The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for realizing the eco-economic sustainable development in hilly regions of south China through the opportunity of the reform of the woodland property right system.Methods of statistical analysis and empirical research have been employed in this paper.This paper discusses the problem about the woodland utilization and brings forward a series of countermeasures.These Countermeasures mainly include perfecting the woodland property right system,practicing the industrialization management of the woodland products,improving the woodland intensive utilization and protecting the environment etc.The paper has concluded that we must protect the environment when we open out the woodland resource in the hilly regions of south China,and we should adjust measures to local conditions to develop the green woodland produces in order to realize the Eco-economic sustainable development in the hilly regions of south China.


The milk powder was hydrolyzed by enzyme to produce peptide yoghurt in this paper,moreover,investigated the effect of hydrolysis on the texture of yoghurt.After the treatment by enzyme,when the degree of hydrolysis was 6% and the amount of glutin was 0.3%(w/w),the CPP and CGMP were respectively 0.044%(w/w) and 0.11%(w/v),the viscosity,hold water capacity and acidity of yoghurt were respectively 152.8×104Pa·s,69%(w/w) and 69.6 °T?


Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to determinate the concentration of two kinds of sulfonamides(sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole)in water of some typical areas of Enshi(hospital 1,hospital 2,hospital 3,a sewage treatment plant and a aquaculture farm).Results showed that,the sulfonamides were detected in water of all the typical areas above;the concentration of sulfamethoxazole was higher than that of sulfadiazine,the concentration of sulfonamides in the water of sewage treatment plant was the highest and reached the level of micrograms.


Virtual environments for educational and training purposes have become a trend in the last decade as an alternative to traditional pedagogic methods. In this work, a framework for the design of a virtual training system from a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and its integration in a virtual environment based on Unity and Computer Aided Design (CAD) modeling is presented. The system presents a 3D environment of an Automation and Control Lab and virtualization of a PLC interface with interactive digital and analog inputs and outputs. A Ladder Diagram (LD) interface for the user to address the mentioned PLC elements is also presented. A System Usability Scale (SUS) test was carried out to determine system functionality and usability, the system and the test were applied to a group of 65 participants. 15 participants evaluated the 3D environment while the other 50 evaluated the PLC and the LD interface. The obtained results show an average of 73.19 and 75.8 points respectively in the SUS tests, making it possible to determine that the usability and functionality of the systems are in a good position.


For many types of infrared scene projectors, differences in the outputs of individual elements are one source of error in projecting a desired radiance scene. This is particularly true of resistor-array based infrared projectors. Depending on the sensor and application, the desired response uniformity may prove difficult to achieve. The properties of the sensor used to measure the projector outputs critically affect the procedures that can be used for nonuniformity correction (NUC) of the projector, as well as the final accuracy achievable by the NUC. In this paper we present a description of recent efforts to perform NUC of an infrared projector under "adverse" circumstances. For example, the NUC sensor may have some undesirable properties, including: significant random noise, large residual response nonuniformity, temporal drift in bias or gain response, vibration, and bad pixels. We present a procedure for reliably determining the output versus input response of each individual emitter of a resistor array projector. This NUC procedure has been demonstrated in several projection systems at the Kinetic Kill Vehicle Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulator (KHILS) including those within the KHILS cryogenic chamber. The NUC procedure has proven to be generally robust to various sensor artifacts.


Crises are omnipresent in the organizational world. To face these situations, organizations rely on their crisis management teams to better manage these situations. How do members of these teams succeed or fail to succeed in understanding each other and in collectively framing the crisis situation, when everyone's background differs? Based on an interactional perspective, the current study proposes to respond to this question by analysing a selection of audiovisual excerpts taken from three crisis management exercises conducted in Ontario, Canada. These analyses help describe the role certain figures play in the framing of crisis management. It was found that only when these different preoccupations are articulated, taken into account and negotiated can the framing of the crisis situation evolve collectively.


BIW modal optimization with traditional FEM method was inefficiency and usually with much mass increase. FEM analysis combined with Multi-objective Optimization method was used to improve the first order frequency of BIW. Mathematic model was built by response surface method to replace FEM model and NSGA-II was used to get non-dominated solutions. During the optimization plates with high relative sensitivity was used as design variables. The first natural frequency was optimized with the mass of BIW was under control. The method in this paper is useful in big complex structures when do some optimization.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of executive compensation on the propensity to manage earnings. In particular, the authors examine an executive contractual clause known as a golden parachute (hereafter GP is interchangeably used). Usually, the triggering of a GP occurs for the following reasons: in a takeover, in termination of employment, and if the executive remains with the company through a recessionary cycle. Specifically, the authors ask the following questions: for firms that their CEO have a GP, do these firms manage earnings more? Does the age of the CEO matter for firms that have adopted a GP concerning the managing earnings?

Design/methodology/approach
The sample is based on a review of the literature on GPs and managed earnings. the authors' data come from COMPUSTAT, CRSP, EXECUCOMP and Risk Metrics, and consist of 1,184 US firms from 1992 to 2011. A GP is binary, whereas the authors represent managed earnings through accruals and real activity.

Findings
The authors find that the propensity to manage earnings varies on the type of methods strategically used. However, controlling for the effect of SOX reveals that GP firms are more likely to manage earnings. Younger CEOs are less likely to exacerbate earnings upward.

Research limitations/implications
The authors are limited to small sample based on when the data were collected.

Practical implications
The evidence shows that GP alleviates CEOs' concerns on short-term profits. However, it entrenches CEOs. Particularly, CEOs with a GP are more likely to exacerbate earnings. Thus, there is a need for compensation committees to give considerable attention to how GPs are assigned.

Originality/value
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that explores the effect of a GP on a firm's propensity to manage earnings.


Abstract
Garbage is something that disturbs and affects the community environment. Organic waste comes from living things, both humans, animals, and plants, so that it can be used for animal feed which is processed by chopping. As for the results of field observations at the Bangkinang Kota market, it can be seen that organic waste types of cabbage and mustard are commonly found in the Bangkinang Kota market, organic waste such as carrots, tomatoes, chilies, potatoes and kale are found in many trash cans but the amount is less, this type of waste dry. For the Bangkinang City area, waste transportation is carried out 2 (two) times a day, namely in the morning and evening. The most waste generated is on Wednesdays and Sundays, because those days are market days in Bangkinang Kota. The waste generated reaches 1-2 tons per day. The organic waste chopper generally consists of a frame, top casing, bottom casing, inlet, outlet, axle, bearing, and blade. The manufacture of this tool at the Laboratory of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai. The design and manufacture of organic cattle feed chopper has a size of 38 cm, width 51 cm and height 120 cm, using a 7 hp/5600 rpm diesel engine with a weight of 72 kg. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that organic mixed vegetable waste weighing 2 kg only takes 22 seconds faster, while cabbage weighing 2 kg takes 37 seconds and mustard greens weighing 2 kg takes 29 seconds. The amount of organic waste that is chopped as much as 6 kg only takes 88 seconds.

Keywords: Design, chopper, organic waste.


Background-

Mentoring in academic medicine attracts an increasing attention of researchers and policy
makers. It is considered to be a catalyst of personal and professional growth and development,
as well as an important vehicle for the transfer of academic values and science-based practice
to the new generations of academic physicians. In the countries of scientific periphery,
mentors can help young researchers obtain a training in a recognized research center abroad
and thus contribute to the build-up of the scientific capacity of their home country.
However, the meaning and key features of mentoring are not always clear and the term is
used, sometimes inappropriately, to describe different forms of developmental relationships.
Also, the effects of mentoring need to be carefully evaluated and weighted against the costs,
as medical faculty are challenged by increasing clinical, administrative, research and
educational demands.
We conducted systematic reviews to explore and summarize the existing evidence about the
meaning, characteristics, prevalence and effects of mentoring in academic medicine.
Furthermore, we conducted a primary qualitative research to explore the use of senior
academicians' informal networks to promote international mobility and scientific training of
junior medical researchers, as a part of mentoring and other developmental relationships.

Methods-

In the systematic review of quantitative research, we searched the Pubmed/MEDLINE,
Current Contents, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of
Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, and Scopus
databases from the earliest available date to May 2006. We identified studies evaluating the
effect of mentoring on career choices and academic advancement among medical students and
physicians. Minimum inclusion criteria were the description of the study population and
availability of extractable data. No restrictions were placed on study methods or language.
Abstracted data were grouped thematically into evidence tables and interpreted.
In the systematic review of qualitative research, we searched Pubmed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO,
ERIC, Scopus and Current Contents databases from the earliest available date to December
2008 and included studies that used qualitative research methodology to explore the meaning
and characteristics of mentoring in the institutions of academic medicine. No restrictions were
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placed on language of articles. The data were extracted, abstracted, summarized and
synthesized.
Primary qualitative research included 8 senior academicians who acted as the recommenders
and 8 physicians who used the senior academicians' recommendations to get a research
training in a laboratory abroad. The sample was purposive, obtained by a snowball method,
and included participants from all four Croatian schools of medicine. Data were collected
through in-depth interviews, which were transcribed and analysed using the "Framework"
approach.

Results-

In the systematic review of quantitative research, the literature search identified 3640
citations. Review of abstracts led to retrieval of 142 full text articles for assessment; 42
articles, describing 39 studies, were selected for review. Most of these were conducted in
North America, and 34 (87%) were cross-sectional self-report surveys with small sample size
and response rates. One case-control study nested in a survey used a comparison group
without mentoring, and 1 cohort study had small sample size and large loss to follow-up. Less
than 50% of medical students and in some fields less than 20% of faculty members had a
mentor. Women perceived that they had more difficulty finding mentors than their male
colleagues. Mentorship was reported to have an important influence on personal development,
career guidance, career choice, and research productivity, including publication and grant
success.
In the systematic review of qualitative research, 8487 citations were identified, 114 full text
articles were assessed and 9 articles were selected for review. All studies were conducted in
North America and most focused on initiation and cultivation phases of the mentoring
relationship. Mentoring was described as a complex relationship based on mutual interests,
both professional and personal. Mentees should take an active role in the formation and
development of mentoring relationship. Good mentors should be sincere in their dealings with
mentees, able to listen actively and understand mentees' needs, and have a well-established
position within the academic community. Some of the mentoring functions aim at the
mentees' academic growth and others at personal growth. Barriers to mentoring and
dysfunctional mentoring can be related to personal factors, relational difficulties and
structural/institutional barriers.
Qualitative research showed that the process of recommending junior physicians for research
training abroad can take four forms: 1) "forwarding information", 2) "writing
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recommendations" or "passive recommending", 3) "active recommending", and 4) "mentor
recommending", with the increasing level of trust, commitment and the control over success,
and the decreasing number of possible recommendees from the first to the fourth form. Senior
academicians can best act as recommenders if they are sufficiently motivated, scientifically
active and internationally recognized, and have a personal experience of research training
abroad. Two distinct types of recommendees were identified – the ones with the previous
experience of research and collaboration with recommender, and the ones without such
experience. The former type is usually involved in mentor recommending, and the latter in
active or passive recommending. In the process of recommending, four important phases can
be identified: making the first contact and assessing the candidate, and the phases before,
during and after the research training abroad. Careful planning and preparation of both
leaving abroad and returing to home country are crucial for the success of the process of
recommending. The recommending can be beneficial for all the involved actors –
recommendees, recommenders and laboratories abroad, as well as for the scientific
community and broader society of the sending country. Brain drain is the major risk of the
process of recommending, but can be reduced by adequate planning and policies.

Conclusions-

Mentoring is a developmental relationship situated in a social context and shaped by the
institutional culture and climate. Successful mentoring requires commitment and interpersonal
skills of the mentor and mentee, but also a facilitating environment of the academic
medicine's institutions. Mentoring is perceived as an important part of academic medicine, but
the evidence to support this perception is not strong. Studies using more rigorous
methodology, addressing contextual issues and using control groups, prospective designs as
well as cross-disciplinary approaches, are needed to improve the quality of evidence for the
value of mentoring. The role of mentors in promoting mentees' mobility and research training
abroad should be acknowledged. The institutions of academic medicine, especially those in
the countries of the scientific periphery, could facilitate and make use of this function by
introducing formal policies that encourage senior academicians to act as mentors and
recommenders, and junior researchers to take the opportunity of research training abroad.


This paper presents an adaptive version of the Hill estimator based on Lespki's model selection method. This simple data-driven index selection method is shown to satisfy an oracle inequality and is checked to achieve the lower bound recently derived by Carpentier and Kim. In order to establish the oracle inequality, we derive non-asymptotic variance bounds and concentration inequalities for Hill estimators. These concentration inequalities are derived from Talagrand's concentration inequality for smooth functions of independent exponentially distributed random variables combined with three tools of Extreme Value Theory: the quantile transform, Karamata's representation of slowly varying functions, and R\'enyi's characterisation of the order statistics of exponential samples. The performance of this computationally and conceptually simple method is illustrated using Monte-Carlo simulations.


One of key points in psychological tests is related to the meaning of test scores, that is, the interpretation of different levels of achievement. Usually the scores intelligibility is accomplished by the use of three procedures: (a) norm reference, content reference and criterion reference. The most common method, norm reference, informs the relative standing of a specific score in relation to a group of reference. Although, the main limitation of this procedure is the lack of information about what kind of attainments a person is capable to achieve. Behavioural scaling, defined by John B. Carroll, is a procedure based on Item Response Theory which overcame this limitation. Using this method it is possible to state, in behavioural terms, the implications of test results in respect to what the subject knows or is capable to realize. This paper discusses this procedure and illustrates its application in the assessment of reading comprehension and


The Emerson CT EV3100 elevator private inverter is used as an example of introducing distance control technology applied in elevator control system.The practical problem of system application is analyzed combining with basic principle of distance control technology and elevator logic control.The selection and parameter setting are also discussed.


Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of magnesium sulfate on postoperative pain and complications after general anesthesia.Methods A literature search was conducted in following databases as The Cochrane Library,EMbase,PubMed,EBSCO,Springer,Ovid,CNKI and CBM from the date of establishment to September 2011 to identify randomized controlled trials(RCTs) about intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate during general anesthesia.All included RCTs were assessed and the data were extracted according to the standard of Cochrane systematic review.The homogenous studies were pooled using RevMan 5.1 software.Results A total of 11 RCTs involving 905 patients were included.The results of meta-analyses showed that compared with the control group,intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate during general anesthesia significantly reduced the visual analog scale(VAS) scores at the time-points of 2,4,6,8,16,and 24 hours,respectively,after surgery,the postoperative 24 hours morphine requirements,and the incidents of postoperative nausea and vomiting(RR=0.61,95%CI 0.40 to 0.91,P=0.02) and chilling(RR=0.29,95%CI 0.14 to 0.59,P=0.000 7).Although the incidents of bradycardia(RR=1.93,95%CI 1.05 to 3.53,P=0.03) increased,there were no adverse events or significant differences in the incidents of hypotension and serum concentration changes of magnesium.Conclusion Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate during general anesthesia may obviously decrease the pain intensity,and the incidents of nausea and vomiting and chilling after surgery,without increasing cardiovascular adverse events and risk of hypermagnesemia.The results still need to be confirmed by more high-quality and large-sample RCTs.


Management functions of the state in the field of regulation of financial flows is the basis of a modern market economy. The intricate and complex nature of the control object itself also forces us to continually look for ways to increase the effectiveness of both analysis and planning techniques. High-quality informational support predetermines the effectiveness of managerial decisions in the sphere of regulation of financial flows. The wide variability of information support is the key to the ability to apply effectively administrative impact. At the same time, accounting, control and analysis are interconnected management functions that provide information support for making management decisions at any level. The information analysis technique based on fuzzy decision trees is an innovative and well-proven way to provide government institutions with a reliable analytical tool.


Digital cinema offers a high-quality image, unaffected by repeated showings. So why can't you see it at your local multiplex? The explanation for this apparent impasse is a combination of technical complexity and an industry structure that's fundamentally antipathetic to investment in digital technology. A lack of common standards is another major part of the answer. Resolution has become a big issue in the digital cinema debate, but in comparing digital cinema and conventional celluloid it's only part of a complex picture. Once the problem of standards has been overcome, the industry will be able to get down to the really big challenge: sorting out the business case. Digital cinema will produce sizeable savings, but will also require massive levels of investment. Digital cinema has suffered from hype in the past, and the technical and commercial barriers remain formidable, but a cautious optimism may now be justified as the UK and China prepare to invest in this new medium.


At the meeting of the Board of Directors of the A. I. E. E. held in Philadelphia, October 8, the following twelve members were appointed as the official representatives of the Institute upon the Am. Engineering Council, which is the governing body of the Federated American Engineering Societies, for the term beginning January 1, 1921, and also to represent the Institute at the organization meeting to be held in Washington, November 18–19, 1920:


Self-assembled two-dimensional array of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on the glass substrate was systematically investigated in terms of glass cleaning, K2CO3 addition, GNP size, and pH of gold colloids. An ambient-air plasma treatment produced a highly-activated glass surface with the lowest air/water contact angles and K2CO3 addition is very effective to preserve the optical properties of gold nanoparticles for a long time. Small GNPs (≤40 nm) was uniformly arrayed on the amine-functionalized glass through the optimization process of electrostatic attractions between positively-charged glass and negatively-charged gold nanoparticles. For large GNPs (≥50 nm) that resulted in discrete (or loosely-packed) array on the glass substrate, pH adjustment of gold colloids (from pH 11 to 9) produced more densely-packed array of GNPs with less void areas, probably due to the reduction of electrostatic repulsion forces between large gold nanoparticles.


This thesis provides a specific insight into the previously unexplored subject of the black fair in Macon, Georgia from 1906 to 1930. It draws on archives, government papers, newspaper reports, and the correspondence of black leaders in order to create a localised study documenting the attempts of Georgia's African Americans to further themselves and to improve race relations within their community. Subsequently, the fair creates a microcosm of wider efforts of black uplift and racial politics in the South during this period. The fair reveals the work of Richard Wright, a figure who demonstrated how local African American leaders often straddled the doctrines of W. E. B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington, and adapted their philosophies within everyday life. The fair is also illustrative of how leaders such as Washington also cultivated relationships with black community leaders and fellow educators, while also connecting to the black masses. Similarly the celebration and appearance of national black political figures, such as James Napier, encouraged black pride and determination. Furthermore, such exhibits created powerful symbols which connected black political success with economic wealth.

The thesis thereby situates the black fair and its organisers within a significant period of black political development, one which contributed to the later Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Institutions such as the African American fair were vital spaces which fostered a sense of black community, economics and autonomy. This thesis helps draw attention to the importance of such recreational spaces, repositioning them within the political and social studies of black southerners during the early twentieth century.


Oscillatory wing response data were measured on an F-16A aircraft during flutter tests of several external store configurations. Previous testing had shown the F-16 to exhibit limit cycle oscillations (LCO) in the transonic regime, During the present tests, LCO were encountered as well as the sudden onset of high-amplitude oscillations. This sudden high-amplitude response closely resembled that of classical flutter. In all, three distinct categories of response behavior were seen during these tests: classical flutter, typical LCO, and nontypical LCO. These categories are representative of the broad spectrum of aeroelastic responses encountered by fighter aircraft with external stores. Theoretical flutter analyses are shown to adequately identify flutter- or LCO-sensitive store configurations and their instability oscillation frequencies. In addition, a strong correlation between the flight test response and the modal composition of the analytical flutter mechanism is evident. However, the linear analysis fails to provide insight into the oscillation amplitude or onset velocity, which are of primary importance for external store certification on fighter aircraft. Flutter analysis results are presented along with details of the analytical model, the store configurations, and the store mass properties for use as realistic check cases for the validation of nonlinear flutter analysis methods.


Abstract : Because of developments in electronics technology, the need for electromagnetic shielding has increased. To reduce the cost of this shielding, new materials are needed. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District (FWD), and the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USA-CERL) have developed composite materials which use standard, construction grade, aluminum foil-backed gypsum board in combination with either a metal mesh or lead foil. Special seams for these composites have been designed by U.S. Gypsum Company. USA-CERL evaluated the adequacy of each material and seam design by using radio frequency antennas and receivers to measure its shielding effectiveness when mounted in the wall of a shielded room. These evaluations showed that the composite panels met the specified requirement of 60 decibels (dB) of shielding. The composites were also shown to be adequate for most communications security applications. However, the addition of a seam decreased shielding by as much as 10 dB.


Abstract The gastric evacuation rates of brown trout Salmo trutta (0.9–1.6 kg) feeding on fingerling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (3.5–7.6 g) were measured in the laboratory at five temperatures (4.5, 9.0, 14.0, 19.0, and 22.5°C). Instantaneous gut evacuation rates (R e ) increased exponentially with temperature (T): R e = 0.053·e 0.073·T, r 2 = 0.98; they varyied from 7%·h–1 at 4.5°C to 29%·h–1 at 22.5°C. Linear regressions described the relationship between time and qualitative measures of fish digestion, thus allowing investigators to determine how long an ingested fish would be identifiable at different temperatures. An analysis of published evacuation rates (N = 121) of 22 fish species indicated that both temperature and prey size (PS, g wet weight) significantly affected digestion rate (R e ): R e = 0.049·e 0.072·T– 0.060 log e (PS) R 2 = 0.52. Predator size did not significantly affect rates of evacuation.


This study demonstrates a molecular doping method by physical vapor molecule adsorption using several functional group compounds. Among these dopants, the amine groups include o‐phenylene diamine (OPD), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA); the hydroxyl groups include phenol, catechol, and tetraglycol. A positive correlation between the doping level and the number of functional groups is confirmed in this study. Additionally, it is found that the spatial structure of the dopant molecule is another determinant factor affecting the doping degree and mobility. Thus, the planar dopants with an aromatic ring can be easily rearranged to maximize the interaction with graphene, resulting in a stronger p‐doping effect. The work function of graphene is efficiently tuned from 4.3 to 3.83 eV for TEPA‐doped graphene and to 4.73 eV for catechol‐doped graphene. Molecules with alkyl chains (DETA and tetraglycol) act as compensators that partially neutralize the randomly charged impurity centers in the substrate, increasing the graphene electron mobility from 3068 to 9700 cm2 V–1 s–1 and the hole mobility from 3161 to 3650 cm2 V–1 s–1 compared with that of pristine graphene.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To stably give proper conductivity to a fluororesin layer on the surface of a transfer belt or a fixing roller, or the like, for an image forming apparatus without adversely affecting the pealability, or the like, far easily and inexpensively than the methods adopted conventionally. SOLUTION: A surface layer in which (RfSO 2 ) 2 NLi (Rf is a perfluoro alkyl group) is blended in fluororesin, principally constituted of either or both a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro alkyl vinyl ether copolymer and polytetrafluoroethylene, and which has predetermined surface resistivity is formed on the belt, or the roller for the image forming apparatus. (RfSO 2 ) 2 NLi is (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi or (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 NLi. (RfSO 2 ) 2 NLi is blended at 0.003 to 3.0 pts.wt. with respect to 100 pts.wt. of the fluororesin principally constituted of either or both of PFA and PTFE, which are the principal components. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT


Abstract Given a square matrix A, replacing each of its nonzero entries with the symbol * gives its zero-nonzero pattern. Such a pattern is said to be spectrally arbitrary when it carries essentially no information about the eigenvalues of A. A longstanding open question concerns the smallest possible number of nonzero entries in an n × n spectrally arbitrary pattern. The Generalized 2n Conjecture states that, for a pattern that meets an appropriate irreducibility condition, this number is 2n. An example of Shitov shows that this irreducibility is essential; following his technique, we construct a smaller such example. We then develop an appropriate algebraic condition and apply it computationally to show that, for n ≤ 7, the conjecture does hold for ℝ, and that there are essentially only two possible counterexamples over ℂ. Examining these two patterns, we highlight the problem of determining whether or not either is in fact spectrally arbitrary over ℂ. A general method for making this determination for a pattern remains a major goal; we introduce an algebraic tool that may be helpful.


Electron capture processes for low energy Ar9+ ions colliding on argon dimer targets are investigated, focusing attention on charge sharing between the two argon atoms as a function of the molecular orientation and the impact parameter. Confrontation between experimental results and MC-COBM simulations have been investigated to provide access to atomic site sensitivity of the different fragmentation processes by measuring the angular correlation between the scattered projectile and the recoiling fragments.


This article reviews the history of Third World urbanization, examines the evolution of the urban population from 1970-80 based on the 1st results of the 1980 round of censuses, and examines the prospects for urbanization through the end of the century and the year 2025. From 1910 to World War II the urban population in all Third World countries grew more rapidly than the total population. Both rates of growth were moderate compared to subsequent rates. Total Third World population grew by about .9%/year while the urban population grew at 2.2%/year. From 1950-80 total population grew at 2.2% and the urban population by 4.6%. The urban growth took place in the absence of economic developments capable of explaining or justifying it. Urban growth accounted in large part for the extraordinary increase in cereal importation to the Third World. In 1980 it was estimated that 26.5% of the population if Africa, 63.1% in Latin America, and 25.4% in Asian countries excluding China were urban. A characteristic of third World urbanization is the strong concentration of population in large cities; 43% of the urban population currently lives in cities with population of over 500,000. In Third World market countries, total population growth from 1970-80 is provisionally estimated at 2.5-2.6%/year, while according to UN estimates urban population growth amounted to 4.2%/year and other estimates place population growth amounted to 4.2%/year and other estimates place it at 4.4%/year. The growth of the urban population in China from 1970-80 was estimated at 3.3%/year by the UN. During the 75 years from 1950-2025, the Third World urban population is expected to multiply by a factor of 16, from less than 200 million to over 3 billion. The urban population in 2025 projected by the UN amounts to 837 million in Africa, 724 million in Latin America, and 1.6 billion in Asian market countries, but there is some suggestion that the projection errs on the low side. Increases in food production on the order of 1.9%/year will be required through 2025 to feed the new urban population at the current level. Around the year 2000, cities of 1 million or more will contain about 46% of the urban population and 21% of the total population. The largest Third World cities will continue to grow despite their poor living conditions and lack of economic justification, and the low incomes of the inhabitants will increase the difficulty of improving living standards. Predictions as far ahead as 2025 are hazardous, but it is likely that the rate of growth of the largest cities will have abated somewhat.


Steel concrete composite construction has gained wide acceptance worldwide as an alternative to pure steel and pure concrete construction. The use of steel in construction industry is very low in Nepal compared to many developing countries. There is a great potential for increasing the volume of steel in construction, especially in the current development needs. Not using steel as an alternative construction material and not using it where it is economical is a heavy loss for the country. Use of composite material is of particular interest, due to its significant potential in improving the overall performance through rather modest changes in manufacturing and constructional technologies. Steel concrete composite construction means the concrete slab is connected to the composite beam with the help of shear connectors so that they act as a single unit. In the present work, steel concrete composite (both full and half composite) with RCC options are considered for comparative study of seismic behavior of 10 multistoried commercial buildings (4-storied, 5-storied, 6-storied, 7-storied, 8-storied, 9-storied, 10-storied, 12-storied, 16-storied and 20-storied which is situated in earthquake zone V and for earthquake loading, the provisions of IS:1893 (Part1)-2002 is considered. For modeling of composite and RCC structures, SAP2000 software is used. Steel-concrete composite construction system is an efficient, economical and innovative method for seismic resistance of multi storied buildings. Equivalent static method of seismic analysis is used in the analysis of models. Comparison of parameters like time period, axial force, shear force, bending moment, deflection, storey drifts, base shear, storey stiffness is done for full composite (beam-column both composite), half composite (column composite) and RCC structures. The results are compared and found that composite structure is better in several aspects.


Tamantirto Village is a village with a population of 728 categories of poor households (28.46%). To reduce the level of poverty which is done by providing knowledge and skills of local resource utilization in the community. Transfer of knowledge and technology conducted by extension, practice, creation of demonstration plots as well as comparative studies. Knowledge and presence will include fish farming, household waste management, recognition and processing of medicinal plants into instant beverage and syrups. The result is a rural communities of Tamantirto was service capable of freshwater fish culture technologies and conduct intensive cultivation with a pool  tarp.  Capable  of  processing  organic  waste  into  compost  and  liquid fertilizer and manage of inorganic waste. Rural communities recognize a variety of  medicinal  plants  in  the  environment  and  can  process  them  into  instant beverages  and  syrups.  Society  has  increased  the  quality  of  life  of  its environmental cleanliness and income


The European Union has been working for years to establish uniform rules for the operation of insurance guarantee funds in the Member States. They are the equivalents of the Polish Insurance Guarantee Fund. The rules should increase the protection of consumers, i.e. policyholders and the injured. However, it has not been decided yet who will actually be protected by the new regulation, namely whether these will be all the insured or only those who have concluded a compulsory insurance contract. Will all Europeans be protected in the same way or only residents of individual Member States? What is more, the ultimate cost of the systemic changes to be introduced into the Polish market is also unknown. If the system applied to numerous business lines and covered natural persons as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, insurance would certainly become very expensive, leaving many Poles without protection. This article aims to familiarize readers with the current state of legislative works as well as the directions for the development of systemic changes.


A method of providing a user interface for a process plant, the method comprising the steps of: the generation of information for a plurality of content layers of a process graphic display of process plant elements of the process plant; determining a content layer of the plurality of content layers to the display through the user interface; and the display of the specific content layer of the plurality of content layers on the user interface.


The key to solving increasingly serious environmental problems is comprehensively to promote low carbon economy (LCE) development, while LCE development needs the conditions of particular system and capacity. This paper builds a cone model to focus on the analysis of these basic factors of low carbon technology innovation, carbon emissions right trading, carbon finance and low carbon policy to provide a theoretical basis for China's LCE practice. The results indicate that low carbon technology innovation is the basis for the LCE development, while carbon emissions right trading is the key to the LCE development. At the same time, the LCE development needs the corresponding conditions such as carbon finance and low carbon policies. Therefore, China should currently focus on these problems to promote the rapid development of LCE.


The aim of this study is to present the reality of takaful insurance in Algeria, as it was addressed through Salama Insurance Company, which is considered the only one in Algeria so far. We have concluded that the application of Takaful insurance in Algeria faces many obstacles, the basis of which is the legal challenge that constitutes the biggest obstacle to the development of this industry, aswell as the traditional legal environment that often does not comply with Islamic Sharia regulations, as well as the weak efforts of the state in regulating the Takaful insurance industry, The failure to enact laws in line with its requirements, the weak technical and legal training of the human factor, the weak culture and insurance awareness of the Algerian public, all of which stand in the way of the development and growth of Takaful insurance


This paper presents an overview of paleoenvironmental changes in East Africa during the late Quaternary based on evidence from pollen, diatoms, microscopic charcoal, and lake level records and associated proxies. The paleoenvironmental records derived from different proxies complement each other to provide a more accurate and complete assessment of the paleoenvironmental changes in East Africa. The records show that the period prior to c. 42,000 14C yr BP was characterized by warm climatic conditions similar to the present. This was followed by a change to cold dry conditions from 42,000 to 30,000 14C yr BP, and cold and moist conditions from 30,000 to 21,000 14C yr BP. Temperatures during the latter period leading to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) were probably 2 to 4.1°C lower than the present. Between c. 21,000 and 12,500 14C yr BP East Africa's environment was generally cool, punctuated by two significant episodes of prolonged desiccation. Warm and moist conditions punctuated by rapid climatic changes prevailed in the region during the deglacial and middle Holocene period. Ice core records document two significant and abrupt drought events in the region, one at 8300 14C yr BP and the other at 5200 14C yr BP. The onset of a longer and more extensive desiccation period commencing 4000 14C yr BP was registered in nearly all sites. The climate of East Africa was generally drier than present during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) while fairly wet conditions prevailed during the Little Ice Age (LIA) interrupted by three episodes of aridity, more severe than those of more recent times. Whereas this review advances our understanding of climate and vegetational changes in East Africa beyond the Last Glacial Maximum, it also highlights limitations of the paradigms that explain the forcing mechanisms behind the changes. However, unequivocal interpretation of the multiproxy data from East Africa with respect to paleoenvironmental changes becomes extremely complex and challenging especially when the anthropogenic input is considered.


The directional correlation for the (1855 kev-beta) (123 kev-gamma) cascade in the decay of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{154}$ has been measured. The directional correlation coefficient ${A}_{2}$ varies from -0.15 at a beta energy of 1100 kev to -0.18 at a beta energy of 1600 kev. In terms of a single nuclear matrix element parameter, ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{1}$, the directional correlation suggests ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{1}=2.6 or \ensuremath{-}0.2$ while the beta spectral shape correction suggests ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{1}=1.3$. The results suggest that the attenuation of ordinary first-forbidden matrix elements relative to ${B}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ is less marked in ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{154}$ than in the comparable transition in ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{152}$. Interpretation of the data in terms of a less restrictive formulation of the theory is investigated. Relations between matrix element ratios may be found but no unique set of matrix element ratios is demanded by the experimental data.


Objective To investigate the role of fungi allergic reaction in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis and polyp,fungi specific IgE concentration of serum and polyps tissue was detected in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp patients.Methods Fungi specific IgE concentration of serum and polyps tissue was detected in 64 cases of chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp patients and 30 cases of nasal septum deviation patients as control.Results There was statistically significant difference between the serum and polyps tissue fungi specific IgE concentration;fungi specific IgE concentration of polyp tissue was more sensitive than that of serum.Conclusion Fungi allergic reaction was related to the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.Detection of polyps tissue fungi specific IgE concentration can be used for the screen of fungi allergy in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp.


Fast filtering algorithms arising from linear filtering and estimation are nonlinear dynamical systems whose initial values are the statistics of the observation process. In this paper, we give a fairly complete description of the phase portrait for such nonlinear dynamical systems.


The synthesis and surface active properties of sodium 3-alkoxy-and 3- [alkylmono (di) (oxyethylene) oxy] -2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonates were investigated. Of all surface active compounds, those with a 2-hydroxypropyl (HP) moiety in the molecules were found more surface-active than the corresponding compounds without it.


ABSTRACT Introduction Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (hoFH), a genetic disorder characterized by markedly impaired hepatic clearance of LDL and LDL cholesterol concentration exceeding 12 mmol/L, causes coronary artery and aortic valve disease before adulthood. The hoFH phenotype is mostly due to bi-allelic mutations in the LDL receptor gene. Areas covered HoFH as a clinical phenotype has distinct genetic causes which may affect response to treatment. The role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in lipoprotein metabolism and other physiologic processes including inflammation and sepsis. Strategies that may lower plasma PCSK9 activity so that uptake of plasma LDL into the liver is improved. Inclisiran, a synthetic oligonucleotide, specifically targets the liver to limit production of PCSK9. Adverse effects due to oligonucleotides in general and specific to low PCSK9 concentration are considered. Expert opinion HoFH requires expert diagnostic work-up for best management and prediction of response to treatment, including inclisiran. Though most hoFH patients will not reach the ideal LDL cholesterol concentration target by adding agents that lower PCSK9 activity to treatment with statins and ezetimibe, additional benefit is expected. Some patients may not respond. The safety to date appears good but patients with hoFH require treatment from childhood and long-term safety remains to be established.


Objective To investigate the distribution of common pathogenic bacteria during the past nine years,and to observe the antibiotic resistance of common pathogenic bacteria in the last year in our hospital. Methods The API half-automicroscan system was used to identify the pathogenic bacteria and conduct antibiotic susceptibility test.Results A total of 3723 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 13942 clinical samples.The positive rate was 26.7%.Pathogenic bacteria were distributed in 38 genera and 107 species.Gram-negative bacteria remained the more frequent pathogens than Gram-positive bacteria.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CNS)(15.7% of the isolates) was the most frequently isolated pathogen,followed by Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas spp and Acinetobacter spp.Staphylococcus spp were sensitive to vancomycin,quinupristin / dalfopristin,nitrofurantoin,minocycline,fusidic acid,teicoplanin and rifampin.The resistance rate of Staphylococcus spp to penicillin,oxacillin and erythromycin was more than 80%.Enterococcus and Streptococcus were resistant against various antibiotics obviously,and the resistance rate of them to erythromycin and clindamycin were more than 88%.Enterococcus and Streptococcus were especially sensitive to vancomycin.The dominant Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria(except Salmonella spp) were sensitive to imipenem,meropenem and amikacin.The drug resistance rate of dominant Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria to gentamicin,cephalothin and cefuroxime were more than 60%.Salmonella spp was sensitive to various antibiotics.Conclusions The Gram-negative bacteria plays a dominant role in clinical pathogens.Except Salmonella,drug resistance of isolated pathogenic bacteria is a serious problem.Monitoring the trends of pathogenic bacteria's distribution and drug resistance will be very important in guiding the clinical administration of drugs.


The study of crystallization kinetics could provide the basic data for crystallizer design,scale-up,optimization and control of the crystallization process.The solubility of glyphosate in its synthesis mother liquor was experimentally measured.The crystallization kinetics of glyphosate in its synthesis mother liquor was also experimentally measured in a mixed suspension mixed product removal(MSMPR) crystallizer.The size-independent crystal growth rate model determined by the linear extrapolation population density distribution,the size-dependent crystal growth rate model,and the nucleation rate model determined by the extrapolated population density distribution to the zero-size crystals were obtained.The experimental results showed that the solubility of glyphosate increased with the temperature increasing,which could make cooling crystallization possible for crystallizing glyphosate.The glyphosate crystal growth rate was size-dependent,and the suspension density and energy input had little effect on nucleation rate under experimental conditions.


Local resection of the head of the pancreas combined with longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy is an effective surgical procedure for patients with chronic pancreatitis. It is simple to perform, and ca


nence, and patients regained the confidence and dignity needed to resume their social lives. Many factors (anxiety, loose stool, certain foods, inaccessibility to the bathroom, etc.) may play a role in each case. However, regardless of the causes, patients suffer from loss of confidence and may be unable to continue social activities. We want to emphasize that patients frequently do not voluntarily admit to fecal incontinence, and we may miss the true underlying cause (fecal incontinence) that explains a variety of secondary complaints and symptoms.


In this paper, the problem of fault-tolerant control (FTC) is investigated for a class of nonlinear single input and single output (SISO) systems in the non-strict feedback form. The considered system possess unknown nonlinear functions, measured states, unknown control direction and actuator faults (bias and gain faults). With the help of Neural Network System (NNs) to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions and a fuzzy adaptive observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured states. In the frame of adaptive backstepping design technique, and by combining with the nonlinear fault-tolerant control theory, the control performance of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by suitably choosing the design parameters, an adaptive NNs output feedback FTC method is developed. It is shown that the given control approach can prove that all signals in the closed-loop system are proved to be bounded, and the tracking errors between the system outputs and the reference signals converge to a small neighborhood of zero by choice of the design parameters.


Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) is a watersoluble and ionic cellulosic derivative widely used as additives for foods, cosmetics or other industrial products. These applications take advantage of viscoelastic properties of NaCMC originating from its polyelectrolyte nature. Control of viscoelastic properties of NaCMC in its aqueous solution has been achieved by addition of non ionic or ionic substances. In particular, inorganic metal salts strongly affect the viscoelastic behavior, as revealed by Matsumoto and his coworkers. They have shown that the metal salts restrict molecular mobility of NaCMC by two mechanisms: formation of complexes with dissociated carboxylate groups on NaCMC and dehydration of NaCMC chains. While the effects of monovalent and bivalent metal salts have extensively been investigated, effect of trivalent metal salts, such as aluminum salts, has not yet been investigated. Interaction between aluminum compounds and cellulosic materials makes significance in some industrial processes. For example, in papermaking industry, aluminum compounds such as alum (mainly composed of aluminum sulfate) are widely used as an additive for the retention of rosin emulsions on surface of cellulosic pulp fiber. Behavior of aluminum ion in the pulp suspension strongly affects the retention behavior of the rosins on the pulp fiber. From this viewpoint, the interaction between cellulose and aluminum compounds has widely been investigated. Kato et al. investigated effects of pH on the retention behavior of aluminum compounds on pulp fiber and showed that carboxyl groups on pulp fiber act as interaction sites for aluminum compounds. Furthermore, they investigated the effect of pH on the chemical form of aluminum ion using Al NMR measurements. Nevertheless, how the interaction between aluminum ions and cellulose affects the bulk properties of cellulosic aqueous suspension system has not yet been investigated in detail. In this paper, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) aqueous solution containing aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) is employed as a model system to investigate the interaction Effect of Aluminum Sulfate on Dispersion State of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose in Aqueous Solution


Plantar fasciitis is associated with alteration of vertical ground reaction forces and pain that needs to be treated by using foot orthosis. The purpose of the study is to determine Impact of Functional Foot Orthosis on Vertical Ground Reaction Force and Pain in Persons with Plantar Fasciitis.There was significant improvement in pain as well as ground reaction force by using functional foot orthosis. Vertical ground reaction forces were significantly different at loading response and at terminal stance after use of the orthosis than before but no significant change was seen at midstance. Pain ratings mean in symptomatic foot measured by the Visual analog scale were significantly less than before use of the orthosis. It may be concluded that Functional foot orthosis significantly reduces pain experienced during walking and normalizes the vertical ground reaction force in subjects with plantar fasciitis.


There is a paradox in practical knowledge management in which the need to have an environment in which knowledge is organized in a more efficient manner needs to be balanced against the problem of "information overload". Two approaches to resolving this paradox comprise: the "big software" approach, involving the use of a sophisticated search engine; and the "traditional information" approach, where content is organized beforehand using highly skilled people to spend time indexing, abstracting and isolating critical pieces of information within the bulk of any information source. It is proposed that a more practical approach would be to use techniques based on metadata, XML (Extensible Markup Language), tagging, data models and relational databases, arguing that, above a certain size of genuinely useful internal knowledge assets, the metadata approach is an essential management tool. While search engines performed reasonably well with the older, smaller databases, the increasing size of these databases means that size and density have become critical variables in knowledge management. Details of metadata and related techniques are described as a means of solving some of the problems involved in organizing knowledge in very large databases.


The origins and pathways of atmospheric aerosols in Kenya are examined in
Nairobi for the three years (2015-2017) using HYSPLIT model and meteorological
data. Aerosol concentrations in Kenya depended on the frequency of
the air mass from the northeastern Asian Continent and southeastern Madagascar
Island. There was a direct correlation of more pollutants during dry
and hot seasons (JJA) of the year. To study the reasons for the seasonal variations,
the origins of the air mass flowing to Nairobi were analyzed by backward
air mass trajectory analysis. Monthly variations revealed that aerosols
are transported from different directions due to variation of winds flowing
and peak values were during July because of the increased emissions due to
higher temperature and stronger solar radiation during heating, while the
lowest value found in April was probably due to rain wash.


This thesis will focus on the seven Swedish administrative municipalities that administer at least two of the three official minority languages in Sweden. Those languages are Finnish Meankieli (Tor ...


This paper introduces a design for Embedded CNC Lathe control system based onARMandμC/OS-Ⅱ.In this design,ARM and CPLD is main hardware device for Lathe System.By using real-time operating systemμC/OS-Ⅱ,system can be good at dealing with multitask and ensure the real time of system control.


extended introductory essay on the cultural beliefs and attitudes of the Sung shih-ta-fu (shidafu) (literati and officials). The manual was aimed at household heads and provides instructions on how to handle their "families' material, moral, and social life" (p. vii). According to Ebrey, previous studies of the shih-ta-fu have tended to use a narrow definition of culture. These studies have created, she contends, a dualistic (and one might add simplistic) image of the Sung elite: the literati, it was believed, were motivated by Confucianism or by narrow self-interest. Outside of the strict tenets of Confucianism, there were no values, no ethical standards, no altruism. In Family and Property in Sung China, Ebrey tries to correct this polarized view by showing that the values and cultural attitudes of literati and officials were influenced by, but did not totally conform to, Confucian teachings. Family, business, and ethical values were not always reducible to Confucianism. Ebrey believes that it is time that we see the shih-ta-fu not only as great thinkers and moralists but also as family men, property owners, household heads, husbands, etc. Although Yuan Ts'ai was clearly a member of the shih-ta-fu, he was not only or even primarily concerned with the classicistic-philosophical ideas derived from the metaphysics of his day. Ebrey argues that "the cultural principle reflected in the Precepts and related sources were ones of great importance in shaping the day-to-day behavior of the shih-ta-fu" (p. 163) and that these "homely" values were not shared by such great Sung thinkers as Chu Hsi (Ju Xi) and Ch'eng I (Cheng Yi). "In making these arguments I am explicitly rejecting," Ebrey writes, "the common view of intellectual historians that the treatises of leading thinkers provide the surest evidence of the values and ideology of a society" (p. 22). Yuan Ts'ai's manual takes up questions concerning domestic harmony, educating children, and advice on prodigal sons. Advice is given on how to manage servants, how to preserve the family estate, and how to discipline household members. We learn something about shih-ta-fu attitudes towards income and investment. Savings, we are told, should not be kept in gold and silver but invested in land, loans, or business. Haste and acquisitiveness are discouraged; diligence and honesty are encouraged. There are excellent discussions of how to manage tenants and bondservants and interesting material on Yuan Ts'ai's concept of status. Ebrey's study is a very welcome addition to an increasingly impressive literature on family and kinship in T'ang (Tang) and Sung China. It provides a new and provocative approach to the study of one of China's most interesting groups, the Sung elite. The translation of Yuan Ts'ai's manual adds an important dimension to our understanding of shih-ta-fu culture and domestic life; it is reassuring to know that the cerebral literati were, like other mortals, clothed in flesh and bones.


The complex tumor microenvironment (TME) and nonspecific drug targeting limit the clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy in combination with chemotherapy. Herein, a metal–organic framework (MOF) assisted strategy is reported that modulates TME by reducing tumor hypoxia and intracellular glutathione (GSH) and offers targeted delivery and controlled release of the trapped chemodrug. Platinum(IV)‐diazido complex (Pt(IV)) is loaded inside a Cu(II) carboxylate‐based MOF, MOF‐199, and an aggregation‐induced‐emission photosensitizer, TBD, is conjugated to polyethylene glycol for encapsulating Pt(IV)‐loaded MOF‐199. Once the fabricated TBD‐Pt(IV)@MOF‐199 nanoparticles are internalized by cancer cells, MOF‐199 consumes intracellular GSH and decomposes to fragments to release Pt(IV). Upon light irradiation, the released Pt(IV) generates O2 that relieves hypoxia and produces Pt(II)‐based chemodrug inside cancer cells. Concomitantly, efficient reactive oxygen species generation and bright emission are afforded by TBD, resulting in synergistic image‐guided photo‐chemo therapy with enhanced efficacies and mitigated side effects.


This article reviews Iran's past and current use of terrorism and assesses why U.S. attempts to halt Iran's efforts have met with little success. With this assessment in mind, it argues that Iran is not likely transfer chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons to terrorist groups for several reasons. First, providing terrorists with such unconventional weapons offers Iran few tactical advantages as these groups are able to operate effectively with existing methods and weapons. Second, Iran has become more cautious in its backing of terrorists in recent years. And third, Tehran is highly aware that any major escalation in its support for terrorism would incur U.S. wrath and international condemnation. The article concludes by offering recommendations for decreasing Iran's support for terrorism.


Nanostructured SmCo/Fe magnets are prepared by cold isostatic pressing method at 35 MPa followed by combustion driven compaction at 2 GPa at room temperature. The direction of compaction parallel and perpendicular to c-axis alignment of the green compact is investigated using X-ray pole figures. For the sample compacted perpendicular to the c-axis, an elongation of the intensity pattern is observed for the [002] pole indicating a partial orientation in that direction. On the other hand, no preferential orientation is observed for the sample compacted parallel to the alignment axis. Texture analysis is then used to quantify the degree of alignment.


The results of a follow‐up study are presented of 53 women referred for genetic counselling between 1965 and 1969 in families with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. On the basis of pedigree data and serum levels of creatine kinase, 41 were considered to be at high risk (greater than 1 in 10), 5 at medium risk (1 in 10 to 1 in 20), and 7 at low risk (less than 1 in 20) of having an affected son or carrier daughter. In the high risk group only two were undeterred from pregnancy but one of these has subsequently been sterilized, two opted for selective abortion. Four women at high risk of having an affected son were actually pregnant at the time they were referred for counselling. The need for expert contraceptive advice is emphasized and follow‐up of such families proved important for support and to discuss developments such as selective abortion.


The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the proton magnetic resonance spectrum of a voxel, containing lesions or normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM), in primary‐progressive (PP) and secondary‐progressive (SP) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Single‐voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 35 MS patients (17 PP and 18 SP) and 17 controls. Spectra from an 8 ml voxel located in the parieto‐occipital region were obtained with a spin‐echo pulse sequence (1600 ms/135 ms/256, TR/TE/acquisitions). Resonance areas due to N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr) and choline compounds (Cho) were determined, and results expressed in terms of area in arbitrary units or as metabolite ratios. With respect to the control group, there were significant reductions in NAA and NAA/Cho ratio in the PP–lesion, SP–lesion, PP–NAWM and SP–NAWM groups. There were no significant differences between the PP–NAWM and SP–NAWM groups. These results support the existence of metabolic changes in the white matter of PP and SP patients and suggest that there is neuronal damage and/or loss in both clinical courses. Finally, characterization of the parieto‐occipital region showed no significant differences in the spectral pattern of NAWM between PP and SP clinical courses of MS. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In early 2020, the Covid-19 outbreak caused turmoil in global financial markets, and among the many industries that suffered severely, the gaming industry stood alone, instead growing explosively in the early stages of the outbreak. However, there was a plunge after 2021. This study evaluates how the pandemic has affected gaming markets in China and other international locations. In order to examine changes in the gaming sector in terms of ROE and volatility, a VAR model and an ARMA-GARCH model are built. This study discovers that unexpected epidemic outbreaks have a mainly beneficial influence on the ROE of the gaming sector, but that this advantage gradually diminishes over time as the normal epidemic eventually lessens investor worry. In the environment of a regular epidemic, investor panic is no longer as severe and the impact on gaming industry yields is quantitatively insignificant. Therefore, investors should invest rationally in this sector.


Thewordboundary detection hasanapplication in speech processing systems. Theproblem this paper tries tosolve istoseparate words ofasequence ofphonemes wherethere isnodelimiter between phonemes. This papertries tocompare twoconceptual models forword boundary detection, namedpreorder andpostorder models. Inthis paper, atfirst, arecurrent fuzzy neural network (RFNN)together withits relevant structure is proposed andlearning algorithm ispresented. Next, this RFNNisusedtopost-detecting wordboundaries. Some experiments havealready beenimplemented todeterminecomplete structure ofRFNNinbothmodels. Here inthis paper, three methods areproposed toencode input phonemeandtheir performance havebeen evaluated Someexperiments havebeenconducted to determine required numberoffuzzy rules andthen performance ofRFNNinpostdetecting wordboundaries istested inbothmodels. Preorder modelshowsbetter performance than postorder model inexperiments.


Systems control theory is a far developped field which helps to study stability, estimation and control of dynamical systems. The physical behaviour of musical instruments, once described by dynamical systems, can then be controlled and numerically simulated for many purposes.
The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to provide the theoretical background on linear system theory, both in continuous and discrete time, mainly in the case of a finite number of degrees of freedom ; second, to give illustrative examples on wind instruments, such as the vocal tract represented as a waveguide, and a sliding flute.


In this paper, chloro (-Cl) group was substituted for methyl (-CH 3 ) moiety at the kink position and witnessed a drastic modification in the phase structure of a bent-shaped molecule ( 1-4 to 1-18 ).  An unusual stabilization of cubic blue phase (BP) over a wide range of 16.4 °C has been observed. The two homologues in this series ( 1-12 and 1-14 ) exhibits an interesting phase sequence consisting of BPI/II, N*, TGBA, SmA and SmX. The higher homologues ( 1-16 and 1-18 ) stabilize the SmX phase enantiotropically in the entire temperature range. Crystal structure analysis approved the bent molecular architecture with a bent angle of 148° and revealed the presence of two different molecular conformations in an asymmetric unit of compound 1-4 . DFT study corroborated that the -Cl moiety at the central core of the molecule leads to an increase in the dipole moment along the transverse direction which in turn facilitates the unusual stabilization of frustrated structures. Crystal polymorphism has been evidenced in three homologues ( 1-10 , 1-12 and 1-14 ) of the series. On the application of mechanical pressure via grinding, the compound 1-10 transforms from bright yellow crystalline solid to dark orange-green amorphous solid which reversed upon dropwise addition of dichloromethane indicating reversible mechanochromism  of compounds. Excellent thermochromic behaviour has been observed for compound 1-10 with a controlled temperature-color combination.


The "high risk" subgroup of human papillomaviruses (e.g. HPV-16 and HPV-18) infect and induce tumors of mucosal epithelium. These neoplasms, which can progress to malignancy, retain and express the papillomavirus E6 andE7 oncogenes. In vitro, the E6 and E7 proteins associate with the cellular p53 and Rb proteins and interfere with their normal growth-regulatory functions. We report here that primary human keratinocytes transduced with the HPV-16 E6 gene, but not the E7 gene, express significant telomerase activity. However, despite this detectable enzymatic activity,E6-transduced cells continue to shorten their telomeres during in vitro passaging similar to control cells and to cells expressing the E7 and E6+E7 genes. At late passages, however, E7-transduced cells partially restore telomere length, although they lack detectable telomerase activity, demonstrating that E6-independent, telomerase-independent events mediate this change.


Memorializing the dead through death rituals has inevitably permeated in online spaces. In particular, Facebook users have maximized the platform to commemorate the dead, thereby forming communal digital mourning. Hence, this paper investigates how Filipinos foster an online community through their online practices of the Filipino concept of pakikipagkapwa[one-of-us] in pakikiramay and pakikidalamhati. Guided by Virgilio Enriquez's Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) and Rotman and Preece's (2010) characteristics of online communities, this paper investigated 593 posts from 24 memorialized Facebook accounts using textual analysis. Findings reveal that pakikiramay [sympathizing with another] and pakikidalamhati [sharing the burden of mourning] expressed through practicing death rituals using the technological affordances of Facebook demonstrate that the bereaved has maintained company with the departed in life and in death ("I have been with you, and I will always be with you"). Communal digital grief affirms that the bereaved are never alone while in mourning ("We are together in mourning").


23 Dlx transcription factors are important in the differentiation of GABAergic interneurons. In mice 24 lacking Dlx1, early steps in interneuron development appear normal. Beginning around one 25 month of age, primarily dendrite-innervating interneuron subtypes begin to undergo apoptosis in 26 Dlx1-/-mice; this is accompanied by a reduction in GABAergic transmission and late-onset 27 epilepsy. The reported reduction of synaptic inhibition is greater than might be expected given 28 that interneuron loss is relatively modest in Dlx1 –/– mice. Here we report that voltage-clamp 29 recordings of CA1 interneurons in hippocampal slices prepared from Dlx1 –/– animals older than 30 postnatal day 30 (>P30) revealed a significant reduction in excitatory postsynaptic current 31 (EPSC) amplitude. No changes in EPSCs onto interneurons were observed in cells recorded from 32 younger animals (P9-P12). Current-clamp recordings from interneurons at these early postnatal 33 ages showed that interneurons in Dlx1 –/– mutants were immature and more excitable, although 34 membrane properties normalized by P30. TUNEL, caspase-3, and NeuN staining did not reveal 35 frank cell damage or loss in area CA3 of hippocampal sections from adult Dlx1 –/– mice. Delayed 36 interneuron maturation may lead to interneuron hyperexcitability, followed by a compensatory 37 reduction in the strength of excitatory transmission onto interneurons. This reduced excitation 38 onto surviving interneurons, coupled with the loss of a significant fraction of GABAergic inputs 39 to excitatory neurons starting at P30, may underlie cortical dysrhythmia and seizures previously 40 observed in adult Dlx1


This paper presents a study of the gas‐powder flow in a slot type packed bed in order to investigate the distribution of powder flow and accumulation in an ironmaking blast furnace. The effects of operational parameters such as gas flow rate, and cohesive zone shape are examined. It is shown that a distinct and stable accumulation region can be formed in the low gas‐powder velocity zone in a bed with a lateral gas inlet. Also, the existence of a cohesive zone changes the powder accumulation pattern significantly. The inverse‐V cohesive zone leads to low accumulation in the bed compared to other cohesive zone shapes. A mathematical model is developed to describe the gas‐powder flow and powder accumulation. Its validity is verified by comparing the predicted and measured distributions of powder accumulation under various flow conditions.


Discusses the results of rolling load tests on joint bars. Details of test equipment, specimens, are discussed as well as table illustrating the test program of cantilever bending moment. Brinell hardness readings, wheel load position, design, bolt tension, bar reflectors and spring actions. Finally, a short report in the development and characteristics of the fractures which are formed beneath wheel bars in rail.


The issue of the text composition of Chujian Lao Zi is a key controversy in the present academic world. Some people believe that Chujian Lao Zi is an excerpt copy of the original. Some believe it is a complete copy. And there are also people who believe that they are copies of three versions respectly produced in three different time units. This article, through examination of cases of the usage of such characters as "wang", "wu"and"dao", "dao", etc, can help us notice the diachronic distinction existing among the copies of version A, B and C of Chujian Lao Zi, furthermore, a same diachronic distinction also exists in the internality of the copies of version A, B, and C, as well as in the word polymerization between and within the groups.


In this paper, we investigate the global self-aggregation dynamics arising from local decision-based rewiring of an overlay network, used as an abstraction for an autonomic service-oriented architecture. We measure the ability of a selected set of local rules to foster self-organization of what is originally a random graph into a structured network. Scalability issues with respect to the key parameters of system size and diversity are extensively discussed. Conflicting goals are introduced, in the form of a population of nodes actively seeking to acquire neighbours of a type different from their own, resulting in decreased local homogeneity. We show that a 'secondary' self-organization process ensues, whereby nodes spontaneously cluster according to their implicit objective. Finally, we introduce dynamic goals by making the preferred neighbour type a function of the local characteristics of a simulated workload. We demonstrate that in this context, an overlay rewiring process based purely on local decisions and interactions can result in efficient load-balancing without central planning. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for the design of future distributed applications, the likely influence of other factors and of extreme parameter values on the ability of the system to self-organize and the potential improvements to our framework.


Resource scheduling is a key technology of cloud computing. In order to manage the resources in cloud efficiently, it is necessary to use workload prediction techniques for resource management. There are some workload's prediction algorithms for this problem, but they all have problems with accuracy and computational efficiency. In this paper, a new approach for Workload Prediction based on Gated Recurrent Units (GRUWP) was proposed. The approach uses a more reasonable workload model and more suitable neural network model for workload prediction, and it is capable to learn the temporal patterns and long range dependencies on large sequences of arbitrary length. Extensive experiments show that the approach can accurately predict the workload on the physical machine(PM) compared with other widely used workload prediction algorithms.


Development and application of data acquisition system of 1 450 mm hot strip mill in Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co is described.System network configuration,system software design,system data structure and data flow are introduced.Deficiency of original system was overcome,such as shortage of partial data,lack of running parameters of relative equipment,and shortage of quality control parameters.After the system was put into operation,running of the system is stable and reliable,and it has large application value.


Increasing levels of recreational use in wilderness, backcountry, and roadless areas has the potential to impact wildlife species, including those that depend on these protected areas for survival. Wildlife and wilderness managers will be more successful at reducing these impacts if they understand the potential impacts, factors affecting the magnitude of impacts, and available management strategies and implementation methods. In this reading list, we summarize over 230 books, articles, bibliographies, and Internet resources to provide managers with relevant research on backcountry recreation impacts on terrestrial wildlife amid the vast literature on this topic. The first section illustrates the importance of considering backcountry recreation impacts on wildlife, both for wildlife conservation and enhancement of wilderness visitor experiences. The second section reviews important concepts such as the types of impacts, methods for assessing them, and models for understanding these impacts. The third section provides an overview of field studies that documents recreation impacts on specific wildlife species and taxonomic groups. The fourth section contains information on management planning frameworks and specific techniques that may be useful for minimizing impacts of backcountry recreation to wildlife. The final section offers Internet resources and previous bibliographies related to the topic.


Scale features are useful for a great number of applications in computer vision. However, it is difficult to tolerate diversities of features in natural scenes by parametric methods. Empirical studies show that object frequencies and segment sizes follow the power law distributions which are well generated by Pitman-Yor (PY) processes. Based on mid-level segments, we propose a hierarchical sequence of images to obtain scale information stored in a hierarchical structure through the hierarchical Pitman-Yor (HPY) model which is expected to tolerate uncertainty of natural images. We also evaluate our representation by the application of segmentation.


The karyotypes (chromosome sets) of Trollius austrosibiricus, T. kytmanovii, and T. riederianus have been investigated for the first time. The karyotype formula has been obtained as 2n = 2x =16 = 2m + 2m/sm + 12sm for Trollius austrosibiricus and T. riederianus, and 2n = 2x =16 = 4m + 12sm for T. kytmanovii. A comparative analysis of the chromosome sets was conducted for these three species and the previously studied Trollius altaicus, T. asiaticus, T. ledebourii, and T. lilacinus (Hegemone lilacina) for several karyological parameters. The average absolute nuclear DNA content (2?-value) was originally determined for Trollius austrosibiricus, T. kytmanovii, T. ledebourii, and T. riederianus by flow cytometry.


The purpose of the study was to assess the suitability and safety of the flexible reinforced laryngeal mask airway (FRLMA) for intranasal surgery (INS) anesthesia.A secondary objective was to compare the incidence of complications of removal of the FRLMA with tracheal extubation in awake and anesthe


In the present work, the detection systems and the data acquisition methods used in the nuclear decay study in our laboratory at Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, CAS are introduced. These two detection systems include the low-background anti-Compton spectrometer and the three-parameter (γ-γ-t) coincidence system of HPGe-HPGe detectors, both of which are used to measure the γ rays following the nuclear β- and β++EC decays. In addition, as an example, the detection of γ rays following the β++EC decay of 74As, by using these two spectrometers, is described in detail.


Significance
 They are intended to set the framework for the future economic relationship between the United Kingdom and the EU. However, they have become a source of deep political division and mistrust, exacerbating concerns about the future of their political and economic relationship.

 Impacts
 A further deterioration in UK-EU trade relations would threaten to undermine peace and stability in Northern Ireland.
 Negative trade news is unlikely to shift opinions significantly on Brexit or support for Prime Minister Boris Johnson.
 UK hostility towards defence and security cooperation underpinned by EU institutional arrangements will remain strong.


Gradient descent bit flipping (GDBF) algorithm is an important low-complexity method for decoding LDPC codes. In particular, the multi-bit GDBF decoding has the best decoding performance among BF algorithms if a suitable threshold is prescribed. However, extensive computer searches are needed to find such a threshold for a specific LDPC code. In this paper, we propose a syndrome-aided GDBF (SAGDBF) algorithm to address the problem. The thresholds in our algorithm are adaptively adjusted according to the syndrome values in the iterative process. Simulation results for different LDPC codes suggest that the error performances of the proposed SAGDBF algorithm are close to and even better than the original multi-bit GDBF algorithm at a relatively small number of iterations. In addition, the complexity increased in our proposed algorithm is negligible compared with the original multi-bit GDBF algorithm. Hence, the proposed algorithm is suitable for practical purposes.


Aim : to assess safety of moistening lotion in atopic dermatitis in children and their attitude toward basis skin care with the abovementioned drug. Patients and methods: 446 children aged from 14 days to 18 years old were included into the study, among them 222 (48%) girls and 244 (52%) boys; 271 (58,2%) of the patients were predisposed to allergic reactions, 158 (33,9%) were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. All the patients and their parents were interviewed according to specially designed questionnaire, in which the main subjective sensations after the usage of the lotion (burning and dryness of the skin, hyperemia) were noticed. The evaluation was performed according to the three-point scale (0–2 points). Results : in assessment of subjective sensations after the usage of the lotion in the main group the absence of skin burning was observed in 443 (95,5%), absence of skin dryness — in 448 (96,1%) and absence of hyperemia — in 457 (98,1%) of the children. In assessment of questionnaires of the children with atopic dermatitis absence of skin burning was found in 151 (95,6%), absence of skin dryness — in 152 (96,2%) and absence of hyperemia — in 155 (98,1%) of the patients. Moreover the drug showed high cosmetic acceptability in the both groups. Conclusions : high safety and cosmetic acceptability of the moistening lotion were confirmed both in the main group of children and in patients with atopic dermatitis.


To m ake an accurate diagnosis of esophageal rupture during balloon dilatation without the help of esophagograph. an infusion pump. a pressure transducer and a radiopaque esophageal balloon were connected through a three-way connector. The pressure transducer was connected consecutively to an amplifier . a differentiator and a speaker to detect a press ure drop in the esophageal balloon. Under fluoroscopic monitoring. a radiopaque balloon catheter was inserted in the mid-thoracic esophagus of 30 rabbits and inflated with air until the esophagus was ruptured. A pressure drop in the balloon at the time of esophageal rupture was not only recorded graphically. but also was identified through a speaker. To examine esophageal rupture grossly. the rabbits were sacrificed after esophagography. We could detect the time of esophageal rupture during balloon dilatation in all rabbits accurately by observing the pressure drop on the pressure recorder and by hearing the sound made on a speaker In 8 patients with esophageal stricture. a deflated radiopaque balloon catheter was inserted to the position inside the narrowing point and inflated by inj ecting air until the 'hourglass ' deformity created by the s tricture disappeared from the balloon contour while the pressure change in the balloon was monitored with a pressure recorder. The balloon pressures at the time of disa ppea rance of the " hourglass" deformity from the balloon contour ranged from 200 mmHgto2α)() mmHg in 8 patients with esophageal sσictures. Esophageal rupture did not occur in these patients. In conclusion. our results indicate that this new method is not only safe but promising for patients in the future


The massive volumes of molecular data are available in online databases. The different types of inherent uncertainties present in this molecular data pose major challenge in the analysis of this data. The existing algorithms for association rule mining are not completely capable in dealing with these uncertainties. In the present paper a fuzzy soft fuzzy approach is proposed for mining amino acid associations in molecular sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). The data consisting of peptide sequences of MTBC is transformed into fuzzy transactional dataset using the fuzzy set. The soft set is employed to transform fuzzy transactions into soft fuzzy transactions. The fuzzy set is again employed to transform soft fuzzy transaction into fuzzy soft fuzzy transactions. The association rule mining is performed to generate amino acid association patterns. It is observed that the proposed approach prunes the spurious patterns and recovers the missing patterns obtained by the existing approaches.


This paper deals with the advantages of incorporating memory-based reasoning
capabilities in autonomous navigation algorithm. These features enhance the mobile robot's
performance whereby the mobile robot's forthcoming decisions are also affected by its
previous experiences during the navigation apart from the current range inputs. The
feasibility of this strategy is applied to an intelligent low cost mobile robot with local
sensors with 8 bits microcontroller. The environment of the mobile robot is modeled by
classifying temporal sequences of spatial sensory patterns. Fuzzy-Kohonen Network (FKN)
technique determines this strategy. A detailed comparison of the proposed technique with
other recent approaches in the specific case of 'local minimum' detection and obstacle
avoidance is also presented. By employing a small number of rules the FKN technique can
be adapted for reactive control. This technique provides much faster response to expected
events and it allows the mobile robot to continue move without any need to stop for
'danger' situation. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated also in a
series of practical test on our experimental mobile robot in concave and unstructured
environment. The results show that mobile robot based on FKN technique has the ability to
perform navigation tasks in several environments, it has capability to recognize the
environment, suitable for low cost mobile robot due to only produce 7 Kbytes resources,
and it solve 'local minima' situation.


This paper discusses acceptance of the Pima Freeway construction proposal by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), and the reasons it rejected two other highway proposals. Areas presented include: funding, economic impacts, public perceptions, and media attitudes toward public-private partnerships.


A nearly complete genome sequence of Candidatus 'Acetothermum autotrophicum', a presently uncultivated bacterium in candidate division OP1, was revealed by metagenomic analysis of a subsurface thermophilic microbial mat community. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of proteins common among 367 prokaryotes suggests that Ca. 'A. autotrophicum' is one of the earliest diverging bacterial lineages. It possesses a folate-dependent Wood-Ljungdahl (acetyl-CoA) pathway of CO2 fixation, is predicted to have an acetogenic lifestyle, and possesses the newly discovered archaeal-autotrophic type of bifunctional fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase/phosphatase. A phylogenetic analysis of the core gene cluster of the acethyl-CoA pathway, shared by acetogens, methanogens, some sulfur- and iron-reducers and dechlorinators, supports the hypothesis that the core gene cluster of Ca. 'A. autotrophicum' is a particularly ancient bacterial pathway. The habitat, physiology and phylogenetic position of Ca. 'A. autotrophicum' support the view that the first bacterial and archaeal lineages were H2-dependent acetogens and methanogenes living in hydrothermal environments.


This paper examines the determinants of working excessive hours, defined as working in excess of 60 hours per week or for more than six consecutive days, in Chinese and Thai supply-chain factories. We use a matched employer-employee dataset collected from 15 Chinese and Thai footwear and sporting apparel supply-chain factories, which supply international brands. Matched employer-employee data allows us to examine the effect of worker and firm characteristics on hours worked. We find that in addition to the demographic and human capital characteristics of workers, firm-level characteristics and worker awareness of how to refuse overtime are important factors in explaining variation in hours worked.


More than 60% of potential drug products suffer from poor water solubility. This frequently results in potentially important products not reaching the market or not achieving their full potential. Most of the chemical entities are being are discovered are lipophilic in nature and have poor aqueous solubility, thereby posing problems in their formulation into delivery system. Experience with solid dispersions over the last 20-30 years indicates that this is a very fruitful approach to improving the release rate and oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs and the availability of a wide variety of polymers that are themselves poorly soluble or which swell under aqueous conditions suggests that solid dispersions have tremendous potential in the area of controlled release dosage forms.


Relationship of Teacher Training Levels to Teacher Referrals for Twice Exceptional Students by Robin A. Jones MSCIS, Boston University MCPM, Boston University Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy General Education Psychology Walden University November 2014 Abstract Although previous studies have acknowledged the role of teacher training in working with children with special needs, none have investigated the relationship between teacher training and referrals. There is a need to understand the factors that affect K-12 classroom teachers' referrals of twice exceptional (2E) students into gifted programs. Supported by the optimal stimulation theory, the purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if there is a relationship between teacher training and 2E student referrals. The survey method was used to collect data from 102 K-12 teachers in the Ohio school district on their teaching credentials, ranging from no training to being certified to teach gifted children.The teachers read a vignette about a hypothetical student who had an emotional behavior disorder and indicated their decision for referral. Phi and Cramer's VAlthough previous studies have acknowledged the role of teacher training in working with children with special needs, none have investigated the relationship between teacher training and referrals. There is a need to understand the factors that affect K-12 classroom teachers' referrals of twice exceptional (2E) students into gifted programs. Supported by the optimal stimulation theory, the purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if there is a relationship between teacher training and 2E student referrals. The survey method was used to collect data from 102 K-12 teachers in the Ohio school district on their teaching credentials, ranging from no training to being certified to teach gifted children.The teachers read a vignette about a hypothetical student who had an emotional behavior disorder and indicated their decision for referral. Phi and Cramer's V tested the validity of the hypothesis that teachers will make referrals according to their level of training. A binary logistic regression was performed to determine which factors predicted the referral of the hypothetical 2E student described in the vignette and the number of self-reported referrals during the previous year. Teachers who received training in the education and learning of exceptional students beyond the current level of degree for K-12 teachers were significantly more likely to refer 2E students to their school's gifted program. Teachers who received advanced training in working with exceptional students were significantly more likely to have made referrals of 2E students during the previous academic year. The results of this study can initiate positive social change by aiding teacher-educators or leaders in education to make specific recommendations for teacher training in an attempt to respond to the needs of 2E students. Relationship of Teacher Training Levels to Teacher Referrals for Twice Exceptional Students by Robin A. Jones MSCIS, Boston University MCPM, Boston University Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy General Education Psychology Walden University November 2014 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 1346 UMI 3645228 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. UMI Number: 3645228


This paper deals with the study of wireless based automobile parking slot system. In today's conditions it is observed a sudden increase in parking in city areas, that is why the project aims to find a solution. People can easily view the full list of parking series in real or physical time on the internet server and can book the parking spaces requested depending on their accessibility. By making a reservation through this process, it not only reduces the time spend in searching parking area but also reduce the wastage of human efforts.


The purpose and function of a ship's hull is to protect the ship from the sea and vice versa. This is why ship owners and designers have a built-in incentive to utilize an adequate structure that will ensure the continued functionality of the ship over its lifespan, heedless of any national or international design requirements. Nevertheless, whenever there is economic benefit to be achieved from operating a ship, there is also motivation to maximize profit by decreasing initial capital costs, trimming ship weight, or deferring regular maintenance. This is why ship structural requirements have been instituted in a variety of forms by a number of entities. Unlike other safety systems, such as lifesaving requirements, structural requirements are as grounded in maintaining an owner's profitability as they are in preserving and protecting the environment, and ensuring the seafarer's safety.


Within the framework of enterprise knowledge sharing,the paper analyzes its possible barriers in each phase of the process and,with a case study on a certain logistics enterprise,introduces its countermeasures in the hopes of providing references for logistics enterprises to break down the barriers.


Nanofluids have attracted increasing interest for more than a decade. A number of studies have demonstrated that nanofluids presented intriguing heat transfer enhancement performances. We produced a series of nanofluids and measured their thermal conductivities. The most used heat transfer fluids including deionized water (DW), ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol, silicone oil, and the binary mixture of DW and EG were used as the base fluids. Various nanoparticles (NPs) including Al2 O3 NPs with different sizes, SiC NPs with different shapes, MgO NPs, ZnO NPs, SiO2 NPs, Fe3 O4 NPs, TiO2 NPs, diamond NPs (DNPs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different pretreatments have been used as additives. In the present paper, we summarized our experimental results to elucidate the influencing factors for thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids. The thermal transport mechanisms in nanofluids were further discussed and the promising approaches for optimizing the thermal conductivity of nanofluids were proposed.© 2009 ASME


In recent years,growing acreage of cutting chrysanthemum "Orifolium Ram" has been increasing rapidly in that it is the most important cutting chrysanthemum cultivar suitable for exporting.Based on the results of study on this cultivar in Dalian,the culturing techniques for cutting chrysanthemum cultivar "Orifolium Ram" in greenhouse were provided to growers for references,involving soil preparation,planting,pinching,disbudding,nutrition,year-round flower production,use of B9,disease and pest control,and harvesting for marketing.