Understanding what factors foster young people's aspirations to work as teachers is critical for designing effective recruitment policies, and for ensuring that enough youngsters enter the teaching profession. We examine what factors explain between‐country differences in the percentage of 15‐year‐old students who expect to work as teachers as adults. We focus on two factors: (1) the salaries teachers can expect to earn compared to professionals in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM); and (2) the skill levels teachers have compared to STEM professionals. Relative salaries indicate if (and to what extent) the financial returns associated with teaching careers are higher or lower than professional STEM careers dominated by men. Relative skills highlight the investment in human capital that teachers are expected to make to be able to enter the profession, as well as the social and cultural status that is associated with teaching. We used data from 29 countries that participated in the Programme for International Student Assessment and the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies. In countries where teacher salaries and numeracy skills were high compared to those commanded by STEM professionals, gender gaps in teaching career expectations were smaller. High‐ability students in science and mathematics were more likely to expect to work as teachers in countries where teachers have comparatively higher numeracy skills. Our findings show that when teacher salaries are competitive in relationship to the salaries of STEM professionals, more students overall expect to work as teachers. However, whilst low‐ and middle‐performing students in science and mathematics were attracted by economic incentives, high‐performing students in science and mathematics were not.


A simple model is presented for estimating the delay of a multi-level combinational logic description prior to a technology-dependent mapping phase. The model proposes that delay through a node varies logarithmically with both the complexity and the fanout of the node's logic equation. This is a consequence of the observation that in high performance circuits, both the fan-in and fan-out of cells are bounded by small numbers. Model parameters are derived for three different CMOS ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) libraries, and the authors show how the predicted delays compare with the actual delays for three different industrial designs in each library. This model can serve as a proxy for delay during technology-independent logic optimization, much as literal counts serve as proxies for area.<<ETX>>


Purpose: To assess clinical outcomes after using IG-IMRT for palliation among patients with advanced cancers. Methods: Patients with advanced and/or metastatic cancers were treated on our Tomo-PAL (Tomotherapy?-Planning and Administration Linked) protocol using helical TomoTherapy? and evaluated to assess clinical efficacy of treatment as well as to assess side effects. Results: A total of 40 patients were treated to 40 sites from Feb 2007 to May 2009. There were 25 men and 15 women with a median age of 70 years (range 16 - 94). Pain and bleeding were the most common symptoms being palliated (80% and 12.5% respectively). The dose prescribed ranged from 5 - 25 Gy in 1 - 5 fractions. A qualitative improvement in symptoms was documented in 82% of patients (75% partial relief and 7% complete relief) and major side effects were not encountered. Conclusions: IG-IMRT can be used for palliation and produces response rates that compare favourably with those reported in the published literature.


Aims With the continuing increase in the impact of human activities on ecosystems, ecologists are increasingly interested in understanding the effects of high temperature on litter decomposition since litter decomposition and the accompanying release of nutrients and carbon dioxide are key processes in ecosystem nutrient cycling and carbon flux. This study was conducted to evaluate the temperature sensitivity of forest litter decomposition and soil enzymes during litter decomposition in subtropical forest in China. Methods Two dominant litter types were chosen from Zijin Mountain in China: Quercus acutissima leaves from a broadleaf forest (BF) and Pinus massoniana needles from a coniferous forest (CF). The litter samples were incubated in soil microcosms at ambient control temperature (20C) and 10C warmer. During a 5-month incubation, chemical composition of litter samples, litter mass losses, and related soil enzyme activities were determined.


BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin (IgG)4 is the subclass most frequently found in pemphigus foliaceous (PF), both in the endemic form (EPF) and non endemic form. Although the pathogenicity of the IgG4 antibodies (Ab) has been demonstrated experimentally in Balb/c mice models, the value of other subclasses is still not fully understood, nor whether it is possible that they participate in the etiopathogenesis of EPF. OBJECTIVE - To establish a profile of the subclasses of IgG during the clinical course of endemic pemphigus foliaceus (EPF). METHODOLOGY - Using the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) method with monoclonal antibodies, the behavior of these subclasses was studied in relation to the clinical course of the disease, in the serum of47 patients with EPF and 31 healthy controls. Of the latter, 12 were genetically related relatives, and 19 were not related. The patients were divided into five groups: those with less than six months of disease; from seven to 12 months; more than 13 months; patients in relapse; and those in cure. The results obtained from these various groups were related to the following variables: clinical activity; forms of the disease; time for dissemination of the lesions; and treatment used. RESULTS - There were no positive results in the control group. The small number of cases positive for IgG2 (14.9%) and smaller still for IgG3 (2.1%) did not allow statistical analysis of these data, restricting this to IgG1 and IgG4 Qualitatively IgG4 was present in all of the phases of the disease, except in cure; IgG1, on the contrary, presented peculiar behavior, appearing in initial phases of the disease (less than six months) and periods of relapse. When the qualitative profile of IgGI was compared to the quantitative profile of IgG4, similar behavior was observed, suggesting that the high titers of IgG4 are accompanied by greater positivity of IgG1. CONCLUSIONS - The results enabled the supposition that IgGI could have relevant participation in the immunoregulatory mechanism of EPF and that this subclass represents a sensitive marker for the onset or return of clinical activity.


the text analyzes the distinction between impartiality and neutrality employed for functional purposes, that is, to take the judge's absence of subjective neutrality as a basis to justify the attribution of functional and decision-making competencies. It describes the arguments that defend this split, submits them to criticism and defends the ban of the thesis, denying its legal-dogmatic value.


Objective:To evaluate therapeutic effects of lamivudine and percutaneous microwave coagultion therapy(PMCT) in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC) complicated with hepatitis B virus(HBV).Methods:Treatment group was treated by PMCT + lamivudine(40 cases),control group was treated by PMCT(40 cases).Results:There were no diffences in DNA and ALT level between two groups after 1 and 2 weeks(P0.05),but was diffent after 4 weeks(P 0.05).Conclusion:Lamivudine therapy after PMCT can inhibit copy of HBV and protect liver function of the patients.


In order to prevent automatic machine (22) of the hazardous working area (24), a sensor unit (12) to define the time interval provides a work area (24) corresponding to the current 3-D image. The evaluation unit (18) comprises a fail-safe foreign object detector (50), a classifier (54), the person tracking device (66) and a comparator (68). The foreign object detector (50) and generating a first signal based on the corresponding current 3-D image based on the protected area (30) defined, comprising the first signal indicates the position of foreign objects in the protection zone (30) of the The first location information. A classifier (54) to attempt to identify a human foreign objects (34). Person tracking device (66) by a series of human (34) corresponding to the current 3-D image to the identified track, and determines the identified person represented according to each of the new 3-D image (34) of the current the second position location information. If the recognized position of the person different from each other according to the position of the first foreign object position information is generated for stopping the machine (22) a control signal.


In recent years, the development of wireless network provides the hardware foundation for wireless perception within indoor environment. The wireless sensing system has been applied in many fields, such as intrusion detection, search rescue, gesture recognition and abnormal human activities detection such as falling, wandering behaviour, breathing and heart rates and so on. Among of them, Wi-Fi sensing has proven to be effective since it exploits off-the-shelf low-cost small wireless devices operating at 2.4 GHz frequency band and also a potential field for real-time sensing method for human recognition. This paper presents foundation for real-time Wi-Fi sensing system to detect various human activities when performed in indoor settings.


Pulse powersystems generate heatinthepresence ofa large time varying magnetic field Inorder toquantify thelocal heat generation, these systems needtemperature sensing equipment. The magnetic field caninduce signals intemperature sensors with electrical connections suchasthermocouples andthermistors. Also, thepowersystems areoften ata highelectric potential when energized requiring robust electrical isolation schemes toprevent thesystem fromdischarging through thesensing equipment. As such, a sensing system hasbeendeveloped thatcanremotely capture information todetermine thetemperature ofasurface. This sensor isbasedonaninterferometer using a thinsapphire die coated withnickel oxide asthesensing element. A modelwas developed topredict thebehavior ofthesensor inorder todetermine theideal layer thickness. Withthis system temperature measurement hasbeendemonstrated atasampling rateof30Hzoverarange of 20°Cto300°Cwith 20%precision. Because thetechnique explored inthis research doesnotrequire physical connections tothesensor, thedilemma ofthemagnetic field andelectrical isolation are bypassed.


The preferred embodiment provides a mechanism for enabling a user to interact with forms or authentication pages in a simple and immediate way. The system is based on the leveraging of a wireless device (e.g. Bluetooth) from which information can be retrieved to fill in data over the Internet, through a plug-in. More particularly, the preferred embodiment establishes a secure connection with the external device and provides information on-demand to the browser.


The time-resolved optical Kerr effect of water at 298 K was investigated using pulse widths (full width at half-maximum) as short as 38 fs to characterize the dynamic response of water from tens of femtoseconds to several picosecond time scales. A frequency analysis of the free induction decay of the excited Raman modes observed maxima at 40 and 165 cm[sup [minus]1], with a broad distribution of higher frequency components centered around 470 cm[sup [minus]1]. There is an initial rapid decay in the induced birefringence of less than 50 fs due to interference between these modes. These features are in good agreement with previous depolarized light scattering studies. Additional relaxation components of 500 [+-] 30 fs and 1.7 [+-] 0.3 ps are resolved in the Kerr results. In total, these observations depict an overall dynamic pathway for the relaxation of water. 40 refs., 6 figs.


A central component of the Paralympic mission is to " . . . enable Para athletes to achieve sporting excellence" (International Paralympic Committee, 2019, p. 21). Para sport classification systems perform two functions that are critical for the realisation of the IPC's mission. First, a sport's classification system defines the minimum impairment required to be eligible to compete in that Para sport. In this way, classification is fundamental to Para sport because, in a literal sense, it provides a framework for determining who is (and who is not) a Para athlete. Second, a classification system groups athletes into sport classes which control for the impact of impairment on the outcome of competition to ensure that, as far as possible, sporting excellence determines which athlete or team is ultimately victorious (International Paralympic Committee, 2015; Tweedy & Vanlandewijck, 2011). Without classification it is not possible to hold legitimate Para sport competitions, or to differentiate the very best athletes from all others. It is only 10 years since the conceptual framework for evidence-based classification was outlined in the IPC Position Stand on the background and scientific principles of classification in Paralympic sport (Tweedy & Vanlandewijck, 2011). The position stand stated that each sport should develop its own classification system based on empirical evidence that demonstrates the association between impairment and performance in that sport. This represented a significant departure point from existing classification systems which often were developed on the basis of opinion and were similar across sports with very different demands. Given the relatively short time since the publication of that original position stand, it is with great pleasure that we are able to co-edit this special issue of 19 scientific articles on evidencebased classification in Para sports. Ten years ago the existence of such a special issue could not have been envisaged, and indeed, would not have been possible without significant, dedicated contributions from the whole Movement: the IPC and its member organisations, Para athletes, coaches, classifiers, and the scientific community who have produced the research. The body of research presented in this special issue of the Journal of Sports Sciences has a number of striking features. It has remarkable breadth, covering evidence-based classification for athletes with physical, intellectual, and vision impairment. And, as we are about to explain, the research papers cover not only each of the steps required in the development of a sport-specific system of classification, but have begun to address issues relevant to the effective implementation of those new systems. Overall, this body of research materially demonstrates that the Movement is progressing to the point where classification decisions will not only be valid and reliable, but also transparent and defensible. Classifying classification research


The Social Market Foundation has conducted a telephone omnibus survey in England to determine the public's views on local and national healthcare strategies. Here, Steve Chaplin presents the findings of the survey and their implications for policy makers. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd


capital (no. 247) are listed as miscellaneous, and not with the building stones, where Corinthian capital no. 220 is listed. Wright describes the type of stone used, but Phillips does not. Twenty of the sculptures are illustrated by plates, using much stronger lighting than in the 1922 edition. This is not always an advantage. Some pieces certainly benefit from the enhanced relief, such as the Mother Goddess (no. 183). Others, however, like the cuirass statue from Old Carlisle (no. 238), lose some detail of the drapery or features formerly clearer in the softer lighting or now obscured in the shadow. The plate chosen to illustrate the head of Hercules (no. 177) does not demonstrate whether he does have a lion-skin on his head, and it is unfortunate that the cutting too short of plate X has caused the woman with fan and her child from Carlisle, whose feet are in any event missing, to suffer re-amputation. The thirteen indexes will be found particularly useful. They follow the form of Wright and Richmond's catalogue of the Grosvenor Museum, Chester's similar collection (1955), including nomina and cognomina, emperors, military units, deities and a list of modern sites. The bracketed 1922 catalogue numbers which follow entries 195 and 196 should be transposed. One should not complain too much that more illustrations of the sculptures were not included, though it is a pity that printing costs must have imposed this restraint. The book is rather tightly bound and will not stay open at the chosen page, which is irritating. These are not major criticisms. Carlisle Museum and the authors are to be thanked for producing a catalogue which it is very useful to have. We could do with more like it.


Employees are foundation of company. Company needs high motivation employee. Job satisfaction is needed for optimal performance. The goal of this research to investigate the impact of motivation toward employee performance, job satisfaction toward employee performance, job satisfaction toward motivation and performance toward job satisfaction. The benefit of this research is to explain the research gab, that is not every of the job satisfaction and motivation influence performance not significantly. Hopeful this research can be a reference for another reseacher especially motivation measurement. This research uses McClelland motivation theory. This research conclude that motivation influence on employee performance, job satisfaction influence employee performance, job satisfaction influence motivation and performance influence job satisfaction significantly. The study used 74 respondents and the overall level of staff respondents were employees of Waroeng Spesial Sambal (SS) Yogyakarta. Motivation has positive effect on Employee Performance. Job satisfaction has positive influence on Employee Performance. Job satisfication has positive influence on motivation. And Employee performance has positive influence on Job satisfaction. .Keywords: [ motivation, job satisfaction, employee' performance]


In this paper, we define a renormalized dissipative measure-valued (rDMV) solution of the compressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations with non-monotone pressure law. We prove the existence of the rDMV solutions and establish a suitable relative energy inequality. And we obtain the weak (measure-valued)-strong uniqueness property of this rDMV solution with the help of the relative energy inequality.


1) Define the changes to protective immunity among populations undergoing MDA programs (requires longitudinal cohort studies in newborn infants and in adults, identification of markers of protective immunity [sterile and concomitant], and parallel observations in experimental animal models), 2) Assess the impact of MDA-induced alteration of antifilarial immunity on efficacy of routine vaccines and on co-infections with other helminths, malaria, TB, and HIV/ AIDS, 3) Work towards an LF vaccine (as a tool for use post-2010) through a) identification and production of protective antigens, b) identification of the mechanisms underlying protective immunity, c) "piggy-backing" observations on the anti-hookworm vaccine currently under development.


This study has been conducted to analyze the effects of turning the Inconel X-750 superalloy, which is a member of nickel-based superalloy family that is frequently preferred in aerospace and nucle...


My identical twin aunts, Olive and Phyllis, had never been parted. They served together in the Auxiliary Territorial Service during the war and, later in life, shared a cottage in Dorset with Olive's husband Gerry. Olive was 20 minutes older than her sister.


LÜTTGE U. 2000. Light-stress and crassulacean acid metabolism. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 40 (3): (65) (82). Environmental cues driving the evolution and diversification of plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) are widely accepted to have been primarily CO2 (HCO3") supply and subsequently H2O supply. Light-stress is largely considered to act via amplification of water stress. Can light-stress per se affect CAM? CAM plants show various ways of acclimation to high light. In the field sun exposed CAM plants (e.g. rosettes of bromeliads, Aloe; Kalanchoe species) often respond with changes of pigmentation from dark green to strongly red or yellow. Changes in xanthophyll-cycle capacity serving thermal dissipation of excess photosynthetic excitation energy have been shown. Acclimation often seems to be strongly related to N-nutrition. CAM plants are known to be subject to acute and chronic photoinhibition. This was mostly related to phases when they perform C3-photosynthesis, i.e. in the early morning (phase II) and especially in the afternoon (phase IV). High internal CO2 concentrations generated during the day by malic-acid remobilization and decarboxylation (phase III) have been widely taken as a protective mechanism feeding photochemical energy dissipation, and thus, avoiding photoinhibition. However, high rates of nascent oxygen evolution occur simultaneously, and indeed, phase III-photoinhibition is in fact observed both in the field and in phytotrons even if water is sufficiently available. A considerable number of C3/CAM-intermediate species are known. Especially in the genus Clusia an extraordinary plasticity of C3-CAM-C3 changes can be observed. It was shown, that this plasticity supports rapid responses to changing light intensities, where xanthophyll cycle and CAM-induction (phase III CO2-concentrating mechanism) add to control of high-irradiance stress. CAM may be not so much an adaptation to very severe single-factor stress but by flexibility and plasticity it appears to be an ideal adaptation to variable and multi-factor stress, where CO2, H2O and light appear to be major control parameters but light may also act as decisive factor depending on parameter constellations.


The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a major challenge to delivering large molecules to study and treat the central nervous system (CNS). This is due in part to the scarcity of effective targets for BBB crossing, the identification of which is the crucial first step of drug development. Here, we leveraged a panel of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) previously identified through directed evolution for improved BBB transport to reverse engineer protein targets for enhanced BBB crossing. We identify both murine-restricted Ly6c1 and primate-conserved carbonic anhydrase IV (Car4; CA4) as novel receptors for crossing the BBB. We demonstrate how these receptors can unlock new experimental and computational target-focused engineering strategies by creating the enhanced Ly6c1-binding vector AAV-PHP.eC and by applying AlphaFold2-enabled in silico methods to rank capsids against identified receptors and generate capsid-receptor binding models. Here, with Car4, we add a completely new receptor to the very short list currently available for crossing the BBB in humans and, with Ly6c1, we validate a pipeline for receptor-targeted engineering. The identification of Car4/CA4 and structural insights from computational modeling provide new paths toward human brain-penetrant chemicals (drugs) and biologicals (including gene delivery).


Background: Pulmonary Embolism PE is a potentially fatal disorder and the third most common acute cardiovascular disease, after myocardial infarction and stroke. In current clinical practice Lung Ventilation / Perfusion Scintigraphy is mainly used to exclude PE andComputed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography CTPA has now been widely accepted as the standard test for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary emboli. Aim of work: to compare the performance of dual energycomputed tomography lung perfusion and ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy in the detection of pulmonary embolism.Patients and Methods: Twenty-six patients with suspected acute pulmonary thromboembolism underwent both DECT and SPECT V/Q scanning. Nine of these patients were females and 17 were males. Average age of the patients was 55.2 years. The diagnostic value of DECT lung perfusion imaging was assessed regarding V/Q SPECT as standard of reference. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated per patient and per segment using standard contingency tables. Chi-square testand Receiver operating characteristic curve were to assess sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy taking SPECT as a gold standard. Results: acute PE was diagnosed in 19 patients based on DECT findings and in 16 patients based on nuclear medicine findings. Concordant positive diagnoses were made in 16 patients. Two patients had segmental and subsegmental perfusion defect in both imaging modalities. Due to a correlative ventilation defect (matched V/Q SPECT), this finding was rated as being consistent with prior PE in nuclear medicine imaging. However, CTPA findings suggested acute PE due to an intraluminal filling defect in the supplying segmentalartery that showed a typical configuration of a recently developed embolus.One patient result was false negative with homogeneous perfusion in both DE iodine mapping and SPECT, there was nonocclusive embolus at the segmental level outlined by contrast material. Seven cases showed negative diagnoses, i.e. no evidence of PE. Sensitivity/specificity for the detection of perfusion defects were thus 82.9% and 100% by DECT iodine perfusion mapping per segment andcombined DE-CTPA had a sensitivity/specificity of 100%/100% for detection of acute PE per patient. Conclusion: DECT is the test of choice for the evaluation of suspected PE due to its availability, speed, high accuracy, and ability to identify alternative diagnoses.


The objective of this study is to identify the factors that need to be improved in the existing regulatory framework with respect to regulation of investments at the power distribution level. The study was initiated by the World Bank to inform the thinking of Public Services Regulatory Commission (PSRC) on further improvements that may be required in the process of preparation, review and approval of investments for power distribution company and some other incremental improvements in the regulatory framework for the power distribution. The primary aim of those improvements is to increase the efficiency of investments and clearly link those to the quality of electricity service for consumers. This link is currently not well-established, and the investment program submitted by the power distribution company does not clearly justify the relevant investments by the quantitative targets of electricity supply improvements. Additionally, there are some other inefficiencies in regulatory framework and end-user tariff structure. The study focuses exclusively on the investment planning, review, and approval issues related to power distribution company.


The utility model provides a constant force output air floating device with an air storage sleeve. The constant force output air floating device comprises a cylinder barrel, a piston, an output shaft, the air storage sleeve and an air pressure press plate, wherein the air storage sleeve is arranged outside the cylinder barrel in a sleeved mode,,an air storage cavity is formed by the air storage sleeve and the cylinder barrel, and the piston is sleeved with the cylinder barrel and connected with the output shaft; the cylinder barrel comprises a section of cylinder barrel seal end, the output shaft penetrates through the cylinder barrel seal end, a very small gap is formed between the output shaft and the inner wall of the cylinder barrel seal end, and a bottom cover is installed at the other end of the cylinder barrel; the air pressure press plate is sleeved with the cylinder barrel, and a force sensor is installed below the air pressure press plate; first radial-direction throttling holes are formed in the piston in the circumferential direction, and a first pressure relief groove is formed in the piston; second radial-direction throttling holes are evenly formed in the cylinder barrel seal end in the circumferential direction, an air outlet is formed in the portion, close to the seal end, of the cylinder barrel, and an air storage air inlet is formed in the air storage sleeve and connected with a proportional valve through an air pipe. The constant force output air floating device can achieve constant force output, and is simple in structure, high in accuracy and good in stability.


Spatial cognition is considered an essential survival tool as it allows an animal to navigate through complex natural environments. It permits efficient passage between feeding grounds, hiding places and sleeping areas, and thus provides the animal with a distinct evolutionary advantage. The navigational behaviour of mammals and birds is well understood, and a number of possible strategies have been demonstrated – these include beacon learning, path integration and the use of a cognitive map. The use of cognitive maps – orientation based on the configuration of distal landmarks – is commonly seen in mammals and in birds. The hippocampus is thought to play a critical role in this behaviour. Reptiles and amphibians do not possess a hippocampus; it has been suggested that they have brain areas that serve a similar function, however there is almost no behavioural evidence to support this. It is thus important to examine reptilian and amphibian spatial learning abilities in light of what is known about mammals and birds. This talk summarizes some of our recent research on spatial behaviour in reptiles and amphibians from both a comparative perspective and in terms of the problems experienced in their natural environment. The importance of the study of reptile and amphibian cognition for our understanding of cognitive evolution, welfare and conservation will also be considered.


Through combining the specific condition of the first-phase project of the constructing Chengdu Metro Line 1,and using the method combined with qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis,the paper dissertates the estimation model of the social and economic benefits that can be quantitatively calculated,and briefly illuminates the social and economic benefits that cannot be quantitatively calculated,the essay also tries to make logical estimation and analysis on the contribution of urban rail transit to the national economy,and provides reference for the investment decisions of urban rail transit projects.


Objective To compare he effectiveness and safety of clinical anesthesia at combination with Propofol and it alone used to painless gastroscopy and enteroscopy. Methods 300 patients received painless gastroscopy and enteroscopy were randomly divided info 3 groups: Propofol alone (p control group);combition of Propfol and Fentanyl (PF group) was given fentanyl 0.05 to 0. 1 mg intravenous and combition of Propfl and Midazolam(PM group) was given Midazolam (0.1 mg/kg). then Propofol was given for all groups by slow infusion until without lash reflex,then began to operate ,and boosted amounts of profol according to the condition of operation . The SBP, SPO2, HR, RR in all groups before operation and during the following phase as 1, 5, 15 min after injection were determined, also the same way was used for the end of operation, the total amount of propofol in the three groups, analgesic effect,body movement,forget level after consciousness, and adverse reaction were recored. Result There was a statistical difference in The SBP, SPO2, RR of 1 and 5 min in operation is lower than before operaion, the overall amount of propofol in PF and PM group was obviously less than in P group; the incidence of body movement in PF(5%) and PM group (6%) was obviouly less than in P group(13%), the incidence of respiratory inhibition (SPO2 90%)were respectively 12%(PF group ), 11%(PM group) and 11%(P group) without a significant difference. Conclusion The combination of two drugs(Propofol combination with Midazolam and/or Propofol), was more suitable for the checks of fibergastroscope and fibercolonoscope.


This paper discusses those early diagnosis in which a child is labeled as deficient and the difficulties that adolescents have to face when they reach such a critical stage of their lives burdened by such labels as being "syndromes" or "disorders". Such stigmata will often impair the narcissistic assemblage, the relationship with the group of peers and the exogamic denouement..The subject of the adolescent crisis and the particular aspects of sexuality in such cases are also discussed. 1 Lic en Psicologia UBA. Correo electronico firstname.lastname@example.com


Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of pleural cavity closed drainage of tuberculous pleural cavity when injected into different drugs on tuberculous empyema in order to explore the ideal method. Methods The patients with tuberculous empyema were randomly divided into 2 groups: in group A(central venous catheter into the pleural cavity pleural drainage and intrapleural urokinase in France), 32 patients were treated by central venous catheter drainage of pleural fluid into the pleural cavity, daily injection of urokinase through the drainage tube;in group B(central venous catheter drainage of the pleural cavity into intrapleural isoniazid plus method), 32 patients were treated by central venous catheter drainage of pleural cavity pleural effusion, the daily drainage tube into the isoniazid.The patients in both groups were treated by chemotherapy with 2HREZ/10HR. The therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results There were significant differences in effective rate and total effective rate at 2,12 months between the two groups(P0.05). The therapeutic effect in group A was superior to that in group B.Conclusion The pleural cavity with a central venous catheter placement plus injection of urokinase for the treatment of tuberculous empyema is an ideal method.


In 1904 Charles Werckle, the French-Costa Rican gardener and collector, sent a depauperate specimen of Neurocallis praestantissima (Bory) Fee to Hermann Christ, who was then working on the Filicales for Durand and Pittier's "Primitiae Florae Costaricensis." Christ described the fern as a new species, Pteris macrodictya (Bull. Herb. Boiss. II, 7: 267. 1907), and related it to P. haenkeana Presl and to P. podophylla Swartz. He remarked that although the specimen was sterile and fragmentary, the uniqueness of the new species laid in the entire margins, coarsely reticulate venation, and herbaceous texture of the pinnae, and in the general resemblance of the plant to Hemidictyum marginatum Presl, a set of characters not found in any of the known species of Pteris. Two months later, in his "Appendice aux Primitiae Costaricensis Filic. V." (Bull Herb. Boiss. II, 7: 585. 1907), Christ corrected his earlier publication and recognized that the Werckle collection was actually the first continental record of N. praestantissima, described from the West Indies in 1845. This emendation was overlooked by Scamman (Rhodora 63: 205. 1961), who supposed that P. macrodictya Christ was P. grandifolia L. J. G. Baker made the same mistake as Christ did when he described and illustrated Pteris dominicensis Baker in Hooker (Ic. P1. 3: 1642. 1886), an error later corrected by Jenman (Ferns Brit. West Ind. & Guian. [Misc. Inf. Bot. Dept. Trinidad 23] 118. 1900). After the collection by Werckle, who as usual did not cite a locality for his plant, Neurocallis was never again reported for Costa Rica. But during a recent field trip to Patillo, in the mountains ENE of Tapantl, Prov. Cartago, I located a large population of this fern (G6mez & Kennedy 3345, CR). The specimens were collected in a dense rain forest, where several species of Bolbitis, Cyathea, Diplazium, and Thelypteris were abundant.


Readily available D-erythro-azidosphingosine is transformed into 3-O-silyl-protected derivative 6. Reduction of the azido group afforded 3-O-silyl-protected sphingosine 7 which was either converted into N-Fmoc-protected derivative 8 or via N-acylation into ceramide derivatives 16 and 17, respectively. Treatment of 6, 8, and 16 with bis(2-cyanoethoxy)(diiso-propylamino)phosphane as monofunctional phosphitylating agent, subsequent oxidation and then removal of the protective groups furnished azidosphingosine-1-phosphate (11), sphingosine-1-phosphate (2), and ceramide-1-phosphate (4), respectively. Treatment of 8 and 17 with bis(diisopropyl-amino)(2-cyanoethoxy)phosphane as bifunctional phosphitylating agent and then with choline afforded after oxidation and subsequent deprotection lysosphingomyelin (3) and sphingomeylin (1), respectively in high overall yields. All final products are stereochemically pure and possess D-er-ythro configuration in the sphingosine moiety.


This paper looks into phase plane behavior of the solution near the positive steady-state for the system with prey density dependent response functions. The positive invariance and boundedness property of the solution to the objective model are proved. The existence result of a positive steady-state and asymptotic analysis near the positive constant equilibrium for the objective system are of interest. The results of phase plane analysis for the system are proved by observing the asymptotic properties of the solutions. Also some numerical analysis results for the behaviors of the solutions in time are provided.


Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common form of polycystic kidney diseases, which are genetic disorders characterized by the abnormal growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. ADPKD is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal failure. It results from mutations in two genes, PKD1 and PKD2, with PKD1 mutations accounting for more than 80% of cases. Currently, there is no cure for ADPKD and traditional treatments have been supportive, aimed at ameliorating associated symptoms and complications. However, the advances in understanding the pathophysiology of this disease will lead to more targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent cyst formation.


This theses deals with the experimental study results of the low-intensity ionizing radiation influence on the temperature sensors DS18B20 measurement error at the absorbed doses in the range 0-400 Gy under gamma radiation with a dose rate 4.10 Gy/s. The measurement error was determined by the difference between the temperature values of irradiated sensors and non-irradiated control sensor. It was found that temperature measurement errors corresponding to the temperature sensors working range limit values are characterized by a larger spread in values for various sensors and nonmonotone measurement error dependence on the absorbed dose.


Providing a hand-held polishing apparatus for polishing an optical fiber connector. Optical fiber connector attached to an end portion of the optical fiber includes a connector housing and ferrule. The polishing apparatus has a connector mount for receiving and holding the optical connector such that the end face of the ferrule is positioned adjacent the polishing media. The polishing apparatus includes a housing having an upper portion and a bottom portion, a drive assembly, and a lubricant distribution system. Drive assembly controls the linear motion of the orbital motion and a polishing medium of the optical connector through the polishing apparatus, the lubricant dispensing system lubrication in the vicinity of the end face of the ferrule of the optical connector in the polishing medium from the internal reservoir disposed within the housing agent supply the. .FIELD 1A


We study the polarized radio emission from young Type Ia supernova remnants by means of three-dimensional numerical MHD simulations and the assumption of relativistic electron distribution related to magnetic field energy density. In our simulations, the turbulent component of background plasma is taken into account by introducing a 3D Kolmogorov-like power spectrum. The simulation results indicate (i) the different orientations of the interstellar magnetic field around SNRs and lines of sight could produce different polarized radio emission shells, (ii) the fraction of polarization may be decreased through integrating the synchrotron emissivities along the line of sight, which is mainly due to the emission from the strong turbulent and disordered region of the magnetic field, and (iii) the total intensity is strong in some regions where the polarization degree is low.


A comparison is made of the high-speed(2000 fps)photographic records in rocket-triggered negative lightning between two techniques.The analysis shows that:the initial speed of upward positive leader (UPL)in altitude-triggered negative lightning(ATNL)is about one order of magnitude less than that in classically triggered negative lightning(CTNL),while the triggering height of ATNL is higher than that of CTNL;the afterglow time of metal-vaporized part of the lightning channel can endure for about 160-170 ms,thus the luminosity of the air-ionized part can reflect the characteristics of the current in the lightning channel better than that of the metal-vaporized part.According to the different characteristics of the luminosity change of the lightning channel,together with the observation of the electric field changes,three kinds of processes after return-stroke(RS)can be distinguished:the continuous decaying type without M component,the isolated type and the continuing type with M component,corresponding to different wave shapes of the continuous current.The geometric mean of the interval of RS with M component is 77 ms, longer than that(37 ms)of RS without M component.And the initial continuous current(ICC)with M component also has a longer duration compared to the ICC without M component.The distinction in the relative luminosity between the lightning channel before RS and that before M component is obvious:the former is very weak or even cannot be observed,while the latter is still considerably luminous.


Objective To assess changes in metabolic risk factors and cancer-related growth factors associated with short-term abstinence from alcohol. Design Prospective, observational study. Setting Single tertiary centre. Participants Healthy subjects were recruited based on intention to: (1) abstain from alcohol for 1 month (abstinence group), or (2) continue to drink alcohol (control group). Inclusion criteria were baseline alcohol consumption >64 g/week (men) or >48 g/week (women). Exclusion criteria were known liver disease or alcohol dependence. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was change in insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) score). Secondary outcomes were changes in weight, blood pressure (BP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and liver function tests. Primary and secondary outcomes were adjusted for changes in diet, exercise and cigarette smoking. Results The abstinence group comprised 94 participants (mean age 45.5 years, SD ±1.2) and the control group 47 participants (mean age 48.7 years, SD ±1.8). Baseline alcohol consumption in the abstinence group was 258.2 g/week, SD ±9.4, and in the control group 233.8 g, SD ±19.0. Significant reductions from baseline in the abstinence group (all p<0.001) were found in: HOMA score (−25.9%, IQR −48.6% to +0.3%), systolic BP (−6.6%, IQR −11.8% to 0.0%), diastolic BP (−6.3%, IQR −14.1% to +1.3%), weight (−1.5%, IQR −2.9% to −0.4%), VEGF (−41.8%, IQR −64.9% to −17.9%) and EGF (−73.9%, IQR −86.1% to −36.4%). None of these changes were associated with changes in diet, exercise or cigarette smoking. No significant changes from baseline in primary or secondary outcomes were noted in the control group. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that abstinence from alcohol in moderate–heavy drinkers improves insulin resistance, weight, BP and cancer-related growth factors. These data support an independent association of alcohol consumption with cancer risk, and suggest an increased risk of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease.


The invention discloses an air cushion matrix conveying system with the obstacle crossing function. The air cushion matrix conveying system comprises a conveying platform. A plurality of row air cushion generators are arranged on the conveying platform. A plurality of lines of air cushion generators are arranged in each row. The row air cushion generators are all connected with an air inflating hole. The air inflating hole is connected with an air inflating device such as compressed air. The bottoms of the row air cushion generator are all provided with air outlets. Each row of the row air cushion generator is provided with an air cushion generator inflation control valve and an electronic obstacle induction device. The air cushion matrix conveying system has the advantages that conveying is not influenced due to the change of terrain in the conveying process; the air cushion matrix conveying system can cross obstacles in front of the system, and detouring is not needed, so that conveying time is greatly shortened and the manpower and material resources are greatly saved; the bearing capacity is large, and thus the working difficulty is lowered and the workload is reduced; the working efficiency is improved, the structure is simple and the air cushion matrix conveying system is convenient to use.


Objective To study the radiotherapy and prognosis of early e soph ageal carcinoma diagnosed by endoscopy. Methods From June 1997 to November 2002, late course accelerated hyperfraction radiotherapy (LCAFR) was used for 17 pati ents with early esophageal carcinoma diagnosed by endoscopy using Lugol's soluti on and proved by histopathology. Radiotherapy was: 2.0?Gy/f, 5 times a week, to 3 0?Gy/15f/3wk, followed by 1.5?Gy/f bid with an interval 6?h, to 20- 24?Gy/14-16f/9-1 0days. Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank method were used in the statistical an a lysis. Results The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 100%, 86% and 6 6%. The 5-year survival rates were100% and 49% (P=0.111) in pat ients with tumor length measured by endoscopy ≤3?cm and 5?cm. The 5-year survival rates wer e 100% and 45% (P=0.102) in patients with lesion thickness by CT≤5?mm and 5?mm. Conclusions Rout ine radiotherapy combined with late course accelerated hyperfraction radiotherap y is effective and applicable in the treatment of early esophageal carcinoma. Th e length of irradiation field should be decided by endoscopic diagnosis using Lu gol's solution.


Computer science instructors often rely on the final version of a program for assessment and feedback. This ignores the process the student used to arrive at the final program. When the instructor has the ability to observe real-time development progress of each student, they are better equipped to provide appropriate and timely feedback. CodeWave, a software program developed at the University of North Carolina Wilmington looks to alleviate these issues.
 CodeWave is a real-time, collaborative Integrated Development Environment with traditional features such as syntax highlighting and non-traditional features such as integrated messaging and logged playback. CodeWave enhances productivity by integrating many common tools students and instructors use during the programming process. Communication is effortless and allows a user to specify a point in the code as a link in the message body. Log playback provides the ability to review the entire development process. In this paper, we describe the software program we developed to enhance learning in computer science programming courses.


Surface modification of membranes is effective means to not only alleviate membrane fouling, but also realize sustainable membrane performance. Our research work focuses on studying the effect of organosilane grafting on the antifouling properties for water purification. It could therefore reveal the efficiency of negatively charged membranes to retard humic acid deposition and deal with harsher wastewater conditions. Membrane fouling became more severe with increasing concentrations of humic acid. However, the organosilane-grafted membranes with negative charges could successfully reduce flux decline and membrane fouling. Fouling resistance was improved in the presence of higher organosilane concentrations.


The present research aimed to determine the cause of a posible risk of cardiovascular disease by analysis of glucose, colesterol and triglycerides in patients 40-60 of the Neighborhood Miguel Concha Alvarez.


Abstract Drought events have critical impacts on agricultural production yet there is little consensus on how these should be measured and defined, with implications for drought research and policy. We develop a flexible rainfall-temperature drought index that captures all dry events and we classify these as Type 1 (above-average cooling degree days) and Type 2 droughts (below-average cooling degree days). Applied to a panel dataset of Indian districts over 1966–2009, Type 2 droughts are found to have negative marginal impacts comparable to those of Type 1 droughts. Irrigation more effectively reduces Type 2 drought-induced yield losses than Type 1 yield losses. Over time, Type 1 drought losses have declined while Type 2 losses have risen. Estimates of average yield losses due to Type 1 droughts are reduced by up to 27 per cent when Type 2 droughts are omitted. The associated ex-post economic costs in terms of rice production are underestimated by up to 124 per cent.


Dear Editor, We went through an article by Gurung et al (2009) on visual outcome of conventional extra-capsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation versus manual small incision cataract surgery published in the first issue of the Nep J Ophthalmology with a great interest. The study highlights the important issues on different types of cataract surgery and their advantages. The authors, however, have not mentioned about the number of surgeons involved and their level of experience in performing the cataract surgery, which could be a source of bias to come to a valid conclusion. Moreover, the small sample size of the study is a significant limitation for generalization of the findings, thereby limiting its external validity. It is a well-known fact that the site of incision can induce variable degrees of astigmatism. The precise site has also not been mentioned in this article. The corneal astigmatism is directly proportional to the cube of length of the incision and is inversely proportional to the distance the incision is placed from the limbus (Koch PS, 1991 and Koch DD, 2006). To prevent astigmatism postoperatively, the incision should be placed at the steepest meridian in eyes with preoperative astigmatism greater than 0.5 D (Koch, 2006). The follow up time was 6 to 8 weeks, which is too short to comment on the final astigmatism. The prolonged period of wound remodeling (2-3 years) has been observed in human limbal incisions (Matsumoto et al, 2001). It is not mentioned whether any sutures were applied in the SICS group. The number, length, and type of sutures also affect the final refractive error (Koch et al, 1993). We agree with the authors' view that the manual small incision cataract surgery should be the method of choice and the upcoming ophthalmologists should be trained for the same so that effective rehabilitation of the cataract patients could be achieved in the early post-operative period. outcome of conventional extra-capsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation versus manual small incision cataract surgery. Computerized video-kerato-graphic analysis of corneal topographic changes induced by sutured and un-sutured 4 mm scleral pocket incisions. Optimal incision sites to obtain an astigmatism-free cornea after cataract surgery with a 3.2 mm sutureless incision.


I wish to thank Tim Trautmann for providing extensive research assistance for this paper. For many helpful comments I thank the participants in the Workshop on Regional Economic Indicator Models, Braga, Portugal, June 1998. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia or the Federal Reserve System. Abstract When regional economists study the interaction of multi-state regions in the U.S., they typically use the regional divisions developed by the U.S. Bureau of the Census or the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The current census divisions were adopted in 1910 and divide the states into nine regional groups for the presentation of data. Since the 1950s the BEA has grouped the states into eight regions based primarily on cross-sectional similarities in their socioeconomic characteristics. The BEA definition of regions is perhaps the most frequently used grouping of states for economic analysis. Since many economic studies of regions concentrate on similarities and differences in regional business cycles, it seems appropriate to group states into regions based on some common cyclical behavior. This paper explores the possibility of grouping states into regions based on common movements in state indexes of economic activity. These state indexes are variants of the coincident index developed by James Stock and Mark Watson for the U.S. economy. We have applied cluster analysis to the monthly changes in these economic activity indexes to group the states into regions with similar business cycles. We have identified six distinct regions consisting of contiguous states with similar monthly changes in their economic activity indexes. 1 See Crone (1994). A state, of course, may include several metropolitan areas or parts of metropolitan areas. Thus, using state data for our analysis will involve combining some cohesive economies and dividing others, but there is no alternative to using state data if we wish to include the entire economies of the contiguous 48 states.


In this paper, we propose a method to estimate time and space discretization errors of a three-dimensional magnetostatic model coupled with electric circuit equations. The estimator is based on the nonverification of the constitutive relationship which requires the calculation of admissible fields. The calculation on the whole time domain is described for the A-formulation. This estimator is tested on a transformer at no load and different schemes for time discretization are studied and compared.


The Dubai World Dermatology and Laser Conference and Exhibition (Dubai Derma 2011) was recently held in the elegant city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The 3-day scientific program included condensed lectures and specialized workshops on the treatment methods for a variety of skin disorders. The conference highlights are presented here, along with the accompanying exhibition for the latest on cosmetics and laser technologies.


Russia entered the negotiations seeking a " legally binding document " that would contain limits, definitions, counting rules and elimination rules that resembled those in the START Treaties. Russia also wanted the new Treaty to contain a statement noting U.S. missile defenses would not undermine the effectiveness of Russia's offensive forces. The United States preferred a less formal process in which the two nations would state their intentions to reduce their nuclear forces, possibly accompanied by a document outlining added monitoring and transparency measures. Furthermore, the United States had no intention of including restrictions on missile defenses in an agreement outlining reductions in strategic offensive nuclear weapons. Russia convinced the United States to sign a legally binding treaty, but the United States rejected any limits and counting rules that would require the elimination of delivery vehicles and warheads removed from service. It wanted the flexibility to reduce its forces at its own pace, and to restore warheads to deployed forces if conditions warranted. The Treaty contains four substantive Articles. The first limits each side to 1,700-2,200 strategic nuclear warheads, but states that the parties can determine the structure of their forces themselves. The second states that START I remains in force; the parties can use that Treaty's verification regime to monitor reductions under the new Treaty. The third established a bilateral implementation commission and the fourth sets December 31, 2012, for the Treaty's expiration and notes that either party can withdraw on three months notice. Under the new Treaty, the United States is likely to retain most of the delivery vehicles planned for START II, which would have limited each side to 3,500 warheads. But the United States will remove additional warheads from deployed forces and leave out of its tally warheads that could be deployed on systems in overhaul or assigned to conventional missions. Russia is likely to eliminate many of its existing ballistic missiles and submarines, retaining perhaps a few hundred multiple warhead ICBMs and fewer than 10 ballistic missile submarines. According to official and unofficial reports, both sides have implemented the Treaty smoothly. However, they have not held all the planned consultations, as there has been little to discuss. Instead, the two nations have begun to hold discussions about the planned 2009 demise of the START Treaty, which contains monitoring provisions that aid with verification of the Moscow Treaty. Russia has suggested that the two sides replace …


Modern society needs constructive criticism forms aimed at improvement of social system, but not on its destruction. Thus, modern individual, being the subject of social relations, has to possess a certain "freedom from society" degree, an opportunity to make own vital choice based on personal independent thinking, strive to objectivity in judgments which is impossible in the absence of ability to think critically. The critical thinking helps to reveal logical and semantic mistakes, to distinguish the facts from fiction, to give an event assessment, to see relationships of cause and effect, to change the position on the basis of arguments. On the basis of critical thinking the personality consciously defines the place and a role in system of the social relations, gives an assessment to fundamental social norms and values. Besides, the cognitive basis of personality self-identification, critical thinking is also the basic element of innovative thinking type and generation of necessary conditions for creating innovative social environment. The critical thinking is responsible for independent receiving new knowledge, their system organization and conscious process of a choice between the available alternatives that directly reflects a set of key competences which an "innovative person" has to own. Innovative thinking and innovative activity based on it, in turn, represent one of social transformations' adaptation strategies. The transition to innovative development is an important goal for the Russian society. This goal should be achieved with the help of professional education institutions, thanks to which trainees form the demand and striving for more, new abilities and skills of independent critical thinking. The education system in general both in the contents and in methods has to be directed on formation and development of the skills and competences necessary for innovative activity. "Innovative education" as a peculiar intelligent tool or technology, provides stability of process of creating innovations.


For several medical fields such as pediatrics, orthodontics, etc, the assessment of a patient's bone age is of fundamental importance to complement the necessary information for a diagnosis. The most effective method for skeletal age assessment is proposed by Tanner and Whitehouse (TW), which is up to five times more accurate than other methods used by most medical professionals. Despite being more efficient, the TW method is not widely used, because its manual application is considered complicated by many medical professionals. This work shows the possibility of automating the TW method, and how this automation can contribute to increasing its utilization. The algorithm described in this work uses thresholding and histogram analysis to localize the fingers in a hand radiograph. After localizing the fingers, the algorithm uses Active Shape Models (ASM) for localizing and segmenting epiphyses in the fingers. Epiphyses are some of the regions of interest (ROI) used in bone age assessment. The ASM models also align the segmented epiphyses with reference images and compare them. This comparison classifies the epiphyses according to their skeletal maturity stage. The proposed methods have been tested on 237 hand radiographs obtained from Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia. The results showed that 76.79% of the images were assigned the correct stage, and 98.73% of the epiphyses were classified correctly or lie within one stage of its correct classification.


Approximately 6,500 people drown in the United States each year. Nearly 50,000 of the estimated 500,000 annual near-drowning victims seek medical attention. Near-drowning is most common among children, young adults, blacks, males, and in the southern states. Risk factors for near-drowning include ethanol use, drugs, seizures, boating accidents, water sports, inadequate supervision of children, and voluntary hyperventilation. Alcohol use alone is associated with 37 to 47% of these cases. Although anoxia and hypothermia produce the major pathological changes associated with the morbidity of near-drowning, hypothermia may paradoxically exert a protective effect in some cases and is associated with most of the spectacular long term survivals. There is almost no difference in the clinical presentation of freshwater and saltwater near-drowning. Both situations often involve hypothermia, anoxic injury due to cardiac arrest, and the frequent progression to the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Basic principles of management include the immediate institution of cardiopulmonary resuscitation; aggressive rewarming, preferably with cardiopulmonary bypass; continuation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation at least until the patient has been effectively rewarmed; and appropriate supportive care if the patient develops the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Cerebral salvage techniques have not been proved to be beneficial in these patients.


The structural determination of interacting proteins, both as individual proteins and in their complex, complemented by thermodynamical studies are vital in order to gain in-depth insights of the p ...


Exposure to high-energy neutrons, protons and HZE particles during a deep space mission, needs an efficient protection against the detrimental effects of space radiation. Recent findings concerning the induction of adaptive response by neutrons and high cumulative doses of gamma radiation in human cells have opened a new horizon for possible implications of adaptive response in radiation protection and especially in protection against detrimental effects of high levels of radiation during a long-term space journey. We demonstrated significant adaptive response in humans after exposure to high levels of natural radiation. Individuals whose cumulative radiation doses were up to 950 mSv, showed a significant adaptive response after exposure to 1.5 Gy gamma radiation. These doses are much lower than those received by astronauts during a sixmonth space mission. Screening the adaptive response of candidates for long-term space missions will help scientists identify individuals who not only show low radiation susceptibility but also demonstrate a high magnitude of radioadaptive response. In selected individuals, chronic exposure to elevated levels of space radiation during a long-term mission can considerably decrease their radiation susceptibility and protect them against the unpredictable exposure to relatively high radiation levels due to solar activity.


tants of Teotihuacan will probably be only partially successful since that city probably contained several linguistically and culturally diverse elements. His acceptance of the Spinden correlation and attempts to demonstrate it are of considerable interest in the light of the continued viability of the Thompson correlation. The archaeological data suggesting that the historic Pipils used a pseudo-Archaic pottery throughout their entire area seem convincing; however, the complementary suggestion that the Valley of Mexico Archaic pottery is chronologically coeval with Teotihuacan is hard to take seriously. The attempt to equate the makers of this latter kind of pottery with speakers of Nahua is insufficiently documented and presupposes a one-f or-one correlation between language and pottery which is a priori unlikely. In sum, both as a contribution of new data and as a source of ideas, Girard's contribution must be studied by serious students of the Maya. Inadequacies of analysis are counterbalanced by originality. Disconcerting as Girard's unique perspective sometimes is, it helps throw light on Mayan patterns of thinking.


The purpose of this study were to investigate opinions on the contents and method of the educational public information of food sanitation, to enrich education of food sanitation for consumer. Data of questionnaires were collected from 78 consumer protection association and 66 food industrial company. The results of the study were summarized as follows; The educational public contents of food sanitation appropriated is remarked as a basic knowledge in a safety of food (an additive, an agricultural medicines) and in nutrition and sanitation. The effective method of public information is suggested as a TV, Radio, utilization of periodicals and pamphlet. The crucial problem of the imported food surveyed in the consumer protection association is an agricultural medicines and a heavy metal. In the food industrial company, it is remarked that the problem occurs in deposit and storage of food from the standpoint of sanitation. Finally, improvement of sanitary condition in food selling place is suggested.


Organic intermediates play an important role in synthetic transformations but their high reactivity can make them difficult to control. Brønsted HA, a chiral catalyst, applied in a solution of starting material results in formation of highly reactive Nacyl iminium ions that pair with the chiral conjugate base of HA. This pairing of the intermediates enables highly enantioselective irreversible cyclization.


There is a dearth of literature dedicated to specifically evaluating the use of free flap reconstruction in pediatric lower extremity traumas. This study aims to identify specific risk factors for flap failure in pediatric lower extremity trauma reconstruction.


This study aimed to investigate the incidence and associated predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) among pregnant women infected with syphilis.


We present a case of acute abdomen due to a jejunal perforation. The final diagnosis was concluded a multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. In the literature reviewed, no similar clinical presentation was found. We review the diagnostic sequence and the management of these patients.


We provide a complete experimental and numerical investigation of nonlinear beam propagation in a carbon disulfide liquid-filled Kerr slab waveguide using picosecond pulsed light. A first spatial analysis shows the generation of a multicolor solitary wave through the combined effects of cascaded Raman scattering and cross-phase modulation. The impact of temporal effects on this self-trapped optical beam is further studied through a spatiotemporal analysis. It is shown in particular how cascaded Raman slow light induces optical delays between the solitonic components which prevents higher-order spatial soliton and provides a remarkable beam stability. Experimental observations are in very good agreement with numerical simulations of the spatiotemporal (1+1D) nonlinear Schrodinger equation including the Raman scattering.


In the title compound, [Au(C8H7ClNOS)(C18H15P)], the AuI atom has a near-linear geometry, defined by an S,P-donor set [S—Au—P = 175.09 (5)°]. The proximity of the methoxy O atom to Au may be responsible for the deviation from linearity [Au⋯O = 2.959 (4) Å].


In this paper, the effects of residual frequency offset on OFDM systems are analyzed, and incorrect decision will be made due to the introduced signal constellation rotation. Kobayashi and Nikitopoulos present a method of estimating the phase rotation caused by residual frequency offset. In their work, phase error is obtained by comparing signals after frequency equalization with signals after decision, then compensates the following signals by using the estimated value of the phase rotation. The method involves two decision operations and the calculation of the quantity of every signal's phase rotation, consequently its computational complexity is high. Considering that in estimation what we need is only the phase information, we propose a method which obtains the phase rotation information from data directly by using such operations as sign inversion, real and imaginary part exchanging, accumulation and avoids two decision operations. The proposed method reduce the computational complexity without degrading the performance of the original algorithm, which is more suitable for hardware implementation. Simulation results show that the degradation of SNR caused by the residual frequency offset is not more than 0.2 dB after employing the proposed algorithm on the AWGN or SUI-2 channel.


FRANK EASTERBROOK'S paper has three main points: (a) a rationale for compensating direct purchasers, and hence implicitly ruling in favor of private suits, (b) a proposal to compensate damaged rivals by an uncertain multiple, but only as residual claimants, and finally, (c) a proposal for a minimum multiplier of 1.5. I discuss them in order. a) Easterbrook maintains that compensation to buyers can be calculated so as to avoid their taking excessive precautions. Because the social cost of monopoly is the substitution away from the monopolized good, compensation to buyers may reduce the cost of monopolization. Because in most cases the buyer is not sure of receiving the appropriate compensation, Easterbrook proposes a multiplier equal to the inverse of the probability that the case will be filed and decided in the buyer's favor. Thus, if the probability of a plaintiff's receiving compensation is 0.33, then the multiplier should be 3. This proposal will work only in some special circumstances. In most cases a buyer sees a price increase. Its extent of substitution will depend on whether it believes the price change to be permanent or transitory. If it is transitory the extent of substitution away from the good will be very limited. A purchaser may try to find out whether the price increase was the result of the formation of a cartel. Since cartels do not form randomly but respond to some exogenous shocks, the purchaser will usually not be able to disentangle the price effect of the exogenous shock from that of the cartel formation. Thus, observing a price increase, the purchaser will assess a low probability that it was the result of a cartel. If, however, the purchaser knows for sure that the price increase is the result of a cartel, it may either sue or not. If it files suit, it thinks it will get with certainty three times the overcharge. It is with certainty that it will receive the compensation because the purchaser is sure that the price increase is the result of the formation of the cartel. If the purchaser does


The relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome was uncertain today. In the past, researchers studying the pregnancy outcome of IVF, mainly base on fresh embryo transplantation cycle, recently, cumulative live birth rate was consider as a new indicator of IVF successful rate which is used to evaluate the pregnancy outcome by fresh or thawed transferred embryos until live birth or use up all embryos in one oocyte collection cycle, is more comprehensive. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation and cumulative live birth rate. 1019 couples who were assisted by IVF in our center from Jan 2012 to Dec 2016 were studied according to inclusive criteria, and divided into four groups by DNA fragmentation index (DFI), which were determined by sperm chrome structure assay (SCSA), then the fertilization rate, No. of Embryo available and cumulative live birth rate between the groups were analyzed. Cumulative live birth curve was plotted to study the time to reach live birth, and Cox regression model was used in order to find out the factors affecting pregnancy outcome. Study results showed no significant difference in cumulative live birth rate between the four groups, but DFI ≥40% group were significantly lower than the other three groups. In the cumulative live birth curve figure, except the high DFI group, the curve of the other three groups is relatively close. Cox regression model suggest that DFI was not the main factor affecting pregnancy outcome. Further studies in these patients with oligozoospermia showed that when DFI increase, a decrease trend was appeared in cumulative live birth rate, and spend more time to reach live birth studied by the live birth curve. Cox model showed that DFI was the impact factor of pregnancy outcome in oligozoospermia patients. In conclusion, abnormal sperm DNA fragmentation have a negative impact on cumulative live birth rate in patients with oligozoospermia, but further research was still needed.


Before a Vancouver, British Columbia courthouse, on a cool mid-winter day in February of 2001, the forces of anti-globalization arrayed themselves to protest outside the judicial review proceedings of the North American Free Trade Agreement1 ("NAFTA") Chapter 11 case Metalclad v Mexico.2 One activist told a reporter, "This case highlights how an international trade agreement like NAFTA threatens democracy."3 The public interest in the Metalclad arbitration makes it clear that NAFTA Chapter 11 will continue to be the poster child for civil society activists in their anti-free trade attacks. Days later, before a joint session of the Canadian Senate and Parliament, British Prime Minister Tony Blair made an impassioned plea for rational argument in the globalization debate. Blair told Parliament: I think it is time we started to argue vigorously and clearly as to why free trade is right. It is the key to jobs for our people, to prosperity, and actually to development in the poorest parts of the world. The case against it is misguided, and worse, unfair, and however sincere the protests they cannot be allowed to stand in the way of rational argument. We should start to make this case with force and determination.4 The success of the anti-Multi-Lateral Agreement on Investment. ("MAI") forces in the spring of 1998, and the events of Seattle in December 1999, have emboldened anti-free traders and arguably forced the debate to a level of hyperbole that has made Blair's appeal to reason timely. The success of anti-free trade activists has apparently spooked the Canadian government into defensive positions about their support for the promotion of international trade and investment. Canadian Trade Minister Pierre Pettigrew recently re-confirmed his "preoccupation" with Chapter 11 and the policy position that Canada will no longer include Chapter 11-like investment protection provisions in future trade agreements such as the Free Trade Area of the Americas ("FTAA").5 This political shortsightedness is evidence of governments succumbing to a Seattle induced hysteria, rather than arguing the benefits of an open trade and investment rules-based system. The story of Chicken Little6 comes to mind because, like with all children's fables, it embodies real life lessons. Just as Chicken Little sought the answer to his baseless fear in authority, by searching for the King to attend to his problems, this paper is a brief attempt to appeal to some measure of reason. The issues that have generated the most smoke, if not real heat, concerning international investment provisions like NAFTA Chapter 11 are those of expropriation and the transparency of NAFTA tribunal proceedings. A key element of the Metalclad decision that Mexico is seeking to set aside in British Columbia is the expropriation provision in NAFTA Article 1110. The question this article will try to address: is the sky falling or should we just remember to look up when we walk under acorn trees? I. NEW AND UNCERTAIN The main reason that there is a lack of understanding about NAFTA Chapter 11 and other investment treaties, such as Bilateral Investment Treaties, is that they include rather arcane substantive trade provisions developed over a hundred years of international arbitration. Novelty has also come as a result of the fact that Chapter 11 is a new remedy for investors to make claims against governments in their own names, rather than through traditional diplomatic methods and politics. This is the element of NAFTA Chapter 11 that has irritated the Canadian and US governments the most. They do not like being told that international law means something other than what politics dictates. The main response of government officials who negotiated Chapter 11, or act on the government side of disputes, is that "we did not intend NAFTA to mean that". What they are really saying is that Chapter 11 was intended to protect Canadian and US investments from arbitrary or discriminatory conduct of the Mexican government, and that Canada and the US should never attract claims. …


Decentralized control strategy is superior to centralized control strategy in improving the reliability of the control system.By introducing the decentralized control strategy and combining it with the Sliding Mode Control(SMC),an algorithm named Decentralized Sliding Mode Control(DSMC) is derived for the vibration control of tall buildings.In the approach,the building is divided into several substructures and a separate SMC algorithm is designed for each subsystem.A 20-storey benchmark building is divided into three or four substructures as an example for comparing the performance of the control algorithm.The numerical results of DSMC,which could effectively reduce structural displacement and acceleration responses,are better than those of LQR.


A photographing apparatus and a method thereof are provided to change an irradiation area of illumination light sequentially by partially irradiating the illumination light to plural different areas of a subject. A photographing apparatus comprises a photographing device(12), a light source for illumination(11), an illumination area controller, and a controller(16). The photographing device photographs an image of a subject. The light source for illumination lights the subject. The illumination area controller partially irradiates illumination light from the light source for illumination to plural different areas of the subject. An illumination area of the illumination light is sequentially changed. The controller controls the photographing device so as to photograph the image of the subject under a condition of plural lightings controlled by the illumination area controller.


Out-of-phase-mode oscillation is suppressed in a nearly resonant array of antiguides by introducing high transverse radiation losses (≈ 150 cm−1) in the interelement regions. Ten-element devices operate in the in-phase array mode, diffraction-limited up to 2.5 × threshold, and with lobe widths of 1.6 × diffraction limit at 4 × threshold (230 mW total power)


A detailed comparison of measurements and field-strength predictions in the UHF frequency range gained from 3D wave propagation models for both rural and urban areas is presented. Specifically, the authors investigated the performance of novel UTD (uniform theory of diffraction) models in both typical rural and urban areas concerning microcell and macrocell transmitter networks. The necessity of high-quality morphological and topographical data and the importance of 3D propagation analysis was demonstrated. However, even with a lower resolution of the database, good agreement in prediction of mean field strength level and probability density function is shown. The consideration of multipath propagation as well as a more accurate description of diffraction and refraction effects leads to better predictions compared with results gained from empirical or semi-empirical models.<<ETX>>


rotted by the rain, situated iv Eavoxt Lv 6o0, and the hippodrome beside it is smooth for driving (319-333). While rounding the turning-post Antilochus should assume a posture of leaning to the left, encourage and give a full rein to the horse on the right, keeping the horse on the inside as close to the stump as possible; he himself should be on guard lest the wheel touch the post and thus break the axle and harm him. Nestor ends his admonition by telling his son that if at the turning-post Antilochus overtakes the rest of the contestants, there is no man that will be able to catch him in a burst of speed (333-345).


In an electrostatic microstructure with a movable electrode supported by a cantilever beam and counter electrodes, voltage dependency of displacement of the movable electrode is studied by taking surface force into consideration. The displacement change is analyzed theoretically with the energy model which determines the stable displacement state of the movable electrode from the minimum energy state of the total energy of elastic energy, electrostatic energy and adhesion energy between two surfaces. The relation between the surface force at contact parts of the movable electrode with the counter one and a hysteresis voltage of capacitance (between the both electrodes)-voltage characteristics (C-V characteristics) was investigated and a magnitude range of the surface force in which stiction of the movable electrode occurs is derived. In an experiment which simulated electrical contacts of the electrostatic microstructure with charged objects, the surface force increased with increase of the charge amount of the object. In measurements of C-V characteristics in positive and negative voltage regions, the C-V characteristics shifted to the positive voltage region and the shift was larger in a device with larger surface oxide layer of the movable electrode. This voltage shift is thought to be caused by a positive electrical charge remaining in the oxide layer.


In the given work, results of application of hardware and software resources at lectures, practical and laboratory researches, performance of course and senior degree projects are discussed, and also, at conducting of researches during preparation of dissertations on a scientific master degree and the Candidate Technical Science (Ph. Doctor) degree.


Flame data from a near-laminar coal jet have been compared with model predictions. Inclusion of gas turbulence with laminarization was necessary for adequately predicting the upper-flame and postflame regions and for predicting particle dispersion. Dispersion of gas and particles was insensitive to inlet turbulence intensity. Gas buoyancy induced radially inward flow that opposed particle dispersion. Gas temperature was predicted too high near the coal nozzle, perhaps due to neglecting finite-rate mixing of volatiles with the bulk gas and chemical kinetics effects. Single-particle burning effects were important in the flame zone, as evidenced by the sensitivity of particle temperature to direct enthalpy feedback from volatiles combustion


A developmental-contextual approach to understanding sexuality education course content is used in this national study. Examining policy as a factor that may influence young people's environments and hence their development is an important role for developmental research. Using data from the CDC's School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) 2000 and the Alan Guttmacher Institute's State Policies in Brief Report (Alan Guttmacher Institute, 2001), three general topic areas are addressed. First, can school level be differentiated by the sexuality education topics taught at various school levels? Second, are there significant differences in state policies that regulate school-based sexuality education targeting different school levels? Third, how do state and classroom level variables conuibute to variance in the likelihood of a given topic being taught as part of school health education? The two sources of data provide a nationally representative sample of 1,201 teachers and state level data from Department of Education administrators and policies from all 50 states. These data were analyzed using stepwise discriminant analysis and Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). This study resulted in three primary findings. First, both state policies and classroom content were significantly different by school level. Second, state policy was not a good predictor of the course content being taught in the classroom. Third, teachers' desires for additional training significantly predicted the sexuality education course content taught in schools. Implications for both research and practice were discussed.


The Steinway & Sons Chinoiserie treatment can enrich the profile of any satin-finish Steinway grand piano. This delicate artistic style features whimsical imagery of Chinese landscapes and motifs.


Tobacco smoking has been directly associated with many types of cancer. Six million people die from tobacco smoking globally each year (World Health Organization, 2019), and according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, more than 600,000 patients are diagnosed with and around 350,000 patients die from tobacco-related cancers in the United States each year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). In Taiwan, an estimated 18.0%of adults smoke tobacco, which is known to negatively affect human health and to be a risk factor for cancer (Health Promotion Administration,Ministry of Health andWelfare, ROC, 2018).


This research aimed to examine the effect of Terminalia catappa extract in drinking water on Crossbred-native chicken's performance and carcass production. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design with five treatments and 5 replications (8 birds each). The samples in the present study were two hundred crossbred native chickens with an average body weight of 120.58±12.60 g. The treatments were as follows: drinking water without Terminalia catappa extract (T0); Drinking water with 1% of fresh Terminalia catappa leaf extract ten ml/1 l water (T1); Drinking water with 2% of fresh Terminalia catappa leaf extract 20 ml/1 l water (T2); Drinking water with 3% of fresh Terminalia catappa leaf extract 30 ml/1 l water (T3); Drinking water with 4% of fresh Terminalia catappa leaf extract 40 ml/1 l water (T4). Parameters observed were drinking water consumption, feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and carcass production. Results show that Terminalia catappa extract in drinking water significantly affects drinking water consumption but has no effect on other parameters. Fresh Terminalia catappa leaf extract can be used in drinking water until 4%.


The dielectric functions of microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) layers deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition have been determined by applying real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in an attempt to construct an optical database for μc-Si:H. The μc-Si:H dielectric functions have been parameterized completely by a dielectric function model that employs two Tauc-Lorentz peaks combined with one Harmonic oscillator peak. This parameterization scheme has been applied successfully to describe the structural variation from hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) to highly crystallized μc-Si:H. Moreover, to express the microstructure of μc-Si:H, the μc-Si:H structural factor κ has been defined based on the amplitude of the E2 optical transition with a critical point energy of 4.3 eV. From the value of κ, a variety of Si microstructures, including complete a-Si:H phase (κ = 0), μc-Si:H with a-Si:H-rich grain boundaries (κ ∼ 0.5), and μc-Si:H with void-rich grain boundaries (κ = 1), can be disting...


This essay introduces the 2008 Missouri Law Review symposium, "Return to Missouri v. Holland: Federalism and International Law." The foreword places the theme of the symposium in historical and theoretical context and introduces the articles by Professors Carlos Vazquez, Michael Ramsey, Edward Swaine, Peter Spiro, Paul Stephan, Julian Ku, Duncan Hollis, Paul Schiff Berman, Robert Ahdieh, and Ilya Somin, along with the keynote lecture, "The Internationalism of American Federalism, Missouri and Holland," by Professor Judith Resnik.


San Francisco's Municipal Railway is currently in the throes of implementing a new Advanced Train Control System (ATCS). Revenue Service implementation is proceeding in stages, each of increasing complexity. With ATCS, MUNI for the first time is opening a new rail extension under the safety oversight of the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). This paper presents how MUNI has defined and distilled the overall safety certification requirements into manageable deliverables for each area of responsibility, i.e.: track department; central control; vehicle maintenance, etc. Solutions2u discussed include: Convening a task force of all affected departments; tracking work via action items; defining specific deliverables, etc.


This paper explores the role of culture in the teaching of English as an international language in an Asian context. The paper opens with a description of the features of an international language. Then the author discusses how culture plays an important role in language learning in the teaching of semantics, pragmatics, and rhetoric, in the development of language materials, and in the choice of teaching methodology. Throughout the paper, the author argues that the role of culture in teaching an international language needs to be significantly different from the role of culture in teaching other languages. One of the major aims of the paper is to explore what this means for English teaching in Asian contexts. Many teachers use cultural content in their classrooms, believing that such a focus will motivate their students. However, as English assumes the role of an international language, the question of which culture to teach and how to teach it raises several important issues. In order to explore the link between culture and an international language, the paper begins with an examination of what is meant by an international language. This is followed by a consideration of the role of culture in English teaching on both a linguistic and pedagogical level. A basic assumption of the paper is that the role of culture in teaching an international language needs to be significantly different from the role of culture in teaching other languages. In order to explore the role of culture in English teaching it is necessary to begin with a


Residual stress and fatigue crack propagation behavior of the Grade A mild steel cut by plasma cutting technique for the ship structural material are evaluated by experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). After applied the loads of 0%, 50%, 80% yield strength on each plasma cutting specimen, residual stresses were gauged through the strain changes. Then, these experimental results are compared with the FEA results. Fatigue crack propagation behavior was estimated through the fatigue test performed under R=-1 and 5Hz sine wave repeated load. The constants of paris equation are found from crack growth ratio and changes of stress intensity factor.


ABSTRACT The current study explores the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on CO2 emissions in Azerbaijan utilizing time series data spanning from 1996 to 2013. The structural time series modeling (STSM) approach is employed in empirical estimations. The STSM framework allows parameters to evolve over time. Estimation results show that the coefficients of FDI and income are time-varying. The impact of FDI is positive before 2006 and negative after that year, while the income elasticity is positive for the entire period. The estimated income elasticity allows to conclude that the EKC phenomenon does not hold for the case of Azerbaijan. The different effects of FDI on CO2 emissions, possible explanations and related policy implications are discussed.


The purpose of this paper is to examine differences in factors affecting the probability of online and in-store purchase of telecommunications equipment in the Republic of Croatia. Online questionnaire survey conducted in September 2019 gathered responses that identified respondents': method of telecommunications services and equipment purchase, their information gathering tools, factors affecting respondents' telecommunications services and equipment purchasing decisions in general, and online and in-store purchasing decisions. 125 gathered responses were analysed using a binomial logistic regression. The results state that general factors incite respondents to purchase telecommunications equipment and services instore. Factors inciting online purchases are enabling factors and cause respondents to purchase telecommunications services and equipment online. Responses were further divided into subsamples depending on gender and education level. Results are consistent in tested subsamples. In the sample of male respondents, the results are consistent, while the female subsample shows does not exhibit statistically significant results. Furthermore, subsamples that allowed education level differences showed the results are supported for the subsample of respondents with higher education, and are not supported for respondents with secondary education.


The Guzman de Alfarache is a pseudo-autobiography in which a picaro tells the story of his evil life and his supposed conversion. More critics than not have dismissed the conversion as hypocritical, as Alexander Parker has pointed out, but the prevailing critical view at present accepts it as genuine. This view, expounded primarily by Moreno Baez and Alexander Parker, takes Guzman's tale at face value, and sees the novel as a working-out of orthodox Catholic doctrines concerning man and his salvation. The novel is linked by Parker to such confessional literature as Augustine's Confessions and Malon de Chaide's La conversion de la Magdalena (32, 35).


ABSTRACT A 'mobility bias' has been identified in the migration literature, whereby researchers have focused on the drivers of migration while neglecting factors that influence immobility decisions. Addressing this gap is important for developing a holistic understanding of human mobility patterns and effectively mitigating experiences of distress migration among populations experiencing marginalisation. This qualitative study explored (im)mobility aspirations and decisions among youth from two rural municipalities of Honduras. Thirty-two in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2019. Analyses were guided by the aspiration-capabilities framework. Findings revealed retain and repel factors shaping immobility aspirations among rural youth. Respondents who were practicing immobility also identified the capacity to envision viable rural livelihood options as an important precursor to actualising their immobility preferences. They described creatively applying skills, leveraging resources, and engaging with enabling institutions in order to turn immobility aspirations into capabilities. They contested scarcity narratives driving outmigration among their peers and positioned themselves as active agents of their immobility decisions, claiming dignity in their livelihood choices. These findings enrich an understanding of immobility as an agentic livelihood choice in a context with high rates of outmigration, making both empirical and theoretical contributions to the (im)mobility literature.


In congenital cardiac surgery, intracardiac repair procedures like ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrioventricular septal defect and tetralogy of fallot (TOF) are associated with conduction system injury. Fewer cases are reported describing life threatening complication of late post-operative complete heart block. We are reporting 2 patients who presented with late complete heart block after ventricular septal defect repair and managed by permanent pacemaker placement in AFIC Cath lab.


The wireless networks play major rule in networking field. Routing and mobility are the major problems in mobile ADHOC networks. These problems can be avoided using clustering based authentication of approaches. In these paper describes The implementations of secured node verification scheme that authenticates the true nodes to access network and detects attacker nodes and Q–LEACH based clustering so that external and internal attacks also avoided. Every node in the network can act like self originating nodes to their neighbors. So every node is builds its own IP address. The wireless networks is used in military application. The mobile adhoc network vulnerable nature not secures. Assign the authentication key for every node to achieve the energy saving of the battery. Therefore it is necessary to adapted Intrusion Detection System mechanism to prevent and detected the Network from attackers. In the other hand Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledgement is proposed as an IDS. In this paper a both IP-trace back with End-to-End Adaptive Acknowledgment getting acknowledgments or information in both ends.


InterCriteria Analysis (ICrA) results based on different number of objects are investigated in this paper. To evaluate the influence of the number of objects, data from parameter identification procedures of an E. coli fed-batch fermentation process model are used. Model parameters are estimated applying 100 genetic algorithms with different mutation rate values. Seven different index matrices are constructed for ICrA. The results show that the number of objects in ICrA is important for the reliability of the obtained results.


Employing a sample of 116 female entrepreneurs, this study investigated how work-family issues, including work-family conflict and enrichment, relate to their intention to grow the business that they own or co-own. Results suggest that family-to-work enrichment directly related to female entrepreneurs' business growth intentions, and important family members seems highly salient to female entrepreneurs' business growth decisions.