Magnesium alloys have advantages such as low density, high specific strength and good mechanic damping properties. They are often applied for 3C and transportation industries as structural materials. Magnesium alloys with adding lithium element can make the density lower and the workability better than pure magnesium. A recent report suggested that the second phase α with plank-like shape in extruded dual-phase Mg-Li alloy might be the initial points of fracture under tensile test. In order to redistribute the second phase α, friction stir processing (FSP) followed by stabilization heat treatment is applied for trying to improve the mechanical properties of extruded Mg-9Li-2Al-1Zn alloy (LAZ921-F). This study focus on the effects of distribution of the second phase α on the tensile fracture characteristics and the effects of the ductility change on the roughness of blanking surfaces of Mg-9Li-2Al-1Zn alloy after FSP (LAZ921-FSP) and stabilization heat treatment (LAZ921-FSP-S). According to the shifts of X-ray diffraction peaks, supersaturated solid solution induced by FSP may be eliminated after stabilization heat treatment. Stabilization heat treatment also makes aging time less. The β phase greatly affected by stabilization heat treatment may dominate the changes of tensile mechanical properties of LAZ921-FSP. In the microstructure of FSPed LAZ921 magnesium alloys, there are two kinds of microstructures in SZ. The one is composed of equal-axed α particles. The other is composed of α phase on the grain boundaries of β phase and the α phase is dispersed in the matrix with needle-like shapes. On tensile mechanical properties, the experimental results indicate that LAZ921-FSP has better strength and worse elongation than LAZ921-F. The initial points of fracture in LAZ921-FSP were located on β phase. LAZ921-FSP-S and LAZ921-F have similar tensile mechanical properties and similar initial points of fracture occurred within α phase and α/β interfaces. The AlLi phase and θ phase in heat affected zone (HAZ) may be dissolved into matrix during FSP. Because that the θ phase re-precipitates after stabilization heat treatment and induces greater precipitation hardening effect than that induced by AlLi phase, the hardness of HAZ is higher than other zones affected by FSP. The fractures caused by tensile stress perpendicular to processing direction are on the zones with higher hardness and where hardness difference ocurr. After blanking, there are cracks parallel to extrusion direction found in LAZ921-F. Also, there are cracks induced by blanking found in LAZ921-FSP due to the brittleness of β phase. The quality of blanking surfaces of LAZ921-FSP-S is better than LAZ921-F and LAZ921-FSP because of finer second phase α fined by FSP and better ductility improved by stabilization heat treatment.


Reading Barbara Applebaum's essay I was reminded of some research conducted in the early 1990s in which teachers were asked to scrupulously divide their classroom time equally between girls and boys. 1 Afterwards when the boys were asked if their teachers paid equal attention to female and male students, the vast majority reported that their teacher gave much more attention to girls. Having grown accustomed to receiving the lion's share of teachers' (and others') time, these boys perceived that they were being short-changed when they were actually being treated equally. In another phase of this study, researchers found that teachers—including those who were self-identified feminists and strong supporters of gender equity— do devote significantly more time to boys than girls, and that it is higher quality time at that. When the researchers revealed these facts, the teachers involved in the study were appalled that their perception of treating girls and boys "the same" was so inaccurate.


This paper reviews the new approach to international trade based on firm heterogeneity in differentiated product markets. This approach explains a variety of features exhibited in disaggregated trade data, including the higher productivity of exporters relative to non-exporters, within-industry reallocations of resources following trade liberalization, and patterns of trade participation across firms and destination markets. Accounting for these empirical patterns reveals new mechanisms through which the aggregate economy is affected by trade liberalization, including endogenous increases in average industry and firm productivity. Marc J. Melitz Department of Economics Harvard University 215 Littauer Center Cambridge, MA 02138 and NBER firstname.lastname@example.com Stephen J. Redding Department of Economics and Woodrow Wilson School Princeton University Fisher Hall Princeton, NJ 08544 and NBER email@example.com


This paper deals with nomenclatural problems in family-group and genus- group names in Palaearctic Tenebrionidae. Triboliini, Amarygmini and Mycetocharina were first made available in Faunula monacensis cantharologica (Gistel, 1848). Neopachypterina nomen novum is proposed as a replacement name for Pachypterina Medvedev, 1968 which is based on a junior homonym. The type genus of this subtribe is Neopachypterus nomen novum (replacement name for Pachypterus Lucas, 1846, not Swainson, 1839: Pisces). The available name Imatismus Dejean, 1834 is given priority over Himatismus Erichson, 1843 and Curimosphena Gebien, 1920. A list of new combinations for Imatismus is given. References are given to preserve the usage of Erodiini Bilberg, 1820, Epitragini Blanchard, 1845, Adesmiini Lacordaire, 1859, Metaclisa Jacquelin du Val, 1861 and Pachyscelis Solier, 1836 which are threatened by recently discovered older names.


In this thesis, a single-phase voltage-source uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for 60Hz and 400 Hz applications is discussed. Two control strategies, namely a two-loop controller and a three-loop controller are developed. The control systems developed in this thesis have the following features: (1) stable operation at 60Hz and 400Hz, (2) no need of an external current signal. (3) high output quality, and (4) fast dynamic response. To meet these specifications, dynamic models which take into consideration the feedback variables and switching function are developed. Two suitable PI controllers for the current and voltage loops are selected according to frequency response analysis. Meanwhile, second-order feedback filters are designed to guarantee a perfect output waveform. As a result, the two-loop controller employs the output filter capacitor current and the load voltage as feedback variables while the three-loop controller uses the inverter output current as the third feedback variables. -- SIMULINK. models of the proposed controllers are implemented, and the steady-state and dynamic response, THD of the output voltage and voltage utilization are presented at the two standard frequencies of 60Hz and 400Hz. It is shown from the simulation results that the performance of the controllers meets the requirements. Moreover, computer simulation results of the output voltage waveform, the total harmonic distortion, voltage utilization and dynamic response show that the three-loop controller has a better performance.


Facing the perspective of an ageing and shrinking society, citizens' claims on future payments from the various pension and social insurance schemes are increasingly becoming the subject of an intensive debate. In National accounts, those entitlements and the associated social contributions are shown in different manners. Whereas imputed social contributions for civil servants in Germany are compiled on the base of the contribution rate of the statutory pension insurance, the contributions for funded occupational pension plans are calculated using actuarial methods. Funded entitlements of employees towards pension funds are shown in the balance sheet as employees' claims towards the pension fund. However, the entitlements of civil servants or of pension systems financed on a pay-as-you-go base are not shown. In this paper, we will show the results of a consistent treatment of all pension and social insurance schemes as funded saving plans. As an example serve the civil servants pensions in Germany. The essay describes the systems of civil servants pensions in Germany and presents the available data sources. The paper will focus on the following aspects:


As its name implies, a decision support sys tem (DSS) is a computer-based information sys tem designed to support decision making and decision implementation. A vessel traffic ser vice (VTS) is a public sector DSS encompassing the technologies, equipment, and personnel em ployed to coordinate vessel movements in or approaching a port or waterway. Such a system attempts to reduce the probability of vessel casu alties so as to protect lives, property, and the environment in general while expediting the movement of vessels. A vessel traffic service


Abstract The quantitative determination of formaldehyde in the gas phase of cigarette smoke does not permit any conclusion about the actual level in whole smoke. This is due to the fact that a Cambridge filter charged with smoke condensate absorbs up to 50 % of the volatile aldehydes from the gas phase. A simple method is presented making possible the estimation of formaldehyde in whole cigarette smoke. The procedure is based on the Hantzsch reaction between formaldehyde, acetylacetone and ammonium ion in an aqueous buffer solution. The reaction product, 3,5-diacetyl1,4-dihydrolutidine, has an absorption maximum at 412 nm and is measured spectrophotometrically. The operations are simple and there are no separation steps required. Reproducibility is excellent and interference by other carbonyl compounds can be neglected. Acetaldehyde in concentrations 10 times higher than formaldehyde interferes to less than 1 %. Different types of cigarettes have been analysed with respect to their delivery of formaldehyde. Values found range from 40 to 90 µg per cigarette. The concentrations found in whole smoke are significantly higher than the values cited in the Iiterature for gas phase formaldehyde


This paper covers non-conventional recurrent data-flow architecture, its features, and implementation aspects. Recurrence — the main feature of the new architecture efficiently solves data redundancy problem, typical for data-flow architectures while increasing performance. Conventional recurrence implementation has an overhead of configuration operand insertion that provides required functional fields (tags). Functional capabilities expansion of the architecture mechanism implementing this feature resulted in further efficiency by eliminating said overhead in some instances. We cover enhancements implemented in multicore recurrent data-flow architecture, designed to increase the versatility of recurrent computational process utilization. We compare Viterbi algorithm implementations with and without enhancements.


Context: Change Request (CR) repositories play an important role in the software maintenance and evolution process. Through a CR repository, software changes are reported and assigned to developers. Finding the appropriate developer to a CR is crucial for obtaining the lowest, economically feasible, fixing time. Nevertheless, assigning CRs is a labor-intensive and time consuming task. Although many work have proposed automated approaches for CR assignment, they have been implemented without investigating the fundamental aspects which characterize the task itself. Objective: This paper investigates the effort that is taken to assign CR to appropriate developers and identifies the fundamental aspects that characterize it, such as the strategies to perform the assignments and the complexity involved in them. Such investigation improves the current knowledge on the topic, providing researchers and practitioners with useful information towards developing effective solutions. Method: A survey was performed with software developers to understand CR assignment in the Brazilian Federal Organization for Data Processing. The questionnaire was composed of 38 questions, being them both open-ended and closed-ended. We analyzed the answers of 36 respondents. Results: We find that: there is a significant amount of time being spent on assignments (e.g., assigning 20 CRs can take up to 3.3 hours); there are many strategies used to assign CRs, which are complementary to those used in current automated solutions; and CR assignment is very complexity due to a process that requires cognitive abilities for information seeking, communication, and memorization. Conclusion: CR repositories are fundamental to software maintenance, however assigning CRs to developers is an expensive activity. Although we understand that fully and totally accurate automation of assignments is unlikely, further improvements on this direction are feasible and necessary to reduce costs. This way, this paper brings relevant findings to guide new research on automated CR assignment.


Forward genetic strategies in Drosophila have proven to be a powerful approach for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of neuronal signaling. Unbiased screens for mutants based solely on phenotype enabled the molecular identification and characterization of proteins with key roles in neuronal function that were previously unknown or inaccessible via alternative approaches. The phenotype of temperature-sensitive (ts) paralysis has been particularly potent for discovering genes with crucial roles in neural function (1–3). Over the years, we have amassed a large collection of ts-paralytic mutations and discovered among them genes encoding a variety of ion channels, ion channel regulators, components of the synaptic release machinery, and proteins required for synaptic growth.

One of the important insights derived from investigating these mutants is that in most cases their conditional phenotype is not caused by the temperature sensitivity of the mutant proteins (4–8). Instead, most of the mutations cause unconditional complete or partial loss of activity of the affected proteins, resulting in varying degrees of neural impairment even at nominally permissive temperatures. At permissive temperatures, these impairments are generally not sufficient to cause drastic deficits in locomotor activity or other behaviors. However, when neural function is impaired for any of a variety of reasons, the mutant flies apparently cannot withstand the greater physiological demands of elevated temperature and become paralyzed within seconds to minutes.

Recently, a number of investigators have used the experimental advantages of Drosophila to model human neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and triplet repeat disorders (reviewed in ref. 9). Most of these studies have relied on existing knowledge to introduce human disease genes into flies or target the Drosophila counterpart of these genes for experimental manipulation to create flies with phenotypes that mimic the human syndromes. A more open-ended strategy to investigate the basic biology of neurodegeneration is to use a forward genetics approach to identify a collection of genes whose function is necessary to ensure neuronal maintenance and survival. Isolation and characterization of such "neurodegeneration suppressor" genes should provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms that maintain neuronal viability. Although several studies have focused on forward genetic screens for neurodegeneration in Drosophila, the number of mutations identified in this way still remains relatively small (10–16).

We reasoned that our collection of ts-paralytic mutants, originally isolated because they exhibited aberrant behaviors likely to be associated with altered or impaired neural function, included those whose behavioral deficits were associated with neurodegeneration. For example, some of the mutants showed progressive motor impairments even at permissive temperature as a function of age. Indeed, an initial histological survey of our collection demonstrated that it was enriched for mutants with defects in neuronal survival: ≈10% of the mutants examined manifest varying degrees of age-dependent neuropathology in the central nervous system (17). Among the previously identified mutants associated with neurodegeneration are those encoding ion channels, the Na+/K+ ATPase, and components of the synaptic release machinery (17–19).

Here, we demonstrate that one of the previously uncharacterized mutations disrupts the gene encoding the glycolytic enzyme, triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi), resulting in progressive motor impairment, severely reduced lifespan, and neurodegeneration. These phenotypes closely resemble those associated with triosephosphate deficiency in humans (20, 21). Thus, even though our initial mutant screen did not specifically target human disease genes, we have obtained an excellent Drosophila model for a human neurodegenerative disorder. Our results indicate that the neurological phenotypes do not result simply from a reduction in ATP production. Nor do we have any genetic evidence of aberrant protein misfolding or inappropriate associations in wstd mutants. Instead, we favor the idea that loss of Tpi activity, which interconverts dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP), results in elevated levels of DHAP. DHAP, in turn, spontaneously converts to methylglyoxal, a highly reactive compound that modifies proteins and DNA through the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are deleterious to neurons and other cells (22–25). We contend that enhanced AGE production is responsible for the dysfunction and death of Tpi-deficient neurons (26). Our results highlight an essential protective role of Tpi and underscore the possibility that AGEs contribute to pathogenesis of other neurological disorders as well.


Community ecology has had a strong focus on single snapshots of species compositional variation in time. However, environmental change often occurs slowly at relatively broad spatio‐temporal scales, which requires historically explicit assessments of long‐term metacommunity dynamics, such as the order of species arrival during community assembly (i.e., priority effects), a theme that merits further empirical quantification. In this study, we applied the Bayesian inference scheme of Hierarchical Modeling of Species Communities together with information on functional traits and evolutionary dependencies to efficiently explore the question of how ecological communities are organized in space and time. To do this, we used a comprehensive time‐series dataset from boreal lake plants and adopted the perspective that more sound conclusions on metacommunity dynamics can be gained from studies that consider a historically integrative approach over long timeframes. Our findings revealed that historical contingency via priority effects can profoundly shape community assembly under the influence of environmental change across decades (here, from the 1940s to the 2010s). Similarly, our results supported the existence of both positive and negative species‐to‐species associations in lake plants, suggesting that functional divergence can switch the inhibition–facilitation balance at the metacommunity level. Perhaps more importantly, this proof‐of‐concept study supports the notion that community ecology should include a historical perspective and suggests that ignoring priority effects may risk our ability to identify the true magnitude of change in present‐day biotic communities.


We demonstrate an original development of path-integral quantization in the case of a multiply connected configuration space of indistinguishable charged particles on a 2D manifold and exposed to a strong perpendicular magnetic field. The system occurs to be exceptionally homotopy-rich and the structure of the homotopy essentially depends on the magnetic field strength resulting in multi loop trajectories at specific conditions. We have proved, by a generalization of the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule, that the size of a magnetic field flux quantum grows for multi loop orbits like $(2k+1)\frac{h}{c}$ with the number of loops $k$. Utilizing this property for electrons on the 2D substrate jellium we have derived upon the path integration a complete FQHE hierarchy in excellent consistence with experiments. The path-integral has been next developed to a sum over configurations, displaying various patterns of trajectory homotopies (topological configurations), which in the nonstationary case of quantum kinetics reproduces some unclear formerly details in the longitudinal resistivity observed in experiments.


FIELD: materials used as scream-suppressing spacers. SUBSTANCE: scream-suppressing material includes a number of plane parallel layers based on flexible polymer binder containing solid parts of filler. The sum of the lengths of the cross- sections of solid parts in one layer for each line of the cross-section of the material in direction perpendicular to the material surface is less or equal to the width of each composite layer at maximum exploitation compressibility of the material. The sum of the lengths of the cross- sections of solid parts for each line of the cross-section of the layered materials in direction perpendicular to the material surface is less than the width of layered material at maximum exploitation compressibility of the material. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.


This paper develops a Bayesian approach for the continuous quantification and updating of uncertainty in structural health monitoring. The uncertainty in each of the three steps of damage diagnosis—detection, localization, and quantification—is considered. Bayesian hypothesis testing is used for damage detection, thus facilitating easy quantification and updating of the uncertainty in damage detection. Qualitative damage signatures derived from the model are used for rapid damage localization; when the damage signatures fail to localize the damage uniquely, the uncertainty in damage localization is quantified using the principle of likelihood. Damage quantification is done through the method of maximum likelihood, and the uncertainty in damage quantification is estimated through Bayesian inference. The uncertainty in each of the three steps is continuously updated with the acquisition of more measurements. The overall uncertainty in diagnosis is also calculated, using the concept of total probability. The proposed methods are illustrated using two types of example problems—structural frame and a hydraulic actuation system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


BACKGROUND The effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in handling pain and calcaneal spurs is still controversial, whereas research on the effectiveness of ESWT in the reactive ossification process of calcaneal spurs, involving osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), does not exist. This study was aimed to assess the effect of ESWT on pain, the length of the spur, plasma OPG and RANK level on the calcaneal spur.
METHODS This study was a randomized controlled trial in patients with calcaneal spurs. ESWT was administered at the pain point by applying 2,000 shocks, at an intensity of 2 bars, given six times with a 7–10-day interval. The visual analog scale (VAS) data, plasma OPG and RANK level were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U test, whereas spur size was analyzed using chi-square test.
RESULTS One month after therapy at rest (p < 0.001) and when walking after getting up (p = 0.020), the VAS was lower than that in the control group. The plasma OPG level was lower than control group shortly after therapy (p < 0.001). The plasma RANK level was higher than control group shortly after therapy (p < 0.001). ESWT did not affect the reduction of spur measurement (p = 0.382).
CONCLUSIONS ESWT reduced pain, decreased plasma OPG level, and increased plasma RANK level. Although ESWT did not have any effect on spur reduction, it affected plasma OPG and RANK level that play a role in the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.


The Kemerovo Region is the leading coal cluster of Russia and Europe, where about 60% of all domestic coal is mined, 42 mines and 51 open-pit mines are operating, as well as 54 coal processing plants and installations. At the beginning of 2019, more than 90 thousand people worked in the coal industry of Kuzbass. The task of increasing the labor productivity of coal enterprises is largely determined by personnel potential, which is the main productive force in the post-industrial era. Enterprise staff is the creator of all the material and intellectual values of the coal industry, without exception. Today, the maximum use of all available internal production resources depends on the quality of university training of miners, the formation of their professional and communicative competences. This study focuses on the use of new technologies in learning foreign language by future mining engineers. It discusses a variety of attitudes and incentives which support the readiness of students in this field to increase their learning skills through using ICT. In this paper, the authors review practices and experience of using the technology in classroom summarized in expert opinions of foreign language teachers working with undergraduate students – future mining engineers.


This study examines the job classification system of construction fields. This study reviews jobs related to construction fields and classifies them by KECO (Korea Employment Classification of Occupations) and KSCO (Korean Standard Classification of Occupations). Construction related jobs are allocated to division number 14 out of 24 classifications of KECO. This division is divided into 9 groups that include construction and civil engineering engineers and examiners, architecture technicians, construction-plastering technicians, plumbers, construction heavy machinery operators, civil engineering and mining-related workers, and low-leveled workers of construction and mining industry. These groups are divided into 29 classes that include architects, architectural engineers, steel construction processing technician and builders, plasters, construction and mining machinery operators, mineral, quarrying and stone cutters, and low-leveled worker of construction and mining industry.


Academics and political activists alike have devoted a great deal of attention to U.S. policy toward Nicaragua in recent years. Oddly, current interest in that relationship has not resulted in many in-depth analyses of the Carter administration's actions despite every indication that they are far more interesting and puzzling than those of the Reagan administration. It is commonly argued that the Carter administration's foreign policies in general, and toward Central America in particular, were confused, incoherent, lacking in strategy, and inconsistent. ' Inconsistencies in policy toward Nicaragua included termination of aid in 1977 followed by the release of twelve million dollars in military aid in 1978; criticisms of human rights abuses by Anastasio Somoza and the National Guard in 1977 but praise for Somoza's performance in that area in 1978 and efforts to prevent the destruction of the National Guard; the encouragement of democratic


Device-to-Device (D2D) communications as an underlay to future 5G networks is being considered as a suitable platform for vehicular communication. Key in this regard is intelligent Radio Resource Management (RRM), which needs to provision adequate quality of service, in terms of the reliability and latency of vehicular transmissions. The classical approach building upon Channel State Information (CSI) is assumed to have high management overhead due to the acquisition of the said information. Hence, alternative RRM schemes, which rely on, e.g., location information, have also emerged. Such schemes, however, are more conservative in regards to the reuse of radio resources and have lower spectral efficiency. In this paper, we compare the performance of two RRM schemes for vehicular D2D underlay networks — a CSI-based one and a location-based one, in terms of their required measurement overhead, with implications to general schemes of the respective class.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the satisfaction level of government employees toward the e-government information platform system in Taiwan to better understand the effectiveness of such systems. Furthermore, this paper aimed to investigate the moderating effects of management maturity on quality management and user satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examined the questionnaire via a pretest, and then 174 formal questionnaires were obtained from people who had used the focal information platform system.

Findings

The results show that management maturity has a high, positive moderating effect on service quality (SQ), a medium moderating effect on system quality (SysQ), and a low, negative moderating effect on information quality (IQ).

Research limitations/implications

One limitation of this study is that the survey was conducted at one public agency in Taiwan. Therefore, a suggestion for further research is to focus on both public and private corporations, as well as government agencies.

Practical implications

This study built a moderating model for 3Q and management maturity, in order to provide quality management directions, especially with regard to information management, system establishment, and service management.

Originality/value

Management maturity is a vital, albeit long neglected, determinant for the success of the adoption of e-government information systems (ISs). Such ISs serve only as a tool, and it is those who operate the systems that put their functions into full play. Given this, management maturity is likely to be the key to the successful operation of ISs.


Highly substituted unnatural α-amino esters, for example, ethyl 3-alkyl-4-(aryl or vinyl)-2-(N-4-methoxyphenyl-amine)pent-4-enoates were prepared in a regiocontrolled and diastereoselective manner via Pd(II)-catalyzed three-component coupling of boronic acids and allenes with ethyl iminoacetate relying on the umpolung of the traditional electrophilicity of mono-π-allylpalladium complexes. The 2-aminopent-4-enoates were subjected to N-allylation and intramolecular ring-closing metathesis to afford tetrahydropyridines featuring an α-amino ester group.


All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as promising optoelectronic nanomaterials due to their color-tunable and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, poor stability of perovskite NCs in...


Unpublished US family This family (JCW) has an exceptionally well documented geneology, with English origins traced back to the 13th century. The first family member to arrive in the United States landed 15 years after the sailing of the Mayflower and settled in New England from which various family branches have since spread through other parts of the country. With respect to FFI, information from the generation of family members born during the 1940's implicates several individuals in three previous generations who died from a neurological illness with "muscle twitching": the first died at age 40 in 1894, and three of his four children were similary affected, dying at ages 40, 50, and 52 with death certificate diagnoses of cerebellar degeneration, cerebral edema and degenerative encephalopathy. In these three at-risk pedigrees, five of six children (including the proband's mother, maternal aunt, and second cousin) and one grandchild (the proband) have died of the disease. Their medical records are summarized here.


Scale invariant (transverse) gravitational theories are introduced. They are invariant under pure metric rescalings (i.e. the matter fields are inert under those). This symmetry forbids the presence of a cosmological constant. Those theories are not invariant under the full set of diffeomorphisms, but only with respect to those locally characterized by the fact that their generator is transverse {partial_derivative}{sub {alpha}{xi}}{sup {alpha}=}0.


Objective:The research aimed to analyze the chemical constituents and compositions of volatile oils from C. japonicus. Methods:The essential oil was extracted from the roots and aerial parts of C. japonicus by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC -MS). Results:75 components were separated and identified accounting for 99. 4% of total volatile oil in aerial parts of C. japonicus. 57 components were separated and identified accounting for 99. 6% of total volatile oil in aerial parts of C. japonicus. Conclusions:Chemical constituents and compositions of volatile oils from the roots and aerial parts of C. japonicus have certain differences. However,there are some similarities between the roots and aerial parts of C. japonicus. Chemical constituents of volatile oils from aerial parts and roots of C. japonicus contained the majority of terpenes and terpene alcohols,in which epoxy caryophyllene (8. 49% ) was the highest concentration from aerial parts,curzerene (27. 37% ) was the highest concentration from the roots.


One major question in Fractional Calculus is to better understand the role of the initial values in fractional differential equations. In this sense, there is no consensus about what is the reasonable fractional abstraction of the idea of "initial value problem". This work provides an answer to this question. The techniques that are used involve known results concerning Volterra integral equations, and the spaces of summable fractional differentiability introduced by Samko et al. In a few words, we study the natural consequences in fractional differential equations of the already existing results involving existence and uniqueness for their integral analogues, in terms of the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral. In particular, we show that a fractional differential equation of a certain order with Riemann–Liouville derivatives demands, in principle, less initial values than the ceiling of the order to have a uniquely determined solution, in contrast to a widely extended opinion. We compute explicitly the amount of necessary initial values and the orders of differentiability where these conditions need to be imposed.


In this paper, we look into adolescents' interactions with parents and peers from a power perspective. We find that parental interactions have dimensions of both Weberian power, but also can be seen in ritual forms that follow from the analysis of Goffman and Collins. In addition, peer group interactions have many ritual and symbolic aspects. The introduction of the mobile telephone has changed the way in which these power relations are carried out. The primary data for this analysis comes from interviews with teens. The analysis also includes some broader quantitative analyses based on random samples of Norwegian teens.


Ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and EEG were used to determine the mechanism of clustered spasms in 3 patients with symptomatic West syndrome (WS), in a study at Tokushima University, Japan.


In order to solve reinforced corrosion on coal mine area in the salt lake of the west,in combination with the practical environment of coal mine area,experiment and theory analysis methods were used to study the reinforced corrosion in magnesium cement concrete. By CS350 electrochemical workstation,a study on the electrochemical corrosion of reinforced in magnesium cement concrete was carried out. Combined with the SEM and EDS,status of bare reinforced corrosion in magnesium cement concrete was described. Results showed that state of steel bar with MAGNI coating was better,and did not produce corrosion; steel bar with ZINTEK coating resulted in phenomena of low corrosion; the corrosion of bare steel bar on surface was serious. The order from high to low anticorrosion performance of the coating is from MAGNI to ZINTEK coating. Anticorrosive effects of coating on steel bar are in very different level,but the coating positively affects anticorrosion performance of the steel bar.


Formal verification has become one of the most important steps in circuit design.As a result,verification of high-level hardware description languages(HDL),like VHDL,is becoming increasingly important to ensure effective tools for circuit design.A complete set of datapath operations are presented in this paper that can make a formal verification based on weighted generalized lists(WGLs).The WGL representation of world-level functions and HDL operations are also discussed.The techniques allows a direct transformation of HDL to WGLs.A new algorithm is proposed based on WGLs for modulus operation and division.These operations are the core of an efficient verification procedure proposed in this paper.The verification tool is completely automatic and experimental results verify the efficiency of this approach.


The status of sulfanilamide as a chemotherapeutic agent in the conservative treatment of infection of the middle ear and of the mastoid is still in question. It seems a well established fact that the earlier the drug is employed in the treatment of this type of infection, the better are the results. This has been physiologically explained on the basis of the more accessible contact of the drug with body fluids in the early stages. 1 However, Long and Bliss, after their most recent experiments with the clinical use of sulfanilamide for human infections, have stated: "Sulfanilamide can be found in about the same concentration as it exists in the blood in transudates and exudates into all the body cavities. It also penetrates into the pus in closed abscesses and is present in purulent discharges." 1a This thesis presents a study of 17 patients with purulent aural infection treated with sulfanilamide who


The appearance of the Uyghur postpositions has its syntactic cause,namely the syntactic compulsory factors,and semantic cause,namely the vacancy of some semantic meanings.The interplay of the syntax and semantics leads to the inevitable use of postpositions.


Background Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common syndrome, accounting for more than one half of all heart failure patients, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. But there is little evidence-based therapeutic strategies for the management of HFpEF. Previous studies reported the effects of spironolactone on HFpEF; however, the results were inconsistent. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated the effects of spironolactone on HFpEF. Methods Articles were searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases before May, 2017, and were supplemented by hand searches of reference lists of included studies and review articles. Eligible articles were restricted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The odds ratios (ORs) of the dichotomous data, mean difference (MD) of continuous data, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effects of spironolactone in patients with HFpEF. Results A total of 7 studies including 4147 participants were analyzed. There were significant improvements on the E/e′ index (MD −1.38; 95% CI, −2.03 to −0.73; P < .0001) and E/A velocity ratio (MD −0.05; 95% CI, −0.10 to −0.00; P = .03) under spironolactone treatment compared with placebo, while there was no effect on the deceleration time (MD 1.04; 95% CI, −8.27 to 10.35; P = .83). Subgroup analyses on the E/A velocity ratio showed that there was obvious benefit from spironolactone therapy in patients with follow-up periods >6 months but not in those with follow-up periods ⩽6 months. There was no reduction in all-cause mortality and hospitalization compared with placebo. And no improvement in 6-minute walk distance was seen compared with placebo. Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrates that the use of spironolactone improves left ventricular diastolic function in patients with HFpEF, whereas it has no effect on all-cause mortality and hospitalization, and the 6-minute walk distance. Further larger size, multicenter, RCTs are required to confirm the effects of spironolactone on patients with HFpEF.


Background/Purpose: Total hip replacement (THR) is considered as one of the most successful orthopedic procedures. However, improperly placed components can lead to instability and accelerated wear. Acetabular cup inclination can be very well accessed by anteroposterior pelvis X-rays; for acetabular version assessment, computed tomography (CT) scan is the gold standard. CT scan is not readily available at many centers and the surgeon has to rely on X-ray methods for evaluation of acetabular version to audit results and to predict behavior of the surgical intervention. This prospective study was undertaken to compare Woo and Morrey's and ischiolateral methods of assessment of acetabular version on cross-table lateral radiographs with CT assessment and to assess the validity of radiographic methods with respect to CT scan method. Material and methods: A prospective follow-up study was conducted for 18 months' duration (October 2016 to March 2018) on 30 adult patients who underwent THR surgery. Cross-table lateral radiograph was obtained at 3 and 6 weeks in the postoperative period. Two observers made each observation at two different points of time. CT scan was performed at 3 weeks. Version as measured by radiographs and CT scan was recorded. Results: The major overlap in the distribution of the values of the Woo and Morrey method suggests that there is no significant difference between the observations. Distribution of the values of the ischiolateral view and the CT scan value distributions have a very small overlap and hence suggest a strong significant difference between the two. Conclusion: In this study, Woo and Morrey's method and ischiolateral method of assessment of acetabular version were compared with CT assessment. We found that in Woo and Morrey's method, values were comparable to CT scan values, when put on regression line. However, in situation of change in patient positioning, namely hip stiffness in contralateral hip, measurement of component changed in series of radiography due to differences in pelvis tilt. So, in these circumstances, we can use ischiolateral method which can give consistent measurement. But it will not be in concordance with CT scan values and Woo and Morrey values, as represented in regression line. The high intra-class correlation coefficients for both intra- and inter-observer reliability indicated that the angle measured with these methods is consistent and reproducible for multiple observers. CT, however, be considered as gold standard for measurement owing to control over pelvic rotation and/or tilt/patient positioning.


With the natural trend toward integration, microprocessors are increasingly supporting multiple cores on a single chip. To keep design effort and costs down, designers of these multicore microprocessors frequently target an entire product range, from mobile laptops to high-end servers. This article discusses a continual flow pipeline (CFP) processor. Such processor architecture can sustain a large number of in-flight instructions (commonly referred to as the instruction window and comprising all instructions renamed but not retired) without requiring the cycle-critical structures to scale up. By keeping these structures small and making the processor core tolerant of memory latencies, a CFP mechanism enables the new core to achieve high single-thread performance, and many of these new cores can be placed on a chip for high throughput. The resulting large instruction window reveals substantial instruction-level parallelism and achieves memory latency tolerance, while the small size of cycle-critical resources permits a high clock frequency


Objective:To study enhanced MRI and MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) findings of hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma and evaluate the preoperative evaluation value of MRI and MRCP. Materials and Methods:Enhanced MRI and MRCP findings in 30 patients with hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma proved pathologically were retrospectively analyzed,the preoperative evaluations and operative results were compared. Results:All patients were found to have soft tissue mass at porta hepatis with delayed enhancement in MRI,and intrahepatic biliary duct dilation was seen. Enhanced MRI and MRCP could find infiltrated bile duct and blood vessels objectively,metastatic tumor also could be seen availably. The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of preoperative evaluation in all patients were 82.4%,84.6% and 83.3% respectively. Conclusion:Enhanced MRI and MRCP were valid method in the preoperative evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.


The LHC will be upgraded to the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) in the coming years to reach an instantaneous luminosity as high as 7.5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1. This will allow the ATLAS and CMS experiments to collect an integrated luminosity up to 4000 fb−1 during the HL-LHC projected lifetime of ten years, hence increasing the discovery potential of both experiments. To ensure excellent performance despite an average pileup of 200, the CMS detector is going to be significantly upgraded. The new Inner Tracker has ×6 smaller pixels, resulting in about 2 billions channel, which is unprecedented. The front-end chip features a data readout speed of 1.28 Gbps, and a downlink for clock, trigger, and commands of 160 Mbps. The communication between the front-end and the back-end electronics occurs through an optical link based on a custom Low-power Gigabit Transceiver which sends data at 10.24 and 2.56 Gbps on the uplink and downlink, respectively. A dedicated data acquisition system, written in C++ and based on a custom micro Data, Trigger, and Control board, equipped with a Xilinx Kintex 7 FPGA, was developed to fully test and characterize the pixel modules. The system architecture and its capabilities are presented in this document.


The case study aimed to evaluate the food safety and sanitation practices of KFC in Crossing, Calamba City, Laguna. It also aimed to check if the actual practices of KFC personnel complied with the sanitation for food establishments as stated in P.D.856.The study adopted the evaluative research method and survey questionnaire was used to gather the needed data.


History in the twenty-first century, which must be oriented towards digital teaching materials.  Historical learning can be drawn from some of the experiences that teachers do in the classroom. This research aims to explain the teaching materials used, explain the procedures for the development of digital teaching materials, test the effectiveness of the development of digital teaching materials. This development research procedure uses Research and Development (RND) with addie development model, data collection is done using questionnaires, observations, interviews and tests. The results of this study showed that the learning model used in Sma Negeri 3 Kuningan is still conventional and only uses one textbook, then the use of power points is less than optimal. The use of ADDIE design development products consists of five stages. The first analysis was conducted to analyze the need for digital teaching materials to improve the historical literacy of students at Sma Negeri 3 Kuningan. Both designs or product design stages consisting of the history of the Kingdom of Kuningan, the kings - kings who first occupied kuningan territory, and the teachings of madrais religion in the Cigugur area of Kuningan regency, syllabus adjustment, achievement of indicators, and RPP. The third development or product development stage is the process of validating product trial experts and conducting trials. And the fourth, implementation or implementation stage is the implementation of the final product or final product; and five evaluation or evaluation stages of effectiveness tests in experimental classes and control classes. The effectiveness of the Kuningan Kingdom teaching materials showed that the results of the historical literacy test with a signification value of 0.001<0.05. The results show that there is a significant influence on the use of digital teaching materials of the Kingdom of Kuningan during the Dutch East Indies through the inquiry model to improve historical literacy.


Abstract This article analyzes some aeromagnetic filtering techniques for mitigating deceptive geophysical conceptions that may result in a distorted range of geological information from aeromagnetic data. The implication of using the aeromagnetic method, data processing, and enhancement to distinguish sediment-produced anomalies was considered. Two methods to locate buried faults in aeromagnetic data were compared: Edge and fault detection were considered using the magnetic contrast and horizontal gradient methods, whereas rapid depth estimation was considered using the Euler deconvolution method and Signum method. The general challenge to find the magnetic anomaly depth and delineate edges relies on geophysical filtering techniques discussed in order to maintain its geological relevance. The magnetic-contrast layer model signatures help clarify the existence of intra-sedimentary faults. The horizontal gradient approach relative to other derivative methods has better noise stability and fast adaptation to grids without modifying parameters. However, the Signum transform (ST) approach offers a more special solution in depth estimation than the Euler's deconvolution approach whose solution relies on the required choice of default shape parameters and windows. The Euler deconvolution procedure may not be able to detect structures found by the ST approach and vice versa. As a result, these techniques may be used in conjunction with one another during analysis, as complementary interpretation tools. This review will however aid in the analysis of information used as a criterion for determining faults using various analytical techniques like ST or Euler deconvolution.


It has been well established that mitochondria and chloroplasts are not autonomous organeUes. These organelles are capable of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, but many soluble and membrane proteins that become localized in them are initially synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes (cf. references 47 and 122). A fundamental question of considerable current interest is: How is the transport of such proteins through the delimiting membranes of the organelle envelope accomplished? A related concern is whether there are discriminatory mechanisms to ensure the specific incorporation of a product of cytoplasmic protein synthesis into its destined organellar location. Although the problem of transport of proteins into mitochondria and chloroplast has been investigated for more than a decade, most of the early studies employed indirect approaches and yielded results that were equivocal. Only with the recent advances in techniques for rnRNA purification (8, 88), in vitro protein synthesis (92, 110), and isolation of purified mitochondria (89, 121) and chloroplasts (98, 100) with intact outer membranes has it been possible to analyze in vitro transport of proteins into these organelles in a systematic and direct manner. Interest in this area has also been stimulated and encouraged by advances made in the understanding of how secretory proteins are transferred across microsomal membranes (cf. reference 22) and how certain plant and microbial toxins are transported into cells (cf. references 104 and 108). This review will focus on recent papers dealing with the subcellular locations of the sites of synthesis of mitochondrial and chloroplast proteins and with the transport of these proteins into the respective organelles.


Altruism is central to economic models of the family, yet little is known about the response of within-family altruism to changes in its cost. On July 1 st 1995, Illinois cut the monthly subsidy offered to grandparents and other relatives to care for children entering foster care—those children removed from home due to abuse or neglect. This provides a rare opportunity to test the effect of a plausibly exogenous change in the cost of caring for related children on the propensity to provide care. Following the thirty- percent decline in subsidies, kin are found to have a ten to twenty percent lower propensity to provide foster care. The response is especially large for younger children, and for those who require mental health services. Finally, child outcomes do not appear to suffer following the reform, with child health outcomes tending to improve. Lower subsidies may 'weed out' those more interested in the monetary reward, who may be of lower quality.


This paper explores factors that predict deprivation and are associated with multiple counts of deprivation in Nsukka, Nigeria. Different conceptions of poverty were constructed: the traditional money-metric measure and differing multidimensional constructs of poverty. Data from a survey of households in Nsukka were used. The counting and FGT methodologies were used to measure poverty and deprivation. Ordinary least squares, probit and counting models were also used to assess factors that predict poverty. The results indicate that between 70% and 78% of the population in the study is categorized as deprived or poor. The major determinants of deprivation across its various constructs include large family size, a low level of education, poor employment, rural location and poor health. In order to effectively alleviate poverty, an integrated approach that accounts for inter-linkages between factors associated with poverty is required.


Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is one of the recent significant advances in concrete technology, offering many advantages to construction industry such as improving the work environment by less noise pollution and providing durable concrete by imparting a more homogeneous and dense microstructure. SCC mixtures typically contain high cement content to achieve the required fresh characteristics which is not desirable from environmental point of view, considering the large amount of CO 2 emissions by cement factories. In the present study, ECO-SCC is defined as self-compacting concrete containing total cementitious materials of 350 kg/m3. The aim of the experimental work was to achieve a SCC mixture composition to develop a more durable, more cost competitive, easier to apply and greener concrete. Eco-friendly SCC mixtures containing total cementitious materials of 350 kg/m3 and different Iranian natural zeolite contents (0, 10, 20 and 30% of cement, by weight) were investigated. Besides fresh state assessment by slump flow and J-ring tests, some of the hardened properties of ECO-SCC mixtures were investigated at different ages up to 180 days, mainly in terms of strength and durability parameters (including surface resistivity and chloride ion penetration resistance). Test results indicated the positive effect of natural zeolite addition on improving the stability of fresh mixtures and long-term durability of hardened ECO-SCC. Moreover, it is notable that, despite low cement contents of mixtures, a minimum compressive strength of 30 MPa was achieved by 28 day ECO-SCC specimens.


[Objective] The establishment of nephropathy in type II diabetic based on type II diabetic mice( db /db) and provides a platform of research and service for new drug discovery. [Method] There are 16 mice for 4 weeks old and 16 mice for 8 weeks old,uninephrectomy( Unx) was performed in 4 weeks old and 8 weeks old each for 8 db/db male mice. The rest of db/db mice with the sham surgery were used as control groups. They were divided into four groups after one week recovered from the surgery. They were measured fasted 6 hours blood glucose( FBG) and body weight( BW) every two weeks,collected 24-hour urine and calculate total 24-hour microalbunminuria every four weeks. [Result] All mice were sacrificed 8 weeks later. The 8 weeks old db / db-Unx had much higher total 24-hour microalbunminuria level than db / db-sham; and it was no effect on 4 weeks old db / db group. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that uninephrectomy accelerates the type 2 diabetic nephropathy in 8 weeks old db / db male mice.


In the title molecule, C18H16N2O2, the seven-membered diazepinone ring adopts a boat conformation. An intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond encloses an S(6) ring. The two propynyl substituents each point away from the same face of the benzodiazepinone ring system. In the crystal, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form double chains of molecules along the c-axis direction.


We study a class of boundary value problems for nonlinear impulsive fractional differential equations. A weighted function Banach space and a completely continuous nonlinear operator are constructed firstly. Some existence results for solutions of these problems are established continuously. Our analysis relies on the well known Schauder's fixed point theorem. Examples are given to illustrate the main results finally.


A modification of the waveguide shape of the monolithically integrated tandem waveguide-type acoustooptic frequency shifter (AOFS) was investigated analytically and experimentally to improve its diffraction properties. The simulated diffraction properties were improved by decreasing the vertex angle of the tapered waveguide. The analytically obtained maximum doubly diffracted beam power increased from 0.43 in the previous AOFS to 0.55. The diffraction properties of a fabricated tandem AOFS were measured and compared with the analytical results.


Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) data has the shortcomings of discontinuous and pixel saturation effect. It was also incompatible with the Soumi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP/VIIRS) data. In view those shortcomings, this research put forward the WorldPop and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) adjusted nighttime light (WEANTL) using EVI and WorldPop data to achieve intercalibration and saturation correction of DMSP/OLS data. A long time series of nighttime light images of china from 2001 to 2018 was constructed by fitting the DMSP/OLS data and NPP/VIIRS data. Corrected nighttime light images were examined to discuss the estimation ability of gross domestic product (GDP) and electric power consumption (EPC) on national and provincial scales, respectively. The results indicated that, (1) after correction, the nighttime light (NTL) data can guarantee the growth trend on national and regional scales, and the interannual volatility of the corrected NTL data is lower than that of the uncorrected NTL data; (2) on the national scale, compared with the established model of NTL data and GDP data (NTL-GDP), the determination coefficient (R2) and the mean absolute relative error (MARE) are 0.981 and 8.518%. The R2 and MARE of the established model of NTL data and EPC data (NTL-EPC) were 0.990 and 4.655%; (3) on the provincial scale, the R2 and MARE of NTL-GDP model under the provincial units are 0.7386 and 38.599%. The R2 value and MARE of NTL-EPC model are 0.8927 and 29.319%; (4) on the provincial scale, the R2 and MARE of NTL-GDP model on time series are 0.9667 and 10.877%. The R2 and MARE of NTL-GDP model on time series are 0.9720 and 6.435%; the established TNL-GDP and TNL-EPC models with 30 provinces data all passed the F-test at the 0.001 level; (5) the prediction accuracy of GDP and EPC on time series was nearly 100%. Therefore, the correction method provided in this research can be applied in estimating the GDP and EPC on multiple scales reliably and accurately.


Food security for developing countries has been assured through the practice over
millennia of farmers freely using and exchanging genetic resources for food and
agriculture. Further, countries have been freely utilizing and exchanging such genetic
resources. This establishes a high level of global inter-dependency for these resources.
However, food security could well be threatened by international treaties such as the
Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing
of Genetic Resources arising for their Utilization which provide for countries to
enact national laws or policies to regulate access to these resources.


The pearlite formed in 100Mn13 high carbon high manganese steel after 1323 K water toughening subsequently 923 K aging treatment is studied by transmission electron microscope and high-resolution technique. The results show that the pearlite is composed of three phases, which are M3C lamellae, M7C3 lamellae, and ferrite lamellae, respectively, with the orientation relationships of ( )α∥( )M7C3, ( )α∥( )M3C, ( )M3C∥( )M7C3, [ ]M3C∥[ ]M7C3∥[ ]α. And M7C3 is formed at the phase interface between M3C and α. The growth physical model of three-phase pearlite is proposed.


The aim of this study was to determine the influence of goat milk fermented by ABT-2 culture (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and Streptococcus thermophilus) on uropathogenic Candida albicans strain, as well as to determine the differences of inhibitory potential between fermented goat and cow milk. According to the results of our previous studies, the basic hypothesis of this study was that fermented goat milk could have possible stronger inhibitory effect on the growth of Candida albicans than fermented cow milk. C. albicans strains were isolated directly from the vaginas of women with clearly determined bacterial vaginosis. Additionally, the correlation between the inhibitory effect and some fermentation parameters (number of viable cells of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, number of viable cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, pH of fermented milk, content of short (SCFA) and medium (MCFA) fatty acids in fermented milk) was also investigated. The results showed significantly higher inhibitory effect of fermented goat milk on the growth of Candida albicans, compared to that of fermented cow milk. There was no significant correlation between changes of pH or CFU of analysed probiotic strain during fermentation and the inhibitory effect of fermented cow milk. However, significantly higher correlation between fermentation parameters and the antagonistic activity of fermented goat milk against Candida albicans was noted. Fermentation process was faster in goat than in cow milk, as well as considerably higher amounts of all examined SCFA and MCFA were produced in goat milk in all the phases of the fermentation process.


PURPOSE: To make pen-touch detection with a little chattering possible by simple structure, by providing a rubber pressure-sensitive resistor into a pen case. CONSTITUTION: To input and output a pattern by a pen, touching a pattern information input-output surface by the tip of the pen moves movable chip 1 upward and rubber pressure-sensitie resistor 2 is compressed by electrode fitting pedestal 5, electrodes 3 and 4, and movable chip 1 to conduct. As a result, a short circuit is formed between electrodes 3 and 4. This state is led out via cable 6 and then detected by an electric method. COPYRIGHT: (C)1980,JPO&Japio


A new sampling path of discrete complex image method (DCIM) is proposed to capture the information of the branch point accurately. The new path comprises of three segments. All these segments are very close to the branch point and the second segment will go through it directly. Along this path the information of the branch point can be captured very accurately. In the situation when the lateral wave dominates the far-field region, the DCIM equipped with the new sampling path gives very accurate result, which is verified by numerical experiments.


We previously noted alternative 5′ splice variants of the Atp7a transcript. To fully understand the splicing of this gene, we sought to identify additional "downstream" splice variants and to test the hypothesis that different protein variants exist. RT‐PCR was utilized with combinations of Atp7a primers spanning exons 1–23 and amplified products were subcloned and sequenced. Novel splice products which were missing various internal exons were identified. To identify Atp7a proteins potentially encoded by these splice variants, we utilized 3 polyclonal Atp7a antisera raised against different antigens: 1) against 2 C‐terminal peptides (called 54‐10), 2) against a fusion protein of the six, N‐terminal copper binding domains (called R17; a gift from Dr. Julian Mercer), and 3) against 2 peptides within the first 68 N‐terminal amino acids (called N‐term). The 54‐10 and R17 antisera, both proven to specifically react with Atp7a, detected a presumably full length Atp7a protein of ~180 kDa in rat intestine and IEC‐6 cells. The 54‐10 antiserum also detected a smaller protein band of ~160 kDa and a specific, ~97 kDa protein in the nuclear fraction of IEC‐6 cells. Moreover, a nuclear protein was detected by the N‐term antiserum, which was similar in size to the protein detected by the 54‐10 antiserum (~97 kDa). IP experiments and siRNA knockdowns provide additional evidence that these proteins may be novel Atp7a variants.


Objective To investigate the relationship of serum glycyl-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase( GPDA)and upper gastrointestinal bleeding( UGIB). Methods Serum GPDA and urea concentrations were measured in 33patients with UGIB( UGIB group) and 33 healthy subjects( control group). The UGIB group was classified according sex and age( 60 years old and ≥60 years old). The results were analyzed statisically. Results Serum GPDA and urea concentrations between UGIB group and control group were significant statistically( P = 0. 000). The concentrations of serum GPDA and urea in different age groups had statistical significance( P 0. 01). There was no statistical significance between male and female groups( P 0. 05). There was a negative correlation of GPDA and urea concentrations in UGIB group [coefficient of correlation( r) =- 0. 585,P 0. 01]. Receiver operating characteristic( ROC) curve showed that the areas under the ROC curve( AUC) were 0. 893 and 0. 769 for GPDA and urea. When the cut-off values of GPDA and urea were 69. 20 U / L and 8. 25 mmol / L,the sensitivities were 97. 0% and 63. 6%,and the specificities were 69. 7% and 97. 0%. Conclusions Serum GPDA reduces significantly when UGIB,and GPDA may play an important role in the course of UGIB.


A detailed proof is given of the criterion of a C0-Ω-blow up in C1-smooth simplest skew products of interval mappings (i.e. in skew products of interval mappings with a closed set of periodic points). Some examples of C1-smooth mappings of the considered class admitting a C0-Ω-blow up are given.


Drought is a serious natural hazard with far-reaching impacts including soil damages, economic losses, and threatening the livelihood and health of local residents. To monitor the present (2015) vegetation health across Uthangarai taluk using Remote Sensing and Gis techniques. Landsat datasets with a spatial resolution of 30 m and from different platforms were used to identify the VCI (Vegetation Condition Index) and TCI (Temperature Condition Index). The VCI is based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) datasets. Land surface temperature (LST) datasets were used to extract Temperature condition index. As a result, the VHI (Vegetation Health Index) was produced and classified into five categories: extreme, severe, moderate, mild, and no drought. The results show practically extreme drought has mainly occurred in north and west region in Uthangarai taluk. It is observed that moderate to severe drought condition has occurred in singarapettai, samalpatti, karappattu, kallavi and anandur. Mild drought condition has occurred in Uthangarai, egur, viswasampatti and kilkuppam. This approach allows decision makers to monitor, investigate and resolve drought conditions more effectively.


Through the analysis of the status of science and technology work in tobacco commercial system,the paper points out the deficiency of the science and technology innovation system.From the present sci-tech work,combining with the characteristics of the monopoly management,combination of government and enterprise management and vertical management,the paper explores the way to construct the science and technology innovation system in tobacco commercial system,which is made of knowledge technology and management innovation system,sci-tech service system,quality assurance system and cultivation of innovative talents system.And in the end it gives the policy suggestion of the system.


Psychological perspective of orthodontic patients due to malocclusion and treatment is less explored in orthodontics until recently. Use of psychometric tools is the method to measure this intangible dimension of malocclusion and treatment. However, many generic and condition-specific tools are available now for this purpose. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) will supplement normative outcome measures in the future and will remain an important aspect in patient-centered orthodontic care. In general, with the use of these tools, there has been a conflicting report regarding the effect of malocclusion on a person's Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). However, orthodontic treatment has shown consistently to improve OHRQoL though there is a transient worsening in the initial phases of treatment. The effect of self-esteem and psychosocial well-being as mediators influencing OHRQoL and contextual factors such as socioeconomic status and family support mechanism on QoL need further evidence from long-term studies.


Petri nets can be viewed as graphical models and mathematical tools to study discrete event system. As a basic analysis tool of Petri nets, reachability trees are fundamental for systematically investigating many characteristics. In this paper, a new reachability tree for unbounded generalized Petri nets is proposed. This new method can decrease the number of nodes in the new reachability tree besides avoidance of some spurious markings which appear in other reachability trees. Several examples are provided to illustrate its superiority.


The study described in this paper explored the understanding pre-service teachers' have of PK-12 student needs (i.e.Belonging, Mastery, Independence, and Generosity) and the importance of meeting these needs in a climate of InvitationalEducation. 71 undergraduate teacher education candidates enrolled in a Classroom Management course at a mid-sizedSoutheastern university in the U.S, learned about the Circle of Courage. This included viewing the movie Freedom Writers tofocus of on how this philosophy was incorporated in the movie. Following the viewing, the participants wrote an essay aboutthe significance of meeting these student needs. This activity enabled the participants to link theory to practice, as it promptedthem to take a reflective stance, identify some of the strategies they witnessed in the movie, and evaluate how these mightbenefit their future students.


The Intercultural Education Law guarantees the right to education, determines the general principles and purposes that guide education in Ecuador under the Good Life, intercultural and pluri; and the relationships between its actors. It develops and deepens the rights, obligations and constitutional guarantees in education and establishes the basic regulations for the structure, levels and modes, model management, financing and participation of stakeholders in the national education system.
Article 133 of the Organic Law of Intercultural Education, states that attributable to the legal representatives, principals and teachers infringements will be punished according to their severity, prior administrative proceedings, and following due process.
The conduct of administrative proceedings followed the legal representatives, principals and teachers is carried out by the Human Resources Administrative Units so dispose Section 146 of the General Regulations of the Organic Law of Intercultural Education, in advance as prior actions are conducted by the District Board of Dispute Resolution or District Director , which referred the complaint or report on the presumption of the commission of a disciplinary offense by the teacher or manager should immediately refer the enabling information to Unit Human Resource management for the study and analysis of the facts allegedly accused.
That is why the Human Resource Management Unit is who conducts the conduct of administrative proceedings followed the legal representatives, principals and teachers, but I believe that the right people are not because the work in the same institution become judge and part of the conduct , the burden and impartial opinion that this may imply, as the violation of the right of protection specified in Article 76 paragraph 7 ) literal k ) of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador to be tried by a judge or independent, impartial and competent judge , leading thus to violate the Constitution, not fulfilling the administrative proceedings will run in implementation of the guarantees of due process. Require that the administrative proceedings to ensure the right to due process and resolve them aware of another authority such as a Unit Conduct of Administrative Summaries, with power to hear and decide administrative proceedings.
It should also indicate that those responsible for the Administrative Units of Human Resources in the different levels of education are people in the best trained in the Personnel Management and its role in the processing of Administrative Summaries become on Administrative Judges must act in the process. Based on the foregoing it is evident that these persons responsible for UARHs unaware of the legal procedures that must be followed to ensure due process enshrined in our Constitution.The Intercultural Education Law guarantees the right to education, determines the general principles and purposes that guide education in Ecuador under the Good Life, intercultural and pluri; and the relationships between its actors. It develops and deepens the rights, obligations and constitutional guarantees in education and establishes the basic regulations for the structure, levels and modes, model management, financing and participation of stakeholders in the national education system.
Article 133 of the Organic Law of Intercultural Education, states that attributable to the legal representatives, principals and teachers infringements will be punished according to their severity, prior administrative proceedings, and following due process.
The conduct of administrative proceedings followed the legal representatives, principals and teachers is carried out by the Human Resources Administrative Units so dispose Section 146 of the General Regulations of the Organic Law of Intercultural Education, in advance as prior actions are conducted by the District Board of Dispute Resolution or District Director , which referred the complaint or report on the presumption of the commission of a disciplinary offense by the teacher or manager should immediately refer the enabling information to Unit Human Resource management for the study and analysis of the facts allegedly accused.
That is why the Human Resource Management Unit is who conducts the conduct of administrative proceedings followed the legal representatives, principals and teachers, but I believe that the right people are not because the work in the same institution become judge and part of the conduct , the burden and impartial opinion that this may imply, as the violation of the right of protection specified in Article 76 paragraph 7 ) literal k ) of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador to be tried by a judge or independent, impartial and competent judge , leading thus to violate the Constitution, not fulfilling the administrative proceedings will run in implementation of the guarantees of due process. Require that the administrative proceedings to ensure the right to due process and resolve them aware of another authority such as a Unit Conduct of Administrative Summaries, with power to hear and decide administrative proceedings.
It should also indicate that those responsible for the Administrative Units of Human Resources in the different levels of education are people in the best trained in the Personnel Management and its role in the processing of Administrative Summaries become on Administrative Judges must act in the process. Based on the foregoing it is evident that these persons responsible for UARHs unaware of the legal procedures that must be followed to ensure due process enshrined in our Constitution.


Tourette's syndrome (TS) is characterized by motor and vocal tics that begin in childhood. This overview of the pathogenesis and clinical features of TS focuses primarily on treatment issues. TS is a heterogeneous disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) can be seen in TS, but they have some unique features in this setting. Other potentially associated behavioral disturbances include self-injurious behavior and depression.

The …


Researchers have long been aware of sizeable racial differences in the prevalence and timing of premarital sexual behavior. In a national US sample of youth aged 15-16 blacks are shown about 4 times more likely than whites to report ever having intercourse. Various explanations are hypothesized: a demographic composotion explanation that stresses differential socioeconomic position; an explanation that focuses on the consequences of low socioeconomic position a higher incidence of female-headed households or differences in school performance or educational aspirations; and a contextual explanation based on differences in subgroup attitudes or norms. Results provide limited support for the demographic composition argument and stronger support for a contextual subgroup explanation. Blacks in predominately black classrooms are much more likely to report ever having intercourse. For whites attending a class that is mostly white lowers the odds of having several sexually active friends. Youths reporting several or more friends having had intercourse are over 3 times more likely to report that they have had intercourse. In racially isolated and mixed classrooms blacks are 18.6 and 2.1 times more likely than whites to expect parenthood to occur before or at the same time as marriage. Perhaps adequate treatment of social context will push us further toward understanding teenage sexual behavior than will more refined analyses of individual characteristics.


The reactions of tetrahydrothiophene and 1-butanethiol on Mo(110) have been investigated by using temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy, isotopic exchange reactions, and Auger electron spectroscopy. At low exposures, tetrahydrothiophene decomposes below 400 K to gaseous dihydrogen and surface carbon and sulfur. Higher tetrahydrothiophene exposures also result in reaction limited formation of butane and butene at 350 and 380 K, respectively. Preadsorption of a saturation coverage of hydrogen or deuterium atoms decreases the temperature at which butane is formed by 50 K and increases the yield of butane by a factor of approximately 6 at reaction saturation. The butene formation peak is unaffected by the presence of excess surface hydrogen. Reversible desorption of molecularly bound tetrahydrothiophene from the Mo(110) surface is observed at 310 K. In the absence of preadsorbed hydrogen, approximately 25% of the tetrahydrothiophene that reacts forms hydrocarbons, as measured by Auger electron spectroscopy. An irreversibly bound hydrocarbon fragment is present on the surface which decomposes at 565 K to produce gaseous dihydrogen. The butane, butene, and dihydrogen incorporate surface deuterium. The proposed mechanism for this reaction is initial hydrogenation of one of the ..cap alpha..-carbon atoms with accompanying C-S bond scission.


METEORITE ANALOG MATERIALS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF MARTIAN SURFACE FINES. A. C. McAdam, L. A. Leshin and R. P. Harvey Department of Geological Science, Arizona State University, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, firstname.lastname@example.com, Center for Meteorite Studies, ASU, P.O. Box 872504, Tempe, AZ 85287-2504, Department of Geological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7216.


In previous studies we found that pig zona pellucida glycoprotein pZP1 may act as the secondary sperm receptor during penetration into the zona pellucida. In this study, a recombinant pZP1(1-198) protein (r-pZP1) was produced to examine the direct binding of pZP1 to spermatozoa. When boar spermatozoa were co-cultured with pig cumulus oophorus in TC199 medium containing r-pZP1 proteins, r-pZP1 bound to the spermatozoa invaded the cumulus oohorus. The binding site was in the acrosomal region, but no sperm binding of r-pZP1 was observed when they were incubated in the medium without cumulus oophorus. This suggests that the cumulus cells played a role in exposing the ligand molecules for r-pZP1 in the acrosomal region. When boar spermatozoa were incubated with pig cumulus-oocyte complex in the medium containing r-pZP1, r-pZP1 bound to the spermatozoa adhered to the zona pellucida in the postnuclear region and the tail. r-pZP1 also bound to human spermatozoa pretreated with Ca++ ionophore A23187 and the binding site migrated from the equatorial region to the tail during incubation. Western blot analysis with crude extracts of boar spermatozoa revealed that three molecules, Mr 55K, Mr 40K and Mr 25K, reacted to r-pZP1.


The properties of the matter created at RHIC will be further investigated at the LHC. High transverse momentum jets will play a key role in these studies. In this paper, we discuss a jet observable newly accessible at the LHC: decays of high transverse momentum γ* and Z0 to lepton pairs in association with quark or gluon jets. Semileptonic and decays to dileptons, the main backgrounds, are investigated at next-to-leading order using HVQMNR, an exclusive next-to-leading order calculation. By comparing the γ*/Z0 +jet signal to the heavy flavor + jet background rate, we determine whether this new jet observable is viable.


This paper investigates the dynamics of bio-particles in an aqueous electrolyte solution in a microchannel with an electrode array. The fluid flow is driven by the electroosmotic pumping effect and the bio-particle motion is controlled by the dielectrophoretic force and the fluid drag force. Bio-particles are modeld as neutral elliptical particles and hence both the translational and rotational motions are resolved.


Agricultural production is facing a challenging transition through changing political framework conditions and climate change. Innovative field use and land management through temporal and spatial diversification measures support the political efforts to achieve the European Green Deal. However, increasing precipitation intensities through climate change are leading to an increased risk of soil erosion by water. To mitigate such risk, soil erosion should be taken into account when redesigning fields and landscapes. This paper aims to assess the present erosion risk situation in the innovative on‐farm field experiment "patchCROP" with several implemented spatio‐temporal crop diversification measures (field size, flower strips, crop rotation), using the physically‐based Erosion 3D simulation model at the field scale. The modelling results showed that field reshaping from one large field into smaller field segments had the potential to reduce soil erosion. Flower strips reduced the sediment discharge to approximately half of that of small field segments without flower strips. However, as model results indicated, heterogeneous landscapes showed complex erosion and deposition patterns. To identify these, making use of physically based soil erosion models in new field arrangements is a critical future task.


Being able to understand and carry out spoken natural instructions even in limited domains is extremely challenging for current robots. The difficulties are multifarious, ranging from problems with speech recognizers to difficulties with parsing disfluent speech or resolving references based on perceptual or task-based knowledge. In this paper, we present our efforts at starting to address these problems with an integrated natural language understanding system implemented in our DIARC architecture on a robot that can handle fairly unconstrained spoken ungrammatical and incomplete instructions reliably in a limited domain.


The MADYMO simulation model of the rear occupant restraint system based a current car model was constructed, researching the influence of the rear seat cushion stiffness and cushion angle with the floor, the 3-point seatbelt webbing stiffness and retractor locking feature on rear-seat passenger safety in the head-on collision. Thereafter, the entire rear occupant restraint system was optimised. The result shows when the rear seat cushion stiffness is 30N/mm, the cushion angle is 25°, the safety belt stiffness is 11% and the webbing output after the retractor locks is 30mm, rear occupant would obtain the optimum protection.


The popularity of online shopping among Nepalese customers has increased with the cost-reduction of technologybased goods, the cost of internet services, and easy access to the internet. At the same time, the convenient modes of payments, and user-friendly, as well as, interactive shopping apps are further paving a pathway to unprecedented growth in the online shopping companies. The online shopping companies in Nepal have been seen following the Business to Consumer (B2C), Customer to Customer (C2C), or the 'Facebook Store' business model. The paper has taken 300 respondents, as a sample, who have at least twice shopping experiences, from a single online shopping company. The multiple-choice question, and open-end questions related to the preference, and problems faced were asked while going for online shopping in Nepal. In context to Nepal, time-saving, offers, easy ordering system and information available at the online shopping portal, were the main reasons for the shoppers, to prefer online shopping. The service quality provided by the online company, made the Nepalese customer, prefer online shopping. The quality of the product delivered to the customer was seen to be the major problem in Nepalese online shopping. The delivery of the wrong product was also seen one of the problems in online shopping in Nepal.


This study presents civil engineering students' observations on the practical education they receive at public universities in Ethiopia. The teaching approach in Ethiopia heavily favours theory-based teaching over skills-based teaching and there has been a gap in studies addressing the issue. Final year civil engineering students from two major public universities in Ethiopia participated in the study. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistical analysis and statistical tests were carried out using SPSS to study distribution and relationship of items. Results indicated that there is a gap in the practical teaching approach at both universities, contrary to curriculum requirements and international guidelines. In addition, statistical tests indicated that theory-based teaching had decreased students' interest in civil engineering and their satisfaction in the education they received.


This article analyzes the political outcome of voluntary participation through three North-African youth associations. The interactionist model as well as ethnographic methods disclose processes of politicisation avoidance within the larger context of voluntary associations, which differs from the results of previous quantitative studies on the link between political participation and voluntary associations. Eventually, the author comes up with a wider definition of political involvement. Similarly, individual political participation rationales are revised and redefined in terms of political competence and interactionist levels of political participation.


Attachment in Psychotherapy David J Wallin. New York (NY): Guilford Press; 2007.366 p. US$38.00 Reviewer rating: Excellent Review by Paul I Steinberg, MD, FRCPC, and Carolyn R Steinberg, MSc, MD Vancouver, British Columbia This book is clearly written, despite the concentration of material it offers. The author appears very knowledgeable about the subject. The book is quite readable. It is an excellent review of contemporary psychoanalytic thought, including relational and intersubjective approaches, and incorporates consideration of mentalization and mindfulness. David J Wallin offers a "model of psychotherapy that involves the transformation of the self through relationship."p 2 In comparing psychotherapy with early development, he notes that cocreated relationships of attachment are the key context for development, that preverbal experience makes up the core of the developing self, and that the stance of the self toward experience predicts attachment security better than the facts of personal history themselves. Wallin emphasizes that "the patient who cannot (or will not) articulate his own dissociated or disavowed experience will evoke it in others, enact it in others, or embody it," adding that, the therapist must pay particular attention to her own subjective experience, to the transference-countertransference enactments jointly created by patient and therapist, and to the nonverbal language of emotion in the body... for all these are roots to accessing and eventually integrating what the patient has had to deny ordisown.p4 An introductory chapter expands on attachment and change. Part 1, "Bowlby and Beyond," describes the foundations of attachment theory and the contributions of Bowlby, Main, Ainsworth, and Fonagy, with an emphasis on mentalization, affect regulation, and intersubjectivity. Wallin provides an excellent review of the foundations of attachment theory and the work of Bowlby and Ainsworth. He provides a well organized historical basis and sequence of attachment research, guiding the reader through in a helpful manner. Wallin has a remarkable ability for summarizing research in a readable format. His chapters are short and punchy, with a pleasing writing style. In Part 2, "Attachment Relations and the Development of the Self," Wallin describes multiple dimensions of the self that are first shaped and can be reshaped in an attachment context. He summarizes research documenting the varieties of attachment experience, which provides an evocative basis for grasping the origin, meaning, and impact of each of the 4 primary states of mind with respect to attachment. He builds bridges between attachment research and clinical practice, focusing on affect regulation, the cocreated attachment relationship, and qualities of collaborative communication fostering security both in childhood and in psychotherapy. Wallin includes an excellent summary of the impact of neurobiology on attachment experience. He makes repeated reference to Bollas' "unthought known" without explicitly discussing Bollas' contribution beyond a passing reference, although he bases a whole chapter on the unthought known. Part 2 deals with multiple dimensions of the self, the varieties of attachment experience, and how attachment relationships shape themselves. …


There is an urgent need to understand species and community responses to climatic and ecological changes to predict biodiversity patterns given anticipated global change. The current distribution of species and the environment provide a limited perspective to study and predict ecological responses; therefore, biodiversity responses to past environmental changes must be examined. The rapid development of ecological niche models (ENMs) and their use in reconstructing past species distributions has facilitated inclusion of past observations into predictive models. Paleodata offer an opportunity to test the predictive ability of ENMs and their underlying assumptions. However, paleodata remain underutilized despite the rapidly growing field of paleoinformatics. New modeling methods that incorporate species associations, coupled with paleodata, provide more robust approaches to studying species and community responses, especially given the predicted emergence of no-analog climates and communities in the future.


As a network QoS technique, two rate three color marker(trTCM) has been widely used in the implementation of traffic policing, traffic shaping and port rate limiting. The implementation of the trTCM is usually based on software,whichis simple and easy to be configured. However,the software trTCM has low marking precision and it cannot be easily scaled tosupport high- speednetwork traffic. We propose a novel method to design and implement thetrTCM based on FPGA. Thekey configuration parameters of the trTCMare optimized based on thethoroughly theoretical analysis.The experimental results show that the average mark accuracyof the designedtrTCMis as high as99.9734%withacceptable fewer hardware resources. Index Terms-Two rate three color marker; QoS; FPGA


Abstract Background: Infection with resistant gram-negative bacteria is a growing threat to hospitalised patients. Aim: To determine factors associated with mortality among infants infected by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella species (Klebs-ESBL) and to assess whether selective empirical use of meropenem (MERO) is associated with high mortality. Methods: Medical records of neonates admitted from January 2002 to December 2003 who had positive blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture with Klebs-ESBL were reviewed for clinical, management and outcome information. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with mortality among infants with culture-proven Klebs-ESBL. Results: A hundred patients had positive blood (n=97) and/or CSF cultures (n=9) owing to Klebs-ESBL. Overall mortality rate was 30%. The mortality rates among those who were empirically started on a combination of piperacillin–tazobactam and amikacin (Pip–Taz+Amik) (n=48), meropenem (MERO) (n=40) and in those not started on MERO or Pip–Taz+Amik) (n=12) were 25%, 32% and 42%, respectively. Non-survivors were younger (p=0.01), had cardio-respiratory compromise or required assisted ventilation at presentation (p<0.001), and were not started on antibiotics, MERO or Pip–Taz+Amik (p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, factors associated with mortality were vaginal delivery (OR −7.07, 95% CI 2.14–23.39), a need for assisted ventilation at onset of illness (OR −4.94, 95% CI 1.12–21.86) and not starting empirical MERO or Pip–Taz+Amik (OR −17.01, 95% CI 2.41–120.23). Conclusion: While empirical use of carbapenems for nosocomial sepsis might be appropriate in areas where Klebs-ESBL is prevalent, their use can be restricted to those with cardio-respiratory compromise or severe sepsis without an increase in mortality.


There is little consensus on where and how employment is decentralising in metropolitan areas. However, a number of key processes have been brought to light, and different cities have tended to display different processes: strong CBDs, suburban polynucleation, job dispersal, scattering, edgeless cities and perhaps 'keno capitalism'. This paper explores the distribution and growth of employment at a fine spatial scale. It is shown that, at this scale, there are very dynamic processes of growth and decline throughout metropolitan areas, but that these processes are organised at a wider scale by stable employment centres and by links between these centres. The structures and processes thus revealed suggest that the spatial economy of metropolitan areas should be approached as a chaotic system. From an empirical perspective, this means that, depending on the scale of analysis and the way data are considered, polynucleation, dispersal and chaos are all observed: this may partly explain the lack of consensus in the literature. The only process not evident within Canadian cities is scattering, but this process may in fact be occurring within some areas identified as suburban employment zones.


Remote attestation is an important mechanism to provide the trustworthiness proof of a computing system by verifying its inte grity. In this poster, we propose a dynamic remote attestation fram ework for efficiently attesting a target system based on an informa tion flow-based integrity model. With this model, the high integr ity processes of a system are first verified through measurements and these processes are then protected from accesses initiated by low integrity processes. Also, our framework verifies the lates t changes in a system's new state, instead of considering the entire sy stem information. In addition, we adopt a graph-based method to rep resent integrity violations with a ranked violation graph, which s upports intuitive reasoning of attestation results. We also descri be our experiments and performance evaluation.


Leadership training for the gifted should be introduced in the regular curriculum starting in the elementary grades and continuing through high school. The primary thrust of the program should be based on the principles of participatory democracy.


This paper describes and evaluates sevaral new methods for the construction of high order perceptrons. The methods are based on approximating real valued data by Boolean values and to use these as a base for the construnction of a high order neural network. The methods are evaluated for their eeectiveness in reducing the network size by comparing them to fully connected N 1-th order networks and their performance is evaluated by testing the generalization capabilities of the resulting networks.


This bachelor thesis deals with contracts which are concluded as take-it-or-leave-it contracts. This work is focus on using this type of contracts in practice and consumer protection. The part of this work is comparison of old and new legislation of Adhesion Contracts institute.


This paper designed a kind of Commercial Building Guide System,considering diversified demands,using spatial analysis functions and the method of calculating synthetic scores. This system based on Oracle Spatial calculates scores according to the users' diversified demands,aiming to provide more scientific and convenient aids for people.


At , Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Statistics Sweden. "Yearbook of Housing and Building Statistics 2007". Statistics Sweden, Energy, Rents and Real Estate Statistics Unit, 2007. ISBN 978-91-618-1361-2. Available online in Sweden"s capital is Stockholm, with 1.3 million inhabitants also the largest city.