and the subsequent removal of all outlying cases could drastically reduce the number...


Dolichoectasia is a term used to describe dilated, elongated and tortuous arteries due to defects within the medial layer of their walls secondary to loss of elasticity. Multiple pathophysiological processes might lead to the development of dolichoectatic vessels, and activation of metalloproteinases and irregular turbulent blood flow seem to cause irreversible disruption of the internal elastic lamina. Consequences often include mass effects and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Blood flow within dolichoectatic arteries is turbulent predisposing to thrombus formation with resultant ischemic strokes. Ideally, with optimal anticoagulation therapy, such strokes can be prevented. However, in rare instances, they can still occur despite anticoagulation, likely due to direct compression of pontine perforators from dolichoectasias or persistent turbulent flow.

 Case report

 A 66‐year‐old woman with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation (taking warfarin at home), and left‐sided trigeminal neuralgia due to compressive left vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia with a focal fusiform aneurysm, presented with transient dysarthria and lightheadedness lasting for less than an hour. MRI brain did not show any acute pathology. CTA head showed worsening left vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia with transitional fusiform aneurysm (24 mm in diameter) with mass effect on the anterior part of the pons and lower midbrain. Next day, the patient developed dysarthria and right‐sided weakness, and a repeat MRI brain showed a left acute paramedian pontine infarct. Warfarin was discontinued, and the patient was started on a heparin drip and later transitioned to Apixaban. Eventually, a diagnostic cerebral angiogram and surpass stent placement within the aneurysm were attempted which went uneventful and the flow through the aneurysm regularized. The patient was eventually discharged home on Apixaban and Prasugrel with interval follow‐up.

 Compression of perforating vessels supplying brainstem structures, branching off the pathologic vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia is a rare etiology of acute pontine ischemic stroke, not with standing the anticoagulation. It warrants immediate neurosurgical intervention to optimize blood flow and prevent a recurrence.


This 36-year-old police officer was struck in the larynx during an altercation. He was admitted to the hospital because of other inju ries. Because of his history of laryngeal inju ry and mild hoarseness, direct laryngoscopy was performed promptl y. He had a hematoma involving the superior surface of his right vocal fold (Figure I). Strobovideolaryngoscopy revealed that the vibratory margin was spared (arrow). This explains why the vocal fold Figure 2.


Stochastic or random vibrations occur in a variety of applications of mechanicalengineering. Examples are: the dynamics of a vehicle on an irregular roadsurface; the variation in time of thermodynamic variables in municipal wasteincinerators due to fluctuations in heating value of the waste; the vibrationsof an airplane flying through turbulence; the fluctuating wind loads acting oncivil structures; the response of off-shore structures to random wave loading. Attention will be focussed on problems of external noise. That is, we shall consider models of mechanical engineering structures where the source of random behavior comes from outside: e.g. a prescribed random force or a prescribed random displacement. The structures inhibit inertia, damping and restoring, linear and non-linear. The main questions we intend to answer are: how do these structures respond to random excitation, and how can we quantify the random behavior of response variables in a manner that an engineer is able to make rational design decisions.


The continuous rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has presented a new model in fourth generation and beyond cellular networks. This continuous growth and the increasing demand in the provision of high transmission rate, delay sensitive and spectrum efficient cellular networks have made the development of fifth generation (5G) networks a reality. The design of the end-to-end 5G networks anticipated the need for terrestrial radio access networks to be complemented by its satellite counterpart in order to ensure that 5G services are provided seamlessly. These 5G services include IoT communications. This has necessitated the need for 5G satellite radio access networks to provide access to IoT devices that are located in remote and rural areas. This type of IoT devices are termed Internet of Remote Things (IoRT) devices. While this remain an appealing solution, many radio resource management issues including packet scheduling for IoRT communications in 5G satellite networks remains undefined. Hence, this paper aims to propose a new dynamic packet scheduling algorithm that will be appropriate for mixed traffic type IoRT communications in 5G satellite networks. The performance evaluation of the proposed packet scheduler is conducted through simulations, using delay, spectral efficiency, throughput and fairness index as the performance indices.


The construction of railway and highway embankments has a significant influence on the behavior of existing pile foundations, especially in the situation of high embankments and extensively soft soils, which are commonly encountered in coastal areas. A high embankment might produce large lateral movement and bending moment to the existing adjacent piles, which would cause the failure of the pile if the surcharge loading is not properly considered. A field test was designed and performed to investigate the effect of lateral surcharge loading on the existing adjacent pile in extensively soft soils. A 4 m high embankment was constructed in five lifts and was close to the existing adjacent steel pipe pile with a length of 35 m. The deformation of the pile and the soft soils, the excess pore water pressure, and lateral earth pressures were measured during the surcharge loading test. The test results showed that the lateral displacement of the steel pipe pile at the ground surface exceeded 229.9 mm and could not maintain constant due to the surcharge loading. The lateral displacement decreased along with the pile depth and was relatively small when the pile depth exceeded 10 m. Large lateral displacements were observed in the soft soils at different locations. The surcharge loading zone showed obvious downward displacements, while the soft soils close to the loading zone showed upward displacements. The excess pore water pressure changed regularly with the construction of the embankment, and its maximum value reached 53.6 kPa. The lateral earth pressures that acted on the pile continuously increased with the increase in the embankment height, which caused large deformation of the pile.


We present time-resolved International Ultraviolet Explorer observations of the low-mass X-ray binary AC211/4U2127+11 in the globular cluster M15 (NGC 7078). The spectra show He II 1640-A emission, the flux of which is modulated on the 8.5-hr orbital period of AC211. This modulation, and the ratio of He II 1640 A to He II 4686 A and C IV 1550 A imply that the He II lines originate in an accretion disc corona. In addition there are absorption lines typical of hot stars, but it is unclear whether they originate in AC211, or surrounding horizontal branch stars.


The valve is an important part of vacuum pump. Mathematics model of vacuum pump valve is set up resolved in this paper. Experiment shows that the model is correct. It is a method to design vacuum pump valve.


In line with Indonesia's 2012-15 DWCP, and in particular to its priority on social protection, the ILO is supporting the implementation of Law No. 40/2004 on the National Social Security System. One of the main recommendations provided by the Assessment Based National Dialogue on Social Protection conducted in 2012 by the ILO in collaboration with BAPPENAS, other government agencies, and the UNCT, is the implementation of a one-stop shop at the sub-national level. This mechanism is called the single referral system (SRS).


As various computers are connected into a world wide network, software protections becomes a more and more im- portant issue for software users and developers. There are some technical measures for software protections, such as hardware- based protections and software-based techniques, etc. Software obfuscation is one of these measures. It protects software from unauthorized modification by making software more obscure so that it is hard for the potential attacker to understand the obfuscated software. Chow et al. use residue number technique to software obfuscation by encoding variables in the original program to hide the true meaning of these variables (1). There is some discussion about the division of residue numbers in (1), but, in order to lay a sound ground for this technique, we proposed homomorphic functions in (2) to deal with division by several constants in residue numbers. Data structures are important components of programme and they are key clues for people to understand codes. Obfuscating data structures of programme will make it very hard for an enemy to attack them. In this paper, we apply homomorphic functions to obfuscating the data structures of software.


The SNAP-UI Data Linkage Project is an effort coordinated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service (ERS) to link state-level administrative data from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Unemployment Insurance (UI) program to examine the concurrent and sequential patterns in use of these program before and during the Great Recession. The project focuses on calendar years 2006 through 2009 and utilizes data from seven states: California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, and Texas. The project has illuminated various issues with administrative data linkage, which this paper characterizes as the ―Three C's‖ of administrative data: custody, confidentiality, and consistency. From the outset, ERS had three primary hypotheses: 1) The low rate of concurrent SNAP-UI receipt in existing data understates the total connection between SNAP and UI benefits because people tend to take up nutrition benefits only after UI claims are exhausted. 2) Both the concurrent and sequential links between SNAP and UI grew during the recession. 3) As the economy worsened, the lag between UI exhaustion and SNAP take-up declined. After the discussion of data issues, preliminary project results are presented (current as of December 2011). These early results confirm the first hypothesis but show that the sequential connection between the programs is not as large as expected. The second hypothesis is confirmed. The third hypothesis is still being explored. * Prepared for the 2012 Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology Research Conference, January 10-12, 2012, Washington, DC. Please be cautious when citing data from this paper. The results presented are current as of December 2011, but will change. The analysis and opinions expressed are the authors' and do not represent in any way the Economic Research Service, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or the George Washington University. Pulling Together, continued Page 2 of 22 2 April 2012 Results are subject to change Public assistance programs typically collect a large amount of data on applicants and beneficiaries to use for both program administration and management. Generally such data are narrowly focused, recording information specific to a single program's operation. However, many policy issues involve the interaction of programs and are best informed by information that reaches across program boundaries. Policymakers increasingly realize that linking administrative data can produce such information, but this is complicated by the major challenges inherent to data linkage. These challenges will be referred to here as the ―Three C's‖: custody, confidentiality, and consistency. Though the body of research on the extent and consequences of the overlap of public assistance programs based on administrative data is expanding, these Three C's continue to challenge researchers in their mission to generate valid, policy-relevant results. This paper will explore how the Three C's have been addressed in the SNAP-UI Data Linkage Project, a large multi-state analysis of the intersection of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly Food Stamps) and the Unemployment Insurance (UI) program, being coordinated and funded by the Economic Research Service (ERS) at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Traditionally, the overlap between SNAP and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) has been an important feature of the nation's safety net and a popular topic for social policy research (cf. Zedlewski 2001, Ziliak et al. 2003, Ratcliffe et al. 2008). However, TANF has played a very limited role in shielding families from the impacts of the recent recession and slow economic recovery (Zedlewski et al. 2011). In the absence of TANF, SNAP has become increasingly vital as a source of assistance for those in need (Pavetti and Rosenbaum 2010). At the same time, UI has proven particularly important in supporting unemployed workers both in terms of population coverage and duration of receipt (Elmendorf 2010). Despite the substantial safety net roles played by the SNAP and UI programs individually, at the beginning of the Great Recession, the overlap between the two appeared slight, at least in available cross-sectional data. 1 Researchers at ERS suspected that this seemingly weak link might understate the total relationship between the programs. When one takes a longitudinal view of the data, it is possible to identify program sequencing—that is, taking up one program after benefits from another have been exhausted. The occurrence of sequencing and the general programmatic interconnection between SNAP and UI might have grown in recent years as a result of changes in SNAP eligibility, the exceptional severity of the downturn, and the very slow economic recovery. This project is designed to improve understanding of the SNAP-UI connection by use of merged administrative records from the two programs. These data allow researchers to take both a longitudinal and cross-sectional view of the SNAP-UI relationship over calendar years 2006 through 2009. Moreover, ERS can look at the UI connection for the SNAP caseload as a whole, as well as for new entrants into SNAP. The new entrants in late 2007 through the end of 2009 might have different characteristics than the general SNAP caseload because they joined the rolls during the Great Recession and slow recovery. For reasons that will be described in the body of this paper, the research is being completed at the state level by seven research teams. This analysis is important for several reasons. First, the SNAP and UI systems have not historically been very integrated, but greater integration may be useful—and perhaps necessary—in times of economic stress. Because one of the primary goals of SNAP is to provide benefits to all eligible households, the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS)—the USDA agency that oversees the administration of SNAP—has increased outreach efforts to encourage everyone who is eligible to participate in the program. Many UI recipients are likely eligible for SNAP, 2 and sharing data between SNAP and UI systems provides an opportunity for targeted SNAP outreach. Second, when the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) considers the cost of extensions to the UI program, it does not currently consider the cost of entry onto SNAP by people who lose their UI benefits. By understanding the prevalence of movement onto SNAP by former recipients of UI, CBO and other agencies can better capture these costs in budgetary analyses. Third, this project contributes to the body of knowledge on how to complete these types of studies using administrative data. 1 Based on Food and Nutrition Service Quality Control data, which can be accessed at http://hostm142.mathematica-mpr.com/fns/download.htm. 2 Future research plans to look at the characteristics of unemployed persons who are technically eligible to receive SNAP and UI concurrently. Preliminary analysis shows that a UI recipient receiving the average UI benefit amount in the fourth quarter of 2009 without other household income and without dependents could concurrently receive SNAP in eight (of 51) states. With one dependent, a UI recipient receiving the average benefit without other household income could qualify for SNAP in an additional 30 states. In only two states (Massachusetts and Washington) would such a person need to have more than two dependents in the household to qualify for concurrent SNAP-UI receipt. Pulling Together, continued Page 3 of 22 2 April 2012 Results are subject to change ERS has a useful perspective on the process of completing large-scale analyses using administrative data because the agency has been working since early 2010 to coordinate seven independent research teams in seven diverse states. This provides a broad perspective on the challenges unique to acting as the coordinator of such an endeavor, as well as insight into how various states' administrative data systems compare. Unlike the long-established practice of linking administrative data to survey data (cf. Lansing et al. 1961, Sheikh and Mattingly 1981, Assael and Keon 1982, Bound and Krueger 1991, Raijneveld and Stronks 1999, Raijneveld and Stronks 2001, Gundgaard et al. 2007), in this project the state research teams are linking multiple administrative data systems to each other. The primary purpose is to understand the interaction between SNAP and UI, but some states have also incorporated TANF data into the analysis. Though certainly not the only endeavor of its kind (cf. MDRC 2011), there are important lessons to be learned from the unique challenges inherent to the SNAP and UI data systems, particularly the latter. The expansions in the UI program have complicated data management for state agencies and subsequently made it more challenging to analyze the SNAP-UI connection. At the same time, relaxed eligibility rules along with a sluggish economy have caused the SNAP caseload to grow at an unprecedented rate (Eslami et al. 2011). As the preliminary results at the end of this paper will demonstrate, the effort to link these data systems was not in vain; important patterns in the programmatic connection have become apparent, and these can be used to help direct future policy. This paper is organized as follows. The first section contains an explanation of the nature of administration data. The second section contains a description of the Three C's and the reasons why they pose challenges to researchers on public assistance programs, as well as a discussion of how ERS has sought to overcome these barriers in the SNAP-UI Data Linkage Project. The third section outlines the project's hypotheses and presents some initial results. The final section concludes by looking at the policy implications of the process and results and the lessons learned for future research of this type. Issues with Administrative Data Administrative records contain


The purpose of the study is to understand the relation with the factors which affect the oral health-related quality of life and to investigate the oral health knowledge, attitude, behavior and self-perceived oral symptoms and the oral health-related quality of life (oral health impact profile, OHIP-14) among workers. The study performs self-administered questionnaires survey from March 26 to April 30, 2013, among workers in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon with the convenience sampling and finally analyzes 398 questionnaires. The study performs the path analysis to analyze the impact of the knowledge, attitude, behavior and self-perceived oral symptoms on the oral health-related quality of life and the correlation among these variables. The analysis result shows that the self-perceived oral symptoms affects the OHIP-14 the most and the oral health behaviors shows indirect effects. The factor which affects the self-perceived oral symptoms is the oral health behaviors and the oral health knowledge and attitude show indirect effect. Oral health knowledge and attitude are important factors in the oral health behaviors and the knowledge is important in the oral health attitude. First, it is required to develop and apply the oral health promotion program of workers including oral health education program to upgrade the oral health behavior, as well as oral examination and treatment program to reduce the self-perceived oral symptoms to improve the oral health-related quality of life of workers.