tjince 1985, the United States and Mexico have had a number of bilateral agreements addressing important economic and political issues. In June of 1990, President George Bush and President Carlos Salinas de Gortari formally agreed that the development of a comprehensive United States-Mexico Free Trade Agreement (FTA), aimed at reducing in the short-run and eliminating in the long-run tariff and non-tariff trade barriers, would be the best way to broaden and improve bilateral economic relations and strengthen the competitiveness of both countries. In August 1990, under the recommendation of both countries' trade representatives, both Presidents agreed to begin trade negotiations for a United States-Mexico FTA. Subsequently, Canada, with whom the United States signed an FTA in 1988, expressed interest in joining the United States-Mexico FTA negotiations in September 1990. In February 1991, the governments of the United States, Mexico, and Canada announced the desire to develop a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). In May 1991, an extension of "fast track" authority to continue negotiations of the proposed NAFTA through July 1993 was approved by Congress in the United States; formal negotiations for NAFTA began on June 12, 1991.


We introduce a new linear array of GaAs planar photoconductive detectors for multichannel applications. After a description of the device, its electrical properties are described in terms of its specific detectivity. Then, the results of a performance test of the photoconductor array as a detection system in a multichannel Raman spectrometer are presented.


The objective of the present investigation aimed to determine the sexual maturity of a commercially important ornamental foothill fish Barilius barna from the Tamsa stream of Doon Valley, Uttarakhand, India. To comprehend its maturation biology, the study was carried out for a period of one year by applying the Dobriyal index and Gonado-somatic index. The values of D.I. and G.S.I. for both the sexes were observed maximum in the month of May and June respectively and minimum in August, indicating its absolute spawning period during the month of June to August.


ous subjects such as philosophy, government, and literature. Essay 54 is entitled shigaku !fe^, which Naito compares with the historical essays by Wang Fu-chih (1619-1692) (pp. 391-403). In a sense, Hu and Wang are comparable: Hu was from Hupeh and Wang from Hunan. And their works were published only in the middle of the Ch'ing, many years after their deaths. Hu's opinion about history, however, seems much less original than that of Wang, and consequently has exerted much less influence. Incidentally, Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period, edited by Dr. A. W. Hummel (Washington, 1944) devotes almost four columns to a biography of Wang (pp. 817-818) but does not mention either Hu or his t-cbih.


Disturbing Practice: Reading Teacher Education as Text is a critical study of learning to teach. Following six prospective teachers through their twelve-month university-and practicum-based experiences, Avner Segall explores how particular versions and visions of education, teaching, and learning are made possible in preservice education and what they, in turn, make possible for those learning to teach. Using critical lenses to disturb current practices of teacher education, this book extends traditional explorations of how prospective teachers learn to manage ideas and theories in teacher education classrooms to an examination of how the use of ideas and theories in those very classrooms manages those who attempt to engage them. In doing so, this book highlights and critically engages a variety of issues in teacher education to bring more of what is (and what is not) done in preservice education into the fold of the discussion both about and in teacher education. What and how is it that prospective teachers learn, do not learn, and learn not to learn in preservice education? How do the structures, discourses, and practices of teacher education operate to "invite" prospective teachers to learn some things rather than others? What implications do the above have for prospective teachers' own learning in institutions of higher education and for the kind of learning they provide when they become teachers of others?


One of the key considerations in the design of automated liquid water target systems for reliable {sup 18}F{sup {minus}} production is the inclusion of adequate sensing devices for remote feedback of individual process operation status. The process operations needed to generate, extract and deliver {sup 18}F{sup {minus}} to the Hot Lab for subsequent chemistry are not very complex. These involve configuring target valves for access during loading of enriched water, filling the target with water, reconfiguring the target valves so that it is sealed during irradiation, and finally emptying the target contents after irradiation. At the lowest level of remote sensing of these operations is the act of determining whether target valves are actually in their correct configuration for a specific step. Sensing the filling or emptying status of the target is perhaps the most crucial feedback for reliable target performance. Sensing the presence, or absence, of liquid water can be accomplished by measuring some physical property of the substance in that phase. The use of electrical conductivity meters is one method we have discussed in the past in relation to the remote sensing of metal cations to determine the presence of water. Likewise, refractive index is another property ofmore » water that can be harnessed for sensing the liquid`s presence. The performance of an optical sensor in the BNL JSW beamline for routine production of {sup 18}F{sup {minus}} is discussed.« less


The exhumation and cooling rates of high-grade metamorphic rocks are crucial for inferring orogenic processes and understanding the regimes of heat transport in the Earth's crust. Quantification of these rates remains challenging for Precambrian terranes, because the temporal resolution of geochronology becomes coarser in deeper geological time. This limitation is partly reflected by a striking lack of Proterozoic or older short-duration events (<10 Myr); most documented cases of fast metamorphism are confined to the Phanerozoic. In this study, we use garnet geospeedometry to explore the metamorphic rates of Paleoproterozoic high-grade rocks from two representative areas within the long-lived (1·95–1·80 Ga) Jiao-Liao-Ji orogenic belt, North China Craton. The pelitic granulites in the Taipingzhuang area record high-pressure granulite-facies (HPG) metamorphism of ∼12 kbar and ∼800 °C, followed by a fast decompression-cooling to ∼5 kbar and ∼600 °C within ∼5 Myr, at c. 1·87 Ga. The pelitic granulites in the Rizhuang area document a brief (<1 Myr) thermal excursion to ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism of ∼8 kbar and ∼940 °C at c. 1·85 Ga, followed by a fast cooling to ∼600 °C within 1–5 Myr. In light of available geological data, the fast decompression-cooling of HPG granulites is interpreted as the syn-collisional exhumation of thickened lower crustal segments at c. 1·87 Ga, most probably through tectonic extrusion. The thermal excursion transiently reaching UHT conditions is inferred to be triggered by localized syn-metamorphic mafic intrusions in association with magmatic underplating during post-collisional extension at c. 1·85 Ga. These metamorphic pulses were interspersed within the protracted Paleoproterozoic orogenesis and require geodynamic processes resembling modern plate tectonics. Notably, these ancient rapid events are beyond the temporal resolution of commonly used in situ geochronology, which tends to yield apparent longer durations given errors and uncertainties. We therefore note that most ancient metamorphic rates might be underestimated using geochronological data, and recommend garnet geospeedometry as a promising alternative approach. The largely similar rates recorded by Paleoproterozoic and Phanerozoic orogens, as well as high-pressure metamorphism at 1·9–1·8 Ga, support the operation of modern plate tectonics in Paleoproterozoic time.


The purpose of this research work is to study technoparks and industrial innovation centers of the Carpathian region as the latest spatial industrial localities. Method. The researcher has used both general scientific methods, in particular analysis, scientific synthesis, analytical method, methods of comparison and generalization, as well as special ones: cartographic, modeling and forecasting the development of monosystems. Scientific novelty. The article has analyzed scientific approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of «industrial territorial system», reveals the specifics of the functioning of technopark structures in EU countries, has characterized the activities of technoparks in the Carpathian region. It had been determined that the industrial territorial system of the Carpathian region, which is a set of traditional links (clusters of industrial enterprises of old and modern type) and innovative links (technology parks, industrial parks, science parks, industrial technology transfer centers, innovative industrial business incubators, etc.) has deformed territorial structure. All links are unevenly located on the territory, very often they are far from the concentration of labor force necessary for their full functioning. The connections between individual links of the industrial monosystem are poorly developed, and the management of both the industrial system in general and individual links is difficult due to the imperfection of the existing legislation. Improvement of the situation is possible under the condition of development and implementation of a comprehensive state program for the development of the industrial territorial system of the Carpathian region in general and its regions. Practical meaning. The results of this study contribute to a deeper socio-geographical understanding of the processes of monodevelopment of socio-geographical systems, their genesis, the peculiarities of their flow and provide an opportunity to model their prospective development, to achieve the expected results because of long-term transformation. They can be used for further research of monosystems of different hierarchical levels, as well as for the development of practical recommendations and programs for the development of territorial industrial monosystems.


In a road traffic simulation apparatus that express es a plurality of mobile units and road traffic environments on a computer to simulate traffic situ at ons in association with a plurality of mobile units, each of the mobile units is expressed by a c ombination of a driver model, a model of driving operations of a virtual driver, and a vehicle dynam ics model, a model of physical behaviors of a mobile unit. The mobile units are programmed to tra vel independently to each other in a road traffic environment that is expressed on the computer. Foreign Application Priority Data References Cited [Referenced By] U.S. Patent Documents ( 1 of 1 ) United States Patent 7,487,074 Ohtsu , et al. February 3, 2009 Inventors: Ohtsu; Akihiko (Saitama, JP), Torii; Toyotaka (Saitama, JP), Sawada; Yasuhiro (Saitama, JP), Watari; Katsuyoshi (Saitama, JP), Hashimoto; Yuichi (Saitama, JP), Kuroda; Mitsuhide (Saitama, JP) Assignee:Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, JP) Appl. No.: 10/738,661 Filed: December 16, 2003 Dec 17, 2002 [JP] 2002-365708 Current U.S. Class: 703/8 ; 463/6; 701/117; 701/200; 701/201; 703/6 Current International Class: G06G 7/48 (20060101) Field of Search: 701/117,201,200 434/29,63,61 703/8,6 455/456.5 5177685 January 1993 Davis et al. 5660547 August 1997 Copperman 6028550 February 2000 Froeberg et al. 6580973 June 2003 Leivian et al. 6587781 July 2003 Feldman et al. Page 1 of 20 United States Patent: 7487074 09/03/2009 http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph -Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p ... Foreign Patent Documents Primary Examiner: Shah; Kamini S Assistant Examiner: Luu; Cuong V Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fenwick & West LLP Claims


Routine antenatal care (the type of care taught at our medical schools, and which consentrate on disease and not on the person with the disease) fails to recognise the widely differing need; of the individual woman. With a patient, centred approach, the doctor can create an opportunity (perhaps the only one! )
for the pregnant to talk about her feelings and fears and help her address them positively. This change of attitude towards pregnancy may have a remarkable influence on the outcome of pregnancy. A patient history is given to illustrate the approach.


In this article, we attempt to map out (female) cyberpornography, based on the assumption that the human body is fundamental in defining the modern subject. Cyberspace thus resembles a public laboratory of recording and studying contemporary attitudes towards the body (including its social shaping and sexual utilization). The scope of this concise study pertains to a careful analysis of characteristic webpages of pornographic content, where the female sexual body is implicitly re-produced as an image and practice. Through survey methodology, we aim to record, present and discuss how the female body is depicted, segmented, embellished and worshipped in pornsites. We also refer to the various ways pornography is expressed on the Internet - for instance, user's personal pages, camera girls and MySpace. Our main conclusion is that, on the one hand, cyberporn reproduces central notions of modern Western societies, where the female body becomes an instrument (or an object/commodity), and, on the other hand, it can sometimes critically operate as a mechanism of resistance, against the logic of commercialization.


Summary The effect of recombinant human and murine interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) on granulocytes was investigated in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic rhinitis and compared with those from patients with plaque psoriasis and normal non‐atopic controls. Granulocyte activation was measured as lucigenin‐dependent chemiluminescence (CL) and release of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) as well as by scanning‐ and transmission‐electron microscopy (EM) and the ultrastructural detection of production of H2O2 A significant direct effect of both human and murine IL‐5 on granulocyte oxidative metabolism could only be detected in those patients with AD and allergic rhinitis. Also, as compared to normal controls, significantly increased CL responses were observed in these patients with stimulation with other granulocyte‐activating cytokines. particularly GM‐CSF. In patients with psoriasis there was no significant increase in response to stimulation with TNFα. TNEβ or GM‐CSF. but IL‐5 induced slight but significant CL responses in the granulocytes. None of the cytokines tested significantly stimulated the release of ECP in any of the groups.


Non-Gaussianity and B-mode polarization are particularly interesting features of the cosmic microwave background, as--at least in the standard model of cosmology--their only sources to first order in cosmological perturbation theory are primordial, possibly generated during inflation. If the primordial sources are small, the question arises how large is the non-Gaussianity and B-mode background induced in second order from the initially Gaussian and scalar perturbations. In this paper we derive the Boltzmann hierarchy for the microwave background photon phase-space distributions at second order in cosmological perturbation theory including the complete polarization information, providing the basis for further numerical studies. As an aside we note that the second-order collision term contains new sources of B-mode polarization and that no polarization persists in the tight-coupling limit.


The capabilities of a trace contamination analyzer are discussed and demonstrated. This analytical tool utilizes an electrospray, time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (ES‐TOF‐MS) for fully automated on‐line monitoring of wafer cleaning solutions. The analyzer provides rich information on metallic, anionic, cationic, elemental, and organic species through its ability to provide harsh (elemental) and soft (molecular) ionization under both positive and negative modes. It is designed to meet semiconductor process control and yield management needs for the ever increasing complex new chemistries present in wafer fabrication.


Purpose: This study's purpose was to explore professional career paths into physical education teacher education. Methods: Participants included 27 physical education teacher educators with an average of 20.2 years of experience selected from among attendees at international conferences, using a combination of convenience and purposive sampling. Data sources included semistructured interviews, living graphs, and participant vitae. Results: Findings describe intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors to pursue a professional role change and the selection of a doctoral program including: (a) prompted by others, (b) self-initiated, and (c) forced choice. After deciding to pursue a doctoral degree, program choice was predicated by disciplinary and institutional, as well as idiosyncratic and personal considerations. Conclusions: Understanding how and why participants repositioned themselves from their current roles into doctoral education has important implications for further research and practice to enhance the quality of doctoral education.


Hyperspectral images are used to produce effective solutions in many areas due to the number of information they have. However, the number of information they provide may not bring an advantage always, in contrast, it may cause confusion sometimes. In this study, we propose a machine learning-based classification method on the reduced bands using median and mean filters. The proposed method is tested on Indian Pines, Pavia University and Salinas datasets. After applying normalization, median filter and mathematical morphology for each band in an image, a feature matrix with only one band is achieved. Then, the most significant features are selected by using relief feature selection algorithm. The selected features are used for classification with support vector machine and K nearest neighbourhood. For all methods and datasets, a success rate above 99% in terms of accuracy is achieved. The proposed method has two significant contributions. First, when the proposed method is compared with the similar studies in the literature, it is clearly seen that the features selected by relief algorithm significantly increase the success rate of classification algorithms. Second significant contribution of using relief algorithm is obtaining faster methods by reducing the number of hyperspectral bands.


The Third Asiatic Expedition secured in 1923 a considerable collection of fossil mammals from the Ardyn Obo formation. It adds materially to the small faunal list published by us in 1923,2 and affords a somewhat more exact correlation with other Mongolian Tertiaries and with the Tertiary succession in North America and western Europe. The Cadurcotherium skulls have been described by Osborn3; the smaller Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla and the Brontops skull will be described in forthcoming numbers of Novttates.


Manganese Peroxidase (MnP) is a glycosylated heme protein, which occurs mostly as a number of isozymes. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) has been implicated in lignin degradation and thus has potential applications in pulp and paper bleaching, enzymatic remediation and the textile industry. MnPs have molecular weights in the range of 45-55 kDa . This is the most frequently encountered peroxidase among degraders of lignin. Manganese is an absolute requirement for expression of MnP in several lignin-degrading fungi. In present study Penicillium oxalicum isolate -1 isolated from wood with lignin degrading activity tested positive for MnP activity using Sundaman & Nase method (1971) and Warishi and Gold (1992) Mn II method. Manganese Peroxidase isolated form Penicillium oxalicum isolate-1 was purified and characterized. MnP was purified using ion exchange, gel filtration chromatography and Con-A sepharose affinity chromatography. Homogeneity of the enzyme was checked by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). The purified MnP has a Relative Molecular Weight (Mr) of 46 kDa. It is monomeric and glycoprotein in nature. The pH optimum is 5.0. It was able to oxidize Mn II to Mn .The Vmax and Km of the MnP with respect to H2O2 and Mn II were determined. The MnP obtained from P.oxalicum isolate-1 was utilized for delignification of paper pulp and kraft liquor. The MnP can be potentially also utilized for pretreatment of agriculture wastes and their further use in cellulosic alcohol production.


Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is a very serious pest of cow pea in storage in Nigeria and many other oountries (Singh, 1977; Tindall, 1983). Damaged seeds are riddled with emergence holes, defaced with egg covers and have reduced viability. Heavy attack causes severe powdering and weight loss. In Nigeria, about 30–60% loss in cow pea is attributed to infestation and damage by bruchid beetles over a 3- to 6-month storage period, of which over 90% is caused by C. maculatus alone (Caswell, 1981).


This paper identifies new modes of writing as practice in art-research. It asks how such work can be evaluated and in what ways the new work helps determine the contribution of art-research. The paper considers how we might teach related forms of writing encountered increasingly in studio practice.
 It is a common experience in research to find work's stable unfolding confounded. In the particular case considered here, something that appears to be a conclusion arrives at the wrong moment, too early. In one sense this event of research practice is trivial in its familiarity. But its more significant and less easily graspable quality becomes evident when the untimely finding resists being held in reserve, as might normally be the case, to be added rhetorically at the end; instead it insists on being exposed at the moment it appears in the working process, thus affecting the ordered development of research in a peculiar way such that research is made to differ from itself.
Perhaps in the majority of cases, art-research progresses with the use of preconceived methodologies reproduced with minimal self-reflexivity. This paper identifies a different, strategic engagement with such reproduction, which, it is proposed, gives art-research a new and important determination. In this sense the paper engages with the conference theme of 'mimesis'.
An example is found in the work of Georges Perec—whose writing is useful in discussions of art-research due to its ambivalence towards literary discipline. In his novel Life A User's Manual (1978) an unexpected and strategic mimesis comes to break the ordered temporality of the writer's work, introducing an event or 'crisis' with significant consequences. When measured alongside others from art-research, this case begins to expose a kind of research writing with extra-disciplinary relevance, pointing to an as-yet unthought future for art.


Fair-value accounting insists that investors be provided with more valuable decision-making information with more relevant financial reports.New accounting principle resorts to fair-value accounting in a big scale.It proves that investors show great concern to the fair-value information and make investing decisions with the help of it,which in turn proves fair-value accounting can enhance the relevance of accounting information and provides substantial support to the policy makers in introducing this accounting method.


Exoplanets smaller than Neptune are common around red dwarf stars (M dwarfs), with those that transit their host star constituting the bulk of known temperate worlds amenable for atmospheric characterization. We analyze the masses and radii of all known small transiting planets around M dwarfs, identifying three populations: rocky, water-rich, and gas-rich. Our results are inconsistent with the previously known bimodal radius distribution arising from atmospheric loss of a hydrogen/helium envelope. Instead, we propose that a density gap separates rocky from water-rich exoplanets. Formation models that include orbital migration can explain the observations: Rocky planets form within the snow line, whereas water-rich worlds form outside it and later migrate inward. Description Separating rocky from watery exoplanets The radii of small transiting exoplanets have a bimodal distribution, usually interpreted as planets with and without a thick atmosphere. Luque and Pallé demonstrate that the planets' densities (which require measurements of both mass and radius) provide a cleaner separation between the populations than radii alone, at least for exoplanets orbiting red dwarf stars (see the Perspective by Teske). They found that one group is consistent with a purely rocky composition, whereas another group matches a model of 50% rock and 50% water. This split between rocky and water-rich planets could reflect where they formed in their planetary systems, before orbital migration. —KTS The density of exoplanets orbiting red dwarf stars separates into rocky and water-rich populations.


When paralleled inverters feed a common load, it is required that the load is shared according to their power ratings. In this paper, the robust droop controller (RDC) proposed in the literature for achieving accurate proportional power sharing for paralleled inverters is implemented in a way to ensure a bounded closed-loop performance. Using non-linear Lyapunov methods, it is shown that the controller structure permits the control input to stay within a predefined range. While maintaining the main theory of the RDC, the proposed bounded droop controller (BDC) is proven to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system in the sense of boundedness for the general load case given in the generalized dissipative Hamiltonian form, which can describe both linear and non-linear load dynamics. Extended simulation results for two single-phase inverters operated in parallel are presented to verify the effectiveness of the BDC for both a linear and a non-linear load case scenario.


The art of mirror work contains Islamic geometric patterns that are used to decorate the interior surfaces of buildings by creating regular shapes in various designs and patterns with small and large pieces of mirrors, and is well received in contemporary Iranian art. The result of this completely Islamic art is the creation of a bright and radiant atmosphere that arises from the successive reflection of light in countless pieces of mirrors. How to play Iranian-Islamic mirror work in modern and contemporary Iranian art is the subject of the present study and the intention is to identify and explain how the effect of mirror work in presenting the works of this artist by emphasizing the works of Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmanian. Therefore, the main question is how the mirror has been reflected in the new Iranian art and how Monir Farmanfarmaeian has used the geometric patterns of the mirror in presenting new works of art. To achieve the desired goals, a qualitative research method with a descriptive-analytical nature was adopted and the studied works collected through library resources were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Also, the sampling method has been done purposefully in line with the research objectives with emphasis on the works of Monir Farmanfarmaeian. Finally, the results showed that Monir Farmanfarmaeian's artworks can be identified along postmodern currents such as conceptual, pop and minimal art with the praise of Iranian-Islamic mirror art and contain metaphysical and metaphorical references with the capacity to present the concept of art.


The four dimensional Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) approach to quantum gravity is already more than ten years old theory with numerous unprecedented predictions such as non-trivial phase structure of gravitational field and dimensional running. Here, we discuss possible empirical consequences of CDT derived based on the two features of the approach mentioned above. A possibility of using both astrophysical and cosmological observations to test CDT is discussed. We show that scenarios which can be ruled out at the empirical level exist.


Thought disorder has been rather neglected as a topic of research in recent years, in comparison with other aspects of schizophrenia. This trend can be partly attributed to the preoccupation with Schneiderian and empirical diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia, which give more weight to delusional and hallucinatory phenomena than to formal thought disorder. However, a small number of research workers have been studying the problem, despite its difficulties and unfashionable nature. The authors of this book, Martin Harrow and Donald Quinlan, are among these, having maintained an interest in thought disorder for over a decade. In this book they bring together their many published studies on the topic. The book is well structured, although rather too long for its material. The authors start by listing the main theories for the origin of schizophrenic thought disorder (e.g. overinclusion, concrete thinking, etc.) and then state how they set about testing each theory. They use adequate numbers of patients and appropriate controls. They also use standard diagnostic criteria, the New Haven Index, although unfortunately this is not one of the more reliable or valid schemes. They state their own view early on in the book, namely that the best description of schizophrenic thought disorder is 'bizarreidiosyncratic' thinking. The cause of this, in their view, is unclear, but two factors play a major role and several others a minor role. There is 'intermingling'-the inappropriate intrusion of personal preoccupations into neutral conversations. There is also 'impaired perspective' the patient cannot 'monitor or edit out material that is not in tune with the overall social situation'. These are the main factors, according to them. When they examined the influence of other well-known factors concreteness, loose associations, drive-dominated thinking (e.g. sexual preoccupation), category overinclusion and stimulus overinclusion they found that each occurred in a minority of patients but that none was of overriding significance. This, then, is an outline of what is a good but rather wordy book. Before examining their conclusions, I have some comments to make on their method. In concluding that schizophrenic thought is bizarre and idiosyncratic, the authors rely on a semi-structured rating scheme of how the patient interprets proverbs or answers questions on general intelligence. For example, in response to the proverb 'Barking dogs seldom bite', one patient said ' A bear in a tree is worth two in the zoo'. It seems to me that while the authors are correct in regarding this as a bizarre or idiosyncratic reply, to conclude that bizarreness or idiosyncrasy is the most characteristic feature of schizophrenia is trivial. It adds nothing to what Jaspers recognized 70 years ago as the hallmark of schizophrenics the un-understandability of their mental life. In general, the authors rely on projective tests in reaching this conclusion and in excluding other explanations, and I think that they should have been more adventurous in examining reasons why this is the case. To be fair, they do suggest that some of the bizarreness is caused by the intrusion of personal preoccupations and an inability to take into account the needs of the listener, but they do not take the next step and ask why this should be the case. Also, their evidence that schizophrenics do not take heed of the social context of their communication is not impressive. For example, in answer to the question, 'Why should we keep away from bad company?' one patient replied ' I've got a lot of friends that do a lot of dope. It's better to stay away from it so I can dry myself out.' This reply was regarded as idiosyncratic, although it appears to me quite sensible. The authors' claim that schizophrenics are less socially aware has to be supported by stronger evidence, and that can only come from more standardized, multiple choice tests which compare social and non-social bizarre answers.


Redundant robots play an important role in intelligent manufacturing, rescue and relief work, and space exploration. However, motion planning of redundant robots with unknown structural information is a tricky problem. In addition, if the orientation of the end-effector of a redundant robot is not considered, a task may be failed due to the change of orientation. To solve this problem, a data-driven double-level motion planning scheme is proposed, which is formulated at the joint acceleration level to minimize the norm of the joint velocity, with orientation maintaining of the end-effector and the multiple physical constraints of joints considered. Furthermore, a discrete neural dynamics solver is constructed to solve the proposed scheme online. Theoretical analysis, computer simulations, and experiments verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed data-driven double-level motion planning scheme for redundant robots.


This work presents a detailed study of various notions of Jacques Ranciere (partition of the sensible, politics and police, process of subjectivization, regime of identification) towards a further understanding of the pair Aesthetics-Politics. The emphasis is set on the observation of the power of this perspective in relation to issues such as art autonomy or the possibility of intervening in the community politics. On the other hand, this paper problematically unfolds the scope of the author's proposal, particularly in regard to the manner in which the identification regime, distinctive of our times, is introduced.


The affinity of gold particles to thiolated DNA strands with complementary sequences has been utilized extensively for self-assembly systems in the scale ranging from micrometers to nanometers. This paper represents a new approach based on the method of protein-based self-assembly system using the property which has been employed in protein purifications for years that Ni-NTA (nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid) resin shows remarkable selectivity to proteins containing an affinity tag of amino acid residues cassette composed of six consecutive histidine residues, i.e., 6xHis tag. The designs and utilities of protein-based self-assembly system can be carried out with: (1) antibody/antigen-based self-assembly, (2) receptor/ligand-based self-assembly, (3) oligopeptide/oligopeptide-based self-assembly, and (4) DNA/DNA-binding protein-based self-assembly, etc. The modification of proteins with 6xHis tags, for being immobilized on the Ni-NTA pre-coated inorganic materials, can be prepared using commercialized protein expression systems or developed peptide synthetic techniques. The modified proteins would be linked onto the treated particles dictated by the affinity between Ni-NTA and 6xHis moiety. Then, mixing the two different proteins linked particles would cause the self-assembly between two particles via the interactions of utilized protein-based self-assembly systems. In addition to the demonstrated model using the affinity of 6xHis tags to chelated nickel ions proposed in this study, protein with exposed imidazole rings of histidines also have affinity for certain transition metal ions, such as Mn/sup 2+/, Fe/sup 3+/, Co/sup 2+/, Cu/sup 2+/, and Zn/sup 2+/, etc., for linking up the proteins or oligopeptides to inorganic materials. Due to the development of genetic engineering and solid phase peptide synthesis technologies, the ease of producing recombinant proteins or synthetic oligopeptides makes the choice of protein-based self-assembly materials more versatile and convenient than its counterparts. The protein-based self-assembly systems with cassette tags can be options in addition to the well known DNA-based self-assembly method, i.e., the affinity of gold particles to thiolated DNA strands with complementary sequences, thus broaden up the scope for "bottom-up" fabrication approaches in nanotechnology.


Abstract : The stability of a frequency remote control system under the action pulse noise with a known law of amplitude distribution is determined. The influence of the structure and parameters of a receiver upon its noise stability is investigated. A method s examined for calculating the noise stability of codes with series and parallel transmission of subcarriers. The optimum pass band is calculate for a receiver under the simultaneous action of pulsating and fluctuating noise. The effect of the nature of the noise-pulse sequence on stability is examined. (Author)


A retrospective and prospective study was made of 82 attacks of acute pancreatitis occurring in 80 patients. Attacks were defined as mild (55) or severe (27) according to clinical criteria. Severe attacks were associated with significantly low levels of uncorrected calcium and calculated ionized calcium, both at the time of admission and 48 h later.


We present a new, approximate technique for estimating the polarization energy of point defects near interfaces in layered systems using semiconductor device simulation combined with a finite element quadrature technique. We show that we recapture the original, spherical Jost approximation in a homogeneous, infinite solid, as well as reproducing the exact result for a point charge near the interface of two dielectrics. We apply this technique to the silicon-silicon dioxide system for doped substrates, and for devices under bias. We show that the correction to calculated, bulk defect levels depends mildly on the distance from the interface. It depends more strongly on the substrate doping density. Finally, there is a significant dependence on gate bias. These results must be considered for proposed models for negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) that invoke tunneling from the silicon band edges into localized oxide traps.


A CASE OF MOLLUSCUM FIBROSUM. (By A. MARMADUKE SHEILD, M.B., F.R.C.S., Assistant Surgeon.) Miss G., aged 34, single, consulted me on December 9th, 1891. She was pale and anaemic, and stated that " for many years " she had been troubled with a tumour of the buttock. Fourteen years ago a London surgeon removed it, and the bleeding was so severe that she nearly died. The tumour was stated by some medical men to be fatty in nature. It was obvious that the patient was suffering from molluscum fibrosum, for numberless small tumours were scattered over her body, being larger and more abundant in the dorsal region than elsewhere. They were smaller than usual, the majority being about the size of a pea. The region of the left buttock was


We investigated the inventory of presolar silicate, oxide, and silicon carbide (SiC) grains in the CR2 chondrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 852. Thirty-one O-anomalous grains were detected: 24 were identified as silicates (∼78 ppm); the remaining 7 are Al-rich oxides (∼38 ppm). NWA 852 is the first C2 chondrite containing O-anomalous presolar dust in concentrations comparable to other more primitive meteorites. Eight presolar SiC grains have been found, representing the highest abundance (∼160 ppm) observed so far in primitive meteorites. 15N-enriched matter is also present, although very heterogeneously distributed. Twenty-six of the O-anomalous grains are enriched in 17O, originating from the outflows of low-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. We calculate a silicate/oxide abundance ratio of ∼2, which indicates a higher degree of aqueous alteration than observed for other presolar-grain-rich meteorites. NWA 852 thus stands between the presolar-grain-rich CR3 chondrites (MET 00426, QUE 99177) and CR2 chondrites with low presolar grain abundances (Renazzo, NWA 530). We calculate an initial presolar silicate abundance of ∼800 ppm for NWA 852, if silicate destruction by aqueous alteration is taken into account. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigation of one presolar Al-rich grain of an AGB star origin revealed that the grain mainly consists of a single crystal of hibonite with slightly varying orientations. A distinct subgrain (d < 100 nm) with a Ca/Ti ratio of ∼1 is located in the central region, most likely indicating a perovskite-like phase. Our data suggest this phase to be a primary condensate and not an alteration product.


Thermomechanical properties of smart polymers can be specifically tuned to address critical problems in neural interfaces. A compilation of materials and approaches is presented from each of three often overlapping research communities: shape memory polymers, hydrogels, and neural interfaces. The path toward chronically implantable devices for neural recording and stimulation relies on careful control of mechanical, chemical, electronic and geometric properties of next generation devices. These phenomena are described and put into a context of modulus changing materials, as opposed to the current focus on shape changing materials, as a paradigm that may lead to new discoveries addressing unmet clinical needs.


BACKGROUND
Hypertensive diabetic patients, when compared with essential hypertensive patients, have a higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and an impaired cardiac diastolic function (CDF). Autonomic neuropathy (AN) could contribute to this finding.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relationship between AN tests, and LVMI and CDF in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and without AN symptoms or left ventricular hypertrophy.

METHODS
In 21 normotensive patients with DM2 (group 1) and 16 control subjects (group 2), LVMI and CDF were evaluated using atrial deceleration time, isovolumic relaxation time, E wave, A wave and E/A wave ratio. AN tests performed included a deep breathing test, Valsalva manoeuvre and lying-to-standing test.

RESULTS
Groups did not differ in clinical and echocardiographic characteristics. None of the patients in either group presented with left ventricular hypertrophy. In group 1, there were correlations between the deep breathing test and LVMI (r=-0.6; P<0.01) and between the deep breathing test and E/A wave ratio (r=0.4; P<0.05). No correlations were found in the control group.

CONCLUSION
In DM2 patients, AN tests correlated with LVMI and CDF before left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, impaired CDF and diabetic AN symptoms were present. The present study suggests that AN tests could be regularly performed in DM2 patients. Any abnormalities in tests should be followed by a cardiac evaluation.


In this article, we report on the effect of using ultrasound during emulsion polymerization. This work differs somewhat from that previously reported in that ultrasound is used in conjunction with conventional initiators. The aim is to observe the changes in the nature of polymerization and the synthesized polymer. In this work, reaction conditions and compositions typical of conventional emulsion polymerization are used. Azo-bisisobutyronitrile and potassium per sulfate are the initiators used. The initial indication is that the rate of polymerization and the final conversion are higher when ultrasound is introduced into the polymerization system. This effect is more pronounced at lower temperatures (50°C) and low initiator concentrations (0.01%). At higher temperatures (70°C) the polymerization rate is seemingly unaffected by the use of ultrasound. The final product in all the experiments is a latex. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 101–104, 2000


Indonesia is one of the largest coffee exporting countries in the United States market after Brazil, Colombia, Vietnam, and Guatemala. It is still unable to shift the export of coffee commodities from these four countries. This research aims to analyze the competitiveness and performance of coffee exports in the United States market using data analysis methods such as Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and Constant Market Share (CMS). Research is classified as quantitative research that utilizes secondary data, an annual time series data, namely 2010-2019. The data source is exported data for Indonesian coffee commodity digit 6 with HS 090111 (Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated) obtained from the International Trade Center (ITC). This study's value results indicate that RSCA Indonesia is 0.87, where the RSCA is> 0. This shows that Indonesia still has competitiveness, although it is lower than Brazil0.95, Colombia, 0.96, and Guatemala, 0.97, and Indonesia is still superior to Vietnam, which is equivalent. 0.79. Meanwhile, the CMS value states that the Indonesian coffee commodity is less desirable in the United States market with an average commodity composition effect value of -0.00006. However, an increase in demand for Indonesian coffee commodities with an average market distribution effect value of 0.00002 and commodity Indonesian coffee has a competitive edge. Strong in the US market with an average competitiveness affect rating of 0.00001.


Presently, interaction between human and virtual environment is mainly up to keyboards, mice, gestures and voices. Thus, the immersion effect is limited. In the article, a body movement interacting method was suggested; a skeleton module for animating the body was founded, and the moving rules were formulated. The article also studied the moving algorithm, designed interacting system architecture, and finally realized a part of system functions, using 3D MAX, Multigen Creator, Vega and C complier.


Noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy believed to be caused by intrauterine arrest of normal embryogenesis of the endocardium and myocardium. Noncompaction is characterized by presence of prominent trabeculae, deep intertrabecular recesses and thickening of the myocardium in two distinct layers: compacted and noncompacted. LVNC may or may not be associated with other congenital cardiac defects. Studies in heart failure patients of Afro-Caribbean (black) origin reveal a high prevalence (up to 30%) of myocardial trabeculations and the potential diagnosis of left ventricular noncompaction. It is unclear whether the myocardial morphology is representative of LVNC or whether it represents an ethnicity related epiphenomenon to increased cardiac preload. With increasing phenomenon of immigration from tropical countries to the United States, it is important to identify potential cardiovascular risks that can be attributed to ethnic background. Clinical presentation of LVNC may vary from an incidental finding on an echocardiogram with no symptoms to symptoms attributable to congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and systemic thromboembolic phenomenon. Echocardiography is the initial modality of choice for diagnosis [1-5].


It is described a K-view imaging method characterized by temporal alternation of jointly reproduced polarization-coded view images and by combination of temporal amplitude and static polarization parallax barriers. K/2 increase of standard frame rate 60 Hz is enough to avoid flicker (120 Hz is enough for 4-view fullscreen resolution imaging).


Deafness is etiologically influenced by many factors. Approximately 60% of patients with deafness have genetic defects, Their inheritances may be autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, or mitochondrial. The advances in genetics and molecular biology have been rapidly promoting the identification and cloning of the genes related to deafness, which help us to understand the pathogenesis of deafness greatly, This article reviews the molecular biological advances on pathogenesis of deafness, especially focus on research progress in China, The prospective development of the field is discussed,


A DSP implementation of Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) using constant V/Hz control for the open winding doubly-fed generator is proposed. This control of SVPWM modulation mode and open winding structure combination has the high voltage utilization ratio, greatly improves the control precision of the system, and reduces the stator winding output current distortion rate, though the complexity of the system is increased. This paper describes the basic principle of SVPWM and discusses the particularity of SVPWM waveform generated by hybrid vector under the condition of open winding. This method is applied to a state of doubly-fed wind power generator. The experimental verification shows that this control method can make the output voltage amplitude of the doubly-fed induction generator be 380V and the frequency be 50Hz by using of TMS32028335 chip based on constant V/Hz control of symmetric SVPWM modulation wave.


This study aims to describe the behavior of the consumerist farmers harvest time Kingdom of tobacco in the village of Gilingsari, various root problems that drive, and the impact caused. This research uses qualitative types, data collection with sources and triangulation techniques. Interactive model of applying data analysis through data collection, data reduction, the presentation of data, and the withdrawal of the conclusion. The results showed that the behavior of the consumer tobacco farmers harvest time Kingdom based on the findings of the researchers of the existence of the tendency of buying too much stuff, the less useful purchases, buying products over the high price consideration, and the lack of awareness to saving. The consumer behavior is driven by the presence of the increase in the selling price of tobacco of the year 2017. The root of the problem based on the findings of researchers also arise because farmers can't control his appetites to consume a goods, tend to have no financial planning ahead, just keep the appearance and prestige, trend following mode, and assume buying expensive price can increase confidence. Incurred i.e. purchased items are not useful or mubadzir, the absence of capital of planting tobacco in the coming year so that farmers have to borrow money to banks, and do not have a stash of money.


Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over the perovskite-type mixed catalysts Lll(i+xll:zSr(l-x)I2COt-xCUx0l-A. (0.1 :::; x $ 0.9) has been investigated. Activity testing results show that the catalysts in the range x = 0.1-0.4 are of high activity for CO oxidation, especially, the catalyst of x = 0.4 can make CO to oxidize completely below 170" and is regarded as the optimum catalyst for CO oxidation. Studies also suggest that oxidizing atmosphere favors CO oxidation over perovskite catalyst, the catalyst of x = 0.4 has higher resistance to sulfur dioxide poisoning at higher temperature. Studies on the active oxygen species by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and desorption of oxygen suggest that the important active oxygen species for CO oxidation is the surface-absorbed oxygen.


Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the combined contribution of functional autonomy and emotional support to the developmental trajectory of well-being in Taiwanese elderly from 1999 to 2007. Methods: Data were taken from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA). The national representative sample included elders who were aged above 70 years (n=2310). Multiple-indicator multilevel (MIML) growth models were adopted to assess the impact of predictors in the trajectories of well-being over time. Results: There was a decreasing trend of elders' well-being in Taiwan. Both Functional autonomy and emotional support contributed to the well-being trajectories of Taiwanese old-old. Independence was more important for sustaining elders' well-being than emotional support over time. Emotional support could weaken the negative effects of functional decline on well-being accompanying the ageing process. Conclusions: The study provided empirical evidence to integrate the classical model of well-being and socioemotional selectivity theory. These factors related to well-being were explored to deepen our understanding of the precise mechanisms.


Fisheries co-management is a new tool for the sustainable management of inland fisheries. Through this approach, water bodies are operated and managed by local communities. This paper discusses the responsibilities, duties, and benefits of wetland users involved in the co-management of Alua Beel in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh. Data collection was carried out through focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. Results indicate that most respondents were aware of fish production increases and alternative income generating activities, but that very few respondents knew about environmental protection. Results also reveal that many co-management action plans have been decided upon and created by local elite and then imposed upon fishers who only directly participate in their implementation. Thus, fishers are not involved in co-management decision-making activities. I identify approximately twenty different types of benefits (both direct and indirect) derived from co-management in Alua Beel that help to improve the livelihoods of poor fishers. Respondents in this study wish for Alua Beel to continue being co-managed with support (both technical and financial) from the government. I argue that sustainable management is dependent upon full participation of all members in all phases of management.


The aim — to improve the treatment results of patients with a bdominal aorta aneurysm (AAA) by reducing their neurological complications risk. Materials and methods. During 2001 — 2018 an ultrasound duplex scan of carotid arteries was performed for 847 patients with AAA. In 84 (9.9 %) patients, concomitant stenosis of the internal carotid artery > 75 % was found. The average age of the patients was 61.3 ± 2.7 years. Men prevailed among the patients (78 (92.9 %)). All patients underwent a comprehensive examination. One‑stage carotid endarterectomy and open resection of AAA were performed in 25 (29.8 %) patients, staged carotid endarterectomy with the second stage of AAA repair — in 24 (28.6 %), staged AAA resection with the second stage of carotid arteries revascularization — in 16 (19.1 %) patients. Two‑stages intervention was performed in 7 (8.3 %) patients with a combination of an internal carotid artery stenosis, AAA and peripheral artery disease , the first stage was intervention on the carotid arteries, on the second stage (from 3 to 7 days) the reconstruction of the abdominal aorta and arteries of the lower extremities were done. In 7 (8.3 %) patients with concomitant coronary artery disease the two‑stages intervention was performed, with the primary one‑stage revascularization of the carotid and coronary arteries, and in 5 (6.0 %) — three‑staged reconstruction in the following sequence: carotid endarterectomy, coronary artery bypass grafting, reconstruction of the abdominal aorta. Results and discussion. No case of cerebrovascular accident in patients undergoing primary revascularization of the carotid arteries, either simultaneous, or staged was noted. In a group of patients who underwent an intervention on the abdominal aorta without carotid and coronary pathology correction, 1 patient developed ischemic stroke with a fatal outcome. Another 1 patient had myocardial infarction in the first postoperative day. The overall level of neurological complications was 1.2 %. The duration of hospitalization was 11.7 ± 0.7 days for patients with simultaneous interventions and 19.5 ± 0.6 days for staged treatment, stay duration in the intensive care unit were 2.1 ± 0.3 and 4.3 ± 0.5 days respectively. Conclusions. During planning of interventions on AAA the screening test of even clinically non‑manifested arterial segments (carotid and coronary arteries, arteries of the lower extremities) is necessary according to multi‑vascular nature of atherosclerotic lesions. The primary revascularization of the carotid arteries (symptomatic stenoses over 75 %, asymptomatic stenoses with high embolic risk) has to be done prior to the reconstruction of the AAA. The method of one‑stage operation on carotid arteries and abdominal aorta with a weighted risk assessment and plan of aortic intervention is more appropriate.


The reformer furnace tubes have cracked after operating for in a service period in one plant,which lead to much economic losses.Therefore,it is necessary for us to carry on the over analysis of the reformer furnace tubes.The reformer furnace tubes were analyzed by using chemical composition analysis,macro-and micro-microstructure analysis,room temperature,high temperature mechanical properties analysis in the paper.The results show that the reason of failure for the furnace tube is the creep crack,and excess temperature is the direct reason for the creep crack.At the same time,the lack of the effect thickness in original design is the root cause of crack for the furnace tube.


The BRCA1 5382insC and CHEK2 1100 delC mutations were analyzed in 3850 of non-selected breast cancer patients residing in Novosibirsk region, Russia. One hundred seventy probands, BRCA1 5382insC or CHEK2 1100delC mutation carriers, were found. The study demonstrated that more than 80 % of probands informed relatives about their hereditary or familial cancer risk. Fifty-nine BRCA1 5382insC and CHEK2 1100 delC mutation carriers were found among 144 proband's relatives. Mutation carriers or their relatives were interviewed two years after starting the project. At least 18 % of the mutation carriers reported primary tumor or recurrence of the tumor 2 years after starting the project.


We present results for the analysis of input/output properties of a general class of hybrid systems given by a flow set, a flow map, a jump set, a jump map, and an output map. For this class of systems, the notion of input-output-to-state stability is introduced in the first part of the technical note. Under mild assumptions on the functions and sets defining a hybrid system, sufficient conditions for this notion in terms of Lyapunov functions are derived. Equivalences between Lyapunov functions for input-output-to-state stability for asymptotic and exponential decay rates are established. The sufficient conditions and equivalences are linked to the existence of norm observers for hybrid systems. These results are used in the second part of the technical note to study interconnections of hybrid systems. An interconnection result in terms of a Lyapunov-based small gain theorem is also presented. Examples illustrate the results.


224 Background: Patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have poor outcomes and high levels of healthcare use at end of life. Palliative care remains underused in hematology and questions remain on how best to integrate palliative care for high-risk patients. We conducted a prospective cohort study evaluating palliative care consultation triggers for patients admitted to a tertiary academic center with advanced AML. Methods: Criteria were developed for all hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancy on the inpatient hematology floors and included: 1) persistent disease after ≥ 2 lines of therapy, 2) length of stay (LOS) > 7 days for symptom management, 3) ECOG performance status > 2, and 4) refractory GVHD ≥ 3 lines of therapy. Patients with relapsed/refractory AML were included if they met criteria 1. A nurse coordinator performed chart review of admitted patients 1-2 times/week from June to December 2020 on the inpatient hematology floor at Smilow Cancer Hospital and contacted the primary team when patients met eligibility. Patient characteristics and healthcare outcomes were compared with patients with AML meeting criteria 1 admitted pre-intervention (June to December 2019) using Fisher t-tests. Results: A total 110 admitted patients were eligible (64 pre-intervention and 46 post-intervention). Baseline patient and disease characteristics were similar, including mean age at admission (60.4 vs 60.9 years, p = 0.848), gender (64% vs 59% male, p = 0.691), prior transplant (56% vs 52%, p = 0.702), and AML risk stratification (67% vs 78% adverse risk, p = 0.283). In the post-intervention group, 61% of eligible patients were screened. Of the screened patients, 54% received a palliative care consult, 18% were declined by the primary team, 14% were marked as not eligible, and 14% did not have consult with reason unspecified. Overall, palliative care consults increased in the post-intervention group (22% vs 43%, p = 0.021). There was a significant increase in advance care planning and/or advanced directive documentation post-intervention (13% vs 28%, p = 0.049). There was no differences in pre- and post-intervention groups in LOS (12.13 vs 12.33 days, p = 0.941), 30-day readmissions (52% vs 39%, p = 0.557), critical/intermediate care escalation (22% vs 13%, p = 0.318) and non-palliative chemotherapy post-discharge (48% vs 39%, p = 0.246). Conclusions: A triggered palliative care referral intervention is feasible and doubled palliative care use in patients with relapsed/refractory AML, a group with high mortality and high healthcare utilization. Our intervention improved documentation of advance care planning. Although there were directional reductions in other healthcare use measures, the differences were not statistically significant, likely from the small sample sizes leading to the study being underpowered.


This report highlights the importance of integrating clinical, radiological, genetic, and pathological laboratory findings to make a correct diagnosis especially with challenging and rare entities.


This paper studies the coordination effects between stages for scheduling problems where decision-making is a two-stage process. Two stages are considered as one system. The system can be a supply chain that links two stages, one stage representing a manufacturer; and the other, a distributor.It also can represent a single manufacturer, while each stage represents a different department responsible for a part of operations. A problem that jointly considers both stages in order to achieve ideal overall system performance is defined as a system problem. In practice, at times, it might not be feasible for the two stages to make coordinated decisions due to (i) the lack of channels that allow decision makers at the two stages to cooperate, and/or (ii) the optimal solution to the system problem is too difficult (or costly) to achieve.Two practical approaches are applied to solve a variant of two-stage logistic scheduling problems. The Forward Approach is defined as a solution procedure by which the first stage of the system problem is solved first, followed by the second stage. Similarly, the Backward Approach is defined as a solution procedure by which the second stage of the system problem is solved prior to solving the first stage. In each approach, two stages are solved sequentially and the solution generated is treated as a heuristic solution with respect to the corresponding system problem. When decision makers at two stages make decisions locally without considering consequences to the entire system,ineffectiveness may result - even when each stage optimally solves its own problem. The trade-off between the time complexity and the solution quality is the main concern. This paper provides the worst-case performance analysis for each approach.


Regioselectivity patterns for the reactions of N-lithio-N-vinylaniline with several arenedicarboxylates and esters of α,β-unsaturated acids are reported. N-Lithio-N-vinylaniline reacted at both of its ambident anionic sites, to give β-enamino ketones and amide derivatives. A bridgehead compound resulting from cycloadditions involving N-lithio-N-vinylaniline was also formed in the reactions with ethyl cinnamate and ethyl phenylpropiolate. The structures of all compounds formed were fully characterised by NMR techniques.


The computer control system in the aluminum reduction process generate large amount of data which contains valuable information of interaction between numerous factors. Extraction and application of this information is very important to improve control and management level of production process. Two data warehouse storing data generated in aluminum electrolysis production were constructed to analyze and process the data by OLAP technology. The analytical results of anodic effect coefficient, current efficiency, pot voltage and aluminum output, are displayed in pivotcharts, which indicates that OLAP can be provided rapidly information query and decision to manage production process of metal.


Research in North-East Bihar shows public sector irrigation management to be embodied within the prevailing cultural structures of the region, involving the intrusion of local exchange behaviour into the practices of public allocation of water. With irrigation officials in strong rent-seeking positions over farmers, and without resort to a moral sense of community through which farmers might exert voice over official providers, opting out into private provision via tube-well borings and pumpsets has become the exit solution. However, the propensity to make even relatively small investments in bamboo borings is dependent upon access to pumpsets. While elite families own the pumpsets in a village, some farmers may have borings on just some of their land, and others may have no borings of their own at all. Farmers therefore have to enter into multi-layered transactions in order to secure access to timely water. Secure access to other inputs is also necessary. This study encapsulates the themes of: state versus common property resources management; the 'incentives' induced by costs of loyalty and the availability of exits to adopt private solutions; and the social embeddedness of behaviour when operating in interlocked, community level markets.


A number of clinical outcome measures based on individualized sets of client problems have been shown to be very useful in recent years. When such measures are employed, category schemes to organize these individualized problems are necessary for purposes of data analysis and presentation. Such category schemes must be reliable and valid. Questions of the psychometric adequacy of available category schemes have been virtually ignored. The study reported in this article, however, examined a range of issues concerning reliability and bias as exemplified in the use of one such category scheme.


The article analyze the characteristic of land resource and the status of farmland change in Ya'an city which think zoology protection and industry course are the two primary reasons. Meanwhile, the article supposes some protection measures and methods from some aspects.


Introduction ROENTGENOLOGIC examination of the chest is now commonly recognized as the most accurate method for detecting the early changes in most, if not all, intrathoracic diseases. The value of this method is perhaps best exemplified in the diagnosis of early pulmonary tuberculosis. For the past several years it has been the practice at the University of Wisconsin to take single roentgenograms of the chests of all freshmen students who showed a positive Mantoux tuberculin reaction. The results of these studies have shown us that many cases of early tuberculosis will have positive roentgen evidence before they can be detected clinically, and before the patients themselves are aware of any change in their physical status. It was felt that many patients admitted to the Wisconsin General Hospital might have significant intrathoracic disease, which would ordinarily remain undiagnosed because the patients, having no clinical evidence of such disease, would not be subjected to roentgenologic examination. In ...


Impedance spectroscopy was employed to study the Ni-200/molten Na 2 CO 3 interface at 1000 °C and 1 atm CO 2 using a standard polarization cell with an alumina-sheathed PtCO/CO 2 , Na 2 CO 3 reference electrode and a platinum counterelectrode. The impedance of the Ni electrode may be characterized by an RC circuit containing two Warburg elements but is dominated by Warburg behavior during short exposure times


Optical determination of the spatial period of monocrystalline silicon is a first step toward such diverse goals as an atom-based replacement for the artifact kilogram, reckoning the masses of certain elementary particles, and measurement of the molar Planck constant. The needed measurements are realized through microfringe interferometric precision with a presently achievable accuracy of the order ot 0.01 ppm. Application of such subnanometer standards to x-ray and particulary gamma-ray wavelength measurement requires accurate interferometric angle measurement nowadays effective at the sub-milli-arcsecond level. From results obtained to date, one can infer certain constraints on the future direction of subpicometer interferometry and sub-milli-arcsecond goniometry.


1. phototherapy for infants apparatus comprising: a housing assembly having a coupling location; ! a light source mounted in the housing assembly, wherein the light source is arranged to emit light from the housing assembly; ! Interlock switch that performs locking and unlocking function of the operating state of the light source; ! Adapter Mode local illumination, adapted to selectively releasable connection with the housing assembly at the connection site, wherein attachment of the adapter of the local illumination mode to a connection point switches the lock switch of the locking configuration deprotected configuration and disconnecting the adapter local illumination, switches the lock switch of the unlocking configuration a locking configuration; and! node mode panel lighting comprising adapter mode panel lighting, the adapter mode panel lighting is adapted to releasably connect with the housing assembly at the connection site, wherein the node mode panel illumination comprises a light guide connected at one end to the adapter mode of the panel illumination and at the opposite end with light-emitting panel, the assembly mode of the panel lighting provides light through an optical fiber connection between the light source and the light-emitting panel when Adapter mode lighting panel is attached to the connecting site. ! 2. Phototherapy device for babies according to claim 1, wherein the light source is a LED assembly (LED-assembly) which, when energized, both


In order to find how the risk attitude and realistic constraint influence the decision behavior,a price-order quantity decision model with stochastic price-dependent demand,budget constraint and loss constraint under the conditional value-atrisk(CVaR) criterion is founded.A method of solution to the model and the effectual threshold of the constraints is given.The research shows that the CVaR is more sensitive to the loss constraint than to the budget constraint,and high-sensitive domains of different constraints are located at different areas.The higher the degree of risk aversion is,the lower the constraint value elasticity coefficient of CVaR is.Higher budget constraint value leads to lower marginal contribution ratio,which is more significant with the degree of risk aversion increasing.


In this study, the Giorgi method of phenomenological analysis was used to investigate adult recollections of becoming creative as a child. The research question was designed to focus on the environmental context of becoming creative as interpreted psychologically by the participants who provided the data. The decision to focus the research question on both childhood experience and environmental relations was based upon the literature on creativity, which has pointed to the important pedagogical role of context in becoming creative since Carl Rogers's (1954) groundbreaking work on the topic. A general structural description and an illustrated general structure are provided, each schematizing the qualitative meanings inherent to the unfolding that is becoming creative as a child. The results are then discussed in relation to the ideas presented in the literature review concerning the context of creative experience.


Positive plate was composed of lead hydroxide via reaction between lead oxide and H2O and lead sulfate was formed of the reaction of lead hydroxide with sulfuric acid. And its density is 3.8 g/cm, 4.0 g/cm, 4.2 g/cm and 4.4 g/cm by controlling volume of refined water. Curing of positive plate is done for low (45°C, 40hr, over 95% of relative humidity) & high (80°C, 40hr, over 95% of relative humidity) temperature, which created 3BS & 4BS active materials. Experimental result of DOD with 100% life cycle test shows that it was not related to the density of active materials but to the low & high temperature aging of active materials. The test makes us to understand that the crystallization which is made by curing of active materials is a more of a main factor than density of active materials under the deep cycle using circumstances. The active materials which were from the high temperature curing are better for deep cycle performance.


This essay intended to demonstrate the greatest Neo-Marxist political theorist Antonio Gramsci's political thought. In the very beginning it discussed about his primary socialization because of every man's thinking depends on his early life and his surrounding environment and then tried to focuses on his political thought. At first I tried to concentrate on his idea of hegemony. According to him, hegemony is a cultural process by which one class dominates the other. Thus the dominators keep on practicing power and the ruled obey them. Simply it means to put something into the ear of the commoners and make them believe in it. After discussing about hegemony it delt with his concept of 'Intellectual class', 'education', 'philosophy and history' and lastly 'philosopher'. All of these cocepts he gave for the sake of subaltern(proletariat) class and their freedom from bourgeois suppression. Keywords : Hegemony, Bourgeois, Proletariat, Subaltern, Praxis, Dominance, Political Society, Civil Society, Intellectual, Education, Philosophy, History and Philosopher


We demonstrate the use of a pair of mechanically induced long period gratings (LPGs) for sensing the refractive index and concentration of liquids for which NaCl solutions of different concentrations and standard refractive index liquids are studied. The effect of varying the refractive index and/or concentration is reflected in changing output power loss values at resonance wavelengths. For a concentration change from 5 to 20 g per 100 ml, the maximum variation detected in optical output power is 20 pW, while for a refractive index variation from 1.446 to 1.458, it is 11 pW. These studies are quite useful for chemical, pharmaceutical, biological, and process control sensing applications.


This article examines the role of social networks in a household's bankruptcy decision. Social networks may affect a household's bankruptcy decision in many ways: they could provide information about the required paperwork, recommend an attorney, reduce the stigma associated with bankruptcy, or increase awareness of its benefits. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), I exploit county and racial variation to identify network effects. My empirical strategy asks whether being surrounded by others of the same race increases bankruptcy use more for those in racial groups with high filing rates. This methodology allows me to include both county‐year and racial‐group fixed effects in my regressions. The results strongly confirm the importance of networks in a household's bankruptcy decision.


China Investment Corporation,as the management organization of China's sovereign wealth funds,its aim is to improve the efficiency of foreign exchange reserve management to get more return on investment.However,due to lack of experience and the influence of international environment,China Investment Corporation has faced several questions such as too much government intervention,lack of professional talent management mechanism,implementation difficulty of risk management,and transparency issues,etc.The problems mentioned above should be solved by enhancing exterior governance,establishing international talent cultivating mechanism,improving risk control mechanism and increasing transparency,in the hope of sovereign wealth funds of China playing positive role in the world and creating better investment performance.


Polarized FTIR measurements have been made on four ferroelectric liquid crystal compounds which have a large spontaneous polarization; two of them have a hydroxyl group that can form a hydrogen bond. Particular attention was given to three C=O stretching peaks: keto, ester, and lactic acid. We found that the polar absorbance pattern and peak positions of the keto C=O group stretching vibration are clearly different in compounds with and without the hydroxyl group. We have succeeded in interpreting these measurements by calculating IR transition moment directions for the vibrational modes of several model compounds using quantum chemical methods, including HF/6-311G SCF and B3LYP/6-311G(d) and B3LYP/6-31G(d,f) DFT calculations. Rotational bias was clearly observed even in the ester C=O group in the molecular core in the SmC* phase of the compound with a hydrogen bond.


The purpose of this study was to determine the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in modulating inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs to the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dl‐PAG). Whole cell voltage‐clamp recording was performed to obtain inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs and EPSCs) of the dl‐PAG neurons. Application of Ang II, in the concentration of 2 μM, decreased the amplitude of evoked IPSCs from 148±15 to 89±7 pA in eight tested neurons (P<0.05). The paired‐pulse ratio (PPR) of evoked IPSCs was also examined, and increased by 96±5% in control and by 125±7% after Ang II (P<0.05 vs. control). Additionally, Ang II decreased the frequency of miniature IPSCs from 0.83±0.02 to 0.45±0.03 Hz in ten tested neurons (P<0.05) without affecting the amplitude and the decay time constant. The effect of Ang II on miniature IPSCs was blocked by Losartan (an Ang II AT1 receptor antagonist), but not by PD123319 (an AT2 receptor antagonist). In contrast, Ang II wasn't observed to have distinct effects on the EPSCs. The data presented in this study provide strong evidence indicating that Ang II inhibits GABAergic synaptic inputs to the dl‐PAG through activation of presynaptic AT1 receptors (Supported by R01 HL075533, R01 HL078866 & R01 HL060800).


Objective To investigate the effects of the herbs Yi Huo Qing Yi DecoctionⅠon the polymorphonuclear cell(PMN)-endothelial cell(EC)adhesion rate and the expression of PMN CD11a/CD18、CD11b/CD18 in the severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) rats. Methods 81 male SD rats were divided randomly into the sham-operated group(group A,n=27), the SAP group(group B, n=27) and the treatment group (group C, n=27). SAP was induced by intraductal administration of 5% sodium taurocholate. Artery blood of the groups A, B, C was obtained at 6h,12h and 24h after induction of the model respectivly. CD11a/CD18 and CD11b/CD18 were detected with ELISA. Pancreatic tissues was stained with HE and examined under light microscopy. The MPO activity of pancreatic tissues was detected. Results The contents of CD11a/CD18 and CD11b/CD18 in PMN the PMN-EC adhesion rate and the MPO activity of pancreatic tissues were increased in the treatment group, compared with those of the sham-operated group (P0.01). The contents of CD11a/CD18 and CD11b/CD18 in PMN ,the PMN-EC adhesion rate and the MPO activity of pancreatic tissues were reduced in the treatment group, compared with those of the control group(P0.01). Histologically, the severity of pancreatic injury was alleviated including inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis. Conclusion The herbs Yi Huo Qing Yi DecoctionⅠalleviated the severity of experimental acute pancreatitis in rats,inhibi-ted the expression of adhesion molecule and the PMN and EC adhesion. Yi Huo Qing Yi Decoction can relieve pathological damage through inhibiting the adhesion between PMN and EC.


A defect quasi Fermi level (dQFL) control process based on above bandgap illumination was applied to control H and VN-complexes, which are the main contributors to the passivation and self-compensation, respectively, in Mg:GaN grown via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements confirmed that the total Mg incorporation was unaffected by the process. However, the total H concentration was reduced to similar levels obtained by post-growth thermal activation prior to any annealing treatment. Similarly, the 2.8 eV emission in the photoluminescence spectra, attributed to compensating VN and its complexes, was reduced for the dQFL-process samples. After thermal activation and Ni/Au contact deposition, Hall effect measurements revealed lower resistivities (increased mobilities and free hole concentrations) for dQFL-grown samples with Mg doping concentrations above and below 2 × 1019 cm−3. All these results demonstrate that the dQFL process can effectively reduce the H-passivation and self-compensation of the Mg:GaN films.A defect quasi Fermi level (dQFL) control process based on above bandgap illumination was applied to control H and VN-complexes, which are the main contributors to the passivation and self-compensation, respectively, in Mg:GaN grown via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements confirmed that the total Mg incorporation was unaffected by the process. However, the total H concentration was reduced to similar levels obtained by post-growth thermal activation prior to any annealing treatment. Similarly, the 2.8 eV emission in the photoluminescence spectra, attributed to compensating VN and its complexes, was reduced for the dQFL-process samples. After thermal activation and Ni/Au contact deposition, Hall effect measurements revealed lower resistivities (increased mobilities and free hole concentrations) for dQFL-grown samples with Mg doping concentrations above and below 2 × 1019 cm−3. All these results demonstrate that the dQFL process can effectively reduce the H-p...


E. Baring, The Young Derrida and French Philosophy, 1945–1968 Young Derrida and French philosophy, 1945-1968. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2011 (DLC) 2011027241 (OCoLC)727702118: Named Person: Jacques Derrida; Jacques Derrida; Jacques Derrida; Jacques Derrida: Material Type: Document, Internet resource: Document Type: Internet Resource, Computer File : All Authors / Contributors: Edward Baring. Find more information about: ISBN ...


The invention discloses a steel for single-sided electrogalvanizing automobile fuel tanks, and the steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.0015% of C, less than or equal to 0.018% of Si, 0.05-0.20% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, 0.05-0.07% of Ti, 0.02-0.06% of Als, less than or equal to 0.003% of N, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. A method for producing the steel comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out smelting and continuous casting on raw materials so as to obtain a blank; carrying out conventional heating on the blank, and then carrying out hot rolling on the blank; carrying out conventional water cooling on the blank until the blank is at a coiling temperature, and coiling the blank; carrying out cold rolling on the blank; carrying out continuous annealing on the blank; finishing the blank; carrying out conventional pickling, scrubbing electrolytic degreasing, and rinsing on the blank; carrying out a gravity-method single-sided electrogalvanizing process on strip steel. According to the invention, on the premise of ensuring that the mechanical properties of the steel are as follows: the yield strength is 120-170 MPa, the tensile strength is 270-330 MPa, the plastic strain ratio r90 is greater than or equal to 2.1, the work hardening index n90 is greater than or equal to 0.22, and the percentage of elongation A80mm is greater than or equal to 42%, and the steel is directly contacted with the coating surface of gasoline, so that the steel is excellent in corrosion resistance and high in surface quality, the non-coating surface of the steel has a good welding performance, and therefore a seal welding process is conveniently performed on the upper and lower shells of a fuel tank subjected to stamping.


Backgrounds: Long-term results of Rastelli operation for truncus arteriosus remain undetermined. Methods: At our institute, 55 Rastelli operations were performed for truncus arteriosus from1974 to 2002. Retrospective review of medical records was performed to assess long-term outcomes among 35 patients who survived the initial repair. The median age at the initial operation was 2.7 months, with the median body weight of 3.8 kg. In most cases, conduit made of equine pericardium with hand-made valve of either equine or autologous pericardium was used at the initial operation. Before the initial operation, truncal valve regurgitation was noted as follows: none (79%), mild (6%), moderate (15%), and severe (0%). Results: Mean age at the last follow-up was 22 years old, ranging 9.6 to 43 years. Mean follow-up duration was 21 years, ranging 9.4 to 39 years. There was only one late death, which was due to cerebral hemorrhage. Actuarial survival rate was 100% at 10 years, 95% at 20 years, and 95% at 30 years after...


Tests revealed long-term persistence of pigments and the potential for environmental contamination. Primary persistence of pigments falling from animals lasted through the melting of 3-m-deep snowpacks, summer rains, and winds for at least 2 years. Secondary persistence included transfer of pigments to non-test animals, and concentration and incorporation into scat and woodrat middens. Feces persist in middens extending potential contamination up to 40,000 years. Since the potential for long-term, environmental contamination exists, researchers should carefully consider initial application techniques, clean up methods, and residual visual and ultraviolet visual contamination.


Mining structures, such as open pits and underground mines, tailings dams and waste rock dumps, under stress can suffer geotechnical damage and fail. Studies were carried out on large scale failures in a form of rock mass collapse (collapse of an open pit slope and a surface crown pillar), seismic events (rockburst and gas outbursts), mine inundation, and waste rock material instability (tailings dams and waste rock dumps). The case studies revealed that geotechnical failure of mining structures were preceded by warning signs like indicators and precursors and that the failures were triggered by external factors like rainfalls or mine blasting. For large scale geotechnical failures, the initial precursors were present months or even years before failure. During the period from the initiation of structural damage to the final failure many various types of precursors were commonly reported and the number and scale of precursors increased towards impending failure. In a number of cases it was found that large scale geotechnical failures were preceded by a succession of small scale failures.


Purpose: Subtle irregularities in the corneal flap may affect laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate flap protection during ablation in myopic astigmatic patients. Methods: Medical files and corneal topographies of consecutive patients with myopic astigmatism (>2.5 D) that underwent LASIK were retrospectively reviewed. The visual and refractive outcomes with and without flap protection during the procedure were compared. We calculated and compared safety index, efficacy index, index of success (Alpins vector analysis) and ratio between nasal and temporal ablation. Results: We included 57 subjects that fulfilled inclusion criteria. Patients in the flap guarding group were similar to patients in the no-guarding group, in terms of pre-operative parameters and similar treatment zones were used in both groups. Post-operatively, the flap guarding group had a better efficacy index (1.08 ± 0.17 vs. 0.96 ± 0.24, P = 0.04) and index of success (0.16 ± 0.07 vs. 0.23 ± 0.17, P = 0.04). The proportion of subjects with more than double nasal over-ablation ratio (>200%) was significantly lower in the guarding group compared to the no-guarding group (04.2% [1/23] vs. 32.3% [11/34], P = 0.02). No significant differences were found between groups in terms of post-operative safety index, uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, sphere, cylinder and keratometry. Conclusion: Guarding the flap during high myopic astigmatic LASIK was associated with better visual and refractive outcomes.


Precise reconstruction of the cosmic microwave background lensing potential can be achieved with deep polarization surveys by iteratively removing lensing-induced B modes. We introduce a lensing spectrum estimator and its likelihood for such optimal iterative reconstruction. Our modelling share similarities to the state-of-the-art likelihoods for quadratic estimator-based (QE) lensing reconstruction. In particular, we generalize the N (0) and N (1) lensing biases, and design a realization-dependent spectrum debiaser, making this estimator robust to uncertainties in the data modelling. We demonstrate unbiased recovery of the cosmology using map-based reconstructions, focussing on lensing-only cosmological constraints and neutrino mass measurement in combination with CMB spectra and acoustic oscillation data. We find this spectrum estimator is essentially optimal and with a diagonal covariance matrix. For a CMB-S4 survey, this likelihood can double the constraints on the lensing amplitude compared to the QE on a wide range of scales, while at the same time keeping numerical cost under control and being robust to errors.


Currently, the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) discusses requirements for new elliptic curves to be standardized in TLS and other internet protocols. This position paper discusses the view of the members of the ECC Brainpool on these requirements, in particular with respect to hardware implementations.


Role of glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide (GMDP) on cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) in chicken vaccinated with fowl-pox vaccine was studied using leucocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) and skin reactive factor (SRF). Mean per cent migration inhibition (% MI) was highest on 21 day post-vaccination with mean values of 65.00 in fowlpox vaccinated group and 70.25 in GMDP and fowl-pox vaccinated group. Higher value  of MI in GMDP and fowl-pox vaccinated group indicates immunostimulatory effect of GMDP on CMIR. An intense SRF was detected at 24 hr post-inoculation of lymphokines indicating delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. Highest SRF values of 7.2 mm was found on 21st day post-vaccination with GMDP and fowl-pox in comparison to the value of 5.2 mm in fowl-pox group giving an evidence of immunostimulatory effect of GMDP on cell-mediated immune response. Histopathological examinations of guineapig skin sections revealed maximum cellular reactions at 24 hr post-inoculation of lymphokines. Oedema with few polymorphonuclear cells and predominant infiltration of mononuclear cells gives evidence of delayed type of hypersensitivity reactions indicating involvement of cell-mediated immune response.


Upma Narain. Background: Bacteremia can sometimes be difficult to substantiate. Its early distinction from non-bacterial blood stream infections in Chronic Kidney Disease patients is often a challenge due to functional deterioration of various components of immune system. Serum Procalcitonin assay is one of the biomarkers of sepsis. Thus the aim of this study is to analyze the usefulness of Procalcitonin as both diagnostic and prognostic marker for aerobic and anaerobic bacteremia and to assess the correlation between serum Procalcitonin and time to positivity. Methods: The study is based on the analysis of our data over a period of 10 years. We retrospectively analyzed 1168 Chronic Kidney Disease patients with suspected blood stream infections who had concurrent Procalcitonin data and blood culture results. Results: Procalcitonin levels were significantly correlated with Time to Positivity and also with survival of patients in positive blood cultures. Survival analysis revealed that patient with high Procalcitonin had significant low survival rate than patients with low Procalcitonin. Area under the Receiver operative characteristic curve for aerobes, anaerobes, fungus and negative blood cultures was 0.920, 0.913, 0.110 and 0.016 respectively. The optimal cut-off value of serum Procalcitonin for predicting aerobic bacteremia was 1.3 and 1.29 for anaerobic blood stream infections. Conclusions: Procalcitonin is a reliable and promising biomarker to discriminate aerobic and anaerobic bacteremia from non-bacterial blood stream infections. Procalcitonin may also predict the severity and prognosis of Blood stream infections but renal function should be taken into account.


PURPOSE: A method for screening a therapeutic agent for treating diabetes is provided to detect a novel triazine compounds and to ensure anti-inflammatory activity without cytotoxicity. CONSTITUTION: A method for screening a therapeutic agent for treating diabetes comprises: a step of preparing cells in a medium; a step of treating a test material to the medium; a step of treating glucose derivatives; and a step of measuring the glucose derivatives flowed into cells. The test material is determined as a therapeutic agent for treating diabetes. The cells include liver cells, muscular cells, or adipocytes. The glucose derivatives are 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-yl)amino)-6-deoxyglucose(6-NBDG).


The structure of the novel compound Li3Mo4P5O24 has been solved from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The Mo cations in Li3Mo4P5O24 are present in four distinct types of MoO6 octahedra, each of which has one open vertex at the corner participating in a Mo═O double bond and whose other five corners are shared with PO4 tetrahedra. On the basis of a bond valence sum difference map (BVS-DM) analysis, this framework is predicted to support the facile diffusion of Li+ ions, a hypothesis that is confirmed by electrochemical testing data, which show that Li3Mo4P5O24 can be utilized as a rechargeable battery cathode material. It is found that Li can both be removed from and inserted into Li3Mo4P5O24. The involvement of multiple redox processes occurring at the same Mo site is reflected in electrochemical plateaus around 3.8 V associated with the Mo6+/Mo5+ redox couple and 2.2 V associated with the Mo5+/Mo4+ redox couple. The two-electron redox properties of Mo cations in this structure lead to a theoretical ...


In this paper, an affordable and reliable low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU) is designed using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers and rate-gyros are used, and a methodology for calibrating the resulting IMU is developed when the precise orientation of the IMU is unknown. The proposed methodology requires no precise mechanical platform for the accelerometer while as simple rotating table is utilized for the rate-gyros calibration. The proposed calibration methods utilize the fact that ideally the norm of the measured output of the accelerometer and gyro cluster is equal to the magnitude of applied force and rotational velocity, respectively. Least squares method is used to evaluate the accelerometers and gyros model coefficients.


This research was investigated in order to improve Korean open education qualitatively by comparing German situation centered early childhood education curriculum and Korean open education in kindergarten. The research questions are as follows. Firstly, what is the theoretical background of the open education in Korea and Germany kindergarten? Secondly, what is the introduction and developmental process of the open education in Korea and Germany kindergarten? Thirdly, what is the curriculum of open education in Korea and Germany kindergarten? The implications and suggestions from this investigation are as follows. 1. The Theoretical background of the open education in kindergarten needs to be established systematically. 2. The role and function of the early childhood promotion committee should be activated. 3. A variety of theme in kindergarten education should be accepted in order to experience the universal value of the world. 4. Opportunities for common experiences in kindergarten should be extended. 5. Starting and ending times in kindergarten needs to be varied. 6. A value of early childhood educational program should be different according to the age. 7. A mixed aged group in kindergarten should be planned, 8. The teacher should be in charge of his/her class at least three years for the Individualized Educational Plan(IEP). 9. We can be able `to accept the different culture for the unifications. 10. A variety of integrated education should be implemented in the early childhood educational institute.


INTRODUCTION Quantitative MRI offers many advantages in diagnosis and also in longitudinal or cross-sectional studies. The measurement of T1 is of particular interest. However, many T1 quantification methods rely on accurate knowledge of B1 which varies significantly over the field of view (FOV) at high magnetic field. TESSA as a new method for rapid and simultaneous mapping of T1 and B1 has been presented [1]. It exploits the transition of fully relaxed magnetization into steady state given by TR, T1, alpha, and B1. In this study the accuracy and efficiency of the TESSA at 7 T is compared to other established T1 quantification methods [2].


Calcium mobility in tomato plants grown in sand- and water-cultures with little calcium and other cations was studied using 45Ca as a tracer. Radioautographs and 45Ca activity measurements of plant parts showed that 45Ca was "fixed" near the base (root or stem) of plants grown in low-Ca nutrient solutions, compared with plants grown with adequate Ca in which 45Ca was readily translocated to the tops. When plants were grown with little Ca and other cations (i.e. low K, Mg and micronutrients), 45Ca was also readily translocated to the tops. Calcium stress during the fruiting stage caused serious blossom-end rot of fruits, indicating that Ca absorbed by plants before fruiting was not readily available subsequently for fruit development. Leaf total-Ca is not a reliable index for predicting fruit-Ca deficiency in tomatoes.