Public construction is a basic point of administrative mission in modern administrative structure.Under the background of urbanization,the expansion of public construction mission and the diversification of administrative mission together make it difficult for the administrative subject o undertake the complicated public construction mission itself.Regulative expropriation is a legal mechanism to transfer the public construction mission from administrative subject to private land users,basing on the social foundation of guiding land use toward fairness and justice.However,considering several legal problems faced by this transfer model,its legality still needs examinations from various angles.


Despite its great potential, high‐throughput functional genomic data are rarely integrated and applied to characterizing the genomic basis of fertility. We obtained and reprocessed over 30 functional genomics datasets from human and mouse germ cells to perform genome‐wide prediction of genes underlying various reproductive phenotypes in both species. Genes involved in male fertility are easier to predict than their female analogs. Of the multiple genomic data types examined, protein–protein interactions are by far the most informative for gene prediction, followed by gene expression, and then epigenetic marks. As an application of our predictions, we show that copy number variants (CNVs) disrupting predicted fertility genes are more strongly associated with gonadal dysfunction in male and female case–control cohorts when compared to all gene‐disrupting CNVs (OR = 1.64, p < 1.64 × 10−8 vs. OR = 1.25, p < 4 × 10−6). Using gender‐specific fertility gene annotations further increased the observed associations (OR = 2.31, p < 2.2 × 10−16). We provide our gene predictions as a resource with this article.


In 2001, the NLN Board of Governors agreed that the time had come to establish uniform standards to amalgamate the constituent leagues and bring about managerial and functional uniformity. For many years, NLN constituent leagues (CLs) functioned under individually defined, bylaws. Many struggled to remain solvent and became inactive when elected board and committee members could no longer volunteer their time. Limited financial resources precluded the ability of these organizations to pay staff for day-to-day operations. In addition, since, most CLs, as subdivisions of the NLN, used the parent organisation's tax-exempt status, there was growing concern about fiduciary reporting responsibilities to the Internal Revenue Service. At this time, there was a wide variance in levels of service and continuing education programs among the various CLs nationwide. To some degree, there was also a duplication of efforts. To enhance continuity and bring about a close, mutually advantageous working relationship, the NLN established the Constituent Organizations Advisory Council (COAC), which was charged with developing recommendations for minimum requirements a CL must meet to acquire affiliate status and use the NLN name and logo. Many volunteer hours by COAC members have been devoted to the development of six affiliation standards as well as guidelines, interpretative statements, and implementation plans with appropriate timelines to assist CLs in this process. (see Sidebar.) Support has been readily available to CLs that request assistance from COAC members and NLN executive staff. The new standards encourage a self-evaluation process whereby CLs build on their strengths and attend to areas that need improvement. National uniform bylaws and strategic plans give the CLs a year-by-year working plan. Financial records have been audited to meet tax-filing requirements, and mutual support and communication have been enhanced between the CLs and the NLN. A new spirit of volunteerism has emerged. The Kentucky and District of Columbia leagues, which had become inactive, have seen a rebirth in their respective organizations. Their leaders have organized new elections and plans have been made for the development of future educational programs. Another resurgence occurred in the Iowa league, which has experienced a 50 percent increase in membership. For the first time in five years, the Iowa league has offered a continuing education program in conjunction with its annual meeting. Along with the NLN, the CLs are rapidly moving forward with initiatives to meet the many challenges faced by the nursing proiession due to the current nursing shortage. Standards have been established to develop educational tools and measurement criteria, promote research, and develop and implement support strategies for nurse educators. In those areas of the country without a constituent league, the NLN has encouraged and supported the established leagues to provide regional programs to meet the needs of nurse educator colleagues. The inclusive philosophy of the NLN its support for a wide range of nursing education entry levels - encourages the development of strategies that will open nursing to groups that have been underrepresented in the profession. For example, the Missouri league has developed a summer nursing academy that provides llth and 12th grade high school students from rural northeastern Missouri the opportunity to "shadow" professional nurses and learn basic skills taught by faculty at Moberly Area Community College. The Missouri league also offers a model for successful support of nursing students through its mentoring program, the Missouri Leadership Council for Nursing Students, which helps students transition successfully into the professional practice arena. Cultivating interest and enthusiasm for the profession is vital for attracting the growing number of individuals needed for nursing's future. …


We investigate the existence, local uniqueness and local stability properties of almost sinusoidal periodic oscillations in a class of nonlinear control systems subjected to a nonconstant periodic input. Provided two parameters are sufficiently small, a modified Routh-Hurwitz condition is given which determines the stability of the forced response. The analysis uses (1) the classical single-input sinusoidal describing function to predict the amplitude and phase shift of the fundamental component of the forced response; (2) a novel linearization of the forced problem; (3) averaging; and (4) a simple theorem concerning perturbed linear systems. We present several systems which, in theory, satisfy our results. A specific example demonstrates how the results could be used in practice.


This study aimed at identifying the effect of educational counselling program on academic adjustment for Faculty of Physical Education students. The researcher used experimental method for a single experimental group. The researcher used (adjustment with university life scale) developed by "Yahia Daoud" (2001). The research population consisted of (595) second year female students from Faculty of Physical Education, Helwan University, for the academic year 2019/2020. The educational counselling program was applied on the study sample of (14) female students who obtained the lowest score on the (adjustment with university life scale). The results showed statistically significant differences between the pre and post measurements for the research sample in (academic, psychological) fields on the (adjustment with university life scale), and there are no statistically significant differences between pre and post measurements of the research sample in the social field.


The article analyzes some aspects of the right to be heard as the component of the rule of law in the
activities of local governments. The paper focuses on the differences in the activities of the local government
and the state government, and on the ways the local government may become closer to the needs of citizens.
The emphasis is put on the relation between the right to be heard with other components of the rule of
law, such as legality, legal certainty, equality, proportionality, transparency (openness), availability, the
right to appeal, accountability. It is stated that using a single component of the rule of law without taking
into account the requirements of the other components is unacceptable.
The right to be heard is viewed through separate components that reveal its practical meaning. The
author illustrates the requirements to the local governments regarding the implementation of the right of
citizens and communities to be heard, based on the practice of the Council of Europe, namely on
Resolution (77) 31 "On the Protection of the Individual in Relation to the Acts of Administrative Authorities"
and Recommendation No. R (87) 16 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States "On Administrative
Procedures Affecting a Large Number of Persons." Specifically, those requirements include the right to
access information, the right to have assistance and representation services, the duty of the authority to
inform on the reasons of its decision. The requirements also include the ability of members of a community
to access all existing procedures that are associated with the adoption of the act, to conduct closed or open
hearings, to ensure the participation of major groups in the preparation of decisions through their
representatives, namely through participation into the advisory body of the competent authority. During this
procedure, the authority has to take into account facts, arguments, and evidences that are submitted by all
interested parties. The participants of the discussion should be given access to relevant information, the
reasons that are in the basis of an administrative act, etc.
The analysis of failing to implement the right to be heard and its consequences are outlined in the
decision "Dzemyuk v. Ukraine" of the European Court of Human Rights.


Feature selection aims to select the most relevant subset of features to make classifiers more accurate, fast, and easy to understand. Regularized sparse feature selection methods using L1-norm regularization term in their optimization problem, have received much attention in recent years. In this paper, besides the L1-norm regularization term a locality structure preserving regularization term based on positive data points is proposed. Positive data is defined as the unique data points involved in the must-link constraints, which are the most informative data. The experimental results on a number of datasets, show the efficacy of the proposed method for classification tasks compared with similar feature selection methods.


Bamba et al . (2012) have obtained cosmological magnetic fields in teleparallel torsion theories of gravity that are not compatible with galactic dynam os. This result agrees with previous ones obtained by the author which shows Garcia de Andrade (1999) that anti-dynamo generalised theorem to torsion theories forbides such kind of dynamos to explain g alactic magnetic fields of the order ofG. More recently the author has suggested Garcia de Andrade (2012) that a sort of Biermann battery could be obtained in torsioned cosmology. Nevertheless in th is study we show that this can be a particular result, since the second author did not took into a ccount mean field dynamo equations in torsion field background. Actually it is shown that amplification or not of the magnetic field depends upon handness sign of the torsion field vector. It is sh own that density fluctuations of spin-torsion densi ty implies also a possibility of amplification of the cosmic magnetic fields. From WMAP data it is possible to estimate the spin-torsion fluctuation a s 10 6 which represents an order of magnitude lower than the matter density. By making use of the gravi tational couling of type RF 2 one obtains 10 37 G for the Planck era magnetic field, which is a much more stringent limit than the ones obtained earlier. Th e magnetic field obtained today is 10 23 G is obtained which is able to seed galactic dynamos .


Based on uncertainty system with universal g rey mathematics,an uncertainty system model USM-1 to data processing of testing moisture regain of the ramie fiber was put forward. With this model,the data do n't need to be preprocessed and the generations of accumulate plus and subtract don't need to be made. The method can be used for model establishing on equal in terval,as well as on non-interval. It has high precision and easy to use.


Dictionary of medicine in the form of a thick book has many disadvantages, one of which is impractical. This is the reason for Indonesian developers to create drugs e-Dictionary. But the drugs e-Dictionary that has been developed is still in the form of a letter index so that users must search the terms one by one in sequential order. This has become so inefficient and ineffective that it is necessary to add a search function and query suggestion feature to the drug e-dictionary. The purpose of this study is to build a query suggestion facility on drugs e-Dictionary using the Levenshtein Distance algorithm. The stages of this research consist of the Development of web-based drugs e-Dictionary, Implementation of the Levenshtein Distance Algorithm, Query Suggestion Testing, and Usage. Based on the results of the implementation of the Levenshtein Distance algorithm and test results, Drugs e-Dictionary can evaluate words that are not in the database. The query suggestion function works by producing the closest word output contained in the database.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rolled electrochemical element with stable electric connection between a current collecting part and a current collecting plate and capable of preventing inner short circuit. SOLUTION: The rolled electrochemical element has an electrode group consisting of a first and a second electrode plates wound around through a separator, of which, the first electrode plate includes a first current collector and an active material carried on its surface and the second electrode plate includes a second collector and an active material carried on its surface. A first current collecting part is formed at least at either of the two end parts of the first current collector in the width direction, and a second current collecting part is formed at least at either of the two end parts of the second collector in the width direction. At least either the first collecting part or the second collecting part is so structured to prevent formation of an acute part at least at an innermost periphery part of the electrode group. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI


Electrically active point defects in Cz p-type Silicon (boron doped) created by low dose ion implantation of /sup 1/H, /sup 11/B, /sup 28/Si and /sup 74/Ge have been studied using deep level transient spectroscopy. Doses in the range 10/sup 7/ and 10/sup 10/ cm/sup -2/ and energies from 0.32 MeV to 7 MeV are used. Defects involving vacancies, interstitials and impurities are identified. In such a low dose regime, no defects related to the implanted species are observed. The formation of these defects is studied as a function of dose, sample depth and ion mass. In addition to substitutional carbon and interstitial oxygen as impurities in the as grown silicon, presence of one defect level related to metallic impurities is identified. Electron irradiation studies reveal that this level originates from a complex formed by a reaction between Cu and C/sub i/O/sub i/. The interaction between copper and implantation induced defects results in a copper decoration of the defect concentration versus depth profile.


. Classical harmonic analysis says that the spaces of homogeneous harmonic polynomials (solutions of Laplace equation) are irreducible modules of the corresponding orthogonal Lie group (algebra) and the whole polynomial algebra is a free module over the invariant polynomials generated by harmonic polynomials. Algebraically, this gives an ( sl (2 , R ) , o ( n, R )) Howe duality. In this paper, we study two-parameter oscillator variations of the above theorem associated with noncanonical oscillator representations of o ( n, C ). We find the condition when the homogeneous solution spaces of the variated Laplace equation are irreducible modules of o ( n, C ) and the homogeneous subspaces are direct sums of the images of these solution subspaces under the powers of the dual differential operator. This establishes an ( sl (2 , C ) , o ( n, C )) Howe duality on some homogeneous subspaces. In generic case, the obtained irreducible o ( n, C )-modules are infinite-dimensional non-unitary modules without highest-weight vectors. When both parameters are equal to the maximal allowed value, we obtain explicit irreducible ( G , K )-modules for o ( n, C ).


During the soil filling construction of the Dongyidao overpass abutment in Ning-Huai expressway,lime stabilized expansive soil is used as filler.Based on direct shear test done in laboratory,shear strength and friction characteristic between soil and geogrid under the situation of different water content have been studied.


In the summer of 1997, the ITESM initiated a project to reengineer the teaching-learning process at the 27 campuses of the system. The project incorporates the fundamental aspects written in the ITESM mission statement for the year 2005. In particular, to achieve the desired profile for the ITESM students, each course regardless of the discipline, must incorporate attitudes, values and abilities explicitly written on the mission statement. For instance, honesty, self-study, cooperative learning, autoevaluation, and critical thinking are, among others, some of the values and abilities distributed during the course. This distribution is performed adding procedural and attitudinal contents to the standard conceptual contents written in the analytical program for the course. This article presents the redesign of an introductory electronics class that is taken by junior students of the Electric and Mechanic Engineering Program at ITESM, Campus Monterrey. The redesign process implies the transformation of a traditional educative process, focused mainly on teaching and centered around the professor, to an educational process focused on learning and centered around the student. The paper describes an instructional model that strengthens the knowledge-acquisition stage, and promotes the development of abilities, attitudes and values.


This bulletin gives methods and instructions for drying and evaporating fruits. Among the methods discussed are drying by kiln, artificial heat, and the sun. Details for market preparation are also provided. Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, prunes, apricots, and berries are fruits which may be dried.


Abstract Vegetation and herbivore usage at three moorland sites have been monitored since 1969/1970. Heavy grazing soon caused Calluna to be replaced by graminoid species, and this paper is concerned mostly with the floristics of the new grasslands observed over the last 20–23 years of the study. Compositional changes in this period were minor, with no change in the best-fit allegiances to NVC vegetation types. At one site where the livestock were restricted to a relatively small range within which some reseeding occurred, the vegetation belonged to NVC Lolium-Cynosurus grassland MG6b despite not having been ploughed. At a second site the vegetation was NVC Agrostis-Festuca-Galium grassland U4d with much Luzula multiflora. At the third site the vegetation was NVC U4a but fairly rich in species including some of NVC Festuca-Agrostis-Thymus grassland CG10. This last site has conservation value due to both the rarity of the grassland type in NE Scotland and the occurrence of rare angiosperms. The driver of change at the three sites was thought to be the grazing exerted, and no evidence was found of species composition reacting to climate change or nitrogen deposition.


Moisture absorption is a major concern in the case of natural fibers used as reinforcement in structural composites. Bamboo strip as a kind of natural material has been used to reinforce vinyl ester resin, in this study. The moisture absorption behavior of the bamboo strips and their adhesion to vinyl ester resin at different levels of relative humidity (RH) during specimen fabrication are investigated. To improve moisture resistance and the adhesion to vinyl ester resin under high RH conditions, the bamboo strips are subject to different chemical treatments, that is with alkaline, pre-alkaline and acetic anhydride, pre-alkaline and potassium permanganate, and pre-alkaline and silane. The study of the equilibrium moisture content of modified bamboo strips shows that it is slightly increased by alkaline treatment, while it is reduced by the other three methods, especially by acetylation due to its well-known esterification. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) by pull-out test is greatly improved after th...


This report summarizes the development of a system which senses, displays and records the slack action or inter-car movement in freight trains. The system, called the Draft-Buff Indicator (DBI), was developed to serve as a train-handling aid. It provides the user (railroad training officer, accident investigator or locomotive engineer) with a real-time display of the draft-buff distribution within a moving train and also provides a record of the information for later analysis. The report discusses the development of the sensors, transmitters, receivers and display which make up the system, as well as alternative versions of the system which were considered and rejected for various reasons. The report also discusses the various applications of the system in revenue service and in accident analysis up to the time of publication.


The purpose of this study was to determine the differences of Internet Financial Reporting Quality. This study was using quantitative approach with one way anova and kruskal wallis. The population of this study was official website of islamic banks in Indonesia, Malaysia, Iran, Sudan. The data was collected from official website sentral bank in each country and official website of islmaic bank in each country. Data that being used was primary data. The result of this study showes that there was significant differences of Internet Financial Reporting Quality between Indonesia, Malaysia, Iran, Sudan. The difference is caused there are significant differences between the quality of content, timeliness, user support components. Meanwhile, there is no differences between technology components.


A low-profile dual-polarized high-isolation multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna array for wideband base-station applications is presented in this paper. The proposed dual-polarized antenna element has the advantage of lower profile ( $0.067\lambda $ ) by utilizing artificial magnetic conductor structure. The antenna array consisting of four elements is working within the frequency band from 2.4 to 3 GHz. Furthermore, decoupling branches among the elements are introduced to improve the isolation by about 10 dB. Both simulation and measured results indicate that the proposed dual-polarized antenna element has a good isolation over 28 dB. Moreover, the beamwidth of the antenna array can be effectively broadened by the adjustment of phase distributions of corresponding artificial material plane. Finally, a larger MIMO system is also investigated, and the simulation and measured results prove that dual-polarized dipole antenna MIMO array has good system performance.


Analyse and disuss 90m 2 sinter air leak problem in Angang sinter plant;introduce the reforming toward it and the effect


Colicin A is a pore‐forming bacteriocin that depends upon the Tol proteins in order to be transported from its receptor at the outer membrane surface to its target, the inner membrane. The presequence of yeast mitochondria cytochrome c1 (pc1) as well as the first 167 amino acids of cytochrome b2 (pb2) were fused to the pore‐forming domain of colicin A (pfColA). Both hybrid proteins (pc1‐pfColA and pb2‐pfColA) were cytotoxic for Escherichia coli strains devoid of colicin A immunity protein whereas the pore‐forming domain without presequence had no lethal effect. The entire precursors and their processed forms were found entirely associated with the bacterial inner membrane and their cytotoxicities were related to their pore‐forming activities. The proteins were also shown to kill the tol bacterial strains, which are unable to transport colicins. In addition, we showed that both the cytochrome C1 presequence fused to the dihydrofolate reductase (pc1‐DHFR) and the cytochrome c, presequence moiety of pc1‐pfColA were translocated across inverted membrane vesicles. Our results indicated that: (i) pc1‐pfColA produced in the cell cytoplasm was able to assemble in the inner membrane by a mechanism independent of the tol genes; (ii) the inserted pore‐forming domain had a channel activity; and (ii) this channel activity was inhibited within the membrane by the immunity protein.


MapReduce is a programming abstraction developed to simplify the parallel use of computational resources on a distributed system. It was developed by Google, and the implementation to be discussed relies on the clusters of machines and the distributed file system they have at their disposal [3]. Users of MapReduce provide two functions: a Map function performing some operation on pieces of an input file and producing a set of output key-value pairs, and a Reduce function combining values mapped to the same key to produce a final output file. The system automatically handles the details of efficient parallel computation, designating a master machine that assigns portions of the map or reduce tasks to individual worker machines [3.1].


To describe the prevalence and incidence of endometriosis and to estimate the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in women with endometriosis.


The paper analyzes the circuit breakers of some hydraulic mechanisms which produce tripping in high-intensity magnetic field interference of a converting station because of the lowest action voltages of their tripping coils.The improvement scheme is proposed in the paper.


Local products have played an important role in rural development models by making it possible to make effective use of natural resources, and stimulating rural development potential. There is a close relationship between production and marketing departments of commercial farms to introduce local products to target consumer masses impressively. The aim of this study is to explore individual consumers' purchase attitude and behaviours towards Ispir sugar bean and to design integrated marketing strategies based on the marketing mix or intrinsic and extrinsic attributes of Ispir sugar bean as a local product using conjoint analysis in SPSS statistic program. The data of this research were obtained from a survey conducted with 250 households in Erzurum, Turkey. The results of this study show that the most important factors affecting respondents' purchase attitude and behaviour for Ispir sugar bean were price, brand type, production type, origin mark and caliber size with 26.73, 14.79, 13.48, 12.34 and 12.32% relative importance, respectively. Therefore, marketers could design and apply the integrated marketing strategies such as price, manufacturer brand strategy with Ispir origin mark and organic production, product category management and retailing strategies for Ispir sugar bean. These strategies could stimulate rural development potential and could increase annual income levels of Ispir sugar bean producers in Ispir district of Erzurum province.


We summarize our recent studies on the origin of solar wind kinetic scale turbulence and electron halo in the electron velocity distribution function. Increasing observations of nanoflares and microscopic type III radio bursts strongly suggest that nanoflares and accelerated electron beams are common in the corona. Based on particle-in-cell simulations, we show that both the core-halo feature and kinetic scale turbulence observed in the solar wind can be produced by the nonlinear evolution of electron two-stream instability driven by nanoflare accelerated electron beams. The energy exchange between waves and particles reaches equilibrium in the inner corona and the key features of the turbulence and velocity distribution are preserved as the solar wind escapes into interplanetary space along open magnetic field lines. Observational tests of the model and future theoretical work are discussed.


An improved nipple prosthesis We were interested in the article by Sainsbury et al. (Annals, March 1991, vol 73, p67). The authors suggest that surgical reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex is technically difficult with poor long-term results, but we were unable to verify this in the reference they quote (1). Furthermore, several other techniques have been described since the book by Bostwick in 1983. In our experience the skate flap (2) gives a good aesthetic result and the patient avoids the disadvantages of a glued silastic prosthesis with a one-stage nipple-areola reconstruction which can be performed under local anaesthesia. For patients who prefer an external prosthesis, the technique described by Sainsbury et al. should give very satisfactory results, but a significant proportion of our patients prefer the permanency of surgical reconstruction and this should be offered to them. JAGDEEP NANCHAHAL PhD FRCS Senior House Officer DAI DAVIES FRCS Consultant Plastic Surgeon Charing Cross Hospital London


Leishmania has a remarkable ability to proliferate under widely fluctuating levels of essential nutrients, such as glucose. For this the parasite is heavily dependent on its gluconeogenic machinery. One perplexing aspect of gluconeogenesis in Leishmania is the lack of the crucial pyruvate carboxylase (PC) gene. PC-catalyzed conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate is a key entry point through which gluconeogenic amino acids are funnelled into this pathway. Absence of PC in Leishmania thus raises question about the mechanism of pyruvate entry into the gluconeogenic route. We report here that this task is accomplished in Leishmania major through a novel functional partnership between its mitochondrial malic enzyme (LmME) and cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (LmCA1). Using a combination of pharmacological inhibition studies with genetic manipulation, we showed that both these enzymes are necessary in promoting gluconeogenesis and supporting parasite growth under glucose limiting condition. Functional crosstalk between LmME and LmCA1 was evident when it was observed that the growth retardation caused by inhibition of any one of these enzymes could be protected to a significant extent by overexpressing the other enzyme. We also found that while LmCA1 exhibited constitutive expression, LmME protein level was strongly upregulated in low glucose condition. Notably, both LmME and LmCA1 were found to be important for survival of Leishmania amastigotes within host macrophages. Taken together, our results indicate that LmCA1 by virtue of its CO2 concentrating ability stimulates LmME-catalyzed pyruvate carboxylation, thereby driving gluconeogenesis through pyruvate-malate-oxaloacetate bypass pathway. Additionally, our study establishes LmCA1 and LmME as promising therapeutic targets.


The economics of semiconductor manufacturing have forced process engineers to develop techniques to increase wafer yield. Improvements in process controls and uniformities in all areas of the fab have reduced film thickness variations at the very edge of the wafer surface. This improved uniformity has provided the opportunity to consider decreasing edge exclusions, and now the outermost extents of the wafer must be considered in the yield model and expectations. These changes have increased the requirements on lithography to improve wafer edge printability in areas that previously were not even coated. This has taxed all software and hardware components used in defining the optical focal plane at the wafer edge. We have explored techniques to determine the capabilities of extreme wafer edge printability and the components of the systems that influence this printability. We will present current capabilities and new detection techniques and the influence that the individual hardware and software components have on edge printability. We will show effects of focus sensor designs, wafer layout, utilization of dummy edge fields, the use of non-zero overlay targets and chemical/optical edge bead optimization.


Poster is important knowledge of a school.It is a product of modern disciplinary knowledge in combination with the school's disciplinary power.In the view of Michel Foucault,the combination is realized by the art of space distribution,appropriate control of behavior,daily training,and recombination of strengths.It offers a frame to analyze the relationship between knowledge and power.By a microanalysis of knowledge,we can see how poster is combined with the school's disciplinary power.


We report the damageless surface morphology of gallium nitride (GaN) films during argon and nitrogen plasma etching at elevated temperatures up to 600 °C. For Ar plasma bombardment at high substrate temperatures of around 600 °C, Ar+ ion bombardment dissociates Ga–N bonds by the preferential removal of nitrogen, which promotes roughness of the GaN surface by the aggregation of gallium atoms. For the N2 plasma one, the N/Ga remains stoichiometric with higher values above 0.69, and the surface is not significantly roughened, even at 600 °C. Therefore, the aggregation of metallic Ga induces surface roughening during ion-enhanced etching of GaN at elevated substrate temperatures.


The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of a high school financial planning curriculum on the financial knowledge, behavior, and self-efficacy of 4,107 teens nationally. Statistically significant changes were found in financial knowledge, behavior, and self-efficacy both immediately after studying the curriculum and three months after completing the curriculum. About half the teens had gains in knowledge, a third had gains in behavior, and 40% increased their confidence in managing their money.


Abstract : The bacterial strains currently carried as active cultures in the U. S. Army Natick Laboratories' Culture Collection of Bacteria are listed. The list constitutes a partial revision of the original catalog of strains published in 1950 as the Quartermaster Culture Collection. The listed strains are available for distribution for specification testing of military materiel, and for educational and investigational purposes.


The trade of harvested wood products (HWPs) and their feedstock increasingly affects the dynamics of the complete national HWP carbon pool ignored by the Production Approach (PA), the current universal method, proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Existing research also overlooks the inherent factors that lead to the non-objectiveness of PA that affects the potential carbon trade and the sustainable use of forestry resources. This study aimed to investigate such inherent factors through a deductive derivation of PA and the Stock-Change Approach (SCA), based on which an empirical study on China was conducted to rethink the objectiveness of PA in the complete national HWP carbon pool. The deductive derivation indicated that the inherent factors rely on the balance between coefficients that describe the relationship between HWP trade and production and the relationship between the corresponding feedstock trade and production. The empirical study further illustrated that the dynamics of balance between coefficients negatively influence the objectiveness of PA. The absolute objectiveness of this approach was constantly weakened in the past 55 years and may potentially occur yet again in the future despite an improvement in its annual relative objectiveness.


ABSTRACT The article explores Jovan Živanović's youth melodrama Čudna devojka/Strange Girl (1962). I discuss why a particular genre configuration (melodrama qua coming-of-age story) becomes notably relevant in the time of Yugoslav conflict between socialist economic reforms and patriarchal/paternalist social patterns, and how Živanović's film responds to this concern. Reading the film through this genre configuration illustrates the unfair world of Yugoslav socialism, where the only way for the young heroine to be integrated is to renounce her mondain emancipatory practices. I argue that love, which drives the action in the film, resides on the idea of sacrifice which transforms the young heroine from emancipated modern girl into a working wife and mother. The film's love ideology is thus explained through the larger sociocultural context of Yugoslav self-management reform, and the beginning of a genuine consumerist society. The two opposing tendencies, which also transformed into Yugoslav intergenerational and intra-social clashes of the time, are interpreted as the ideological background of the heroine's patriarchal maturation in a socialist society.


Phytopathological studies of the state of shoots of common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of autumn sowing when grown in protected soil with the use of Agrotex covering material were carried out. The results of survey showed that when using fertilizers and soil activators-nitrogen, phosphorus, boric acid, EM EKO KZ Soil, EM EKO KZ soil (NPK) and humus, there is a drop in seedlings from 7.5 to 32.6%. The main reason for the death of shoots was the development and spread of infectious pathogens of seedlings. The species composition of pathogenic microflora in diseased plants is represented by a group of soil fungi belonging to the anamorphic division-Fusarium, Alternaria. Evaluation of the experience of introducing substances into the soil during autumn sowing showed that their use, as a rule, does not affect the resistance of plants to infectious pathogens, with the exception of boric acid, which has fungicidal activity.


We obtain $L^p(w)$ bounds for the Carleson operator ${\mathcal C}$ in terms of the $A_q$ constants $[w]_{A_q}$ for $1\le q\le p$. In particular, we show that, exactly as for the Hilbert transform, $\|{\mathcal C}\|_{L^p(w)}$ is bounded linearly by $[w]_{A_q}$ for $1\le q<p$. Our approach works in the general context of maximally modulated Calder\'on-Zygmung operators.


Abstract There is little knowledge on the pathophysiology of pediatric stroke associated with radiation-induced occlusive cerebral vasculopathy (RIOCV). Herein, we present an extremely rare case of a child with multiple ischemic strokes in association with progressive RIOCV. The possibility of hemodynamic compromise and artery-to-artery embolism as a cause of the ischemic events is discussed.


The classical Kraepelinean dichotomy between manic depressive insanity and the schizophrenias has been recently challenged from clinical and neurobiological quarters. It is not so infrequent to see patients shift from a manic to a schizophrenic symptomatology and vice versa. This paper proposes neurobiological mechanisms as to how these changes may occur, based on recent data on the functioning of neural networks at different modes.


Introduction The adversed events following the whole-cell pertussis vaccination (WCPV) among children, include, infantile spasms (IS), or West Syndrome(1).  The IS is an important epileptic encephalopathy of childhood, with a eletroencephalographic (EEG) pattern (hypsarrhythmia) and psycomotor delay  (2). The cessation of spasms and normalization of the EEG, implicates in better response and prognosis. It consists of corticosteroids (ACTH, prednisone) and antiepileptic drugs(AED) as vigabatrin(VGB), topiramate(TPM), valproic acid(VPA),  and pyridoxine (2). High dosage of pyridoxine, following the japanese and finish protocoles for ACTH (3)(4)(6) has been used. There is a trend in using ACTH in smaller dosage(5). Case report A child at 2 months, received the WCPV and developed after 20 days IS. She underwent pyridoxine, ACTH, clonazepan, valproic acid, nitrazepan, topiramate and clobazam. The recent MRI showed subtle slowing of myelination at the right frontal and temporal. She is now with a normal neurological and psycomotor development. A partial epilepsy is present now, controled with lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine and nitrazepan. Discussion  We think that the WCPV represent a harmfull instrument to develop the spasms (1).   Several protocoles have been atributted to IS. Beside the other AED the ACTH was used. We conclude in this case, probably broken out by the WCPV, the rational politherapy, according to universal protocoles was worthy. Despite  a partial epilepsy has developed, her neurological exam and development are normal. Findings with delays in myelination are not uncommon in patients with West Syndrome (7)(8) .


16037 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) tyrosine kinases represent potential targets in prostate cancer. HER2 promotes progression of prostate cancer to the hormone refractory stage and ligand-independent activation of androgen receptor in preclinical models. Inactivation of HER2 leads to inhibition of androgen receptor transcriptional activity and decreased synthesis of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Lapatinib (GW57206) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR and HER2. Methods: In this multicenter, open-label trial, patients with rising PSA on androgen deprivation therapy who completed antiandrogen withdrawal, if previously on antiandrogen, and have not received chemotherapy were eligible. They were treated with lapatinib at an oral dose of 1500 mg daily. The primary endpoints were to determine PSA response rates and time to PSA progression. Results: Twenty-nine patients enrolled on the study had a median age of 72.5 years (range 58–9...


In Finland the first experimental mediation projects founded on the principles and ideals of restorative justice were started in the beginning of the 1980s. Before the Act on Mediation in Criminal and Certain Civil Cases (1015/2005) came into force in 2006, mediation services were provided by cities, municipalities, and non-governmental organizations. Victim–offender mediation (VOM) practices varied, and there was minimal guidance and supervision by state authorities. The Act (1015/2005) aimed to standardize mediation services and practices and enable evaluation of VOM in order to provide solutions to some of the issues raised regarding mediation in intimate relationship violence (IRV). The Act states that only police or prosecutors may initiate the process for referring a case that involves intimate relationship violence. Furthermore, mediators/facilitators who handle IRV cases are required to attain further training. This article examines the ideals, attitudes, and practices of VOM in relation to intimate relationship violence in Finland. The aims and ideals stipulated in the Act on Mediation are presented and later compared to actual practices of VOM which were obtained through the review of documented agreements. These were the end-results of VOM in cases of intimate relationship violence. The empirical data also included a questionnaire sent to mediators in three offices as well as a national questionnaire sent to prosecutors.


Transportation systems are undergoing a major transition with the integration of electric vehicles (EVs). However, due to increase in battery energy and charger power ratings, potential adverse effects on the distribution grid is a crucial issue to be addressed. Large voltage drops at charging nodes will deteriorate the quality of power service and cause unfair utilization of grid capacity among EV users. Safe and efficient operation of the grid along with a fast, convenient, and fair charging strategy is an important research problem. In this paper, we adapt the additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) algorithm used in the Internet congestion control to EV charging using only local node measurements. We analyze the relationship between distance and grid voltage, and show how to extract this information from local measurements. Then, we present a detailed analysis to understand the relationship between distance and charging power in a distribution network to better address the fairness in the proposed AIMD EV charging algorithm. Results show that localized information at charging node voltages include important signature information on grid congestion and can be used to implement AIMD control for EV charging.


Decompression sickness (DCS) is due to the sudden release of nitrogen bubbles from saturated tissues, as predicted by Henry's Law and Dalton's Law Cerebral arterial gas embolism is due to pulmonary rupture and expansion of intravascular air bubbles, as predicted by Boyle's Law DCS may occur even if a diver keeps within the depth and time limits recommended by tables or a dive computer The greatest risk of pulmonary barotrauma occurs near the surface Never hold your breath when SCUBA diving.


We live in a world that is, increasingly, shaped by technology. Is globally accepted that the continuing rapid development of computer and other information technologies has transformed the environment in which young people access, create, and share information. According to this many countries have recognized the imperative of digital technologies, acknowledging the necessity to educate their citizens in them. Taking into account this new requirement it might be imperative to assess this kind of competences: digital competences.
 This article presents the review of different educational evaluations focusing on digital literacy and digital competences, understood as the set of skills, knowledge and attitudes needed in the 21st century for citizens and, needed to be taught at schools in the digital age. The first goal of this essay is have an overview on how digital competences can be assessed with four different examples: three in the context of USA: iSkills Assessment, 2002, ACTS21 Assessment, 2009 and the TEL Assessment, 2014; and secondly, one from the IEA context: the ICILS Assessment, 2013.
 Secondly, the essay pretends to show how crucial is the measurement of these digital competences, that constitutes the first step for policymakers to introduce formal learning programs about digital competences in the curricula of educational systems from the elementary school to higher education.


AUTHOR Denton, Jon J. TITLE Do Early Field Experiences in. Teacher Education Provide a Meaningful Context for Acquiring Pedagogical Knowledge? INSTITUTION Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Instructional Research Lab. REPORT NO TE-83004 PUB DATE Apr 83 NOTE 14p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Montreal, Canada, April 11-15, 1983). PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) Speeches/Conference Papers (150) -Reports Evaluative/Feasibility (142)


We investigate to generate coherent and frequency-lock optical multi-carriers by using cascaded phase modulators and recirculating frequency shifter (RFS) based on an EDFA loop. 113 coherent and frequency-lock subcarriers with tone-to-noise ratio larger than 26dB are generated. The amplitude difference of subcarriers obtained after a tilt filter covering about 22.6nm is less than 5dB.


Connecting element for the configuration of a stamped rivet connection of at least two component sections (30-32), wherein the connecting element is divided over its length in a head section (2), a leg section ( 4), and a shank section (3) extending between the head section (2) and the leg section (4), and the section to (4) has at its free end a base leg ( 8) with a cylindrical basic shape or approaches at least the cylindrical shape, in which an elevation (10; 16; 18; 27) circumferential ring-shaped is formed in the leg section (4) between the socket foot (8; 29) and the shank section (3), wherein the shank section (3) is cylindrically shaped or in a shape that looks like the cylindrical shape on its essential extension and a circumferential elevation (; 16; 18, 10 27) is exactly this ring-shaped section of the leg (4), characterized do because the shank section (3) has a diameter which is smaller than a diameter of the base of the leg (8).


Distributed simulation can speed up the execution of models significantly. We introduce a new simulation algorithm and present partitioning and load balancing techniques that are tailored to the efficient distributed execution of PDEVS. We base our elaborations on the idea of minimizing interprocessor communication, since this is a major bottleneck in distributed PDEVS simulation. Additionally, experimental results are provided which compare the performance of this new approach to alternative algorithms.


The aim of this thesis is to look into how communication is gathered, handled, processed and passed over from one person to another in Swedish sponsored international projects. It aims to define co ...


The article defines the most essential components of social competence: operational-content, personal-regulatory, motivational-emotional, behavioral. For their research, the indicators of social competence are singled out: the ability to analyze social situations, forecast, plan and achieve results, social awareness, the formation of social reflection, the ability to evaluate and regulate one's own behavior, the formation of socially oriented motivation, the formation of empathic tendencies in behavior, the application of acquired competences in behavior, having the ability to work in a team. Generalized levels of the formation of social competence among adolescents with intellectual disabilities were developed: high, sufficient, average, minimal. It was established that adolescents with intellectual disabilities mostly have a minimal level of social competence development (56.52%), which is characterized by a low level of perception and understanding of social life situations, lack of social expectations and prognostic abilities, lack of socially oriented motivation and empathic tendencies in behavior, lack of development skills of assessment and regulation of one's own behavior, application of acquired competences in activity and behavior, lack of social reflection, ability for team interaction. Some of them show an average (35.96%) and sufficient (7.53%) level of social competence formation. Adolescents with an average level show a partial understanding of the essence of social-normative behavior, do not always fully demonstrate social awareness, and show difficulties in transferring acquired competences into behavior. Children with a sufficient level are aware of the essence and content of social-normative behavior, show the ability to analyze social situations, however, apply the acquired competences mainly in typical and familiar situations.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing nurse turnover intention in small and medium sized hospitals in the metropolitan area. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. A questionnaire was distributed to the nurses in small and medium sized hospitals. The data of 209 nurses was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: Organizational commitment and age were identified as factors influencing turnover intention. These factors explained 56.8% of variance of turnover intention. Conclusion: Results suggest that establishment of organizational commitment needs to be discussed and continuously developed. Further study is also necessary to identify the key mechanism in nurse turnover


the roles they played" (106). This link between the actresses and the drama is Howe's real subject, and her treatment of it is richly suggestive. At times, her discussion seems constrained by her lack of engagement with gender theory or theories of performance and theatricality. If, as some critics have recently suggested, the transvestism of the Renaissance stage reinforced a cultural subtext of homoeroticism, was that subsumed in the Restoration into a pervasive discourse of heterosexuality? Although Howe does not address this issue directly, her focus is predominately on heterosexual relations both within the plays and between actresses and playwrights. She does mention Aphra Behn as a dramatist, and even discusses the roles Behn wrote for such actresses as Elizabeth Barry, but she does not explore the implications of this alliance between women. Nor does she examine the significance of the Elizabeth Barry/Anne Bracegirdle partnership, which tends to be presented in terms of stereotypical female roles they played. While the reader might wish that Howe had developed these aspects further, The First English Actresses nevertheless presents an enormous amount of information and will almost certainly provide the impetus for future studies. UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO Elizabeth D. Harvey


FORMATION PROCESS OF SPIRAL PATTERNS IN AN OSCILLATORY MEDIA(Session IV : Structures & Patterns, The 1st Tohwa University International Meeting on Statistical Physics Theories, Experiments and Computer Simulations) Author(s) Ueyama, D.; Kobayashi, R.; Ohta, T. Citation 物性研究 (1996), 66(3): 620-621 Issue Date 1996-06-20 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/95749 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher


Automatic speech recognition has been usually performed by using only the audio data, but speech communication is affected as well by other non-audio sources, mainly visual cues. Visual information includes body expression, face expression, and lip movements, among other. Lip reading, also known as Visual Speech Recognition, aims at decoding speech by only using the image of the lip movements. Current approaches for automatic lip reading follow the same lines than for speech processing: use of massive data for training deep learning models that allow to perform speech recognition. However, most of the datasets and models are devoted to languages such as English or Chinese, while other languages, particularly Spanish, are un-derrepresented. The LLEER ( Lectura de Labios en Espa˜nol en Escenarios Realistas ) project aims at the acquisition of large-scale visual corpora for Spanish lip reading, the development of visual processing techniques that allow to extract important information for the task, the implementation of models for automatic lip reading, and the integration with speech recognition models for audiovisual speech recognition.


Here is a worthy attempt to do for the recent years of British politics what others have done for the past. The collection includes more than 100 documents—statutes, white papers, excerpts from Hansard, court decisions, party conferences, and more besides. It represents a prodigious effort by the editor and will be both interesting and highly useful to all students of modern British governmental affairs.


This article conducts a meta-analysis of existing research to theorize how machine translation (MT) may help resolve underlying contradictions in the development sector that preclude the UN's 10th Sustainable Development Goal: to reduce inequality within and among countries. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) frequently work in dominant languages and neglect marginalized languages, reinforcing power imbalances between the Global North and Global South in development planning. MT between marginalized languages may improve collaboration between local communities to redress shared disadvantages. As an example, the article hypothesizes a sustainable, "low-tech" MT system pivoting through Spanish to translate between three Mayan languages in Guatemala: K'iche', Q'eqchi', and Mam. First, the article theorizes three key dimensions comprising the overall sustainability of low-resource MT in development: quality, social, and environmental. It then evaluates the sustainability of various MT architectures. Finally, it reaffirms the ability for indirect translation (classic pivot-based MT) to facilitate MT between low-resource languages.


An optimal control model is established for the alternative energy investment strategy with the objective function of cumulative net social welfare. The investment rate is constrained by an inequality. Cumulative alternative energy production has an impact on cost and world oil price through supply on oil market. The interdependency of cost and oil price on optimal investment rate makes the problem inherently dynamic and is fully investigated. In some special cases, the optimal solution can be derived, while in general it oscillates between zero and maximal allowed value.


A brief overview is presented of the bibliographic elements and formats for references to various electronic sources. British and American examples are shown primarily, and everyday librarians' experiences are referred to. Considering the practice that has been more or less accepted generally, a framework for a possible standardization is proposed. The compilation may help authors who make references also to digital documents.


Agriculture is one of the top sources of livelihood of the residents of Calaanan Bongabon, Nueva Ecija, and since the area which is surrounded with great scenery, agritourism is slowly being introduced. With the potentials that agritourism has for the area and for the farmers, the researchers came to assess the awareness and perceptions of the farmers in agritourism participation in Calaanan, Bongabon, Nueva Ecija. The proponents derived the responses from twenty participants using quantitative research design. The result showed that there was high level of awareness to participate in agritourism specifically in awareness on the opportunity to develop connections to urban dwellers to rural culture and lifestyles. The farmers perceived agritourism as possible help to farmers to increase their standard of living. Moderate level of willingness to participate in agritourism was noted, this is due to challenges in lack of capital, the technical know-how on managing agritourism business, and unidentified target customers and others. This study has recommendations to address the challenges which may also be a basis of marketing development plan.


To develop a novel polycondensation method for the preparation of poly (amino acid)s, we screened a transition metal or a rare-earth triflate as a Lewis acid for the polycondensation of activated amino acid esters in N,N-dimethylformamide solutions at room temperature. The polymerizations of 4-nitrophenyl L-leucinate (1a) and 4-nitrophenyl L-valinate (1b) scarcely proceeded without any Lewis acid at room temperature. In the presence of 5 mol % metal triflates, especially scandium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate, the polymerizations of both monomers were promoted effectively. The products, which were collected by the reaction mixture being poured into water, were recognized as poly(L-valine)s by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography analysis, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. These results showed that a metal triflate as a Lewis acid could coordinate to a carbonyl oxygen of activated L-valinate and L-leucinate even in a highly polar solvent, such as N,N-dimethylformamide; therefore, the polymerizations of activated L-valinate and L-leucinate were promoted. Because steric hindrance derived from the isobutyl group in 1b was less than that of the isopropyl unit in 1a, the effect of the metals was not as sensitive for the polymerization of 1b. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 543–547, 2007


Global warming is expected to increase of 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052. This may lead to an increase in building energy consumption. With the changing climate, cities, communities, and university campuses need a more dynamic forecasting model to predict their future energy demands to mitigate risks. Although many building energy prediction models have been developed, only a few have focused on climate change and its impacts. This paper discusses the development of a regression-based forecasting model for a university campus energy use under changing climate. The forecasting model development follows a four-step process: (1) data frame setting, (2) descriptive statistics, (3) statistical regression modeling, and (4) validation and prediction. The independent numeric variables used as inputs are building characteristics (gross square feet, lighting power density, equipment power density; U factor of roof, wall, and windows; building age; years after building renovation; and window-to-wall ratio) and weather data (temperature and humidity). The outputs are electricity and chilled water for 2054. Prior to modeling, matrix plots and histograms are used to identify correlations between variables. This step is followed by normalization of independent variables to check their impact. Finally, multiple linear regression model for electricity and Lasso regression models for chilled water estimations are developed. For the purpose of predicting energy consumption owing to climate change, we used weather data that represents 2054. The equipment power density was the most important factor for electricity consumption and temperature was the most important one for chilled water consumption. The prediction models give an insight of which factors remain essential and applicable to campus building policy to prevent wasting energy in buildings, as a result of climate change.


The structure of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid was confirmed by its reduction to 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-octonic acid and 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-talo-octonic acid which were identified by comparison with authentic acids. 3-Deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid was synthesized in good yield by the oxidation of 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-octonic acid and 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-talo-octonic acid prepared by the action of sodium cyanide on 2-deoxy-D-manno-heptose.A method has been developed for the quantitative determination of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, involving gas chromatographic analysis of the direct products of trimethylsilylation using bis-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide for its conversion to volatile stable derivatives. The gas chromatographic method has been used for the identification of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in several gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide preparations.


Opercular Syndrome (OS) is described as a clinical syndrome of bilateral corticobulbar involvement with facio-labio-pharyngo-glosso-laryngo-brachial paralysis. Opercular syndrome occurs due to lesions at cortical or subcortical region involving the anterior opercular area. The causes of OS in childhood period are most of the time congenital or developmental pathologies. Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE) is known to be a rare acquired cause of OS, which is seen mostly in adult patients. In this paper, a 5-year-old patient presented with opercular syndrome as first presentation of HSE, who showed a favourable response to treatment, is reported in order to underline the importance of early recognition of this presentation of HSE.


This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the demand for yellow-fin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and determines the elasticity of demand for yellow-fin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in Nizam Zachman Ocean Fishery Port, Muara Baru, North Jakarta. This study conducted in July 2019 to August 2019. The method used is descriptive analysis method withusing multiple linear regression analysis model, supported by periodic data (time series) for 10 years starting from the year 2009 to 2018. The sampling technique used in this research using primary data by using purposive sampling and secondary data using time series data from the years 2009-2018. The results showed that the factors that influence the demand for fish yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is the price of fish yellowfin tuna, fish prices kites, fish prices kites, fish prices bigeye tuna, the price of squid, rice prices, per capita income. The results of all price elasticity, cross elasticity and income elasticity in demand for yellow-fin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is inleastis.


The economic progress of the Baltic States after the restoration of independence has been closely related to the liberal ideology and values of their economies: openness to investments, simple tax system and low tax burden, liberal trade policy, and flexible labour market. Unlike the Baltic States, some of their main partners in the European Union (EU) have focused on promoting their economic growth by the neo-mercantilist way of expanding exports, supported by the economic structure of these countries exporting high technology and capital goods. As a result, when the Baltic States are expecting that in a broader context the other eu member states share the same vision of the liberal market economy, their motives have not been fully understood among their regional trade and cooperation partners. Current study will debate whether the practical implementation and needs of the European neo-mercantilism meet the economic and social needs of the Baltic States. Additionally, the study focuses on the question whether in practice the Baltic countries should be ready for the European neo-mercantilist project in upcoming years.


Objective To analyze the characteristics of the student cases with pulmonary tuberculosis,in order to provide the basis for tuberculosis prevention and control measures in school.Methods The information of student cases with pulmonary tuberculosis during 2005-2011extracted from the Tuberculosis Management Information System was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method,and treatment delay and segregation time were obtained by a retrospective investigation.Results 114cases of tuberculosis were reported from 2005to 2011.The reported incidence was 8.17/lakh.Males were much more than females and most of them were in 15-19age group.In terms of onset time,there were peaks in February,April-June.The rate of treatment delay was 40%.Conclusions The epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Yuyao city among students is serious. Work of tuberculosis control should be strengthened in order to prevent the spread of tuberculosis in school.


Nineteen-ninety-two heralded the bicentenary of the birth of Frederick Scheer, and in view of his associations with Kew a tribute and appraisal of his work as an amateur botanist seem appropriate. However, there is little biographical information on record of this one-time resident of Kew, and the main source is the obiturary by his friend and colleague Berthold Seemann (Seemann, 1869).


In this paper, we iterate in detail the steps involved in the process of developing a real-time strategy game. We give a brief review of the history of RTS games and take a quick look at previously developed RTS games. We present an eight-section divide and conquer methodology in designing the game. Finally, we develop a spin-off RTS game with major emphasis on level design, gameplay mechanics, user interface development and resource management.


The presence of Residual monomer content in processed dentures is not desirable. Different methods are used for reducing the residual monomer content after processing. In the present study the effects of two post cure treatments (water immersion and additional curing cycle) on the residual monomer content of two commonly used denture base resins (Acralyn H and Trevalon Hi) were evaluated by using gas chromatography. Study concluded that both water immersion for one day at room temperature and additional curing cycle reduced the residual monomer content in both brands which was initially high after processing.


This work investigated genetic susceptibility for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in several study designs. 31 DNA variants from 7 candidate genes involved in development of these diseases were analyzed for associations with the diseases or related parameters. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped using MALDI-TOF MS and statistically analyzed. The obtained associations are the basis for further functional studies, which will provide deeper insight in the etiology of these diseases, and eventually new therapy will emerge.


A method for providing traffic information, and a method and an apparatus for using the traffic information are provided to minimize transmission capacity by using link identifiers when providing the traffic information. In a method for encoding a traffic information message, message identification information indicating that traffic information is status information is generated. The status information including information of a traffic status is generated. Location information including information of a traffic route which corresponds to the information of the traffic status is generated. The traffic information message including the message identification information, the status information and the location information is generated. The location information includes information of one or more traffic routes.


In August 1995 the National Science Foundation, through SUCCEED (Southeastern University and College Coalition for Engineering Education), funded a project to develop and test a multimedia laboratory experience in work measurement and methods engineering. The primary purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of the multimedia vehicle compared to alternatives such as strictly text-based, standard multimedia, and simulation multimedia (Koelling and Ramsey, 1996).


This paper provides an experimental analysis of timber-framed walls, coated with carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) strengthened fibre-plaster boards. The presented wall elements are usually used as main bearing capacity elements in the construction of prefabricated multi-level timber residential buildings. Since the tensile strength of fibre-plaster sheathing boards (FPB) is approximately 10 times lower than the compressive strength, cracks in the tensile diagonal board's direction usually appear in tall buildings in heavy seismic areas. Therefore, in such cases, it is convenient to strengthen boards with high-strength materials in order to gain a higher capacity. It has been experimentally shown that the inclusion of CFRP diagonal strip reinforcement on the load-carrying capacity can be quite high and that it is maximized when the carbon strips are connected to the timber frame. On the other hand, the ductility itself was not significantly improved. Finally, a numerical study for FPB, which are glued to the timber frame and strengthened with CFRP strips, is preliminary presented for possible new technological solutions for treated wall elements in heavy seismic areas in the future.


Abstract The convective boundary layer has been investigated with an airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) during the EFEDA (European Field Experiment in a Desertification Threatened Area) campaign in June 1991 over middle Spain. For the first time, airborne DIAL water vapor measurements resolving the structure of a convection cell are presented. On 28 June, an interesting boundary layer structure has been found in the lidar aerosol and water vapor measurements, showing a wave structure with a wavelength of 4.5 km and an amplitude of 100–450 m in the residual layer. Additional radiosonde data and the analysis of the synoptic situation reveal that this wave structure is part of a wind shear-driven gravity wave.


objective To evaluate imaging diagnosis and interventional therapy for pseudoaneurysms. Methods Imaging appearances and therapy of 24 cases of pseudoaneurysms were retrospectively analyzed. Results (Digital substraction angiography,DSA) showed the rupture of traumatic arteries and the formation of the cysts. Ultrasonography showed echo free areas or echo-compound areas and continuous doppler spectrum in rupture. The dynamical computerized tomography(CT) scan revealed that the center of pseudoaneurysms was higher density. There was ring shaped enhancement in its edge and no enhancement in thrombus. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pseudoaneurysms were low intensity in T 1WI and T 2WI, the thrombus were low intensity in T1WI and high intensity in T 2WI. Transcatheter arterial embolization achieved control of bleeding in 13 cases. One case was successfully treated with stent and temporal balloon embolization of fistulas. The rest 10 cases were treated with operation. Conclusion DSA is the best method in pseudoaneurysms diagnostic imaging. Interventional treatment is the important therapeutic method for pseudoaneurysm, especially for serious and emergent patients.


Arti fi cial superlattice thin fi lms of (Pb 0.9 Sr 0.1 )TiO 3 (PST) n / SrTiO 3 (STO) m were grown on SrRuO 3 -electroded DyScO 3 (001) pc substrates by pulsed laser deposition. X-ray di ff raction (XRD) showed that the fabricated superlattice thin fi lms have a good periodicity in the out-of-plane direction, indicating the sharp interfaces regardless of the di ff erence in layer thickness. Synchrotron XRD indicated that the fi lm with n / m = 14 / 20 had a weak periodicity in the in-plane direction, which may had arisen from the ordered polar vortex arrays existing in the PST layers. All the fabricated superlattice thin fi lms showed the electric fi eld-induced strain, though its magnitude was smaller than that for typical ferroelectric materials.


Running a characteristic school of art designing specialty in western universities should change the traditional imitation ideas and create a distinctive way strengthening the regional culture,development space and opportunities.That means to cultivate excellent talents by combination of education,research and production,to promote the development of regional economy by running characteristic specialties,to realize the cultural transmission by carrying forward the regional folk arts.


The mismatch between the print-based literacy focus of most classrooms and the lived electronic lives of teenagers prompted our case study of educational blogging. We conducted classroom observations in an eighth- and a ninth-grade English class over a two-month period and conducted thematic analyses of blogs created by the teacher and 28 eighth-grade students. We observed that the students were engaged in their class and eager to read and write online and to collaborate with their peers. They demonstrated hybrid literacies that met academic, social, and personal goals. We found that digital literacy as taught in this class comprised three aspects. First was proficiency in decoding and comprehending the symbols of print text (reading), as well as encoding (writing) these symbols and integrating them digitally with other expressive modes, such as images. Second was technological proficiency in the use of digital media, or digital fluency. Third was dynamic engagement in the interactive construction of mean...


In this article the author based on the study of 60 criminal cases containing prosecution motions for criminal defendant/suspect commitment, as well as first instance judgments on these motions, reaches the following main conclusion: though there are some positive trends in validation of the above stated motions provided by the prosecution, and judgments of their approval or rejection provided by a court, court practice still has a problem of insufficient substantiation of both motions on imposing restraint measures and court judgments that allow such motions.


This article focuses on the advantages of using interorganizational information systems (IOSs) within the supply chain (SC). Based on a socio- technical approach and a resource-based view, we propose that the climate of interorganizational relationships (IORs) could affect IOSs and supply chain performance (SCP). We tested our model in the automotive components supply chain in Tunisia. After adopting a triangulation of methodologies as an empirical verification strategy, results generally support hypotheses predicting that the use of IOSs is positively related to the performance of the SC. Additionally, results confirm the moderated effect of the climate of IORs on the success of IOSs. More precisely, the factor dependence presented a significant effect on SCP. We found that highly dependent relationships are characterized by positively supportive technologies and formal contract forms. However, in the case of trust-based relationships, we found negatively supportive technologies and informal cooperation forms. Moreover, Tunisian contingencies are drawn to explain the results. Some implications of the work's findings for future research and practice are also examined.


We report a first record of the widely invasive bryozoan Bugula neritina in Ketchikan, Alaska (USA), on Revillagigedo Island (southeast Alaska). This represents the northernmost record of this fouling organism in the northeast Pacific Ocean. We also report a new occurrence of the solitary ascidian Ciona savignyi not found in Alaska since 1903, along with recent occurrences of the invasive colonial ascidians Botryllus schlosseri and Botrylloides violaceus in new localities. The high level of vessel traffic in this region and the precedent for historical ship-borne invasions worldwide suggest that future population growth and establishment of these taxa in the Ketchikan area could set the stage for further poleward range expansion, highlighting the need for continued monitoring.


There is mounting experimental evidence that suggests children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP) lack the ability to properly plan their motor actions. The purpose of this investigation was to determine how these planning deficits might affect the ability of children with HCP to execute a complex sequence of actions that have different final end states in the hand/arm position. Thirteen children with HCP (age = 6.8 ± 2.9 yrs, Manual Ability Classification levels = II–IV) and 15 typically developing (TD) children (age = 5.8 ± 1.1 yrs) completed a sequential motor task that involved reaching to grasp an object and place it into six-different target positions. Each target had a biomechanically different final hand/arm position for placing the object. A three-dimensional motion capture system was used to calculate the resultant spatiotemporal kinematics of a marker that was placed on the hand. In addition, video analysis was used to quantify the child's reaction time, end-state comfort effect, and task fai...


In this paper, a multi-view face pose classification method is introduced. Each face region is normalized by two eye-centers and mouth center, and then multi-class classifiers are trained for face pose classification. The face pose classification is organized into a tree structure that deals with off-image plane pose variation. As a specific application in video, it can estimate the face pose in each frame that results in a face pose variation trajectory, which may have important applications such as in security monitoring of car drivers. Experiment results on a very large set compared with a PCA reconstruction method as a benchmark are reported to show its effectiveness.


Abstract Background and Objectives: Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis, as well as chronic kidney disease (CKD) from diabetic nephropathy. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of abnormalities in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in children with T1D. As a secondary objective, we sought to explore the relationship between clinical characteristics and trends in eGFR. Design, Setting, Participants, and Measurements: This ambispective cohort study involved children aged 18 years or younger with T1D (n = 420), followed in the diabetes clinic at British Columbia Children's Hospital (BCCH), the tertiary pediatric hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Data was collected from the BCCH paper and electronic health records. CKD was defined as eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Being at risk of CKD was defined as having a mildly decreased eGFR (60-<90 mL/min/1.73 m2) and/or hyperfiltration (eGFR ≥140 mL/min/1.73 m2). eGFR was calculated using the modified Schwartz formula (36.5 x height in cm / serum creatinine in μmol/L). Linear regression analysis was used to describe the relationship between eGFR and duration of T1D. Covariates included in the analysis included sex, history of DKA, A1c, and BMI. Results: Of the 420 participants, 225 (54%) were male, with a median age at T1D diagnosis of 6.1 years and T1D duration of 4.8 years (range <1.0–15.0 years). One-hundred and eighty-six (44%) children were hospitalized for DKA, of which 89 (48%) developed AKI. No participants had an eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2, and 317 (76%) had normal renal function. Fifty-one participants (12%) had an eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2, and 52 (12%) demonstrated hyperfiltration. When analyzed as a cohort cross-sectionally based on duration of T1D, there was a significant linear decline in eGFR of 1.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 per year (95% CI -1.95, -0.87 ml/min/1.73 m2). Conclusion: In a large group of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes, 24% were at risk for chronic kidney disease based on a mildly decreased GFR and/or hyperfiltration. The pattern of eGFR decline over time is concerning and relevant, as this cohort is at risk for CKD secondary to diabetic kidney disease. Strategies are needed to improve the follow-up and management of early CKD in children with type 1 diabetes to maintain their renal function into adulthood, and more studies are needed to quantify further change in eGFR in the young adult population.


The Atmospheric Sciences section of AGU awards one of the five Ascent Awards to Dr. Paul A. Ginoux of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for outstanding world-leading research on dust aerosols using observations and models that has contributed to a comprehensive scientific understanding of atmospheric aerosols."


RMC is a 3-D continuous energy Monte Carlo code developed by REAL team in Tsinghua University, China. Besides the capability of fuel cycle burnup calculation, hybrid MPI/OpenMP parallelism strategy, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, N-TH coupling calculation, shielding calculation methods including general source description, regional importance method, weight window method and source biasing method have been also developed for deep penetration problems. H.B.Robinson-2 Pressure Vessel Benchmark (HBR-2 benchmark) is used for the qualification of pressure vessel neutron flux calculation methods and shielding calculations based on this model have been performed by Monte Carlo codes such as SCALE, MCNPX and deterministic transport code DORT. In this work, the verification calculation of shielding calculation capability of RMC is conducted based on HBR-2 benchmark. The total calculation consists of two stages. Criticality calculation is performed first to obtain the fission neutron distribution in the reactor core assemblies. Then the fission neutron distribution is regarded as the initial neutron source in the following fixed source calculation. Variance reduction techniques such as source biasing and regional importance methods are combined together to be able to reduce the variance of the neutron flux in regions within and outside the pressure vessel including the downcomer and cavity regions. The preliminary calculation results show good agreement with MCNP and the shielding calculation of RMC is justified and applicable for deep penetration problems.


A novel geometrically adjustable transceiver array system is presented. A key feature of the geometrically adjustable array was the introduction of decoupling capacitors that allow for automatic change in capacitance dependent on neighboring resonant element distance. The 16‐element head array version of such an adjustable coil based on transmission line technology was compared to fixed geometry transmission line arrays (TLAs) of various sizes at 7T. The focus of this comparison was on parallel imaging performance, RF transmit efficiency, and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Significant gains in parallel imaging performance and SNR were observed for the new coil and attributed to its adjustability and to the design of the individual elements with a three‐sided ground plane. Magn Reson Med, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


WHEN READING disabilities are under discussion, one question that arises is how well the troubled student can actually see what s/he is trying to read and whether, if the child appears to be having vision problems, the school can do anything to help. One of the points of contention in this matter is the relationship of visual inadequacies to reading dis abilities. Problems with vision do not necessarily result in reading prob lems. Many individuals with visual difficulties learn to read well; evi dently they are able to compensate for their faulty vision in ways un known to us. Nevertheless, in other cases children with reading problems also display problems with vision. This leads both teachers and vision specialists to attempt to correct the child's visual difficulties as part of the effort to correct reading deficiencies (Bond and Tinker 1973, Jobe 1976, Spache 1976). In the school situation, the act of reading places heavy demands on a child's eyes. Reading involves a broad range of visual skills, applied for extended periods of time. For this reason, reading programs sometimes incorporate an assessment of each child's visual abilities, and reading teachers and specialists may find themselves needing to know what vision problems children may have and how schools may screen young sters as a first step in determining whether some individuals need to be


The effects of metal alkoxide type and relative humidity on the durability of alkoxide-primed, adhesively bonded steel wedge crack specimens have been determined. Aluminum tri-secbutoxide, aluminum tri-tert-butoxide, tetrabutyl orthosilicate, and titanium(IV ) butoxide were used as alkoxide primers. Grit-blasted, acetone-rinsed mild steel adherends were the substrates bonded with epoxy and polyethersulfone. The two aluminum alkoxides significantly enhanced the durability of the adhesively bonded steel, while the titanium alkoxide showed no improvement in durability over a nonprimed control. The silicon alkoxide-primed samples gave an intermediate response. The failure plane in the adhesively bonded samples varied with the relative humidity during the priming process.


The article deals with the place and functions of integrated controlling in the enterprise management system, the analysis of scientific views on the goals and objectives of controlling.


The electronic band structure and density of states for zinc-blende nitrides GaN, AIN, and BN are reported using an sp 3 s* tight-binding method. The large band gap found for these compounds is analyzed in terms of chemical and volume deformation effects. The calculated ionicity agrees with the Phillips scale and shows a strongly ionic character for GaN and AIN, while BN is found more covalent.


The TiO2 nanoparticles were used as a reinforcement to prepare nanocomposites with high density polyethylene (HDPE) by melt blending process. The original TiO2 (ORT) was modified by 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPMS) to improve the dispersion into HDPE matrix. The FT-IR spectroscopy and FESEM micrographs of modified TiO2 (GRT) demonstrated that GPMS successfully grafted with TiO2 nanoparticles. The tensile test of HDPE/ORT and HDPE/GRT nanocomposites with various contents of dispersive particles indicated that the tensile strength and Young's modulus of HDPE/GRT nanocomposites are superior to the values of original HDPE and HDPE/ORT nanocomposites. At 1 wt.% of GRT, the mechanical properties of nanocomposites were optimal. In DSC and TGA analyses, with the presence of GRT in the nanocomposites, the thermal stability significantly increased in comparison with pure HDPE and HDPE/ORT nanocomposites. The better dispersion of GRT in polymer matrix as shown in FESEM images demonstrated the higher mechanical properties of HDPE/GRT nanocomposites to HDPE/ORT nanocomposites.


This study is based on two surveys conducted at the Graduate Health of
Children and Women of Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz,
both approved by the Research Ethics Committee of that Institute and
supported by CNPq. The present study uses a qualitative research approach in
order to establish a possible relationship between the meaning of male sexuality
and health self-care, taking into account the narrative of different generations.
More specifically, it seeks to analyze the different scenarios, characters and
sexual scripts of these narratives and how these individuals think about health
self-care in the context of sexuality. The theoretical conceptual frameworks are
generation, masculinity and sexual script. This study's subjects were male
individuals, not doctors, with higher education or university, born in the city of
Rio de Janeiro. The results of this research are presented in scientific article
form. It is concluded that the script heterosexual crosses generations when it
recognizes, in the narratives of young men, the permanence of some cultural
significance. However, there are also outcomes of conjugal conception
reinforcing the romantic and love ideas, the appreciation of loyalty, integrity and
affection. Among the young generations, this ambiguity reflects a tension
between transformation and permanence. Thus, continuities and ruptures of
some desires and stereotyped patterns tend to reveal changes in the current
way men live and care for themselves.


From a perspective of dynamic diverse social differentiation in transformation of China,the paper takes Beijing as a typical object to investigate the diverse trend of mass fitness requirement and influence factors by a large number of samples of fitness requirement of different social classes.The result shows that: 1) the average grades of fitness requirement of managers and professionals rank in Top 2,while owners of private enterprises rank secondly to them,and peasants and non-employees and half non-employees last.2) quality evaluation stages of fitness service,incomes,and fitness value evaluation have positive relations in some extent and remarkable differences exists in different stages.Education background has positive relation to fitness requirement while self-evaluation of physical health has negative relation to fitness requirement.


Abstract Surgical meshes as a replacement for the abdominal wall in hernia reconstruction are subjected to constant strain in the body. Thus, considering their stress relaxation is vital to ensure no recurrence of the disease. The aim of this study is to survey the influence of mesh structure and strain level on the stress relaxation of warp-knitted polypropylene meshes. To evaluate the stress relaxation of the meshes, a novel index named stress relaxation index was introduced. This index is obtained by multiplication of initial stress by the porosity of the mesh divided to the mass per unit area of the mesh. It was observed that mesh structure has remarkable effect on the stress relaxation of the meshes, and by increasing the stress relaxation index, stress relaxation increases. Furthermore, in all mesh structures, higher stress relaxation occurs in the meshes under higher tensile strain. Besides, among investigated rheological models, three components Maxwell model in parallel with nonlinear spring demonstrated the best fit to the experimental stress relaxation data. Eventually, quasi-Marquisette mesh structure suggested as the preferable mesh, owing to its lighter weight, higher porosity, and lower stress relaxation.


We investigate the effects of the spacetime curvature and extra dimensions on the excitations of the Lorentz violating bumblebee field B μ . By assuming the bumblebee field living in a five-dimensional AdS 5 bulk, we found an exponential suppression of the bumblebee self-interacting constant λ and of the bumblebee vacuum expectation value (VEV) b M along the fifth extra dimension. The fluctuations of the bumblebee field upon the VEV can be decomposed into transverse and longitudinal modes with respect to b M . For a spacelike b M along the extra dimension and assuming a thin FRW 3-brane embedded in the AdS 5, the transverse mode is localized on the brane. The bulk geometry leads to a propagating and unbound longitudinal mode along the extra dimension. On the brane, the cosmological expansion leads to the decay of the longitudinal mode in time, as Δt ≈ H −1.


C9H13NO4S, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 10.760(2) A, b = 8.970(2) A, c = 11.060(2) A, = 103.24(3)°, V = 1039.1 A, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.038, wRref(F) = 0.106, T = 293 K. Source of material Reagents and solvents usedwere of commercially available quality. A solution of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1 ml, 10 mmol) in EtOH (15 ml) was added dropwise to a solution of 2aminoethanesulfonic acid (1.25 g, 10mmol) andKOH (0.56 g, 10 mmol) in MeOH (40 ml). The yellow solution was stirred for about one hour at room temperature. The intermediate Schiff base formed was reduced with an excess of NaBH4 (0.563 g, 15 mmol). The yellow color slowly discharged, and after 2 hours the solution was acidified with l:1 hydrochloric acid to pH 3 4. The resulting precipitate was filtered off, washed with distilled water and dried at 343 K. The resulted Schiff base (0.50 g) was dissolved in hot water (10 ml) and filtered. The filtrate was left to stand at room temperature for 2 days and colorless block-shaped crystals were obtained. Experimental details All H atoms were positioned geometrically with d(C—H) = 0.97 A (CH2) and 0.93A (aromatic), d(N—H)=0.90Aand d(O—H)= 0.82 A , and refined using the riding-model approximation with Uiso(H) = 1.2 Ueq(C,N) or Uiso(H) = 1.5 Ueq(O). Discussion Schiff base complexes containing sulfur and complexes of amino acid Schiff bases, have recently aroused increased interest because of their antiviral, anticancer and antibacterial activities [15]. Taurine, an amino acid containing sulfur, is indispensable to human beings and has important physiological functions. Recently, it has been found that the Schiff base derived from taurine showsmultiple coordination modes [5-8]. The tridentate reduced Schiff bases are of interest, as they are more flexible because the C=N bond of the Schiff base has been saturated, and this helps to overcome ligand instability. However, the crystal structures of the corresponding reduced Schiff base ligands are very rare so far [9]. One of the reasons might be that it is difficult to crystallize them. The H atom of the sulfonic acid group is transferred to the amino N atom, forming the zwitterionic amino acid (figure). Similar structures, where theH atomof the carboxyl and sulfonic group is transferred to the amino N atom are reported in [9-11]. The bond length and angles deviate slightly from those of the dicopper(II) complex [5], perhaps as a result of chelation in the latter. In the crystal packing, 2-(2-hydroxy-benzylamino)ethanesulfonic acid molecules are linked into one dimensional chains along [010] by intermolecular O−H···O and N−H···O hydrogen bonds. Z. Kristallogr. NCS 223 (2008) 291-292 / DOI 10.1524/ncrs.2008.0125 291 © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munchen Crystal: colorless block, size 0.12 × 0.24 × 0.30 mm Wavelength: Mo K radiation (0.71073 A) : 3.05 cm−1 Diffractometer, scan mode: Bruker SMART CCD, 2 max: 56.78° N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique: 6547, 2506 Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt: Iobs > 2 (Iobs), 2229 N(param)refined: 137 Programs: SHELXS-97 [12], SHELXL-97 [13], SHELXTL [14] Table 1. Data collection and handling.


But the problem is that throughout all the much ado about black self-celebration scant attention was given to a systematic structure for its on-going engendering. Two questions of obvious relevance appear to have received little discussion. What segment of the black population should have first attention in the teaching of pride? On whom, or where, should rest prime responsibility for the instruction? The answer to the first question is preliminary and can be disposed of here in short order.


: The gut epithelial barrier, which is composed of the mucosal layer and the intestinal epithelium, has multiple defense mechanisms and interconnected regulatory mechanisms against enteric microbial pathogens. However, many bacterial pathogens have highly evolved infectious stratagems that manipulate mucin production, epithelial cell–cell junctions, cell death, and cell turnover to promote their replication and pathogenicity in the gut epithelial barrier. In this review, we focus on current knowledge about how bacterial pathogens regulate mucin levels to circumvent the epithelial mucus barrier and target cell-cell junctions to invade deeper tissues and increase their colonization. We also describe how bacterial pathogens manipulate various modes of epithelial cell death to facilitate bacterial dissemination and virulence effects. Finally, we discuss recent investigating how bacterial pathogens regulate epithelial cell turnover and intestinal stem cell populations to modulate intestinal epithelium homeostasis.