For the public usage, there are various utilities that exists and operates in many countries. Major utility are in the sector of Power, Gas and Water distribution. Their major role is to distribute the essentials to the customers and in turn provide Customer support and Billing system through offline and online mode. Most of them fall under government control but may be managed by Franchise or Public private partnership model. All of them have individual existence in Delhi, India. We propose a common architecture through which the information systems and related processes can be merged for these utilities which will benefit the customers. The security analysis is done for the proposed architecture with respect to various threats.


This study examines the potential relationships between creating a collective identity around the appreciation of intangible cultural heritage and the subsequent increase in empowerment; recognizing that some authors have proposed a connection between these constructs, our research endeavors to shed light on the nature and significance of these relationships.This study aims to answer the research questions by collecting data in October 2022, specifically in the cities of Manta, Portoviejo, and Chone in the region of Manabí.Although the results contribute to understanding the empowerment processes through the enhancement of intangible cultural resources and collective identity, it is essential to point out that caution must be exercised when generalizing to other populations with different demographic and cultural characteristics.


To restore the shape of low-stiff cylindrical parts such as shafts and axles, straightening by transverse bending with the subsequent processing of workpieces by the method of surface plastic deformation based on the transverse burnishing with smooth plates is proposed. The experimental and calculated results are presented to determine the effect of absolute compression on the main characteristics of the quality of the surface layer of parts such as surface roughness and residual stresses. The analysis of experimental data for the evaluation of the parts after straightening by transverse burnishing showed the following positive changes: a sharp decrease in the initial roughness, the formation of equilibrium residual compressive stresses in the surface layers and ensuring stabilization of the accuracy of the processed part in size and shape. Depending on the magnitude of the absolute reduction, the surface quality increases by 2–3 classes, and rather large compressive residual stresses are formed (up to 375 MPa). The results of the work justify recommending the proposed method of straightening by transverse burnishing with smooth plates for implementation into the technology of machine part restoration.


Events are becoming very popular as a tool to organize and access large media collections. An unsolved problem however, is how to define event models. Most part of the approaches so far proposed in the literature are based on a-priori knowledge, and translate into hierarchical data structures or taxonomies a more or less intuitive definition of what a given type of event is. The association of media and event models is then a consequent process, in which one tries to learn the distinctive characteristics of media associated to a certain event or sub-event. In this paper, we attempt to reverse this paradigm, inferring from a set of media collections belonging to the same event class the underlying taxonomy in an unconstrained way. As a result we obtain a hierarchy of natural clusters, largely shared by the different collections, which capture the essence of the event itself. Although it is not possible to compare the proposed approach with state-of-the-art method based on a-priori event structures, experimental results demonstrate that this approach may become an effective support for discovering and defining event models and managing event-related data collections.


Momentous significance of symmetric information to control theory is proposed. The symmetric information of a system is strengthened by simplifying a complex robust control algorithm and guaranteeing the actuating of the algorithm so that a complex system has a simple and direct control (SDC). The simulation results show that the simple and direct control can also reach rapid settling time without overshoot and steady-state error, and has satisfactory robust stability to model perturbation. The simple and direct control has satisfactory accuracy, high reliability and strong robustness. It is simple to reach symmetric information, its feasibility is fine, and its application prospect is wide.


The work experimentally confirmed the negative influence of fouling of cage structures on the growth and survival rates of reared young sturgeon hybrid — bester (Huso (Linnaeus, 1758) × Acipenser ruthenus (Linnaeus, 1758)). A significant decrease in growth and an increase in fish mortality in modules with a maximum biofouling area was noted. The possibility of using alternative cleaning methods in comparison with traditional mechanical and chemical ones has been investigated. The positive results of the experimental approbation of the author's development — the practical application of a specially designed structure made of tarpaulin for the cage are given. The use of an easy-to-manufacture and operate device prevented active contamination of the cells, increased the efficiency of keeping fish, which is economically beneficial for commercial sturgeon growing in cages. In general, in fish farms located in a natural reservoir in the spring-summer period, the overgrowth of fodder bottoms and cage walls with filamentous algae has a strong negative effect on the cultivation of sturgeon fish. To optimize the fish-breeding process and reduce the number of algae during the period of their active growth on cages (the timing must be determined according to the conditions of a particular reservoir), special canvas covers should be used. This device will reduce the amount of sunlight entering the cage bottoms and slow down the growth of filamentous algae. To install this device on the cage, two workers are required, the approximate installation time (and, if necessary, dismantling) will be 20 minutes. To reduce the negative effect of algae fouling of the cage bed, measures should be taken to mechanically clean the stern bottoms and walls of the cage with high-pressure cleaning (washer) devices, after transplanting the cultivated objects into another fish hatchery


This article aim to analyze Ibn Khaldun's thoughts on education and its relevance to modern world education. This research uses qualitative approach (Library Research) by analyzing the sources collected and summarized in the article. Result this research shows that education is not only a teaching and learning process that is limited by time and space, but education is a process where students are able to live, absorb and even capture natural events throughout the ages. Ibn Khaldun's thoughts are also very relevant to modern education when viewed from various aspects, namely educators, learning methods, curriculum and educational goals. Positive impact What is expected from the results of this study is the adoption of the concept of Modern Education with the Concept of Education according to Ibn Khaldun.


By the end of his second term, Barack Obama was widely recognized as one of America's greatest presidential speakers. "Since rising to the national stage with a history-making convention speech 12 years ago," wrote one Vogue columnist, "Obama has been identified by no quality more than his oratorical skill." The president's arguments, while "abstract and intricate," show a speaker who is "confident, limber, and warm," "channeling sentiment without losing rigor" (Heller). "His mastery of syntax and delivery," wrote another at the LA Times, "is reminiscent of presidents Kennedy, Reagan and Clinton. But the soul of his sentences—the resonance, depth and musicality—hark back to Abraham Lincoln and the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr." (Fleishman). Not surprisingly, Obama's speeches inspired considerable analysis of the President's moral, political, and ideological rhetoric (Capone; Gadalla; Ivie; Landreau; Oeser; Reeves and May; Terrill) and his intentional use of linguistic and syntactical strategies (Batluk; Marciano; Herdiana et al.). But while many celebrated Obama's oratorical skills, others have cited a chasm between Obama's enlightened rhetoric and its application in practice; nowhere is this more salient than in criticism of Obama's counterterror policy (McCrisken; Sledge and Siddiqui; Zenko). Only two years into Obama's first term, Trevor McCrisken described how although, "[w]hile on the campaign trail, Obama portrayed himself as an antidote to the excesses of the Bush administration," in office, he faced multiple "problems associated with fulfilling his promise to continue combating terrorism while adhering to core moral values and principles" (781). Like his predecessor George W. Bush, Obama's perspective was framed by 9/11 and an unyielding commitment to American security against terrorism. This meant that, "Despite some rhetorical changes," Obama "recommitted the US to an interpretation of [9/11's] events and its consequences that reasserts the imperatives of an unending conflict against terrorism," which "made difficult his self-imposed task of renewing that 'war on terror' in ways that are more principled and moral . . . than those of his predecessor" (801). Thus, for many of Obama's champions, "high expectations have given way to a great deal of disappointment" (785).


The notion of 'order' occurs in many different contexts, but my present concern is with one particular context, and that is science. Order in this context exists where there are physical events and entitities, distributed within space and time, which obey various scientific laws. It is often necessary to distinguish between 'order' and 'orderliness'. 'Order' refers to the close compliance of the entities in question to such physicochemical laws as are known, whereas 'orderliness' refers to a lesser degree of compliance. As an example of orderliness, Bertrand Russell pointed out that a collection of dots on a sheet of paper can be shown to obey an appropriate 'law' if this can be represented by a suitable polynomial.1


A viscometer was used to measure power law parameters K and n for aqueous solutions of (carboxymethyl)cellulose (CMC), taken from a bubble column. The results were analyzed by plotting n as a function of Log K. Literature data and the present experiments show that dilution gives a slope of -0.147 on the Log K-n plot. Results with different molecular weights show, by contrast, a slope of -0.345. Results from the bubble column are consistent with (i) change of CMC molecular weight due to shear, the slope of the Log K-n plot being -0.345, and (ii) change of CMC molecular weight due to oxidation by hydrogen peroxide when this was added: the slope of the Log K-n plot was -0.223. That this was less than -0.345 is believed to be due to dilution. The effect of moderate temperature changes was also summarized. An important conclusion is that when CMC solutions are used in bubble columns or stirred tanks for mass and heat transfer studies, attention must be given to changes of properties due to shear, oxidation, dilution, and temperature


The PJM capacity market evolved from a mechanism to support fair and efficient retail competition, to a core market design component implemented to provide adequate revenue to attract sufficient supply and demand side resources to meet PJM's administrative reliability criteria. The lessons learned in the evolution of the PJM capacity market illustrate issues that are shared across all wholesale power markets. An exogenously imposed administrative reliability requirement has generally been interpreted to require the ownership of, or contracts for, capacity in excess of expected peak loads by a reserve margin. In PJM, the reserve margin requirement resulted in a level of capacity greater than would have been the result of the operation of an "energy only" market without such a requirement. The result was lower energy prices for all units and a shortfall of net revenues compared to the annualized costs of building a new generating unit. The early wholesale power market designs, including PJM, replicated the efficient dispatch of a tight power pool, but did not address the sources of revenues to cover the costs of investment in new and existing generating capacity and thus did not address the endogenous sustainability of the market design consistent with administrative reliability criteria. The introduction and redesign of a capacity market has largely solved this "resource adequacy" problem. But the PJM capacity market design continues to be imperfect and the resolution of the remaining design issues is critical to the continued success of the PJM market as demand increases and generating units retire.


This study investigates the atmospheric circulation associated with extreme rainfall events over the coastal West Africa. The rainfall data of this study were obtained from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), spanning from 1981 to 2010. The atmospheric datasets were also obtained from the ERA-Interim reanalysis. The study employed the Z-Index to categorize dry and wet years into seven distinct grades. The analyses focused on the summer monsoon rainfall season experienced in July to September (JAS). The extreme drought years were identified to be 1982 and 1983, while extreme wet years were pointed out to be 1999 and 2007. The area of study was dominated by anomalous westerly moisture transport, characterized by convergence at low level during wet years. The major source of moisture over the study area is Atlantic Ocean. Dry and wet years are characterized by positive and negative low-level geopotential height anomalies, respectively. Although the results of this study do not give a diagnosis of the reported rainfall variability, the information herein can be useful in the monitoring and update of seasonal forecasts. Accurate and reliable seasonal forecasting is beneficial in that it helps us minimize loss of lives and destruction of property.


ABSTRACT Endosomal trafficking can influence the composition of the plasma membrane and the ability of cells to polarize their membranes. Here, we examined whether trafficking through clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) affects the ability of T cells to form a cell–cell conjugate with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We show that CIE occurs in both the Jurkat T cell line and primary human T cells. In Jurkat cells, the activities of two guanine nucleotide binding proteins, Arf6 and Rab22 (also known as Rab22a), influence CIE and conjugate formation. Expression of the constitutively active form of Arf6, Arf6Q67L, inhibits CIE and conjugate formation, and results in the accumulation of vacuoles containing lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) and CD4, molecules important for T cell interaction with the APC. Moreover, expression of the GTP-binding defective mutant of Rab22, Rab22S19N, inhibits CIE and conjugate formation, suggesting that Rab22 function is required for these activities. Furthermore, Jurkat cells expressing Rab22S19N were impaired in spreading onto coverslips coated with T cell receptor-activating antibodies. These observations support a role for CIE, Arf6 and Rab22 in conjugate formation between T cells and APCs. Summary: Clathrin-independent endocytosis occurs in T cells and, together with activities of Arf6 and Rab22, can influence the ability of T cells to form a cell–cell conjugate with antigen-presenting cells.


[1] Part 2 of our study examines the relative importance of radiative heating and latent heating in accounting for vertically propagating tides that impose longitude variability on mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) winds, temperatures, and densities. Our results are based upon numerical simulations using the Global-Scale Wave Model (GSWM) and new tidal heating rates derived from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) radiative fluxes (see part 1), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) latent heating profiles, and TRMM rainfall rates. Contrary to previous results and general perceptions, we demonstrate that radiative heating is more important than latent heating in accounting for MLT longitude variability due to tides although latent heating causes some large nonmigrating tidal oscillations such as DE3. Through comparison with TIMED SABER temperature measurements, the model results are shown to approximate many observed features of this longitude variability.


Geología planeta fantasmagoría neoliberalismo. Abstract. Geología de un planeta desierto (2013) by Patricio Jara is a novel that starts with the appearance of the ghost of Rodrigo's father in front of his apartment. The invitation that the father makes to his son to go out for a walk and the consequent journey that both make through the city of Antofagasta will allow the enunciation of a ghostly landscape as a result of the encounter that the narrator maintains with the space he inhabits, a space whose nooks and crannies will give off a spectral trail caused by the act of remembering. These elements will account for the ruins and the series of human remains that neoliberalism leave behind at the hands of the mining industry in the northern territories of Chile, which operate as transcripts of the father's both life, and death.


Objective To summarize the effect of measles emergency vaccination campaign in Jilin Province and to provide evidence for strategies and measures of measles prevention and control.Methods The effect of measles emergency vaccination campaign was analyzed comprehensively,including the surveillance information of measles pathogeny,vaccination rate of measles emergency vaccination campaign,the information of measles antibody,the information of net-directing reporting system of infectious diseases-based information of measles surveillance system.Result The genotype of circulating measles virus was H1,total reported coverage was 97.76%,total coverage of rapid evaluation was 98.20%,the positive rate of measles IgG antibody after emergency vaccination campaign was 97.6%,the morbidity decreased remarkably.Conclusion Measles cases 8-14 years old decreased remarkably after emergency vaccination campaign of.The key for successful activities was to arrange the area,object,aim and schedule well,to do the pre-vaccination preparation and vaccination-site implementation,to establish effective immunity barrier to interrupt the virus transmission within the shortest time(14 days).


The moss Tortella tortelloides (Greene) Robinson is reportedfrom the state of Wyoming. This, together with an earlier report from Hawaii, is one of two known intermediate stations between the extremely disjunct populations in the Arctic and Antarctica. Tortella tortelloides (Greene) Robins. has a clearly differentiated dorsal stereid band in its costa, char- acteristic of its genus, and distinctive tortelloid basal cells differentiated in a V-shape up the margin of the leaf. The species also has the multistratose thin- walled stem epidermis and central strand, also in- dicative of Tortella (Zander, pers. comm.), and fleshy, caducous leaf apices. Tortella tortelloides was first discovered in the Antarctic and was described by Greene et al. (1970) as a new species of Sarconeurum, a genus restricted to Antarctica and southern South America (Greene 1975; Matteri 1982). Prior to Greene's new species, Sarconeurum had been represented only by S. gla- ciale (C. Muell.) Card. & Bryhn, a species without tortelloid basal cells and with an undifferentiated costal section. Robinson (1972) transferred S. tor- telloides Greene to Tortella, recognizing its numer- ous morphological affinities to that genus. While examining specimens for a study of the moss flora of Wyoming, I found T. tortelloides mixed in a wTu collection of Gymnostomum aeruginosum Sm.


The results of percutaneous renal stone removal in the first 50 patients to undergo this procedure are presented. The procedure was successful in 40 patients; in 16 of these. ultrasonic disintegration was necessary. The technique failed in 10 patients. The difficulties encountered and the resulting modifications of technique are described. (MedJAust1985;142: 389-391) DeJw,l1menb of Urology and Radiology, The Royal Melboume Hospital, Melboume, VIC 3050; and University 01 Melbourne. Ian N. Nunn, FRCS. FRACS. Senior U'ologis1. William S.c. Hare. MD. FRACP. FRACR, Pro/essor of Radiology. Reprints: Mr I.N. Nunn .


Liquid waste of chromium electroplating can cause water pollution if not treated. The negative impact of chromium can be minimized with water weeds such as Salvinia molesta and Salvinia natans. The objective of this research was to compare the effectiveness between S. molesta and S. natans as a phytoremediator and the best time exposure. The research design was Randomized Completely Block Design. The main plot was the biomass of S. molesta and S.natans 50 g (B1), 100 g (B2), and 150 g (B3). The subplot was the time of exposure, which consists of 1 day (T1), 6 days (T2), and 12 days (T3). There were 24 treatment combinations, and each treatment was repeated three times. Observed parameters include Cr in water, pH, DO, and TSS. Data were analyzed by Anova and followed by Tukey's test. This research showed that both S. molesta and S. natans were effective in decreasing Cr in water and TSS in the opposite increase of pH and DO. The most effective treatment was biomass of Salvinia 150 g and 12 days of time exposure. Both of S. molesta and S.natans can be used as phytoremediators to improve water quality, while S. molesta is more effective than S.natans. Biomass of S. molesta 150 g and 12 days were effective treatments to improve the water quality of chromium electroplating.


This pilot study looks at a novel methodology that helps to understand how people choose which social platform to use. Beginning with the assumption that affordances alone cannot explain differences in social media platform choice, we propose an ecological model to understand the differences between social media platform choice by gender. We propose that a free pile sort method offers an opportunity to understand influences at the micro, meso, and macro levels of the ecological model that may be subtle and difficult to gage across different social networks using other approaches. We show, in a pilot study, the ways this method reveals fine distinctions in the way male identified persons versus female identified persons think about social media platforms which may help us explain trends in use.


In a network society, in the knowledge-based economy and with the support of new information and communication technologies, it is possible to articulate flexible organizations in order to create new and innovative business ideas. In this way, designers find new opportunities in the possibility of selfproduction and in the easy access to the market through new technologies. This article presents a systematic review about the relationship between design and entrepreneurship in qualified design journals and in a scientific search engine. As a result, the paper identifies and organizes the main themes that articulate such relationship and prospects the emergence of a designer-entrepreneur.


Chang'e-4 landed in the Von Kármán basaltic zone affected by Finsen ejecta from the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) "compositional anomaly" (SPACA), providing an opportunity to untangle the origin of the SPACA. We developed a mineral abundance unmixing model and built a spectral library composed of mineral mixtures of plagioclase, low-Ca pyroxene, high-Ca pyroxene, and olivine. Based on the mineral abundances returned by our model, the average plagioclase abundance (60.4 vol.%) of SPACA is beyond the high-plagioclase end of the mineralogical range of SPA impact melt differentiation products and would require an additional contribution from crustal materials. We suggest that either the crust was not entirely removed in the SPA-forming impact or the ejecta from post-SPA basins fed feldspathic materials back onto the SPA basin floor. Our unmixing analyses indicate that the surface regolith of the SPACA is a mixture of 70.2% crustal materials and 29.8% Fe- and incompatible-element-enriched materials.


We observe the phase distribution of DPSK signals using a newly developed 1-symbol delayed dual-channel linear optical sampling. This method has the potential to measure ultrafast signals with a symbol rate of greater than 100-Gbit/s.


We would like to thank the authors of the letter for their interest and comments on our recent article. They have questioned our fitting procedure in which the fast-free diffusion coefficient (Df ) was fixed to the diffusion coefficient of free water at 378C (3.0 3 10 mm/s). Moreover, they have interpreted that the fast and slow diffusion component fractions (Ff and Fs, respectively) correspond to the extracellular and intracellular water fractions, respectively, based on the results of previous studies and showed that their fractions depended on whether the diffusion analysis was performed with constrained or unconstrained fits. The primary purpose of our study was to noninvasively obtain information on brain perfusion and diffusion using a triexponential diffusion model assuming three diffusion components: perfusion-related, fast-free (unrestricted), and slow-restricted diffusion. In particular, Ff and Fs in our model are not assumed to correspond to the extracellular and intracellular water fractions, respectively. The slow-restricted diffusion in our model may mainly reflect both extracellular and intracellular diffusion. However, the interpretation of these diffusion fractions still remains unknown. A previous study has shown that the extracellular and intracellular diffusion separation based on the difference in diffusivity between the two compartments is ineffective because they have similar diffusion coefficients. Other studies have reported that intracellular water itself has multiple diffusion components and that apparent diffusion coefficient of the brain changes during the cardiac cycle. To further complicate matters, the water exchange between the extracellular and intracellular compartments potentially affects the diffusion measurements of these compartments. Thus, the modeling of various diffusion components should be further discussed in future studies. In our study, a constrained fitting procedure was used to improve the accuracy and robustness of the analysis. As shown in table 1 of their letter, in comparison with the constrained fit, the unconstrained fit demonstrated substantially higher standard deviations for the diffusion parameters. Our preliminary study (data not shown) also indicated that the unconstrained fit led to considerable fitting error, perhaps because of the large number of variables in the triexponential model and the relatively small blood volume fraction in the brain. In contrast, the constrained fit for our model successfully showed a close correlation between the perfusionrelated diffusion coefficient and regional cerebral blood flow obtained using arterial spin labeling in the caudate nucleus and putamen of healthy subjects, as demonstrated in our article. We therefore believe that the triexponential diffusion analysis with the constrained fitting procedure would be desirable to extract perfusion-related information for the brain from diffusionweighted data.


Service discovery becomes a key to accelerating the evolution of Web services as the number of services is expected to increase dramatically. Foregoing work on service discovery is primarily based on the interfaces of services through the use of ontology. Ongoing work targets at service behavior, with not only individual message exchanges being captured, but also constraints between these message exchanges. In this paper, we propose a formal approach to expressing the service and query behavior using pi-calculus for service matchmaking. The resulting pi-calculus expressions of services and queries are precise in defining single operations involving message exchanges as well as execution sequence between operations. Based on the formalizations, service matchmaking between a service query and a service description is reasoned through the capability of pi-calculus. Expressing service behavior using pi-calculus is expected to be a promising way to realize intelligent service discovery


Wit Vancouver Playhouse Theatre January 8 to February 3, 2001 Written by Margaret Edson; directed by Glynis Leyshon Starring Seana McKenna, Alex Poch-Goldin and Joy Coghill

Wit , the Pulitzer Prize winning play by first-time American playwright Margaret Edson, is relative to its subject matter a


It discloses phosphor material comprising a first phosphor and the second phosphor blends of the third phosphor. The first phosphor has the general formula The second phosphor comprises a complex fluoride manganese (Mn Also disclosed an illumination device comprising such a phosphor material. Lighting device comprises a light source in addition to the phosphor material. .FIELD 1


Mobile Ad–hoc NETwork (MANET) is an infrastructure-independent, multi-hop network where each node communicates with other nodes directly or indirectly through intermediate nodes. Thus, all nodes in MANET basically function as mobile routers participating in some routing protocol required for deciding and maintaining the routes. All nodes in network are energy dependent because they run on limited battery power. Hence, efficient energy utilization is one of the important issues in MANET. If the nodes in network are known about the energy status and the status of location of receiver, it reduces the energy consumption with better throughput. Because of the dynamic behavior of the network, links are not maintained for long time. Multi-path routing protocol better manages the traffic than the single path routing protocol in Ad–hoc networks, thereby reducing the congestion possibility by dividing the traffic in alternative paths. This project utilizes AOMDV protocol for efficient energy utilization and better throughput, and location–aware (DREAM) protocol to keep track of the location of mobile nodes. Hence, the combined features of these protocols better manages the energy utilization of nodes. The performance is measured on the basis of performance parameters like Routing Protocol, Simulation time, Traffic type (TCP & UDP), Packet size, Node movement at maximum Speed, Transmission range, Transmission Energy, Receiving Energy, Normal Routing Load and Packet Delivery Ratio. IndexTerms MANETs, AOMDV, DREAM, Energy Efficiency ____________________________________________________________________________________________________


Various names are given to describe the principle of vector control, e.g. field orientation, flux vector and transvector. Each scheme employs a slightly different method of control but all share the same objective-generating optimal torque in the rotor by maintaining the magnetising and torque producing components of flux at 90 degrees. The authors show how the vector control of an AC induction motor has been practically and successfully implemented. >


Numerical computations are carried out for the core flow of subsonic MFD generator channels with a large length-to-height ratio and fine electrode segmentation. The working fluid is taken as potassium seeded argon. Variable transport properties and radiation effects are considered. It is shown that transverse variations in fluid properties are very important in Faraday generators; a one-dimensional analysis of the flow is not adequate. Axial currents in nonequilibrium flows can be kept low if the right value of the Hall parameter can be obtained; this also depends critically on the Mach number and load parameter. Mach numbers much less than one and high load parameters are to be avoided. Attainment of very large Hall parameters and fields cannot be expected.


The optical absorption of synthetic ReS2 and ReSe2 single crystals is reported over a temperature range from 25 to 300 K. Analysis reveals that the absorption edges of ReS2 and ReSe2 are indirect allowed transitions. The indirect band gaps at various temperatures are determined and their temperature dependence is analyzed by the Varshni equation [Physica 34, 149 (1967)] and an empirical expression proposed by O'Donnel and Chen [Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 2924 (1991)]. The parameters that describe the temperature dependence of energy gaps of these two materials are evaluated and discussed.


This article examines how religion has influenced, and continues to influence, the legal framework that regulates the circulation of knowledge about homosexuality and same-sex relationships within state-funded schools in England. This legal framework has become the subject of considerable recent public and legislative contestation. We argue that religious considerations and interests have contributed to the production and maintenance of an uneven educational landscape in which young people face disparities in their access to instruction regarding issues related to homosexuality and same-sex relationships. Key themes explored in the article include the exclusion of discussion of homosexuality from the requirements of the National Curriculum; the right of parents to withdraw children from sex education; attempts to make some discussion of same-sex relationships a statutory requirement for all state-funded schools, including faith schools; and the uncertain implications of the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 for the teaching of sex education.


Several control methods have been developed to improve the vehicle's dynamic performance and, specifically, its active suspension system. Most of the existing researches are carried out in the time domain. However, from the point of view of practical problems, the system's stability and anti-disturbance can be described more intuitively in the frequency domain. Hence, this paper analyzes and designs a quarter-car active suspension system operating in the frequency domain. First, by choosing as input the road disturbance and the body acceleration as the output, we establish the corresponding transfer function of the quarter-car active suspension system. Then, we design a PI controller where the controller's parameter ranges are obtained by the Routh criterion, which guarantees the closed-loop system's stability. Finally, we demonstrate our method's effectiveness through a comparative analysis of several simulation results.


Abstract We analyze the relationship between complementarities and monotonicity in dynamic programs. While complementarities (supermodularity and nondecreasing differences) are sufficient for monotonic statics in stochastic dynamic programs, they are only "robustly" necessary in a limited way under heavy discounting. Monotonicity of the decision rule doesnotin general imply monotonicity of the optimal path. In fact, optimal paths in such models may exhibit extremely complex behavior. For convex adjustment costs many real option models have monotone decision rules, while for fixed costs they typically do not. We also strengthen a well known characterization of complementarities due to Milgrom and Shannon [19].Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: C61, D92, E22.


Wax injection is the first step of the investment casting process. It is therefore an essential step, as many of the defects created in the wax can be reproduced in the final casting if they are not detected. This paper will present the models set up and experimentation carried out to validate these models. The numerical simulation has been carried out using MoldFlow and Flow-3D. MoldFlow is a simulation package developed for the plastics industry whereas Flow-3D is a more general CFD package. The models available in each of the packages are therefore different. For example, the wax exhibits non-Newtonian behaviour and can be modelled with a second order model, used in MoldFlow, or with a Carreau model, as in Flow-3D. The density has also been described as function of temperature and pressure using two different phenomenological models. The emphasis in this paper will be made on the prediction of the appearance of two kinds of defects, weld lines that are surface defects, and air entrapment in the wax that can create residual stresses and distortion of the wax pattern produced. Some conclusions on the capability of the models and of the different simulation packages used will be drawn.


Objective To understand the clinical value of Holter ECG monitoring diagnose SSS. Methods Choose 200 SSS patients to use holter records. The standard of Holter ECG monitoring diagnose SSS (1)sinoatrial block. (2)sinus pause. (3)obvious sinus bradycardia.(4)bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome.(5)two knot pathology Results There are 120 example same result between SSS and electrical physiology determine in 200 patients. Conclusions we can diagnose early SSS by using Holter records, Coronany heart disease give fivst place to SSS.


The response of an InAs0.15P0.85–Cs2O photoemitter in the spectral range from 0.4 to 1.1μ is experimentally investigated. The 0.8% quantum efficiency obtained at 1.06μ represents more than an order of magnitude improvement in yield over existing S‐1 photosurfaces. The physical principle upon which this photoemitter is based is discussed in terms of a simple energy‐level diagram.


Part of the strategic transport planning work carried out in Sweden during 1999 encompassed analysis of 12 strategic areas. TOI has evaluated 4 of the reports from this work. These 4 reports deal with: road maintenance; traffic safety; demand for passenger transport; and railway systems. For road maintenance, in certain areas conclusions must be considered as preliminary awaiting the results of ongoing R&D work. An important topic that is not dealt with in the report is productivity in road maintenance. The report on traffic safety is too focused on measures in road systems. Despite some shortcomings, the report provides valuable input to the planning process. The analysis of the future demand for passenger transport is hampered by delays in the development of the model, but the results presented seem generally to be realistic. The main shortcoming of the railway system analysis is the inadequate treatment of the demand for railway transport. A major input in the planning process is cost benefit analysis for different projects. From the sample of projects evaluated, some suggestions are made for improvement in methods. However, the main shortcoming overall is poor documentation and quality control.


Biomass agricultural waste has a great potential for meeting part of the world energy need and is completely environmentally friendly. One conversion method is thermochemical processes and specifically, pyrolysis. Pyrolysis converts the lignocellulose waste to fuel and essential chemicals into three products: biogas, bio-oil, and biochar. However, performance issues limit the potential of lignocellulose pyrolysis such as design and operation of pyrolysis reactor for effective heat transfer from the heat source to the biomass feedstock. Therefore, this study presents the necessary tools for pyrolysis scientists and engineers in determining the optimal operation and design of lignocellulose agricultural waste pyrolysis. The tools consist of mathematical equations that govern the lignocellulose kinetics (model and model-free) and pyrolysis reactor macro and micro models. A practical model for hydrogen production from pyrolysis bio oil solidifies the viability of biomass as an energy source.


Constant growth of business needs forces companies spare no effort on various regulations both inside and outside the company to minimize all the risks that are present on the long way of a product from being just an idea to becoming a final product delivered to customers. A huge set of processes has already been designed to ensure successful flow of a development. In particular, development of software is being regulated via processes as well. This paper is to outline specifics of time tracking process's design, implementation and application for non-development departments, such as System Configuration Management (SCM), Quality Assurance (QA) and Operations (OPS) in CQG, a company that provides financial software solutions for over 30 years.


An imaging detector has been developed for the purpose of providing a non-destructive, real time method of determining tritium concentrations on the surface of internal TFTR vacuum vessel components. The detector employs a green phosphor screen (P31, zinc sulfide: copper) with a wave length peak of 530 nm, a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera linked to a computer, and a detection chamber for inserting components recovered from the vacuum vessel. This detector is capable of determining tritium concentrations on the surfaces. The detector provides a method of imaging tritium deposition on the surfaces in a fairly rapid fashion.


Background There are well established gender, ethnicity and socio-economic differences in the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy, autism and allergy sensitisation.1,2,3,4 Less is known about these differences within an ED setting. Simons et al. noted a gender disparity with more boys presenting to ED with sickness, head injury and falls than girls,5 but this was not statistically significant. Aim To establish the role of gender, ethnicity, and social deprivation as factors associated with presentation to ED in children under 5. Methods Study design: A retrospective study was conducted on a routine operational data set of basic demographic data collected from a large district general hospital. Sample: Paediatric ED data 01/04/2015–31/03/2016 for children below 5 years. Levels of deprivation: 2015 Index of Multiple Deprivation.6 Office for National Statistics (ONS) mid-year data used for denominator. Analysis: Descriptive analysis. Rate ratios were calculated for each age. Deciles were obtained for each postcode using 2015 Index of Multiple Deprivation data. Results Of the 19 267 under 16 year-olds paediatric attendances, 10 925 (56.7%) were less than 5 years of age. Of these, 6227 (57%) were male; M:F ratio in ED 1.33 cf. 1.05 local population. The proportion of the population attending ED decreased with age. Presentation rate was consistently higher in males than in females, but the gender gap decreased with age. Ethnicity was recorded for 89.9% of attendances. The gender difference in presentations was greatest for the black population (622 males vs 392 females, M:F ratio 1.59 cf. 1.01 population). At extremes of IMD, the rates of presentation were lowest (4.8% decile 1, 7.3% decile 10) and gender gap is least pronounced (male:female rate ratio 1.13 decile 1, 1.26 decile 10, greatest 1.39 decile 4. Conclusions and clinical implications More males attend ED than females in all ages and ethnic groups, with greatest gender disparity in the black population. In addition, it appears that the least and most deprived are least likely to present to ED. This study emphasises the utility of operational data for epidemiological research at local level and supports the need to further explore clinical and sociological reasons for differences in gender related attendances. References . Levine R, Kilbourne B, Rust G, Langston M, Husaini B, Gittner L, Sanderson M, Hennekens C. Social determinants and the classification of disease: Descriptive epiidemiology of selected socially mediated disease constellations. PLoS One 2014;9(11). . Retico AG Alessia, Tancredi R, Cosenza A, Apicella F, Narzisi A, Biagi L, Tosetti M, Muratori F, Calderoni S. The effect of gender on the neuroanatomy of children with autism spectrum disorders: A support vector machine case-control study. Mol Autism2016;7(5). . Pickrell W, Lacey A, Bodger O, Demmler J, Thomas R, Lyons R, Smith P, Rees M, Kerr M. Epilepsy and deprivation, a data linkage study. Epilepsia2015;56(4):585–91. . Joseph C, Zoratti E, Ownby D, Havstad D, Nicholas C, Nageotte C, Misiak R Enbeg, Ezell R, Johnson C. Exploring racial differences in IgE- mediated food allergy in the WHEALS birth cohort. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol2016;116(3):219- 224. . Simons J. Young children in A&E: A local review. Paediatric Nursing1999;24(7). . Department for Communities and Local Government. The English indices of deprivation 2015;2015.


Remote sensing-based change estimation typically takes two forms. Indirect estimation entails constructing models of the relationship between the response variable of interest and remotely sensed auxiliary variables at two times and then estimating change as the difference in the model predictions. Direct estimation entails constructing models of change in the response variable directly using observations of both the response and the remotely sensed auxiliary variables at two dates. The direct method is generally preferred, although few statistically rigorous comparisons have been reported. The analyses focused on statistically rigorous, indirect and direct estimation of biomass change using forest inventory and airborne laser scanning (ALS) data for a Norwegian study area. Three sets of statistical estimators were used: simple random sampling estimators, indirect model-assisted estimators, and direct model-assisted estimators. In addition, four modeling approaches were used to support the direct model-assisted estimators. Three conclusions were drawn: first, use of the ALS auxiliary data greatly increased the precision of the estimates; second, estimates obtained using the indirect method were slightly more precise than estimates for the direct method that uses differences in the auxiliary variables as predictors; and third, modified approaches to selecting auxiliary variables and estimating coefficients for the direct method greatly increased precision. The effects of extrapolating model predictions beyond the range of the auxiliary variables in the sample are also briefly discussed.


A brief historical survey of the research undertaken to improve passenger cars safety is given in this paper. The geometric phase which aims to limit intrusion into the passenger compartment is discussed first, followed by a description of the biomechanical phase, which reproduces the stress undergone by a vehicle in a real accident in order to determine the degree of protection afforded a passenger. Finally, the article describes current research, the aim of which is to limit the task of the driver to the simple action of choosing the direction and speed of travel. Automatic devices, programs and electronics will do the detailed work. This research is a pan-european project involving thirteen nations and has been named "prometheus, programme for safety". (TRRL)


CONTEXT
The histogenesis and origin of sclerosing hemangioma (SH) of lung were uncertain for many years. Many immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and recent molecular studies support the hypothesis that SH is a neoplasm originating from the cells of the terminal lobular unit, similar to the nonmucinous variant of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). Most cases of SH are benign, but they can metastasize to the regional lymph nodes.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the patterns of allelic loss of tumor suppressor genes in SH and BAC by microdissection-based genotypic analysis.

DESIGN
Microdissection-based loss of heterozygosity analysis of 9 cases of SH and 14 cases of BAC, using a panel of 7 polymorphic microsatellite markers located on 1p, 5q, 9p, 10q, and 17p. Microsatellite marker and chromosomal arm-based fractional allelic loss (FAL) were calculated in each case.

RESULTS
Our results showed similar patterns of allelic loss between the 2 groups of tumors on an individual case basis. Chromosomal arms 5q and 10q showed frequent allelic loss in SH (66.7% and 62.5%, respectively), whereas in BAC, chromosomal arm 17p (52.6%) was frequently affected. A statistically significant difference in allelic loss between SH and BAC was located only on chromosomal arm 5q (P =.04). Microsatellite marker D5S615 was significantly more frequently affected in SH than in BAC (66.7% vs 28.6%; P =.04).

CONCLUSION
Our molecular data support the hypothesis of common origin of SH and BAC. A putative tumor suppressor gene that might play a role in tumorigenesis of SH may be located on the chromosomal arm 5q.


There is mounting evidence that Acinetobacter baumannii has a naturally occurring carbapenemase gene intrinsic in this species. Presence of class 1 integrase gene in Acinetobacter isolates is a useful marker for causing outbreaks in hospitals and for being epidemic strains of A. baumannii. The goal of the present study was to detect the resistance and outbreak marker genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (blaOXA-51-like gene and class 1 integrase gene). Also to detect the correlation between imipenem susceptibility and detection of blaOXA-51-like gene. For these purposes, 51 consecutive, non-duplicate, A. baumanii strains were isolated from various clinical and environmental specimens from the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt. All the isolates were identified by conventional standard methods. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. For imipenem, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using Epsilometer (E test). Multiplex PCR was performed for the detection of the blaOXA-51like and Class I integrase genes. The blaOXA-51-like gene was detected in (95.8%) and (96.3%) in clinical and environmental isolates, respectively. Class I integrase gene was detected in (75%) and (70.3%) in clinical and environmental isolates, respectively with statistically significant difference (P value of clinical samples = 0.041 and P value of environmental samples =0.011). This means that these strains have metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) gene (cause outbreak in hospital at any time). Also (67.35%) of A. baumanii isolates are imipenem sensitive and positive for blaOXA-51-like gene and this means that these isolates contain hidden metallo beta lactamase MBL gene.


This paper examined the 26th official update (speech) of President Nana Akufo-Addo of Ghana to Ghanaians on the enhanced measures taken to fight the Coronavirus Pandemic. The aim is to examine the extent to which he communicates competently and effectively in managing the spread of the virus. The study adopted the content analytical method which involves qualitative method of data presentation and analysis. The framework employed for the analysis was Habermas' (1979) Universal Pragmatics. Universal Pragmatics posits that anyone acting communicatively cannot avoid raising the following validity claims: uttering something understandable, giving the hearer something to understand, making himself understandable and coming to an understanding with another person. The analysis revealed the update as having met the validity claims set by Habermas and therefore competent and effective in combating the spread of the deadly disease.
Key words: Coronavirus, Political speech, Universal pragmatics, Validity claims, President Nana Akufo-Addo


Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation has become an important forest resource in Anfu County.This paper is based on the data of 1 526 sample trees.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of the tree trunk changes,the two-way tree volume model which being validated for the C.lanceolata plantation in Anfu County was established.After testing the applicability,the model has high accuracy,stable and reliable.The parameters of the model can explain the objective law of wood reflected.The model is recommended for use in Anfu County.


gamma-Secretase mediates the intramembranous proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP), Notch and other cellular substrates and is considered a prime pharmacological target in the development of therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer. We describe here an efficient, new, simple, sensitive and rapid assay to quantify gamma-secretase activity in living cells by flow cytometry using membrane-bound fluorescent probes, APP-GFP or C99-GFP,and Notch-De GFP as substrates for gamma-secretase. By applying two well-known gamma-secretase inhibitors (DAPT and L-685,458), we validated our assay showing that the positional GFP-based probes for gamma-secretase activity behave properly when expressed in different cell lines. Moreover, by co-expression of different familial AD-linked mutated forms of presenilin--the key component of the gamma-secretase complex--in cells devoid of any endogenous gamma-secretase, our method allowed us to evaluate in situ the contribution of different presenilin variants to the modulation of the enzyme.


Purpose: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has variable degree of F-18 FDG avidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between F-18 FDG uptake and pathological or immunohistochemical features of DTC. Materials and Methods: DTC patients who underwent both pre-operative F-18 FDG PET/CT scan and surgery were included in the study. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of primary tumor were calculated. If the primary tumor showed no perceptibly increased F-18 FDG uptake, region of interest was drawn based on finding of CT portion of the PET/CT images. Pathological and immunohistochemical markers such as presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis and underlying thyroiditis, tumor size, Ki-67 labeling index, expressions of EGFR, COX-2, and Galectin-3 were evaluated. Results: Total of 106 patients was included (102 papillary carcinomas, 4 follicular carcinomas). The mean SUVmax of the large tumors (above 1 cm) was significantly higher than the mean SUVmax of small (equal to or less than 1 cm) ones (7.8±8.5 vs. 3.6±3.1, p=0.004). No significant difference in F-18 FDG uptake was found according to the presence or absence of LN metastasis and underlying thyroiditis, or the degree of Ki-67 labeling index, expression of EGFR, COX-2 and Galectin-3. Conclusion: In conclusion, the degree of F-18 FDG uptake in DTC was associated with the size of primary tumor. But there seem to be no relationship between F-18 FDG uptake of DTC and expression of Ki-67, EGFR, COX-2 and Galectin-3. (Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009;43(1):40-47)


In his article 'Emotion in physics' (Physics Bulletin December 1976 p547) Dr W J Duffin touched on many points which I would like to develop in a wider perspective, perhaps out of the limited perspective that Dr Duffin is encouraging physicists to feel their way out of. Dr Duffin's suggestion that emotion should be injected into physics appears to me as false as the banishment of emotion from physics.


Raman spectra of aqueous solutions of Na+ and ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (edta) at pH 4.5–13 have been obtained together with those of a number of related solid complexes of edta. Analysis of the data suggests that the Hedta3– ion adopts a configuration, at pH 7.5 in water, in which both nitrogens are equally protonated and hydrogen bonds are formed to two carboxylate groups. The configuration of the H2edta2– ion is probably similar, but involves hydrogen bonds to four carboxylate groups.


Maintenance access to the access-protected physically, for example, a mechanical lock the maintenance cover, for ensuring the establishment of the security check information securely. The use of additional security check information is maintained in the decentralized interfaces to establish security for the maintenance of logical access functionality. For this reason, without communication access mobile service interface on the device itself protected with the physical, but rather by the dispensing interface to access a protected communication over the second mobile service authentication module and the physical device. By this authentication module, via a further decentralized communication network interface provides information to a security check on the security of the network service access.


We present a mean field treatment of a strongly correlated model of electrons in a three-dimensional anisotropic system. The mass of the bare electrons is larger in one spatial direction (the c-axis direction), than in the other two (the ab-planes). We use a slave fermion decomposition of the electronic degrees of freedom and show that there is a transition from a deconfined to a confined phase in which there is no coherent band formation along the c-axis.


In this paper, one new type positioning stage is designed to improve the stroke and accuracy of ultra-precision positioning stage. The pneumatic metal bellows are used as a driving part, and the moving platform is supported with air guide sliders to realize larger stroke and ultra precision positioning with frictionless. The dynamic model of the system and the hysteresis model on the basis of PI model are provided and the corresponding parameters of PI model are optimized and identified according to the initial loading curve. Additionally, the self-adaptive controller with hysteresis compensation is designed to improve the dynamic characteristics of the system and the corresponding PID parameters are optimized according to the reference model. The experimental results with sawtooth signal and multiple frequency signals on the positioning stage show that, in the presence of the self-adaptive controller with hysteresis compensation, the maximum tracking error is 1.57μm and the average error is 0.77μm on sawtooth signal, while the maximum error is 0.92μm and the average error is 0.58μm on multiple frequency signal, so the proposed method can achieve high performance of the ultra-precision positioning.


The informal regulations of Accreditation Institution of Higher Education In USA affect not only the behaviors of all action bodies concerned with accreditation,but also the establishment of the formal regulations of the institutions.This paper analyzes the"institutional culture",which include the key values of academic freedom and institute autonomy,pragmatism and individualism.


A field experiment conducted in Sweden compared the effectiveness of two types of telephone pre-calls in influencing response rates in a mail survey. Response rates for a questioning foot-in-the-door manipulation were evaluated against responses produced by a simple solicitation call and a blind mailing control. The results demonstrate that pre-calling in general enhances response rate. However, the results furnish, at best, qualified support for a self-perception theory prediction. Alternative explanations for the lack of the self-perception foot effect are offered. Conclusions are drawn for the practitioner and academic researcher.


Based on thermal vacuum tests (TV2; June August 2007), the performance of the WFC3 near-IR G102 and G141 grisms has been assessed. The locations of the different orders relative to exposures taken through a direct imaging filter are determined, trace and wavelength solutions are derived, and the absolute throughput of the different orders is quantified. The trace and wavelength solutions were found to be linear functions varying smoothly as function of field of view. Aperture corrections are given for both grims as function of wavelength. Furthermore, we describe flat-field cubes that provide pixel-to-pixel information as function of wavelength to an accuracy of about 1%. New detectors in the UV and IR channels are being tested in TV3 (March – April 2008), therefore updates for the sensitivity calibrations are to be expected while geometric properties are predicted to remain stable.


In order to solve the problem of complex calculation and low operation speed,and to meet the demand of real time system,a fingerprint identification system is designed in this paper.This system takes ARM controller S3C2410 as main control module to manage tasks and control input-output interface and peripheral equipment.Digital signal processor chip TMS320VC5416 is taken as data processing module to achieve fast data processing of fingerprint image.Interface circuit and the software of main control module and collector have been designed.The experimental results prove that this design can meet the demand of the real-time system performance effectively.


A method of displaying non-stereoscopic images in three-dimensional moving presentations includes providing or receiving non-stereoscopic frames of two-dimensional images and stereoscopic frames of three-dimensional images and alternatingly displaying non-stereoscopic frames at least once to a left eye and at least once to a right eye. The method further includes setting and operating a display rate for the alternatingly displaying of the non-stereoscopic frames to a mean integer number of flashes per frame for the left eye and for the right eye or mean non-integer number of flashes per frame for the left eye and for the right eye such that the flashes are equal in duration and some flashes of a current frame are displayed into a following frame period.


We investigate the structure of the code graph of a multicast network that has a characteristic shape of an inverted equilateral triangle. We provide a criterion that determines the validity of a receiver placement within the code graph, present invariance properties of the determinants corresponding to receiver placements under symmetries, and provide a complete study of these networks' receivers and required field sizes up to a network of 4 sources. We also improve on various definitions related to code graphs.


Living anionic polymerization of two kinds of methyl-substituted β-lactams, 3,3-dimethyl-, and 4,4-dimethyl-2-azetidinones, was attained at 25°C in N,N-dimethylacetamide containing 5 wt % of lithium chloride and proceeded in a homogeneous phase quantitatively. The resulting polyamides were found to have a narrow molecular weight distribution from the gel permeation chromatography. The number average molecular weights estimated from the peak intensities in the 1H-NMR spectra were almost equal to those calculated from the mol ratio of the consumed lactam to the corresponding N-benzoyl derivative used as an activator. In addition, the acyllactam-type growing chain ends were modified quantitatively by the reaction with benzylamine after the polymerization. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


This is a qualitative study that had as objective to know the way to identify the managers with their work in Basic Health Units (UBS) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. The data had been collected by means of semi-structured interview and then analyzed. The analysis showed ties in the manifested identification by the surveyed subjects. By the results obtained, it was possible to pinpoint the existence of emotional, ideological, professional, and psychological ties. In spite of some depreciation, it was possible to notice other sources of compensation and identification towards their work and organization. This allows them to invest in improvement courses, and as a consequence, invest in both their personal and professional growth. Also, it has been expressed the managers freedom to act in their everyday life at work, the tenacity they display in their daily practices, and their autonomy.


To make full use of boundary-layer effect to improve heat transfer efficiency,a new triangular perforated fin was presented.3D numerical simulation on thermal performance of different convective heat transfer fins was carried out by using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software.Compared with the related experimental data,the validation of CFD model was verified.The effects of hole opening rates and hole stagger spaces on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics were analyzed.Results showed that the fin with larger opening rate had better heat transfer characteristic than that with the smaller one,and the fin with hole stagger space of 1/2 unit width had better heat transfer performance.The triangular perforated fins had superior heat transfer performance compared with serrated fin on heat transfer quality factoryj/f~(1/3).


A method for the decomposition of the pollutants of coke plant wastewater by ultrasonic technology was studied.The factors dominating the decomposition efficiencies of the organic compounds,such as the ultrasonic power,the initial CODCr concentrations,the initial pH values,reaction time,cavitation gas and hydrostatic pressure in reactor were examined.The best technology condition was obtained by orthogonal experiment,under which,the decomposition efficiency of PAHs was analyzed.


We describe a technique that enables the reception of spacecraft commands at received signal levels as much as three orders of magnitude below those of current deep space systems. It reduces the cost of deep space operations by enabling the use of small aperture ground antennas to control spacecraft during the cruise phase. With the proposed system, referred to as tone-based commanding, control of spacecraft at interplanetary distances is possible using ground antennas of the 5 to 10-meter diameter class. Tone-based commanding involves the reception of commands that are sent in the form of precise frequency offsets using an open-loop receiver. The key elements of this technique are an ultrastable oscillator and open-loop receiver on-board the spacecraft. Both are part of the existing New Horizons (Pluto flyby) communication system design, thus enabling possible flight experimentation with the technique during the long cruise of the spacecraft to Pluto.


Phosphorus applied to tropical soils is usually easily rendered unavailable to plants because of the high fixing power of these soils. Fox et al. (1968) fitted adsorption data into the linear form of Langmuir adsorption equation and obtained adsorption maxima of 2583 and 2715mg/kg for two Hawaiian soils. Similarly, high phosphorus adsorptions have been obtained for other latosols. In satisfying the phosphorus needs of plants therefore, adequate allowance must be made for P adsorption. While latosols generally have high phosphorus fixing capacity, it does not seem probable that tropical surface sandy soils as found in the pineapple growing areas of southern Nigeria would adsorb phosphorus very highly (Humphreys and Pritchett, 1970; Fox and Kamprath, 1970; IITA, 2007). Udo and Uzu (1972) studied the characteristics of phosphorus adsorption in ten Nigerian soils and found that the capacity to absorb phosphorus varied among the soils, but in general the more strongly weathered soils from the eastern area adsorbed more phosphorus than those from the western Nigeria area. The known pineapple producing soil used (Akpabuyo acid sands) is far from typical. The pH (1:1 soil water ratio) of this soil was 3.70 while the pH of the basement complex soil is usually in the range 4.0 + Abstract: Phosphorus adsorption studies were carried out in May 2014 on some soils supporting the pineapple production in Cross River State, Southern Nigeria. All the soils sorbed from little to moderately large amounts of phosphate. The phosphorus adsorption maxima as determined from linear plots of Langmuir adsorption equation ranged from 95 to 356mg/kg P, the soils derived from basement complex rocks having higher adsorption maxima than the acid sand soils. P adsorption was significantly correlated with Al and Fe sesquioxides, exchangeable Al as well as clay content. The Al and Fe sesquioxides both accounted for 68.0 percent of the variation observed in phosphate sorption. Phosphorus requirements of the pineapple in the soils estimated from P adsorption isotherms at 0.2mg/kg supernatant P concentration ranged from 0.103 to 0.318kg super phosphate per sucker of pineapple and were significantly correlated with the relative yield data obtained from the field experiments. The indication therefore was that the values obtained approximately or are closely related to the true phosphate requirement of the pineapple in these soils. The more strongly phosphorus adsorbing soils, the ferruginous soils of Iwuru and Idomi had P adsorption maxima of 356 and 315mg/kg respectively.


【Objective】The objective of the study were elucidate the chromatism index variation of fruit peel from 'Newhall' navel orange(Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck 'Newhall') and its glossy mutant during the fruit development. 【Methods】The value of L, a, b, c and h0were detected by CR-400 colorimeter. 【Result】The results showed as follows:(1) The L value and glossy degree of both materials were increased during the fruit development.(2) According to the variation of fruit peel chromatism index, the fruit development of both materials could be divided into green stage, color change stage and mature stage.(3) In the color change stage, the green color of mutant peel faded faster than 'Newhall' control. Moreover, the red and yellow degree of mature mutant fruit peel was higher than the control, which suggested that the mutant fruit peel color was stronger than that of control. 【Conclusion】The mutant fruit had more excellent exterior quality than the control.


Sunphenon (BG), a polyphenol rich fraction of green tea, which exhibits potent anti-oxidant and anticancer activity, was examined for its ability to react with free radicals and singlet oxygen using fast reaction kinetic tools. Employing nanosecond pulse radiolysis technique, hydroxyl (•OH) radical scavenging ability of sunphenon was compared with a standard thiocyanate anion, which indicated that sunphenon reacts with •OH produced a transient absorption spectrum with λmax at 380 and 480 nm, which is characteristic of gallocatechin phenoxyl radicals. It also scavenges singlet oxygen very efficiently and decreases its life time from 64 to 21 µs on addition of 4.5 mg/mL of sunphenon and the nitric oxide (NO), superoxide (O2•−) and hydroxyl radical scavenging actions of sunphenon were estimated by steady state methods. Sunphenon showed higher reactivity towards 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals as compared to ascorbic acid with an IC50 value of 6.9 mg/mL and possesses ∼89 % ascorbate equivalents in scavenging 2,2′-azino-bis (3-thylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid•−. Cyclic voltammetry of sunphenon showed two oxidation peaks with peak at a potential of 0.33 V and 0.74 V, indicative of its redox potential. Sunphenon protects peroxide-induced damage to mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inhibits radiation induced DNA damage in plasmid pBR322 DNA. Based on these studies, it is confirmed that sunphenon is one of the richest sources of free radical scavengers. The free radical scavenging ability of sunphenon is as high as any pure compound, a property which is not seen in many extracts.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Our study envisage the potential properties of sunphenon, a green tea polyphenol by its anti-oxidant activity of scavenging free radicals such as hydroxyl, superoxide, nitric oxide, singlet oxygen, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-thylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid•− and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and also possesses protective action against peroxide-induced mitochondrial damage, radiation induced DNA damage and having high redox potential. Based on its potential ability it might be useful in filed of drug discovery for making novel drugs or nanoparticles for treating various diseases.


Declaration I have written this thesis independently, solely based on the literature and tools mentioned in the chapters and the appendix. This document in the present or a similar form has not and will not be submitted to any other institution apart from the University of Rostock to receive an academical grade.


Objective To explore the change of hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) and uric acid in acute coronary syndrome and their relationship with coronary artery stenosis.Methods 80 cases with acute coronary syndrome proved by coronary angiography were selected as research subjects,including 45 patients with unstable angina pectoris and 35 patients with acute myocardial infarction,30 cases of health people were selected as control group.The difference of hs-CRP and uric acid among three groups and their relationship with coronary artery stenosis were studied.Results Serum hs-CRP and uric acid in the patients with unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction were much higher than those in the control group(P 0.05),but there was no significant difference between unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction patients(P 0.05);with the increasing of coronary lesion vessels in acute coronary syndrome,serum hs-CRP and uric acid greatly increased(P 0.05);Pearson correlation analysis results showed that there were significant correlation between hs-CRP and uric acid(r = 0.387,P 0.05).Conclusion hs-CRP and uric acid may participate in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome by inflammatory response.They have relationship with coronary artery stenosis and could be indexes for evaluating the disease condition.


We establish global weighted W2,p, 2 < p < ∞, estimates for the solution to the Dirichlet problem for an elliptic equation in nondivergence form with BMO coefficients in a C1,1 domain under the assumption that the matrix of the coefficients has a small BMO semi-norm while the associated weight belongs to a Muckenhoupt class. These conditions are weaker than those reported in the literature.


To the Editor: We read with great interest the article published in a recent issue of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine by Clayton et al (1). This retrospective study analyzed the results of initial respiratory support with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in a large, multicenter database (n = 6,496) of infants with acute bronchiolitis. Due to methodologic reasons, the authors resort to observational analyses of existing "big data" because a randomized trial would not have been feasible. They admit that relevant clinical aspects related to the risk of intubation were not properly taken into account. In our opinion, the weakness of their conclusions are based on severe methodologic flaws related to confounding bias. Confounding bias (2) results from the existence of common causes of exposure and outcome (backdoor paths). In order to estimate causal effects without bias, observational studies require accurate measurement of and adjustment for confounders. And, assuming that there is no unmeasured or residual confounding, causal inference analytical methods based on inverse-probability weight can control for the individual variables, or the estimated propensity score, blocking those backdoor paths and computing the average causal effect. However, appropriate control of confounding bias requires that the variables adjusted for are valid and reliable measurements of all the confounding domains. Using a directed acyclic graph, our a priori assumptions about the causal structure of interest in this problem can be represented (Fig. 1). There is confounding bias for the effect of A on Y because of the presence of the unmeasured common cause C that opens a backdoor path A ← C → Y. The measured variable C', which can be associated with the unmeasured C, is a proxy or surrogate confounder for C. Adjusting for the measured C', may indirectly adjust for some of the confounding caused by C. However, the effect of this adjustment depends on the strength of correlation between C and C'. If C' correlated perfectly with C then it might make no difference whether one conditions on C or on C'. Unfortunately, because bronchiolitis has very low mortality, the variable chosen as surrogate confounder, Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) score, has shown suboptimal correlation in infants with the real confounder, respiratory failure severity (3). So the analysis might be biased, as you can suspect looking at supplementary material and noting how the results change when the proxy variable is or is not included in the classical logistic model. Probably, it is a partially adjusted effect result. Using ROBINS-I tool (4), it can be observed that there is a "serious/critical" risk of confounding bias, caused by an unmeasured confounder (respiratory failure severity) that is unreliably expressed by its surrogate variable (PIM score). A more rigorous analysis, adjusted for severity of respiratory failure (i.e., Wood-Downs score), would probably result in different conclusions. In fact, the results of TRAMONTANE trial (5) where that HFNC did not reach noninferiority threshold of 15% in relation to continuous positive airway pressure which disagree with Clayton et al (1) and "when a hypothesis disagrees with the experiment, the hypothesis is wrong. In that simple statement is the key to science (R. Feynman, 1965)." Dr. Pons Odena's institution received funding from Air Liquide Healthcare; he received funding from ResMed and Fisher & Paykel; and he disclosed that their hospital received disposable material from ResMed, Fisher & Paykel, and Philips. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.


The aim of this text is to provide a broad picture of agrarianism as an ideology, especially in Eastern and Central Europe during the inter-war period, summarizing the main features in contemporary political programs and discussions on agrarianism in order to create a framework for further analysis. The text will focus on explaining the agrarianist view of history, and on the mechanisms of social change, political power, and the organization of society. Moreover, some historiographical notes on earlier studies on East European agrarianism will be included, focusing on their understanding of the origins of agrarianism, its character, and its destiny in the region. In Eastern Europe, agrarianism arose in a historical context characterized by numerous agrarian crises and rural uprisings, and in a situation in which agriculture and society were rapidly modernized. The rural population had rapidly increased, causing overpopulation and a great scarcity of land. Mechanization threatened the rural labourers with unemployment. Economically and politically, many parts of the region had been kept in a semi-feudal condition up to the eve of World War I. This made Eastern European agriculture lag behind Western European agriculture in most aspects. One of the prime scholars on interwar agrarian conditions in Eastern Europe, Doreen Warriner, has roughly characterized this difference by stating that the farms of Western Europe were twice as large, carried twice as much capital to the acre, produced twice as much corn to the acre, yet employed only half as many people as the farms of Eastern Europe. The Eastern European countryside was, further, overpopulated in proportion to its arable land and harvest capacity, and many small peasant holdings could not feed the families living on them. This problem was popularly referred to as land hunger, and the proposed solution was mostly a demand for more land. With the end of the World War I, and in the liberal spirit of the time, universal suffrage and democratic institutions were imposed from above, giving the peasants an


Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the prevalent inflammatory diseases all over the world. Recent studies have shown some kind of relation between CRS and mood disorders such as depression and anxiety this study aims to assess this relationship in an outpatient setting. Methods: In this case control study 162 CRS patients and 151 healthy subjects as control group were selected. Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) questionnaire was presented to all of them. Depression and anxiety subscales of the questionnaire were compared in two groups. Results: According to depression 21.6% of case group and 21.2% of control group were scaled as depressed and 34% of cases and 32.7% of control subjects were in need of medical care for anxiety. None of these differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Although depression and anxiety are prevalent in CRS patients but it is not more prevalent than normal population.


The law as interpreted in court rulings legislation and custom is moving in the direction of allowing minors to consent to medical services when necessary or appropriate. There have always been circumstances--marriage membership in the armed forces or gainful employment away from home--when young people were considered to be "emancipated" and allowed certain adult rights. The trend is toward further liberalization. Most states now allow certain groups of minors to consent to some or all of their health care needs. No doctor has been found guilty for treating a minor over 15 with his own consent. In 48 states doctors may treat venereal disease in minors without parental permission. Only 16 states allow minors to seek pregnancy care without parental permission and only 9 plus the District of Columbia allow minors to receive contraceptive services without parental permission. 13 states have now enacted comprehensive laws allowing minors to consent to all phases of medical treatment.


In 1998 the Polish writer, Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004), observed: ''In my lifetime Heaven and Hell disappeared...After two thousand years in which a huge edifice of creeds and dogmas had been erected, from Origen and St Augustine to Thomas Aquinas and Cardinal Newman, when every work of the human mind and of human hands was created within a system of reference, the age of homelessness has dawned.'' The new circumstances in which Christianity now exists are acknowledged by most commentators nowadays. And it must be admitted that, as regards belief in hell, specifically, the future doesn't look too bright, even in the judgement of mainstream theologians.


Climate change and its influence on ecosystems, requires evaluation of species and their ability to cope with the changing temperatures. In fishes, performance failure at high temperature is associated to thermal tolerance CT max (critical maximum temperature) and hypoxia tolerance supporting OCLTT concept (oxygen and capacity limited thermal temperature).  Ribbon fishoccurs widely along the Khar- Danda sea coast 18.96 N &72.82 E  of the western sea coast of  Mumbai,Maharashtra,.It is represented in Indian water by six species out of which four species namely Trichiuruslepturus, Trichiurussavala (Cuvier) Eplurogamusmaticus (Gray) and Eplurogamusintermides (Gray) are common to Mumbai coast of Maharashtra. Gupta (1967), James (1967), Rao et al (1977). The Temperature here varies  between 25°C to 35°C . Due to climate change it has increased to a maximum of 41.3°C in March 2011(Highest in decade). The species have been greatly affected by thermally limited oxygen delivery(26,30) which closely matches with environmental temperature of  the place). It has brought a decrease in their  population , growth pattern and aerobic performance Thus the warming sea will be the first step to cause extinction of the marine life(11, 37). The difference between the demand for oxygen and the capacity of oxygen supply to tissues is the first mechanism to restrict  animal  tolerance to thermal extremes.


Energy losses occurring in a cylindrical sample of Gd-Ba-Cu-0, subjected to an external AC magnetic field were examined. The loss dependence on the amplitude of the magnetic induction exhibits two stages of flux penetration into the superconductor. Critical current densitities for both stages of penetration were examined and an explanation for such behaviour is proposed. Support for this point of view is obtained by measurements on pulverized sample material. All measurements were performed at a temperature of 4.2 K and in absence of a background field. Analysis of the data provides two critical current densities: an inter-granular critical current density at weak alternating magnetic fields and an intra-granular critical current density at higher magnetic fields. The intra-granular critical current density is at least two orders of magnitude larger than the inter-granular one.


the Protestant Ethic of hard work, obedience to authority, thrift, and self-restraint as the most meaningful basis for the worship of God. With the end of the Civil War came industrialism and a gradual turning to the pursuit of the "almighty dollar" as the newly emerging focus of our energies. Fromm' points out that man has freed himself from the old bonds of slavery and feudalism and become an individual, enjoying certain rights and liberties. However, he has not gained freedom in the positive sense of realizing his intellectual and artistic possibilities. He has gained too much freedom from traditional controls,


In parallel with business developments, the scholarly conversation about digitalization of Global Talent Management (GTM) has taken off with the focus on specific aspects of digitalization, primari...


By comparing the award-winning Franco-Russian film Babousya (2003) by Lidia Bobrova (b. 1952) and several novels by Andrei Makine (b. 1957), a Russian-born French-language writer, this article demonstrates that both artists posit the impoverishment and disempowerment of old people as symptomatic of Russia's transformation into a capitalist society. While opposing the self-effacing and ever-suffering elderly to the newly-rich business class of post-perestroika Russia, Makine and Bobrova express their unabashed nostalgia for Communism or perhaps even for the pre-Petrine past. Opposed to the city, which is often synonymous with the West, the rural Arcadia they advocate is marked by communalism, solidarity, generosity, loyalty to tradition and respect for the elderly, whereby Makine and Bobrova perpetuate Slavophiles' belief in the virtue of the common folk and in Russia's inherent distinctiveness from, not to say superiority to, the West.


In this paper we model a class of propagation processes for multiple competing products on a contact network and analyze the resulting dynamical behaviors.We assume three types of product-adoption processes for each individual: self adoption, social adoption and social conversion. On this basis, we build a Markov chain model of the competitive propagation process. Based on the independence approximation, a difference equations system, referred to as the network competitive propagation model, is derived to approximate the original Markov chain. Both simulation work and theoretical results are given to evaluate the accuracy of the independence approximation. The network competitive propagation model does not exclude the long-term coexistence of the mutually exclusive competing products spreading in a single-layer network. The result on coexistence is contrary to some previous literature on the propagation of multiple memes. Moreover, we find that the probability distributions of nodes' states achieve asymptotic consensus, which indicates that our network competitive propagation model is a good example of network dynamics with both consensus and propagation behaviors. Theoretical analysis also reveals that, the rate of convergence to the consensus value depends on the self-adoption process, social conversion process, as well as the network topology.


We read with great interest the article by Jonas F. Ludvigsson on COVID-19 infection in Children 1 . He conducted a systematic literature review to identify papers on COVID-19. The conclusion was that COVID-19 infection can occur in children, but they seemed to have a lower incidence as well as a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults.


Food wastes with different regional origins were mixed with bulking agent such as paper mill sludge or night soil, and aged for 21 days or 28 days. And aged food wastes were fed to the earthworm(tiger worm, Eisenia fetida) for 60 days. There were no significant physico-chemical differences among the food wastes with different regional origins. EC values and NaCl concentrations in food wastes were too high for earthworms to survive. Food wastes mixed with paper mill sludge were vermicomposted more efficiently than food wastes mixed with night soil, but the over-all vermicomposting rates on the food wastes were much lower than that on paper mill sludge because EC values and NaCl concentrations were still high for earthworm to compost the feeds. Earthworm population did not increase its biomass on the food wastes mixed with paper mill sludge or night soil, whereas earthworm population fed with paper mill sludge increased its biomass by 20% for 60 days. It could be concluded that a solution for reducing NaCl concentrations in food waste should be developed to vermicompost food waste.


Summary Connecting rod, common rail, alternator pole are typical parts produced by conventional closed die hot forging processes. Reduction of the material, energy, tooling and labor cost by means of innovative solutions push the researchers to develop more and more on flashless forging technology. Axi-symmetrical or simple geometrical parts can be forged without flash for many years in the forging industry. As the part geometry becomes more complex, more complex tools are necessary with more precise analysis steel on going as R&D activities. In this study, requirements for the success in flashless forging are reviewed and innovative tooling design and process solutions for semi-hot and hot forging process sequences that enable to forge complex shaped parts such as connecting rod, common rail and alternator pole in fully closed dies are examined by experiments in real forging shop floor.


There exists the big gap between marketing specialty,and other famous brand or characteristic specialties in our university.To the primal problem of specialty construction of marketing,the article proposes the improving ways:refining the characteristic of specialty;strengthening the teaching materials to ensure high-quality materials into the classroom;enhancinng the teacher's abilities;reinforcing the practice teaching to improve the practical ability of student;and deepening the educational content and curriculum reform etc.


The American theory of martial law evolved gradually under a dense cloud of confusion and ambiguity. Until the troublesome years from 1830 to 1860, most jurists and commentators tended to equate martial with military law and to hold that it applied exclusively to members of the armed forces. But after 1830, when Americans began to feel the pressures of governing a continental empire in combination with domestic unrest and found themselves in situations requiring a resort to military power as the only means of preserving the social and constitutional order, the concept of martial law took on new meaning. This article focuses upon this development of a new theory of emergency powers in the United States during the first three-quarters of a century under the Constitution.


IgG and IgA, albumin and lactoferrin as well as the semen compartment parameters acid phosphatase, fructose and spermatozoa were determined in separately collected fractions of the same ejaculate of some normal donors. The distribution over the fractions per ejaculate of IgG, IgA and albumin was generally more or less similar to the distribution of acid phosphatase indicating that the bulk of these proteins enters the semen via the prostate and not via the vesicles or testis and epididymis. The distribution of lactoferrin unexpectedly was not clearly related to fructose. IgM could not be detected.

The concentrations in the (eight) total ejaculates expressed as percentages of the serum concentrations were for albumin slightly higher than for IgG, both in the order of 1% and moreover correlated with each other, indicating that IgG reached the seminal fluid in general by transudation from the circulation. The relative IgA concentrations could not be measured exactly but seemed to be slightly higher than of albumin, and not correlated to albumin concentrations, suggesting that local production of IgA may occur also.


Abstract Let f(x) be a polynomial with integer coefficients. We say that the prime p is a prime divisor of f(x) if p divides f(m) some integer m. For each positive integer n, we give an explicit construction of a polynomial all of whose prime divisors are ±1 modulo (8n + 4). Consequently, this specific polynomial serves as an "Euclidean" polynomial for the Euclidean proof of Dirichlet's theorem on primes in the arithmetic progression ±1 (mod 8n + 4). Let be a finite field with p 2 elements. We use that the multiplicative group of is cyclic in our proof.


An abundant freshwater supply is a basic necessity for the development of human civilization. For thousands of years we have lived in cities built on rivers so that we could drink, wash, and move from place to place on these waters. Yet, only in the last 200 years have we seen rapid developments in water treatment. We have come a long way in the last century, and the future holds a lot of promise. This is a brief summary of where weâve been and where weâre headed.


This article presents an analysis of heat exposure work in boiler industry wood from a company in the industrial sector, focusing on the analysis of the environmental burden of the activity. Therefore, the methodological procedures consisted of document analysis, interviews, filming, evaluation problems of the effects of the hot environment and its prevention. The results show that the fuel to the boiler operators are exposed to heat and need guidance on their daily activities with prevention of diseases affected by excessive heat. Are also suggested training in technical and health to improve working conditions and the operator's health.


This article envisions urban agriculture as a solution to address global warming by decreasing the urban heat island effect while also addressing many other urban sustainability issues, such as multi-functionality, creating new commons, amenities and ecosystem services, reinventing urbanity, encouraging community building by growing local food, and enhanced water management. This article examines how urban design and planning can promote this solution to reconfigure more sustainable and resilient cities. A crucial aspect is that urban planning should evolve from its traditional prescriptive form to adaptive planning. An important point in adaptive planning is that anybody concerned should be associated with the decision-making process, which requires the involvement of citizens in the decisions that affect them.


Language models are of importance in speech recognition, document classi cation, and database selection algorithms. Traditionally language models are learned from corpora specifically acquired for the purpose. Increasingly, however, there is interest in constructing language models for speci c languages from heterogeneous sources such as the web. Querybased sampling has been shown to be e ective for gauging the content of monolingual heterogeneous databases. We propose evaluating an extension to this approach by considering the case of learning a monolingual language model from a multilingual database, and extensions to the querybased sampling algorithm to handle this case. We test our approach on a corpus collected from the WWW and sho w that our proposed methods perform accurately and e ciently for learning a language model of Tagalog, when these documents are only 2.5% of the documents in a collection.


SUMMARY Finite element solutions of the primitive equation (PE) form of the shallow water equations are notorious for the severe spurious 2Ax modes which appear. Wave equation (WE) solutions do not exhibit these numerical modes. In this paper we show that the severe spurious modes in PE solutions are strongly influenced by essential normal flow boundary conditions in the coupled continuity-momentum system of equations. This is demonstrated through numerical examples that avoid the use of essential normal flow boundary conditions either by specifying elevation values over the entire boundary or by implementing natural flow boundary conditions in the weak weighted residual form of the continuity equation. Results from a series of convergence tests show that PE solutions are of nearly the same quality as WE solutions when spurious modes are suppressed by alternative specification of the boundary conditions. Network intercomparisons indicate that varying nodal support does not excite spurious modes in a solution, although it does enhance the spurious modes introduced when an essential normal flow boundary condition is used. Dispersion analysis of discrete equations for interior and boundary nodes offers an explanation of the observed solution behaviour. For certain PE algorithms a mixed situation can arise where the boundary nodes exhibit a monotonic (noise-free) dispersion relationship and the interior nodes exhibit a folded (noisy) dispersion relationship. We have found that the mixed situation occurs when all boundary nodes are specified elevation nodes (which are enforced as essential conditions in the continuity equation) or when specified flow boundary nodes are treated as natural boundary conditions in the continuity equation. In either case the effect is to generate a solution that is essentially free of noise. Apparently, the monotonic dispersion behaviour at the boundaries suppresses the otherwise noisy behaviour caused by the folded dispersion relation on the interior.


GpmAgene encoding phosphoglycerate mutase of Pasteurella multocida strain HN06 originated from swine was amplified by PCR and cloned into pET-30a(+)expression vector.After being sequenced,the recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21.The transformed bacteria were induced with IPTG and produced a recombinant protein of 32 ku in mass.In result,20mmol/L IPTG and 3hof induction time were the excellent conditions for the protein production and more pure proteins would be produced after Ni+-column purification.The purified protein could react with the positive serum with the antibody against strain HN06 in a Western-blot test,which showed that the expressed protein had strong reactionogenicity.