Epistemology addresses how we know what we know. Gregory Bateson's difference-based epistemology is simulated by a Boolean network model. This formalization has three fundamental premises. First, the map (what humans and other sentient beings know) is not the territory (that which is known); moreover, what gets onto maps from territories are differences in the territories. Second, mental process can be abstracted as a flow of differences in a richly connected network; in Boolean terms, then, James' stream of consciousness becomes a stream of 0's and 1's. This stream of differences in dynamic systems terms can be construed to be an adaptive landscape consisting of many basins of attraction, each with an attractor. Third, higher order knowledge emerges in the process of taking differences in the flow of differences (Bateson, 2000, p. 454ff). The Boolean simulation of these premises produces an emergent landscape of basins of attraction which are construed as the cyclic dynamics of mental process. In Part 1 we present an overview of how E42, our Boolean dynamic systems simulator works and how it maps to epistemology. Particularly, we define the discrete analogues to derivatives based on the XOR operator of symbolic logic which is used to define a matrix function named TAO. TAO generates derivatives expressed as TAO matrices; these TAO matrices are used to analyze the dynamics of the attractor cycles found in the basins of attraction in a Boolean (and by extension, mental) landscape. Like all derivatives, the TAO function can be applied recursively to produce higher order derivatives. In the last section of Part 1 we report the puzzling result that, when the attractor's period (in iterations) is a power of 2, higher order derivatives diminish to the 0 matrix. When the attractor's period is not a power of 2, higher order derivatives do not resolve in this way. Parts 2, 3, and 4 of this symposium will describe how this result comes in terms of symmetry theory and folding and how the explanation of this puzzling result is key to understanding how (without a homunculus) sentient beings discover new ideas that are within their structural capacity but beyond their previous experience. Part 1: Introduction to Simulation Methodology with some Puzzling Results 2 of 11 This symposium will propose one systematic framework for the nature of knowing, that is for epistemology. This framework will be based on the ecological approaches of Bateson and Gibson, on nonlinear dynamic systems models, and on symmetry theory. Our approach is presented in several interrelated parts. In Part 1 we will provide a very brief review of Boolean simulation methodology and analysis for those not familiar with our prior work. The description of our theoretical perspective will be postponed until we present an overview in Part 2; this perspective will be extended and deepened in the following parts of the symposium. For the moment let us just say that Bateson (2002) proposed that mental process is best described as a flow of differences within a system and within the subsystems that constitute the larger system. As with all flows this flow of differences is patterned. He also proposes that the meta-process of finding differences in the flow of differences will reveal these patterns in the flow of differences. The Batesonian perspective can be modeled by NK Boolean systems (Kauffman, 1993, 1995; Malloy, Jensen, & Song, 2005). We will argue formally from Boolean mathematics that flows of differences are patterned; that is, within a Boolean system, flows of differences define a landscape of basins of attraction. We will review how to take the discrete derivatives of the attractor cycles found in these basins, including not only the first derivative but also higher order derivatives. We will review some puzzling results not publicly reported before. When we take a series of derivatives, first, second, third,..., eighth,... we find puzzling patterns in these sequences of derivatives. For attractor cycles whose length is a power of 2 the derivatives will diminish to a 0 matrix but for cycles of length not a power of 2 the derivatives will not diminish to 0 but rather the pattern of derivatives (across increasingly higher-order derivatives) will repeat in a cycle forever. The mathematical basis of this result and its epistemological implications will be discussed in later parts of the symposium. For now we set a simple framework that that we will return to through these papers. Assume there is something like William James' "stream of consciousness" and that like all streams its process forms eddies, standing waves, and the like. In short, assume that the steam of mental process is patterned. Assume also assume that this stream of mental process can be described abstractly as a flow of differences. How can we analyze and describe the patterns within this stream? And if we can find nonlinear dynamical descriptions of this stream, what do they tell us? Malloy, Jensen and Song (2005) have built an NK Boolean simulation program written in Java and named E42 to study how humans know the characteristics of dynamic systems. To use this software, users must enable Java in their web browsers. Moreover, web browsers on PC's must have the Java plugin. Mac's with OS X and using the Safari web browser have Java is built in; no Plugin is necessary. NK Boolean networks (described in detail by Kauffman 1995, p. 188ff; Kauffman, 1998, p. 75ff; and Malloy, Jensen, and Song (2005) and extensively at www.psych.utah.edu/dynamic_systems) consist of an arbitrary number N of abstract entities called nodes. Since the model is Boolean, the nodes have two states: ON (state = 1) and OFF (state = 0). Each node takes input (0 or 1) from K nodes. Time flows in discrete iterations. On iteration T, each node, takes the input (0 or 1) it receives from its K input nodes and uses a logical truth table to determine what its own value will be (either 0 or 1) on the next iteration, T+1. That is, the nodes are coupled; the output of one is input to others and visa versa. As a very simple example, suppose a node, call it Node A, receives input from K=2 other Part 1: Introduction to Simulation Methodology with some Puzzling Results 3 of 11 nodes. If Node A is using an AND operator then its state will equal 1 on iteration T+1 only if its two inputs are both equal to 1 on iteration T. Similarly if Node A is using an INCLUSIVE OR operator then its state will equal 1 on iteration T+1 if either its first input or its second input or both are equal to 1 on iteration T. So the relationship between a node's inputs at time T determines its state on the next iteration. This simple model can produce complex dynamic patterns whose changes flow across iterations. NK Boolean systems exhibit the usual characteristics of dynamic systems including attractor cycles (basins) which will be described below and which will play an important role in the perception of the dynamics of such systems. State Vectors and Basins. Malloy, Jensen and Song (2005) describe in detail a small four node (N4) Boolean system. We will skip the formal derivations required for full understanding of that system but we will use some other their results to establish a vocabulary that will be used throughout this symposium. State vectors, S(T), are a convenient way to characterize important characteristics of system dynamics. For purposes of exposition, suppose a system (i.e., the one described by Malloy, Jensen & Song, 2005) has but four nodes (N = 4). Suppose on iteration T=1 the ON-OFF pattern for the four nodes from first to last is OFF, OFF, OFF, ON. This can be written as a state vector: S(1) ={0001}. The sequence of state vectors S(1) = {0001} S(2) = {1100} S(3) = {0011} S(4) = {1000} S(5) = {0001} S(6) = {1100} S(7) = {0011} etc... therefore describes the flow of states (or, alternatively, the behavior) of the system across time. Because the system is deterministic a given state vector, S(T), will always be followed by the same state vector S(T+1). Therefore the fact that in the above example S(5) is identical to S(1) means that S(6) must be identical S(2) and S(7) must be identical to S(3), and so on. This indicates that the system is in an attractor cycle (in this case of length four) because there are four distinct state vectors, S(1) through S(4), repeating endlessly. This is the attractor cycle for Basin 2 in Figure 1.2, below. The length of an attractor cycle, measured in the number of state vectors before it repeats, is the fundamental frequency of the cycle. We will refer to this as the attractor cycle of Basin 2 in the examples below. The system cannot escape this attractor cycle unless the system is perturbed. (Perturbation amounts to changing the state of one or more nodes.) A fuller discussion of this example is found in Malloy, Jensen, and Song (2005), where it is named 4-Node Standard, or at http://www.psych.utah.edu/stat/dynamic_systems/. The important points here are that the nodes of NK Boolean dynamic systems flow from state to state by a deterministic relational logic, that at any moment the entire system can be characterized by a state vector, and that the flow from state vector to state vector across time can fall into cyclic attractor basins. Visual Representations of a System's Dynamics Basin Landscape. We won't derive the structure of the basin landscape here as that is done in Malloy, Jensen, and Song, 2005. But Figure 1.2 shows the results of that analysis and is one way to visualize a Boolean dynamic system. Notice that the dynamics of this small Boolean system fall into three basins of attraction; each basin has an attractor cycle. Basins 1 and 2 have an attractor cycle that repeats every four iterations, we call this a cycle of length L = 4. Basins 1 and 2 also have a few state vectors that are tributaries leading into the attractor. Basin 3 is a cycle of L =1 and has no tributaries. In which basin does a s


Doing policing effectively and efficiently requires appreciab le display of on the job self -esteem by police officers. Where the work context gives less attention for independent actions allowing for competence, due to structure and job assignment in the police organization, decrease in personal control sets in and lessens the development of self-worth. The situation influences involvement in organizational management o f daily policing activities by police officers. The study examined contextual factors – [Job-Related Self-Esteem (JRSE), Perceived Skill Acquisition (PSA) and Perceived Performance (PP)] as predictors of Involvement in Organizational Management (IOM) among police officers in three states in South-west, Nigeria. Maslow's proposition and behavioural theories of Management serve as the framework. The design is cross-sectional while participants' selection followed the stratified sampling technique. Ogun, Oyo and Lagos State Police Commands were purposively chosen. 806 policemen (80.0%) and 303 policewomen (20.0%) were randomly selected. Participants included rank and file (730 = 66.1%), inspectorate (253 = 22.8%) and superior police officers (121 = 11.0%). Police IOM (α = .89), Police JRSE (α = .69), Police PSA (α = .91), Police PP (α = .89) scales were used to collect data. Multiple hierarchical regression, t-test and Pearson product moment correlation at p < 0.05 level of significance were used for data analysis. Policemen were aged 36.2+3.4 while policewomen were 33.5+2.7. There were significant joint influence of contextual factors on involvement in organizational management [F (6,1102) = 72.10, ∆R 2 = .27] among police officers Likewise, among policemen, (F(6,799) = 56.39; R 2 = .30) and among policewomen (F(6,293) = 17.2; R 2 = .26), accounting for 30.0% and 26.0% of their variances on IOM. JRSE (β = .36, t = 9.96), PSA (β = .19, t = 4.93), PP (β = .09, t = 2.41), PGD (β = -.11, t = -1.93) and PGB (β = .23, t = 4.65), had relative influence on IOM of policemen. JRSE (β = .30, t = 5.31), PSA (β = .12, t = 2.01) and PP (β = .21, t = 3.66) and PGD (β = .27, t = 2.72), had relative influence on IOM among policewomen. Involvement in organizational management is vital for efficiency and effectiveness of policing activities when job -related self-esteem, perceived skill acquisition and perceived performance of police officers receive required boost at the work context.


Nitric oxide is a gas detectable in exhaled breath of humans and is recognized as a useful biomarker for asthma diagnosis and monitoring. Several studies have shown evidence of higher levels of exhaled nitric oxide in patients with respiratory diseases as compared with the healthy population. The possibility of using exhaled nitric oxide measurement as a tool for diagnosing and monitoring occupational exposures to allergic or toxic irritants is reviewed and discussed.


According to the performance and working characteristics of the new phased array radar, the radar maintenance strategy based on reasonable spare parts configuration is studied. Firstly, the evaluation index system of spare parts configuration effectiveness of new phased array radar is constructed. The weight of each evaluation index is calculated by using relevant mathematical models. According to the weight of evaluation index and relevant theories, an evaluation model for evaluating the effectiveness of spare parts configuration of new phased array radar is constructed. The effectiveness of the spare parts configuration maintenance strategy is evaluated by using the evaluation model. Finally, a large number of real data and examples are used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the configuration method.


The aromatic profile of three different grape brandies was examined by GC-FID. The standard solution (purity> 99.0%) based on which volatile aromatic compounds of brandies were identified includes: acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, isopropyl acetate, 1-propanol, 2-butanol, propyl acetate, 2methyl propanol, isobutanol, 1-butanol, isobutyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, butyl acetate, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethylisovalerate, 1-pentanol, phenyl acetate, 1-hexanol, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl acetate, 1-heptanol, linalool oxide, phenyl acetate, ethyl caprylate, αterpineol, nerol, β-citronellol, geraniol. As an internal standard 1-octanol was used. Seventeen volatile aromatic compounds have been identified. The highest total content of volatile compounds was established in grape brandy 2 (481.16 mg/dm 3 ). From the aldehydes group in all distillates the presence of acetaldehyde was found. The highest concentration of this compound was found in grape brandy 1 (113.73 mg/dm 3 ). The ester composition was diverse, with domination of ethyl acetate. The highest content of esters was found in grape brandy 2 (293.65 mg/dm 3 ). The total concentration of higher alcohols in brandies was low. 1-hexanol was found in all brandies tested. The presence of this compound indicates poor maturation of the grape raw material used. The highest terpenic content was found in grape brandy 1 (0.23 mg/dm 3 ). The brandies have been found to contain methyl alcohol. This is an indicator of their


As given birth, scholasticism brought to West Europe academia freedom and spirit of independence. Academia freedom was immediately or indirectly concerned with the Scholastic research methodology, rationalistic arousal, establishment of academies, self-contained tradition, and economic growth plus political enlightenment of West Europe.


The purpose of this article is to discuss how technology has helped increase the audience for commercial real estate auctions. There is an outline of the role of technology and a review of who is using auctions for real estate disposition and rationale for the growing appeal of auctions. The article offers an informative chart to help a potential seller get up to speed with basic auction information.


A correct identification of transients in the ECG (electrocardiogram) can assist processing methods for ECG signals, since this type of event degrades the signal and can be misleading. Therefore, this paper proposes an architecture for detection of these phenomena, following the current trend of distributed computing, in which a sensor will detect transients at the time of signal acquisition, and then forward this information through a data communication network, designed specifically for hospital automation, to a computing device that will process the data or present it to a trained professional for manual analysis. To perform the detection of transients, a mathematical method based on the Hilbert transform of the ECG signal is proposed here, allied with the MP-HA (Multicycle Protocol for Hospital Automation), with the addition of frames, so that information on the occurrence of transients can be transmitted along with signal data of the electrocardiogram. Among the possible transients, noise was chosen because it is the phenomenon that interferes the most with the processing of ECG signals. Tests were performed using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database, while a mathematical analysis was used in the new frames of the MP-HA protocol in order to demonstrate the consistency of the protocol with this addition.


The fault fracture zone has is characterized by low strength, easy deformation and easy activation under the influence of high-strength mining, resulting in instability of the roadway coal rock mass in the affected area and thus severe deformation of the surrounding rock. Aiming to prevent serious deformation of a large section roadway along a fault in response to drivage, combined with specific geological conditions and supporting engineering practice of the panel of a coal mine, UDEC polygonal methods are used to compare and analyze the fracture development, stress distribution and deformation of roadway surrounding rocks and the bearing force of the supporting body of the original support scheme and the new support scheme. In the numerical simulation scheme, the study area is divided into polygonal blocks and the mechanical parameters of the blocks and contacts in the Voronoi program are determined by fitting the rock mass properties obtained through laboratory tests. A time-dependent strength degradation process is used to simulate the weakening effect of the fault on the surrounding rock mass. Then a new scheme for combined support involving key area strengthening and high-strength yielding bolts is proposed, which can ensure that the stress distribution of surrounding rock tends to be reasonable and that the deformation of roadway surrounding rock is in a reasonable range. In addition, the research results are applied successfully in the field.


workflow is a group of dependent tasks, and it has become a development trend to run its own workflow application in the paid cloud computing resource market. Resource planning is to plan the required resources from different cloud resource providers, different resource types and prices according to the user budget or the deadline of operation. Based on the test data of CloudCmp, this model compares different application types with resource providers according to different policies and establishes templates. With this template, a single task of workflow is firstly initialized, and then the entire workflow is optimized by using the critical path, so as to achieve the target of set running time limit at a small cost.


Persistence modules were introduced in the context of topological data analysis. Generalised persistence module theory is the study of functors from an arbitrary poset, or more generally an arbitrary small category, to some abelian target category. In other words, a persistence module is simply a representation of the source category in the target abelian category. Unsurprisingly, it turns out that when the source category is more general than a linear order, then its representation type is generally wild. In this paper we introduce a new set of ideas for local analysis of persistence module by methods borrowed from spectral graph theory and multivariable calculus.


The bacterial diversity in the IAT tank of the Modified Demand Aeration Tank-Intermit Aeration Tank system (MDAT-IAT ), which was of high efficiency for the simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal, was studied by the 16S rDNA cloning and sequencing method. 59 clones were randomly selected, and their partial 16S rDNA gene (ca. 500 bp) was sequenced and blasted. The results indicated that the bacterial diversity in the IAT tank of the MDAT-IAT was very high, where 55 clones belong to 6 different published phyla, while 3 clones belong to unknown phylum. The dominant bacterial community in the IAT tank was Proteobacteria, which accounted for 55.17 %. The bacterial community succession were as follows: the γ-Proteobacteria (34.48%), Bacteroidetes (20.69%), β-Proteobacteria (12.07%), Candidate division TM7 (12.07%), α-Proteobacteria (5.17%), δ-Proteobacteria (3.45%), Firmicute (3.45%), Candidate division OP11 (1.72%), Planctomycetes (1.72%). 32 OUT phylotypes were selected from the 58 sequenced clones by Clustralx Software, and the phylogenetic analysis results also demonstrated high bacterial diversity in the IAT tank.


A postal census of community pharmacies in Queensland, Australia (N = 955, response rate = 61%) was conducted in late 1984 to document services provided, particularly specialized health-related services, and identtfy the pharmacies involved. The specialized services identified were rental of home health care suplies (53%), sports medicine (37%), pregnancy testing (36%), diabetic (15%) and hypertensive (8%) services. Each service was correlated with a number of demographic and business variables also collected by the survey, to determine their relationship to service provision. The analysis was a screening procedure to facilitate further investieation of factors affecting the establishment and operation of specializd services to enable policy formulation to guide further development in areas appropriate to the profession of pharmacy.


Contents: Introduction The break The explosion of modernism Distinctive individual visions Catholic elegance and joy Post-war recovery of confidence Searching for new ways A vibrant contemporary scene Index.


The structure of enzymes determines how they control vital processes such as digestion or immune response. This is because the protein compounds are not rigid, but can change their shape through movable "hinges." The shape of enzymes can depend on whether their structure is measured in the test tube or in the living cell. This is what physicochemists at the University of Bonn discovered about YopO, an enzyme of the plague pathogen. This fundamental result, which has now been published in the journal Angewandte Chemie, is potentially also of interest for drug research.


With a goal of supporting the timely and cost-effective analysis of Terabyte datasets on commodity components, we present and evaluate StoreTorrent, a simple distributed filesystem with integrated fault tolerance for efficient handling of small data records. Our contributions include an application-OS pipelining technique and metadata structure to increase small write and read performance by a factor of 1-10, and the use of peer-to-peer communication of replica-location indexes to avoid transferring data during parallel analysis even in a degraded state. We evaluated StoreTorrent, PVFS, and Gluster filesystems using 70 storage nodes and 560 parallel clients on an 8-core/node Ethernet cluster with directly attached SATA disks. StoreTorrent performed parallel small writes at an aggregate rate of 1.69 GB/s, and supported reads over the network at 8.47 GB/s. We ported a parallel analysis task and demonstrate it achieved parallel reads at the full aggregate speed of the storage node local filesystems.


In the early 1950s Simon Kuznets described a curvilinear relationship between economic inequality and income growth (Kuznets 1955). The general shape of the Kuznets curve is an inverse U-shape indicative of an inequality-income polynomial relationship, with initial increases in income corresponding to increases in economic inequality until an inflection point is reached. Thereafter further increases in income correspond to decreasing economic inequality. Decades later, environmental economists and other analysts adapted the Kuznets ABSTRACT Environmental Kuznets' curves (EKCs) are often used to specify variations in environmental characteristics as covariates of per capita income. Based on a stylized model that links open space to spatial variations in per capita income, this paper uses both global and local regression analyses to test the conformity of income and open space cover to an EKC across counties in the northeastern United States. Global results indicate only weak EKC correspondence between per capita open space and per capita income in the study area, but strong EKC correspondence between open space as a percentage of county area and per capita income. Local results show strong correspondence between the land cover-income EKCs and the stylized model.


with the evolutionary transition of life from water to land, adaptation of the organism to changing environmental conditions became critical for survival. One of the most dramatic life-threatening situations is a reduction in oxygen supply to the vital organs. Decreased tissue oxygenation may arise


Taking the Pingdiba bridge with 132m net span in Enshizhou,Hubei province as an example,the article analyzed the reasonable selection of arc axis coefficient of swing-installed arc bridge with open caisson.


: Based on the unearthed documents from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, the article examines an interaction of Russian diplomacy and Russian orthodox churches abroad in the process of their reform in the early 1860-s. This reorganization was undertaken in context of the "Great reforms" of Alexander II and aimed at rationalization of the previous system of subordination of those churches to civil and ecclesiastical authorities in St. Petersburg. The architects of the reform initiated by the Tzar himself sought to create a unified system of subordination and financing of those churches with identical criteria for


Effects of vibronic coherence transfer induced by the heat bath on ultrafast time‐resolved resonant light scattering (RLS) spectra are theoretically investigated within the master equation approach. The vibronic coherence initially created by a coherent optical excitation transfers to other vibronic coherent states due to inelastic interactions between the vibronic system concerned (the relevant system) and the heat bath. The vibronic coherence transfer results in the quantum beats in the time‐resolved RLS spectra. The bath‐induced vibronic transition operator is derived in the double space representation of the density matrix theory. Model calculations of the femtosecond (fs) time‐resolved RLS spectra are performed to demonstrate the effects of the bath‐induced vibronic coherence transfer.


The genomic DNA was extracted and purified from cultured P. falcpanan Anhui, Yunnan and Haman isolates respectively removing RNA and degradated DNA, quantitated accurately and diluted gradiently (100 ng~0.05ng), then discriminated dot blot hybridization with ~(32)P PF rep20. The levels of detection were Anhui Fcc/AH isolate 0.5 ng, Yunnan Simao isolate 2 ng and Hainan Fcc_(1)/HN isolate 3 ng. The genomic DNA of three P. falciparum isolates, which was digested with restriction enzyme Hind Ⅲ, was further analysed Southern blot hybridization with ~(32)P PF rep20. The results showed that there were obviously diversities in size, number and radiointensity of target DNA fragments of three isolates which were recognized with ~(32)P PFrep20. It is suggested that there is differences in DNA repetitive sequence of P. falciparum Anhui Fcc/AH, Yunnan Simao and Hainan Fcc_(1)/HN isolates from China.


Lantern slide of funeral notice of Lieutenant Governor David Collins, 1810. Prepared by J.W. Beattie (1859-1930) whose studio locations were Elizabeth Street, Hobart from 1891-1920, Murray Street from 1921-40 and Cat and Fiddle until 1994.


This paper proposes a no-reference quality assessment technique to assess the quality of images that is degraded due to blur and noise. The technique is motivated from the fact that when distortion occurs in a natural image, its naturalness gets disturbed. We analyze this disturbance using continuous-wavelet transform in order to assess the quality of the image. The proposed image quality estimation technique is free from training and prior knowledge of the distortion (noise or blur) present in the image. The technique is being evaluated on LIVE and CSIQ databases, and the obtained results are found very similar with subjective scores provided by the databases. It is observed from the obtained results that the proposed technique outperforms the latest state-of-the-art techniques.


Abstract The heat of polymerization for ring-opening polymerization is affected by the following: (1) angle strain, which is very important for the three-and four-membered rings (i.e., those rings that have the greatest angle strain), (2) conformational strain (crowding of eclipsed adjacent hydrogen atoms) and transannular strain (strain and crowding of hydrogen atoms across the ring); and (3) steric effect of side group.


DNA/RNA Description According to Entrez Gene, PEA15 maps to NC_000001.10 and spans a region of 10042 bases. PEA15 consists of four exons. Exon 1 and the beginning of exon 2 contain untranslated sequences.  The end of exon 2, exon 3, and the beginning of exo n 4 contain the coding sequence. Transcription Two transcripts, with lengths of 2,5 and 1,7 kb, ha ve been identified. They are identical except for the length of their 3' UTRs. Pseudogene No pseudogene of PEA15 known.


The rapid diffusion of mobile devices (telephones, smart phones, tablets, etc.) has brought new advanced features developed specifically for these devices. For example it is now possible to publish directly the pictures obtained by the integrated camera of a smart phone to our social network accounts, or to image hosting services, etc. It is therefore important to have tools on the mobile devices that can prove the ownership of the pictures and to use them before publishing the images. A common approach to guarantee ownership of digital images or videos is to use Digital Watermarking techniques. We have developed a tool for portable devices based on Android OS, that permits to add a visible or invisible watermark to images. In this paper we discuss this tool, and we experimentally prove its robustness.


The first-order Hartree–Fock and unrestricted Hartree–Fock equations for the ground state of a five electron atomic system are solved exactly. The solutions are used to evaluate the corresponding s...


In safety production work and workplaces, many safety accidents occur because workers do not wear safety helmets. In order to reduce the safety accidents caused by not wearing a helmet, this paper proposes a helmet wearing detection method based on the EfficientDet algorithm. First, the K-Means++ clustering algorithm is used to optimize the initial cluster centers, then, the SeparableConv2D network is introduced, combined with the simple and efficient Bi-directional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) proposed in the EfficientDet algorithm to extract image feature maps, finally, the CC-Loss function is used as the classification loss function to constrain the specific relationship between classes and channels, and maintain the separability within and between classes, thereby improving the accuracy of model detection. The experimental results on the open source helmet data set show that under different experimental conditions, the improved efficientset model has better detection accuracy and speed, and can better meet the safety helmet wearing detection.


In this paper, a denoising approach, which exploits patchredundancy for removing Gaussian noise from RGB color images is described. Both geometrical and photometrical similarity of image patches have to be considered for learning the parameters of this Patch-based Locally Optimal Weiner(PLOW) filer. K-means clustering,with LARK(Locally Adaptive Regression Kernel) features, is used to identify the geometrically similar patches. As opposed to traditional color image denoising approaches, that perform denoising in each color channel independently, this method performs denoising in the luminance-chrominance color space and thus exploits correlation across color components. Since the luminance component, Y, contains most valuable image features such as objects, shades, textures, edges and patterns etc., the information from the luminance component is only needed for clustering. Experimental results show that the denoising performance of the proposed method is better in terms of both peak signal-to-noise ratio and subjective visual quality.


Aircraft emissions have been studied extensively since the late 1960s and the interest was mainly driven by their direct and indirect effects on climate and the generation of contrails [1-4]. Emissions of solid-state particles (soots) from engine exhausts due to incomplete fuel combustion are considered to influence ice and liquid water cloud droplet activation [4]. The activity of these aerosols would originate from their ability to be important centers of ice-particle nucleation by promoting ice formation above water homogeneous freezing point. While some experiments focused on ice nucleation on soot particles did not yet reach definitive conclusions, soot are reported to be generally worse ice nuclei than mineral dust, nucleating at higher ice-supersaturations for deposition nucleation and at lower temperatures for immersion freezing. However, there are still numerous opened questions on the ice nucleation properties of soot particles [5], most likely due to the lack of information on the abundance, on the physico-chemical properties (structure and chemical compositions) of these aerosols, competition between different ice nucleation modes and dynamical factors that affect ice nucleation. Furthermore, the soot emitted from aircraft may be associated with soluble components like sulphate that can act as heterogeneous ice nuclei and initiate freezing at supersaturation of only 120-130% [6]. Therefore, more detailed studies of aerosol nucleation activity combined with throughout structural and compositional analyzes are needed in order to establish any association between the particles' hygroscopicity and their physico-chemical properties. In the present preliminary work, nucleation activity of air-plane soot particle surrogates is monitored using a temperature-controlled reactor in which the sample's relative humidity is precisely measured with a cryohygrometer. Formation of water/ice onto the particles is followed both optically and spectroscopically, using a microscope coupled to a Raman spectrometer. Vibrational signatures of hydroxyls (O-H) emerge when the particle becomes hydrated. Careful calibration of the sample's surface temperature was performed beforehand while monitoring the deliquescence and efflorescence of micrometer-size NaCl crystals at various temperatures. The ice nucleation potential of different soot surrogates can be studied. A correlation with their physico-chemical properties via FTIR, Raman and mass spectrometry analyses is underway.


We consider a numerical solution of the stochastic moving boundary value problem, whose existence and uniqueness of solution are proved in [16]. Numerical approximations are based on the transformation, which transforms the stochastic moving boundary problem whose spatial domain is a priori unknown to a nonlinear stochastic partial differential equation which has a fixed spatial domain. We construct a numerical solution of the nonlinear stochastic partial differential equation and investigate the convergence theory.


An Israeli surgeon and a Global Health Specialist working in Africa address some of the persistent myths surrounding this practice.


The main result of this paper is that if f is n-convex on a measurable subset E of R, then f is n − 2 times differentiable, n − 2 times Peano differentiable and the corresponding derivatives are equal, and f (n−1) = f(n−1) except on a countable set. Moreover f(n−1) is approximately differentiable with approximate derivative equal to the nth approximate Peano derivative of f almost everywhere.


BACKGROUND: The thoracic and abdominal muscle strength plays an important role in pulmonary function and diffusing lung capacity. The purpose of this study is to observe chest and abdominal muscles following period of breath holding which is a part of training for swimmers. Aims and objectives: To compare the pulmonary function test among swimmers and non-swimmers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study 30 Males aged between 18 and 30 years who were swimming regularly for at least 3days in a week for a period of 1yr and above were selected as subjects and 30 controls that were in the same age group. Spirolyser - SPL - 95 is used. RESULTS: Statistically parameters were analyzed by student 't' test. There was no significant difference in age, weight, height, BMI between swimmers and non-swimmers. There was a significant difference in mean and standard deviation of pulmonary parameters with the p-value <0.05 in swimmers which shows that they have greater ventilator drive. CONCLUSION: Regular swimming produces a positive effect on the lung by increasing pulmonary capacity.


The specific purpose of a cardiac monitor is to give some warning of impending disaster and to aid in making an immediate diagnosis once arrest or fibrillation has occurred. Such a device is intended to assist the anesthesiologist, not to supplant him or convert his specialty to automation. A miniature cardiac monitor that can be affixed to the patient has been developed to fulfill the need for a small, rugged, reliable, and relatively inexpensive instrument suitable for mass coverage. Plug and jack-type connections have been avoided to minimize faulty electric contact and resulting "false alarms." The audible "beep" enlists the attention of the entire operating room team but frees their eyes and hands for other duties.


THE sphere gap which is widely used as a method of measuring high voltage has its acceptance based on extensive calibration of the breakdown of air as a dielectric between spheres of specified sizes and spacings. The breakdown voltages between spheres of particular sizes are given for spacings up to a sphere diameter in the AIEE Standard no. 41 and in the British Standard no. 358.2


Older people who take vitamin E supplements might be less likely to catch colds, researchers from the United States have found.


To the Editor: Recent advances in imaging technology have improved our understanding of schizophrenia but have fallen short of providing a definitive etiology. We describe a patient with persistent and debilitating psychotic symptoms that drastically improved after he was struck by a car and suffered massive head trauma.

Case report: Mr A is a 51-year-old black man with a long history of schizophrenia with severe and persistent symptoms including delusions of reference and persecution, paranoia, and disorganized speech. During exacerbations, he also experienced command auditory hallucinations and visual phenomena. His symptoms were remarkably consistent throughout hospital records that date back to 1989, including extended stays at a state mental facility. Available toxicology screens are negative, and there is no recorded history of alcohol or illicit drug abuse. A computed tomography (CT) scan of his head was normal in 2008. From 2008 to 2013, Mr A was treated in the authors' community primary care clinic for comorbid hypertension and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Unfortunately, Mr A had very poor insight into his psychiatric disease and was chronically nonadherent to medication. During all visits, he was floridly psychotic with prominent delusions, rapid derailment, and paranoia. Attempts to convince him to accept antipsychotic medication were unsuccessful. While Mr A was not judged to be an imminent danger to himself or others, his untreated functional status was poor.

In June of 2012, Mr A was struck by a car while walking in the street near his home. He was transported to a local academic trauma center, where an initial CT scan of the head was consistent with massive parenchymal brain injury and cranial trauma. Findings included diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage, diffuse axonal injury, a small left frontal subdural hematoma, and a right paratentorial subdural hematoma. Over the next week, his intracranial injuries evolved. Worsening cerebral edema on the right eventually caused a right to left midline shift and compression of the ventricles. Due to concern about evolving uncal herniation, a craniectomy was performed, leaving a large right frontal cranial defect. Pressure was successfully relieved, with midline structures and ventricles returning to their appropriate positions. After a prolonged hospital and rehabilitation stay, Mr A underwent a reconstruction in March of 2013 with bone flap of the cranial vault. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed significant encephalomalacia, which was most prominent in the right temporal and left frontal lobes. He has since returned to the community under the care of his mother and family.

Mr A returned to the primary care clinic in April of 2013. At that time, he was wheelchair bound with significant left-sided weakness. He exhibited spasticity of the upper extremities, along with ankylosis of the shoulders and elbows. His affect had flattened, and he had some delays in spontaneous speech. However, the delusional and paranoid content of his speech had essentially disappeared. Despite his profound motor sequelae, his speech was more coherent than prior to the accident. Both his mother and brother confirmed that there was a vast improvement in his psychosis and that many members of the community had noted the change as well. No evidence of hallucinations or delusions of reference had been reported since the accident. At that time, his only potentially psychoactive medication was levetiracetam given for seizures associated with the brain injury.

To further assess the improvement in his psychotic symptoms, Mr A and his mother were interviewed using items from the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS).1 This scale is divided into 4 categories of hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and positive formal thought disorder. The symptoms within each domain are rated from 0 (none) to 5 (severe). Mr A denied ever having any of the symptoms and scored all items on the SAPS as 0/5. His mother reported that the item for persecutory delusions had decreased from a 5/5 to 0/5. Her ratings of derailment decreased from 5/5 to 2/5 and illogicality from 4/5 to 2/5. Distractible speech decreased from 4/5 to 1/5.

MEDLINE searches using MeSH terms schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury revealed no cases of improvement in psychotic symptoms following closed head trauma. In fact, all of the literature we found, including a case review,2 a meta-analysis of case-controlled studies,3 and a chart-based case-control study,4 found a positive association between head trauma and the diagnosis of schizophrenia. There is also evidence that early injury during childhood has been related to the severity of psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.5,6

Multiple studies have attempted to correlate anatomy with psychotic illness. The most consistent findings are enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles, along with general reduction in brain volume in the temporal and prefrontal lobes.7,8 More recently, a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies identified hypoactivation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hyperactivation of anterior cingulate gyrus in patients with schizophrenia.9 Other areas of study have included the superior temporal gyrus, the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, and the hippocampus.10

It is unclear what aspect of the traumatic brain injury was responsible for Mr A's reduced positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The improved linear thought and reduction in delusional thinking in this case may be a unique observation based on our literature search. Due to the severe and extensive nature of his head injury, no specific assertions can be made regarding neuroanatomy and the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. However, the damage to Mr A's left prefrontal cortex combined with the resolution of symptoms might suggest continued investigation in the future.


travelling down before one can ascend, seemingly anti-social nature spirits inhabiting certain mountains, pools or springs near mountain apexes, all-seeing eyes, temples or shrines that are built at or near mountains to physically re-collect prominent visionaries and their visions, stories of collective efforts to build massive towers being thwarted by vengeful spirit beings, Little People living among rocks and vegetation, special stands of mind-altering plants being set aside on remote mountain slopes, out-of-body experiences of flying like a bird, and people operating under everyday physical states of consciousness misconstruing accounts of anomalous shamanic altered state experiences. Berman apparently wants to show that mountains mean different things to different people. One way of doing this is by quoting widely-diverging sayings by various famous individuals, ranging from St Augustine to Chairman Mao. It is this eclectic mix that makes it hard to determine what the book is about, leaving readers to construe their own narratives. Sacred Mountains is not a straightforward handbook for anthropologically-minded people to gauge the significance of mountains in culture, but it is a book which will elicit some thoughtful responses.


two strings and their notes. (The noun implied is tevcnh, just as stocastikhv17 was used on its own shortly before at 55e.) The preceding au ̊thÅÍ would now have to mean "that part of it [sc. music] involving sullhptikhv," but I wonder further if the first two letters, au® alone, should be retained? Plato is fond of au® in a series,18 and I think particularly of the structure of a sentence in Republic 401a, where, after a reference to the lyre and kithara and the notes of harmoniai, there are mentions of Damon and a typical discussion of qualities such as eu ̊logÇa, eu ̊armostÇa, eu ̊schmosuvnh, eu ̊ruqmÇa, followed by eßstin dev gev pou plhvrhÍ me;n grafikh; au ̊tΩn kaμ paÅsa hJ toiauvth dhmiourgÇa, plhvrhÍ de; uÒfantikh; kaμ poikilÇa kaμ o√kodomÇa kaμ paÅsa au® hJ tΩn aßllwn skeuΩn ejrgasÇa. The sequence of letters suvmpasa au® hJ sullhptikhv that I propose hardly differs from the MSS suvmpasa au ̊thÅÍ au ̊lhtikhv, and in a musical context it is hardly surprising that the last word should be corrupted to the commoner au ̊lhtikhv, to which Plato was so averse. It may be thought surprising that Plato should so allude to the technical terminology of lyre tuning, but D. B. Monro, referring to Philebus 17b, once noted that the passage "has an air of technical accuracy not usual in Plato's references to music (though perhaps characteristic of the Philebus)."19 And this is true also of references to lyre-playing practices in Laws (e.g., 812d), to say nothing of the mind-bending musical mathematics of Timaeus. We know too from Plato himself that Socrates had lessons from the distinguished kitharist Connus (Euthd. 272c, 295d, Mx. 235e), and also late in life from another teacher, Lamprus (S.E. adversus Musicos 13), preferring to be ojyimaqhvÍ rather than a ̊maqhvÍ in such matters. I might conclude with a translation of this description of preliminary kithara tuning, with the textual changes that I have suggested above: "And so, I suppose, music is full—tuning as it does the first concord (the fourth) not by measurement but by practice—of guesswork; and so too with all taking together of notes, hunting for the pitch of each string carrying the moveable note by guessing, so that it is mixed with much that is uncertain, and little that is sure."


In this article we propose two finite element schemes for the Navier-Stokes equations, based on a reformulation that involves differential operators from the de Rham sequence and an advection operator with explicit skew-symmetry in weak form. Our first scheme is obtained by discretizing this formulation with conforming FEEC (Finite Element Exterior Calculus) spaces: it preserves the pointwise divergence free constraint of the velocity, its total momentum and its energy, in addition to being pressure robust. Following the broken-FEEC approach, our second scheme uses fully discontinuous spaces and local conforming projections to define the discrete differential operators. It preserves the same invariants up to a dissipation of energy to stabilize numerical discontinuities. For both schemes we use a middle point time discretization which preserve these invariants at the fully discrete level and we analyse its well-posedness in terms of a CFL condition. Numerical test cases performed with spline finite elements allow us to verify the high order accuracy of the resulting numerical methods, as well as their ability to handle general boundary conditions.


There is much interest in developing new scintillator detectors for radiation detection and radiographic imaging applications. The knowledge of the electron mobility (μ) is important in the basic understanding of charge transport and in the selection and optimization of many inorganic scintillator materials such as thallium-doped cesium iodide, CsI(Tl). Performance measures are used to model various scintillator responses in an effort to predict the effect of doping concentrations. Performance models will help in the new scintillator design process. Initial tests are done with cadmium zinc telluride detectors to establish measurement techniques and baselines.


Brittle fault arrays, regional structural patterns, and marine multichannel seismic reflection profiles across the Magallanes basin near 53°S latitude show contrasting styles of superposed extensional, contractional, and transtensional deformation. Below the northeastern end of a NE‐SW transect of the basin, seismic reflection profiles show deepening levels of pre‐Late Jurassic basement and Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous volcanic horizons toward the southwest. This trend is associated with apparent normal fault offsets that may be attributed to a widespread Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous extensional event. Contrastingly, below the southwestern end of Magallanes basin subsurface depths of basement and volcanic horizons shallow to the southwest. Integration of seismic reflection data with published seismic refraction data, geologic mapping, and satellite gravity anomaly data suggest that this shallowing trend is controlled structurally by craton‐vergent, basement‐involved contractional deformation. This style of shortening contrasts with thin‐skinned styles of thrusting in the northern and central parts of the basin on Tierra del Fuego. Structural relationships, stratigraphic data, and previously published metamorphic data indicate that basement‐involved contraction occurred during latest Cretaceous to early Tertiary time. Overprinting all contractional structures, steep Tertiary strike‐slip and oblique‐slip faults in the central and southern parts of the Magallanes basin display oblique‐normal (mostly down‐to‐the‐southwest) offsets across WNW‐ESE trending segments of the South American‐Scotia transform plate boundary on the South American continent. Newly discovered features along the plate boundary segment include sediment‐filled grabens and half grabens up to 7 km wide that occur between subparallel fault splays in the Magallanes fault zone. Kinematic analyses of fault‐slip data indicate that sinistral transtensional motion occurred within this fault zone between the eastern arm of the Straits of Magellan and central Tierra del Fuego. Together these data indicate that (1) the southernmost Andes were under compression during rapid cooling and exhumation of unique high‐pressure (∼8 kbars) basement rocks now exposed in the Darwin Metamorphic Complex (DMC) near 55°S latitude and (2) final exhumation of basement rocks in the DMC occurred during a shift away from compression toward transtension during late Tertiary crustal relaxation. We suggest that preexisting structural anisotropies formed during basement‐involved contractional deformation and the initiation of seafloor spreading south of South America during the Oligocene controlled late Tertiary sinistral transtensional patterns in the Magallanes fault zone.


A novel method of discharge chamber wall boronization was used in the T-11M tokamak. The method is based on carboborane (B{sub 10}C{sub 2}H{sub 12}) decomposition in a helium discharge. The boronization facilitated an increase of the ion-cyclotron heating (ICH) input power from 100 to 200 kW and the heating efficiency from 1 to 3.5 eV/(kW cm{sup 3} X 10{sup 13}) in discharges with plasma density {rvec n}{sub e} = 3.5 X 10{sup 13} cm{sup {minus}3} and n{sub H}/n{sub D} = 7 -10%. A considerable increase (about 25%) occurred in the plasma column electron density during the ICH. This increase seemed to be due to improved particle confinement rather than to recycling enhancement. The energy confinement time was rising during the heating. This rise could be attributed to both the plasma density buildup and particle confinement improvement. The observed deuterium temperature dynamics at the tokamak axis is adequately described by the ICH quasi-linear theory for a hydrogen-doped plasma. 6 refs., 10 figs.


The Teacher-Innovator model from Teachers College, Columbia University, trains the teacher for four roles: institution builder, interactive teacher, innovator, and scholar. Teachers acquire an understanding of these roles during preservice and inservice experiences in four methodologies: inquiry and feedback groups -democratically organized groups of students who administer the Program to themselves under faculty counseling; differential training--a model providing the faculty with ways of individualizing instruction; laboratory school--an inquiry school in which teaching and learning are studied as well as carried on; and a contract laboratory--a "real" school for direct contact with children. An example of the interrelationships among the four roles and methodologies is found in the contact laboratory. The trainee moves through six chasesfrom "experiencing the school as an unpaid teacher aide during the first four to eight weeks of t!,e program; through tutoring, designing an individualized learning unit, working in an inquiry school, and operating an educational program for children (after school, summers, or weekends); and into internship, which specifies a two-thirds teaching position and proximity to other members of the trainee's feedback group. The model also anticipates technological support systems. (See ED 034 076 for a readers' guide to the nine funded models.) (LP)


This paper discusses strategic planning for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in China. Focus is on the need for an architecture defining the interface and interaction between the component layers for urban and freeway transportation systems.


The present invention relates to a compact air intake and discharge structure for a vacuum pump and a vacuum pump using the same. The configuration in the central vertical pipe (a) and a circular horizontal plate portion of the upper (b) and, a central vertical pipe (a) within the through hole (h1) and the air intake hole (h2) and an exhaust hole (h3) of the connecting structures each having T-shaped ventilation body (10) and; A vertical cylindrical body which is bonded as a top of an open cylinder, the inner periphery of the cylindrical body has a peripheral surface and each of the relative movement state of the circular horizontal plate (b) the outer surface and, the through hole of the bottom central portion is the central vertical pipe (a) ( 20, 20 ') is configured to comprise a vent body (10) on the circular horizontal plate (b) and the vertical cylinder (20, 20') the bottom side evacuation destination sealed into the cylindrical space formed between the container side of the inner by sucking the air and then by developing them immediately vacuum pump air intake and discharge structure for characterized in that the air discharged into, and a vacuum pump using the air intake and discharge structure of the characteristic structure, The overall structure, including the structure of the air discharge into the atmosphere from the vacuum pump simplicity, as well as a high degree of vacuum can be obtained, and obtain a highly desirable form of small vacuum pump with high work efficiency. Air inlet structure, the air outlet structure, the intake and exhaust structure, a vacuum pump, a hermetically sealed container.


We report on our study of the B \to D^(*) \ell \nu semileptonic decays at zero and nonzero recoils in 2+1 flavor QCD. The M\"obius domain-wall action is employed for light, charm and bottom quarks at lattice cutoffs 1/a = 2.5 and 3.6 GeV. We take bottom quark masses up to \approx 2.4 times the physical charm mass to control discretization effects. The pion mass is as low as M_\pi \sim 310 MeV. We present our preliminary results for the relevant form factors and discuss the violation of heavy quark symmetry, which is a recent important isuue on the long-standing tension in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{cb}| between the exclusive and inclusive decays.


• Per-bit price and radiation tolerance are tempting reasons to ponder a DRAM transition. • PSRAMs strive to mimic the SRAMs they're aiming to replace. • High-speed DRAMs deliver fast random accesses, albeit not to the same degree as supercharged SRAMs. • Conventional memories may deliver all the speed and low power you need at a budget-friendly price. • Fully investigate the alternatives before picking a champion.


Mixed-type data consisting of both continuous observations and categorical observations are becoming prevalent in manufacturing processes and service management. The majority of existing statistical process control tools are designed to monitor either continuous data or categorical data but seldom both. In this article, we propose a directional exponentially weighted moving average control scheme composed of monitoring and diagnosis for mixed-type data. We assume that there is a latent unknown continuous distribution that determines the attribute levels of a categorical variable, and represent both continuous data and categorical data by standardised ranks. The proposed control chart also incorporates directional information to facilitate diagnosing the shift direction. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed control scheme.


Abstract : This report contains and overview of the computer facilities associated with Pulsed Laser Laboratory of the Materials Laboratory's Electromagnetic Materials Division. Included are brief descriptions of hardware and software configurations, general operating procedures and documentation of currently implemented programs. At present, the Electronic programmable digitizers are installed and operational. The streak camera has just recently arrived and research personnel are currently developing acquisition and control programs on an as-needed basis. These programs will be documented in additional appendices. Also, a laser-beam diagnostics stage, which is being characterized at this time, will provide a permanent stage in which the power, temporal and spatial profile of the laser output can be determined. Future work will concentrate on programming and interfacing the streak camera. There will also be future equipment updates consisting of the installation of a high-resolution color terminal and 10-megabyte hard disk drives.


This paper investigates the relationship between investments in marketing innovation, that is, the way in which technologically unchanged products are designed, priced, distributed, and/or promoted, and a firm's new product performance. Marketing innovation, such as calorie-based packaging or unusual distribution channels, may lead to new products. However, it is unclear whether they pay off, particularly when the firm follows a dual strategy, that is, investing in both innovative marketing and R&D at the same time. We draw from theory on competence development as well as diffusion of innovation and argue that pursuing a dual strategy lowers performance, an effect that we attribute to the role of complexity in innovation. Based on a mixed methods study that integrates a data set of 866 firms from a representative set of industries in Germany and extensive interview evidence, we find empirical support for our hypotheses. Our research contributes to the emerging stream of literature that seeks to better understand the role of marketing in firms' innovation processes.


Objective To study neuronal nitric oxide synthetase distribution in the smooth muscle of rat jejunum and well as analyze how to inhibit peristalsis in smooth muscle of rat jejunum by nitric oxide. Methods Neuronal nitric oxide synthetase distribution in the smooth muscle of rat jejunum were investigated, using immunohistochemistry, and smooth muscle of rat jejunum peristalsis were recorded by transducer. Results Large amount of neuronal nitric oxide synthetase distributed in the smooth muscle cyctolymph of rat jejunum. Nitric oxide inhibited peristalsis amplitude in a dose dependencestyle, but had no effect in frequency and duration. In β receptor blocked condition, NO inhibited amplitude. It had no effect in frequency and duration When a or M receptor was blocked. NO inhibited amplitude, frequence and duration; moreover in M receptor blocked condition, NO inhibited frequence and duration in a time dependence style. Stress' s amplitude ferquence and duration in physical condition were 2.83 ± 0.57mN,26.97 ±6.28time/min,2.25 ±0.24s respectively; propranolol + L-Arg 1.41 ±0.46 mN ( P 0.01) ,25.53 ±2.99 time/rain ( P 0.05) ,2.48 ±0.22 s ( P 0.05) respectively;phentolamine + L-Arg 1.29 ± 0.53mN (P 0.01),22.93 ±1.75 time/mm ( P 0.05) ,2.80 ± 0.23 s (P0.05) respectively; atropine + L-Arg 1.72± 0.74mN (P0.05),17.924-4.93 time/min ( P 0.01) ,3.68 ± 1.11 s (P0.01) respectively. Conclusion Neuronal nitric oxide syn thetase distributes in the smooth muscle cyctoplasm of rat jejunum. NO inhibits peristalsis in smooth muscle of rat jejunum and is associated with α, β and M receptors.


This study seeks to give libraries a plan for interinstitutional cooperation for institutional repositories that will benefit all involved: researchers, institutions, and, ultimately, global scholarship. This research uses repository studies, interviews with existing repository managers, and the input of libraries considering a repository to inform the exploration of the opportunities for collaboration in IR development and maintenance. This article proposes opportunities for collaboration between institutions in order to convince libraries that it is possible and effective to work together toward a common goal: highlighting existing working groups or alliances, sharing technology and hardware, building separate interinstitutional bodies to house repositories, and sharing the work of specialists.


A system (100, 300) for the non-invasive examination of internal structures of an object by producing dielectric images using reflection measurements and transmission using microwave radiation, the system comprising (300) an antenna array (110, 210, 310) surrounding a region of interest for the test, a transceiver (120, 320) of microwave to measure reflected electromagnetic fields transmitted, a computing module (130, 330) for receiving the detected radiation and for processing data based configured to execute a reconstruction procedure used to calculate an image of the dielectric low profile detection, characterized in that said reconstruction procedure comprises a gradient calculation using values; to said detected radiation said computing module (330 130) being further dielectric priori expected typical tissues found in the image, which determines a threshold level in the gradient and all points in space where gradient value is above the threshold value are allotted a priori values dielectrics.


A subclass of Cohen's class of time-frequency (t-f) distributions is introduced in which t-f distribution kernels are characterized by finite extent in time and frequency and thereby referred to as finite time-frequency (FTF) kernels. FTF kernels are provided via the frequency transformation method (FTM), used in two-dimensional (2-D) filter design.<<ETX>>


Magnetic and dynamic cross-fields have been widely used in plasma torches for multiple purposes: reduction of electrode erosion, increase of the operating power and possibility of control and stabilization of the plasma arc. This paper presents a new analytical approach to model the behaviour of the arc under cross-fields. It is very useful because it provides basic information on the arc without having to resort to costly simulations. An MHD numerical model is used for validation.


Currently, effective drugs for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are lacking in clinics. c-myc is one of the core members during TNBC tumorigenesis, and G-rich sequences in the promoter region can form a G-quadruplex conformation, indicating that the c-myc inhibitor is a possible strategy to fight cancer. Herein, a series of chiral ruthenium(II) complexes ([Ru(bpy)2(DPPZ-R)](ClO4)2, Λ/Δ−1: R = -H, Λ/Δ−2: R = -Br, Λ/Δ−3: R = -C≡C(C6H4)NH2) were researched based on their interaction with c-myc G-quadruplex DNA. Λ−3 and Δ−3 show high affinity and stability to decrease their replication. Additional studies showed that Λ−3 and Δ−3 exhibit higher inhibition against different tumor cells than other molecules. Δ−3 decreases the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 of 25.51 μM, which is comparable with that of cisplatin, with an IC50 of 25.9 μM. Moreover, Δ−3 exhibits acceptable cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 cells in a zebrafish xenograft breast cancer model. Further studies suggested that Δ−3 decreases the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells predominantly through DNA-damage-mediated apoptosis, which may be because Δ−3 can induce DNA damage. In summary, the results indicate that Ru(II) complexes containing alkinyl groups can be developed as c-myc G-quadruplex DNA binders to block TNBC progression.


Describe PID control principle of temperature control,the different roles of the three parameters of ratio,integral and differential,and relationship and influence among them.Identify tuning method of PID parameters and attention matters in the reflow oven temperature control system.


I find myself returning to the theme of reading against noise and reimagining it as something more like reading up against noise, in which noise is a foe or fiend, something one is up against: not only a challenge, close and insistent, that presents itself whenever one takes up a text (the literal noise that invades one's chair or couch, the ads in the margins of an e-book or a Web page, the wandering thoughts or obligations that draw one away), but also a challenge that is spatially there—up against one's ears and body, encroaching on the very space of one's reading. To read, in this sense, is thus inevitably to come up against noise, to attempt to overcome it–and yet to keep it, as part of the very act of reading, within reach.


In this study, we report on negative bias stress (NBS) instability of bottom-gate β-Ga2O3 (100) field-effect transistors and the effect of surface states reduction by using an atomic layer deposited Al2O3 layer. The fabricated devices exhibit high electrical performance with a field-effect mobility of up to 71.6 cm2 V−1 · s−1 and a subthreshold slope of ∼0.2 V dec−1. However, the abnormal positive threshold voltage (VTH) shifts under NBS conditions were observed. These phenomena, resulting from the surface depletion effect due to surface defects including dangling bonds and surface states, were moderated and thus the positive VTH shift was altered into a conventional negative shift by using ALD-Al2O3 surface passivation. The results indicate that a high quality passivation layer is suggested to ensure β-Ga2O3 device performance and stability.


1. The object of this paper is to develope a new method of proving and extending the formulæ of analytical mechanics, and at the same time to show how the different steps themselves, in the analytical work by which those formulæ are generally arrived at, exactly correspond to mechanical or geometrical facts, just as it is shown in modern geometry that the various equations of analytical geometry are capable of important interpretation. 2. If OA and OB be two straight lines drawn from the origin O, then for well-known reasons AB may be called "the complete difference" of OA and OB, and may be denoted by (OB) — (OA).


Abstract This study develops and evaluates a statistical scheme for forecasting warm-season lightning over Florida. Four warm seasons of analysis data from the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) and lightning data from the National Lightning Detection Network are used in a perfect prognosis technique to develop a high-resolution, gridded forecast guidance product for warm-season cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning over Florida. The most important RUC-derived parameters are used to develop equations producing 3-hourly spatial probability forecasts for one or more CG flashes, as well as the probability of exceeding various flash count percentile thresholds. Binary logistic regression is used to develop the equations for one or more flashes, while a negative binomial model is used to predict the amount of lightning, conditional on one or more flashes occurring. The scheme is applied to output from three mesoscale models during an independent test period (the 2006 warm season). The evaluation is performed using output from ...


This paper is presenting the implementation and experimental validation of the cooperative robot localization framework "Atlas". For ease of application, Atlas is implemented as a package for the Robot Operating System (ROS). ATLAS is based on dynamic cooperative sensor fusion which optimizes the estimated pose with respect to noise, respective variance. This paper validates the applicability of Atlas by cooperatively localizing multiple real quadrotors using cameras and fiduciary markers.


With the development of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening, the number of hydrophobic drug candidates continues to increase. However, the low solubility of hydrophobic drugs could induce erratic absorption patterns and affect the drug efficacy. Aptamers are artificially selected highly water-soluble oligonucleotides that bind to ions, small molecules, proteins, living cells, and even tissues. Herein, to increase the solubility of hydrophobic drug, we screened the aptamer by exploiting DNA library immobilization selection strategy and microfluidic technology. The highly water-soluble aptamer might influence the dissolving capacity of its target. To demonstrate the concept, docetaxel (DOC), a second-generation taxoid cytotoxic with significant antitumor agent activity, was chosen as the model. It is generally known that the clinical application of docetaxel is limited greatly owing to its poor water solubility and serious side effects. After seven rounds of selection, two docetaxel-specif...


The North Creek Wetlands Restoration on the University of Washington Bothell campus is home to a large nocturnal American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) roost. Each day from Autumn to Spring, crows form pre- and post-roost aggregations, which consist of tens to hundreds of crows. Crows on these aggregations are often highly vocal, but the functions of their vocalizations are not well understood. Identifying any context-dependent patterns in these vocalizations is critical to fully understand communication in this highly social and intelligent species. Previous studies have shown the presence of human observers near large groups of crows may disrupt natural vocal and non-vocal behavior. In this study, the potential confound of these observer effects are eliminated by recording crow vocalizations using a remotely activated, time-synched microphone array. Simulations are undertaken to study the performance of the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) method to localize individual callers. A parametric study is use...


Biomedical sensor course is an important professional basic course of biomedical engineering.Features of the university and the course are analyzed.Combined with the school thoughts of exploring the new field of information subject,the reform of teaching content is proposed,which reflects the characteristics of electronic and information.Combined with the major developing context in the information age and information environment,guide teaching method is presented,which help the students focus on cultivation and improvement of the learning ability,employability and entrepreneurship.The above-mentioned method is applied to the teaching of biomedical sensor course of 2006 biomedical engineering.Pretty good effects are obtained.


Abstract This paper describes an experimental study concerning the feasibility of using orange oil obtained from orange peel. The combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a direct-injection (DI) diesel engine were studied using orange oil and diethyl ether (DEE). DEE was inducted as an ignition improver through the induction manifold, and orange oil was injected into the engine through a conventional fuelling device as a primary fuel. The test results indicate that the performance of the orange oil—DEE fuel was better than that of diesel fuel. The peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate were found to be higher for the orange oil—DEE fuel than those of diesel fuel. The hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission levels in the engine exhaust increased with orange oil—DEE compared with those of diesel fuel. The smoke and NO x emissions were lower with orange oil—DEE compared with diesel fuel. It is concluded that a diesel engine operated using orange oil—DEE gives simultaneous reduction in NO x and smoke emissions with better performance.


Counselors' administrative work is important part involving all the administrative work in universities and colleges .This article,beginning with students' characteristics in new era,expounds the role of counselors in univertes and colleges.


In this paper we present simulation results obtained with our electro-thermal device simulator when modeling different technology generations of nano-scale fully depleted Silicon-on-Insulator (FD-SOI) devices. The electro-thermal simulator is based on a combined ensemble Monte Carlo device simulator coupled to moment expansion of the phonon Boltzmann transport equations. In particular, we stress out the importance of the temperature boundary conditions for digital and analog circuits and the use of the full model which takes into account both temperature and thickness dependence (which is particularly important for thin silicon films) of the thermal conductivity.


The invasive clam Corbicula fluminea was first recorded in Lake Constance (Germany) in 2003 and subsequently established high population densities at various locations in the lake. In 2010, four standardized field experiments were conducted in Lake Constance, one in each season, to investigate seasonal changes in somatic growth and survival of C. fluminea at different water depths. Somatic growth and survival of the clams were related to seasonal variations in water temperature and seston characteristics, that is, phytoplankton species composition and essential nutrient concentrations, and to the elemental and biochemical composition of clam tissues using principal component analyses and regression models. The field experiments revealed that somatic growth and survival of C. fluminea in Lake Constance were primarily determined by water temperature. In winter, low temperatures (<5°C) and low food supply resulted in high mortality and zero growth. Positive somatic growth rates were recorded in the lake throughout the growing season, when the water temperatures exceeded 10°C. Other seston variables, that is, particulate organic carbon content, phytoplankton species composition, and the elemental (nitrogen, phosphorus) and biochemical (fatty acids, sterols) nutrient composition were of minor importance for growth and survival of C. fluminea in oligotrophic Lake Constance. In parallel to the field experiments, standardized laboratory growth experiments were conducted to assess the effects of temperature on clam growth and survival at high food quantity and quality. The results from the laboratory experiments confirmed the conclusion that somatic growth and survival of C. fluminea in Lake Constance were primarily determined by water temperature. Our data suggest that further spread of C. fluminea may be supported by climate change, because milder winter temperatures and an earlier onset of thermal stratification in spring may reduce winter mortality and thereby extend the growing season for C. fluminea.


The key issue we address in this paper concerns how the available bandwidth within the downlink of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cellular network should be shared between competing users to achieve both fairness and high system throughput. We propose a high performance packet scheduling framework, called MIMO packet-based proportional fairness (MP-PF). The scheduler is work conserving and based on a novel proportional fairness concept that takes the packet length, users' backlogs, and users' guarantees into consideration. Furthermore, we gain an efficient packet-based framework in the MAC layer. Intensive simulation studies that took into consideration the traffic characteristics and the mobility of the users were used to demonstrate the superior performance of our scheduling framework for both the average delay of users and the time/service fairness. We also propose two useful equations for the time/service comparison of MIMO schedulers.


Input shaping is a simple and effective method to suppress residual vibration of robot manipulator.The robust of input shaper is an important parameter to evaluate performance of the input shaping.It expresses a range of the frequency that the input shapers can reduce the vibration of the system.The robust of the input shapers can be obtained by analyzing the curves of sensitivity.First,some input shaping methods are introduced.Second,the methodologies of sensitivity calculation of the input shaper are presented.Finally,the insensitivities of the input shapers with a 3-DOF robot manipulator are analyzed by the numerical simulations.The results of the numerical simulations expressed that the Extra Insensitive input shapers possess the best robust.However,the robust of the Zero Vibration input shapers is the worst.


Offers new data on murder and violence in the Nasrid dynasty of Granada through the discussion of two revolts against sultans Muḥammad III and Muḥammad V based on the translation of the information contained in the workss of the vizier and Grenadian polymath Ibn al-Jaṭīb.


Follows on from an earlier article (Business Information Review, 16 (4) 1999, pp. 197–202), which described the process used by the Economist Intelligence Unit when choosing a new library management system (LMS) to replace their existing, non-Year 2000 compliant (Y2K) system. Focuses on the issues involved in implementing a new system in terms of project management. Sets out the basic principles of project management, noting that some of the most frequent risks are: failure to finish the project on time; budget overspending; and lack of experience by either the project manager or by members of the project team. Considers the practical details of setting up a project team and sorting out who is going to coordinate the project and presents a number of clearly defined steps to ensure its success.


Based on the present technology generally describes a load balancing scheme cloud game system. In some examples, the load balancing system may include a resource using a detection unit, a determination unit and a transmission unit resource by the detection unit is configured to detect a game server resource utilization, the determination unit is configured to at least partially based on the detection by the resource by the detection means determining a resource utilization among the plurality of client devices connected to a game server or on a plurality of client devices to a non-interactive streaming media files, the transmission unit is configured to, when a predetermined game event occurs non-interactive media file stream to one or more client devices.


Objective: Compression wear is an external aid which promotes performance and recovery, diminishes muscular microtrauma, reduces muscle fiber recruitment, improves neuromechanics, enhances coordinative activities, and reduces the perceived exertion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between athletic taping and compression wear on dynamic postural balance in healthy young men. The hypothesis was that the athletic taping and compression wear would affect dynamic postural balance, with athletic taping having a different effect on dynamic postural balance in healthy young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty-seven healthy young men participated in this study. To examine the association between athletic taping and compression wear, 3 clinical measurement tools, including 5 times sit-to-stand (5xSTS), one-leg standing (OLS) test, and Y-bal-ance test (YBT) in 5 different conditions, namely (1) non-supporting, and support with (2) athletic taping, (3) regular compression wear, (4) silicon compression wear, and (5) double-fiber compression wear were used. Results: The distance of the Y-balance test (YBT) on both the dominant and non-dominant sides showed a statistically difference among the 5 supporting conditions ( p <0.05). The distance measured via the YBT in the non-support condition was significantly different than that in the other four supporting conditions ( p <0.05). However, 5xSTS and OLS were not significantly different in these supporting conditions. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that athletic taping, silicon compression wear, and double-fiber compression wear were more effective for dynamic balance than non-supporting and regular compression wear.


In order to solve the stress problem of ammonia scrubber pressure vessel, this paper proposes the analysis steps using finite element method. The study is a type of vertical pressure vessel used to remove pollutants in ammonia gas. Firstly, the modeling of the vertical pressure vessel geometry was carried out using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2017. Secondly, the meshing was carried out using Autodesk Nastran In-CAD 2017. For the meshing, we used tetrahedral element and we chose the parabolic type element order. Thirdly, the analysis was carried out using Autodesk Nastran In-CAD and based on the design pressure of 0,5 MPa with a volume of 1,21 m3. The results showed that the maximum stress occurred in the connection area between the inspection opening and the shell of 333,4 MPa. The maximum displacement occurred in the shell adjacent to the inspection opening was 3,268 mm. Based on ASTM standards on SA 240/A240M Gr 304 material, the maximum strength of material stress was 515 MPa. Finally, theoretical validation was carried out for the entire model, and the results were within the permissible limit.


This study presents a novel zero-shot user-defined keyword spotting model that utilizes the audio-phoneme relationship of the keyword to improve performance. Unlike the previous approach that estimates at utterance level, we use both utterance and phoneme level information. Our proposed method comprises a two-stream speech encoder architecture, self-attention-based pattern extractor, and phoneme-level detection loss for high performance in various pronunciation environments. Based on experimental results, our proposed model outperforms the baseline model and achieves competitive performance compared with full-shot keyword spotting models. Our proposed model significantly improves the EER and AUC across all datasets, including familiar words, proper nouns, and indistinguishable pronunciations, with an average relative improvement of 67% and 80%, respectively. The implementation code of our proposed model is available at https://github.com/ncsoft/PhonMatchNet.


Editor's note: In cloud computing framework, the data security and protection is one of the most important aspects for optimization and concrete implementation. This paper proposes a reliable yet efficient FPGA-based security system via crypto engines and Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) for big data applications. Considering that FPGA or GPU-based accelerators are popular in data centers, we believe the proposed approach is very practical and effective method for data security in cloud computing. —Gi-Joon Nam, IBM Research


In this article, we build on previous work to present an optimization algorithm for nonlinearly constrained multi-objective optimization problems. The algorithm combines a surrogate-assisted derivative-free trust-region approach with the filter method known from single-objective optimization. Instead of the true objective and constraint functions, so-called fully linear models are employed, and we show how to deal with the gradient inexactness in the composite step setting, adapted from single-objective optimization as well. Under standard assumptions, we prove convergence of a subset of iterates to a quasi-stationary point and if constraint qualifications hold, then the limit point is also a KKT-point of the multi-objective problem.


Speak to Me, Mama Maternal effects are effects of the mother (for example, hormones) on her offspring that are independent of genetic inheritance, but related to the mother's phenotype and her environment. Despite their universal occurrence, little is known about the evolutionary influence of maternal effects. Hinde et al. (p. 1373; see the cover) modeled maternal effects in birds and showed that nestling begging, as well as provoking feeding, also provides parents with information about offspring vigor. Conversely, maternal effects provide information to the unborn offspring about parental quality. Experimental studies with canaries provided support for the theoretical predictions, and together these studies show that parent-offspring conflict (that is, the conflict between the offspring for its immediate needs and the need of the parent to conserve resources for any future offspring) is resolved by the reciprocal exchange of information before and after birth. Hormonal signaling ensures a match between parental capacity for resource provisioning and offspring behavior and development after hatching that meet the mother's capacity to provide resources. Prenatal hormonal signaling can match a mother bird's capacity to provide food with her offsprings' expectations. The evolution of family life has traditionally been studied in parallel by behavioral ecologists and quantitative geneticists. The former focus on parent-offspring conflict and whether parents or offspring control provisioning, whereas the latter concentrate on the coadaptation of parental supply and offspring demand. Here we show how prenatal effects on offspring begging can link the two different approaches. Using theoretical and experimental analyses, we show that when offspring control provisioning, prenatal effects primarily serve the parent's interests: Selection on parents drives coadaptation of parent and offspring traits. In contrast, when parents control provisioning, prenatal effects primarily serve the offspring's interests: Selection on the offspring drives coadaptation of parent and offspring traits. Parent-offspring conflict may thus be responsible for the selective forces that generate parent-offspring coadaptation.


PurposeThe study aims to understand how cultural route heritage is conceptualized and managed in China by systematically reviewing the research literature on Chinese cultural route heritage (CRH). The study intends to inspire further discussion on the theoretical and practical development of cultural routes since the development is still at a liminal stage in China.Design/methodology/approachA total of 253 research articles related to Chinese cultural rote heritage from major Chinese and English research databases China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus have been comprehensively identified and reviewed for the purpose of the study.FindingsFour major themes of research on Chinese CRH have been identified: conceptual evaluation, list of the routes and characteristics of the routes, conservation and utilization. The results revealed that China has very rich resources in CRH, many of which were formed a long time ago, which exist across vast geographic regions and have assumed multiple functions and undergone dynamic reciprocal exchanges among diverse cultures and ethnicities.Practical implicationsThe paper summarizes some major obstacles faced by CRH in China and proposes a strategic model to address the need for a more sustainable development of CRH in the Chinese context.Originality/valueThe paper offers a comprehensive overview of CRH in China and discusses practical issues in management and development of heritage great in size, number and complexity.


A one-part adhesive composition for adhering a metal film to a plated steel sheet is provided to reduce the time required for fabricating a colored steel sheet comprising a metal film adhered to a plated steel sheet, to realize excellent peel strength, anti-corrosive property, boiling water resistance and processability. A one-part adhesive composition for adhering a metal film to a plated steel sheet comprises: 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic polyurethane resin; 5-30 parts by weight of a ring-opened epoxy resin; 1-10 parts by weight of gamma-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; 1-10 parts by weight of a blocked isocyanate as a curing agent; 1-10 parts by weight of finely divided amorphous silica; and 10-100 parts by weight of a mixed organic solvent.


1. Data are presented on the sedimentological characteristics of 51 river reaches which include trout (Salmo trutta) spawning grounds from three different hydrological regions of southern England: I, upland, hard-rock of the south west (20 sites); soft-rock of the east with, II, chalk (11 sites) and III, sandstone or limestone (20 sites).

2. Data were obtained using a standard sampling protocol: at each site, five randomly distributed freeze-cores to a depth of 30 cm were taken to yield a composite weight of at least 20 kg.

3. All sites had a well-developed armour layer and at more than 70% of the sites the armour layer had a median b-axis of more than 35 mm and included some cobbles (stones larger than 64 mm).

4. The substratum at 65% of the Type I sites had less than 10% finer than 1 mm contrasting with all sites of Type II having more than 25% sub-1 mm. The Type II sites contained high levels of sands (0.125–1 mm). Type III sites had a wide range of fine sediments (15–53% sub-1 mm) but were characterized by relatively high silt–clay contents (sub-0.063 mm) which exceeded 10% of the sample weights at six sites. At most sites, lower (15–30 cm) sections contained about twice the loading of fine sediments compared with the surface layer (0–15 cm).

5. A target loading for the substratum of a healthy stream of the important sub-1 mm size fraction is set at 14%. Benchmark particle-size distributions for trout streams in (a) upland and (b) lowland areas are presented for use in assessing levels of siltation and in channel restoration in southern England. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A plenty of proceedings of various disciplines fundamental and applied science is devoted to studying of vertebral damage. The special role in studying this pathology is played with methods of mathematical modelling since allow to predict development of adverse deformations of a backbone and to optimize methods of elimination of these damages. Using mathematical model three-vertebra a complex the algorithm of surgical treatment of typical spinal damages is developed.


The concentrations of nineteen environmentally-sensitive trace elements in coal collected from 5 mines, 2 strip mines, 5 power plants and 3 coal washeries from North Shanxi Province to North Ningxia Huizu Autonomous Region are determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Comparison with Chinese and world averages and arithmetical means of concentrations in American coals shows that the concentrations of Hg, Se and Cd are higher in some mine coals. The relationships of concentrations with rank, ash yield and pyritic sulfur indicate that: 1) the contents of Mo, Se, Cr, V, Pb and U are correlative with ash yield; 2) the contents of As, Be, Th, Pb, Sb and Zn are correlative with pyritic sulfur; and 3) deposition environment is more important affecting factor than rank. The modes of occurrence of trace elements are determined by indirect method such as relativity analysis and clustering analysis. The results show that Se, Cr, V, U, Mo, Pb and Th are associated to ash yield while Pb, Th and Hg occur mainly in sulfur mineral and U, Mo, Co and P are distributed in clay mineral.


We studied scent marking by adult male caribou (Rangifer tarandus) during rut in September 1998 at the Large Animal Research Station in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. We used an experimental approach involving two captive groups of two males each to test for effects of social status, tree size, texture, and scent on rubbing behavior by caribou. Dominant males did not rub more often or for a longer duration than subordinates. Caribou rubbed trees with smaller diameters more often than large-diameter trees. Males preferred trees with bark for rubbing to those trees with their bark removed prior to the experiment. Caribou exhibited no preference for posts with pine-oil applied compared with posts without that aromatic scent. We hypothesize that rubbing of trees by male caribou is related to synchronization or priming of estrus in females, but more research is needed to test that potential function of scent marking.


The invention relates to a stepless speed adjusting motor with dual drive. A star shape transmission comprises a sun wheel, a star wheel, a star frame and a gear circle in a same shell body; a main motor is connected with the star frame; the speed adjusting motor is connected with the sun wheel through an off-center type clutch; the sun wheel operates in the opposite direction without resistance after the main motor is electrified; no torque is output when the star frame fails to whirl, therefore, vehicle does not operate. The speed adjusting motor whirls with the main motor in the same direction when an electronic governor provides electric current for the speed adjusting motor. The centrifugal clutch rubs with a driven wheel whirling in the opposite direction by the flick of rotation rejection block of the motor to decelerate until the driven wheel whirls in the same direction. The star frame gradually accelerates along with the change of the sun wheel from the opposite direction to the positive direction. The invention realizes the target of stepless speed change.


The network system structure of TPS distributed control system,made by HONEY WELL of the USA,the characteristic and function of TPS process control station,including high performance manager and fault security controller,and the feature,configuration,algorithms and function of logical point of high performance process controller were discussed,the application situation of logical point was introduced combined with actual cases.


As the individual identification, access control and security appliance issues attract much attention, face recognition applications are more and more popular. The challenge of face recognition is that the performance is mainly constrained by the variations of illumination, expression, pose and accessory. And most algorithms which were proposed in recent years focused on how to conquest these constraints. In this paper, an algorithm which combines Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and gradient features to face recognition is proposed. The feature vectors invariant to image scaling and rotation are firstly extracted by SIFT with a different local gradient descriptor. And PCA is applied to the dimension reduction of the local descriptors for saving the computation time. Then the K-means algorithm is introduced to cluster the local descriptors, and the local and global informations of images are combined to classify human faces. Simulation results demonstrate that PCA-SIFT local descriptors are robust to accessory and expression variations and that these descriptors have better performance than other comparative methods. In addition, PCA-SIFT local descriptors have better computation efficiency than standard SIFT local descriptors because of the dimension reduction of the PCA projection.


Despite being denounced in the first international agreements on monuments, the relationship between heritage and community has become more important in the last few years. This is a bond that has encouraged the development of heritage education initiatives task; despite having been described above, it has become part of a very current agenda. In order to have a look at the prospects that took the heritage education in Chile, this paper installs the discussion of changes in equity notion as meant in part, incorporating the community as an important actor in the patrimonialization process. In the light of international agreements, especially the second part examines the international debate on heritage education, since the interest in creating awareness on the part of States. In a third part, it reviewed the way the community has increased its participation in heritage processes in Chile, in order to raise some challenges. Challenges become especially significant when one considers that, despite the motivation and interest have been raised on the issue, it is a relatively new field.


Transmission Systems Theory of Adaptive Transversal (FIR) Filters Implementation Considerations Tracking the Time-Variations Adaptive Recursive (IIR) Filters The Case of Independent Input Vectors.