Purpose. To study the soft winter wheat varietal material for frost and drought resistance increasing during further breeding practice. Methods. Wheat resistance to frost was evaluated by the methods of plant freezing in seed boxes (for sprouts), low temperature chambers (for seedlings) and drought tolerance by sprouting in sucrose solution with the intensity of the electrolyte's leakage determination and the root system growth measurement. Results. The most frost-resistant in the seed boxes were the varieties 'Trudivnytsia Myronivska', 'Rozkishna', 'Hordovyta', 'Kokhana', 'Zira', 'Tsarivna' and 'Charodiika bilotserkivska'. The high seedling frost resistance was typical of the varieties 'Kalynova', 'Voloshkova', 'Remeslivna', 'Yuviliar Myronivskyi', 'Pamiati Remesla', 'Myronivska storichna', 'Favorytka', 'Bohdana', 'Yasnohirka'. Among the varieties from other breeding institutions were 'Kokhana', 'Kraievyd', 'Romantyka' and 'Donsimb'. As a result of laboratory evaluation of soft winter wheat drought tolerance the highest percentage of seed germination in conditions of high osmotic pressure was common for varieties 'Horlytsia Myronivska', 'MIP Kniazhna', 'MIP Valensiia', 'Statna', 'Hordovyta', 'Shchedra Nyva', 'Zira'. According to the intensity of the electrolyte's leakage majority of varieties showed tolerance to the moisture deficit at phase VI of organogenesis. The most tolerant were varieties 'Hordovyta', 'Benefis', 'Hospodynia Myronivska', 'Svitanok Myronivskyi', 'Berehynia myronivska' and some others. Among the varieties of Myronivka breeding, according to the intensity of the root system growth, the varieties 'MIP Valensiia', 'Hospodynia myronivska', 'Horlytsia myronivska', 'Podolianka' were marked. Conclusions. The varieties 'Trudivnytsia Myronivska', 'Rozkishna', 'Hordovyta', 'Tsarivna', 'Charodiika Bilotserkivska', 'Zira' were identified as of higher frost resistance. The varieties 'Horlytsia Myronivska', 'MIP Kniazhna', 'MIP Valensiia', 'Podolianka', 'Statna', 'Rozkishna', 'Hordovyta', 'Shchedra Nyva', 'Zira' were found as of high drought tolerance. The varieties 'MIP Kniazhna', 'Rozkishna', 'Hordovyta' and 'Zira' were identified as of high complex adaptive ability.


Abstract Three sorediate and four primarily fertile species of the lichen genus Hypogymnia are accepted for Chile in the present study, and only two of these correspond to species listed in current checklists. Hypogymnia antarctica, H. lugubris and H. subphysodes are considered to be common; the former has previously been poorly understood. Hypogymnia pulverata and H. bitteri are reported here as new to Chile, the latter also as new to austral areas. The former is not convincingly well separated from H. subphysodes. Hypogymnia enteromorphoides and H. solidepedicellata are also accepted here, based on literature reports, whereas six species reported rather recently from southern South America are not accepted here for this area. Sorediate species are much more widely distributed than primarily fertile ones, not only in the present study area, but also on a global scale. Vittatolic, 2'-O-methylphysodic, and 3-hydroxyphysodic acids were found to be reliable differential compounds between some of the species studied. The superficially similar genera Hypogymnia and Menegazzia are of strong biogeographical interest, as they show parallel distribution patterns, although they have probably originated in different hemispheres.


Education in Sudan is free and compulsory for all children aged 6 to 13 years. Education starts with basic education for eight years, then secondary education for three years. The education level was changed to 6+3+3 format in 1990. The language of instruction used at all levels is Arabic. School locations are concentrated in a number of urban areas, a number of schools in the South and West have been damaged or even destroyed by the conflict. In the field of formal education, Sudan has many well-known universities that are tens or even hundreds of years old. Among these universities are Khartoum University, Omdurman Islamic University, El-Nilein University, Khartoum International Institute of Arabic, Al Quran Al Karim University and the youngest is the International University of Africa. The education system in Sudan starts with Primary School, then Secondary School. The level above it is Vocational/Technical Education and Training or University/College Education. In addition, there are Preservice Teacher Training and In Service Teacher Training. Non-formal education, in Sudan there are many scientific assemblies that use the talaqqi system through masyakhs who are spread almost all over Sudan.


Thailand has become an ageing society. The consequences of the situation appear to be an issue for health organizations to prepare efficient, safe and equitable health care for an aging population. Throughout the past decades, technology has been frequently utilized because it has provided new methods to support the facilitate health care services. In this paper, we studied the health situation of the elderly and proposed the Smart Healthcare system. It consists of a bio-signal measuring prototype (blood pressure, heart rate and temperature) and a web application for both doctors and the elderly. It also includes an alert button. Evaluation was performed in two parts, which were qualitative interviewing and quantitative survey. We interviewed three doctors for confirmation regarding their opinion of the system (i.e. usefulness, visualizing data, and suggestions). Doctors replied that the system is useful for the elderly who are unaware of their own health information; consequently, they may unable to control their own health. For visualizing data, doctors normally view the measured data in number format. For displaying result to the elderly, it should be explained in simple statements that are easy to understand or described using color. Moreover, provision of an alert button is a valuable idea for saving lives. For the quantitative survey, we used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the core model to measure the acceptance by the elderly. Thirty 60–80-year-old elderly people participated in the survey. The result indicated that the elderly is perceived the usefulness of the system and were willing to use it unless they found it difficult to learn or understand because of possible negative attitudes toward new technologies.


To explore the effect of endurance training on the free radical and SOD activivy,the MDA,SOD and blood lactate acid of 32 players in rest,small load training and long distance training were examined.The result shows the MDA and SOD activity in serum in small load training is higher than in rest (p0.01),it sugest that endurance training can result MDA and SOD acitvity higher and it as same as maximam exercise.


Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common complication of sepsis. Currently, there are no specific therapies for sepsis‐induced ARDS. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) administration may mitigate ARDS and sepsis [1]. We have identified miR193b‐5p (miR193b) as an MSC‐responsive microRNA in septic murine lungs. In parallel, the junctional protein occludin, a putative target of miR193b, was identified to be differentially expressed by microarray during murine sepsis‐induced ALI. miR193b expression increases while occludin message and protein decrease in HPMECs treated with TNFa. Transfection of miR193b mimic in HPMECs recapitulates TNFa‐induced loss in occludin and results in increased leakage in a transwell permeability assay. Luciferase assays using a mutant occludin 3' end construct indicates that miR193b negatively regulates occludin mRNA expression. Intratracheal delivery of LPS in wild‐type mice resulted in vascular leakage which was abrogated after inhibition of miR193b (INH). Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid from mice receiving LPS+INH showed a decrease in total cell count, protein and IgM levels, and neutrophil infiltration compared to controls. INH attenuated occludin mRNA degradation, restoring occludin protein expression, and consequently, endothelial permeability to control levels. Taken together, miR193b is a potential therapeutic target for sepsis‐induced ARDS through its regulation of occludin‐mediated vascular integrity.


We demonstrate gain-spectrum flattening in a 40-dB ultra-wideband fiber parametric amplifier at 1.0 μm by incorporating the birefringence of gain medium. A bandwidth of ~100 nm with ripple less than 8 dB is achieved.


Abstract Reductive alkylation is a practical route for a total synthesis of regioisomers of spider toxin JSTX-3, a polyamine amide which is a selective glutamate receptor antagonist and may have potential as a neuroprotective agent. The strategy is based upon a reductive alkylation step which enables one free araine to be generated regiospecifically in the new polyamine, or the regiospecific incorporation of a hexahydropyrimidine moiety which conformationally restricts the polyamine amide backbone.


Six sets of 19 GPS observations made between July 1998 and July 1999 show that the Slumgullion landslide in southwest Colorado moved throughout the year, but that daily velocities were highly variable on a seasonal basis. Seasonal variability in velocities is probably due to ground water levels that decrease when surface water is unavailable or cannot infiltrate frozen ground and increase when surface water from melting snow or rainfall infiltrates unfrozen ground. This hypothesis is supported by data showing seasonal changes in soil-water content and by a correspondence between velocity variability and airand soil-temperature data from a meteorological station on the slide. In general, slide movement increased or decreased with rising or falling temperatures. Velocities of the middle and upper parts of the slide, which peaked between May and July, correlate with temperature especially well. Velocities of lower part of the slide, which peaked between March and May, correlate less well. This discrepancy in times of peak movement is probably due to the elevation difference between the lower and upper parts of the slide. Air temperatures at the lower part of the slide are probably 2-5 °C (5-9 °F) warmer than the upper part, which causes earlier spring melting of frozen ground and snow and a subsequent increase in velocities. Annual movements and daily velocities were smallest at the head and toe of the landslide and largest in the central, narrowest part of the landslide. Movements and velocities deviated from this distribution in areas where they were affected by major structural elements within the slide. Movement occurred near the head of the slide on landslide deposits that were previously identified as inactive. Annual movements of the lower and middle parts of the slide were greater than any previously documented. Introduction and Setting The Slumgullion landslide is located about 5 km southwest of Lake City in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado (fig. 1). The landslide is about 6 km long and ranges in elevation from about 2750 to 3650 m. The active part of the landslide is about 3.5 km long and ranges in elevation from about 2950 to 3650 m.


The pyrolysis of 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane was studied over the temperature range of 1120–1260°K at total reflected shock pressures from ∼2800 to 3100 torr. Below 1260°K, the decomposition leads to three reaction products which were identified as CF2CFCl, CF2CFH, and CF3CCl3. The results are interpreted in terms of a parallel CCl bond rupture process which becomes competitive with the molecular HCI elimination. The rate constant for the α,α-elimination process

has been deduced to be

It was also possible to obtain the overall rate constant for the formation of CF2CFH, which is given by

Some evidence for hydrogen fluoride elimination was found at temperatures above 1260°K. However, at these higher temperatures CC bond scission also occurs and the kinetics of the system become untractable.


The microstructure of polysilicon and Si 0.69 Ge 0.31 thin films, grown by chemical-vapordeposition (CVD) on oxidized silicon wafers covered with a very thin polysilicon seed layer, was investigated using high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The plan-view HREM images showed that polysilicon films contained less substructure inside grains and had fewer multiple twins and more extended twin bands than Si 0.69 Ge 0.31 . On the other hand, only SiGe contained multiple twins with five-fold symmetry. The atomic model of the second-order symmetric twin boundary proposed for Si and based on the insertion of five-member and seven-membered rings was found to describe the atomic structures of second-order symmetric twin boundaries in Si 0.69 Ge 0.31 as well. Within the accuracy of HREM, the repeat unit of the boundary was the same in Si 0.69 Ge 0.31 and Si.


The title reaction, which is fast on the n.m.r. time-scale and is concentration dependent, resembles more closely the analogous process with phosphine tellurides rather than that with phosphine sulphides.


Sector allocation catch share system is where a share of total fishing quota is allocated to a group of fishermen called sector. Whether or not to join a sector is voluntary, and as such there are sector members and non-members coexisting in the same fishery, where the latter will remain in a common pool fishery. The main question of this paper is: How will the sector behave under such circumstance? A sector may fish with the non-members, thereby intensifying the competition to drive out the non-members quickly; or it might avoid the competition altogether while non-members are fishing and wait until they are done' anecdotal evidence exists for both of these cases. What is the dynamically optimal strategy for sectors? Are there multiple optimal strategies depending on the environment it operates, and if so what are the influencing factors? This paper develops a microeconomic model of fishermen' behavior under sector allocation program based on the differential game theory, and solves for dynamic equilibrium in aim to answer above questions. The model begins by assuming the group size of a sector remains constant, but later relaxes this assumption to allow members flow in and out of the sector. The latter has a unique tradeoff, which while relative profitability between the sector members and non-members will dictate the flow of membership, the profitability itself is an inversely related function of membership size. As such, equilibrium conditions for sector membership size will also be considered.


A number of historical experiments have been conducted to determine whether mixtures of chemical compounds can be treated as if their ingredients act by joint toxicological mechanisms. For mixtures comprised of pairs and combinations of 42 different organic compounds, the LD 50 or LC 50 could be predicted accurately from the Finney harmonic-mean concept which defines joint toxicity as a potency-adjusted concept in which one compound can be substituted for another. This analysis revisits data from those classic experiments that serve as the basis for Threshold Limit Value (TLV) applications to mixtures, to determine whether the potency-adjustment can be based on comparisons of bioassay data as published in the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances instead of requiring the LD 50 (or LC 50 ) for each ingredient as used by the Finney model. This study has found that the toxicity of a mixture can be predicted accurately from a variety of bioassay data for each component of the mix and an LD 50 (or LC 50 ) for only one ingredient of the mixture. Finally, concerns are described about transforming high-dose data from laboratory experiments to low-dose human environmental exposures.


A method of generating surround sound with channels processing separately includes steps of transmitting left and right channel signals separately to a first multiple frequency phase shift processor, a pre-set equalizer and a second multiple frequency phase shift processor without addition and subtraction thereby providing a stereo sound position enhancement processing, transmitting left and right space signals separately to two multiple frequency phase shift processors, two stereo signal difference processors and a pre-set equalizer to provide a surround sound enhancement processing, and transmitting left channel signals, left space signals, right channel signals and right space signals separately to respective variable amplifiers to adjust output amplitude after the sound position enhancement processing and the surround sound enhancement processing and then summing up output signals to obtain three dimensional effect enhancement.


Sequential Cross-Domain Recommendation (CDR) has been popularly studied to utilize different domain knowledge and users' historical behaviors for the next-item prediction. In this paper, we focus on the cross-domain sequential recommendation problem. This commonly exist problem is rather challenging from two perspectives, i.e., the implicit user historical rating sequences are difficult in modeling and the users/items on different domains are mostly non-overlapped. Most previous sequential CDR approaches cannot solve the cross-domain sequential recommendation problem well, since (1) they cannot sufficiently depict the users' actual preferences, (2) they cannot leverage and transfer useful knowledge across domains. To tackle the above issues, we propose joint Internal multi-interest exploration and External domain alignment for cross domain Sequential Recommendation model (IESRec). IESRec includes two main modules, i.e., internal multi-interest exploration module and external domain alignment module. To reflect the users' diverse characteristics with multi-interests evolution, we first propose internal temporal optimal transport method in the internal multi-interest exploration module. We further propose external alignment optimal transport method in the external domain alignment module to reduce domain discrepancy for the item embeddings. Our empirical studies on Amazon datasets demonstrate that IESRec significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art models.


The newly reprocessed high time resolution (11/22 vectors/sec) Wind mission interplanetary magnetic field data and the solar wind key parameter search capability of the Virtual Heliospheric Observatory (VHO) affords an opportunity to study magnetic field power spectral density variations as a function of solar wind conditions. In the reprocessed Wind Magnetic Field Investigation (MFI) data, the spin tone and its harmonics are greatly reduced that allows the meaningful fitting of power spectra to the approx.2 Hz limit above which digitization noise becomes apparent. The power spectral density is computed and the spectral index is fitted for the MHD and ion inertial regime separately along with the break point between the two for various solar wind conditions . The time periods of fixed solar wind conditions are obtained from VHO searches that greatly simplify the process. The functional dependence of the ion inertial spectral index and break point on solar wind plasma and magnetic field conditions will be discussed


The construction industry suffers from the lack of adoption of advanced technologies. As a consequence, construction is among the least productive industries across various sectors. The researchers often point out that the critical issue is the lack of integration throughout the building project life cycle. Lack of information integration causes reworks unexpected changes, lower construction quality, delays, and on-site conflicts, which could be addressed in advance by a proper constructability study executed already in the design phase. Constructability is a technique that examines the logic of construction from the beginning to the end, seeking technical solutions that reduce project cost, time, and waste. The central part of the thesis provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of non-technical and technical constructability issues. Special attention is given to Lean and BIM approaches, which may serve as driving mechanisms that substantially improve constructability. The presented work tries to identify the value and integration of mechanisms for the improvement of constructability issues. Among the technical issues, the rationalization of the design plays an essential role in improving the execution and reducing project costs and delays. The final part of the thesis focuses on the rationalization of design addressing constructability issues by employing Generative Design. This approach is demonstrated in a case study of a complex building –Stožice Are na. The Arena case study shows the design rationalization techniques using generative design and machine learning, enabling informed shaping and clustering of the building envelope. The presented solution contributes to the evolving field of future architectural-structural design methods.


Nineteenth-century Lancastrians feared the death of regional dialects due to increased migration to manufacturing areas, the expansion of the railways, and compulsory state education. This fear fuelled the proliferation of dialect glossaries as well as dialect writing in the form of poems, songs, stories, and sketches. While scholars have written about these forms, the role of Lancashire dialect in theatrical contexts has been understudied. This article draws on recent studies in melodrama and performance sociolinguistics to examine Lancashire dialect writer Ben Brierley's domestic melodrama The Lancashire Weaver Lad. I argue that through its complex representation of 'Lancashireness' the play provided new ways for mid-Victorian Lancastrians to understand, construct, and perform modern Lancashire identities.


Network visualization enables support and deployment of new services and applications that the current Internet architecture is unable to support. Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) problem that addresses efficient mapping of virtual network elements onto a physical infrastructure (substrate network) is one of the main challenges in network virtualization. The Global Resource Capacity (GRC) is a VNE algorithm that utilizes for virtual link mapping a modified version of Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm. In this paper, we propose the GRC-M algorithm that utilizes the Multicommodity Flow (MCF) algorithm. MCF enables path splitting and yields to higher substrate resource utilizations. Simulation results show that MCF significantly enhances performance of the GRC algorithm.


Single-phase Tb1−xPrx(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.9B0.1 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1) compounds have been synthesized by arc melting and subsequent annealing at ambient pressure. The lattice parameter increases while the Curie temperature decreases linearly with increasing Pr content. The saturation magnetization at 5 and 295 K of the Tb1−xPrx(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.9B0.1 compounds decreases when x ⩽ 0.5, then increases with further increasing x. The smallest magnetostriction at room temperature (RT) for Tb0.5Pr0.5(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.9B0.1 is attributed to its total rare-earth moment which is close to zero, due to the antiparallel alignment of the Pr and Tb moments. The normalized RT magnetization and magnetostriction show that Tb0.2Pr0.8(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.9B0.1 has the smallest anisotropy, which agrees with the easy magnetization direction along ⟨1 1 1⟩ for the compounds with x ⩽ 0.8, but along ⟨1 1 0⟩ for the compounds with x = 0.9 and 1.0.


Here is an Introduction about the current development of the new-type building steel materials and an analysis on their good performances and advantages.


The battery is important storage device in the photovoltaic power system. To reduce the investment cost and to prolong the service life of battery, a three-stage charging methord for battery in photovoltaic power system is presented in this paper. The simulation model of the battery charging system has been set up by the Matlab/Simulink tool. Its battery model is based on the Thevenin's equivalent circuit. The buck circuit is controlled by switching three PID loops. The following works have been done in the study: the principle of three-stage charging for battery, the implementation of three-stage charging method, the simulation. Simulation results show that the proposed battery charge control method can be successfully applied to the battery charging of the photovoltaic power system. It can improve the stability and effectiveness of the battery charging system. Introduction With the increasingly serious environment problems, the utilization and management of the clean energy, such as solar energy, is becoming especially important. The battery has been widely used as an energy storage device in the photovoltaic power system. It is characterized by the low cost and repeated use [1, 2]. However, the output power of the photovoltaic power system is influenced by some factors, such as the natural resources, the lighting and environment temperature [3]. These factors result in the battery charged frequently. The traditional charging methods include constant current charging, constant voltage charging and the piecewise charging [4], etc. The traditional battery charging circuit is simple. Its implement is easy. At present, the two-stage charging mode has been applied widely. The two stages are constant current charging and constant voltage charging. The quick charge can be ensured by the two-stage charging mode, but the outgoing gas is still increased at the end of the charging. It influences the service life of battery. Therefore, a three-stage charging methord for battery in the photovoltaic power system is presented in this paper. The following works have been done in the study: the principle of three-stage charging for battery, the implementation of three-stage charging method, the simulation. Principle of three-stage charging for battery In Fig.1, the charging curve can be divided into three sections. Fig.1. Three-stage charging curves I/U 0 t T1 T2 I II III Current Voltage U1 I1 I2 International Power, Electronics and Materials Engineering Conference (IPEMEC 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 170 Section I (constant current stage): the capacity of battery is low at the beginning of the charging, the battery voltage of the gradually rises by using the constant current I1*. Section II (constant voltage stage): the battery is charged under the constant voltage U1* (switching voltage), and at the same time, the charging current of battery decreases gradually. Section III (small constant current stage): at the end of charging stage, battery is charged by the small constant current I2*. Implementation of three-stage charging method According to the method of three-stage charging for battery, the implementation can be divided into three steps as follow: Step 1: when the voltage of the battery is less than U1*, the state of battery is in the section I. At the beginning of charging, the constant current changing with PID controller is adopted. Step 2: when the voltage of the battery reaches U1*, the state of the battery goes into the section II. The switching voltage is the constant voltage U1*. The second PID controller is used to stabilize the volatge of battery at U1*. At the same time, the current of the battery gradually decreases from I1* to I2*. Step 3: when the current decreases to the values of I2*, the state of the battery goes into the section III. The third PID controller is used to adjust the current of battery at I2*. Simulation modeling of the battery charging Battery modeling based on the Thevenin's equivalent circuit is shown in Fig.2. Fig.2. Battery modeling based on the Thevenin's equivalent circuit This modeling consists in ideal power source E0, internal resistance r, voltage resistance R0 and capacitor C0. R0 is the nonlinear contact resistance between pole plate and electrolyte of battery, the voltage Uc0 between two end of the capacitor C0 is status variable, according to the Kirchhoff Voltage Law (KVL), the battery modeling can be described by a differential equation which is given by Eq.1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 (1 ) c c du r r C u V E dt R ⋅ + + = − (1) In Fig.2, all the parameters of battery can be set as constant for simulation [5]. Based on the battery modeling, the simulation circuit can be set up. And the battery charging simulation circuit is shown in Fig.3. r C0


Experiments were designed to determine whether or not cultured human cells recover from sublethal ultraviolet light injury during DNA-synthesis (S) phase as rodent cells do. Human liver (Chang) cells were synchronized by 2.5 mM thymidine or hydroxyurea blockage of DNA synthesis or by mitotic selection of cells previously blocked by excess thymidine. Cell survival was determined on the basis of colony formation. Following all three synchrony methods cell survival increased from the early S phase to the end of the division cycle. Cells irradiated in the G/sub 1/ phase and allowed to progress through the ensuing prolonged (about 30 hr) S phase survived subsequent irradiation as if they had not been irradiated. It was concluded that Chang liver cells recover from sublethal injury inflicted by ultraviolet light.


Objective:To investigate the relationship between model of serum markers of hepatitis B virus and HBV-DNA quantitative.Methods:Eight sixty-five serum samples of subjects with hepatitis B virus were detected using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR) for serum markers of hepatitis B virus in different models and quantitative determination of HBV-DNA respectively.Results:The detection rates of HBV-DNA in cases of positive model A,B,C were 96.1%,79.0% and 63.5% respectively.Conclusion:HbeAg is a reliable indicator of vigorous replication of HBV,negative HBeAg does not indicate the stop of the virus copying;combined detection of hepatitis B markers and HBV-DNA levels can enhance the accuracy of diagnosis,improve evaluation of therapy and prognosis.


ZrO(2)-Al(2)O(3) nanocrystalline powders have been synthesized by oxidizing ternary Zr(2)Al(3)C(4) powders. The simultaneous oxidation of Al and Zr in Zr(2)Al(3)C(4) results in homogeneous mixture of ZrO(2) and Al(2)O(3) at nanoscale. Bulk nano- and submicro-composites were prepared by hot-pressing as-oxidized powders at 1100 degrees-1500 degrees C. The composition and microstructure evolution during sintering was investigated by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM. The crystallite size of ZrO(2) in the composites increased from 7.5 nm for as-oxidized powders to about 0.5 mu m at 1500 degrees C, while the tetragonal polymorph gradually converted to monolithic one with increasing crystallite size. The Al(2)O(3) in the composites transformed from an amorphous phase in as oxidized powders to theta phase at 1100 degrees C and alpha phase at higher temperatures. The hardness of the composite increased from 2.0 GPa at 1100 degrees C to 13.5 GPa at 1400 degrees C due to the increase of density.


This paper reports on a sensor packaging method suitable for high temperature applications. Its application for packaging a 6H-SiC pressure sensor is described. Electrical interconnects between the pressure sensor and the pins of the sensor header were made using a metal-glass frits mixture, without wirebonding. Packaged sensors were tested for pressures up to 1000 psi and at temperatures up to 500/spl deg/C.


Abstract The treatment of 1, 2-exo-epoxynorbornane ( 1 ) with (trifluororomethyl)sulfenyl chloride ( 2 ) in dry pentane at −80ˆC furnishes 16 compounds. Of which, 7 are derived from the reaction of the solvent with 2 , 7 others are formed from the substrate ( 1 ) and the remaining two arise from the reagent ( 2 ) itself. The probable mechanism of their formation and their mass spectral characterization are presented in this paper.


Most marine litter monitoring methods used on beaches focus on macro-litter (>25 mm) only and show shortcomings regarding smaller litter classes (<25 mm), especially at Baltic Sea beaches. Therefore, we used a sand rake method developed for large micro- (2–5 mm), and meso- (5–25 mm) litter to quantify the overall pollution status of Baltic Sea beaches and to test if the method is useful in terms of the requirements of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Between July 2017 and October 2019, 197 sand rake method surveys were carried out at 35 regions around the Baltic Sea. In total, 9345 litter pieces were found on an area of 10,271 m2 of which 69.9% were 2–25 mm in size. Artificial polymers (4921 litter pieces) were predominant (mean 52.7% ± 13.3). Abundance of litter was 0.91 pieces/m2 ± 1.50 (median 0.40 pieces/m2). The most common litter were industrial pellets (19.8%), non-identifiable plastic pieces 2–25 mm (17.3%), cigarette butts (15.3%), and paraffin (11.9%). At 15 surveys at the German North Sea island of Sylt the litter abundance ranged from 0.45 pieces/m2 (median) to 0.59 pieces/m2 ± 0.37 (mean). Here, 69.2% of the litter was 2–25 mm in size and paraffin was predominant (69.2%). Beaches show a high pollution level with large micro- and meso-litter (2–25 mm) and our data can serve as a Baltic-wide pollution baseline. In contrast to the naked eye OSPAR method for macro-litter, the sand rake method is generally applicable on all sandy beaches, both urban and remote. This method also allows for the provision of a full spatial pollution pattern and can serve for assessing the effectiveness of marine litter mitigation measures.


This thesis investigates methods to enable a robot to build and maintain an environment model in an automatic manner. Such capabilities are especially important in long-term autonomy, where robots operate for extended periods of time without human intervention. In such scenarios we can no longer assume that the environment and the models will remain static. Rather changes are expected and the robot needs to adapt to the new, unseen, circumstances automatically. The approach described in this thesis is based on clustering the robot's sensing information. This provides a compact representation of the data which can be updated as more information becomes available. The work builds on affinity propagation (Frey and Dueck, 2007), a recent clustering method which obtains high quality clusters while only requiring similarities between pairs of points, and importantly, selecting the number of clusters automatically. This is essential for real autonomy as we typically do not know "a priori" how many clusters best represent the data. The contributions of this thesis are three fold. First, a self-supervised method is presented that automatically builds a visual appearance model of the environment with traversability information of objects within the environment. The model allows the detection of obstacles in new observations for safe navigation. Improvements over existing large scale affinity propagation extensions are made with meta-point affinity propagation, reducing computational time and improving robustness to noise. Experiments on indoor and outdoor data demonstrate the quality of the model as well as the ability to recognise obstacles. The usefulness in long-term autonomy is demonstrated on outdoor data captured months apart. Second, an extension of affinity propagation capable of clustering multiple data sources automatically is described. The method only requires information on a per sensor basis, which is automatically combined into a single clustering solution. This is of particular interest in robotics, as robots generally obtain data from different sensors. Experiments on indoor and outdoor RGB-D data demonstrate the advantage of combining multiple sensor modalities and the quality obtained by the proposed method in tasks such as segmentation and clustering. Third, joint clustering and anomaly detection is formulated as a generic integer program to which two optimisation methods are proposed. The formulation


An electronic circuit formed on an insulating substrate and having thin-film transistors (TFTs) comprising semiconductor layers. The thickness of the semiconductor layers is less than 1500 ANGSTROM , e.g., between 100 and 750 ANGSTROM . A first layer consisting mainly of titanium and nitrogen is formed on the semiconductor layer. A second layer consisting aluminum is formed on top of the first layer. The first and second layers are patterned into conductive interconnects. The bottom surface of the second layer is substantially totally in intimate contact with the first layer. The interconnects have good contacts with the semiconductor layer.


In this study, serial changes in mechanical strengths of allogenic bone grafts were evaluated 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks after grafting.Experimental subjects were two kinds of inbred rats with different M.H.C. Femoral diaphyses of Fischer 344 rats were treated with (1) freezing at-80°C, (2) lyophilizing, (3)-defatting or (4) decalcifying. Fresh femoral diaphyses were used as controls. These treated bones were grafted into subcutaneous spaces of Brown-Norway rats and Fischer 344 rats. Fischer 344 rats were used in fresh isogenic grafts cases.The mechanical strengths of bones treated under various methods were measured by bending test using a strength-test machine with a microcomputer.Results:1. In bending tests, the maximum load values of treated bones were low compared with that of fresh bones. The load values of decalcified bones were unmeasurable.2. After grafting, the bending strengths of fresh allogenic bones were extremely low, that of bones frozen at -80°C or lyophilized bones were reduced a little and that of defatted bones were not reduced. On and after 4 weeks following grafting, the load values of decalcified bones were measurable. The bending strengths of fresh isogenic bones were low compared with that of fresh allogenic bones, but after 4 weeks following grafting strengths were slightly high.3. The above results suggest that defatted bones are recommended for bone grafting when mechanical strength is required.


Four new highly oxygenated guaiane lactones, menverins A–D (1–4), were isolated from the gorgonian Menella verrucosa (Brundin) from the South China Sea. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. All compounds contain a conjugated α-methyl-substituted α, β-unsaturated γ-lactone moiety, a C(8)C(9) conjugated with the γ-lactone moiety, and an exocyclic methylene group at C(4) (trivial numbering).


This work presents a multitemporal monitoring of the location of the Jesús María riverbanks, in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. The main objective was to record, for the period from 2002 to 2015, the river erosion and sedimentation processes that occurred in this area during the floods of the river and which caused on two occasions, between 2010 and 2015, the collapse of the support system and the access to the bridge on National Route 9, respectively. The work has been carried out under the premise of providing technical elements for the repair of the damages produced. A hydrogeomorphological study has been performed using remote sensing and a geographic information system to measure the morphological evolution of the river section under study such as the maximum displacements of the riverbanks. The eroded area was 6 Ha, and the sedimented area was 1 Ha. From this satellite monitoring, a maximum displacement of 90 meters was estimated.


In vitro data have indicated that plasmin-mediated lysis of crosslinked (XL) fibrin in vivo yields only one distinct high molecular weight complex, which has the empirical formula, 2D-E. We have compared the compositions of lysates obtained from I125 labelled and unlabelled fibrin clots in buffer, human and animal sera, and trasylol, using conventional immunological, chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. Both trasylol (10 KI units/ml) and various animal sera stabilised the D dimer-E complex following lysis of XL fibrin and only in buffer were free D dimer and E fragments observed. The D dimer-E complex was isolated by affinity chromatography and the expect ed polypeptide chain composition, including the crosslinked γ chain remnants, was confiimed. By combining various molar ratios of D dimer and E the expected equimolar nature of the complex was confirmed and the association sites between D dimer and E may be synonymous with the polymerization sites already shown to exist in the 0 and E domains of fibrinogen. Using I125 labelled fibrin clots, covalently linked high molecular weight complexes (up to 1 x 106Mv) were observed during in vitro lysis with plasmin. At least one of these was identified as a crosslinked γ dimer while other larger fragments may be covalently linked complexes of the "D dimer-E subunit". A hypothesis for XL fibrin lysis in vivo is proposed which complements accepted ideas on fibrin clot formation.


Purpose

The paper aims to examine assessment tools for strategic performance evaluation of building and Norwegian practice in light of international practise.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper includes a literature review of literature describing the use of assessment tools suitable for building performance evaluation. In this paper, the authors examine, first, what properties they find most essential when assessing building portfolios. This analysis is outlined in the theoretical framework section. Second, the authors examine what are the propensities of the analytic assessment tools that they perceive as to be found in the forefront of contemporary methodological development for examining building performance. These propensities are presented in the findings chapter. The authors discuss how they measure their applicability and impact of use.

Findings

The authors found several interesting methods for assessing building performance in general. In particular, the feed forward loop from Steinke, developed from BSC, Soft Landings Framework and the Norwegian multiMap method are recommended.

Practical implications

This conceptual paper addresses methodological challenges in a comparative way. This comparative approach permits for an identification of respective strengths and weaknesses. It suggests concrete points of reference enabling an increase in the performance of such methodologies.

Originality/value

The paper is original in its approach of several methodological tools in light of concepts such as viability and adaptability. By doing this, it underlines the necessity to include social and adaptive dimensions of strategic building portfolio assessment tools.


"Systematics collections are complex information acquisition, storage and retrieval systems comprising specimen samples of organisms and associated information about them" (Irwin et al. 1973). Recent awareness of the impor tance and quality of systematics collections as a national resource has led to a series of studies and reports on the present status of systematics collections and their future needs. The predominant themes of these reports are that system atics resources must be improved and used more effectively and efficiently. The report, "America's Systematics Collection: A National Plan' (Irwin et al. 1973), briefly summarizes previous studies and presents a National Plan "designed to make systematics collections and their associated institutions a more effective national resource system." This report to the Association of Systematics Collections contains: (1) statements of the primary goals of the systematics collections


A new polynomial time decidable fragment of first order logic is identified, and a general method for using polynomial time inference procedures in knowledge representation systems is presented. The results shown in this paper indicate that a nonstandard "taxonomic" syntax is essential in constructing natural and powerful polynomial time inference procedures. The central role of taxonomic syntax in the polynomial time inference procedures provides technical support for the often-expressed intuition that knowledge is better represented in terms of taxonomic relationships than classical first order formulas. To use the procedures in a knowledge representation system, a "Socratic proof system" is defined, which is complete for first order inference and which can be used as a semi-automated interface to a first order knowledge base.


This work presents a method for denoising chaotic time series when the structure of the underlying dynamics is known, albeit not the associated initial conditions and parameters. The strategy relies on finding the initial conditions and free parameters that minimize deviations - in the mean-squared error sense - from the noisy observations, thus providing the means to identify the original model that engenders the noise-free chaotic signal. To accomplish this purpose, an evolutionary immune-inspired approach was adopted. The reason for choosing this approach was its significant global search potential and the fact that it does not demand cost function manipulations. The proposal can be applied to general contexts, but a most promising perspective is its use in communications systems employing chaotic signals, for which the existence of knowledge about the underlying dynamics is a reasonable assumption.


The growing popularity of smart mobile devices has not only triggered an exponential increase in mobile data traffic, but also boosted the computation demands and requirements to an unprecedented level. Meanwhile, the next generation wireless networks, i.e., 5G networks, are envisioned to provide richer user experience and diversified mobile applications, which calls for more intensive computation at mobile devices. Therefore, the concept of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has been recently introduced as a means to bring cloud computing capabilities at the mobile network edge.


The invention discloses astragalus Chinese medicinal decoction for treating palpitation. The Chinese medicinal decoction is prepared from the following Chinese herbal medicines in part by weight: 162 to 270 parts of astragalus, 88 to 200 parts of largehead atractylodes rhizome, 140 to 220 parts of spina date seed, 88 to 200 parts of shelled cedar seed, 88 to 200 parts of south dodder seed and 140 to 220 parts of Szechwan tangshen root; the Chinese herbal medicines have the effects of replenishing blood and nourishing heart, benefiting qi and soothing the nerves; the Chinese medicinal decoction has a good therapeutic effect on heart blood deficiency type palpitation and an obvious curative effect of relieving palpitation and dizziness, complexion anomaly and tireness and weakness; and the Chinese medicinal decoction has the advantages of no toxic or side effect and obvious effect, and pain of patients is radically relieved.


With the rapid development of science and technology, office automation greatly facilitate the efficiency of the enterprise or the company's office, but the traditional office automation has location and time limit. Along with the development of smart phones and cloud computing, cloud office automatic and mobile office automatic greatly convenient office workers in the enterprise and enterprise, and solved the problem of the traditional mobile office automatic mostly. This article first introduced the thesis research background, analyzes the present situation and existing problems of traditional office automation, through the introduction about cloud computing, mobile devices and related concepts of office automation, cloud mobile office system was put forward, and some solutions are put forward.


Fluidized-bed bioreactors (FBBR`s) offer a promising alternative to existing treatment technologies for the treatment of water contaminated with chlorinated solvents. The objective of this research was to test a laboratory-scale FBBR for removal of trichloroethene (TCE) from groundwater and to study the FBBR kinetic behavior so that field-scale treatment systems could be designed. Phenol was selected as the growth substrate for biofilm-forming microorganisms enriched from activated-sludge because phenol induces enzymes capable of cometabolizing TCE and lesser chlorinated ethenes. The biofilm forming microorganisms were identified as Pseudomonas putida, a common soil bacterium. Experiments with a conventional, single-pass FBBR addressed TCE removal as effected by changes in TCE loading, phenol loading, and media type. In this study, TCE removal using quartz filter sand and garnet filter sand as the biofilm attachment media was measured. Removal ranged from 20 to 60% and was not affected by the media type. Also, removal was not affected by inlet TCE concentration over the range of 100 to 500 {micro}g/L provided the phenol loading was decreased with increasing TCE loading. The FBBR was capable of complete phenol removal at an inlet concentration of 20 to 25 mg/L and an empty-bed contact time of 2.7 minutes. However, themore » empty-bed contact time was insufficient to sustain greater than 40 to 50% removal of TCE in a nutrient-amended groundwater.« less


SUMMARY

Measurements of seed vigour, emergence and maturity characters were made on six seedlots of crisp lettuce cvs Pennlake and Saladin, vigour being determined by the measurement of root length in a slant test.

There were significant differences between the root length and transplant weight of different seedlots of each cultivar. Root length was significantly rank-correlated with transplant dry weight in both cultivars (cv. Pennlake rs= 0·94, N = 6; cv. Saladin rs= 0·83, N = 6) but not with head weight at maturity. Percentage germination was significantly correlated with seed weight and root length. It is suggested that the slant test can be reliably used to indicate early plant vigour.


The first proposed cluster index and fluctuation index were taken as main indexes to study the production cluster and the fluctuation situations of five main grain crops in Hunan province in recent 10 years.The results showed that the cluster index of sowing area and yield of the five grain crops in Hunan province was ordered as maizepotatosweet potatosoy beanrice and potatosoy beanmaizericesweet potato,respectively;the fluctuation index of sowing area and yield of the five grain crops in Hunan province was ordered as soy beansweet potatomaizepotatorice and potatomaizesoy beansweet potatorice,respectively.The stable zone,the relatively stable zone and the fluctuation zone of sowing area and yield were determined for each main producing region.


The promulgation of Colombian Political Constitution –Constitution of Colombian– marked in such country a paradigmatic constitutional change, high lining great transformations in terms of ontology, axiology and juridical methodology. Such transformations are manifested in Colombian model of governance, the notion of Law and the introduction of the so called fundamental rights, the shaping of the source system, the relationship between the branches of power, the role of the Judge and the necessary supplies for the latter; such circumstances are submitted to constant debate, development and restructuring of theories that affirm Colombian law dogmatic. However the breakthroughs regarding the production of Law and the day-by-day juridical conflicts demand constant dynamic that must be answered by the academia. Vis-a-vis vital subjects such as the role of the judge and the arguments that back up a providence have been seeing developments that are worth their upbringing. Nonetheless they result insufficient, especially regarding the tools that Colombian Constitutional Court has implemented in order to develop its role as the protector of the Constitution.


The spectral reflectance of a sample of quartz sand was monitored as the sample progressed from air-dry to fully saturated, and then back to air-dry. Wetting was accomplished by spraying small amounts of water on the surface of the sample, and collecting spectra whenever change occurred. Drying was passive, driven by evaporation from the sand surface, with spectra collected every 5 minutes until the sample was air dry. Water content was determined by monitoring the weight of the sample through both wetting and drying. There was a pronounced difference in the pattern of change in reflectance during wetting and drying, with the differences being apparent both in spectral details (i.e., the depth of absorption bands) and in the magnitude of the reflectance for a particular water content. The differences are attributable to the disposition of water in the sample. During wetting, water initially occurred only on the surface, primarily as water adsorbed onto sand particles. With increased wetting the water infiltrated deeper into the sample, gradually covering all particles and filling the pore spaces. During drying, water and air were distributed throughout the sample for most of the drying period. The differences in water distribution are assumed to be the cause of the differences in reflectance and to the differences in the depths of four strong water absorption bands.


Volume 75 n Number 2 28 WWhen the ASA Closed Claims Project was initiated in the mid-1980s, adverse respiratory events were the leading cause of malpractice claims against anesthesiologists. Claims for adverse respiratory events were often extremely costly, as the vast majority of these events resulted in severe permanent brain damage or death.1 As new technologies, standards and guidelines were adopted, this picture improved tremendously in the 1990s and later. While adverse respiratory events still account for nearly one-quarter of claims against anesthesiologists in the years since 2000, the types of respiratory events leading to malpractice claims and their contribution to anesthesia liability have changed. This update will provide a brief overview of recent trends in adverse respiratory events in the ASA Closed Claims Project.


Activity recognition is a challenging problem for context-aware systems and applications. Many studies in this field has mainly adopted techniques based on supervised or semi-supervised learning algorithms to recognize activities by movement patterns gathered through sensors, but these existing systems suffer from complex issues for feature representations of sensor data and multi-sensors integration. In this paper, we propose a novel feature learning method for activity recognition based on entropy and construct an activity recognition model with multi-class AdaBoost algorithm. Experiments on sensor data from a real dataset demonstrate the significant potential of our method to extract features for activity recognition. The experimental results also show recognition model based on multi-class AdaBoost is effective. The average precision and recall for six activities are 95.9% and 95.9%, respectively, which are higher than results obtained by using other methods such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) or K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN).


For intelligent and accurate identification of the gas anomalous area, two geophysical exploration methods, namely, the direct current (DC) method and the transient electromagnetic method, were adopted for advance detection of the underground roadway before the joint inversion of the detection data to obtain the fusion image of apparent resistivity. Based on the high-resistivity area in the image, the range of 13–65 m ahead of the driving face is the gas anomalous area. According to the test results of gas prediction indexes q and Δh 2, there is an area with high prediction values in front of the roadway, which is consistent with that determined by geophysical exploration. From the analysis of the thickness of exposed coal, there is an area with large coal thickness ahead of the roadway where there is an increase in gas content. The electrical characteristics of the coal are changed in the area, contributing to the anomalous resistivity, which keeps in consistency with the results of geophysical exploration. Therefore, the electro-magnetic joint exploration technology can realize the intelligent identification of gas anomalous areas, which is of great significance for the efficient and accurate detection of gas anomalous area in the coal seam.


Present study showed niche regulation between brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparavata lugens (Stal.) and whitebacked planhopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) with regards to their natural enemy populations in early and late transplanted crop of Pusa Basmati 1121 during kharif 2015 and 2016. The BPH and WBPH populations were associated with predator population range of 20–120 predators/50 hills in early and late transplanted rice during 2015 and with 20–120 predators/50 hills in early and 20–160 predators/50 hills in late transplanted crop during 2016. With respect to predator association, BPH had broader niche in early transplanted and late transplanted crops compared to WBPH as the BPH population showed greater association with natural enemy population than WBPH during the cropping seasons of both the years. The overlap between BPH and WBPH in relation to association with predator population in early transplanted rice during 2016 was greater than 2015. The BPH thus proved to be a generalistic species compared to WBPH, which acted as more specialist species as its population occurred in lower number during the both the cropping season on rice crop.


Abstract The highest rates of incidental catch of non-target species is associated with shrimp bottom trawl fisheries. This could lead to adverse effects on the structure and functioning of ecosystems. However, the structural and functional variability of fish communities captured as by-catch from this fishery in the Colombian Caribbean Sea have been poorly documented. We examined commercial fishing hauls in two areas (Gulf of Morrosquillo and adjacent coralline islands) during the rainy and dry seasons. The biomass and numeric abundance of fish species were estimated using by-catch data collected using the swept area method, and the demersal fish community structure was characterized using ecological, taxonomic and functional diversity indices. During the two seasons, 161 taxa were recorded, and 92 of them were present throughout the whole area. Ecological indices showed significant differences among areas and seasons, with lower values in the Islands area and during the wet season. However, the taxonomic diversity and functional indices do not show clear differences but instead indicate that the Islands area was the zone with a lower taxonomic and functional variation, which indicates lower ecological redundancy in comparison to the Gulf.


The invention relates to a power tool (2) with start-up fuse (3), wherein the power tool (2) comprises a housing (5), a drive system and a receptacle (8) for a mechanical working means (9) and the drive system a from outside the housing (5) has access switch and an electric drive (6) with which the receptacle (8) being drivable, wherein the drive system is adapted such that a starting of the electric drive (6) is enabled only when the switch is actuated. According to the invention it is provided that the start-up fuse (3) can be placed from the outside on the power tool (2) and the start-up fuse (3) and the drive system are configured and arranged such that a starting of the electric drive (6) when the power tool (2 ) patch start fuse (2) is prevented. Thus, a possibility is provided, even with hand-held, battery-operated power tools (2), in which the accumulator (4) can not be out of the power tool (2) remove when changing the mechanical working means (9) the safety of the user of the power tool (2 ) to ensure.


In this article, the authors report on a state project designed to explore numeracy outcomes of Indigenous students. The "Supporting Indigenous students achievement in numeracy" project (2003-2004), commissioned by Education authorities in the Northern Territory, was aimed at researching the impact of the development and implementation of authentic (rich) assessment tasks on the numeracy outcomes of middle years Indigenous students in a targeted group of remote, non-urban schools. The project involved the schools in trialing and/or implementing a range of rich tasks aimed at identifying starting points for numeracy teaching. Results indicated that students in the target group found the "rich" tasks difficult to access, even though a concerted attempt had been made to ensure that the tasks were relevant and the literacy demands were kept to a minimum. It was also evident that there was considerable variation in task administration both within and between schools. This has important implications for the wider use of these types of tasks and suggests that much more work is needed to ensure equity of access across very different communities. Another extremely important outcome of this project was the reported growth in teacher knowledge and confidence about how to teach mathematics more effectively to students in remote, non-urban communities.


Theoretical and empirical studies about European industrial organization are gradually accumulating into a coherent body of knowledge. Because this knowledge extends over a great variety of European ownership arrangements it allows uniquely fruitful comparisons that can afford a valuable counterpoint to American findings. The range of governmental policies in Europe also contrasts in many ways with American antitrust policy. Fortunately, current knowledge about European industrial organization and policy has now been set out in English by authoritative Belgian and Dutch authors, Alexis Jacquemin and Henry de Jong.


Geographic distance has been studied extensively as an obstructer of tourism flows, whereas another distance measure, cultural distance (CD), receives less attention in tourism demand research. Using international tourist arrival data between 94 countries for the period 1995–2012, we estimate several Poisson gravity models incorporating a CD measure based on national cultural scores from the World Values Survey (WVS). Our estimation results show a negative and significant effect of CD on international tourist flows, the elasticity of which is –0.158, and the effect appears significantly smaller between countries with historical colonial linkage. Most notably, the tourism-inhibiting effect of CD began a downward trend in 2003. In particular, we find that economic globalization and technology advancement can be used to explain the declining effect of CD. Major conclusions are substantiated in a robustness check using two alternative CD measures.


Ten pits storing bronze music insterments were being discovered one after another from Dec.1996 to Jan.1997 by the Research Institute of Archaeology,Henan.A lot of bronze music instruments were being unearthed,which gave more systematic and comprehensive expression to the style and features of Rite-Music System in the Spring-and-Autumn Period in Zheng State.That's why these unearthed bronze music instruments have such an academical value that it can't be ignored in historical archaeology.So far as the historical facts and etiquette and institutions were concerned,they had conspicuously not been designed for sacrificial rites,but it is most probably they had been arranged in Xinzheng,in (Lord Lu Zhao's Ist year,Lord Zheng Jian's 25th year)the year of 514B.C. for celebrating the grand ceremony held for entertaining the three main member states of the Alliance Zhaoguo State,Meng State et.,shortly after the successful establishment of the "Alliance". The Bronze instruments can be seen as the symbol of Entertainment System of the Host State.The style and features of the instruments had rimained so intact that it accounts for the fact that how zheng State celebrated the two historic events then.


We report on the terahertz (THz) emission from CoFeB/Pt spintronic structures in the below-magnetic-saturation regime and enhance the in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) in the ferromagnetic layer by varying the sputter deposition conditions. In the case of a ferromagnetic film with a well-defined UMA, we demonstrate that alignment of the applied magnetic field with the easy axis of the structure allows the THz emission to reach saturation under weaker applied magnetic fields. Furthermore, in this orientation the THz emission remains at saturation levels with the magnetic field subsequently removed, thus realizing field-free THz emission from a simple spintronic bilayer structure. In addition, we demonstrate that the UMA in the ferromagnetic layer can be exploited to enable control of the polarization of the emitted THz pulse. By applying the magnetic field along the hard axis of the structure, we achieve rotation of the plane of linear polarization by modulating the magnitude of the applied field.


LPD is one of the assets and income for culterel village. So that LPD need for the good and realiable management. LPD should have adequate internal and external control to preverent abuses of power various parties that can lead bangkruptcy in.LPD LPDshould observe the provision of credit to minimize the bad debts. The purpose of this research is to determine how much influence, independence professionalism and supervicory board on the effectiveness of the internal control structure in the provision of credit in LPD Bangli. The analysis technique used is validity test, reability test, classic assumption test and multiple linear regression test and also hypothesis test consist og F–test and T- test based on the survey result all of the variables in this research instrument are declared free of the interference classical assumption. The multiple regression analysis (F-test) explain that the influence of the independence professionalism and suvervisory board a significant positive impact on the efectivness of the internal control structure in the provision of credit in LPD Bangli. T-test found the three variables (inthepedence, professionalism, and suvervisory board) are declared partial significant positive effect on the effectiveness of the internal control structure in the provision of credit in LPD Bangli. Keywords:  Indepedence professionalism, employess supervisory board and the effectiveness of the internal control structure .


Despite the great promises of resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) for fast, low-power in memory computing, the models deployed on ReRAM crossbars suffer from accuracy loss, due to poor yield, inaccurate switching and high noise. In this paper, we report a forming-free bulk ReRAM (b-ReRAM) cell that can be programmed up to 128 levels between 400nA $(4\mu \mathrm{S})$ and $4\mu A (40\mu S)$. The device operates by continuous modulation of bulk oxygen vacancies, therefore exhibiting favorable characteristics including forming-free operation, analog switching, low noise and low operating currents [1], [2]. The multilayer ReRAM stack is deposited using a specially built 300mm deposition system that features a clustered sequence of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), leading to high wafer-level yield and uniformity. High programming accuracy can be achieved over 25k b-ReRAM devices across 15 dies. A fully integrated system on chip (SoC) with BEOL-integrated b-ReRAM arrays is built with 65nm CMOS technology, and keyword spotting (KWS) is demonstrated with accuracy equivalent to the software quantized model and high energy efficiency at 98.5 TOPS/W. Moreover, we evaluate the performance of the bitcell for large neural network (NN) applications in a custom hardware-aware simulation platform and show that software comparable accuracy can be achieved. This work for the first-time reports that high yield and high programming accuracy can be achieved with b-ReRAM at the wafer-level scale and demonstrates that superior analog behavior enables the mapping of NN models onto the ReRAM-based SoC prototype with no accuracy loss and high energy efficiency.


In recent times, special merits of negative ion beams have been recognized in the context of novel materials science applications, and there is a plenty of room for further growth of the field. Various kinds of negative ion sources are currently available. Compact surface-plasma type sources, namely, Penning, planotron and semi-planotron sources, are discussed with special emphasis on the merits of these sources for applications in the area of microlithography, ion microscopy, and surface modifications. The potential of these sources for high-current applications, such as spallation neutron source, is also discussed.


In the cyclopolymerization of o-vinylphenyl acrylate (VPA) with a conventional radical initiator and with alkylaluminum chlorides, polymers containing residual acrylic and vinylic double bonds were obtained. The cyclic structure and the sequence in the polymers were investigated by IR and NMR spectra of methylated polymers, in comparison with those of random and alternating copolymers of o-methoxystyrene—methyl acrylate; the methylated polymers were derived from the diazomethane treatment after the hydrolysis of the original cyclized polymers. The IR spectra indicated that the polymerization of VPA proceeded through head-to-tail additions with the cyclic structure of a seven-membered ring. There was a distinct difference of methoxy proton resonance in the NMR spectra of the methylated polymers derived from cyclized polymers prepared with a conventional radical initiator and in the presence of alkylaluminum chlorides. The spectrum of the former corresponded with that of the random copolymer and the spectra of the latter with that of the alternating copolymers. On the basis of the NMR measurement, the sequence of addition of the acrylic and the vinylic double bonds was random for the radical cyclopolymerization, and alternating for the cyclopolymerization in the presence of alkylaluminum chlorides. The cyclopolymerization in the presence of alkylaluminum chlorides was explained by the molecular complex mechanism.


We studied the photoluminescence (PL) and energy-transfer processes in ${\text{Eu}}^{3+}$-doped GaN epitaxial films by means of microscopic PL imaging spectroscopy. ${\text{Eu}}^{3+}$-doped GaN epitaxial films exhibited blue luminescence due to bound-exciton recombinations in GaN host crystals and red luminescence due to intra-$4f$ transitions of ${\text{Eu}}^{3+}$ ions. We found an anticorrelation between the exciton and ${\text{Eu}}^{3+}$ PL intensities in space-resolved PL images, indicating that energy transfer from GaN crystals to ${\text{Eu}}^{3+}$ ions determines the ${\text{Eu}}^{3+}$ luminescence intensity. PL and PL excitation spectra showed that efficient ${\text{Eu}}^{3+}$ luminescence is caused by two different excitation processes: energy transfer from the low-energy charge-transfer (CT) states to ${\text{Eu}}^{3+}$ ions or from the delocalized states above the band edge of GaN crystals to ${\text{Eu}}^{3+}$ ions. The energy-transfer process from the CT state to ${\text{Eu}}^{3+}$ ions dominates the ${\text{Eu}}^{3+}$ luminescence.


The rainfall has become anomalous today along Odisha coast, India. The southern distributaries, Daya and Bhargovi in Mahanadi delta join the sea via Chilika lagoon. The lagoon stands variations in geomorphology, ecology and biodiversity for changes in precipitation and threshold flushing flow. The abnormal rainfall has caused high floods during 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2011 and 2014. Year 2000 was the minimum discharge year of the millennium. Chilika Lagoon, largest in Asia receives 61% of inland flow from Mahanadi system. The tourist, flora and aqua catch decreased remarkably 1995-2000 for lagoon's reduced salinity, siltation and biodiversity. As engineering intervention, a new inlet dredged, few barrages and cuts constructed upstream in the river system. The anomaly in monsoon precipitation has trimmed down the threshold flushing flow to maintain salinity. Hence frequency analysis and prediction of rainfall at a desired recurrence interval became univocal. As post studies of hydrology to the engineering interferences, the frequency analysis of rainfall has been done after verifying the outliers, goodness of fit with handful recorded data. A suitable probability distribution pattern has been selected and PDF function used to predict monsoon rainfall against various recurrence periods. Out of L-moment, PWM methods available, Log Pearson type III method is found the best and realistic for rainfall analysis. Attempt has been made in this paper to predict annual monsoon rainfall of the delta and lagoon for 10000 years at different return periods.


going about, there are often occurrences which are worthy of notice. I shall here subjoin the descriptions of one or two of these attacks. He was standing on a chair, putting a hat-box on a shelf, when one of the fits came on. His child noticed something queer, and ran for his wife, who found him standing on the chair with pallid face, and the box raised in his hands. He stood in this position for a minute or two, and then, recovering, placed the box on the shelf. He was working in a shop in Renfield Street, at a time when a son was lying ill of fever. He thinks he imagined his son was dead ; but, at any rate, without being the least conscious of what he did, he (according to the account of his shopmates) laid aside his tools, took offand hung up his leather apron, and, after muttering some unintelligible words to the [foreman, left, the shop. He himself remembers nothing of this; but woke to consciousness to find himself sitting on one of the benches in George Square. On comparing the hours, it seems that this was about ten minutes after he left the shop, and in the interval he walked through the busy streets from Renfield Street to George Square. On another occasion, while he was sitting on a trunk, his wife noticed by the pallor of his face that he was having a fit. After the paleness had gone, he cried out: " There it is; take it, lift it", pointing to the floor. He at the same time made efforts to raise the lid of the trunk on which he was sitting. All this time he wasquite unconscious, and has no idea of what he saw or supposed he saw. Several times, he has walked considerable distances while perfectly unconscious, and has once or twice dropped his staff while in this state. Quite recently, he was outside the hospital on leave, and met a friend in Partick. One of the attacks came on, and the next thing he remembers is standing in a public-house and pointing to the bottles on the shelf. His friend, seeing him ill, had asked him to go to the public-house, and he had walked there, a distance of over a hundred yards, apparently without difficulty, but absolutely iunconscious. In the relation of this case, one is struck at once with the peculiar nature of the so-called aura or warning. In speaking of the former case, I regarded the feeling of numbness in the thumb and fingers as the first evidence of action in the nervous centres. This feeling, which I suppose would be called an aura, I regarded as, in fact, the beginning of the attack, and as affording evidence to us of the seat :oforigin of the process. And the aura in the present case I would regard as of similar import. The peculiar thought which the patient describes as preceding every attack indicates that the action always begins in the same part of the nervous centres. He says there is nothing specially terrible or unpleasant about the thought, nor is it a particularly agreeable one; but he has always found it there, and has always found it the same. The fact that a phenomenon of this kind is the initial one in the present case I regard as of considerable importance in relation to certain other peculiar features in the case. The centre primarily involved must be a very high one; it is one intimately related to mental or intellectual processes. This I regard as of consequence in view of an explanation, originated by Hughlings Jackson, of such phenomena as we find here. In an article in the West Riding Asylum Retorts for I875, there is a paper by that author, to which I would refer for a more detailed exposition of the theory. Suffice it to say that, in those cases in which patients are found to perform actions during a fit which have all the appearance of voluntary acts, these actions are really automatic. The nervous system is apparently built up in successive stages. The lowest centres, such as those in the cord, are simple; but, as we ascend, we come to more and more complex centres till we reach the highest, which are presumably most intimately related to the mind and will. The lower centres are, to a certain extent, independent, but also under the command or control of the higher. We may perform such actions as walking without any appreciable exercise of volition, or wve may do them with the most direct volition. In the former case, the centres concerned in walkinig are acting, in a measure, automatically; in the latter, thev are dominated by the higher centres. And now, if a high centre be put out of action, the lower may act automatically. If, as the result of an epileptic attack, a high centre be temporarily paralysed, then the lower centres may go on acting out of the control of the will. We know that epilepsy does produce a temporary exhaustion or paralysis of the centres which have discharged, and, if these be high centres, and if, along with them, low centres be not affected, then, after the discharge of these higher centres, there may be an unconscious and automatic action of the lower ones. And we may apply this to our case. The fact that the fit always begins with some indescribable tlhouglht indicates that a high centre is affected ; and the fact that there are never serious convulsions shlows that the fits are not in the habit of going deep, at least to motor centres. But, as a result of the fit, we have these peculiar automatic actions which I have so often referred to. I would here advert to one other point involved in this view of Hughlings Jackson. He insists that these actions occur after the discharge; are not actually the fit, although often described as if they replaced it. The case before us acIds confirmation to this view. It is noted that paleness always accompanies the attack, and, in describing one of these peculiar occurrences, he distinctly states that, according to the evidence of his wife, it was after the paleness had gone that he pointed to the floor and cried out, " There it is ; take it, lift it", and so on. The particular kind of automatic action seems to be determined by accident. Hitherto he has never done anything peculiar when the fits occurred while he was in bed. He just lay still. But, if he were walking, he continued walking. In the last occurrence reported, the action seemed to be determined by the invitation of his friend to adjourn to a public-house. In this respect, the phenomena of the fit itself contrast with those following it, and I believe this to be a general rule. The attack comes on in an invariably constant form ; but these automatic actions depend on the particular centre which happens to be most active at the time. But this and similar cases have also some importance in a medicolegal point of view. Suppose that this man, instead of being a gentle and peaceable citizen, had been a rather ferocious man, with frequently thoughts of ill in his head ; or suppose even that, at the particular time of the onset of one of these fits, his thoughts had been running on evil things. In either case, the subsequent automatic action would probably be determined by the ideas present, and, instead of an innocent and perhaps absurd performance, we might have a gross and palpable outrage. In such a case, I think there are few lawyers who would believe that the act was otherwise than criminal, especially if the previous conduct of the accused lent any weight to this view.


I started this project after seeing a very fine beaded hide shirt in a booklet from the Chicago Field Museum. As the shirt was illustrated only in black and white, I tried my luck at contacting the Field Museum by email to ask if they could supply me with a color image of it. They were only able to supply me with a very small image of it, so I continued to correspond with one of the Field Museum staff members in order to gain as much detailed information about the shirt as possible.


We report the first direct demonstration of possibility to generate the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation with a freely expanding jet of dense plasma with multiply-charged ions supported by high-power microwaves. The detected emission power is about 20 W at 18--50 nm for argon and xenon and 0.3 W at 13--17 nm for xenon. The discharge with a peak electron density up to $3\times 10^{16}\,$cm$^{-3}$ and a characteristic size of $150\,\mu$m is supported by a focused radiation of a recently developed gyrotron with unique characteristics, 250~kW output power at 250~GHz, operating in a relatively long (50$\,\mu$s) pulse mode. Up-scaling of these experimental results gives grounds for development of a point-like kilowatt-level EUV source for a high-resolution lithography able to fulfill requirements of the microelectronics industry.


318 Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most frequent malignancy in men worldwide. 68Ga-PSMA-11 is one of the most widely used radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positive lesions in men with PC and is part of standard clinical practice at many centres. Due to the longer half-life and shorter positron range of copper-64 (t1/2=12.7 hours; mean positron range=0.56 mm), a novel PSMA-targeting radiotracer labelled with this radionuclide, 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA, has the potential to provide advantages over 68Ga-PSMA-11 (t1/2=68 minutes; mean positron range=3.5 mm). The 12.7 hour half-life of Cu-64 allows the central manufacturing of 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA with a product shelf-life of up to 2 days. The longer half-life enables PET imaging from 1 to 72 hours after administration which offers greater flexibility in terms of scheduling of patients and may translate into detection of additional lesions due to increased Standardized Uptake Values (SUV) in the lesions relative to background following biological clearance of the tracer from organs over time. The shorter positron range may lead to improved resolution on the scan and thus, better detection of small lesions, including those that are in close proximity to each other, or to organs involved in clearance of the product such as the bladder and kidneys. In addition to the potential imaging and supply benefits of Cu-64, current generation PSMA targeting agents such as 68Ga-PSMA-11 have only a single targeting functional group. 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA has two PSMA-targeting functional groups, which can lead to improved tumor uptake and retention. This was shown in a preclinical study, where 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA outperformed the monomeric 64Cu-SAR-PSMA with respect to both tumor uptake and retention (Zia et al, 2019). Methods: Patients with untreated, histopathology-proven, intermediate- to high-risk PC, planned for radical prostatectomy underwent 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT per institutional practice and were subsequently allocated to 1 out of 3 dose cohorts (1:1:3) to receive either 100 MBq, 150 MBq or 200 MBq of 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA, respectively. A PET/CT was acquired at 3-hours (±1 hour) post-injection of 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA. Two independent, blinded, central readers assessed the detection of primary PC on the 200 MBq 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA PET/CTs as the primary endpoint. To compare the intensity of lesions on 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA PET, both readers determined the SUVs (SUVmax, SUVmean) and tumour-to-background ratio (ratio of lesion SUVmax and background SUVmean) in up to 5 concordant lesions between 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA PET/CT as an exploratory endpoint. Clinical trial information: NCT04839367 .


"Natality Statistics Analysis: United States, 1962," a recent publication of the National Center for Health Statistics (who prepared this abstract), is the first report of Series 21, presenting natality statistics and their analysis. The report, prepared by the Center's Division of Vital Statistics, makes use of information obtained from microfilm copies of the original certificates of live births from the fifty states and other special areas.
 According to the report, 1962 marked the tenth consecutive year in which births exceeded four million in the United States. It marked the fifth year in which the birth rate— based on the number of live births per 1,000 population—continued to decline since the last peak year of 1957.


Abstract: Discussions were held on the clinical properties and the prognosis of 13 adolescent manic‐depressive cases. The precipitating factors were significantly frequent in the first episodes. In general, the successive episodes seemed to become somewhat longer as far as the mixed or atypical episodes were concerned. In addition, the cycle‐duration and the length of intervals seemed also to become longer along with an increase in age. Besides the atypicalness in clinical pictures, we emphasized on the frequent changes in phase‐components even within a few months.


This article discusses about Islamic thinking on religious diversity in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the most pluralist countries in the world because of its diverse ethnic groups and religions. Although the majority of its population are Muslim, the country has become neither a religious nor a secular state. In this country, every citizen regardless of his or her religious background has the freedom to express their belief and faith as long as they abide to the religious tolerance established by the state  (kerukunan hidup beragama) , and does not impinge on other religious institutions. DOI:  10.15408/sdi.v17i2.464


Physical inactivity and unhealthy nutrition are major contributors to the obesity epidemic in the United States and abroad. While some research studies addressed different resources for obesity prevention, there is little evidence that churches are addressing the topic of obesity prevention through healthful nutrition and physical exercise among their congregants. Therefore, a qualitative study was designed to explore the attitudes of church pastors regarding the role of the church in addressing obesity prevention and examine the influence of knowledge on the leaders' decision to present the topic directly from the pulpit. This study utilized the grounded theory method. The Pastoral Obesity Knowledge Assessment Guide was an interview tool created by the researcher for data collection in the study using the Precaution Adoption Process Model framework. Twenty participants from Southern Baptist and nondenominational churches were interviewed over the phone or in person for data collection. Content analysis of the data using constant comparison revealed key findings that obesity awareness is not a key influence in directly discussing the subject. The emerging theory revealed that the roles and functions of the church as an institution addressing obesity prevention are reflected in views of the roles and functions of the pastor in working with the congregations and communities. Major recommendations include health professionals working with pastors to clarify the roles, functions and needs of themselves in the church in order to increase health and wellness ministry programs for congregants. The implications for social change may include improving effectiveness of the function of the church as an institution promoting health and healing thus reducing the incidence and prevalence of chronic disease in communities.


We consider a vector, discrete, time sequence x(n), n = 0, ± 1 ···, of p components Xj (n), j = 1, ··· p. For the most part we shall assume x(n) to be strictly stationary and with finite variances. Thus if μ is the mean vector we shall have


Repeated measures designs are widely used in the field of anesthesiology because they allow the detection of within-person change over time and provide a higher statistical power for detecting differences than a single measure design while reducing the costs and efforts to conduct a study. However, the complex process of calculating the sample size for repeated measures design requires profound statistical knowledge and also programming skills in some instances. In the present article, the author describes 1) the basic statistics for repeated measures design, 2) the explanation for G Power software, and 3) how to calculate the sample size using an example. (Anesth Pain Med 2015; 10: 6-15)


A low-power, low-noise fully-integrated LNA has been studied operating the MOSFET in the moderated-inversion region. The most influential device for NF of the fully-integrated LNA is the parasitic resistance of the gate inductor, so the inductance of the gate inductor should be low, however, it exhibits a lower gain, therefore, gate size optimization is needed. In this work, 920 MHz cascode amplifiers with $W$ of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm were studied. As result, 1.0 mm gate width exhibits optimum, s21 and NF showed 16.9 dB and 2.30 dB with 1.28 mW power consumption. TSMC 180-nm CMOS process was used.


Abstract The addition of copper to an artificial diet improves growth and survival of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.), the optimum concentrations being 2 μg/g for females and 10 μg/g for males. This sex difference in requirements is attributed in part to the accumulation of copper by the larval testis. Adult males showing a loss in pigmentation, the so-called 'albino' males, are obtained on diets low in copper; the percentage of 'albino' males is increased by the addition of vitamin E to the diet. The pigmentation effect of vitamin E is explained by movement of copper into the testis, the development of which is stimulated by vitamin E.


The effect of titanium white, zinc white and lead white on the drying properties of poppy, walnut and linseed oil are analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All of the fresh films undergo complex thermal transitions between -100 and O°C. For some of the dried films subambient transitions that resemble glass transitions occur at about -30 O°C. After exposure to certain solvents, these sub-ambient transitions disappear or are reduced significantly. It is suggested that samples with diminished sub-ambient transitions become more brittle as a result of the loss of materials that act as plasticizers.


Co-condensation of germanium or tin atoms with carbon monoxide doped krypton at 20 K leads to the formation of germanium or tin carbonyls; these are detected by i.r. spectroscopy.


Late oral radiation toxicity is a common condition occurring in a considerable percentage of head and neck cancer patients after radiation therapy which reduces their quality of life. The current examination of these patients is based on a visual inspection of the surface of the oral cavity; however, it is well known that many of the complications start in the subsurface layers before any superficial manifestation. Considering the currently suboptimal examination techniques, we address this clinical problem by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to monitor the subsurface oral layers with micron-scale resolution images. A spectral-domain OCT system and a specialized oral imaging probe were designed and built for a clinical study to image late oral radiation toxicity patients. In addition to providing qualitative 2D and 3D images of the subsurface oral layers, quantitative metrics were developed to assess the back-scattering and thickness properties of different layers. Metric derivations are explained and preliminary results from late radiation toxicity patients and healthy volunteers are presented and discussed.


THE purpose of this study is to bring together large geographical studies of dental disease among relatively homogeneous groups, plot them on maps, and apply statistical analysis to the plots. Such methods may lead to the recognition of etiological factors hitherto unstudied in their relation to dental disease. A number of reports have been made upon the geographical variations in dental disease found in military populations within the United States.1`4 One study of children made by the United States Public Health Service5 is large enough to give regional and often local comparisons. A few studies are available from other parts of the world showing variations in dental disease within widespread but racially somewhat homogeneous groups.6-8 Although some efforts have been made by the authors of these studies and others9' 10 to identify broad geographical factors which may be expected to influence dental disease anywhere in the world, much remains to be done in the plotting, analysis, and rationalization of the material which is available. The term "dental disease" is used advisedly because, in lack of more accurate case histories, one cannot exclude teeth lost for reasons other than caries. Above the age of 40 or 50 years, tooth losses from periodontal disease may easily exceed losses from caries. Nevertheless, studies of decayed, missing, and filled teeth among children or young adults and of military acceptance based upon these conditions may be presumed to be predominantly studies of caries. The difficulty of obtaining accurate dental data from large geographic areas is tremendous, even when populations are racially and socioeconomically relatively homogeneous. Existing nationwide surveys are far from ideal. Claude Bernard states appropriately that "we never compile statistics when we can possibly avoid it" and that "statistics -deal with probability, never certainty. " Nevertheless, probabilities are of interest when we are dealing with a disease which, like caries, seems to have multiple causation., The larger the population groups to be studied, the more unknown variables which are likely to be present, but also the greater the chance that these variables will even out. We must do the best we can with the material we have. Any patterns seen consistently in large studies should be taken seriously.


Does an absolute assignment of a company's book debts require registration under section 131(1) of the Companies Act? Prior to the enactment of the new Bankruptcy Act in 1995 registration was not required. Section 131(1) applied - and continues to apply - only to charges. It was trite that a discount or a sale of book debts constituted an absolute assignment and hence did not constitute a charge. Such an arrangement was, accordingly, not encompassed by section 131. This principle was underscored by section 2 of the Bills of Sale Act, under which choses in action do not constitute personal chattels.


An understanding of channel geomorphic responses to various human-caused and natural disturbances is important for effective management, conservation, and rehabilitation of rivers and streams to accommodate multiple, often conflicting, needs. For example, channel changes may have implications for various needs including water supply, infrastructure, navigation, and habitat. Human-caused disturbances include reservoir construction and operation, and channelization. Natural disturbances include floods and droughts. Possible geomorphic responses of a channel to disturbances include channel-bed erosion or deposition, channel widening or narrowing, and channel straightening.


The eri-6/7 locus (Fischer et al., 2008) is defined by a number of mutations, most of which were isolated in a forward genetic screen for eri mutants. However, two mutations were not (Table 1). One mutation, eri-6/7(mg411), was found as a background mutation that causes a transgene silencing phenotype that was subsequently mapped to the eri-7 gene. This mutation was present in a Ruvkun and Ausubel lab N2 strain 10 years ago and thus was likely introduced into the background of the strains where it has been detected via backcrossing. The lesion was not found in any of the N2 strains currently held at the CGC. Another mutation, eri-6/7(mg441), was found in a strain acquired from the CGC and is a deletion of the eri-6 gene. It is likely to be a spontaneous deletion resulting from recombination between the direct repeats flanking this gene. Unlike other eri mutants, mutants of eri-6 and -7 do not display a temperature-sensitive sterility phenotype, or a high incidence of males phenotype. They do show a generally enhanced RNAi response, similar to eri-1(mg366), that can be easily tested in feeding RNAi assays for lin-1, hmr-1 and unc-73.


Objective:To investigate the infection of Capillaria hepatica in rodents in Wenzhou district, thus to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of hepatic capillariasis and to explore the feasibility of white mice infected with larvae of C. hepatica transcutaneously and intraperitoneally. Methods:The eggs of C.hepatica were found and isolated from the livers of positive rodents collected in Wenzhou and were artificially hatched into larvae to infect mice transcutaneously and intraperitoneally.Results: The total infection rate of C. hepatica in wild rodents was 18.3%. However, infection rates evidently varied in rodents of different species or captured from different places, and infection rates as well as infectiosities increased with the increase of age of wild rodents. It was indicated that the larvae of C. hepatica were able to infect white mice transcutaneously or intraperitoneally.Conclusion:Different kinds of wild rodents were infected with C. hepatica and the occurrence of human hepatic capillariasis should be watched out. [FK(WB80011。5]