The proper composition of independently developed components of an embedded realtime system is complicated due to the fact that besides the functional behavior also the non-functional properties and in particular the timing have to be compatible. Nowadays related compatibility problems have to be addressed in a cumbersome integration and configuration phase at the end of the development process, that in the worst case may fail. Therefore, a number of formal approaches have been developed, which try to guide the upfront decomposition of the embedded real-time system into components such that integration problems related to timing properties can be excluded and that suitable configurations can be found. However, the proposed solutions require a number of strong assumptions that can be hardly fulfilled or the required analysis does not scale well. In this paper an approach based on timed automata is represented that can provide the required guarantees for the later integration without strong assumptions, which are difficult to match in practice. The approach provides a modular reasoning scheme that permits to establish the required guarantees for the integration employing only local checks and therefore scales. It is also possible to determine potential configuration settings by means of timed game synthesis.


There is a mutual relation between MICE and industry.MICE is based on its industry,which then promotes its industry.This paper analyses not only the mutual relation between Hunan MICE and industry,but also the problems on the mutual relation,then discusses the development of Hunan MICE based on the mutual relation between MICE and industry.


ABSTRACT Let V be a valuation domain and V[[X]] be the power series ring over V. In this paper, we show that if V[[X]] is a locally finite intersection of valuation domains, then V is an SFT domain and hence a discrete valuation domain. As a consequence, it is shown that the power series ring V[[X]] is a Krull domain if and only if V[[X]] is a generalized Krull domain if and only if V[[X]] is an integral domain of Krull type (or equivalently, a PvMD of finite t-character) if and only if V is a discrete valuation domain with Krull dimension at most one.


For high-speed railway construction in seasonally frozen soil regions,a critical technical problem is subgrade frost heaving. The frost heaving mechanisms and characteristics of subgrade padding have been researched a lot at home and abroad,but the problem of permeability of the subgrade padding has seldom been involved. In this paper,the influence of fine particle content on the subgrade padding water content and frost heaving radio were studied through laboratory experiment,and the permeability of subgrade padding was also studied,then the water diversion features and anti-frost performance of frost protection padding layer were verified by monitoring the subgrade frost heaving in the Harbin-Qiqihar High-Speed Railway. The results show that the antifreeze technical route with padding is feasible by controlling design parameters rationally,such as controlling padding component,gradation and fine particle content. Under the condition of controlling the quality of construction strictly,subgrade padding material can meet the frost protection requirements of high-speed railway subgrade.


Structural vibration problems causes a major hazard and design limitations for a very wide range of engineering products. The Aim of this project is to analytically extract the natural frequencies of cooling tower fan blades of different sizes. So that, Designer can ensure that natural frequencies will not be close to the frequency of the main excitation forces in order to avoid resonance. The Rayleigh method is applied to find fundamental frequency of blades by considering blade as a Stepped, Taper, Non-uniform cantilever beam.  Three dimensional models of blades have been developed in Unigraphics NX 5 and modal analysis is carried out by ANSYS 14.5.  Also, an experimental study carried out for FRP composite blades. Concurrence between ANSYS results and Experimental results has been found for the frequency range of interest. This ensures that an effective method to compute natural frequency of composite blades of different sizes is developed.


Recent experience in several centers has demonstrated the feasibility, clinical efficacy, and low complication rate of percutaneous gallbladder interventions.' Because of its superficial location, the gallbladder is easily localized by real-time ultrasonography for subsequent fluoroscopic or ultrasound-guided catheter puncture and drainage. Surgical cholecystostomy has long been accepted as a compromise procedure in elderly or high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis.7 However, the high perioperative mortality rate (6% to 20%) and the high morbidity rate have significantly limited the role of surgical cholecystostomy.8'9 In the last 5 years, percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) has proved to be a viable substitute for surgery. Well over 300 cases have now been reported in the literature with an overall significant complication rate of less than 3%1-6 Like surgical cholecystostomy, PC has been found useful in temporizing prior to cholecystectomy in elderly and very ill patients."°'2 PC has also been definitive in the treatment of acalculous cholecystitis.'3 In addition, PC has utility in diagnostic cholangiography and decompression of the obstructed biliary tree in place of or as a back-up to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage."4'6


In this paper,a model called "Weight Regression and Forecasting among Econometrics" was applied to evaluate the relationship between the number of recalled China's consumer products exported to EU,USA and Canada during 2005.1 ~ 2012.7 and the number of global TBT announced.Results show that non-linear quantity mechanism between TBT and number of recalls exists,and R-squared is 0.9825.In this model,the amount of monthly global consumer products recall showed positive correlation with an increase of 26.8%.Also,the amount of monthly global consumer products recall showed positive correlation with the amount of global announced TBT in the same and the next month,with an increase of about 79.6%.Our research indicates an anticipation of consumer products recall that will continue to increase,with inertia effect.Although,the TBT has kind of lagged effect on recall amounts,the anticipation of China's consumer products recall will not be reduced to a certain extent.


This work addresses a novel technique to solve electro-magnetic field problems based on Hermite finite-element interpolations in both two- and three-dimensional space. Method's basic feature is the use as degrees of freedom of electric field's normal derivative mean values across the edges or the faces of a mesh consisting of N-simplices, in addition to the field's mean value in the mesh elements. Second-order convergence in the mean-square sense holds for the electric field, while the magnetic field is at least first-order convergent in the same sense. Numerical results in two dimensions suggest that second-order convergence in the mean-square sense can also be expected of the magnetic field.This work addresses a novel technique to solve electro-magnetic field problems based on Hermite finite-element interpolations in both two- and three-dimensional space. Method's basic feature is the use as degrees of freedom of electric field's normal derivative mean values across the edges or the faces of a mesh consisting of N-simplices, in addition to the field's mean value in the mesh elements. Second-order convergence in the mean-square sense holds for the electric field, while the magnetic field is at least first-order convergent in the same sense. Numerical results in two dimensions suggest that second-order convergence in the mean-square sense can also be expected of the magnetic field.


Nowadays pollution from ships in ports/terminals of the Caspian Sea has a significant impact on surrounding nature and health. And the Kazakh oil company "Tengizchevroil" is about to realize a new big business project in terms of water area, which might lead to increased pollution. So, this research specifically concentrates on the reduction of environmental pollution problems at the new Terminal of Cargo Offloading Facility and Cargo Transportation Route of the North Caspian Sea. In order to reach this motive, the authors analyze IMO's International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution and its initial strategy on reduction of GHG emissions from ships. In addition, efficiency of shore power supply, which is often used by developed countries for better environmental conditions for the port area, is also examined. Overall, the authors outline six proposals as to the best course of action, which needs to be implemented at the new Tengizchevroil terminal. The items such as calculation of damage and calculation of prices of pollution prevention measures will not be included in the research.


41 out-patients, treated for 21-hydroxylase deficiency with oral cortisol (15 mg-30 mg/m2), were studied at regular intervals. Among them were 24 salt-losers, who, in addition to cortisol,received 9 α-flurocortisol (20 μg-100 μg), and 17 non salt-losers. In the 1st group, plasma ACTH, 170HP aldosterone and renin activity were (geometric mean) : 99.8 pg/ml, 28.8 ng/ml, 14.6 pg/ml and 8.4 ng/ml/h respectively. In the 2nd group, these values were 69 pg/ml, 57.9 ng/ml, 33.5 pg/ml and 2.3 ng/ml/h. There was no difference in ACTH mean levels, while 170HP was significantly lower in the first group (p < 0.05). However, when choosing from the two groups the patients with similar 170HP values, ACTH was found to be higher in the salt-losers, 126.9 pg/ml against 67 pg/ml in the non salt-losers (p < 0.02). These data suggest an inhibiting effect of angiotensin II (A II), at high concentrations, on the pattern of glucocorticoid synthesis, as has already been reported in man. Furthermore, we have noted that in isolated guinea pig adrenal cells, the cortisol output provoked by ACTH stimulation is decreased by the addition of A II.


The utility model relates to a relative straddle toilet stool wheelchair, which belongs to medical devices, and comprises a cross support rod, a leakage-out area, a pedal and an upper warped pedal, and is characterized in that the cross support rod arranged below a wheelchair seat cushion backwardly moves behind the leakage-out area to form a unobstructed space for holding a toilet stool, and the inner side end of the pedal prolongs and is downwardly bent in 70 degrees to form the upper warped pedal. Compared with the prior art, the relative straddle toilet stool wheelchair can forward in direct vision, and is easy to straddle on a position above the toilet stool. A wheelchair back can keep out and protect privacy. Double feet of users are placed on the upper warped pedal in a high position, thereby being convenient to exert and empty. Simultaneously, the relative straddle toilet stool wheelchair further has the advantages of simple structure, convenient using and easy to manufacture and the like. Therefore, the relative straddle toilet stool wheelchair has excellent promotion and using value.


For long periods of time, mathematics researchers struggled in obtaining the appropriate starting point when implementing root finding methods, and one of the most famous and applicable is Newton's method. This iterative method produces sequence that converges to a desired solution with the assumption that the starting point is close enough to a solution. The word "close enough" indicates that we actually do not have any idea how close the initial point needed so that this point can bring into a convergent iteration. This paper comes to answer that question through analyzing the relationship between inflection points of one-dimensional non-linear function with the convergence of Newton's method. Our purpose is to illustrate that the neighborhood of an inflection point of a function never fails to bring the Newton's method convergent to a desired solution


Thermal tolerance can depend critically on environmental context (e.g., resource availability and biotic interactions), yet it is often measured only under idealized conditions. Here, we investigated how the concentration of phosphate (a limiting resource for algal growth in freshwater ecosystems) influences the thermal optimum for growth rate in five species of freshwater phytoplankton. We found that low‐phosphate concentrations led to a sharp decline in species' thermal optima, by up to 15°C relative to replete conditions, with the magnitude of the decline varying between species. Rapid global environmental change is expected to lead to rising temperatures, while nutrient concentrations in freshwaters are forecast to increase in waterbodies subject to eutrophication and decline in large lentic systems that become warmer and more stratified. Our findings suggest that phytoplankton that experience warming and nutrient limitation concurrently will be more vulnerable to environmental change.


In this paper, based on the new separation principle, we propose a synthesis method to the output tracking control for a kind of uncertain networked systems which are composed of some heteromorphic subsystems. Facing the complex structure and the possible disturbances which are from the interconnected terms among nodes or external, we design, for each node, the integral feedback with variable gain so that it can remove or eliminate the interconnected parts and disturbances. In such a way, we turn the problem of networked output tracking control into that of decentralized control. Then we need only to consider the control for each of the subsystems respectively, and we can use the proper error feedback control without concerning the influence of interconnected terms and disturbance. Therefore, with little restrictions to the structure of networked systems and using simple control method, we can get satisfactory output tracking results even for tracking some non-smooth signals. The theoretical analysis and simulation results are shown to indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The paper starts by summarizing the factors that seem most likely to have contributed to the success of Canadian banks. It then considers the local and transnational contexts in turn. The concluding section draws out the lessons these offer for other countries, especially in the developing world.


NSIs are using frameworks to organise and set up their official statistical production, e.g. for more than one decade the GSBPM ("Generic Statistical Business Process Model"). As a sequential approach of statistical production, GSBPM has become a well-established standard using deductive reasoning as analytics' paradigm. For example, the first GSBPM steps are entirely focused on deductive reasoning based on primary data collection and are not suited for inductive reasoning applied to (already existing) secondary data (e.g. big data resulting, for example, from smart ecosystems). Taken into account the apparent potential of big data in the official statistical production, the GSBPM process needs to adapted to incorporate both complementary approaches of analytics (i.e. inductive and deductive reasoning) and, for example, through the usage of, for example, data-informed continuous evaluation at any GSBPM step. This paper discusses the limitations of GSBPM with respect to the usage of big data (using inductive reasoning as analytics' paradigm), and also with respect to "trusted smart statistics". The authors give insights on how to augment and empower current statistical production processes by analytics and also by (trusted) smart statistics. In addition, it will also address which cultural changes (e.g. skills, organisational structure and agility) should be addressed by the senior management of NSIs to embrace this major paradigm shift.


The article discusses the problematic issues of calculating the cycles and cycles of traffic light regulation, in terms of individual lanes allocated for the movement of urban passenger transport. A methodology for studying the intensity of passenger transport traffic and the coefficients of their ghosting to passenger transport is proposed. Proposals have been developed to improve the existing methodology for calculating the cycles and cycles of traffic light regulation, through the use of phase coefficients for individual lanes intended for passenger transport.


Documents that comply with the XML standard are characterised by inherent ordering and their modelling usually takes the form of a tree. Nowadays, applications generate massive amounts of XML data, which requires accurate and efficient query-able XML database systems. XML querying depends on XML labelling in much the same way as relational databases rely on indexes. Document order and structural information are encoded by labelling schemes, thus facilitating their use by queries without having to access the original XML document. Dynamic XML data, data which changes, complicates the labelling scheme. As demonstrated by much research efforts, it is difficult to allocate unique labels to nodes in a dynamic XML tree so that all structural relationships between the nodes are encoded by the labels.

Static XML documents are generally managed with labelling schemes that use simple labels. By contrast, dynamic labelling schemes have extra labelling costs and lower query performance to allow random updates irrespective of the document update frequency. Given that static and dynamic XML documents are often not clearly distinguished, a labelling scheme whose efficiency does not depend on updating frequency would be useful.

The GroupBased labelling scheme proposed in this thesis is compatible with static as well as dynamic XML documents. In particular, this scheme has a high performance in processing dynamic XML data updates. What differentiates it from other dynamic labelling schemes is its uniform behaviour irrespective of whether the document is static or dynamic, ability to determine all structural relationships between nodes, and the improved query performance in both types of document. The advantages of the GroupBased scheme in comparison to earlier schemes are highlighted by the experiment results.


In recent years, flash droughts with a rapid onset and strong intensity have attracted extensive attention due to their impact on agriculture and ecosystems. However, there is still no feasible method for flash drought forecasting and early warning. This paper employs the thresholds of several meteorological variables to identify flash droughts in Zhejiang Province, China, and build a probabilistic flash drought forecasting model through numeric weather forecast (NWF) and the generalized Bayesian model (GBM). The results show that the northern part of Zhejiang Province has the highest risk of flash drought. The NWF is a viable method to provide future information for flash drought forecasting and early warning, but its forecasting accuracy tends to decline with the increase in the lead time and is very limited when the lead time is over 5 days, especially for the precipitation forecast. Due to the low performance of the NWF, the flash drought forecast based on the raw NWF may be unreliable when the lead time is over 5 days. To solve this problem, probabilistic forecasting based on GBM is employed to quantify the uncertainty in the NWF and is tested through an example analysis. In the example analysis, it was found that the probability of a flash drought exceeds 30% from the probabilistic forecasting when the lead time is 12 days, while the deterministic forecasting via the raw NWF cannot identify a flash drought when the lead time is over 5 days. In conclusion, probabilistic forecasting can identify a potential flash drought earlier and can be used to evaluate the risk of a flash drought, which is conducive for the early warning of flash droughts and the development of response measures.


This chapter covers information about the design and interpretation of interventional cardiology and focuses on why evidence-based medicine is important to clinicians. The shift to evidence-based medicine means that clinicians will need to be aware of how to interpret the information they have collected from the patient. Each method of data collection and presentation has its own strengths and weaknesses. Also in this chapter is a variety of case studies to help determine when best to apply a certain method.


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Employees inherently have concerns about the consequences of speaking up, and this is particularly notable for employees with high power distance orientation (PDO). Drawing on ideas from the dual-pathway model of mood and social information processing theory, we propose that activated negative mood and group voice climate can synergistically facilitate high-PDO employees' voice behaviors. Using a sample from 305 real-estate sales agents in 66 work groups in Taiwan, we examined the joint moderating effects of activated negative mood and group voice climate on employees' two forms of voice behavior. Our results show that PDO had a negative relationship with promotive voice but did not have a significant relationship with prohibitive voice. Nevertheless, our results show that in the situation where both activated negative mood and group voice climate were high, PDO no longer had a negative relationship with promotive voice, and even had a positive relationship with prohibitive voice. The findings of this study provide theoretical insights for the voice literature and offer practical suggestions for facilitating opinion expression in organisations.


Aiming at the shrinkage and dispersed shrinkage defects of lost foam casting ductile iron shell, the pouring temperature, vacuum degree, pouring system and riser were improved, and the production process was optimized. The simulation results show that the liquid metal filling is smooth, feeding efficiency is better, and the gating system is beneficial to exhaust and discharge by improving pouring system. The production practice shows that the quality of the castings can meet the production requirements.


The results of the 9-year IMPROVE-IT trial are in, and the combo performed better than statin mono therapy in key measures.


The magnetic properties of polycrystalline samples of Ba3Cu3In4O12 (In-334) and Ba3Cu3Sc4O12 (Sc-334) are reported. Both 334 phases have a structure derived from perovskite, with CuO4 squares interconnected to form half-twist ladders along the c-axis. The Cu–O–Cu angles, ∼90°, and the positive Weiss temperatures indicate the presence of significant ferromagnetic (FM) interactions along the Cu ladders. At low temperatures, T < 20 K, sharp transitions in the magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements indicate three-dimensional (3D) antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at TN. TN is suppressed on application of a field and a complex magnetic phase diagram with three distinct magnetic regimes below the upper critical field can be inferred from our measurements. The magnetic interactions are discussed in relation to a modified spin-1/2 FM–AFM model and the 334 half-twist ladder is compared to other two-rung ladder spin-1/2 systems.


Capital ages and must eventually be replaced. We propose a theory of financing in which firms finance new capital with debt and optimally deleverage to free up debt capacity as their capital ages, thereby generating debt cycles. Concurrently, firms shorten the maturity of their debt to match the remaining life of their capital, generating maturity cycles. These firm-level financing cycles drive aggregate leverage and maturity dynamics when capital age is correlated across firms. We provide time series and cross-sectional evidence that strongly supports these independent predictions and highlights the key roles of capital age and asset life in financing cycles. and 4), and average debt maturity 5 and 6). The results document a positive and significant relationship between the average debt maturity and the average useful life. This relationship is also similar in magnitude as the relationship between useful life and debt cycle lengths. A one-year increase in average useful life is associated with a roughly one- to two-month increase in average debt maturity, depending on the specification. The results are consistent with Prediction 5 that firms with


Children with Intellectual Disability (ID) demonstrate lower balance ability which results in substantial delays in motor growth and limits their function level.Psychomotor education comprises a holistic movement approach, with aim to improve all aspects of each child personality. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a psychomotor education program on static balance of school aged children with intellectual disability (ID). Twenty children with ID, 8-12 years old participated in the study. They were assigned to two groups, one experiment and one control. The experiment group attended a 16 week psychomotor education program at a frequency of 2 lessons per week, for 45 minutes. All the children participate in the above measurements: 1) recording of anthropometric characteristics, 2) assessment of motor developmental index and 3) measurement of static balance. The static balance ability was measured by means of an electronic pressure platform. Participants were request to maintain their balance under 4 different conditions: double-leg stance with eyes opened or closed, while they object a visual or visual-auditory target. Participants of the intervention group reduced the values of static balance variables for all the positions. In conclusion, findings of this study clearly indicate that psychomotor education program has an important contribution to make for the most benefit of children with ID in terms of static balance.


It was discussed the Koszul-like property of finitely generated modules over a Noetherian semiperfect algebra.Motivated by the minimal graded projective resolution of a Koszul-like module,quasi-Koszul-like module was introduced.The Ext module of a quasi-Koszul-like module was studied in detail,which generalized some properties of Koszul-like modules to quasi-Koszul-like modules.


The formal equivalence between the wave equations of two‐particle relativistic quantum mechanics, based on the manifestly covariant Hamiltonian formalism with constraints, and the Bethe–Salpeter equation are shown. This is achieved by algebraically transforming the latter so as to separate it into two independent equations that match the equations of Hamiltonian relativistic quantum mechanics. The first equation determines the relative time evolution of the system, while the second one yields a three‐dimensional eigenvalue equation. A connection is thus established between the Bethe–Salpeter wave function and its kernel on the one hand and the quantum mechanical wave function and interaction potential on the other. For the sector of solutions of the Bethe–Salpeter equation having nonrelativistic limits, this relationship can be evaluated in perturbation theory. A generalized form of the instantaneous approximation that simplifies the various expressions involved in the above relations is also devised. It ...


A combinatorial design is a family of sets that are almost disjoint, which is applied in pseudo random number generations and randomness extractions. The parameter, $\rho$, quantifying the overlap between the sets within the family, is directly related to the length of a random seed needed and the efficiency of an extractor. Nisan and Wigderson proposed an explicit construction of designs in 1994. Later in 2003, Hartman and Raz proved a bound of $\rho\le e^2$ for the Nisan-Wigderson construction in a limited parameter regime. In this work, we prove a tighter bound of $\rho<e$ with the entire parameter range by slightly refining the Nisan-Wigderson construction. Following the block idea used by Raz, Reingold, and Vadhan, we present an explicit weak design with $\rho=1$.


Experimental and theoretical studies of a cyclotron autoresonance maser (CARM) amplifier are reported. The measurements are carried out at a frequency of 35 GHz using a mildly relativistic electron beam (1.5 MeV, 130 A, 30 nsec) generated by a field emission electron gun followed by an emittance selector that removes the outer, hot electrons. Perpendicular energy is imparted to the electrons by means of a short bifilar helical wiggler. The entire system is immersed in a uniform axial magnetic field of 6–8 kG. With an input power of 17 kW at 35 GHz from a magnetron driver, the saturated power output is 12 MW in the lowest TE11 mode of a circular waveguide, corresponding to an electronic efficiency of 6.3%. The accompanying linear growth rate is 50 dB/m. When the system operates in the superradiant mode (in the absence of the magnetron driver) excitation of multiple waveguide modes is observed. A three‐dimensional simulation code that has been developed to investigate the self‐consistent interaction of the ...


This work in progress paper describes a mixed methods study designed to investigate transfer student pathways as a means to increase engineering degree production and broaden participation in engineering careers. The study explores the framework of transfer student capital and its relevance for engineering transfer students. In this paper, we provide an overview of a survey instrument developed to collect data from more than 6,000 students who successfully transferred to one of four 4-year institutions in Texas as new engineering students between 2007 and 2014. Our study expands the small body of literature on engineering transfer students and sheds light on specific policies and practices that impact transfer.


Ni-loaded nanocatalyst has been prepared by means of metal alkoxide hydrolysis.The lifetime of the catalyst for catalyzing disproportionation of gum rosin is investigated.The cause of deactivation was investigated by TEM,AAS,XRD and BET.The conditions for regeneration of the catalyst,such as calcination temperature,calcination time,calcination environment,reduction temperature are respectively studied.The activity of catalyst could be kept constant for 5 times of regeneration under the conditions of air+N2 stream during calcination at temperature 450 ℃,calcination time 2 h,reduction temperature 300 ℃.


Active microstrip patch antennas have been stabilised using cavity-backed and phase-locked-loop (PLL) controlled techniques. Experimental results show that phase noise reductions of up to 25 and 26 dB respectively can be realised.


In the p-LearNet project, we are interested in TEL systems integrating context-aware corporate learning and working activities for e-retail (shops and hypermarkets). The main issues of the p-LearNet project are: work-integrated learning and customer learning support whatever the place, the time, the organisational and technological contexts of the individual or collective learning and working processes. We propose an adaptive and context-aware model of scenario based on an interdisciplinary approach (education, computer science, social sciences, and business) for a pervasive learning system supporting working and learning situations. This model enables us to choose how to achieve activities according to the current situation. The scenario model is based on a hierarchical task model having the task/method paradigm - methods define how to achieve a task.


Structural and Solid Mechanics, Nonlinear and Dynamic Analysis, Computational Mechanics, Finite Element Methods, Numerical Methods, Variational Principles, Special interest in modelbased simulation of Coupled Fields and Multiphysics problems: elastoacoustics, aeroelasticity, aeroservoelasticity, thermomechanics and electrothermomechanics, control-structure interaction, particle methods, extreme event simulation.


The spin-down power of an isolated neutron star can drive its central density increase and overall structural changes, and trigger a quark-hadron phase transition. A series of observational signatures may be seen as a result of the phase transition, including pulsar spin-down and glitch behaviors, Soft Gamma Repeaters or Gamma-Ray Bursts.


Switzerland and climate change Switzerland has a population of 7.6 million, per capita CO2 emissions of about 7 tonnes and has already experienced a temperature increase of approximately 1.5oC since the early 20th century (i.e. much more than the global average temperature increase of 0.8oC). As an alpine country, Switzerland is particularly vulnerable to climate change and knows it. A series of extreme weather events, such as storms, heat waves and torrential rains, have caused great damage and great cost for many towns and villages in the country. Worse is to be expected. Increased precipitation or the thawing of the permafrost soils in the Alps, for example, poses increasing risks for an increase of devastating avalanches, floods or mud slides that cause not only damage to the lives and livelihoods of people but bring about structural damage to transport and communication infrastructure, buildings and winter sports installations such as cable cars and ski lifts. A policy that in a very tangible and concrete way addresses the adverse effects of climate change both at the national and international levels has therefore been widely accepted in Switzerland. Climate policy in Switzerland is incorporated into a number of sectoral policies, such as energy, transport and agriculture policies. The most important ones are the National Energy Act (in force since 1998) and the CO2 Act of 2000. The Kyoto Protocol was ratified in 2003. Under the Kyoto Protocol, Switzerland is to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 8% by the end of 2012 compared to 1990 emission levels. The Future of Combating Climate Change: How to Share the Burden Among Countries?


On a farm infectious diseases may occur by introducing infected animals, introduction of cattle in the incubation period, carcasses of animals that were not removed properly, vehicles, equipment, clothing and shoes of visitors or employees who have contact with other herds, more often contact with the herd, contact with other animals (horses, dogs, cats, wildlife, rodents, birds, insects), but also by contaminated objects, contaminated food, and improper management of manure when it comes to the creation of dust and scattering (Hristov, 2007). To prevent introduction of infection to the farm or farms in the environment, we use primary and secondary Biosafety measures. The most effective implementation of biosecurity measures on farms provides a development plan for that farm biosecurity. We have developed the biosecurity plan based on detailed observation and analysis of the relevance of indicators and on biosecurity which includes: 1. Making and submitting a written plan for achieving and maintaining biosecurity on farm production based on keeping proper records; 2. Isolation of he farm as a whole or individual segments of manufacturing and production operations; 3. Introduction of newly acquired animals in a herd; 4. Health of the herd; 5. Evaluations of the personnel and the equipment; 6. Traffic and movement control; 7. Attitude towards visitors; 8. Control of food and water; 9. Manure; 10. Disposal of carcasses of dead animals; 11. Relationship to other animals on the farm; 12. Population control of rodents and birds; 13. Sanitation (Stankovic et al,, 2010).


In this paper, Classical Lorenz Equations are simulated using MATLAB/Simulink, by getting the graphical outputs performances of the equations are studied. The butterfly effect was seen in the expected output graphs. Classical Lorenz Equations were linearization and then Jacobian matrix was obtained by MATLAB software in embedded system and eigenvalues calculated. The numereous eigenvalues poles were seen an the rigth axis side of the complex plane. These poles are causes the unstable behaviors.


Based upon the teaching-oriented principles,our department has taken measures to reinforce the instructional management with a view to cultivating the qualified biological talents for middle schools.The measures are as follows: (1)Furthering social investigation and adjusting the goals to cultivate talents; (2)Adjusting major structure and enhancing discipline construction; (3)Adjusting course system and reforming the teaching content; (4)Reforming the teaching approaches and fostering the students' interests; (5)Supervising the teaching processes and evaluating the teaching quality.


The present invention relates in part to a print method for an arbitrary grey scale image on a transparent substrate such as glass. The present invention makes use of a printer that can print in continuous grey tones. The printed material should be transparent and resistant to the light which passes through it in a projection system. The present invention also provides a continuous grey scale filter made by a printing techniques using liquid inks or toners. Such a continuous grey scale filter can be used for blending multiple images in a multichannel projector system. The present invention also provides a multichannel projector system using the continuous grey scale filter.


In each mapping activity, especially in the measurement of control points, azimuth measurement can not be abandoned. Calculating the azimuth of the sun observational data requires declination value and correction of semi diameter of the sun at the time of observation. Because provision of solar declination tables are difficult to obtain and there are a several steps in the matter of the azimuth of the sun which makes the calculation process becomes slow, it needs an application program created specifically to calculate the solar declination tables and calculate the value of the azimuth of the sun. So the calculation process can be done automatically by the application program.
Programming in this project is made by using the software Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 that can accelerate calculations and present the results of calculations to be more interactive. Testing this program is carried out by comparing the results of the calculation program created in this project with the results calculated in Accurate Time software.
This project is designed to develop a program that can be used to calculate the value of the azimuth of the sun and solar declination value. The declination tables are presented in Microsoft Word Document format. From calculations test results are obtained differences which are caused of the difference in calculation algoritm and number integration. However the difference is not more than 5� in declination value. So it could be said the results counted in the created program application, approach the correct result of a calculation.


In these pieces taken from the first 10 years of Stone's Weekly, he chronicles an era of political suppression, apathy, cold war and the arms race. Looking back, we see how America has changed and how deep are the roots of problems still confronting it today.


We report the simulation, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a single-layer broadband, polarization-insensitive and wide-angle near perfect metamaterial absorber (MA) in the microwave regime. The topology of the resonators is chosen in such a way that is capable of supporting simultaneously multiple plasmon resonances at adjacent frequencies, which lead to a broadband operation of the MA. Absorption larger than 80% at normal incidence covering a broad frequency range (between 7.4 GHz and 10.4 GHz) is demonstrated experimentally and through numerical simulations. Furthermore, the performance of the metamaterial absorber is kept constant up to an incident angle of 30°, for both TE and TM-polarizations. In addition, a hybrid model of the MA is proposed and implemented numerically in order to dynamically tune the absorption window. The hybrid MA is controlled by incorporating vanadium dioxide (VO2) temperature-driven metal-insulator phase transition material, which enables the transition from b...


Differential cross sections for the reaction e/sup -/+/sup 12/C..--> nu../sub e/+/sup 12/B are obtained for the outgoing nucleus for incoming electron energies of 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 GeV near the maximal angle. A kinematic singularity at the maximal angle is investigated and eliminated by the use of a wave packet.


Phenylindanedione is an anticoagulant similar in action to the coumarin series of compounds. Like dicumarol, it is effective orally, acts by lowering blood prothrombin content, and its administration is controlled by daily blood prothrombin determinations. A study of the effective dosage, rapidity of action, cumulative effect and hemorrhagic complications produced by this drug shows that it is a practical anticoagulant for clinical use and has certain advantages over dicumarol.


f you're one of the growing members of social networking site Facebook and would like to keep in touch with the council, find out about news, events and planning applications and much, much more then why not check out our brand new Facebook Page.


The influence of γ-irradiation on the melting and two solid-solid transitions, occurring near 19° and 30°C, of polytetrafluorethylene was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. A continuous depression of all three transition temperatures, with increasing dose was observed in a first scan of highly crystalline samples at a heating rate of 20°C/min. Additional information was obtained about the accompanying heats of transition. Values for the number of CF2 units excluded from the crystal lattice per 100 eV energy deposition were calculated by using an equation for the depression of the melting point by chemical impurities. The value obtained of G(–units) = 3.3 ± 0.3 is in agreement with a value of G(chemically damaged units) = 3.0 ± 0.1 previously reported on the basis of scavenging techniques. It is concluded that chemical radiation-induced damage in this polymer may be estimated by reference to changes in the melting temperature. A value of G(–units) = 1.6 ± 0.2 was obtained by reference to the 19°C transition.


The population densities of rotational levels of hydroxyl radicals (OH) were measured by the hook method on the premixed CH4-O2-N2 flames with O2/N2=11/16. The rotational temperatures were estimated to be 2450, 2500 and 2600 K at 5 mm above the reaction zone for the equivalence ratios of 0.67, 0.80 and 0.95, respectively. The corresponding concentrations of OH, 2.0, 1,8 and 1.4×10-2 mole fractions are exactly equal to the equilibrium values calculated at the above rotational temperatures. The distribution of the OH density in the post reaction zone was also measured and the result is compared with a chemical kinetic calculation.


This study aims to determine client's attitude explanatory factors for the selection of an Islamic bank at Jordan. Mainly, the study identifies factors shaping client's attitude toward Islamic banks that are considered in clients' decision choices related to different behavioral theories. Data were randomly collected from Islamic banks clients in Jordan. A questionnaire was developed, distributed, and analyzed via the model of t-test on 138 clients. The results show that clients consider several factors in their choices between religious and non-religious. Essentially, religious factors are principles, absence of interest, religious edict or justification, profit-sharing, and Islamic price basis of banking services. The non-religious related factors were sufficient branches, caring and comfortable, appearance and internal decoration design, fast services, response to their clients' needs, sufficient number of staff, giving clients the top priorities, clients' needs to include disclosing information as a part of accounting system adequacy. Adequate attention is needed to every client, competitive service prices, and the influence of friends and family. The study concludes that it is not possible to say that religious factors are enough, but the interest-free banking greatly represents the non-religious or the economic factors, and the profit-sharing principle is important; Policymakers must consider this to buildup a positive attitude toward Islamic banks. The findings recommend that religious and non-religious values significantly influence clients' intentions and choices. It suggests that religious ethics is the most important factor, and the availability of information systems disclosing clients' needs.


Nurses must shake off their fear of disputing decisions by senior colleagues they do not agree with, RCN general secretary Beverly Malone has said. She told a meeting of nurses involved with the RCN's clinical leadership programme that they should be bold and confident.


In order to identify the rapeseed resistance to S.sclerotium fast and accurately and to provide a kind of reliable technique to screen resistant species, we have developed a new method, the aceptic seedlings in our studies. Compared with the tradition method, the field stem inoculation, new method has several advantages over the field stem inoculation, such as the experiment conditions are easy to control, the standards are objective, and the assessing is not affected by seasons. Using the aseptic seedlings ,the disease resistance or the index of disease among the tested varieties is arranged from the highest resistance as ZhongR-888(61.7), M004(63.1), 085(76.0), Ganyou5(85.5), and 98C40(97.2)?However, when using the field stem inoculation according to the lesion area the disease resistance from the highest to lowest is as ZhangR-888 (1.62), M004(1.91), 085(4.86), Ganyou5(6.30), Brassica junces var orispifolia Bailey(18.14).


there is provided a method of adjusting, for the situation-specific an automated cruise mode in a vehicle, said interior in a first step and / or external driving performance influencing factors are detected, the factors detected are processed for evaluation and prioritized in a second step, and in a third step based on the evaluation of a dynamic threshold for the behavior of the vehicle is adjusted, and the driving behavior of the vehicle is adapted in a fourth step, that the momentum boundary is observed. Under automated vehicles, in particular, partially automated, highly automated, fully automated, understood autonomous driving and / or driverless vehicles traveling.


The Mekong River delta is the world's third largest delta, consequence of a favourable morphosedimentary setting, high sediment supply and rapid growth during the Holocene. Analysis of Landsat satellite images from 1973 to 2014 shows that nearly 70 % of the 160 km - long South China Sea shoreline of the delta has strongly eroded. This trend represents a reversal of the massive, long-term Holocene progradation that characterized this part of the delta. Erosion and land loss along the South China Sea coast are not related to lobe switching, but more likely to decreasing river sediment supply and variations in patterns of sediment storage in the delta that appear to be due to human-induced modifications. These include fluvial sediment trapping by dams, enhanced subsidence due to massive groundwater abstraction, and riverbed aggregate extractions. Shoreline erosion is further exacerbated by the replacement of protective mangroves by shrimp farms. This erosion constitutes an additional hazard to the future integrity of a mega-delta already considered particularly vulnerable to subsidence, and to future large-capacity dams.


This paper addresses the representation of Congolese people in the 1897 Congo Pavilion at the World's Fair in Brussels. The paper introduces my greater research project, an interrogation of the relationship between the Belgian Art Nouveau movement (±1890 – 191'7 and King Leopold II's Congo Free State (1885-1908). I analyze the foundation exhibition of what was to become Belgium's Royal Africa Museum. My aim is to unpack the implementation of the work of key Belgian Art Nouveau figures in an exhibition whose purpose was to promote the economic opportunities available in the Congo Free State. I will be dealing with the manner in which the work of Congolese practitioners was displayed alongside that of the Belgians, as well as instances where the Art Nouveau work attempted to make visual reference to Congolese art forms. In doing so, I would like to underscore the degree to which the Western assumptions of power inherent within the exhibition served to construct Congolese identity from an imperial perspective. My overall intention is not only to discuss the problematic racist attitudes at play in the treatment of African objects during that time, but also to investigate the complex nature of representing other cultures.


Myocardial ischemia activates innate cardioprotective mechanisms, including expression of growth factors, activation of cardiac resident stem cells and mobilization of bone marrow cells to the ischemic myocardium, which alleviate ischemic injury and promote cardiomyocyte regeneration. This review addresses a newly recognized cardioprotective mechanism involving the liver. Myocardial ischemia induces liver responses, including mobilization of hepatic cells to the circulatory system and upregulation of hepatic secretory proteins, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3). The mobilized hepatic cells either engraft to the ischemic myocardium or disintegrate in the circulatory system, facilitating delivery of the hepatic secretory proteins. These proteins contribute to myocardial protection, alleviating myocardial infarction. These investigations provide new information for understanding the innate cardioprotective mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies for myocardial infarction.


This paper deals with the new conventions of representing reality in both the literary and the historical texts. Alongside memory, history and fiction are the two other domains from which we derive knowledge of our past. We have chosen to compare the literary narrative with the historical one. Where is the place of fiction alongside this often totalizing and totalitarian pillar of knowledge? Furthermore, we explore the way in which fiction and history interact in the contemporary novel. Contemporary novels often incorporate extra-literary discourses in their texts in an attempt to show that any discourse on the real is always a work of fiction because it is discursively constructed. By incorporating such fragments of history within their fictive world, these contemporary novels point our attention to the similarities between the literary and historical texts, both of which resort to narrative techniques in order to represent the past and give meaning to it. The insistence on the notion of narrativity in historiographic research over the last decades has brought into question the legitimacy of the once incontestable historical archives. By stressing on the inevitable subjectivity of the once so-called objective historical documents, contemporary historians have demonstrated the way in which history uses narrative techniques similar to that of fiction to establish order and make sense the dispersed events of the past. Because narrative form is in itself a way of ordering and "bringing together" the fragmented events and incoherencies of reality, narrative form in itself often violently manipulates this reality with the aim of giving meaning to an often inexplicable reality. Even in the autobiographical text, deemed truthful, or the historical document, deemed objective, we always write the past from the present, that is we predict the past from the prism of the present thanks to what Ricoeur has called the "traces" of the past, namely the archives, testimonies, photographs and other "already written" texts. So doing, both the literary and historical texts attempt to order reality with the aim of arriving at a certain representation of it that expresses an intended signification.


The paper gives a brief introduction to particle accelerators and the imaging requirements for particle beams. Ion profile monitoring (IPM) based and beam induced fluorescence (BIF) based techniques for beam profile monitors and associated imaging challenges are further explained. Most imaging applications make use of gases for interaction and generation of images. The challenge of gas flow visualization in vacuum and some of the gas flow measurement techniques are mentioned briefly. Steps to acquire and process schlieren images for gas flowing in vacuum are described in detail. Images obtained at various stages are also shown and discussed.


Abstract Seven unpublished illuminated fragments from the Museo Civico d'Arte Antica in Turin are examined and placed in the context of Lombard Late Gothic book illumination. An antiphonary with Proper and Commons of Saints decorated by the Master of the Modena Book of Hours is partially reconstructed. A miniature depicting the Imago Pietatis is traced back to one of that master's masterpieces, the Parma Book of Hours. The well-known miniature with Saint John the Baptist is all that survives of a lost Book of Hours closely related to Michelino da Besozzo's models, while an initial with Saint Augustine is traced back to a lost antiphonary made in Pavia, perhaps to be ascribed to the Master of Laura Bossi around 1485.


Political Spirituality presented by Paulinus Yan Olla provides guidelines for the ideal relationship between the Catholic Church and political life, how to exercise political power inspired by the values of faith and humanity to achieve the common good. Political involvement is one way to the sanctity of life.


Currently, the government is trying to improve road infrastructure in the form of tolls and bridges. In its construction design, the general bridge age is planned to have a life span of 100 years for large bridges and 50 years as the lifespan limit [1]. Over time the bridge will experience changes caused by movement from nature, bridge loads, bridge construction structures, excessive vibration, and so on [1]. One of the causes of a bridge collapse is a load that exceeds the capacity [2]. For example, the case of the ring bridge in Tuban district collapsed, because the vehicle load exceeded the bridge's capacity. Regarding the case of a bridge collapse in Tuban, it inspired the idea to collect, consider and maintain every bridge in Indonesia. If there is a bridge that fixes the collapse, repair activities can be carried out in Indonesia. In this research, a design algorithm was made, in which the compilation of devices mounted by the bridge so as not to exceed the maximum bridge load capacity. Vehicles entering the bridge have been indexed by several variables within 24 hours. Some of these variables are time, vehicle identity consisting of the license plate number, type of vehicle, vehicle weight and index. Design a bridge monitoring system and Internet-based (IoT) bridge monitoring algorithm. The truth of the algorithm, a simulation program was created using a visual studio, a database using MySQL and a website over base application. But in designing this algorithm, analysis is needed in determining the number of accelerometer sensors. The purpose of this algorithm system is bridge capability so that the weight of the incoming vehicle is not much or exceeds the bridge's capability limit. The validation of the design of this algorithm is to compare the workings of the standard algorithm. The results of this study are the creation of an algorithm for the Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring and control systems that can provide information about bridges in real-time. This research can help the government transportation department especially inland transportation, one of the online and real-time supply monitoring solutions. Besides, this research can be used as a bridge management and maintenance system so that the bridge can last longer.


The article centres on verbal and non-verbal forms of communication and draws attention to the causes of a communicative failure among which cultural differences in speech etiquette, stereotypes, biases and ethnocentrism are taken into account.


Synchrotron powder diffraction data have been obtained and indexed for ferrous gluconate, a common supplement used for the treatment and prevention of iron-deficiency anemia. Ferrous gluconate (Fe(C6H11O7)2 · x H2O, Z = 4) crystallizes in a monoclinic cell (space group I2, #5) with lattice parameters a = 19.953 16(9) Å, b = 5.513 92(3) Å, c = 18.470 58(9) Å, and β = 111.3826(3)°. The pattern shows no evidence of impurity reflections.


Sinter flue gas produced by the iron-ore sinter process in steel plants is characterized by a large gas volume and complex components. Among the major air pollutants, preliminary emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) exhibit an inevitable contribution to secondary aerosol and ozone formation. Herein, oxidation–absorption collaborative technology for in-plasma catalysis with sequential Na2SO3 wet scrubbing, aiming at co-elimination of NOx and VOCs from sinter flue gas, is proposed. Experimental parameters, including plasma discharge status, NO initial concentration, gas feed flux, Na2SO3 concentration, pH value, and absorption ions, were systematically investigated. The VOC and NOx removal performance of the integrated system was further investigated by taking simulated sinter flue gas as model pollutants. The results showed that the collaborative system has satisfactory performance for TVOC and NO removal rates for the effective oxidation of in-plasma catalysis and Na2SO3 absorption. The integration of plasma catalysis with Na2SO3 scrubbing could be an alternative technology for the co-elimination of sinter flue gas multi-compounds.


AcknowledgmentsList of IllustrationsIntroduction: Towards a Genealogy of GirlhoodPart I. Becoming a Girl1. The Girl of the Period2. Feminine Adolescence3. PubertyPart II. Becoming a Woman4. Daughters: Theories of Girlhood5. Sex and the Single Girl: Studies in Girlhood6. Becoming Bride: Girls and Cultural StudiesPart III. Girls and Cultural Production7. Distraction: Girls and Mass Culture8. In Visible Bodies9. The Girl Market and Girl CultureConclusion: The Girl of the CenturyNotesBibliographyIndex


Being the core device of the gravity gradiometer, the gravity gradient instrument makes the gravity gradient measurable. For the rotating accelerometer gravity gradient instrument, the installation error of accelerometers is one of key factors affecting its measurement accuracy. Therefore, this paper quantifies the installation error of the accelerometer in the gravity gradient instrument and obtains the numerical range of the limitation of the installation error under the target precision of 10E for the first time in China, which lays the foundation for the development of the gravity gradiometer.


The work here presented, describes a numerical procedure for model updating and damage detection based on the use of Principal Component Analysis technique. The procedure adopts a Multi Disciplinary Optimization (MDO) tool coupled to MSC/NASTRAN as structural analysis solver. In particular, the residues of Principal Components between baseline and updated finite element models are used as targets during the finite element mesh updating. The reported examples show the efficiency of the proposed approach, that can be used for both model updating and damage detection problems.


Data mining is a process of extracting information and discovering patterns from large amount of data. Crime Analysis can be a lucrative application of data mining. Data mining can play an important role in analyzing and predicting crimes using the data stored in repositories. Crime rate in India is increasing day by day, becoming a topic of major concern, hindering good governance in India. Due to awful growth in crime rate, it has become impossible to analyze those crime related data and detect crime patterns or predict future crimes by intelligence agencies or local law enforcement agencies. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the network of co-offenders, collaboration and dissolution of organized crime groups, identifying various relevant crime patterns, hidden links, link prediction and statistical analysis of crime data. This study will be helpful to law enforcing agencies in making strategies and tactics to address crime and disorder.


Photocatalytic activity in the water splitting of Ln2Ti2O7 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd) with a layered structure was highly dependent on their electronic band structure. The conduction band of La2Ti2O7 consisted mainly of Ti 3d and La 5d, whereas the valence band consisted mainly of O 2p and Ti 3d. The empty La 4f level was found to be located ca. 3.6 eV above the bottom of the conduction band from both the electronic band-structure calculation and the XPS measurement. The occupied and unoccupied Ln 4f level in Ln2Ti2O7 was shifted to lower energy as the number of 4f electrons increased. This shift of the Ln 4f band made it possible for the band-gap energy of both Pr2Ti2O7 and Nd2Ti2O7 to be decreased. For Nd2Ti2O7, the unoccupied Nd 4f level located between the conduction band and the valence band was found to be detrimental to photocatalytic activity in water splitting because it could act as an electron-trapping site.


Abstract Research on young children's development of executive function (EF) and early mathematics has established relationships between the two, but studies have not investigated whether these relations differ for children with different outcomes in mathematics and EF, especially in the context of interventions. To examine the homogeneity of those relations and the intervention effects, we conducted quantile regression analyses on data from a large study of two prekindergarten interventions: the Building Blocks math curriculum alone (BB), or BB with scaffolding of play to promote executive function (BBSEF). Results revealed that EF competencies have a larger positive relationship to mathematics for children with low math competence compared to children with medium or high competence. The significant predictive relationship of mathematical competencies on EF did not vary for children with different levels of EF abilities at prekindergarten and varied only slightly at kindergarten. Also, interventions had similar immediate effects on math and EF for children with various abilities. The BB intervention had a larger positive delayed effect on math and EF competencies for children with low scores relative to children with high scores. The delayed effect of the BBSEF intervention was similar for children with different levels of EF and math competencies.


In South Africa, adoption has become an increasing necessity due to the high number of vulnerable and orphaned children due to the burden of HIV/AIDS and the breakdown of the traditional family. Some of these children have access to family or community care and can be fostered or adopted by adults they know. Others however, need to be fostered or adopted by strangers. Many adoptable children are children of colour and due to various social issues, many parents who adopt are White. Therefore, transracial adoptions are more common in South Africa than same-race adoptions. Whilst many parents face challenges related to parenthood adoptive parents have additional challenges. These challenges start before adoptive parents apply to adopt, through to the time of meeting the prospective adoptee, waiting for the final paperwork to be completed, and the post-placement transition to new family life. Whilst much research has been done on the post-adoption stage, there is little research exploring the challenges and support prospective adoptive parents encounter during the adoption process. This highlights the need for the current research study, especially as it seeks to include a diversity of parents without the narrow focus on transracial adoption. A qualitative approach was used to explore and describe the psychosocial challenges and experiences of sixteen adoptive parents. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain insight into participants' reasons for choosing adoption, their fears and anxieties related to the process and being adoptive parents, meeting the prospective adoptee, and their experiences of formal and informal support. The participants included single, married and cohabiting parents, same-sex and heterosexual couples, White and Indian parents. All but one adoption was transracial. Using thematic analysis, five themes and sixteen sub-themes emerged from the data. A personal desire for parenthood was found to be the primary motivating factor in pursuing adoption. Throughout the adoption journey, there were many challenges and experiences, both positive and negative. The application process was found to be significantly more stressful for some than for others. The period of visiting the prospective adoptee and waiting to take them home was difficult as some struggled to bond with the child, and some felt unprepared for the physical and emotional demands of becoming a parent. Throughout the process, participants had mixed experiences with the social workers and participants' families. However, many received support from being connected with other adoptive families. Post-placement challenges included adapting to becoming parents, concerns about informing the child about their history and dealing with government departments while waiting for the formal process to be completed. Participants felt they needed much more support from social workers, participants' families, the adoption community, government departments, and society throughout most of the adoption process. The lack of support they experienced exacerbated the fears and anxieties they experienced at different points in the process. Offering prospective adoptive parents adequate support to reduce fears, prepare them for parenthood and adoption, and assistance during challenging periods would enable them to be equipped and focus more of their energy and attention on their adoptive child and newly formed family.


In this paper, finite element heat transfer analysis of a 3D orthogonal woven C-SiC composite is presented. Thermal transport properties of the composite are predicted in the three orthogonal directions. The effect of different manufacturing porosity types on thermal transport characteristics of the composite is also determined, which is achieved by using four unit cells constructed at different length scales. The predictive capability of the finite element models is benchmarked against the experimental results obtained from laser flash technique.


ABSTRACT The study applied the mixed-method approach to measure sponsorship and public relations, and their influences on Aaker's four dimensions of brand equity. Applying scale development and Structural Equation Modeling on a final sample of 628 observations on ten leading soft drink brands, the results first developed two consumer-based scales, i.e., sponsorship and public relations, then investigated the effects of sponsorship and public relations on brand equity creation. The study also indicated the country of brand origin does not make any difference in the consumer mentality of the influence of sponsorship and public relations on brand equity dimensions. The findings contribute significantly to the existing knowledge of marketing communications and brand equity. This study also provided several practical implications for both marketing communication designers and brand managers.


This research aims to build tourism motivation through tourism conscious groups. The theories used by researchers are Neo-Frued Personal theory and Mc Clelland's Theory of Motivation. The method of research is a qualitatively declutive approach. Then the object of the study was in Bidadari Beach, Sane Sugih Village, Banding Agung, south Sumatra. For the study subjects, namely, camat, vice chairman of UPTD, a tourist conscious group and people who are considered elders in Sugih Waras Village The results of this study show that tourism motivation through tourism conscious groups is very important for the community. The motivation can create a charm sapta so that it invites tourists to visit and can open jobs such as restaurants on the beach, homestays to water game rides.


Background The identification of genes associated with specific experimental conditions, genotypes or phenotypes through differential expression analysis has long been the cornerstone of transcriptomic analysis. Single cell RNA-seq is revolutionizing transcriptomics and is enabling interindividual differential gene expression analysis and identification of genetic variants associated with gene expression, so called expression quantitative trait loci at cell-type resolution. Current methods for power analysis and guidance of experimental design either do not account for the specific characteristics of single cell data or are not suitable to model interindividual comparisons. Results Here we present a statistical framework for experimental design and power analysis of single cell differential gene expression between groups of individuals and expression quantitative trait locus analysis. The model relates sample size, number of cells per individual and sequencing depth to the power of detecting differentially expressed genes within individual cell types. Power analysis is based on data driven priors from literature or pilot experiments across a wide range of application scenarios and single cell RNA-seq platforms. Using these priors we show that, for a fixed budget, the number of cells per individual is the major determinant of power. Conclusion Our model is general and allows for systematic comparison of alternative experimental designs and can thus be used to guide experimental design to optimize power. For a wide range of applications, shallow sequencing of high numbers of cells per individual leads to higher overall power than deep sequencing of fewer cells. The model is implemented as an R package scPower.


As there is a huge amount of information on the Internet, people have difficulty in sorting through it to find the required information; thus, the information overload problem becomes a significant issue for users and online businesses. To resolve this problem, many researchers and applications have proposed recommender systems, which apply user-based collaborative filtering, meaning it only considers the users' rating history to analyze their preferences. However, users' text data may contain users' preferences or sentiment information, and such information can be used to analyze users' preferences more precisely. This work proposes a method called the aspect-based deep learning rating prediction method (ADLRP), which can extract the aspects, sentiment, and semantic features from users' and items' reviews. Then, the deep learning method is used to generate users' and items' latent factors. According to these three features, the matrix factorization method is applied to make rating predictions for items. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than the traditional rating prediction methods and conventional artificial neural networks. The proposed method can precisely and efficiently extract the sentiments and semantics of each aspect from review texts and enhance the prediction performance of rating predictions.


ABSTRACT Song, J.; Xie, H., and Feng, Y., 2018. Correlation analysis method for ocean monitoring big data in a cloud environment. In: Ashraf, M.A. and Chowdhury, A.J.K. (eds.), Coastal Ecosystem Responses to Human and Climatic Changes throughout Asia. The current correlation analysis method for ocean monitoring big data is time consuming, and stability is poor. A new method is proposed to overcome these problems. The ocean monitoring big data were divided into eight categories and analyzed individually, and then ocean monitoring data model, data model, ocean coast big data model, and ocean monitoring data sets were analyzed and calculated according to the spatial correlation function to determine the ocean monitoring big data spatial correlation coefficient and collect spatial correlation of ocean monitoring big data characteristic elements. Experimental results showed that the proposed method improved the speed and stability of the correlation analysis of ocean monitoring big data, and advanced the classification accuracy of ocean monitoring data by about 30%.


By the estimated value nowadays,the raising funds and stocks will not cause great negative impact to the second market.Once bubble occurs,the raising stock short hedge mechanism will limit the bubble in the market to a certain degree.To raising funds and stocks will increase the turnover rate in the stock market.In structure,it will increase the market analyst follow-ing on underlying stocks and lead long negative impact to the bad performance stock.The selected quasi-stock companies and bank listed companies will benefit from it.The influence of raising funds and stocks on investors lies in the offer of new benefit model and can strengthen the perception of investment.


Objective:To investigate the expression of heparanase mRNA in the human gastric cancer tissues,surrounding cancer tissues and normal gastric tissues,and the correlation between heparanase expression and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer.Methods:Eight specimens of normal gastric tissues,fifty-six gastric cancer tissues and surrounding cancer tissues were studied.Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of heparanase mRNA.β-actin was used as a positive control.Results:Expression of heparanase was not detected in normal gastric tissues.Heparanase was expressed in forty-one(73.2%) gastric cancer tissues.The Heparanase expression was more prevalent in large size,beyond the proper muscle,venous invasion,lymph nodal metastases,distant metastases and late stage,and the expression level was also correlated with them significantly(P0.05 or P0.01).Expression of heparanase was positive in fifteen(26.8%) surrounding cancer tissues and the expression level was significantly lower than gastric cancer tissues((30.44%±10.46%) vs(59.37%±15.11%),P0.001).Conclusion:Over expression of heparanase gene was related to gastric cancer growth,invasion and metastasis.


Urban transportation accounts for a large share of the total consumption of fossil fuels and the total generation of atmospheric pollution in both the United States and Canada. This paper has two objectives. The first is to review the general category of policies known as transportation control measures (TCMs) as they apply to urban areas, and the second is to examine and compare progress that has been made toward the implementation of these measures in the United States and Canada. It will become obvious that differences in the structure of federal/state as opposed to federal/provincial relations have led to different frameworks for the implementation of TCMs in the U.S. and Canada.


This paper explores the current problems within the European Social Model debate which are identified as an absence of a clear definition and a denial of its existence. In an attempt to solve these two problems, this paper defines the ESM as a mixture of hard law, soft law and underlying norms and values. The fundamental difference between the ESM and the Single Market is that the ESM is comprised of two-thirds soft-law and underlying norms and values. A result of this is that ESM is more vulnerable to political change than the Single Market. Its current situation is uncertain as a result of the impact of EU enlargement, the neoliberal preferences of the Barroso Commission and a shift to the right in EU governments.


By changing ther factors of synthesis process of PAE, discussed the effects of synthetic conditions on the PAE curing, and through electron microscope analysis methods, the curing mechanism of PAE is preliminary discussed.When the ratio of DTEA/AA was 1:1.05,the dry and wet strength of paper before and after curing achieved the best value.when the dosage of p-toluene sulfonic acid is 1.5%, the PAE can achieve best effect.the best ratio of PPC and epichlorohydrin is 1:0.7.


In this paper black and white image recording using holographic memory effect is presented. different black and white images are use as objects for digital hologram construction. Each black and white image is treated separately during the digital hologram construction, but all of them are recorded on one holographic plate. Given hologram represents combination of all images. Digital hologram is constructed using composition of asherical waves. For the purpose of visualization, hologram is quantified on 256 levels (greyscale hologram). Hologram is reconstructed and each reconstructed image is compared with original 2D binary image. Given results showed very good reconstruction, which means that different black and white images can be recorded on one holographic plate, and later reconstructed without significant information loss.


With 63 species, Hyloxalus is the most speciose genus of the superfamily Dendrobatoidea, which comprises the neotropical poison-dart frogs and their relatives. Species of this genus inhabit diversity of environments from almost sea level to high-Andean ecosystems in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The genus has several problems regarding its systematics and phylogeny. For example, unresolved taxonomy of species complexes, lack of the phenotypic synapomorphies for the genus, inconsistencies in the phylogenetic relationships between previous studies, underestimated phenotypic variation despite there are notorious morphological differences (e.g., small species without toe webbing and with lateral stripes, or large species with toe webbing and without lateral stripes), and a half of species (31 species) being assigned to the genus only tentatively. Moreover, progress about our knowledge about its diversity, phylogeny, and evolution is slow, which is evident when contrasting our knowledge of the group with other dendrobatoid genera (e.g., Allobates ). Therefore, the present study evaluates the phylogenetic relationships of Hyloxalus and attempts to solve some of these problems, employing as evidence phenotypic characters of both adult and larvae as well as molecular DNA sequences. Accordingly, the morphology and anatomy of most species of this genus and several other dendrobatoids species were explored and assessed to search for independent variation. This variation was used to test characters and homology hypotheses previously formulated, and to propose new characters. Also, I generated molecular DNA data from five species that have never been sequenced before, and from additional populations of the other nominal species. All evidence was analyzed in a phylogenetic analysis together with the available phenotype and genotype data of systematic in Hyloxalus , because it is homoplastic, with hypothesize function related to the reproductive amplexus—is assessed in six species through the use of histological techniques. Serial cuts show that specialized hypertrophied exocrine glands together with other dermal and hypodermal modifications fill the arm swelling in most of the six species examined. New characters from the external morphology and the integument are proposed. Optimization of the external morphology character disclosed independent evolutionary acquisition of the arm swelling and therefore homoplasies. However, an external swelling type is derived and shared in the H. pulchellus group. Furthermore, the analysis of the integumentary features provide support for the proposed functional hypothesis, that is, the arm swelling is involved in the reproductive amplexus. Nevertheless, further histochemical, biochemical, and natural history studies are necessary to elucidate the evolution and function of the arm swelling. In general, all of these results highlight that Hyloxalus systematics is a rich source of evidence to understand the phylogenetic relationships, evolution, and biology of the genus and the poison frogs in general. structure. These data provide evidence to propose characters both external morphology and integument and also test the glandular nature of this arm swelling. The external morphology characters are optimized in the largest Hyloxalus phylogeny generate in the second chapter to study their evolution. The systematic and biological implications of the findings are analyzed.


Abstract The present paper explores the accounting practices through which alternative moral stances are talked into being, and made sense of, as children account for the morally charged topic of "fighting." Data are drawn from ethnographic work, combined with video recordings of classroom sessions informed by the ART (Aggression Replacement Training) moral reasoning training program, in a fifth-grade class in a Swedish elementary school. An ethnomethodological approach is taken toward how features of the talk-in-interaction during these sessions indirectly make available systems of accountability motivated by institutionalized standards to talk about morality in a certain way. As will be demonstrated, the teachers' use of reversed polarity questions, assertions, and formulations work to hold children accountable for producing a certain moral stance. It is found that the children have learned to artfully design their contributions (justifications, detailing, second-stories, event descriptions, extreme cases) so that they can both comply with and subvert the institutionalized standards at the same time.


Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, SLAM, is an important topic in the field of robotics and autonomous navigation. The metric SLAM suffers from sensor inaccuracies and thus cannot be used for long-term navigation. In such case, Visual SLAM or a Hybrid SLAM based on both metric and visual approach is a good alternative. In this paper, in order to speed up a Visual SLAM, we propose a novel concept of dynamic dictionary generated on the results of triangulation done on RF, radio frequency, signals from nearest cell towers of a cellular network. This dynamic dictionary efficiently manages the scalability of a Visual SLAM and make it possible to work in a large-scale environment. A framework is proposed along with triangulation data of a city and with simulations to support the concept.


The increase in electric vehicles needs to be supported by the existence of reliable energy storage devices. The battery, as an energy storage system, has its advantages and disadvantages. The combination of different battery types is chosen since the battery is one of the energy storage systems with mature technology and low life cycle cost. A solution that can be proposed to cover the weakness of each battery is the use of the Dual Battery System (DBS). In this project, a dual battery control system with a combination of Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) and Lithium Ferro Phosphate (LFP) batteries was developed using the switching method. Battery selection switching is determined by the specification and operational set point of the battery used. The experimental testing was carried out. The result of the research conducted showed that the current sensor accuracy was 83.75% and the voltage sensor accuracy was 94.25% while the current sensor precision value was 64.91% and the voltage sensor precision was 99.74%. The use of a dual battery system can save energy in a VLRA battery compare with a single VLRA battery by up to 68.62%, whereas in LFP battery by up to 29.48%. This means it gives the advantages of longer distances of traveling in electric vehicles.


This paper mainly concerns the problem of confldence measure estimation for Spoken Term Detection (STD). The detecting precision is always a main obstacle to make STD system to be applicable in realworld. In this context, a multi-source knowledge fusion strategy was proposed to improve the qualiflcation of confldence measure of detected spoken term which is mainly estimated by posterior probability before. For lattice based STD system, a collection of optimal predictive information of detected term is extracted, and the hidden-units Conditional Random Fields (hidden-units CRFs) is adopted to combine these information into a normalized conditional probability to stand for an alternative score of detected term. More precisely, the discriminative ability of multi-source knowledge fusion based confldence measure is proved to be superior to the posterior based confldence measure flrst. And then, the new proposed confldence measure was combined with the posterior to improve detecting precision and decrease False Alarm rate (FA) in a lattice-based STD system for Conversional Telephone Speech (CTS). Experimental results show that the new proposed confldence measure has strong complimentary efiect and improve the detecting precision about 17% over the baseline system in high precision area.


A dynamic spectrum allocation scheme is important for secondary users in cognitive radio sensor networks, which need to reduce collisions and increase efficiency. In order to allocate channel resources efficiently and reasonably, we use a greedy algorithm to select optimal secondary users, and propose a novel reverse auction bidding strategy based on non-cooperative game. The optional users are selected in this model, according to quantity of data, residual energy, privacy and preference. When an optimal Nash equilibrium is achieved, the channel resources would be allocated to primary and secondary users reasonably. The simulation results show that our algorithm can reduce energy consumption rate of secondary user, improve the network utility and prolong network lifetime.


Recently companies provide social network services (SNS) for their employees for purposes of sharing knowledge and creating/strengthening connections among the employees. We investigated Hewlett-Packard Japanpsilas SNS for its employees and found that communications in the SNSpsilas blog service was not active enough. We considered that one of its major reasons as hesitation in communicating with strangers, and mediators (e.g. common friends) can lower the hesitation. Based on the idea, we propose a system that prompts users to communicate with others in the blogosphere by recommending appropriate blog articles to attach comments. The system recommends articles based on userpsilas interests and human connections among users; i.e., it recommends interesting articles for a user when mediators exist between the user and authors of the articles or comments for them.


P401 LOWER DEVONIAN: DEPOSITIONAL MODEL. REGGANE BASIN. SOUTHWESTERN ALGERIA. 1 The present study provides an integrated stratigraphy of the Lower Devonian of the southestern Reggane Basin Bled El Mass. This is important to establish a standard section allowing an interregional correlation as well as an interpretation of single environmental conditions their changes through time and their geographical extent. Numerous sections have been investigated in this area in addition to data from other profiles in the basin. Investigation of the sedimentary sequence is based on a analysis of events. Initially many events are diachronous whereas others are difficult to define and


This paper presents a tool for the generation and evaluation of different alternatives of product production. The importance of this approach lies in the integration of synthesis, design, operation, and scheduling decisions. When simultaneously approached, these decisions allow consideration of the relationships and effects between critical elements of the problem that are usually analyzed sequentially. Two different scenarios are modeled in order to evaluate and select which production process is convenient to develop:  multipurpose plant and multiplant complex with single-product batch plants. The methodology is illustrated by an industrially motivated case study involving the production of three products:  torula yeast, bakery yeast, and brandy. According to different production conditions, both scenarios are solved, and the analysis and conclusions with regards to the most favorable production scheme are reported.


was abundant. The beaver, the otter, the bear and other animals prized for their fur lived here unmolested by the white man's rifles and unedticed by the white man's traps. The homes of many tribes of red men, scattered along the shores of the different bodies of water, were the only members of the human family within the border of this great territory. One can hardly picture these scenes prevailing in the now modern and


Most methods for singular points detection usually depend on the orientation fields of fingerprints, which cannot achieve reliable and accurate detection of poor quality fingerprints. In this study, a new method for fingerprint singular points detection based on Faster-RCNN (Faster Region-based Convolutional Network method) is proposed, which is a two-step process, and an orientation constraint is added in Faster-RCNN to obtain orientation information of singular points. Besides, we designed a convolutional neural network (ConvNet) for singular points detection according to the characteristics of fingerprint images and the existing works. Specifically, the proposed method could extract singular points directly from raw fingerprint images without traditional preprocessing. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In comparison with other detection algorithms, our method achieves 96.03% detection rate for core points and 98.33% detection rate for delta points on FVC2002 DB1 dataset while 90.75% for core points and 94.87% on NIST SD4 dataset, which outperform other algorithms.


The post-Zionist perspective is a commonplace in political and social discourse these days, and with this book it seeks to ensconce itself in the literary domain. Sidra Ezrahi, who teaches at the Hebrew University, situates herself here in an existential stance antipodal to Yehuda Halevy's: her heart is in the West even as she sits at the edge of the East. Manifestly Ezrahi, in readings of nine writers and poets, has constructed a literary triptych that seeks to rationalize the post-Zionist moment and narrative. What it boils down to is a book that is essentially a detailed gloss, in literary terms, on one of the seminal articulations of Diasporism as the anodyne to the moral ambiguities of political Zionism: George Steiner's 1985 essay "Our Homeland, the Text."


The aluminum-catalyzed hydroboration of alkenes with HBpin is reported using simple commercially available aluminum hydride precatalysts [LiAlH4 or sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride (Red-Al)]. Good substrate scope and functional group tolerance is demonstrated for alkene hydroboration, and the protocol was also applied to the hydroboration of ketone, ester, and nitrile functional groups, showing the potential for wider application. The aluminum-catalyzed hydroboration is proposed to proceed by alkene hydroalumination, which generates an alkyl aluminum species that undergoes σ-bond metathesis with HBpin to drive turnover of the catalytic cycle.


The article presents the results of the development of an imitation model allowing in real time to simulate the orbits of most satellite communication systems. The main feature of the model is the use of Kepler orbital elements presented in the TLE format as initial data.


In this paper we present a low frequency integral formulation for the scattering of perfect electric conducting objects. The formulation is a first order approximation for low frequency and is based on the fact that the vector and scalar potentials are decoupled at zero frequency. In this regime we find suitable boundary conditions for the vector potential and for the scalar potential. We test the accuracy of this approximation at low frequency. The geometry under test is the sphere and the exact reference solution used is the Mie series.


Organic farming has been known to improve soil quality by enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. The labile organic carbon (LOC) pools and carbon management index (CMI) are commonly used as very sensitive indicators of changes in SOC and assessment of soil quality. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic farming practices on soil quality by LOC fractions and CMI analysis in a 6-year field experiment. Four treatments were included: compost (COM), green manure (GM), inorganic fertilizer (NPK)


Wide‐band optical isolators are indispensable for wavelength multiplexing optical fiber communication systems to eliminate noise induced by the reflected light from optical devices. To realize the wide‐band optical isolator for wavelength of 1.5 μm, we have found a new composition of Bi‐substituted terbium iron garnet (Tb3−xBixFe5O12) and developed a crystal growth method of the garnet.1 The composition of the crystals was determined by SEM and by x‐ray fluorescence. Wavelength dependence of the Faraday rotation (FR) of Tb3−xBixFe5O12 single crystals was measured with a rotation‐analyzer polarimeter and a spectrometer at room temperature. The wavelength coefficient of the FR of Tb3−xBixFe5−yGayO12 (x=0.25, y<0.3) is as small as 0.1%/0.2 μm at a wavelength of 1.5 μm. This is less than 1/10 of that (3%/0.2 μm) obtained for Gd2Bi1Fe5O12. The value of the FR for the crystal with x=0.25 was about −205°/cm at λ=1.5 μm. We have also found empirically that between FR coefficient θF(x) and Bi‐concentration x, ther...


Disaster response agencies incorporate social media as a source of fast-breaking information to understand the needs of people affected by the many crises that occur around the world. These agencies look for tweets from within the region affected by the crisis to get the latest updates on the status of the affected region. However only 1% of all tweets are "geotagged" with explicit location information. In this work we seek to identify non-geotagged tweets that originate from within the crisis region. Towards this, we address three questions: (1) is there a difference between the language of tweets originating within a crisis region, (2) what linguistic patterns differentiate within-region and outside-region tweets, and (3) can we automatically identify those originating within the crisis region in real-time?


Dairy products are considered as one of important foods in the human diet. They are good source of protein, fat,and major minerals. Heavy metals are persistent toxic chemicals that have a public health concern. Milk of smallruminants such as sheep and goat is considered as a very important source for animal-derived protein in manyArabian countries and Egypt. However, studying the heavy metal load in milk of small ruminant had received lessattention. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the residual concentrations of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in milk ofsheep, goat' milk and cheese manufactured from sheep milk. The public health importance of the existed metalswas also discussed. All examined samples had Pb concentrations higher than the maximum permissible limits(MPL) set by WHO/FAO. Similarly, goat milk samples had Cu concentrations higher than MPL, while in case ofsheep 70% and 90% of examined milk and cheese samples had Cu levels higher than MPL


Writings in aesthetics often talk about "beauty" and "watching beauty",but actually,does not a exist at all.Beauty is neither a substantial object nor some attributes of objects,also not a abstract concept.In the history of aesthetics,all of valuable definitions of beauty signifing nothing at last,other difinitions directed material objects are not tenable.What truly exist are the actions of appreciation,because in the course of history the spiritual faculties of human beings are developed,then spiritual needs emerge.Human beings not only have acheived ability of material enjoy,but also ability of spiritual enjoy.Actions of appreciation is that human beings spiritually or emotionally conform to and are fond to their own existing states and surroundings of lives.Human beings created a poetical world with their own spiritual facultlies,therefore,so-called "beauty" is this poetical emotion.People believe that the beauty truly exist is a false impression.We must displace the theory of beauty with the "theory of appreciation".


Domain decomposition methods are considered to solve large systems of equations arising from the discretization of parabolic partial differential equations by finite difference methods. Domain decomposition methods can be classified into two classes, overlapping and non-overlapping methods with respect to the decomposition of the domain. We focus on non-overlapping unconditionally stable domain decomposition methods for solving parabolic partial differential equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions, Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions, and pure Neumann boundary conditions.
In this dissertation, we propose an Implicit Prediction and Implicit Correction (IPIC) method, a Modified Implicit Prediction (MIP) method, and a Modified Alternating Direction Implicit (MADI) method. In order to maintain unconditional stability, the IPIC method uses a correction procedure on the interface line. However, the correction procedure is not necessary in the MIP method, which is proved in the dissertation. The MADI method is considered as the extreme case of the domain decomposition method without interior points being solved. Numerical results with five different model problems show that the IPIC, MIP, and MADI methods are unconditionally stable and efficient.


Abstract : The Common Airborne Instrumentation System (CAIS) is being developed by the DOD through a Tri- service Program Office. The goals of the program are two fold. The first is to develop an instrumentation system that will meet the needs of the Air Force, Army, and Navy into the next century. The system is designed to support a full breadth of applications from a few parameters to engineering and management and development programs. The second is to provide a system that is airframe as well as activity independent. To accomplish these goals, the CAIS consists of two segments. The airborne segment consists of a system controller with a suite of data acquisition units. the system is configured with only the units that are required. The ground segment consists of a variety of support equipment. The support equipment enables the user to generate formats, load/verify airborne units, perform system level diagnostics and more.