This article explores the roots of the Canadian community service-learning (CSL) movement through a comparative discussion of service-learning in Canada and the United States. The article provides a brief overview of CSL's historical foundations in both countries, addressing especially how differences in CSL funding infrastructure have distinctly shaped the movement in each country. While national funding bodies and nation-wide institutionalization remain central to CSL in the U.S., Canada's CSL efforts have predominantly been shaped by the efforts of private foundations and grassroots community agents. This essay analyzes the obstacles and problems currently within Canadian CSL, but also provides recommendations around documentation, sustainability, and the future of CSL in Canada, including the recommendation to maintain a community first approach in Canadian CSL. As it considers how the influence of the United States continues to shape CSL in Canada, and how the two national movements remain distinct from one another, we hope this examination will contribute an historical perspective to scholarship on Canadian CSL and will offer entry points to engage in critical conversations on the emergence of the field.


In this study, two CR receptors (Agfa CR-85X and Agfa CR-10X) and two DDR receptors (Brivo DR-F and Essenta) were characterized in terms of detector sensitivity and image quality. An in-house phantom was specially designed to accommodate image quality assessment for quick QC and is tested as a purpose of this study. The reference quantitative aspect that were used to characterize the imaging units are the correlation between Pixel Value and image receptor dose, whereas evaluation of image quality based on the modules on the in-house phantom uses new proposed metrics (coefficient of linearity, CL, and coefficient of variance, CV). Each system's unique Pixel Value-dose characteristics are also expressed in the results of the in-house phantom's metrics (i.e. CL and CV). In addition, the constancy of measured modulation transfer function suggests potential use for system quality judgment. As all characterizations (Pixel Value-dose characteristics, MTF, and new metrics) indicated on unique result for each systems, the study implies that the designed in-house phantom as well as its proposed metric can be promising to be used to characterize digital radiography systems during quick QC.


Abstract Serious damage is caused in natural tropical forests and plantations, to standing trees, during extraction, transportation and production operations, and to forest products, by insect pests. The principal decision-makers involved in planning the relevant research programmes are the forest manager and the entomologist. Mutual respect between them is essential for efficient planning and research. Economic aspects have been largely neglected by entomologists who are somewhat sceptical of their value in the context of their research. Despite this there is little doubt that economic criteria will be utilised increasingly in evaluating research.


The interpretation and analysis of destiny or divine decree in all beings' nature as it is existed and also as one of the permanent current cases of beings is a widespread subject that has had various and varied reflexes in the thoughts and beliefs of different religious theorists, sages and philosophers during previous ages and centuries. This philosophic- religious category, on the one hand, has been proposed in Gnostic and philosophical issues of the nations and, on the other hand, it has been integrated with social, psychological and philosophical matters such as determinism and choice. Since the specified limitation has not been proposed for such arguments, explaining these kinds of problems are always along with integrations, variations, and also dualities. Among the current differences between theorists' points of view, the authors of this study try to present descriptive and critical reflex from the Molana Jalal-al-din Mohammad Balkhi's view as the essence of Islamic mysticism and selection of the best cases of this technique in comparison with "Carlos Castaneda", the famous theorist of mysticism integrated with alchemy, and Indian mystic; in a way that an analytic image of beliefs of these two great thinkers be proposed in the present world. This study is away to access to more extensive studies in this field and an effort to find common points of nations and different fields of mystical and quasi-mystical thoughts.


This thesis aims to investigate aspects of contemporary architecture that concentrate on the role of surface, in sense of demateriality. The word 'demateriality' denotes the spatiality rather than a physical substance; it does not refer to the actual absence of matter or the abolishment of the solid materials of construction. Rather it describes the phenomenal perception of a particular spatialisation that the surface creates through either the way it is formed or through the optical quality of its materials. The terms surface and surface architecture discussed in this thesis thus have specific meanings beyond the generally received understanding of 'architectural surface', 'material surface' and so on. What is focused on is the particular role of surface architecture as a spatial boundary, especially between inside and outside spaces. In this context, the research aims to explore the correspondence between the surface and space, between the forms of the surface and the experience that they induce.

As a programme of PhD with design, this research includes both theoretical and practical approaches, including a design research project supported by an extensive literature review and theoretical argument. The thesis mainly consists of five parts. It begins from an Introduction including subject and questions, context, definition and methodology of the research. Chapter One is about a critical review of history of surface-space architecture, both in theory and design will be considered first. This will mainly focus on the architecture of 20th century modernism. Chapter Two focus on contemporary theories and practices of surface architecture, as well as the conception of surface in other intellectual areas such as philosophy and cultural theory. Based on a rigorous theoretical framework built by the historical and contemporary research, a series of design works will be developed in Chapter Three, and attempt to offer a further understanding and rethinking of the knowledge gained from the first phase. Finally, at the end of the thesis, there is a brief Conclusion.


ABSTRACT Squid species are important components of the Southern Atlantic Ocean ecosystems, as they prey on a wide range of crustaceans, fish and cephalopods. As a result of this trophic interaction and their high abundance, they are considered reliable indicators of energy transfer and biomass in the food web. We identified Illex argentinus, Doryteuthis gahi and Onykia ingens as the most important squid species interacting on the Patagonian shelf, and used isotope analysis and stomach content identification to assess the feeding ecology and interaction of these squids in the ecosystem. Our results describe trophic interactions by direct predation of O. ingens and I. argentinus on D. gahi, and a trophic overlap of the three squid, and indicate a higher trophic level and differences in the foraging areas for mature and maturing D. gahi inferred through δ15N and δ13C concentrations. These differences were related to the segregation and different habitat of large mature D. gahi and suggest a food enrichment of C and N based on feeding sources other than those used by small maturing D. gahi and I. argentinus and O. ingens.


Background/Aim: Cetuximab treatment targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpressed in oral cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumour activity of cetuximab against oral cancer cell lines with respect to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and determine the correlation between ADCC and EGFR expression. Materials and Methods: EGFR expression in oral cancer cells was measured by quantitative flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemistry. ADCC activity was measured by 4-h calcein release assays. Results: Cetuximab-mediated ADCC against oral cancer cells was detectable at a concentration of 0.1 μg/ml. A high correlation was observed between the number of EGFR molecules on the surface of oral cancer cells and ADCC (correlation coefficient: 0.847; p=0.032). Conclusion: ADCC is an important mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of cetuximab, and EGFR expression in tumour cells might serve as a predictive marker to evaluate the effect of cetuximab treatment.


(56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,054,746 9/1962 Gaden et al. .......................... 20/44 3,238,127 3/1966 Sebba ..................................... 210/44 3,476,553 1 1/1969 Sebba et al... ... 423/26 3,510,001 5/1970 Baer et al. .............................. 210/44 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 708215 4/1965 Canada ...................................... 210/44 Primary Examiner-Thomas G. Wyse Attorney, Agent, or Firm-William S. Brown; Donald A. Gardiner 57 ABSTRACT Cations, such as copper, are recovered from very dilute aqueous solutions by means of a bubble fractionation process comprising countercurrent contacting of the feed solution with a stream of gas bubbles and a surfac tant in an elongated vertical column.


The measurement technology of the ultrasonic travel time of the ultrasonic based on phase-matched theory was presented.On the basis of the mathematical model of travel time measurement,the high precision sinusoidal signal's phase parameter was estimated.When the starting point of the sinusoidal signal was detected,the ultrasonic'accurate transmitting time was obtained.Theoretical and simulation results show not only noise can be suppressed,but also the accuracy of the estimated parameters is improved in the case of lower ratio of signal to noise.Experiment results based on virtual instrument confirmed that the precision of acoustic travel time blow 1 nanosecond.


Digital signal processing (DSP) chips are of prime interest in the rapidly growing wireless communications market. Although the demand for higher performance continues to escalate, power consumption is also a concern. The most direct way to lower the power is to lower the supply voltage. Scaling technologies into the sub-micron domain has also led to the scaling of the supply voltage due to excessively high electric fields. Lowering the supply voltage by itself lowers power consumption but the performance degrades drastically. In order to improve performance while lowering the supply voltage it is necessary to scale the threshold voltage along with the supply voltage. This paper focuses on a 16 by 16 array multiplier that operates with a one volt power supply at a clock frequency of 500 MHz. The multiplier is implemented in dual rail domino logic using a 0.25 /spl mu/m multi-threshold CMOS process and has four cycles of latency.


This study examines the economic feasibility of two pasture poultry production operations (pasture pen and net range) by limited resource farmers (LRFs) using the Net Present Value (NPV) method of analysis. Results of the NPV method illustrated unacceptable investments for both production operations.


The speech describes the binary power plant that will be installed at the Velika Ciglena geothermal field, in Croatia. Turboden awarded the Engineering Procurement and Construction of the binary power plant, including the engineering of the geothermal gathering and reinjection system. The design conditions allow for a 15 MWe design capacity. The Velika Ciglena field is a liquid dominated geothermal field known since the eighties. It is foreseen that after the first power plant, further potential expansion of the geothermal capacity installed will be possible in the area. 1. TURBODEN COMPANY AND EXPERIENCE Turboden Srl is an Italian company founded in 1980 by Prof. Mario Gaia of Politecnico di Milano. Today it is the world leader in ORC systems, with more than 320 references worldwide. Since 2014, Turboden is part of the Japanese industrial giant Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the world leader for installed power from geothermal sources. The long experience of Turboden in the construction of ORC turbo-generators made it possible to realize and commercialize modules with high performance as well as high reliability and availability, together with low maintenance and operational costs. Turboden ORC modules have demonstrated an average availability exceeding 98% and more than 7.200.000 operating hours have been reached. The company strengths are the flexibility in the working fluid choice, with experience with nine different fluids already used and others under testing phase, and the related turbine optimization. Beyond the power plant supply, there is the after-sales service activity, with 24/7 remote assistance by Turboden from its offices in Brescia, Italy, where a team of engineers constantly check the performances of the Turboden ORCs. Turboden is promoting its versatile ORC technology and knowhow in the geothermal energy field. After the construction of prototype plants in Italy and Africa in the early Nineties, Turboden completed a 1,000 kWel plant in Austria: this plant is working since 2001. In Q4 2012 Turboden started up the first supercritical ORC plant in Europe, a 500 kW prototype with hybrid direct cooling, and tested its flexibility with highly variable heat input. Turboden has made plant performance optimization a key point to surpass its competitors and has thus won a tight competition achieving the award of tenders for the design, construction and start-up of 3 geothermal ORC plants in Bavaria (5+ MW each). These plants have been successfully commissioned and started-up in Q1 2013. Geothermal water at 140 °C is pumped from a depth of approximately 5,000 meters. These plants are air-cooled and carefully integrated into the rural context and prepared to supply heat to the existing district heating network. In 2015, another 4MW plant with similar technical features has been commissioned in the Bavarian region. A further 5 MW geothermal plant (with 15% steam quantity) in the Oita prefecture in Japan, Kyushu Island, has been commissioned in June 2015 and since then, has been outperforming the guaranteed performance values. Beside the performances, also the availability has reached outstanding values: in the first year of operation from the very first start-up, therefore including also the fine tuning period, the availability and the capacity factor (energy produced / nominal energy) reached values around 98%. This project presents special electric features. The electric output can never exceed the 5 MW, therefore an automatic regulation system has been implemented. Moreover, it is possible to operate the plant in "island mode", i.e. not connected to the electric grid.


Principal component analysis (PCA) is a commonly used method for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. This paper proposes PCA based on similarity/correlation criteria instead of covariance to gain low-dimensional features with high performance in text classification. Experimental results have demonstrated the advantages and usefulness of the proposed method in text classification in high-dimensional feature space, in terms of the number of features required to achieve the best classification accuracy.


Reading has become a way of life,but for different people,or the one at different stages,there is a huge difference in the realm of reading.At least,reading has the following four realms,reading for the material benefits,reading for interest,having an inflated opinion of having read all the books and learning from the people around and from the life.We should strive to achieve the highest realm of reading,putting the rules of conduct,the rules of good conduct in our hearts and carry out by actual efforts.


Simple Summary Poultry mortality in the embryonic stage makes it difficult to achieve one of the main objectives of the poultry sector, i.e., constant increase in productivity. If well executed with safe and efficient substances, the in ovo injection technique can be an intervention alternative to enhance the development of more resistant, healthy, quality birds, with substantial positive effects on poultry production. For the commercial implementation of any intervention, information from the vast literature must be compiled in order to understand its effects on production parameters. Thus, this review aims to assess how injecting different substances in ovo influences hatching results, including the reported effects on embryo and chick health parameters. Bibliographic mappings of co-authorship of citations, co-occurrence of keywords and bibliographic coupling were also performed for articles based on the in ovo injection technique and hatchability. Abstract Recent advances in poultry practice have produced new tools enabling the poultry industry to increase productivity. Aiming at increasing production quality, varying protocols of in ovo injection facilitate the introduction of exogenous substances into the egg to complement the nutrients that support embryonic development up to hatching, which are already available in the internal and external compartments. Due to embryonic sensitivity, adding any substance into the egg can be either advantageous or disadvantageous for embryonic survival and can influence hatch rates. Thus, understanding the relationship between poultry practices and production rates is the first step towards successful commercial application. This review aims to assess the influence on hatch rates of injecting different substances in ovo, including effects on embryo and chick health parameters where these are reported. Bibliographic mappings of co-authorship of citations, co-occurrence of keywords, and bibliographic coupling based on the in ovo injection technique and hatchability parameters were also performed. Using the Scopus database, 242 papers were retrieved, reviewed, and submitted for bibliographic mapping using the VOSviewer® software. This review provides a broad overview of just over 38 years' research on the subject, revealing that studies have significantly increased and peaked in 2020, being produced primarily by US researchers and published primarily in the journal Poultry Science. It also reveals that despite negative reports relating to some substances in the embryo, in ovo delivery of substances may possibly change the poultry industry for the better in terms of production rates (hatchability) and/or poultry health.


In order to reduce energy consumption of buildings and their environmental impacts, it's important to improve their energy performance, and to have and evaluate sufficiently reliable multi-criteria tools, to highlight their origins, throughout the building life cycle. Such impacts may be resulting from their construction, during exploit, renovation and at the end of life.
This work relates to a part of this action and seeks to derive results from a life-cycle analysis comparing an office building envelope configuration, located in Biskra, a city south East Algeria characterized by hot and dry climate. Life Cycle Assesment method was applied according to a standardized protocol (ISO14000 &14040), promoting a better understanding of a building environmental impact throughout its life cycle. More, such method, allows designers to make the most appropriate choice (recycled materials, energy systems HVAC) in relation to their objectives.


This article explores the grammatical functions of iterative aspectual markers in Jordanian Arabic from a synchronic perspective. It will be argued that the aspectual markers in question are functional elements that have been grammaticalized from lexical items belonging to the verbal category. It will be shown that, as a consequence of grammaticalization, reduplication of verbs whose second and third radicals are identical has led to the development of an iterative aspectual marker, and that another marker with the same function has emerged from the active participle naazil 'descending/going down' which is a derivative of the verb nizel 'descended/went down'. Special attention will be paid to the linguistic features of the aspectual markers at hand, including their syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties.


"The lateral-directional-stability derivatives of a body in combination with several triangular wings were determined at subsonic and supersonic speeds. The wings used in the investigation were of aspect ratios 2 and 4 and thickness ratios of 3 and 5 percent. One of the wings of aspect ratio 2 was cambered and twisted. The results indicate that at supersonic speeds the effects of plan form on the lateral-directional-stability derivatives for the plane wings were predicted satisfactorily by linearized theory and that the effects of thickness were small" (p. 1).


As the editor of the Anscombe Bioethics Centre's new book Fertility and Gender: Issues in Reproductive and Sexual Ethics (Watt 2011), I was delighted to read Sr. Renee Mirkes' generous review in the May issue of The Linacre Quarterly (Mirkes 2012). Aware of Sr. Mirkes's extensive experience in assisting couples with fertility problems, I approached the review with some trepidation, hence was especially grateful for her response. I was, however, slightly puzzled by one comment made in the review: that natural family planning (NFP) as a licit means of addressing fertility problems was a topic missing from the book. True, there is no paper in Fertility and Gender dedicated to this issue alone. However, my own paper looks not only (as do several others in the book) at controversial fertility treatments such as GIFT, but at other responses to fertility concerns, both those controversial for Catholics (NFP advice to unmarried couples; "seminal fluid collection devices") and those less controversial (NaProTechnology and other NFP-based treatment and/or management approaches). NaProTechnology is indeed an effective approach to treating infertility. The Anscombe Centre, at our 2010 conference from which many of the book's papers were derived, benefited from an excellent conference presentation (if not, unfortunately, a follow-up text) from a NaProTechnology practitioner in Ireland who explained his own experience and that of colleagues in helping couples to achieve pregnancy. This treatment approach faces many challenges in the hostile environment of the United Kingdom, but is certainly proving most successful both in and outside the U.S. (Stanford et al. 2008; Tham et al. 2012).


This paper presents the first monolithic ultra-low power MEMS oscillator that can be manufactured in the ASIC compatible standard CMOS process and monolithically integrated with TIA circuitry. It is designed for high Q value and moderate motional impedance under strict design constraints of the standard fabrication process. A high gain ultra-low power sustaining TIA amplifier circuit is compactly integrated with the resonator structure on a single die for low-power 32 kHz clock generation. The proposed 1.69μW MEMS oscillator can be embedded in common SoC applications monolithically to provide clock sources.


David Southall, the child protection paediatrician who was struck off the medical register for accusing a mother of murdering her son, launched a fresh bid for reinstatement at the Court of Appeal in London this week.

Dr Southall, described as a paediatrician "of international repute," is appealing against a High Court ruling last year that upheld the General Medical Council's decision to strike him off for serious professional misconduct ( BMJ 2009;338:b1360, doi:10.1136/bmj.b1360).

Dismissing his original appeal last May, Mr Justice Blake said that the paediatrician's conduct was "truly shocking" and "an abuse of the role of consultant and expert instructed in ongoing litigation."

Dr Southall's counsel, …


The maximum entropy method is used to analyse positron annihilation lifetime spectra. We discuss theoretical properties and practical advantages of the method for this application and its utility as an aid in lifetime spectrum analysis. Measured and simulated spectra are analysed using both the maximum entropy technique, and existing methods, and the results compared.


Skyline queries compute the set of Pareto-optimal tuples in a relation, that is, those tuples that are not dominated by any other tuple in the same relation. Although several algorithms have been proposed for efficiently evaluating skyline queries, they either necessitate the relation to have been indexed or have to perform the dominance tests on all the tuples in order to determine the result. In this article we introduce salsa, a novel skyline algorithm that exploits the idea of presorting the input data so as to effectively limit the number of tuples to be read and compared. This makes salsa also attractive when skyline queries are executed on top of systems that do not understand skyline semantics, or when the skyline logic runs on clients with limited power and/or bandwidth. We prove that, if one considers symmetric sorting functions, the number of tuples to be read is minimized by sorting data according to a "minimum coordinate," minC, criterion, and that performance can be further improved if data distribution is known and an asymmetric sorting function is used. Experimental results obtained on synthetic and real datasets show that salsa consistently outperforms state-of-the-art sequential skyline algorithms and that its performance can be accurately predicted.


The zebrafish over the last decades has developed into an important model organism for toxicological research. The main focus of zebrafish research has been traditionally on developmental biology, keeping and observing zebrafish in the lab led to the identification of diseases similar to humans such as cancer which subsequently became a subject for study. The zebrafish model, with its specific experimental advantages and characteristics has created its own niche in cancer research complementing existing models (Feitsma et al., 2008). The zebrafish, because of its small size, low cost, diverse adaptability, short breeding cycle, high fecundity, ex-utero development of the embryo and transparent embryos has been widely used as a prominent model organism in different fields. It shares a high degree of homology with the human genome. Thus, the zebrafish is becoming a powerful model organism for studying genetics (Kawahara et International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 02 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


The aim of the present research work was to determine the Phyto-constituents in fraction collected from ethanolic extract of Pericampylus glaucus leaf using the GC and Mass spectrometry. The Phyto-chemical screening of fraction from ethanolic extract of Pericampylus glaucus leaves were carried out with the help of Perkin-Elmer GC followed by Mass Spectrometry. The GC-MS chromatogram of Pericampylus glaucus leaves fraction that was collected from ethanolic extract followed bypetroleum ether and ethyl acetate mixture showed 10 peaks that represents the presence of ten compounds in investigated plant. The benzoic acid, 5-methoxy-2[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-,trimethylsilyl ester (cas) 5-methoxy-salicylic acid-ditms, was found as one of the most predominant constituent (7.95 %) followed by another benzoic acid, 2[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-,methyl-ester (cas), methyl-o-,trimethyl-silylsalicylate (7.43 %);propanoic acid, 2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy], trimethylsilyl ester (3.57 %);butanedioic acid, bis (trimethylsilyl),ester(cas) di-tms succinate, (0.63 %);vanilethanediol 3 tms (0.59%);acetic acid, [(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-,trimethylsilyl ester (cas)-glycolic acid-ditms, (0.41 %),and (3-Hydroxy-4, methoxyphenyl) ethylene glycol tris(trimethylsilyl) ether (0.30%);benzoic acid, 3-methoxy-4,[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-, trimethylsilyl ester, (0.25%), and 2-[(trimethylsilyl) oxy]-, methyl ester (cas) methyl-o-trimethyl-, silylsalicylate, (0.19%); and benzaldehyde, 3-methoxy-4[(trimethylsilyl)-oxy]-, (cas) monotrimethylsilyl vanillin (0.17%).Among ten compounds identified from Pericampylus glaucus fractions, only three compounds were documented to have biological and pharmacological activities.The result indicates that Pericampylus glaucus leaves contain several bioactive constituents andits ethnopharmacological effects most probably due to the presence of those chemical constituents, the therapeutic activities of which are required to evaluate.


This report has the following topics: (1) Changing perspectives on nuclear safety and security; (2) Evolving needs in a post-9/11 era; (3) Nuclear Weapons--An attractive terrorist target; (4) The case for increased safety; (5) Evolution of current nuclear weapons safety and security; (6) Integrated surety; (7) The role of safety and security in enabling responsiveness; (8) Advances in surety technologies; and (9) Reevaluating safety.


In the present paper we introduce a straightforward algebraic generalization of semi-inner product (in short GSIP) spaces. We enumerate and derive some fundamental properties of strong topologies in GSIP spaces.


The invention relates to a filtering device (100) for high-viscosity fluids, having a partial channel (34) in the housing (30) and a displacing piston (40), which can be inserted into the partial channel (34, 35). The displacing piston (40) comprises at least one inner fluid line (42), which extends from an inlet opening (41) to an outlet opening (43) on the circumference. The outside diameter of the displacing piston (40) corresponds to the inside diameter of the partial channel (34, 35). The displacing piston (40) can be positioned in a production position with the outlet opening (43) of said displacing piston in front of the opening of the discharge channel (33) into the partial channel (34, 35) and can be pulled back to a backflushing initial position within the partial channel (34), wherein along a backflushing displacement path, the opening of the discharge channel (33) into the partial channel (35) is covered by the outer wall of the displacing piston (40) and/or the outlet opening (43) of the displacing piston (40) is covered by the inner wall of the partial channel (34).


W generalize the scheme for detection of qubit-environment entanglement to qudit-environment systems. This is of relevance for many-qubit systems and the quantification of the operation of quantum algorithms under the influence of external noise, since only decoherence that is not entangling in its nature can be effectively described by quantum channels and similar methods in more complicated scenarios. The generalization involves an increase of the class of entangled states which are not detected by the scheme, but the type of entanglement which cannot be detected is also least likely to qualitatively influence decoherence. We exemplify the operation of the scheme on a realistically modelled NV-center spin qutrit interacting with an environment of nuclear spins.


The unit quaternion is a pervasive representation of rigid-body attitude used for the design and analysis of feedback control laws. Often, quaternion-based feedback control laws require an additional mechanism that lifts a continuous attitude trajectory to the unit quaternion space. Lifting mechanisms that are memoryless, for example, selecting the quaternion having positive scalar component, have a limited domain where they remain injective and, when used globally, introduce discontinuities into the closed-loop system. We show that such discontinuities can be exploited by an arbitrarily small measurement disturbance to stabilize attitudes far from the desired attitude and destroy "global" attractivity properties.


Over the last two decades, the significant worsening of social behaviour in Society – and especially in the financial-economic and political ambits - has raised serious doubts with regard to educational processes, above all in the financial-economic ambit. In recent years, ex-post economic analysis under the concept of
social capital and how this latter affects the economic context – the economic crisis in the loss of Social Capital, for example, has been posited. This contribution does not, however, deal with that subject; rather it deals with an ex-ante approach regarding the manner in which educational services processes should be configured in order to establish a type of social behaviour that ensures an economic-financial functioning in order to enable economico-social coordination processes to work efficiently in both economic and ethical terms. This, in turn, would be the key to confidence – to how the economy works – so that coordination costs are lowered. Confidence is the key factor in the balanced progress of a Society in which a Country's economico-social and educational dimensions are oriented as their objective with regard to the integrated development of the individual. At stake are the Economico-Societal Ordering and Educational Ordering, the configuration of work processes and the inclusion of the individual. The aim is to achieve the development of the individual as the final objective. Only through the development of technico-economic competences, on the one hand, and through social competence on the other, can we achieve individual development where the individual will cooperate with others, contributing to their development (the common good) and to the efficient use of scarce resources (productivity). This individual development has to be undertaken within a social equilibrium that guarantees long-term development in which the economico-societal dimension
once again finds itself on the path of long-termism.


Joint Lifter is a product intervening between Vertical Lift and Tiered Warehouse,which is suitable for highdensity storage in finite space.The Second Research institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation is the first and the only manufacturer of this kind of equipment at home.


The study analysed trencls in the genetic pool and production traits of Poland's population of Black-and-White (BW, n = 166061 heads) and Red-and-White (RW, n = 8834 heads) primiparous cows between 2000-2001. The genetic pool of dairy cows in Poland has undergone change due to extensive cross breading with HF cattle. In 2001, the percentage of pure-bred (without HF blood) primiparous cows of BW and RW'cattle was 8,42 and 6,15%, respectively. At the same time, hybrids with various shares of HF blood accounted for 91,58 and 93,85% of the populations of BW and RW cattle. The above data indicates that, compared to 2000, the share of pure-bred (without HF blood) primiparous cows changed respectively by +0.71 for BW and by -1,93% for RW cattle. The highest reduction in cow numbers was observed for both BW and RW cattle in the groups hg a low share of HF blood (< 25 and 26-50%). A increase in numbers was noted in the groups of RW cattle with 51-75 and 76-99% share of HF blood, respectively: +3,44 and +5,86%; while in BW cattle the respective results were: -0,75 and +4,78%. The twice as intensive changes in the increasing share of HF blood in RW cattle compared to BW cattle did not have the same impact on production. The average yearly production gain of BW cattle (+296 kg milk. +12,1 kg fat, +10,0 kg protein, 0,0% fat and +0,01% milk protein) was twice the production gain in RW cattle (+142 kg milk, +5,3 kg fat, +3,6 kg protein, 00,01% fat and -0,02% protein in milk). The limited improvement observed in breeding goals (milk yield and composition) in RW cattle was probably caused by the use of low value sires in the breeding programme.


The floating elbow is a term first used in 1980 by Stanitski and Micheli. It is an uncommon entity in adults and corresponds to a humerus fracture associated with a homolateral fracture of one or both forearm bones.


Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Introduction: Courts and Case Processing Why Study Courts? The Structure and Jurisdiction of U.S. Courts Courtroom Actors Court Process Decision Making Overview of the Book, Key Terms, Discussion Questions, Web Resources SECTION ONE: OVERVIEW OF COURTS Introduction Conflict: The Wellspring of the Modern Court How Courts Make Law The Role of the Courts in Criminal Justice Striking a Difficult Balance The Juvenile Court Summary: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Courts Key Terms, Discussion Questions, Web Resources How to Read a Research Article Readings The Process Is the Punishment: Handling Cases in a Lower Criminal Court, by Malcolm M. Feeley The Honest Politician's Guide to Juvenile Justice in the Twenty-First Century, by Barry C. Feld The Rehnquist Court and Criminal Justice: An Empirical Assessment, by Christopher E. Smith SECTION TWO: PROSECUTORS AND DEFENSE ATTORNEYS Introduction The Adversarial System Prosecutors Defense Attorneys Summary: Prosecutors and Defense Attorneys Key Terms, Discussion Questions, Web Resources Readings Prosecutorial Justifications for Sexual Assault Case Rejection: Guarding the "Gateway to Justice," by Cassia Spohn et al. Modeling Prosecutors' Charging Decisions in Domestic Violence Cases, by John L. Worrall et al. Prosecutorial Discretion in Seeking Death: An Analysis of Racial Disparity in the Pretrial Stages of Case Processing in a Midwestern County, by Jon Sorensen and Donald H. Wallace The Criminal Defense Lawyer: Zealous Advocate, Double Agent, or Beleaguered Dealer? by Rodney J. Uphoff Indigent Defenders Get the Job Done And Done Well, by Roger A. Hanson and Brian J. Ostrom Negotiating a Plea: Bargaining With the Devil, by Seymour Wishman SECTION THREE: JUDGES AND JURORS Introduction Judges and Jurors: Fact Finding and Applying the Law Judges Jurors and Jury Decision Making Summary: Judges and Jurors in the Courtroom Key Terms, Discussion Questions, Web Resources Readings Women and Men Policymakers: Does the Judge's Gender Affect the Sentencing of Criminal Defendants? by Darrel Steffensmeier and Chris Hebert Judges and the Politics of Death: Deciding Between the Bill of Rights and the Next Election in Capital Cases, by Stephen B. Bright and Patrick J. Keenan Juror Decision Making in Hate Crime Cases, by Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld Gazing Into the Crystal Ball: Can Jurors Accurately Predict Dangerousness in Capital Cases? by James W. Marquart et al. Racially Based Jury Nullification: Black Power in the Criminal Justice System, by Paul Butler SECTION FOUR: PLEA BARGAINING AND TRIAL DYNAMICS Introduction The Court Process Plea Bargaining The Courtroom Workgroup: Cooperation Rather Than Conflict Media Influence in Criminal Trials Summary: Pleas and Trials Key Terms, Discussion Questions, Web Resources Readings Prosecutorial Discretion and Plea Bargaining in the United States, France, Germany, and Italy: A Comparative Perspective, by Yue Ma The Impact of Arizona's Mandatory Drug Treatment Law on Prosecutorial Plea Bargaining in Drug Cases, by Vincent J. Webb and Nancy Rodriguez It's Not the Old Ball Game: Three Strikes and the Courtroom Workgroup, by John C. Harris and Paul Jesilow Juvenile Justice Reform and the Courtroom Workgroup: Issues of Perception and Workload, by Erika Gebo et al. The Entertainment Value of a Trial: How Media Access to the Courtroom Is Changing the American Judicial Process, by Jeffrey S. Johnson SECTION FIVE: SENTENCING Introduction The Goals of Sentencing The Judge's Options at Sentencing How Do Judges Decide? Summary: Sentencing-An Inexact Science Key Terms, Discussion Questions, Web Resources Readings The Brothel Boy, by Norval Morris Is Preferential Treatment of Female Offenders a Thing of the Past? A Multisite Study of Gender, Race, and Imprisonment by Cassia Spohn and Dawn Beichner The Interactive Effects of Victim Race and Gender on Death Sentence Disparity Findings, by Marian R. Williams and Jefferson E. Holcomb The Juvenile Penalty: A Comparison of Juvenile and Young Adult Sentencing Outcomes in Criminal Court, by Megan C. Kurlychek and Brian D. Johnson SECTION SIX: SPECIALIZED COURTS AND OTHER TRENDS IN ADJUDICATION Introduction Trendy Courts? The Specialized Court Movement Restorative Justice Key Terms, Discussion Questions, Web Resources Summary: Specialized Courts Readings The Baltimore City Drug Treatment Court: One-Year Results From a Randomized Study, by Denise C. Gottfredson and M. Lyn Exum Combating Domestic Violence: Findings From an Evaluation of a Local Domestic Violence Court, by Angela R. Gover et al. A Therapeutic Jurisprudence Approach to the Trial Process in Domestic Violence Felony Trials, by Carolyn Copps Hartley Teen Court Referral, Sentencing, and Subsequent Recidivism: Two Proportional Hazards Models and a Little Speculation, by Andrew Rasmussen SECTION SEVEN: BEYOND CONVICTION AND SENTENCING Introduction What Happens Next? Underlying Concepts Appeals Habeas Corpus Considering Clemency Summary Key Terms, Discussion Questions, Web Resources Readings Appellate Court Supervisions in the Federal Judiciary: A Hierarchical Perspective, by Susan B. Haire et al. Measuring the Preferences of State Supreme Court Judges, by Paul Brace et al. The Federal Habeas Corpus Process: Unraveling the Issues, by Robert D. Pursley Who Has the Body? The Paths to Habeas Corpus Reform, by Cary Federman Identity, Strategy, and Feminist Politics: Clemency for Battered Women Who Kill, by Patricia Gagne Glossary References Index About the Authors


In a former number of the Transactions! Mr. J. L. Coolidge has given a classified list of the possible species of quadrics in hyperbolic space; his method is based on that used by Clebsch for discussing the mutual relations of two quadrics. It seems desirable, however, that the classification should be associated with the algebraic problem of reducing two quaternary quadratic forms to canonical types ; the solution of this problem is, of course, based on WeierSTRASS's theory of invariant factors-^ One obvious advantage of using invariant factors as a basis of classification is that they can be determined without any preliminary reduction of the equation to the quadric; indeed, it is generally necessary to find the factors before we can begin the reduction. Another advantage may be found in the fact that the canonical types given by WeierSTRASS are the most compact possible. § The first classification of two quadrics by means of invariant factors is due to Sylvester. || From the geometrical point of view, an elaborate discussion was carried out, independently of Weierstrass's methods, by Painvin;^] Pain vin touches on the question of reality, but only in the simplest case (when the invariant factors are linear). According to Muth, the application to quadrics


In this study, one-dimensional unsaturated flow modeling was performed for simulation of infiltration from surface sources into a collapsible soil profile. Degree of wetting profiles obtained for various extreme landscape and surface run-off conditions were used to estimate strain profiles and surface settlement. Control of site water is demonstrated to be very important to reduction of foundation movement risk in moisture sensitive soils.


A study is made of time−dependent dynamical symmetry mappings of Hamilton's equations for classical particle systems. The conditions that an infinitesimal mapping (δxA, δt) ≡ (ξA(x,t) δa, ξ0(x,t) δa), A = 1, ..., 2n, be a symmetry mapping are expressed in terms of a ''symmetry vector'' ZA(x,t) ≡ ξA − ξ0 ηAB∂BH (x,t) (where ηAB defines the symplectic matrix of phase space). These conditions imply that ξ0 is arbitrary. It is shown that the symmetry deformation of a constant of motion M (x,t) will also be a (''derived'') constant of motion (time−dependent related integral theorem). It follows for the case H = H (x) that every time−dependent symmetry deformation of H (x) is a constant of motion, and it is shown conversely that every constant of motion M (x,t) can be expressed as a symmetry deformation of the Hamiltonian, that is, there exists a symmetry vector ZA(x,t) such that M = ZA∂AH. It is found that if ZA(≠0) is a symmetry vector, then M (x,t) ZA will be a (scaled) symmetry vector if and only if M is a ...


'THERE is still limited information available on species other than cattle and pigs which would allow for assessment of food safety and animal health and welfare aspects.' So says the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in its recently published 'update on the state of play of animal cloning'. The authority had been asked by the European Commission to review possible scientific developments surrounding the cloning of animals for food production purposes. The update follows the EFSA's scientific opinion on animal cloning, which was published in 2008 (VR, August 2, 2008, vol 163, p 131), and a subsequent statement on the issue, published last year. Following a call for evidence and review of recently published literature, the EFSA concludes that no new information has become available that would require it to reconsider its previous conclusions and recommendations on the food safety and animal health and welfare aspects of animal cloning. It confirms the conclusion that mortality rates and the number of animals born with developmental abnormalities are higher in animal clones than in conventionally bred animals. It says that there is still limited information available on cloning of species other than cattle and pigs and that, at present, risk assessment can be carried out only for these two species. It also says that, in relation to food safety, there is no indication that differences exist for meat and milk of clones and their progeny compared with those from conventionally bred animals. The update also provides information on the efficiency of cloning compared with natural breeding and assisted reproductive technologies. The EFSA notes that cloning efficiency in cattle and pigs is still lower than the efficiency of natural breeding and technologies such as artificial insemination. However, in pigs, cloning has similar efficiency to in vitro production of embryos and embryo transfer. For cattle, the EFSA says that in vitro fertilisation technologies using similar handling techniques to cloning can deliver healthy animals, but at a higher rate. This, it suggests, indicates that the reprogramming of the somatic donor cell nucleus is a major factor affecting cloning efficiency. 'If the success rate of the epigenetic reprogramming is improved, it is expected that the pathologies and mortalities observed in a proportion of clones would decrease,' it says. The EFSA's update is available at www. efsa.europa.eu/en/scdocs/scdoc/1784.htm doi: 10.1136/vr.c5543


Summary  Background  Literature data report an association between some vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and different kinds of tumours, including malignant melanoma (MM). Only three VDR polymorphisms (FokI, TaqI and A‐1012G) have been investigated in association with the presence of cutaneous MM or the development of metastases.


There are mainly five steps in agriculture that are plowing, seeding, watering, tuning, harvesting. In this project, we are going to mainly focus on Boring, where a robot with the help of the drilling tool attached at its rear side will be used to remove the soil for the plantation. Secondly comes plantation, here the person will carry out plantation at desired places. Then comes the maintenance of the crop in which the amount of watering, sunlight, pesticide, fertilizer required for the healthy growth of the plant is controlled by the robot with help of electronic circuits present inside a robot. Then we focus on tuning operation, this module will be taken care of by cutters attached to the robot. Finally, fruit picking operation is done by a three-hand jaw attached to a robot which will be used to pick the fruits. Another additional module is a sample of soil that will be taken and processed with different chemicals and give us output as deficient nutrients in the soil and fertilizers to be added to make soil fertile land and suitable atmospheric conditions for the crop


Transcription factor gene GmWRKY21 was introduced into two soybean varieties 'Zhechun No.5' and 'Zhonghuang 13' via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system.Embryonic tips jointed with one piece of cotyledon severed as explants in this study.Transformation events were confirmed using target gene-specific and construct-specific PCR analysis.Transgenic plants showed significantly lower electric conductivity than their non-transgenic controls before and after chilling treatment.Better low temperature tolerability of transgenic plants was confirmed after recovered for days: the transgenic plants grew normally,while their controls died in 7 to 10 days after chilling treatment.These results indicated that GmWRKY21 gene had been introduced into soybean genome and it's likely that this gene participated in response to low temperature stress,and finally led to an improved cold tolerance in soybean.


Industrial communication requires the seamless interworking of network, computing and automation elements to ensure scalability, stability, reliability and real-time behaviour. It has to support a broad range of use cases which are related to the internal network of a production site (e.g. adding wireless sensors) as well as to extensions to public networks (e.g. remote monitoring) — of course fulfilling the necessary cyber security requirements. In this paper we present a new approach which is based on a modular communication system which takes into account the integration of heterogeneous innovative technologies into a holistic industrial ICT. It comprises of secure links to machines, sensors and mobile objects with low latency, cloud infrastructure and automated distribution of intelligence and resources. Quality of service support for the reliable connection of sites via public networks is considered as well. This work is supported by the Federal Ministry of Economy of Germany and a first outlook to the underlying concepts is presented.


Exciting research is being conducted using Google's street view imagery. Researchers can have access to training data that allows CNN training for topics ranging from assessing neighborhood environments to estimating the age of a building. However, due to the uncontrolled nature of imagery available via Google's Street View API, data collection can be lengthy and tedious. In an effort to help researchers gather address specific dwelling images efficiently, we developed an innovative and novel way of automatically performing this task. It was accomplished by exploiting Google's publicly available platform with a combination of 3 separate network types and postprocessing techniques. Our uniquely developed NMS technique helped achieve 99.4%, valid, address specific, dwelling images.


Abstract 3506 Poster Board III-443 A diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is confirmed with support from the laboratory. Antibodies associated with HIT are specific for complexes made up of heparin and platelet factor 4 (PF4) and can be detected in a solid phase ELISA (PF4 ELISA). However, a functional test, the serotonin release assay (SRA) is regarded by many to be the "gold standard" for laboratory investigation of this disorder. In our facility, the SRA is performed by incubating serotonin-labeled platelets (pooled from three different group O donors) with test serum and low dose (0.1 units/ml) or high dose (100 units/ml) heparin and determining the percentage of total serotonin released. Release of serotonin (20-100%) with low dose heparin and inhibition of this release with high dose heparin is considered to be "positive" for platelet-activating HIT antibodies. Sera from some patients cause serotonin release with low dose heparin that is not inhibited with high dose heparin. The significance for these "indeterminate" reactions is unclear, but they are considered not to reflect the presence of "true" HIT antibodies. We studied selected serum samples from 238 patients referred for HIT testing. Of these, 119 tested "true" positive and 117 produced "indeterminate" reactions in the SRA. The same samples were tested for the presence of antibodies reactive with beads coated with various Class I HLA antigens using a flow cytometric bead assay (Flow PRA, One Lambda). Sera producing at least 30% release in SRA and reactive with at least 20% of the bead panel were selected for analysis. As shown in Figure 1, there was a high correlation between the likelihood of an "indeterminate" SRA test result and the presence of Class I HLA antibodies (p As expected, there was a significant correlation between the strength of reactions produced by individual "true positive" sera in the SRA (% release) and in the PF4/heparin ELISA (O.D. value). However, in analyzing 38 sera with "true positive" test results in the SRA, we identified two that were negative in the PF4 ELISA and contained broad Class I HLA reactivity (reactive with 100% and 41% of the panel, respectively). We conclude 1) Class I HLA antibodies are the major cause of "indeterminate" reactions in the serotonin release assay and 2) A subset of these antibodies can be inhibited by high dose heparin and therefore mimics the behavior of "true" HIT antibodies in the SRA. Unless the PF4 ELISA test is used together with the SRA, this type of reaction could lead to an erroneous diagnosis of HIT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


A challenge these days is how to extract and display core concepts in data. One solution is to view concepts and their relationships in three-dimensions (3D) especially data that has parent - child relationships between concepts. I see the future lying with visualizations and with understanding the differences between data points rather than the actual data points themselves. This helps with comprehending issues and understanding how one concept can interact and affect others such as the relationships between the concepts of humankind, the natural world, and the artificial world. This paper addresses the issue of how to represent data in a way that shows relationships between concepts in three dimensions and can be viewed for different purposes. It provides a procedure for mapping data within a 3D environment using a Systems-of-System Engineering (SoSE) approach. This is called 'SoSEdata3d'. Each concept is assessed and quantified using relevant criteria and the results are represented in three dimensions using a combination of a data and metadata defined global model framework, a multi level matrix using the principles of fuzzy logic and granulation using interval and finite mathematics and a series of digital fingerprinting and relativity transformations of the data. This produces a capstone system which displays the dynamic relationships between concepts in 3D. SoSEdata3d allows the user to see visually the links or connections between nodes which represent concepts and to analyse them dynamically by rotating the resulting conceptual relationship model.


A new instrument based on a ring gas laser is proposed. This instrument is a laser magnetometer which can be used to determine the absolute value and the direction of an external magnetic field H under static conditions.


We use a sample of 69726 galaxies from the SDSS to study the variation of the bimodal color‐magnitude (CM) distribution with environment. Dividing the galaxy population by environment (Σ5) and luminosity (−23 < Mr < −17), the u − r color functions are modeled using double‐Gaussian functions. This enables a deconvolution of the CM distributions into two populations: red and blue sequences. The changes with increasing environmental density can be separated into two effects: a large increase in the fraction of galaxies in the red distribution, and a small color shift in the CM relations of each distribution. The average color shifts are 0.05 ± 0.01 and 0.11 ± 0.02 for the red and blue distributions, respectively, over a factor of 100 in projected neighbor density. The red fraction varies between about 0% and 70% for low‐luminosity galaxies and between about 50% and 90% for high‐luminosity galaxies. This difference is also shown by the variation of the luminosity functions with environment. We demonstrate tha...


The total sulfur analysis in the feed gas sample by using standard gas and liquid has been researched. The concentration of total sulfur obtained from a calibration curve by using standard gas or liquid by TS - 100V. Based on the analysis of measurement linearity, by making curve a linearity from a standard gas H 2 S was 0.999 and standard liquid dibutyl sulfide was 0.998, where both the standard curve can be as a calibration curve because each the value of the correlation coefficient (r) having worth >0.995. Based on the analysis of measurement precision namely repeatability by measuring a feed gas sample train G as many as 5 times been gained. RSD value was 4.17 in standard gas and 4.70 in standard liquid. Both the calibration curve has been accepted because the relative standard deviation values less than 0.67 from Horwitz and still into get allowed range values from 7.3 to 11%. Based on the analysis of accuracy's measurement is percent recovery for the standard gas was 100.578% and for standard liquid was 104.380%. Both of them has been accepted because it still fit in the allowed range values 80-110%. Keywords : Total Sulfur, H 2 S Standard Gas, Standard Liquid Dibutyl Sulphites and TS-100V


When using machine learning techniques for learning a function approximation from given data it can be di cult to select the right modelling technique. Without preliminary knowledge about the function it might be beneficial if the algorithm could learn all models by itself and select the model that suits best to the problem, an approach known as automated model selection. We propose a generalization of this approach that also allows to combine the predictions of several surrogate models into one more accurate ensemble surrogate model. This approach is studied in a fundamental way, by first evaluating minimalistic ensembles of only two surrogate models in detail and then proceeding to ensembles with more surrogate models. The results show to what extent combinations of models can perform better than single surrogate models and provide insights into the scalability and robustness of the approach. The focus is on multi-modal functions which are important in surrogate-assisted global optimization.


The article intends to diagnose a difference between the structures of the telecommunications and the pay-TV broadcasting sectors, named as the Serviços de Acesso Condicionado, with regards to the network structures which assist both sectors. The diagnose considers the formation, evolution from both sectors as well as the challenges imposed to them. Inspired by the essential facilities doctrine, the study points the sharing of networks and the sharing of network`s infrastructure as an alternative for the providers from these markets under analysis, specially due to the fact that they`ve been recently pressured to revisit their business models.


Oblivious transfer (OT) protocols mainly contain three categories: 1-out-of-2 OT, 1-out-of-n OT, and k-out-of-n OT. In most cases, they are treated as cryptographic primitives and are usually executed without consideration of possible attacks that might frequently occur in an open network, such as an impersonation, replaying, or man-in-the-middle attack. Therefore, when used in certain applications, such as mental poker games and fair contract signings, some extra mechanisms must be combined to ensure the security of the protocol. However, after a combination, we found that very few of the resulting schemes are efficient enough in terms of communicational cost, which is a significant concern for generic commercial transactions. Therefore, we propose a novel k-out-of-n oblivious transfer protocol based on bilinear pairing, which not only satisfies the requirements of a k-out-of-n OT protocol, but also provides mutual authentication to resist malicious attacks. Meanwhile, it is efficient in terms of communication cost.


With the development of intensive farming through the use of fertilizers, pesticides, it has become increasingly polluting. This is why they are pushing for the return of sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture has as major objectives the optimization of productivity, while preserving the basic natural resources. This means that in agricultural production systems, it is imperative to maintain a balance between inputs and outputs, between investments and benefits, while ensuring the protection of the environment and the promotion of a sustainable economy as a whole. Due to intensive farming, using pesticides, chemical fertilizers, or residues from zootechnical activities, soil is the main affected. Most soils are losing their nutrients and organic matter in a higher proportion than the process of their regeneration, which leads to their depletion, resulting in irreversible degradation. Soil pollution means any action that causes the disruption of normal soil functioning as a support and living environment within natural ecosystems.


Retrospective conversion of serials cataloging is discussed and compared with professional recataloging. A study of 357 recataloged titles illustrates problems with serials records available on the national bibliographic utilities. During retrospective conversions, libraries choose those records which best suit their needs, but this process does not enhance the utility databases. A possible technological solution is proposed.


How to decolonize time from the perspective of the Caribbean, particularly Haiti? This essay tackles the question of decolonial temporalities in narratives of Haitian pasts, presents, and futures. For Caribbean historians, the past of the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) provides a transformative set of coordinates for projecting anti- and decolonial visions. This essay pays special attention to the layered histories and temporal condensations entailed in James, Trouillot, and Casimir's interventions. To discuss decolonial time, this essay analyzes a range of histories, dramas, literary texts, and oral storytelling. Connections across these different texts, and, especially, their various iterations over the decades will be used to explore the shifting understandings of time and historical change. The essay will illustrate how new visions of the past are understood through the changing lenses of the present. How, the essay asks, are imagined futures grounded in, shaped by, and how do they refashion in turn, historical pasts and contemporary presents? Rasanblaj – meaning gathering/reassembling/rebuilding in Haitian Kreyòl – is the central decolonial concept and process for this essay, which builds on Gina Athena Ulysse's previous articulations. This essay's argument links space to time and relates to the specific spaces of Haiti and the Caribbean, and to rewriting literary and historical narratives. Such is the power of rewriting and rasanblaj that they completely refashion any discussion of time and space in the postcolonial Caribbean literary and historiographical narratives discussed here.


The call for a just social order in Aotearoa (New Zealand) includes the transformation of mono-cultural institutions such as the accountancy profession. Maori women accountants in this research expressed concern about maintaining their identity as Maori while participating in the corporate culture of the firms in which they are employed. These women helped form a Maori accountants' network and special interest groups to support and encourage Maori in the profession. They are working within the organisation and the discipline of accounting to create new knowledge and practice, through which their professional careers as accountants may be enhanced without the diminishing of those values that give life to te ao Maori (a Maori perspective).


Day ahead forecasts of ocean swell amplitude at fixed deep water observation platforms could provide critical decision making information for a large number of costal ocean activities. Currently the hourly measurements of wave height data provided from fixed deep water observation platforms tend to be irregular, and contaminated with noise. This data quality issue has been problematic for previous approaches to wave amplitude forecasting. This paper proposes a solution to the data quality issue through recursively regularized weight estimation for a recurrent multilayer perceptron neural network. Experimentation has shown that the proposed model out preforms standard feed forward models as well as extended Kalman filter trained recurrent neural models in a next day forecasting task.


The paper presents a "Systems Methodology" for creating optimum system solutions to complex problems and issues. The Holy Grail of systems engineering, a universal systems methodology has been the subject of the author's ongoing research for over 20 years. The systems methodology, its precepts, concepts, ideas, methods and tools are presented in the paper, alongside a worked example showing the creative design of a sophisticated land-based defense capability. N.B. An expanded description of the full systems methodology can be found at http://www.hitchins.net/SysMethodology.html and of the worked example at http://www.hitchins.net/LandForce2010.html


This guide provides resources and suggested strategies to support research in the Spanish and Latin American Cultures course Language and Revolution.


Coating method was applied in cast-infiltration to prepare a ternary layer containing boron,chromium and carbon on the surface of 45 steel cast using ferroboron,graphite and high carbon ferrochrome as raw materials.The influence of different coating ratios on the microstructure and hardness of the cast-infiltrated layers was studied.The results show that the cast-infiltrated layer was mainly constituted by martensite,Cr23C6,Fe-Cr,Fe23(C,B)6 and Fe3C,which were responsible for increasing nearly three times of the hardness of casting surface.The best coating ratio was w(Cr)∶w(B)∶w(C)=80∶10∶10.


Ultra-low-loss high-aspect-ratio Si 3 N 4 waveguides Jared F. Bauters, 1,* Martijn J. R. Heck, 1 Demis John, 1 Daoxin Dai, 1 Ming-Chun Tien, 1 Jonathon S. Barton, 1 Arne Leinse, 2 Rene G. Heideman, 2 Daniel J. Blumenthal, 1 and John E. Bowers 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA LioniX BV, P.O. Box 456, 7500 AH, Enschede, Netherlands *email@example.com Abstract: We characterize an approach to make ultra-low-loss waveguides using stable and reproducible stoichiometric Si 3 N 4 deposited with low- pressure chemical vapor deposition. Using a high-aspect-ratio core geometry, record low losses of 8-9 dB/m for a 0.5 mm bend radius down to 3 dB/m for a 2 mm bend radius are measured with ring resonator and optical frequency domain reflectometry techniques. From a waveguide loss model that agrees well with experimental results, we project that 0.1 dB/m total propagation loss is achievable at a 7 mm bend radius with this approach. ©2011 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (130.0130) Integrated optics; (230.7390) Waveguides, planar. References and links H. Takahashi, "Planar lightwave circuit devices for optical communication: present and future," Proc. SPIE C. Ciminelli, F. Dell'Olio, C. E. Campanella, and M. N. Armenise, "Photonic technologies for angular velocity sensing," Adv. Opt Photon. 2(3), 370–404 (2010). E. F. Burmeister, J. P. Mack, H. N. Poulsen, M. L. Masanovic, B. Stamenic, D. J. Blumenthal, and J. E. Bowers, "Photonic integrated circuit optical buffer for packet-switched networks," Opt. Express 17(8), 6629–6635 K. Horikawa, I. Ogawa, T. Kitoh, and H. Ogawa, "Silica-based integrated planar lightwave true-time-delay network for microwave antenna applications," in Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference, (San Jose, Calif., 1996), Vol. 2, pp. 100–101. Y. Li, and C. Henry, "Silica-based optical integrated circuits," IEE Proc., Optoelectron. 143(5), 263 (1996). B. Larsen, L. Nielsen, K. Zenth, L. Leick, C. Laurent-Lund, L. Andersen, and K. Mattsson, "A Low-Loss, Silicon-Oxynitride Process for Compact Optical Devices," in Proceedings of ECOC (Rimini, Italy, 2003). R. Adar, M. Serbin, and V. Mizrahi, "Less than 1 dB per meter propagation loss of silica waveguides measured using a ring resonator," J. Lightwave Technol. 12(8), 1369–1372 (1994). T. Kominato, Y. Hida, M. Itoh, H. Takahashi, S. Sohma, T. Kitoh, and Y. Hibino, "Extremely low-loss (0.3 dB/m) and long silica-based waveguides with large width and clothoid curve connection," in Proceedings of ECOC (Stockholm, Sweden, 2004). F. Morichetti, A. Melloni, M. Martinelli, R. G. Heideman, A. Leinse, D. H. Geuzebroek, and A. Borreman, "Box-Shaped Dielectric Waveguides: A New Concept in Integrated Optics?" J. Lightwave Technol. 25(9), 2579– F. P. Payne, and J. P. Lacey, "A theoretical analysis of scattering loss from planar optical waveguides," Opt. Quantum. Electron. 26(10), 977–986 (1994). A. Melloni, F. Morichetti, R. Costa, G. Cusmai, R. Heideman, R. Mateman, D. Geuzebroek, and A. Borreman, "TriPleX TM : a new concept in optical waveguiding," in Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Integrated Optics (Copenhagen, Denmark, 2007), pp. 3–6. D. Dai, J. F. Bauters, M. Tien, M. Heck, D. Blumenthal, and J. E. Bowers, "Polarization characteristics of low- loss nano-core buried optical waveguides and directional couplers," in Proceedings of GFP (Beijing, China, F. Ay, and A. Aydinli, "Comparative investigation of hydrogen bonding in silicon based PECVD grown dielectrics for optical waveguides," Opt. Mater. 26(1), 33–46 (2004). S. Sakaguchi, S. Todoroki, and S. Shibata, "Rayleigh scattering in silica glasses," J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79(11), T. Barwicz, and H. Haus, "Three-dimensional analysis of scattering losses due to sidewall roughness in microphotonic waveguides," J. Lightwave Technol. 23(9), 2719–2732 (2005). #136596 - $15.00 USD Received 13 Oct 2010; revised 9 Dec 2010; accepted 13 Dec 2010; published 3 Feb 2011 (C) 2011 OSA 14 February 2011 / Vol. 19, No. 4 / OPTICS EXPRESS 3163


The aquaculture industry plays an important role in strengthening the socio-economic aspects of the community in providing job- and income-generating opportunities. The Brackish Water Cage Culture has been identified as one of the potential enterprises within the aquaculture industry that can aid in this. The involvement of youth in this industry is important to ensure the industry's success. This industry may also effectively help to solve the problem of unemployment, especially among youth. The main objective of this paper is to discover the potential benefits and problems faced by youth in the brackish water cage culture industry. Literature and document analyses provide the data in this qualitative study. Findings from this study revealed a number of potential benefits from this industry, which includes business and employment opportunities. This paper also highlights several potential problems and discusses issues related to capital and competitiveness in the industry. This paper goes on to suggest a number of recommendations that the authorities can consider to further develop this industry.


The contribution of superconducting fluctuations to the conductivity, or paraconductivity, is studied in the underdoped regime of La2-xSrxCuO4 cuprates. A perpendicular magnetic field up to 50T is applied to suppress the superconductivity and obtain the normal state resistivity, which is then used to calculate the paraconductivity. Surprisingly enough, it is consistent with a two-dimensional Aslamazov-Larkin regime of Gaussian fluctuations close to the critical temperature. At higher temperature, the paraconductivity exhibits a power-law decrease in temperature (as T-α ), as was previously shown for underdoped YBa2Cu3O7-δ and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ samples. Our observations are not consistent with the existence of Kosterlitz-Thouless fluctuations. This tends to indicate that the superconducting pair amplitude is not already defined above TC in the pseudogap state.


Objective To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of PHOTIFED-M child cough syrup in stopping coughing with acute bronchitis.Methods 400 patients were randomly divided into two groups:treatment group(200 cases),received PHOTIFED-M child cough syrup and control group(200 cases),were treated with acute bronchitis syrup,based on therapy of infection control for 5 days.comprehensive scoring changes in cough frequency,severity,amount of expectoration and difficulty in expectoration were compared.Results There were significant improvement on cough frequency,severity,amount of expectoration and difficulty in expectoration of both groups(P0.01);The significant difference about total rate of improvement on cough frequency,severity,amount of expectoration and difficulty in expectoration was found between the two groups on day 3(P0.01);there was significant difference about rate of improvement on cough severity(P0.01),cough frequency and difficulty in expectoration(P0.05)and duration of cough and expectoration(P0.01),whereas there was no significant difference about rate of improvement on amount of expectoration(P0.05)on day 5.Generally,there was significant difference on clinical effect of treatment between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion The PHOTIFED-M child cough syrup has good efficacy and safety with good compliance for acute bronchitis.


International Journal of Statistics and Probability wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.

Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Statistics and Probability publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.

Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 1

Chin-Shang Li, School of Nursing, USA

Faisal Khamis, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Canada

Felix Almendra-Arao, UPIITA del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México

Gabriel A. Okyere, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana

Gerardo Febres, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Venezuela

Mohieddine Rahmouni, University of Tunis, Tunisia

Noha Youssef, American University in Cairo, Egypt

Philip Westgate, University of Kentucky, USA

Qingyang Zhang, University of Arkansas, USA

Shatrunjai Pratap Singh, John Hancock Financial Services, USA

Weizhong Tian, Eastern New Mexico University, USA

Zaixing Li, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), China

Wendy Smith

On behalf of,

The Editorial Board of International Journal of Statistics and Probability

Canadian Center of Science and Education


We demonstrate fractional orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams generated using a spiral phase plate (SPP) from a Gaussian input beam. The phase properties of these beams are studied experimentally using Mach-Zender interferometer technique. The generated fractional OAM beams are explained by decomposing them into sum of Laguerre Gaussian (LG) modes. The analysis presented is useful in determining the prominent charge value, different higher order mode content in OAM beam and also helps to estimate its purity. This modal analysis is expected to be useful in OAM beams based communication system for spatial mode filtering at the receiving end of the link and also to obtain purity of OAM beams.


As loyal critics of the university whose worldviews furthered key existentialist commitments, Octavio Paz and Hazel Barnes advanced philosophies of education inspired by the struggles of the 1968 student social protest movements. Their appeals to what a complete university education is and ought be demonstrate remarkable compatibility given their existentialist affinities and so are relevant to a normative critique of the mission of today's colleges and universities. Both took seriously the idea that the university's didactic mission should include the ideal of cultivating a socially and politically desirable, and morally defensible, account of the individual self in action. These thinkers also contended that the university should be seen as a place where selves in action rehearse engaged moral reflection towards self-fulfillment and social justice across generations. Seen against the violence that marred such episodes as the police riots during the Democratic Convention in Chicago in August 1968 and the Tlatelolco Massacre in Mexico City weeks later, my argument demonstrates how and why the radical normative underpinning of Barnes' and Paz's philosophies of education offer important guidelines for appraising the purposive nature of today's university. One key outcome of my paper is that it points the way towards what I will call a pan-American existentialist philosophy of education that is responsive to the generational needs, ideals, and challenges of students today across the universities, communities, and nations of the western hemisphere, especially between the United States and Mexico.


Provided is a pump dispenser for ejecting foam, which avoids a need for forming a separate air chamber in the lower part of a cap, has a simplified structure by eliminating an opening valve, and prevents distortion of a liquid container. The pump dispenser for ejecting foam comprises: a nozzle head(10) having a foam ejection port(11) and a cylindrical portion(12); a nozzle head support member(20); a foam opening/closing valve embedded in the support member; a mesh(22) disposed at the upper part of the valve; a cap(40) coupled to the inlet of a liquid container(30); a liquid piston housing(50) having a first valve(51); a liquid piston shaft(60) including a valve shaft(62) having a second valve(63) for opening/closing a gas/liquid mixing chamber(61); and a valve shaft guide(70). The pump further comprises: an air piston fixing portion(100) formed integrally with the nozzle head; air inlet groove(110); an air chamber(200) formed at the upper part of the cap; an air piston embedded in the air chamber; an air opening/closing portion(310) for opening/closing the air inlet groove; a nozzle head support plate(250); an air flow path(260) formed between the nozzle head support plate and the bottom of the air piston fixing portion; a liquid piston(400) formed at the bottom of the liquid piston shaft; an air opening/closing plate(500) formed in the middle of the liquid piston shaft having an O-ring(600); a first air opening/closing surface(410) formed at the center of the cap; a first air inlet hole(700) formed on the inner circumference of the liquid piston housing; and a second air inlet hole(710) perforated on the wall of the liquid piston housing.


Summary.  Background: Activation of platelets with collagen plus thrombin produces a subset of cells known as coated‐platelets. Coated‐platelets retain several α‐granule proteins on their surface, express phosphatidylserine (PS), lose mitochondrial potential and release microparticles. Objective: A number of these characteristics are also observed in apoptotic cells, and this similarity leads to the hypothesis that mechanisms controlling initiation of apoptosis might also affect generation of coated‐platelets. Results: In this report, we demonstrate that BH3 mimetics, molecules that facilitate apoptosis by releasing pro‐apoptotic Bax from its antiapoptotic partner Bcl‐2, are able to promote coated‐platelet formation as monitored by several different markers of these cells. Specifically, gossypol and methoxy‐antimycin (MAM) promote fibrinogen retention, mitochondrial depolarization, and PS exposure upon activation with thrombin plus convulxin, a ligand of the glycoprotein VI collagen receptor. Gossypol also potentiates microparticle release by convulxin plus thrombin activated platelets although MAM does not. In addition, Bax activators together with thrombin generate coated‐platelets, effectively bypassing the requirement for convulxin. Conclusion: These findings further support a close relationship between apoptotic‐like events and the production of coated‐platelets.


In state-space models, parameter learning is practically dicult and is still an open issue. This paper proposes an ecient simulation-based parameter learning method. First, the approach breaks up the interdependence of the hidden states and the static parameters by marginalizing out the states using a particle lter. Second, it applies a Bayesian resample-move approach to this marginalized system. The methodology is generic and needs little design eort. Dierent from batch estimation methods, it provides posterior quantities necessary for full sequential inference and recursive model monitoring. The algorithm is implemented both on simulated data in a linear Gaussian model for illustration and comparison and on real data in a L evy jump stochastic volatility model and a structural credit risk model.


whether Jack arrived at this figure based on a question asked systematically in his interviews; nor does he state whether this means that 80 percent of the students he spoke to were bothered by this form of segregation or whether they felt neutral. Finally, there is considerable ambiguity in just who was included in the final sample of interviewees. I would have liked more concrete data on the education and income levels of the subjects' families and whether the students were Pell-eligible or received free or reduced lunch in school. In a book called the Privileged Poor, it is not clear that all of the students he interviewed were poor. The incredible access that Jack had at Renowned permits him insight into a great variety of dynamics on campus; it is equally clear that he earned the trust of his respondents. At times, though, I was left wanting more insight into the evidentiary basis of the book's claims. Ultimately, Jack has written a rich and provocative book about the ways in which rich schools continue to fail poor students. While improving educational access, they have not significantly improved social or academic inclusion. Jack's analysis shows how lower-income students sometimes experience marginalization and fall through the cracks—partially due to resources they do not possess and partially due to institutional policies. Ample opportunities exist to close these cracks and ensure better experiences and outcomes for lower-income students. Jack's book provides an excellent jumping-off point for higher education administrators who are willing to look inward and accept the challenge of making their institutions more inclusive.


The mechanism of limited swelling of a phase-segregated crosslinked polyurethane netwoork in some selected commonly used industrial solvents has been studied at 25 o C. The equilibrium volume increase has been used to determine diffusion and sorption coefficients. The data obtained during the course of these investigations fits a mechanistic growth model that predicts solvent uptake


Results are presented of a numerical simulation of convective instability in solar ponds using a modified version of COMMIX, a transient, three-dimensional, thermo-hydraulic computer code. The simulation is for the ideal case of a fluid slab that is stratified by salt and heated from below, with initially constant salinity and temperature gradients. Exact results are calculated using linear stability theory and provide the predicted behavior that the simulation should match. Oscillations calculated by the exact theory show a remarkable similarity to microstructure temperature oscillations observed in several solar ponds. The computer simulation predicts conditions of stability with fair accuracy and displays oscillations of the correct form. The accuracy of the quantitative results appears to be limited by numerical diffusion.


We discuss various aspects of "braid spaces" or configuration spaces of unordered points on manifolds. First we describe how the homology of these spaces is affected by puncturing the underlying manifold, hence extending some results of Fred Cohen, Goryunov and Napolitano. Next we obtain a precise bound for the cohomological dimension of braid spaces. This is related to some sharp and useful connectivity bounds that we establish for the reduced symmetric products of any simplicial complex. Our methods are geometric and exploit a dual version of configuration spaces given in terms of truncated symmetric products. We finally refine and then apply a theorem of McDuff on the homological connectivity of a map from braid spaces to some spaces of "vector fields". 55R80; 55S15, 18G20 To Fred Cohen on his 60th birthday


The practical limits on resolution of images produced by processing seismic data with a Born approximation depend on the spectrum of the source pulse, the incompleteness of the recording geometry, and the fidelity with which one can model the reference medium. These factors together prevent one from recovering a point image from data produced by a point diffractor in the subsurface. A simple imaging formula quantifies the effect of the source pulse, showing that spatial wavelet extent in an imaged volume is related to the product of the local velocity and the period of the propagating pulse. A general 3-D scheme for estimating the effect on resolution of the recording geometry is applied to various recording geometries in a homogeneous 3-D medium to show the importance of increasing the aperture of recording. A study of layered versus homogeneous media on the image resolution, lateral and horizontal, with 2-D models shows that layering, with a monotonic velocity increase, actually improves the lateral ima...


This paper reviews and discusses the synthesis techniques of waterborne polyurethane,which in- clude one component and two components system,and introduces some kinds of modification methods.The capability of waterborne polyurethane is discussed,including stability,water-durability,mechanical strength and so on.The ap- plication of WPU is introduced.Finally the actualities,problems and prospects of waterborne polyurethane are dis- cussed.


Abstract : The Russo-Ukrainian conflict began in 2014, and brought with it an emergence of electronic warfare unexpected by the world, and the US Army. In the following years, gaps in US Army capabilities also emerged. To address these gaps, documents such as Lessons Learned from the Russo-Ukrainian War, and the Russian New Generation Warfare Handbook began to appear. These two documents described what this thesis refers to as a Degraded, Denied, and Disrupted Space Operating Environment (D3SOE). While mentioned in military articles, the term was never defined, or incorporated in to Army doctrine. As a result, there was a delay in response by Army component branches, including the Field Artillery. This thesis seeks to answer, How does a modern field artillery battalion operate in a D3SOE? To answer the question, the thesis begins by examining the current capabilities of a modern field artillery cannon battalion, the characteristic of a D3SOE, and how a D3SOE affects the Five Requirements for Accurate Fire (5RFAF). The thesis then analyzes three cases to determine how well current units and their capabilities meet the 5RFAF. The thesis concludes by answering the research question, and providing recommendations for capability developments in Doctrine, Training, and Materiel to enable a field artillery battalion to effectively meet the 5RFAF.


Music is one of the most important and strongest types of cultural expression in South America. With diverse roots in the myriad of cultures of the many countries which shape our continent, music contributes to the South American identity. Distinct sounds, rhythms, styles and instruments compose a musical tissue, in which it is possible to recognize the special colors of a specific country or the printed image of the sonorous "language" from a special region.


nomic relationships allows multiple theoretical models to explain essentially the same behavior. At the same time, indirect measurement places great demands on data to test theory. For example, using parametric tests for profit maximization requires estimating second-order curvature parameters to ascertain whether parameters exhibit certain properties. It may be difficult to determine second-order substitution effects using related price data, which in practice are often highly collinear. As technical demands placed on data for testing underlying theory increase, conflicts between theory and empirical evidence should also be expected to rise.


Prevalence of a potent banking sector is considered to be the prerequisite of a strong foundation of a country. That's the reason why banking sector is called the backbone of an economy. The most important function and the biggest asset of the banks are the loans sanctioned by them upon which they earn interest to bear all expenses and earn profit. But in today's scenario, banks of many countries like India suffer from the growing volume of Non-Performing Assets that has created an intense havoc like situation. Non-Performing Assets normally include all such loans on which the borrowers are unable to repay the principal and even the interest within 90 days of the expiration of due date. Today the Non-Performing Assets accounts to 10% of the total loans granted by the banks, which in itself is a huge sum. The worsening situation of Non-Performing Assets have come to light in past few years when the Assets Quality Review (AQR) proposed by the former Reserve Bank of India Governor Raghuram G. Rajan was introduced. The growing Non-Performing Assets not only negatively impact the liquidity and profitability of the banks but also increases the chance of occurrence of certain risks like credit contraction. Earlier several committees on Non-Performing Assets had given their recommendations which were implemented too, but have become irrelevant and ineffective today. The paper has used the mix of primary and secondary data sources for the purpose of finding out the causes of the problems such as-loopholes in the banking system, absence of specific regulatory action plans and unnecessary direct interference of Govt. in the functioning of banks. Proper and timely impetus to the banking sector could easily tackle the worsening situation of banks. But going by the saying that it's never too late, the paper also insinuate some steps that should be undertaken to prevent the threatsome situation in the banking sector.


The effect of slurry leaves Urtica dioica L. "nettle" on the growth of Raphanus sativus L. "radish" in laboratory conditions was determined. The slurry was obtained from the fermentation of nettle leaves and was applied to radish plants under a completely randomized design with four treatments (0%, 20%, 50% and 100%) and three replicates. The treatment was evaluated using the following parameters: number of leaves, length of leaves and roots (cm), diameter of roots (cm), fresh and dry weight (g) in leaves and roots, after 45 days of sowing. It was observed that the nettle slurry showed positive effect on parameters: growth (to 23.6 cm blade length, root 4.63 cm, having five leaves per plant, root diameter of 1.91 cm, fresh weight of leaves 9.75 g, in root 1.96gy root dry weight 1.2 g leaves 0.45g) in the treatment of 50%. Treatment showed 100% negative effect on the length of sheet being 18.6 cm and 3.7 cm root in the root diameter of 1.42 cm, thus having 4 leaves per plant, 6.82 g leaf fresh weight, root dry weight of leaves 1.22gy 0.75 g and 0.23 g in root.


Several culture media including solid substrate,semisolid substrate,liquid substrate and liquid substrate of filter paper arch bridge were chosen to cultivate Dendrobium nobile Lindl seeds as a comparison trial for sprouting.The final outcome as illustrated in this article was obtained that the seed cultivated on the liquid substrate of filter paper arch bridge germinated more than 90%,in other words,its sprouting ratio was the highest.In order to make test-tube plantlets stronger,authors cultivated them on two sorts of substrates,one adding the distill-juice of bryophyta,another without anything.The experiments showed that plantlet cultivated on substrate with distill-juice of bryophyta increased 0.054g per day;on another plantlet increased 0.082g per day.From the trial,it was demonstratd that the latter increased 51.85% than the former.That weans Dendrobium nobile Lindl can lives well without the distill-juice of bryophyta.In addition,authors measured the rate of photosynthesis of Dendrobium nobile Lindl,and found that its first function-leaf had the highest rate of photosynthesis,other function-leaves decreased in file.The average rate of photosynthesis of all function-leaves was 2.60μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1).


This paper addresses the potential role of desalting reclaimed, brackish, and sea waters for use in meeting California's water needs. Brief descriptions of sources and costs are included.


Selective, active, and robust catalysts are necessary for the efficient utilization of new feedstocks. Face-selective catalysts can precisely modify catalytic properties, but are often unstable under reaction conditions, changing shape and losing selectivity. Herein we report a method for synthesizing stable heterogeneous catalysts in which the morphology and selectivity can be tuned precisely and predictably. Using nanocrystal supports, we epitaxially stabilize specific active phase morphologies. This exposes active sites of different coordination with correspondingly different catalytic properties.


In the present paper, we prove vanishing theorems for the null space of the Lichnerowicz Laplacian acting on symmetric two tensors on complete and closed Riemannian manifolds and further estimate its lowest eigenvalue on closed Riemannian manifolds. In addition, we give an application of the obtained results to the theory of infinitesimal Einstein deformations.


Existing image completion methods are mostly based on missing regions that are small or located in the middle of the images. When regions to be completed are large or near the edge of the images, due to the lack of context information, the completion results tend to be blurred or distorted, and there will be a large blank area in the final results. In addition, the unstable training of the generative adversarial network is also prone to cause pseudo-color in the completion results. Aiming at the two above-mentioned problems, a method of image completion with large or edge-missing areas is proposed; also, the network structures have been improved. On the one hand, it overcomes the problem of lacking context information, which thereby ensures the reality of generated texture details; on the other hand, it suppresses the generation of pseudo-color, which guarantees the consistency of the whole image both in vision and content. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better completion results in completing large or edge-missing areas.


Kinematic redundancy is a characteristic and beneficial property in collaborative robots nowadays as it enhances the flexibility and dexterity of the system. While the robot is manipulating an object, it is often necessary to kinematically reconfigure the robot, for example, when it obstructs the human. For this, internal or so-called null space motions can be carried out which do not affect the main task. In general, it is desirable that the human coworker can anticipate how the robot will move at any time. However, for null space motions this is typically not the case as they are non-intuitive and not suitable for interaction. In this work, we develop intuitive null space interaction behaviors for redundant manipulators, where the human can easily guide the robot. We want to provide users with a tool, that is straightforward to implement and solves real-world problems effectively. Two practical applications for an eight- and ten-DOF robot demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.


It's important to predict the processes of water circle and pattern of water resource change under the global change and human activity.In this paper the upper reaches of the Heihe watershed was selected as the study area,The model of IHACRES was applied to simulate the rainfall-runoff processes.The results showed that IHACRES model simulated the daily streamflow well;In the calibration and validation period,the value of D was 0.766 and 0.71;the value of Base Flow Index(BFI) was determined to be 0.539;The simulated daily flow indicated that the Heihe river discharged about 1.49 billion m 3 of water from the upper reaches to the middle reaches,with the surface runoff and baseflow contributing 46.1% and 53.9% respectively.Meanwhile,the simulated result shows that some factors like catchment area and snow had effects on the performance of IHACRES model,they made simulation accuracy reduced.At last,it indicated that IHACRES model is applicable to areas where observed data is limited.


This paper presents three computational methods which extend to nonlinearly constrained minimization problems the efficient convergence properties of, respectively, the method of steepest descent, the variable metric method, and Newton's method for unconstrained minimization. Development of the algorithms is based on use of the implicit function theorem to essentially convert the original constrained problem to an unconstrained one. This approach leads to practical and efficient algorithms in the framework of Abadie's generalized reduced gradient method. To achieve efficiency, it is shown that it is necessary to construct a sequence of approximations to the Lagrange multipliers of the problem simultaneously with the approximations to the solution itself. In particular, the step size of each iteration must be determined by a linesearch for a minimum of an approximate Lagrangian function.


Infection may occur in any tissue of the eye, orbit, and adnexa. Infection may spread directly through contact and indirectly through blood vessels (especially valveness veins) and nerves. A proper treatment for ocular infections is imperative because it dictates the prognosis. Ocular infections may share identical clinical finding and be caused by different etiologic agents. To obtain the best outcome, a systematic approach for ocular infections is essential. This chapter describes the characteristic clinical features and manifestations of some common ocular infections and the differentiation between them and inflammations and other diseases even without using new imaging modalities such as confocal electron microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and laboratory tests including polymeraze chain reaction.


This is a guide to starting research in comparative literature. These sources provide background information on authors, theories, texts, genres, trends in scholarship, and literary movements.