Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a feature of great importance that contributes to assure the safety of a given infrastructure's behavior, as well as extending its given life span. The main objective of this thesis consists in the development, construction and testing of a two-dimensional optical accelerometer for SHM applications. The optimized design of the sensor using 3D printing technology, polymer optical fibers (POF) and light emitting diodes (LED) allow the achievement of a lowcost solution. The operating principle of this accelerometer is based on the motion detection of an inertial mass attached to a single optical fiber coupled to a red LED, which emits a light beam that is projected along the vertical plane of a POF bundle disposed in a hexagonal configuration. The cantilever's position variations are then captured by a webcam that is lined up with the other sensor components and connected to a computer. The information registered by the camera is then analyzed using a digital image processing technique conceived in a script file using the MATLAB software, which allows the integration of the optical signal's intensity levels detected in each fiber core and the estimation of the applied acceleration. Starting from a basic model for the accelerometer, we then developed an optimized version, increasing the optical sensor's accuracy and its configuration flexibility. After conducting a series of manual tests to ensure the correct functioning of the accelerometer, we then shifted to laboratory experiments using a pendulum configuration, analyzing, discussing and comparing the obtained results. Keywords— Accelerometers, Plastic Optical Fibers (POF), 3D Printing, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM).


Real-time traffic prediction is essential for mitigating traffic congestion and reducing travel time. Recent advancement in graph convolutional network (GCN) has motivated a series of GCN-based models for traffic forecasting on an urban road network. However, these graph-based methods cannot capture the intricate dependencies of consecutive road segments such as no left turn, and dynamic spatial dependency. In this paper, we propose Trajectory WaveNet, or T-wave in short, a traffic forecasting model that utilizes the actual vehicle trajectories to capture the above intricate dependencies to improve prediction performance. Both trajectories and traffic data are obtained from the floating car data collected by ridesharing companies such as DiDi. T-wave treats vehicle trajectories as first-class citizens, and applies dilated causal convolutions along both the temporal dimension (i.e., recent, daily-periodic and weekly-periodic historical traffic data) and the spatial dimension (i.e., trajectories). For effective training, a trajectory mini-batch sampling technique is devised considering both spatial and temporal proximity. Extensive experiments on real datasets show that T-wave consistently bests the state-of-the-art models.


For nearly three decades, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) has been measuring incremental system navigation transportation costs for proposed infrastructure investments in search of the National Economic Development (NED) plan: local optimization in a system-level evaluation. The increasingly complex and sophisticated analysis requires the development of additional modeling modules. The traditional analysis assumed a most-likely traffic forecast and a set investment timing. Cost-benefit analyses on various alternatives were compared to determine the without-project condition and the recommended with-project NED plan. Sensitivity analyses of traffic forecasts and investment timing were done on the with-project plan. The second generation of analysis factored in the impacts of scheduled chamber closure differences between alternatives, and the third generation of analysis factored in the impacts of unscheduled ones. The goal is to be able to optimize investments simultaneously across a system (not just investments at one site) under a series of forecast scenarios while capturing structural reliability differences (scheduled and unscheduled closures). As the demands of the analysis increased, there was a need to consolidate and dynamically link the various models and techniques developed over the years and to develop new techniques to simultaneously manage investment permutations and automatically select optimal investment plans; the desire was to perform system optimization in a system-level evaluation. The innovative analysis techniques and relational database management structure of the new Ohio River Navigation Investment Model are introduced, as is a set of flexible, integrated analysis modules that move the Corps closer to these ideals.


Abstract Aircraft and dropsonde measurements of humidity and wind velocity over the Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon season have been used to calculate the horizontal flux of water vapor and the rate of evaporation from the water surface. Calculations of evaporation over areas several hundred kilometers on a side are compared with calculations made at a point from buoy measurements of the vertical profiles of wind velocity, humidity and temperature. Using direct measurements of differences in horizontal flux, large errors occurred in three of nine cases; these discrepancies may be traced to changes in the wind field which occurred during the flights of the observing aircraft. Using values of horizontal flux divergence estimated from the heat flux equation, the two independent methods agree in sign and in approximate magnitude. The results are also compared with a small sample of aircraft measurements of the covariance of vertical velocity and absolute humidity. Individual values of covariance taken ...


A calculating procedure for the time domain response of nonlinear system excited by multitone signals is presented by means of Volterra series and the theory of differential equation. And an algorithm and its numeric simulation of the famous Duffing's equation are also given.The results show that this method is very valid and efficient.


The application of SAR remote sensing image becomes wider. Because it can penetrate to a certain depth into ground, and is very sensitive to water content, so it's more powerful than other remote sensing methods in water exploration in arid area. This paper takes the area of Alashanzuoqi in Inner Mongolia as an example, introduces the application method of water resource exploration with SAR images, including orthgraph correction, fusing with TM image and its application result in brief.


The purpose of this study is to investigate whether 'impression management' exists in Chinese corporate annual reports. Despite flourishing in the Western context, the literature regarding impression management has not yet received any significant development pertinent to China and its cultural norms. The following question is raised: do the most profitable Chinese listed companies disclose information in their chairmen's statements in a way that is significantly different from those of least profitable companies? The results indicate impression management motives do underlie chairman's statements in the Chinese context in a number of ways, as we suggest in this contribution.


This paper deals with the problems of the modeling, exponential stability and controller design for singular networked control systems (NCSs) with time-varying delay and multiple-packet transmission. Considering the existence of time-delay and packet dropout, the model of singular NCS with multiple-packet transmission and dynamical output feedback is obtained, which is an asynchronous dynamical system (ADS) constrained by event rates. Based on the theory of ADS, Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality method, the negative semi-definite matrix conditions of exponential stability and controller design method for the singular NCSs with multiple-packet transmission are presented. Furthermore, a numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed semi-definite matrix conditions of exponential stability and controller design method.


From the perspectives of the operational objectives of the green supply chain management and in consideration of its economic efficiency, social and environmental impact as well as its unique characteristics, this paper examines the pricing issues of the green supply chain for home appliances industry by using game theory and contract coordination theory. Considering the influences of the effective recycle behavior of the used home appliances to the whole supply chain, the paper proposes a game model for the portfolio pricing for the wholesale, retail and recycle price based on retailer recycling model. Then a revenue and expense-sharing contract model is designed to improve the game effects, by allocating both total revenues and expenses related to the manufacturing, retailing and recycling operations in the green supply chain among all participating players, thus maximizing the profits and effectiveness of the supply chain as a whole. The pricing models presented in this paper provide a practical and theoretical guidance for home appliances enterprises in making pricing decisions and supply chain contracts.


Marginal analysis is applied to solve the economic production lot-size problem. Rather than duplicating past research efforts, this paper emphasizes how marginal analysis can be used to reduce the complexity of large problems and to provide a range of near-optimal solutions. Problem complexity is reduced through a simple grouping procedure while the range of near-optimal solutions is organized via a simple figure. Finally, the method of selecting from among the solutions under varying conditions is discussed.


Increasing settlement and subsequent deforestation in the Amazon are disturbing animal habitats and placing pressure on indigenous peoples who depend on hunting as a means of subsistence. As policy makers attempt to address growing environmental and social concerns, anthropologists are often in a position to provide information relating to traditional subsistence systems and how these systems may be experiencing stress due to development. Crucial to this issue is the need for anthropologists to provide in a proactive manner quantitative, longitudinal resource use data to those in policy-making positions to document the effects of settler incursion on native subsistence systems. This paper will present data from the Yuqui, a foraging people in eastern lowland Bolivia who are experiencing increased pressure on faunal resources from settlers. Using data collected in 1983 and 1988, I will suggest that the Yuqui are beginning to exhibit hunting patterns consistent with known cases of game depletion. I will arg...


Abstract Examining Bo Burnham's stand-up comedy special, Make Happy (2016), this article proposes the concept of comic synchrony, a mode of discourse used to speak both ironically and sincerely at once. Initially, audiences read Burnham's utterances as wholly ironic or sincere depending upon their membership in an in-group or out-group. Comic synchrony occurs through the layering of concurrent discourse communities that complicate the use of shared rhetorical modes between speaker and interpreter. I argue that audience membership in coexisting and permeable discursive circles catalyses audience evolution so they come to understand each of the Burnham's utterances as ironic and sincere simultaneously. Through this model, the comedian levels biting critique toward the assembled audience and, more broadly, contrived performance—meaning each attack and not meaning it at the same time. The result is a rhetorical configuration that interrogates the ambivalent relationship between irony and sincerity, emphasizing the contradictory and conflicting experience of acting out one's life for an audience.


With the further development of agricultural mechanization,the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy is significant.There are three stages of agricultural machinery and agronomy combination,including agricultural machinery adaptation into the agronomy,agricultural agronomy adaptation into the machinery,agricultural machinery and agronomy coordinated development.At present,the combination needs urgent,conditions are ripe,government taking the matter seriously.It has entered critical period of agricultural machinery adaptation into the agronomy transited to agricultural machinery and agronomy to adapt to each other.Combined agricultural machinery and agronomy,agronomy research should consider the possibility of agricultural machinery operations;agricultural machinery development should achieve the agronomic effect.The paper proposed the objectives,ideas,and the implementation of farmland projects,the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomic research,the implementation of agricultural mechanization regional planning,strengthen organization and coordination,increase agricultural machinery and agronomic education and training and so on.


For the greater part of the twentieth century the role of shareholders within the public corporation has been conceptualized within the contractarian framework influenced by the neo-liberal emphasis on market efficiency. Within this framework the shareholders do not wish to be involved with the corporation's management, nor do they gain any benefits from an active engagement, mainly because of the market efficacy to control managerial discretion and a series of legal and extra-legal obstacles to shareholders' active involvement. Through most of the twentieth century, this contractarian orthodoxy of the rather passive role of shareholders also coincided with the practice. This paper argues that these contractarian assertions do not hold anymore in the face of the rise in the holdings and influence of institutional investors in recent years. In addition, the contractarian framework cannot provide suitable benchmarks for evaluating the current shareholder-centric policy reforms promoting the shareholder franchise and shareholder accountability. At the same time, the increasing "financialization" of the modern corporation and the role of activist shareholders in corporate law practices needs to be taken into account. This context can mark a paradigm shift for Anglo-American corporate law, from contractarianism and agency theory to what can be described as an "investor paradigm" for corporate law. Within this paradigm institutional investors are expected to act in a two-fold way: as a monitoring mechanism promoting shareholder value maximization and as an accountability mechanism protecting the interests of other shareholders and the economy as a whole through the promotion of shareholder stewardship.


There is growing evidence pointing to key role of platelets in maintaining vascular integrity during inflammation [1]. Using different mouse models of inflammation, we recently showed that inflammation induces hemorrhage in thrombocytopenic animals [2]. Mice with low platelet counts (<2.5% of normal) challenged with different inflammatory stimuli developed bleeding only in areas of inflammation, but not in areas without inflammation, and the bleeding could be rescued by transfusion of only 10% of platelets. Mice with a normal platelet count did not exhibit any bleeding, despite similar degrees of inflammation. Here, we report a case of petechial bleeding due to acute inflammation secondary to sunburn in a patient with mild thrombocytopenia. A 31-year-old man with mild chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) developed localized petechial bleeding in areas of inflamed skin after a first-degree sunburn. The patient was first diagnosed with ITP at the age of 21 with a platelet count of 82,000 platelets/lL. Since then, his platelet count has oscillated between 54,000 and 110,000 platelets/lL. He has never had petechiae, epistaxis, gingivorrhagia, or other spontaneous bleeding and has never received treatment for ITP. Three weeks prior to the index sunburn, the patient's platelet count was 68,000 platelets/lL. The patient exposed himself to direct sunlight on a Caribbean beach. He applied sunscreen unevenly to his lower legs, leaving the medial and anterior aspects of his shins unprotected. He sunbathed, and 7 hr later developed a first-degree sunburn that was limited to the areas to which he had not adequately applied sunscreen. Interestingly, a clear petechial rash developed specifically in the sunburned skin, but not in adjacent skin that had not been sunburned. There had been no anteceding trauma, and the patient was not taking any medications. The image on the left shows petechiae and sunburned skin on the anterior and medial aspect of the patient's lower leg, while the posterior aspect is free of both sunburn and petechiae(Image 1). The image on the right shows a more detailed image of the petechiae. Sun exposure has been reported to induce petechiae in patients taking photosensitizing drugs, such as ciprofloxacin, even in the presence of a normal platelet count [3]. It is intriguing that the patient we describe developed petechial bleeding despite having only mild thrombocytopenia. We wonder whether the propensity for bleeding in deep organs, such as the liver or heart, is similarly increased in patients with mild thrombocytopenia in diseases characterized by an inflammatory response, such as hepatitis or myocarditis. This case recapitulates in humans our previous observations in mouse models of inflammation and highlights the importance of a normal platelet count to prevent bleeding in the setting of inflammation.


Abstract (E)-3′,5′-diamino-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′,3′,5′-trideoxyuridine (5), the diamino analogue of BVDU (1), was synthesized from BVDU. In contrast with BVDU, compound 5 did not show activity against herpes simplex virus or varicella-zoster virus.


In Bi12SiO20, the fitting parameters of the exponential optical absorption were investigated from the experimental results reported by Toyoda and co-workers (1986) and analysed by Kurik. The exciton-phonon interaction in the facet-core part of Bi12SiO20 is larger than that in the facet-core-free part. Also the energy of the phonons involved in the formation of the absorption tail in the facet-core part is larger than that in the facet-core-free part.


The hot asphalt surface layer is layered and has different functions in the pavement structure. In addition to being able to distribute the vertical load of the vehicle, it must also be able to withstand the lateral load of the vehicle. The lateral load of the vehicle that is too large causes a shear force which will have an impact on the release of the bond between the layers of hot asphalt mixture. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to determine the shear strength between layers of hot asphalt mixture. Several factors that cause the level of bonding strength between layers of hot asphalt mixture are the distribution of the tack coat, the setting time, the type of tack coat, and the presence of adhering dirt. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the distribution of tack coat 0.25 and 0.35 l/m2 and setting time of 60, 90, and 120 minutes on the shear strength between layers of hot asphalt mix asphalt concrete wearing course (AC-WC) and asphalt concrete base course (AC-BC). The laboratory testing method selected by using modified soil shear test equipment. The test results show that the number of distributions and the length of setting time will cause an increase in the shear strength between the hot asphalt mixture. The maximum shear strength in the distribution of 0.25 l/m2 is 0.59 kg/cm2 and the distribution of 0.35 l/m2 is 0.64 kg/cm2 with a setting time of 120 minutes. It can also be concluded that setting time has a more significant effect on shear strength between asphalt pavement layers than the distribution of tack coat.


Objective: To develop a self-rating Barthel Index questionnaire (SB) for assessing stroke patients living at home, the test-retest reliability of SB versions 1 and 2 and the inter-method reliability of SB version 3 were examined. Design: Case series. Setting: Clinics of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at the University Hospital and two affiliated hospitals. Patients: Thirty-one, 140 and 65 chronic stroke patients living at home, being seen for regular follow-up, and having no severe aphasia for SB versions 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Main outcome measure: Kappa coefficients of items in SB versions 1 and 2 for test-retest reliability; intra-class correlation coefficients of the self-care index, mobility index and total score, kappa coefficients of items and Friedman's two-way ANOVAs of ranking in SB version 3 among the self-ratings, family ratings and occupational therapist (OT) ratings; a regression analysis of age, gender, duration, time for filling in the SB, OT ratings, Mini-Mental State score and aphasia. Results: Kappa coefficients in SB version 2 were higher than those in version 1. Intra-class correlation coefficients in SB version 3 among the three ratings were good, and kappa coefficients in each item were also good or excellent. By Friedman's two-way ANOVA, all the items except walking up/down stairs had no significant difference in ranking. Regression analysis revealed that OT ratings and time for filling in the SB affected the absolute difference of scores between the self-ratings and OT ratings. Conclusion: SB version 3 is sufficiently reliable for practical use.


Ge–Sn compound is predicted to be a direct band gap semiconductor with a tunable band gap. However, the bulk synthesis of this material by conventional methods at ambient pressure is unsuccessful due to the poor solubility of Sn in Ge. We report the successful synthesis of Ge–Sn in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LHDAC) at ~7.6 GPa & ~2000 K. In situ Raman spectroscopy of the sample showed, apart from the characteristic Raman modes of Ge TO (Г) and β-Sn TO (Г), two additional Raman modes at ~225 cm−1 (named Ge–Sn1) and ~133 cm−1 (named Ge–Sn2). When the sample was quenched, the Ge–Sn1 mode remained stable at ~215 cm−1, whereas the Ge–Sn2 mode had diminished in intensity. Comparing the Ge–Sn Raman mode at ~225 cm−1 with the one observed in thin film studies, we interpret that the observed phonon mode may be formed due to Sn-rich Ge–Sn system. The additional Raman mode seen at ~133 cm−1 suggested the formation of low symmetry phase under high P–T conditions. The results are compared with Ge–Si binary system.


Background Ziziphi spinosae semen (ZSS), dry mature seeds of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F. Chow., are widely used in the treatment of insomnia, fright palpitations, and profuse dreaming in medical treatments. The counterfeit species of ZSS, Ziziphi mauritianae semen (ZMS), and Hovenia dulcis Thunb (HDT) are seeds from Ziziphus incurva Roxb. and Hovenia acerba Lindl., respectively. However, the pharmacopeia is not recorded for ZMS and HDT. In this article, we reviewed the identification methods of ZSS, ZMS, and HDT. Materials and Methods The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to identify the ZSS and its copies. Plant genome DNA was extracted from Z. jujuba Mill., Z. incurva Roxb., and H. acerba Lindl. Random primers were designed to amplify the genome. The amplified products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results By analyzing the polymorphism of the amplified product DNA fragment, the DNA fingerprint maps of Z. jujuba Mill., Z. incurva Roxb., and H. acerba Lindl. were successfully constructed.


The Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) has been collecting data since soon after its installation on the Hubble Space Telescope in May 2009. The two-segment microchannel plate-based detector for the FUV channel is subject to gain sag, and eventually a permanent loss of efficiency at the locations where the largest number of counts have fallen. The initial strategy for the use of the detector was to maximize the scientific productivity of the instrument over the five-year design lifetime. This has been accomplished by periodically adjusting the high voltage and moving the spectra to a different location on the detector in order to spread the damage on the detector and thus minimize gain sag. The instrument is now well past this point and performing well, so in late 2016 we began to investigate ways to extend the life of the detector for as long as possible without seriously affecting the scientific performance. As a result of these studies, we adopted a new lifetime extension strategy when the spectra were moved to Lifetime Position 4 (LP4) in October 2017, and placed restrictions on the G130M observing modes that put Lyman-α airglow lines on the detector. Central wavelengths 1300, 1309, 1318, and 1327 are no longer permitted to illuminate Segment B of the detector, and G130M/1291 is permitted on that segment only for FP-POS values 3 and 4 in order to concentrate the damage to the detector. These changes limit the damage from gain sag "holes" due to airglow to only two locations on the detector, rather than the twenty at the previous LPs. In addition, we modified our previous approach of increasing the high voltage or changing LPs before any hole experienced a sensitivity loss of 5%, and will permit the two G130M/1291 holes to become permanently sagged, thus creating a new detector gap. Science programs that require wavelength coverage near the rest-frame Lyman-α region (1216 Å) can be executed at LP3. Observations with other gratings remain unaffected, but the wavelength coverage on Segment B for a single exposure will now include gaps due to the gain sag holes from the G130M/1291 observations. Models of gain loss as a function of exposure suggest that by adopting this strategy and giving up these small regions of the detector, we will be able to use LP4 productively for six or more years, as opposed to the ~2.5 years that was available at previous positions.


Summary It would appear that in these experiments the intra-peritoneal injection of crude peanut oil extracts of the brown fat of the woodchuck and the thirteen-lined ground squirrel produced a lowering of the heat production of the white rat either at once or after 1 or 2 days (as measured by the oxygen consumption). Such effects, with one exception, were not produced by the injection of peanut oil alone.


The article is dedicated to some aspects of functioning, development, transformation, diversification and correlation of traditional and innovative forms of intellectual property in economic system.


1. The Miller Tale: An Introduction Mark Elliott, Jack Williams and Alison L Young 2. Prerogative Powers After Miller: An Analysis in Four E's Jack Williams 3. Miller and the Prerogative Anne Twomey 4. Miller, Treaty Making and the Rights of Subjects Eirik Bjorge 5. Miller, EU Law and the UK Paul Craig 6. Of Power Cables and Bridges: Individual Rights and Retrospectivity in Miller and Beyond David Howarth 7. Constitutional Change and Territorial Consent: The Miller Case and the Sewel Convention Aileen McHarg 8. Sovereignty, Consent and Constitutions: The Northern Ireland References Gordon Anthony 9. The Miller Case and Constitutional Statutes Sir John Laws 10. Sovereignty, Primacy and the Common Law Constitution: What Has EU Membership Taught Us? Mark Elliott 11. Miller, Constitutional Realism and the Politics of Brexit Richard Ekins and Graham Gee 12. Miller and the Future of Constitutional Adjudication Alison L Young


The invention provides a preparation method of a biodegradable composite material, which includes the following steps of: putting 60-80 parts of polyving akohol, 20-40 parts of poly butylenes succinate, 0.5-3 parts of nano inorganic filling and 1-10 parts of dispersing agent into a high-speed mixer to be mixed at high speed for 20-30mins under the temperature of 60-100 DEG C; putting 100 parts of the mixture, 10-30 parts of composite plasticizer and 0.5-5 parts of processing agent into the high-speed mixer to be mixed under high speed for 15-20mins under 80-120 DEG C; and extruding out and pelleting to get polyvinyl alcohol/poly butylenes succinate biodegradable composite material. Through the preparation method provided by the invention, the biodegradability and the mechanical property of the composite material are improved, the processing performance is improved, the operation process is simple and the raw material is widely available.


Andaman and Nicobar Islands represent a varied group of islands in its distributional pattern. Nancowry group in Andaman and Nicobar is comprised of 4 islands such as Camorta, Katchall, Nancowry and Trinket. These islands represent 274 species of scleractinian corals with 22.26% to 58.39% of species composition among themselves. Shannon-Weaver Diversity index (H ) of Scleractinian corals of the islands ¯ was calculated as 5.62 to 6.85, indicating very high coral diversity at Nancowry Islands. Simpson's species density index (D) ranged from 0.97 to 0.98 while Pielou's Species evenness index (J') showed 0.93 to 0.94 in these islands. The similarity index (QS) regulated low values 17.43% to 48.98% as most of the species were dissimilar between the islands.


This study addressed the causal association of entrepreneurial performance as predicted by entrepreneurial skills and innovative behavior. Respondents of this research comprised 205 business graduate students from colleges and universities in SOCSARGEN Region in the Philippines. In a quantitative design and through purposive sampling, survey questionnaires were adopted, validated, and utilized. The researcher used the mean and multiple regression as tools in analyzing the data. Findings revealed that business graduate students' entrepreneurial skills, innovative behavior, and entrepreneurial performance were high. This means that business graduate students possessed entrepreneurial skills, innovative behavior was evident, and a very satisfactory entrepreneurial performance. On the individual capacity, entrepreneurial skills did not significantly influence business performance while innovative behavior significantly influenced entrepreneurial performance.


Modeling vehicle trajectories in cities is an important task that can help transportation planners make smart decisions around traffic policies and transportation infrastructure. Often times there is not enough data available for the planners to use, or the data available contains sensitive personal information which, if used, would violate data privacy policies. Without data, uninformed decisions can lead to traffic congestion and inadequate public transportation infrastructure. With the annual costs of traffic congestion exceeding one trillion U.S. dollars worldwide, this is obviously a problem worth addressing. We propose a method of generating new samples of vehicle trajectory data for a given city, leveraging existing GAN models with novel data representations.


With the rapid development of traffic, urban expressways are becoming more and more popular. However, the problem of overload and overrun on expressways that followed has been repeatedly banned, seriously affecting transportation safety. This article takes the urban expressway in Huai'an as an example, collects big data, analyzes the data with SPSS software, and combines the real case of the viaduct collapse in Wuxi to provide governance strategies for expressway overload and over-run control and improve transportation safety.


Management sciences have long ignored the cultural embedding of organizations. They consider that economic globalization brings a powerful dynamic of standardization that marginalizes cultural differences in the business world. Sometimes, these differences are seen as being reduced to habits and customs that affect the life of firms or international organizations only on minor points such as respecting punctuality in appointments or expressing straightforward criticism. They consider that the core of management—organizing activities to best serve the interests of stakeholders—will not be affected. Sometimes, too, these differences are perceived as survivors of traditions that will have to be eradicated if modernity and efficiency are to finally triumph. Consequently, best practices, presumably universal, should be established throughout the world. However, in real life, cultures resist....


A more precise procedure for the colorimetric evaluation of Derris root is described, making use of the colour which rotenone and the matter which may be extracted from Derris root by ether produce with concentrated sulphuric acid containing a trace of sodium nitrite. Rotenone is used as a standard. A number of samples of Derris powder with varying contents of rotenone and ether extract were analyzed. It was found that the amount of "rotenoid" substances present in the different samples corresponded fairly well to the ether extract.


The pixel channel response nonuniformity is a major factor affecting the detection ability of the XRII-CCD.Therefore it is necessary to develop correction algorithms to compensate for the nonuniformity.The disadvantages of the traditional nonuniformity correction methods are analyzed firstly.Then a correction approach of XRII-CCD pixel channel response based on BP neural network is proposed.The nonlinear reflecting capability of BP neural network is applied to approach the I/O characteristic curve of each pixel channel.And at the same time,neural network is trained by the I/O data measured.The images and the standard deviations for the images are given before and after the correction.The nonuniformity correction capability of the presented solution is validated by experimental results.


Distributed energy resources (DERs) can enhance power system resilience against natural disasters. However, a high penetration of DERs changes the structure and dynamics of power systems at the transmission level. Their overall impact on resilience requires a thorough analysis. This paper describes a probabilistic resilience assessment method to assess how different levels of DERs penetration affect the system dynamics at the transmission level. Using a modified version of the IEEE39 test system, it quantifies how DERs can affect the resilience of the system to earthquakes. Additional probabilistic sensitivity studies investigate the effect of inertia on the resilience. Finally, the analysis of a specific scenario illustrates the effect of the DERs on the dynamics of the power system.


The fashion, clothing and cult of appearance are issues that prevail today in modern society, but how men are inserted in this context? What are the achievements and the prejudices which still haunt the Portuguese and Brazilians men? And the work clothing, does it bring confort? Is the image consulting a way? This are a few questions wich sought to unravel in a comparative research between Portuguese and Brazilians men. The main results obtained show that, despite some peculiarities, there is no statistically significant differences between Portuguese and Brazilians men with regard to the conduct of fashion. Men, in general, shows some confident, wich get materializes in the act of feeling comfortable witf the clothes the they wear and the penchant to spend in clothes, always attentive to his image. The professional support is still a controversial issue, with little acceptance and valorization in the male universe.


CPM is one of the most serious neurological complications that can occur after OLT and is characterized by symmetrical demyelinization in the basis pontis. The etiology of CPM remains unclear, although the rapid correction of the serum sodium and CNI concentrations may be associated with the development of CPM. With recent advances in MRI technology, early diagnosis of CPM has become possible. Here, we present the case of a five‐yr‐old female who developed CNI‐associated CPM after undergoing LDLT. A decreased level of consciousness and dysphasia was noted one wk after LDLT, and MRI revealed findings compatible with a diagnosis of CPM. The patient fully recovered from the neurological deficits related to CPM following the switch from the CNI to sirolimus. We propose MRI to be promptly considered for patients with abnormal neurological findings, together with the substitution of CNI with an mTOR inhibitor as a management regimen for CNI‐related CPM.


This study was issued by Swedbank because they wanted too improve their GDP growth forecast capabilites.  A program was developed and tested on six countries; USA, Sweden, Germany, UK, Brazil and N ...


The finite Element Method has been successfully applied since the 80's in many domains of the applied science and engineering. Simultaneously, an important development on its mathematical foundations was performed allowing increase its performance and the geometry of its application domain. In this period it has been successfully applied in numerous fields: solid and fluid mechanics, chemical engineering, computational biology, biomechanics, thermal sciences, applied mathematics, economy... Numerous commercial codes have emerged and today they are widely used in industry and academia. However, some challenges persist, which have motivated the development of other techniques that more than concurrent must be seen as a complementary way to circumvent some simulation difficulties.


Abstract In the era of rapid development of digital technologies, designers are faced with the challenge of incorporating the tools of the virtual world into the physical world. The widespread use of new media in design makes it possible to create environments that influence human experience. One of the design methods that have influenced human feelings for several decades is Experience Design - an extremely versatile, immersive method, creating exhibition environments, commercial spaces, urban interiors, and virtual worlds of games, applications and websites. This paper aims to present a design process and effect of an experimental, innovative academic program of semester course "Immersive environments and interactivity in designing architectural interiors and their surroundings"1 Moreover, the author's didactic intention is to present the application of modern digital technologies in urban space design. Gathering the knowledge about the experience design method and its tool - the experience path fulfils high expectations set on students in their future careers.


One of the renewable sources of electrical energy that can be used as an alternative to fossil fuels is solar energy. Basically, solar energy can be converted into electrical energy by solar cells. In the operation itself, a reliable system is needed to monitor the performance of energy production in the PLTS system used so that it can be monitored and electricity supply and disturbances are maintained in real time. In this study, we proposed a monitoring system for IoT-based solar power plants using the publisher and subscriber communication method with ESP32 as a microcontroller and google cloud platform as a cloud server which can be used in real-time PV mini-grid monitoring systems. This proposed system aims to monitor the performance of PV mini-grid which displayed in the database which placed in a virtual computer that acts as an MQTT broker. The results of this study showed that the proposed system performs well and can be accessed from the existing database. Furthermore, this system has good accuracy since the measurement error value is very small and data transmission system is able to work in real time because the broker is able to receive data with a minimum response time.


Considers an adaptive control algorithm for robot manipulators. The presented algorithm uses an adaptive sliding mode control law to ensure robustness. The proposed algorithms eliminate the requirement for inversion of the inertia matrix, the requirement for measurement of joint acceleration, and the requirement for calculation of a regressor. Computer simulation results show good properties of the proposed algorithm under large manipulator parameter uncertainties and disturbances.<<ETX>>


While the theory of Lie groups is highly developed in characteristic 0, comparatively little is known about analytic groups over local fields of positive characteristic p. More generally, one can consider groups which are analytic over pro‐p domains R, without restricting the Krull dimension to 1. Natural examples are rings of the form R = 𝔽p[t1,…,tm].


The benefits of having a continuous, piped supply of safe drinking water delivered to household premises are widely recognised. Piped supplies on premises not only reduce the time and effort required to collect water, and thereby increase the amount of water available for personal and domestic needs but also are more likely to provide water that meets required standards for drinking water quality. A recent systematic review of drinking water quality [1] confirmed that piped water supplies are less likely to be contaminated than other types of "improved" sources, such as hand pumps, protected wells, and springs.

However, continuity of piped supplies—that is, the uninterrupted supply of water—and the associated health impacts, are under-studied. Two papers in this issue of PLOS Medicine each shed light on a particular aspect of continuity and are a very welcome addition to the literature.

Jeandron and colleagues [2] show that in the city of Uvira, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, there was a significant relationship between interruptions in the piped water supply and cases of suspected cholera. This association was seen even though many in the city used piped services indirectly (that is, they did not have household connections and used water from standposts and shared connections). The interruptions in the piped water supply thus represented a lost opportunity to protect a cholera-vulnerable population.

In Hubli-Dharwad, in the state of Karnataka in India, Ercumen and colleagues [3] show that while upgrading the piped supply to provide continuous service for 10% of the population was associated with a notable reduction in typhoid among the poor in the beneficiary group, they did not find the expected decrease in diarrhoeal diseases. The paper suggests a number of possible reasons, including unhygienic storage of water due to the use of yard taps rather than taps in the house; the perceived threat of supply interruptions; heavy contamination of the immediate household environment due to widespread open defecation among children; and the continuing presence of open sewers. It is notable that the research in India found a strong relationship between the continuity of the supply and quality of the water delivered. Among water samples taken from households receiving a continuous supply, less than 1% did not comply with WHO guidelines for drinking water quality, compared with over one-third of samples in households that did not benefit from improvements and still had intermittent supply.

The importance of continuous piped supply to households in order to protect health is clear. This link is not surprising given the engineering reality—that maintaining continuous positive pressure in a piped network and avoiding negative pressure at all costs prevents infiltration of contaminated soil water [4]. Continuous supply also removes the need to store water and makes water readily available for hygiene, such as handwashing.

From a public health policy point of view, ideally, households should have continuous water supply, treated with chlorine, piped directly into the house, with accompanying improvements in the sanitary environment. For this reason, a new benchmark has been proposed to be included in the indicators used for monitoring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in September 2015.

The new term "safely managed drinking water services" is proposed as the highest level of service countries should aspire to reach, and refers to a source of drinking water that is on premises, available when needed (that is, in the case of piped supplies, continuous), and free of faecal and priority chemical contamination. This represents a significant step up from the highest level of service used in monitoring during the period of the Millennium Development Goals: "improved drinking-water source," which did not include measures of distance to the home, quality or continuity of water supplied, and included off-premises sources such as hand pumps, dug wells, and springs.

Reaching this new benchmark at a global scale is undoubtedly ambitious. However, monitoring data [5] show it is not impossible. During the last 25 years, coverage of piped water on premises increased from 44% to 58% globally, so now well over half the world's population benefits from this level of service. In those countries designated as developing countries by the UN, the use of piped water on premises has grown even faster, from 31% in 1990 to an estimated 49% in 2015, representing an additional 1.7 billion people with piped water connections. Progress in some regions has been even faster, and in Eastern Asia the number of people with piped water on premises skyrocketed from 30% to 74%, mostly as a result of rapid increases in China.

Continuous, treated, piped supply to every household should be our ambition, even though achieving it may be many years in the future, and in many settings, interim arrangements with lower levels of service are going to be the reality. However, many countries have decided providing piped supply is worth the investment, and innovations are being rolled out in many places to find robust, inexpensive ways to provide this service in an affordable way. The studies in this issue of PLOS Medicine highlight the importance of continuous piped water supply, but also the pitfalls. Interruptions in the supply can negate the possible health benefits, and installing piped water without addressing other environmental concerns may not deliver the hoped-for health benefits. It must not be forgotten that piped water supplies require more than just infrastructure; good governance and competent management are needed to ensure continuous service.


Objective To investigate the effects of serum containing Duanteng Yimu Decoction(DYD) on the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and TLR4(Toll-like receptor 4) expression in rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients.Methods Synovial specimens obtained from the joint of RA patients.In the first experiment,the third to fifth generations of subcultured RA-FLS were co-cultured with leflunomide or serum containing high-,moderate and low-dosage DYD.RA-FLS of control group was cultured with the serum of normal rabbit.After 24,48 and 72 hours,the morphological features of RA-FLS were observed under inverted microscope,Proliferation was measured by MTT method.In the second experiment,RA-FLS of control group was cultured without lipopolysaccharide(LPS) added,the expeviment group was added with LPS 20 μg·mL-1,and the experiment group was added with leflunomide or DYD-containing serum with the highest cell inhibiting rate after treatment with LPS.Realtime-PCR was used for the observation of TLR4 mRNA in RA-FLS.Results Compared to the control group,leflunomide and serum containing high-dosage DYD obviously inhibited the proliferation of RA-FLS(Ρ 0.05) after culturing for 48 and 72 hours,and had obvious inhibitory effect on TLR4 mRNA after stimulation with LPS(Ρ 0.05).The effect of serum containing DYD and leflunomide.Conclusion Serum containing high-and moderate-dosage DYD can inhibit RA-FLS proliferation,and serum containing high-dosage DYD can down-regulate the expression of TLR4 mRNA,which may be one of the therapeutic mechanisms of DYD for RA.


The neo-Gothic church of the Holy Spirit in Stargard was built 135 years ago, and over the building of its existence has not passed any renovations. Thorough examination of the object occured at the turn of 2008 and 2009, in preparation for preservationist overhaul of the tower and a roof over their corps.


In the crystal structure of the title compound, C22H28N2O6S2, the asymmetric unit contains one half molecule with a center of symmetry at the mid-point of the central C—C bond. The conformations of all the N—H, C= O and C—H bonds in the central amide and aliphatic segments are anti to their adjacent bonds. The molecule is bent at the S atom with an C—SO2—NH—C(O) torsion angle of −76.4 (3)°. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the SO2—NH—C(O) segment in the two halves of the molecule is 67.2 (1)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯O(C) intermolecular hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains along the b axis.


This paper presents a absolute method for calibrating shock accelerometers based on Hopkinson bar techniques.Using laser interferometers measured on incentive signal to achieve high g accelerometer calibration.Giving two calculating formula of the accelerometer sensitivity.Through the calibration results of the analysis and comparison of the two of the advantages and disadvantages of sensitivity calibration formula.The experimental results showed that the calibration method can satisfy the precision calibration demands.


Injections of H 3 -methionine and H 3 -leucine were combined with radiochemical and radioautographic technics to study the availability time of H 3 -methionine and the protein synthetic ability of rat lymphocytes in vivo. Although 98.5 per cent of H 3 -methionine was removed from the serum 5 minutes after injection, sufficient quantities persisted and/or re-entered the serum from tissues to cause increasing grain counts in radioautographs of large lymphocytes for 1 hour after isotope administration. A small amount of additional labeling occurred during the 2nd hour, but it is calculated that labeling is 97-98 per cent complete by 1 hour. All of the large and medium lymphocytes were labeled in the thymus, lymph node, and thoracic duct lymph at short intervals after injection of 4 µc./Gm. body weight of H 3 -methionine. Evidence is presented that protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm and that newly formed protein is equally distributed between daughter cells following mitosis. Previous immunochemical studies are combined with information on generation time and disappearance rates of radioactivity to suggest that large and medium lymphocytes are constantly producing and releasing proteins. Large and medium cells in lymph and lymph node are more active in this than are similar cells in the thymus. Evidence of reutilization of labeled metabolites in the lymph node and especially in the thymus is discussed. Although not all small lymphocytes were labeled by 4 µc./Gm. body weight of H 3 -methionine, it was shown that larger doses of isotope would label 100 per cent of them. Small lymphocytes in thoracic duct lymph evidenced significant turnover of labeled protein during the 1st day after isotope administration.


We present an implementation of the Cross Decomposition method to solve the capacitated facility location problem. The method unifies Benders Decomposition and Lagrangean relaxation into a single framework that involves successive solutions to a transportation problem and a simple plant location problem. Computational tests on problems with as many as 100 candidate facility locations and 200 customers provide evidence that the approach is superior to several other methods. The specialized Cross Decomposition program is, on a common set of test problems, about ten times faster than several recently developed programs. We also present a simple algorithm to strengthen Benders cuts.


There is a well-known fact, that in many small-towns in the sabana de Bogota, young crops workers are getting total permanent incapacity in their hands, due to the job they are almost obliged to perform around their towns: Cutting flowers stems with unsuitable gardener's scissors, causing a critical raise in the Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) incidence in this working population. On the other hand, this fact concerns not only to the social services companies, but also to the labour ministry, especially for the many compensations to pay monthly to an increasing number of affected workers, that sues the public office, causing an important detriment in the treasury, which finally affects all Colombians, nevertheless, there is yet a big amount of sub-registered cases. However, with this new design the incidence or CTS will be substantially reduced and therefore, the winning of these companies will be dramatically rocketed on the other hand. The design of a tool, like gardener's scissors, lies in specifying and explaining in detail, its components and pieces, as well as the correlation among them. There are three main stages when considering a gardener's scissors design: function, production, commercialization, the user/consumer, making sure the scissors turn out to be efficient in each one of this features.


Discussions that occur during book reading between parents and preschool children relate to children's language development, especially discussions during picture books that include extended discourse, a form of abstract language. While a recent report shows increased chapter book reading among families with preschool children, it is unknown whether chapter books also facilitate these types of conversations. Further, the substantial variation in preschoolers' language ability raises the question of whether chapter book reading may be beneficial for all children of this age. The current study examined the discussions between five-year-old children (N = 33) and their parents while reading both a picture book and the first chapter of a chapter book. Findings are discussed in terms of the variation observed in the amount and types of discussion, how chapter book discussions compare to picture book discussions, and finally, how children's narrative skill can serve as an indicator of children's ability to participate in discussions, especially during chapter book reading.


Magnetorheological(MR) fluids are the suspensions consisted of micron size magnetically polarizable particles and carrier liquid as well as some additives.They have broad potential applications such as dampers,brakes,clutches,engine mounts and so on due to their particular magnetorheological effect.This paper experimentally investigates the magnetorheological effect of Magnetorheological(MR) fluid.It shows the dependence of magnetorheological effect of MR fluid on the applied magnetic field,the particle susceptibility,the particle volume fraction,the particle size,the additive,and the confecting technology.It describes the response to these factors.The results provide the basis with developing MR fluids and engineering applications.


Several binary swarm algorithms use the identical continuous proposal, adding a transfer function to mapping from continuous to binary space. It has been shown that binary operators are more appropriate and efficient for binary optimisation. Based on it, we proposed the Boolean Binary Grey Wolf Optimizer, a new version of Grey Wolf Optimizer to solve binary optimisation. Our proposal uniquely operates in the binary space using binary vector and boolean operators, precisely AND, OR, XOR, and NOT gates. We used OneMax, ZeroMax and 0-1 Knapsack to compare our proposal with bGWO1, bGWO2 and BPSO. In general, BBGWO outperformed the other swarm-based algorithms in different scenarios. Furthermore, analysing the swarm hamming distance and the unique candidate solutions through optimisation, we found that the proposal can overcome premature convergence, and most of the time, wolves are in different positions.


Active walk is a paradigm for self-organization and pattern formation in simple and complex systems, originated by Lam in 1992. In an active walk, the walker (an agent) changes the deformable landscape as it walks and is influenced by the changed landscape in choosing its next step. Active walk models have been applied successfully to various biological, chemical and physical systems from the natural sciences, and to economics and many other systems from the social sciences. More recently, it has been used to model human history. In this review, the history, basic concepts, formulation, theories, applications, new developments and open problems of active walk are summarized and discussed. New experimental, theoretical and computer modeling results are included.


In modern times, deep transition in the global economic structure has remodeled the organizationof international trade. A substantial part of which, is intra-firm trade understood as thetransnational flow of goods and services between parent enterprises and their associates or amongthese associates, in contrast with the arm's length trade between unrelated parties (inter-firmtrade). Change in production capacities happens to be one of the major factors behind thisrestructured international trade. As a result, local industries and national economies of variouscountries have become an integral part of global value chains (GVCs). These countries includeemerging economies, which are being increasingly impacted by GVCs every year. This paperanalyses the role of developing economies in the global value chains. The study finds that themarket growth in these economies has been the main reason for shift in end markets in GVCs, ashave been the upsurge of regional trade organizations and the paradigm shift in the industrialpolicies of these economies which have been more GVC oriented than the past. The study alsosuggests there is a word of caution against excessively GVC focused approach as it may not workfavorably to the indigenous enterprises of emerging markets.


Superconducting RF cavity developments are currently on-going for new accelerator projects at CERN such as HIE ISOLDE and HL-LHC. Mechanical RF tuning systems are required to compensate cavity frequency shifts of the cavities due to temperature, mechanical, pressure and RF effects on the cavity geometry. A rich history and experience is available for such mechanical tuners developed for existing RF cavities. Design constraints in the context of HIE ISOLDE and HL-LHC such as required resolution, space limitation, reliability and maintainability have led to new concepts in the tuning mechanisms. This paper will discuss such new approaches, their performances and planned developments.


Received for publication February 6, 2001, and accepted for publication February 21, 2001. Abbreviation: TCDD, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, EPOCA, Research Center for Occupational, Clinical and Environmental Epidemiology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 2 Unit of Epidemiology, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy. 3 Regional Epidemiological Office, Health Directorate, Regione Lombardia, Milan, Italy. Reprint requests to Dr. Pier Alberto Bertazzi, EPOCA, Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Milan, 8 Via San Barnaba, 20122 Milano, Italy (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com). We thank Smith and Lopipero for their invited commentary (1), which we found appropriate and useful for interpreting the latest Seveso, Italy, findings (2). Human exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is widespread (3). Epidemiologic studies are essential to assessing the risk linked to the environmental contamination, and consistency in the findings enhances confidence in their results. It is not surprising that, on average, exposure to TCDD in Seveso was lower than in occupational cohorts. In the former case, the chemical release was limited in time, and its content eventually was diluted over an extended outdoor area (4). Still, the average TCDD blood concentration in the Seveso population was two orders of magnitude higher than the reported background environmental level (1). Thus, the finding of increased cancer mortality cannot be considered totally unexpected. An increase in all-cancer and lung cancer mortality, consistent with what was observed in occupational cohorts, was found in men in zones A and B after 15 years. Smith and Lopipero (1) suggest that smoking might be the actual explanation. This is a possibility, and we intend to further explore smoking habits in our index and referent populations. However, if the increased risk was due to smoking, one would expect high rate ratios for the whole study period, not only 15–20 years since dioxin exposure. With regard to concomitant potentially smoking-related findings, several other studies linked increased cardiovascular mortality to dioxin exposure, sometimes with a dose-related pattern (5–7) and use of internal reference groups (6, 7), thus leaving little room for confounding arguments. In addition, other smoking-related cancers (e.g., larynx, esophagus, pancreas, and bladder) were not elevated in Seveso males after 15 years (2). To be a confounder, smoking should be distributed unevenly among zones. Independent surveys assessed smoking habits in 1986–1987 in random samples of the population of Desio (352 subjects), one of the cities affected by the Seveso accident, and in the population in a nearby district outside the study area (466 subjects), quite similar to our reference population. Distribution of the subjects by smoking category in the two samples was as follows: never smokers, 76 (22 percent) in Desio versus 104 (22 percent) in the outside area; former smokers, 107 (30 percent) versus 154 (33 percent); current smokers of 20 cigarettes/day, 40 (11 percent) versus 36 (8 percent) (8).This, although limited, set of data suggests that geographic variation in smoking habits might be negligible across subareas in the region including the accidentally contaminated territory. Although we admit that with so many data "there is a little bit of something for everybody" (1, p. 1046), results for lymphatic and hemopoietic neoplasms clearly do stand out. The pattern suggests a systematic difference in mortality from these causes between the TCDD-exposed and the local reference population. Cancer incidence data for the first postaccident period support these findings (9). The nonHodgkin's lymphoma increase became significant after 15 years (five observed; rate ratio 2.8, 95 percent confidence interval: 1,1, 7.0). An increased occurrence of nonHodgkin's lymphoma also has been observed in occupational cohorts (6, 10, 11). On the basis of our interpretation, the 20-year mortality results do show that the Seveso population experienced, consistent with other exposed populations, a modest excess of all-cancer and respiratory cancer mortality long after initial exposure and a moderately increased occurrence of lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer. This pattern is different from what might have been expected on the basis of animal experiments. A limited number of persons probably had extremely high levels of exposure, and susceptibility factors might also have played a role.


Double-lumen dialysis catheters are widely used for temporary access in patients who require acute hemodialysis (HD), continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), plasmapheresis, and during the maturation period of recently created or revised permanent arteriovenous fistulas. As these procedures require access to blood vessels capable of providing high extracorporeal blood flow, the femoral (1), subclavian (2) and internal jugular (3) veins are the sites most commonly chosen. Although they provide rapid angioaccess, these catheters can cause some serious complications, such as trauma to vital structures, infection, thrombosis, and central venous stenosis. The severity and rate of insertion-associated traumatic complications are lowest with femoral catheters. The wider use of such catheters, however, is precluded by interference with ambulation, concern over bleeding, infection, and deep venous thrombosis (4). The subclavian vein (SCV) route has therefore emerged as the most commonly used site. However, reports of complications, associated with SCV catheters both short and long-term, raised concern (5, 6). Short-term complications include trauma to central structures (7, 8, 9), infection (10), and venous thrombosis (11). Traumatic complications include arterial puncture (7, 8), venous laceration (7, 8), hematoma formation (7, 8), pneumothorax (7, 8), superior vena cava syndrome (12), cardiac perforation (9), pericardial tamponade (13), and even death (14). Preexisting congenital vascular anomalies increase the risk of complications associated with central venous cannulation. A persistent left superior vena cava may result in difficulty of catheter placement, vascular wall trauma, internal bleeding, large hematomas and other complications (15). In addition, compression of the brachiocephalic vein by the innominate artery (16) may result in massive arm edema. Another well recognized long-term complication of dwelling catethers is SCV sterosis (3, 6). This usually becomes apparent months after the establishment of an ipsilateral AV fistula. The associated increase in venous pressure can be manifested as edema of the access extremity (17), or more rarely of the ipsilateral breast (18), pleural effusion (19), prolonged bleeding from puncture sites, aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm formation, and increased recirculation leading to decreased dialysis efficiency (3, 6). Cimochowski et al (3) suggested that compared to the internal jugular vein (IJV) route the long-term stricture rate of SCV catheters was unacceptably high. The IJV route was therefore suggested as a safer alternative to SCV cannulation (3, 4). However, complications, both short and long-term, associated with the use of the IJV catheters include Horner's sydrome, ascribed to damage of the sympathetic chain (20), vocal cord paralysis (21), laceration of the vertebral artery with hemorrhage into the pleural space (22), venous perforation (23), hematoma formation (24), carotid artery puncture (25), arteriovenous fistula (26, 27, 28) thoracic duct injury (29), pneumothorax (30), cardiac tamponade (31), and cardiac arrest (32). Furthermore, IJV catheters have recently been reported to be associated with superior vena cava stenosis (33). It should be emphasized that central venous cannulation will continue to be a widely-used approach to gain rapid access to the circulation, with a very low overall incidence of complications. Serious sequelae, including death, may however occur. Measures to safeguard against the occurence of such complications should therefore be instituted. The use of central venous catheters for HD should be avoided whenever possible. Elective placement of the permanent access should be planned early enough to allow its maturation before the need for "acute" dialysis arises. Catheter insertion should be attempted only by operators who have received adequate training; and physicians and nursing staff need to exercise vigilance. Any neck swelling, new carotid bruit, chest pain, dyspnea, cardiac arrhythmia, and/or unexplained or refractory hypotension should be regarded as a potential traumatic complication of the catheter until proven otherwise. The safety of the procedure may be enhanced by the introduction of newer techniques of venous cannulation. Denys et al (34) has reported that ultrasound-guided cannulation of the IJV significantly improves the success rate, decreases access time, and reduces the complication rate when compared to the use of the external landmark-guided technique. Finally, limiting the duration of use of the acute doublelumen catheter should prevent infectious complications. Femoral catheters in bedbound patients can usually be left in place safely for several days, if meticulously maintained. In ambulatory patients, however, the femoral catheter should be removed after each use. Subclavian and internal jugular catheters may last for 2 to 3 weeks, provided


Many geographical constraints and aesthetic concerns necessitate the partial use of cable sections in the High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission line, resulting in a mixed transmission line. The overhead sections of mixed lines are exposed to lightning strikes. The lightning strikes can not only result in flashover of overhead line (OHL) insulators but can enter the cable and permanently damage its insulation if adequate insulation coordination measures are not taken. In this work, we have analyzed the factors that affect the level of overvoltage inside the cable by simulating a fast front model in PSCAD. It has been determined that surge arresters must be provided at cable terminals when the length of cable sections is less than 16 km to limit the core-ground overvoltage within the lightning impulse protective level (LIPL). The level of sheath-ground overvoltage is independent of the length of cable; however, it can be limited within LIPL by lowering the sheath grounding impedance to 1.2 Ω. Insulation coordination measures do not impact the likelihood of OHL insulators' flashover. The flashover performance of OHL can be improved by lowering the footing impedance of the second tower closest to the cable terminals, which is otherwise most likely to flashover.


The aim of this paper is to identify a few reasons for the intensifying of "anti-Gypsyism" and scapegoating of the Roma in Romania during the COVID pandemic. Reasons are both economic and social. The need for free movement (essential for economic subsistence of many isolated Roma communities) as well as poor access to basic services are but two reasons, which lead to circulation of prejudices, which depict Roma as "lacking discipline and a sense of self control." Focusing on the case of Țăndărei, this study intends to show that media representations are equally responsible for discourses of scapegoating and culture blame. Reports and articles which name Țăndărei as an "ecological bomb" fail to depict internal differences in the local Roma groups. Such representations (together with the process of scapegoating) may well illustrate Brubaker's theory on groupism: in that media discourse on "the Roma" indiscriminately merges people with different social backgrounds into a homogeneous ethno-racial group.


Gelcasting is the key process in the manufacturing method of integral ceramic mold of hollow turbine blade based on stereo lithography technic,in which the multiphase flow characteristic of ceramic slurry has always been a research difficulty. This paper chose the intricate structure of turbine blade as the filling simulation object. Filling relation of the slurry with multiple factors( casting position,casting speed and viscosity of ceramic slurry) has been simulated using the software Fluent. Results show that the casting position,casting speed and viscosity of ceramic slurry have an obvious influence on the filling of the intricate structure. With an acceptable flowability as precondition,the casting position should be chosen at the ceramic shell which is far from the intricate structure,a relatively low casting speed should be applied,to insure the slurry filling quality in the intricate structure of the turbine blade ceramic mold.A filling experiment has been done with the intricate structure,casting from the ceramic shell position with a low speed. Filling result corresponds to the simulation output,the slurry viscosity has a significant effect on the filling quality.


In this paper, we present a novel hybrid deformation model, which can simulate large deformations and non-linear behaviors of soft tissues in real time. The model partitions a soft tissue into operational and non-operational regions, and simulates the large deformations by coupling the geometry constrained mesh less method FLSM (fast lattice shape matching) with finite element algorithm TLED (total Lagrangian explicit dynamics). With the virtual node cutting method, the soft tissues can be cut realistically and robustly. The virtual cutting simulation features real time performance with the GPU-based acceleration. In combination with our multi-camera based real-time modeling framework, the deformable model and its interaction of virtual cutting can be extended to support remote virtual surgery.


During a study abroad experience on the island of Vieques, Puerto Rico, participants found themselves in an "impromptu learning experience" that extended their learning beyond Puerto Rican culture to real-world debates of tourist development, environmental issues, and the struggles of the native population. In this paper, we introduce impromptu learning: an unplanned experiential learning experience, triggered by a significant and personalized incident, that engages, invigorates, and mobilizes students to seek further learning and knowledge. We used qualitative data in the form of interviews and students' journals to describe and elucidate the characteristics of impromptu learning. Implications of these experiences and their potential for making study abroad as well as learning in other contexts more student-led and more effective for critical consciousness are discussed. In addition, recommendations for supporting and promoting impromptu learning experiences are provided.


Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of plain lignocain in attenuation of stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with impact on in-hospital mortality or morbidity. Study Design: A randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Our study was carried out from December 2013-14, at tertiary-care hospital. Material and Methods: Patients (n=100 total) were randomized, using non-probability convenient sampling, dividing the population in two groups. Group A (n=50) as control, and in group B (n=50) Injection lignocain plain 2% @ 1.5 mg/kg was used 3 minutes prior to intubation. Both the groups were observed for changes in hemodynamic parameters i.e. heart rate (HR) systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Mean Arterial Pressure for every minute after baseline (0) and for 5 consecutive minutes (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). Deviation of >20% from baseline was considered significant. The mortality (death within hospital, irrespective of cause) and morbidity (defined as emergence of 4 condition as hypertensive encephalopathy, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Lab proven Myocardial Infarction and negative pulmonary edema) within 10 days of hospitalization were noted. Results: Statistically significant (p-value extremely significant at confidence interval of 98 degrees) results were obtained in the effect of study drug; however, 10 days of hospitalization remained inconclusive for emerging morbidity categories strictly due to the intubation reflexes. We consider few technicalities in peri-operative management resulted in such events. Conclusion: Lignocain is effective in blunting the pressor response towards laryngoscopy and intubation. However the impact on mortality/ morbidity for four conditions remained inconclusive.


Abstract Archaeological data from Upper Mesopotamia provide ample information on the extent of agricultural production territories around tell-based nucleated settlements as well as site sizes —as a proxy for ancient populations. In following, this study investigates the potential relationship between settlement sizes and food production levels during the Early Bronze Age. To start with, CORONA imagery is used to document landscape evidences of past production and settlement sizes. Second, a biological crop-growth model is built over AVHRR-NDVI data, coupled with precipitation values from the region. This model makes it possible to estimate annual production amount at sample locations. Finally, modern day production analogies are constructed in order to explore modelling data and to understand rain-fed agricultural strategies in the Early Bronze Age. CORONA-AVHRR remote sensing survey results reveal no significant relationship between archaeological sites and their production territories (r=0.40). Likewise, the relationship between site areas and estimated staples production is also a weak one (r=0.30). On the other hand, if one considers biennial fallowing as a production strategy, the relationship becomes significant (r=0.85). Furthermore, model data suggests only settlements smaller than 50 hectares were potentially practicing biennial fallowing —suggesting population pressure on production at larger settlements. Statements of significance The study challenges the normative assumption that there is a direct relationship between populations and local agricultural production. The analysis is possible only when the production landscapes are considered as dynamic environments, responding to changes in the environment, but also influenced by the choice of production strategies. Data availability Production statistics (tons/ha) are available for the years between 1982 and 2006 in shp format as a supplement to this paper. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


This essay explores the latest contributions in the field of neurosciences to the basic understandings of criminal law. A special focus is paid to punishment theories and the future of culpability concepts.


The invention discloses a method for compressing layout data by using OASIS (organization for the advanced of structured information standards) graphic arrays. The method comprises the following steps of combining all similar graphs in different layers of the layout data which are in an OASIS format into a set; using the same point of all graphic units of each similar graph set as a reference point; recording coordinates of all the reference points; judging whether all graphic units or a part of graphic units of each similar graph set can be described by the OASIS graphic arrays; and optimally using a first class of graphic arrays and a sixth class of graphic arrays which have the optimal compression effect. By the method, layout data files which are in the OASIS format can be compressed in a lossless manner. The method has quite high pertinence, quite high reliability and quite high compression ratio.


Once the exclusive domain of teacher education, physical education in Australian tertiary institutions has during the last twenty years evolved into a series of discipline‐based fields concerned with human movement studies, leisure studies and sport science that have begun to feed new vocational opportunities in the sport, exercise and leisure industries. Concomitant with these changes in the social organization of knowledge in tertiary physical education has been a realignment of school physical education programmes, particularly in the senior school curriculum. Inevitably, the once sole focus of physical education in tertiary institutions on teacher education is now being forced to reinvent itself in light of these dynamic changes in the social organization of school and university knowledge. Following the work of Bernstein, Goodson and others, this article analyses current policy and practice in physical education teacher education and identifies several future scenarios. The first part of the article provides an historical overview of the emergence of new forms of tertiary knowledge in physical education from the mid‐1970s until the present. The second part provides a similar overview of developments in school physical education with a focus on senior school and matriculation physical education during the same period. The third part analyses the current state of affairs in the social organization of knowledge for physical education teacher education. In the fourth part, a series of questions is raised concerning relationships between knowledge in physical education teacher education, school physical education and university forms of the field through the presentation of several future scenarios. The article concludes with several proposals for policy development concerned with physical education teacher education programmes.


Poly(p-xylylene) (PPX) was prepared by vapor phase pyrolysis of [2.2]paracyclophane following the procedure of Gorham. PPX was obtained in different crystalline modifications by dry annealing, dissolution and reprecipitation under different conditions. These samples were analyzed by WAXS and 13 C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy. Clear evidence was found that the presence of different crystalline modifications is responsible for the unexpected 13 C CP-MAS NMR spectrum as observed for as-polymerized PPX. An attempt was made to explain the differences observed in the 13 C CP-MAS NMR spectra of different crystalline modifications by different chemical environments utilizing simulations of the crystal unit cells.


The researches and applications of polycrystalline diamond compacts(PDC) at home and abroad were presented.The synthetic method and mechanism of PDC were described.Some analyses and discussions were made of the properties of heat resistance,strength,uniform diffusion of Co,graphitization process of diamond surface and abnormal diamond grain growth.Finally,the development trend of PDC was prospected.


The integration of social networking and new technologies has changed the way of communication and information sharing among the people, especially of young people is a fact. As well as, the development of Social Media (SM) has conveyed important changes in the behavioural pattern of tourists. Therefore, it is very essential to understand this new influential trending among the youth tourists, in order to accelerate the tourists' arrival and contribute to the development of Sri Lanka tourism. Therefore, this research aims at providing an insight to the Tourism Industry in Sri Lanka with regards to how social media platforms influence youth tourists' behavior. A sample of 103 youth tourists' response attained through online. The data obtained from the online survey were analyzed with descriptive, reliability test, mean and regression analysis.
Results from the survey have identified that Social Media does influence in the youth tourists' behaviour.  In detail, eWOM and Online reviews/comments significantly influence in the behavior of youth tourists.  And also the study confirmed that in order to attract tourists to a destination mainly revolves in the ability to convey the information to create positive images in the mind of youth tourists via social media. Thereby this study has recommended many suggestions for the Tourism and authorities. Including tourist authority should make its social media pages more interesting, appealing, informative and interactive so the customers can enjoy their social media experiences and they could spread eWOM and online reviews. And also they need to focus on how to create a positive and satisfactory image to their social media users in many other ways.


: Poly(pphenylene2,6benzobisxazole) is a kind of polymer material with high strength , high modulus and excellent chemical resistance. The synthetic methods of the monomer 4,6diamino1,3benzenediol dihydrochloride and the polymer PBO have been reviewed and compared. 


For multiple energy storage energy storage device comprising module corresponding to the plurality of energy storage devices respectively, efficient, for inexpensive and at the same time flexibly usable or configurable test equipment, AC / DC converter (2), be connected have been proposed to at least one of an isolated bidirectional module DC / DC converter at the output side In this case, the insulation type bidirectional module DC / DC converter


Paratrioza sinica occurs 2 generation in one year in Xining area,it over winter at adult in soil and the branch fork of weeds near by the fields.Its acting is start during March and April of next year and lays egg on new developing leafs during third decade of April.The life of nymph is fixation,the nymph mainly feeds the juice of new sprout so that it cause new leaf malformation and falling at early time.During the harming time of overwinter adult the first and second instar of nymph,it could be controlled effectively by pesticide.


In this paper, we propose a novel CBR-based approach for ship collision avoidance. After the introduction of the CBR-based decision-making support, we present two abstraction principles, selecting view points and describing granularity, to create collision avoidance cases from real-time navigation data. Several issues related case creation and CBR-based decisionmaking support are discussed in details, including case presentation, case retrieval and case learning. Some experimental results show the usefulness and applicability of CBR-based approach for ship collision avoidance.


The current paper has presented the study on theoretical dependences of the optimization parameter (the degree of transmission transparency) on the design factors of elastic-damping mechanism (EDM) in the transmission for tractors of small traction class (14 kN). The purpose of the study was to obtain a unified functional relationship that integrates early study results. The determination of a unified function was based on reaching a compromise by the method of indefinite Lagrange multipliers. With the help of the function, there have been obtained the dependences of the effect of EDM design factors on transmission processes when performing the main agricultural operations. Using a method based on finding a compromise solution (method of indefinite Lagrange multipliers), there have been substantiated design parameters of the elastic-damping mechanism in the tractor transmission and there has been identified an optimization parameter of the Lagrange function. For a better understanding of the obtained dependence, there has been carried out a three-dimensional visual analysis. Each factor used in the Lagrange function was a physical parameter of an elastic-damping mechanism. The resulting equation has given an opportunity to control mechanism parameters in natural operating conditions. The obtained Lagrange value has demonstrated that the mechanism absorbs 32% of fluctuations in the external traction load of a tractor, when working with the main agricultural tools.


Image quality in high field magnetic resonance imaging can significantly suffer from dielectric resonances. In samples with high dielectric constants the vacuum wavelength is shortened significantly and approaches at stronger fields such as 3T typical object dimensions. Even though object size and sample conductivity also play important roles, wave propagation often becomes non-uniform resulting in B1 field inhomogeneities. In this work it is shown that under certain conditions composite RF-pulses can be used to compensate for respective B1 inhomogeneities. Phantom studies with echo planar imaging at 3T exhibited an improved intensity homogeneity when using the proposed composite RF-excitation scheme.


The Creative Women Group namely KWK Seroja, which consists of housewives, has great potential to increase product marketing networks, because the business it has been in has been in business for almost 10 years with a relatively productive age. Until now KWK Seroja members have businesses in the fields of convection, food, rental and souvenirs, but still use traditional marketing models such as opening a business at home or marketing it door-to-door. The rapid use of social media such as Facebook can help marketing more efficiently and effectively, due to the extensive network. KWK Seroja needs to be helped through information about the importance of marketing transformation from traditional to social media bases, namely optimized Facebook fans page. KWK Seroja also needs assistance to participate in the UMKM exhibition to strengthen its position in the eyes of the community. The results obtained were good enthusiasm from the members who were able to create a fan page in accordance with their respective products and a willingness to follow the UMKM exhibition once a year.


Agriculture is an important sector that plays an essential role in the economic development of a country. Each year farmers face numerous challenges in producing good quality crops. One of the major reasons behind the failure of the harvest is the use of unscientific agricultural practices. Moreover, every year enormous crop loss is encountered either by pests, specific diseases, or natural disasters. It raises a strong concern to employ sustainable advanced technologies to address agriculture-related issues. In this article, a sustainable real-time crop disease detection and prevention system, called CROPCARE, is proposed. The system integrates mobile vision, Internet of Things (IoT), and Google Cloud services for sustainable growth of crops. The primary function of the proposed intelligent system is to detect crop diseases through the CROPCARE—mobile application. It uses the superresolution convolution network (SRCNN) and the pretrained model MobileNet-V2 to generate a decision model trained over various diseases. To maintain sustainability, the mobile app is integrated with IoT sensors and Google Cloud services. The proposed system also provides recommendations that help farmers know about current soil conditions, weather conditions, disease prevention methods, etc. It supports both Hindi and English dictionaries for the convenience of the farmers. The proposed approach is validated by using the PlantVillage data set. The obtained results confirm the performance strength of the proposed system.


Three-phase four-wire distribution systems have been widely used in commercial and industrial installations. The neutral conductor carries the zero sequence current due to the unbalanced loading among the phase conductors. However, as electronic loads increases, their rectifier front-ends produce significant harmonic current. The triplen (3/sup rd/, 9/sup th/, ...) harmonic current produced by these loads tends to accumulate in the neutral conductor due to its zero sequence nature, thus resulting in overloading of the neutral conductor and the distribution transformer. Most of the existing harmonic mitigation schemes focus on re-directing zero sequence current harmonics back to the phase conductors. Such schemes can prevent overloading of the distribution transformer, but the neutral conductor is still burdened by the excessive current harmonics. This paper proposes a new harmonic suppression scheme for the neutral conductors of three-phase four-wire distribution systems. In the proposed scheme, an active filter is connected in series with the neutral conductor. The inverter acts to suppress harmonic current in the neutral conductor to prevent overloading. The active filter operation will not affect the fundamental component due to the unbalanced loading, which the neutral conductor is sized for. The proposed scheme can eliminate current harmonics overloading on both the neutral conductor and the distribution transformer with only one active filter installation.


It is possible to describe many variants of ensemble Kalman filters without loss of generality as the impact of a single observation on a single state variable. For most ensemble algorithms commonly applied to Earth system models, the computation of increments for the observation variable ensemble can be treated as a separate step from computing increments for the state variable ensemble. The state variable increments are normally computed from the observation increments by linear regression using the prior bivariate ensemble of the state and observation variable. Here, a new method that replaces the standard regression with a regression using the bivariate rank statistics is described. This rank regression is expected to be most effective when the relation between a state variable and an observation is nonlinear. The performance of standard versus rank regression is compared for both linear and nonlinear forward operators (also known as observation operators) using a low-order model. Rank regression in combination with a rank histogram filter in observation space produces better analyses than standard regression for cases with nonlinear forward operators and relatively large analysis error. Standard regression, in combination with either a rank histogram filter or an ensemble Kalman filter in observation space, produces the best results in other situations.


Convective precipitation nowcasting remains challenging due to the fast change of convective weather. Radar images are the most important data source in nowcasting research area. This study proposes a radar data-based U-Net model for precipitation nowcasting. The input of the model is five consecutive radar images; the output is 30-min prediction of radar reflectivity image. The model consists of three parts: upsampling, downsampling and skip-connection. Two models, U-Net and TrajGRU, are used for comparison in the experiments. Different from U-Net, which is a CNN-based (Convolution Neural Network) model, TrajGRU is an RNN-based (Recurrent Neural Network) model, which is good at time-series processing and has been widely used in precipitation research community. The experimental results show that the CNN-based U-Net can achieve almost the same performance as TrajGRU. This result shows the great potential of CNN-based models in handling time-series applications.


This article employs the graphic narrative Becoming Bone Sheep in order to present visually and textually the theories applied in building a critique of the Anthropocene. Concepts like gaze, becoming process, assemblage, de-flocking, racial proximity, zoe, affirmative transformations or networks will be theorized upon, resulting thus in an apparatus for the defence of all natural life. The graphic narrative exposes the flawed condition of man in relation with the nonhuman by representing a singular interaction between species – the gaze – which manages to dislocate the subjects from their individuality. Moreover, it draws on spatial confines that serve as an expression of parcelling the apparently unseen differences between the species, introducing in the discussion the re-evaluation of agency through what Braidotti calls zoe-centric ethics of becoming. Finally, it intends to delineate approaches for a further debate on countering oppressive structures in the context of Global South literature.

https://www.metacriticjournal.com/getfile/00000424/8. MJCST 8.2 - PARASCHIV.pdf


A study was conducted to assess for prognostic heterogeneity within the N2b and N2c classifications for oral cancer based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes and to determine whether laterality of neck disease provides additional prognostic information.


PURPOSE: A home network site and a remote place connecting method of a home network device using the same are provided to easily connect to a home network from a remote place to control home network devices by periodically monitoring and updating an IP address of the home network. CONSTITUTION: An interface module(21) monitors and receives a home IP address of a home network control device. A home address managing module(22) compares the received home IP address and a previously stored home IP address of corresponding home network control device, and updates the home IP address of the corresponding home network controller. A connection module(23) connects a terminal at a remote place and the home network control device by using the updated home IP address. A user authentication module(24) authenticates a user of the terminal at the remote place. A main control module(25) controls each module.


Discloses a method, system, apparatus, equipment, products, and other implementations, including a method, the method comprising: monitoring a plurality of messages from a plurality of mobile devices, said at least some of the plurality of messages each message message comprising: at least one content from a plurality of content data recorded in the data record of at least one indicator, the at least one recording at least content data transmitting device transmits on a corresponding message stored; and at least one representative of the contents data recorded in number of times data is used on the corresponding transmission apparatus. The method further comprising: said plurality of messages based on the at least some message included in each message, the content of the corresponding data representative of at least one data record number is used on the respective transmission apparatus , determining a popularity metric data record or records for a plurality of content data from the plurality of content.


In this paper, the possibility of using partial availability of L2C signals to provide an ionospheric correction for the other single frequency satellites is investigated. Consideration is only given to standalone users. The available dual-frequency measurements are used to determine a zenith ionospheric error estimate that is then used to generate slant ionospheric corrections for each of the L1 C/A pseudorange measurements. The resulting corrections are then compared to those obtained with the broadcast ionosphere model and International GNSS Service (IGS) generated zenith ionosphere values. The corresponding position solutions are also compared to the uncorrected L1 C/A code position solution, and the position solution obtained by using the broadcast model. Results are assessed for the case when one, two or three L2C satellites are in view in order to determine if the number of satellites significantly affects results.


Facilities were designed and produced which can be used in progress of education and research experiment.These setups have their unique technologies of combustion and mill furnace.The whole system includes the mill furnace with water jacket,the fuel or gas full-self-motion combustor,flue gas analyzer etc.The full-self-motion combustor heats the mill furnace,then the heat can transfer to the circular water by water jacket fixed outside combustor and the tubular heat interchanger.The temperature of flue gas at combustor exit is about 70-150 ℃;the temperature /velocity/ density distribution can be measured by some holes that pass through the water jacket.The flue gas composition are measured at the flue exit.The experiment facilities can be used for scientific comprehensive study and estimation about technology of combustion,which have achieved some good teaching effect.