Soil erosion is a key factor affecting sustainable agriculture on Chinese Loess Plateau. A 2‐year study was conducted on jujube trees in a controlled study to compare effects of clean cultivation (CC) with jujube branch mulch (WJBM), strip white clover cover (SWC), strip shallow tillage (ST), jujube branch mulch under tree canopy + strip white clover cover (JBM + SWC) and jujube branch mulch under tree canopy + strip shallow tillage (JMB + ST). The study was on sloping soil (26·7%) in mesocosms (2·0 m × 0·8 m × 0·8 m) using a rainfall simulator. Runoff volume and sediment yield were significantly larger under CC than other treatments (p < 0·05), and were least under WJBM. Water infiltration under CC was significantly less than other treatments (p < 0·05), while it was the largest under WJBM. The available nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) runoff loss under CC were significantly larger than others (p < 0·05), and least under WJBM. No differences in soil AN, AP and water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentrations were detected among all treatments. The soil AN and WSOC concentration under all treatments decreased during the growing season and slightly increased during fallow, while AP concentrations fluctuated but decreased slowly. The WJBM was the best management in this sloping jujube orchard study. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of experience, professional commitment, organizational commitment, idealism and relativism in ethics auditor Public Accounting Firm in Bali. The study was conducted in 2016. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The number of samples in this study were 58 auditors and are selected based on purposive sampling method, which has audit experience at least 1 year. In this study, H1 test results show that the experience affects the ethics auditor KAP in Bali. H2 results indicate that the effect on the professional commitment to ethical auditor KAP in Bali. H3 results indicate that organizational commitment to ethics berpenagruh auditor KAP in Bali. H4 results show that the effect on the ethical idealism auditor KAP in Bali. The results show that the H5 effect on ethical relativism auditor KAP in Bali.


Efficient and cheap storage of energy from renewable resources presents a key technology to facilitate the ongoing energy transition. Storing heat in thermochemical materials (TCMs), such as salt h...


Great Lakes Indian art : an introduction / by David W. Penney -- Representational and symbolic forms in Great Lakes-area wooden sculpture / b Evan M. Maurer -- Horse imagery in Native American art / by David W. Penney Janet Stouffer -- Dreams and designs : iconographic problems in Great Lakes twined bags / by Ruth Bliss Phillips -- Beaded twined bags of the Great Lake Indians / by Nancy Oestreich Lurie -- "He heard something laugh" : otter imagery in the Midaewiwin / by Julia Harrison -- Pipe tomahawks from Michiga and the Great Lakes area / by Richard A. Pohrt.


This paper presents a SALBP ( simple assembly line balancing problem ) problem, where n tasks are performed on manual workstations, located along a production line. The problem is studied using the variations SALBP-1, SALBP-2 and SALBP-F; the latter is treated as a bi-objective model, in order to evaluate possible feasible solutions of the combination of stations and process times. The three variations are solved with the use of heuristic methods and analytical methods, to conclude on the complexity of the problem and the efficiency of the proposed solutions.


Intestinal microflora in patients with chronic enterocolitis and duodenal ulcer was studied. Both the cavity of the small intestine and the structures of its mucosa were investigated. The method of aspiration biopsy was used, the samples of multiple washings of the intestinal mucosa and its homogenate were used for seeding. The results thus obtained in indicated that the structures of the mucosa contained microorganisms similar to those isolated from the intestinal cavity, but in lesser amounts and with different characteristics. The proposed method of detecting the microflora in the intestinal cavity and mucosa is simple and can be used in clinical practice.


Case presentation: A 74 year old lady presented with slowly progressive swelling in the gluteal region for 10 years with sudden increase in size for last two months. Biopsy showed it to be a metastasis from follicular thyroid carcinoma. Search for the primary revealed two occult nodule in thyroid. Patient was treated with total thyroidectomy followed by radio iodine ablation. Conclusion: Presentation of thyroid carcinoma as primary bone and soft tissue tumor is rare and mimic primary bone tumor or soft tissue sarcoma. Treatment is by Total thyroidectomy followed by radio iodine ablation.


In the present work, initially, the microwave sintering was used to fabricate a magnesium-based metal matrix composite (MgMMCs) especially Mg3Zn1Ca15Nb, at the same process parameters which were used to develop aforesaid material using conventional sintering. But, no improvement in the results were found, which may be owing to non-optimized parameters of microwave sintering. To carry out the optimization of microwave sintering parameters, first, the range of process parameters was obtained in this study. Sintering temperature (ST), heating rate (HR), and holding time (HT) were selected as sintering parameters. Additionally, the effects of these parameters on the ultimate compressive strength (UCS) as well as the sintered density of Mg3Zn1Ca15Nb were studied. After performing the compression test on the sintered samples (Ø10 × 15 mm2), an increment in both density and UCS was noted with the increase in sintering temperature and heating rate. Whereas sintering the sample above a certain period of holding time, the downward inclination of both UCS and sintered density was observed. The obtained UCS, as well as the density of microwave sintered samples were in the range of orthopedic implantable materials. The images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) affirmed the reduced porosity in the sintered samples as the heating rate increased. Additionally, a combined reduction in agglomeration, as well as cracks in the fabricated sample was observed by increasing sintering temperature. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) study of the microwave fabricated Mg3Zn1Ca15Nb exhibited the presence of only parent elements in the fabricated sample. Also, no phase constituent was recorded in the fabricated sample, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra.


The dynamics of organic electrochemical transistors were studied using in situ infrared spectroscopy. The diffusivity of mixed ion-carrier pairs were quantified and fit with the VTF equation by considering the enthalpy of mixing of the process.


The optimal management of newly detected thyroid nodules is a growing health care problem. With the precipitous rise in cross-sectional imaging over the last 3 decades, the number of asymptomatic, incidentally detected thyroid nodules has dramatically increased. Once detected, patients are informed of the small but not inconsequential risk of malignancy, prompting a discussion of next steps. The management goal is to avoid intervention when unnecessary or when the risks likely outweigh the benefits yet promptly diagnose and treat any harmful malignancy as early as possible. Ultrasound has been the primary tool used to initially guide this clinical decision, and numerous ultrasound-based risk stratification systems have been developed that combine sonographic findings into categories that allow low to high cancer risk stratification. From there, a recommendation to perform fine needle aspiration (FNA) can then be made based upon the overall sonographic risk in conjunction with nodule size. These systems have proven beneficial, though they have been validated primarily in studies investigating their ability to detect papillary thyroid carcinoma. It is with this background that the study by Castellana et al provides important additional information asking if these ultrasound risk stratification systems can similarly detect follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). The answer is yes, they indeed can do so; however, the data also depict important cautionary caveats that inform clinical practice. The investigators retrospectively studied only 45 subjects with follicular carcinoma but found that ultrasound risk stratification systems can guide balanced intervention while avoiding missing dangerous malignancy. Notably in this series, 15 of 45 FTCs were angioinvasive or widely invasive carcinomas, a proportion not dissimilar to that found in larger series. Such higher-risk malignancies pose a significant risk of metastasis and recurrence, and any risk stratification systems must be designed and validated to detect higherrisk lesions. Castellana et al show that this is indeed possible and provide reassurance that the clinical utility of such systems remain high. This investigation, however, also reveals the limits of sonographic evaluation of nodules and demonstrates the need for further investigation. Notable was that the most common sonographic appearance of a follicular carcinoma was an ovoid isoechoic nodule. Such nodules are very common and are generally categorized by risk stratification systems as low to intermediate risk. This informs us that most high-risk sonographic patterns represent papillary carcinoma, yet angioor widely invasive follicular carcinoma (ie, potentially dangerous disease) most often do not appear as sonographically worrisome. Furthermore, these data confirm that sonographic variables alone are insensitive and nonspecific enough to preclude the need for FNA. To complicate this conundrum further, most FTCs prove cytologically indeterminate and thus only after histologic analysis can the diagnosis be confirmed. It is hoped that molecular profiling of nodules can improve more accurate presurgical identification.


Channel Assignment Performance Prediction (CAPP) metrics are theoretical indices that offer an insight into the expected performance of a channel allocation (CA) scheme when deployed in a mesh network. Channel Assignment Link-Weight Metric (CALM) is demonstrated to be a highly reliable CAPP metric that makes accurate predictions regarding expected CA performance. Thus, it is a robust tool that aids network administrators in the task of CA selection for a mesh network. However, the relationship between CALM and observed network capacity is yet unknown, and in this work we attempt to determine if there exists a correlation between the two. We carry out polynomial regression analysis of the results of three test-scenarios simulated on ns-3. We also present CALM value predictions for a given Throughput range to ensure testability of our work through future investigations.


We give conditions for the monodromy group of a Hurwitz space over the configuration space of branch points to be the full alternating or symmetric group on the degree. Specializing the resulting coverings suggests the existence of many number fields with full Galois group and surprisingly little ramification --- for example, the existence of infinitely many such number fields unramified away from {2,3,5}.


Linear multivalued sequential coding networks are circuits whose input and output are synchronized sequences of nonnegative integers less than some fixed number m . The output depends linearly on the present input and a finite number of previous inputs and outputs. The transfer characteristics of such a network are described by a ratio of polynomials in the delay operator, where the multiplication and addition are performed with respect to the fixed modulus m . An algebraic theory of the delay polynomials is obtained. It is shown that a polynomial has a complete set of null sequences if, and only if, its first and last coefficients are prime to the modulus m. The polynomials with no null sequences are characterized. It is shown when common null sequences imply that the polynomials have common factors and that a complete set of null sequences defines the polynomial. It is also shown that a transfer function can be realized if the denominator contains a constant term prime to m and explicit constructions are given. A network is stable if the polynomial in the denominator of the transfer junction has no null sequence. Thus any nontrivial polynomial or its inverse is unstable if we are working modulo a prime. If the modulus is not prime, stable networks with stable inverses are constructed. Finally it is indicated how polynomials with no null sequences can be used to simplify the construction of coding networks.


The Political Visual Literacy (PVL) app is a graphical-recognition system designed to support and inform the work of journalists as they encounter unfamiliar and evolving graphical imagery in the field. Using a combination of computer vision machine-learning techniques and user feedback, the mobile application allows users to select symbols within photographs on their mobile device and receive information about the meaning of those symbols in real-time. A web-based version of the tool allows newsroom editors and others the use the system on desktop devices. The goal is to provide journalists with more information about rapidlyevolving political symbols in a way that can be seamlessly integrated into their existing workflows.


This paper introduces a generalization of the well-known Riccati recursion for solving the discrete-time equality-constrained linear quadratic optimal control problem. The recursion can be used to compute the solutions as well as optimal feedback control policies. Unlike other tailored approaches for this problem class, the proposed method does not require restrictive regularity conditions on the problem. This allows its use in nonlinear optimal control problem solvers that use exact Lagrangian Hessian information. We demonstrate that our approach can be implemented in a highly efficient algorithm that scales linearly with the horizon length. Numerical tests show a significant speed-up of up to two orders of magnitude with respect to state-of-the-art general-purpose sparse linear solvers. Based on the proposed approach, faster nonlinear optimal control problem solvers can be developed that are suitable for more complex applications or for implementations on low-cost or low-power computational platforms. The implementation of the proposed algorithm is made available as open-source software.


Objective To study the clinical outcome of thoracolumbar fractures treated by pedicle screw system. Methods The clinical data of 53 cases of thoracolumbar fractures from Jun 1996 to Aug 2000 were analysed retrospectively. 31 cases were operated with RF system and 22 cases by AF system. Results The patients were followed up from eight months to five years (average of 18 months). 38 cases got anatomic reduction and physiological thoracic lumbar lordosis recovery. The preoperative height of the vertebral body was 40 per cent which was inceased to 95 per cent after the operation. 43 cases gained one to three Frankel grade of neurologic recovery consequently. Conclusion The short segment pedicle screw systems using the posterior approach are effective for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.It has the advantages of less injury, simple manipulation, satisfactory reduction and reliable fixation.


Aberrant activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 disrupts tissue homeostasis, leading to carcinogenesis. Insight into the Obesity and Cancer Connection The activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) increases in response to nutrients. Using mice with increased mTORC1 signaling in the liver due to a liver-specific deficiency in an inhibitory component of the mTORC1 pathway, Menon et al. found that these mice spontaneously developed hepatocellular carcinoma, a frequently occurring and aggressive form of liver cancer that has few treatment options. Treating these mice with a pharmacological inhibitor of mTORC1 (rapamycin) before the appearance of tumors blocked the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as the pathological changes that preceded tumor formation. mTORC1 signaling increases during obesity, a major risk factor for liver cancer; therefore, these results suggest a role for mTORC1 in linking environmental factors such as diet to the risk of developing certain types of cancers. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) is a nutrient-sensitive protein kinase that is aberrantly activated in many human cancers. Whether dysregulation of mTORC1 signaling in normal tissues increases the risk for cancer, however, is unknown. We focused on hepatocellular carcinoma, which has been linked to environmental factors that affect mTORC1 activity, including diet. Ablation of the gene encoding TSC1 (tuberous sclerosis complex 1), which as part of the TSC1-TSC2 complex is an upstream inhibitor of mTORC1, results in constitutively increased mTORC1 signaling, an effect on this pathway similar to that of obesity. We found that mice with liver-specific knockout of Tsc1 developed sporadic hepatocellular carcinoma with heterogeneous histological and biochemical features. The spontaneous development of hepatocellular carcinoma in this mouse model was preceded by a series of pathological changes that accompany the primary etiologies of this cancer in humans, including liver damage, inflammation, necrosis, and regeneration. Chronic mTORC1 signaling led to unresolved endoplasmic reticulum stress and defects in autophagy, factors that contributed to hepatocyte damage and hepatocellular carcinoma development. Therefore, we conclude that increased activation of mTORC1 can promote carcinogenesis and may thus represent a key molecular link between cancer risk and environmental factors, such as diet.


AbstractAnalytical optimal hedging rules are derived for two-objective reservoir operation based on the characteristics of economic and multilevel environmental water demands. This approach is employed to balance current and future economic and environmental water demands using a two-period model. According to the marginal values of utilities, the derived three-step hedging rule curves (THRCs) consist of three steps and six stages. The Huaihe River basin of China is taken as an example to regress the THRCs from a two-objective optimization model. Results show that the derived THRCs can be regressed from the optimal release decision, thereby confirming the derivations and theoretical analysis. The shapes of the THRCs are sensitive to the weight parameters of the objectives and capture the core concern of multiobjective reservoir operation. The THRCs tend to widen and flatten the stages with increasing storage capacity, which implies more water storage and more consideration for future demands.


The thrust for alternative renewable energy carrier with the integration of solid waste management and biofuel production is considering Biohydrogen as one of the most attractive alternatives. The present study aims to assess the suitability of carrot juicing pulp hydrolysate (CJPH) fed membrane less single chambered Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) for the bio-hydrogen production in batch mode under applied voltage of 0.8 V at 30 ± 2 °C. The anode enrichment for bioanode with mixed culture of microorganism was achieved on heat treated graphite rods. The maximum bio-hydrogen production was reported as 0.1 m3 of H2/m3/d at Eapplied = 0.8 V at HRT of 21 days. The maximum COD removal of 76.6 % was reported. These results demonstrated an energy-efficient approach for biohydrogen production from CJPH coupled with waste mitigation.


Abstract Direct effects in mediation analysis quantify the effect of an exposure on an outcome not mediated by a certain intermediate. When estimating direct effects through measured data, misclassification may occur in the outcomes, exposures, and mediators. In mediation analysis, any such misclassification may lead to biased estimates in the direct effects. Basing on the conditional dependence between the mismeasured variable and other variables given the true variable, misclassification mechanisms can be divided into non-differential misclassification and differential misclassification. In this article, several scenarios of differential misclassification will be discussed and sensitivity analysis results on direct effects will be derived for those eligible scenarios. According to our findings, the estimated direct effects are not necessarily biased in intuitively predictable directions when the misclassification is differential. The bounds of the true effects are functions of measured effects and sensitivity parameters. An example from the 2018 NCHS data will illustrate how to conduct sensitivity analyses with our results on misclassified outcomes, gestational hypertension and eclampsia, when the exposure is Hispanic women versus non-Hispanic White women and the mediator is weights gain during pregnancy.


The study was investigate the effect of quality of life of mothers in the postpartum period. This study was a descriptive research study of 113 women who lived in D metropolitan area within 6-8 weeks after birth, Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 program ANOVA, t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple random analysis. Data collection was from August 2018 to September 2018. The results were as follows. The most influential factors on quality of life were parenting stress( β =-.646, p =.000), fatigue( β =-.329, p =.009). It is necessary to develop a nursing intervention program related to physical and mental health because maternal quality of life leads to lower quality of life when feeling emotional mood change such as emptiness and depression.


The degradation of the environment is one of the biggest problems with which the population has to deal everyday around the world. The continuous development of society has caused an increase in sound levels which the people is exposed daily. One of the factors contributing to high levels of noise is transportation, since being mobile sources of noise are present in all the land of a population. This project stems from the need to build a device whose function is to measure the level of sound pressure level present in the environment, collecting data in an easy, fast and economic way. This thesis work presents the design, implementation and use of a first prototype whose main function is the measurement of acoustic waves. The system for carrying out measurements consists of a sensor, electronics of acquisition and preparation of data card, a STM32f429 board based on a Cortex M4 micro controller and a GPS. The software used for programming the system is Keil, it is the platform which defines the code used in the micro controller, as well as a website programmed in Php and designed for the analysis of data in HTML5.


Abstract Doctoral programs often reflect a formal mentoring project wherein an advisor closely guides a junior scholar through degree completion. But the primary mentor-mentee relationship is only one of many relationships that blossoms during this time. 'Mosaic' mentorship models are becoming more common, leading to better outcomes for junior scholars. In this commentary, we reflect on one type of mosaic mentorship model wherein multiple 'generations' mentor more junior scholars (and mentor those who are doing the mentoring, too). The authors are five links in this continuing mentorship chain. Together we reflect on what made this style of mentorship a unique and positive experience, and how graduate programs can support their students by encouraging this model.


New additions to the DAOPHOT family of stellar-photometry software are described, and results of their application to WFC imagery are presented.


IT MAY seem a bold contention by the youthful soil science that the soil as nutrition can be a helpful criterion in mapping the geography of life forms. It is commonly granted that soil is nutrition for plant life. But we usually add that the climatic factors of rainfall and temperature must be considered along with the soil as determinants of the ecological pattern of the plants. Agricultural crops have long been mapped in their geographic distribution according as their growth requires higher or lower temperatures or more or less rain. But we can now make much more accurate assessments of the degree to which the rocks have developed into soil under the climatic forces of rainfall and temperature. Also, we can assess that development as it represents differing degrees either of soil construction or of soil destruction for nourishing those plants which offer higher contents of protein and other nutrients to foraging animals. Thus we can combine, or integrate, the climatic effects with the rock breakdown to evaluate the soil as nutrition. Since livestock and wildlife depend on vegetation for their nourishment, and since man depends on both plants and animals for his foods, should we not be able to set out the various life forms in ecological array so as to outline biotic geography according to the major factor, food? Then should we not also outline that food factor, in turn, according to the higher or lower fertility of the soil that grows it? In the Old World the nomad was self-sufficient in providing his food, raiment, and shelter within limited but wisely chosen soil areas. He followed his herds and flocks, both of which were ruminants. He put his tent, and later his plow, where those quadruped, herbivorous biochemists had gone ahead and assayed the nutritional value of the vegetation. His moves defined the territory where his herds had declared that the fertility of the soil underlay not only the plants' photosynthetic process of making carbohydrates but also their biosynthetic process of making proteins and all the other essential food complexes. His animals had mapped the soils that produced the food by which their bodies could grow, could be protected against disease, and could keep the life stream of the species flowing through fecund reproduction.


ABSTRACT In the literature and in management practice it is taken for granted that service quality is the most relevant factor for success of hotels. Quality-management instruments and practices measure and improve service quality as perceived by guests. Service quality is understood to enhance personal recommendations and customer loyalty–both of which create positive word-of-mouth communication. However, previous studies have neglected to research the link between the overall strategy of hotels and quality-management practices. This relationship is of importance because various competitive strategies might have different implications for quality management. The empirical results of the present study indicate that consistency between strategies and quality-management instruments can support perceived service quality. Therefore integrated quality management enhances positive word-of-mouth recommendation.


Heavy metals pollution in wastewater from agriculture and industrial waste has been a great concern due to their toxic condition and adverse effect to the environment and human life. One of the treatment of heavy metals through biosorption. In this study, zinc is the highest concentration heavy metal in mosaics wastewater with 350 - 450 mg/L and thus, it has been selected for further study for heavy metals removal. Honeydew rind was used as biosorbent material to remove zinc in the wastewater. Characterization and optimization study were carried out. The optimum condition for pH, biosorbent amount, concentration of wastewater and contact time are at pH 6, 1.5g adsorbent, 400 mg/L zinc and 30 minutes contact time respectively 63% zic removal. This finding indicates that honeydew rind is effectively acted as biosorbent in biosorption process for removing zinc from wastewater.


Swamp land have great potential to be a strategic choice for the development of agricultural production area to the front of the face of increasingly complex challenges, especially to compensate for shrinkage of arable land and an increase in production demand, including food security. During this time, swamp land have been used for agricultural production areas, such as used for rice farming. Rice farming is the main livelihood for the people living in the swamp lands to earn income for their household. With the increased income earned through farming activities outside the farm and household food needs are met daily, so as to improve household food security. Associated with household income and resilience can not be separated from the contribution and participation of women. Women have employment opportunities that can generate additional income for their household, which in turn can improve household food security. The purpose of this study was to (1) identify the level of participation of women farmers in rice farming in swamp land, (2) assess the condition of the level of household food security of women farmers in the rice swamp land seen from Share of Food Expenditure (PPP) and (3) analyze relationship with the level of participation wanitatani household level food security of women farmers in the rice swamp land. This research was conducted in Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The results showed that the level of participation of women farmers in rice usatani in the high category. The level of household food security of women farmers in the rice swamp land, which is 69 percent food secure and 31 percent food vulnerable. From the results of the research can be seen also that there is a positive relationship between the participation of women farmers in rice farming with the level of their household food security.


Our society really owes its origin to an enthusiastic interest in entomology on the part of two young men who were beginning a study of insects shortly after the middle of the last century, and to the support and encouragement given them by a college professor who himself had a non-professional interest in entomology. These two young men were Charles James Stewart Bethune and William Saunders. The former was to become headmaster of Trinity College School and later head of the Department of Entomology and Zoology at the Ontario Agricultural College.


e15108Background: Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies are used for the treatment of RAS wild type (wt) metastatic colorectal cancer. However, only a fraction of patients selected for treatment by the R...


Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10% and it remains a cancer lacking effective therapy options when tumors progress. The development of novel drug regimens for MPM treatment have been limited during the last two decades, with the exception of combinations including immune checkpoint inhibitors. In 2019, Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in combination with pemetrexed plus platinum-based chemotherapy were approved by the FDA for the first-line treatment of unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic, MPM. However, the mechanism of action of TTFields and their interaction with chemotherapeutic agents are not fully elucidated yet, thus a better knowledge may contribute to the design of more effective clinical trials for MPM patients. A panel of primary MPM cells was isolated from pleural effusion and/or lavages of patients' thoracic cavity, before administration of therapeutic treatment, obtaining cell lines from the 3 subtypes of MPM. Epithelioid and sarcomatoid subtypes revealed different sensitivities to TTFields, with a stronger impact of the treatment on cell proliferation in the epithelioid subtype. This was associated with a higher modulation of transcription at different times of TTFields exposure, as demonstrated by RNA-seq analysis. Some of the genes modulated by the treatment encode membrane transport proteins, especially of the solute carrier family (SLC), in both sarcomatoid and epithelioid cells. This suggested a possible role of TTFields in cellular drug uptake and efflux. To test this hypothesis two cell lines, the sarcomatoid CD60 and the epithelioid CD473, have been treated with 150 kHz TTFields in combination with doxorubicin (DXR) following different schedules of treatment and the intracellular drug concentrations were assessed by HPLC measurements. TTFields exposure increased cellular uptake of DXR in both MPM models, but the effect was higher in CD473 epithelioid cells. After 24h of treatment with 1 µM DXR the amount of intracellular drug in sarcomatoid cells exposed to TTFields was almost twice that of the samples treated with DXR alone, while in epithelioid cells intracellular DXR concentration was almost four times higher than that found in TTFields untreated samples. This behavior might be ascribed to a different modulation of the gene coding for P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), which was markedly downregulated by TTFields treatment in epithelioid cells only. Similar experiments are in progress to test the impact of TTFields on cellular drug uptake in different combination schedules with other anticancer compounds. These data suggest that TTFields may increase the efficacy of drug treatments by enhancing the intracellular drug concentration and their possible confirmation by further experiments may represent an important rationale for the design of novel MPM therapies.
 Citation Format: Monica Lupi, Rosy Amodeo, Lavinia Morosi, Laura Mannarino, Lara Paracchini, Sergio Marchini, Federica Grosso, Roberta Libener, Giovanni L. Ceresoli, Maurizio D'Incalci. Tumor treating fields enhance cellular drug uptake in mesothelioma cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 380.


A dynamic output buffer circuit is provided to perform an automatic impedance matching and a pre-emphasis by a circuit installed inside a chip when appropriately selecting a test circuit. A dynamic output buffer circuit includes a controlling circuit(410) and an output circuit(420). The controlling circuit(410) includes a pre-emphasis circuit, an impedance matching circuit, and a register circuit. The controlling circuit(410) matches the characteristic impedance of a metal line with the output impedance of a dynamic output circuit. The output circuit(420) includes a dynamic ODT(430) and an input stage(440). The output circuit(420) outputs at least one output signal(D/O) controlling the output impedance and performing pre-emphasis to at least one input signal(D/I).


PURPOSE: A wall greening system is provided to use a simple structure for providing environment-friendly greening of a wall surface. CONSTITUTION: A frame (200) is installed on a wall surface, and includes an installation space unit and plural through-holes on the front and rear sides to be connected to the installation space unit. A vegetation supporting plate (300) is installed inside the installation space unit to have a horizontal plane. A vegetation bag (100) is for locating a plant planted through the through-holes. Vegetation soil is filled in a storage space unit of a bag body for planting plants. A first mesh frame (210) includes through-holes in a mesh form. A second mesh frame (220) forms an installation space at a certain interval from the first mesh frame. A first hanging protrusion (320) is formed on one end of the horizontal plane (310).


An attempt has been made in this study to check the adequacy of the trap efficiency on the deposition amount, movement, and pattern of the sediment using three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) on a settling basin of Budhi-Ganga Hydropower Project (BHP). The prediction of the amount of sediment deposition, its movement, and deposition pattern is necessary during the planning, designing, and implementation phase of the hydropower projects as sediment particles larger than a certain size can cause erosion and damages to underwater machines. Four different cases with seven different particle sizes (0.8125mm, 0.4375mm, 0.2325mm, 0.1975mm, 0.15375mm, 0.10125mm and 0.075mm) has been taken during simulation. Trap efficiency for different particle sizes has been compared and trap efficiency of 99% was achieved for the particle size 0.2mm from numerical simulation which is a 13% deviation with the result obtained from physical modeling. Keywords— Settling basin, deposition pattern, trap efficiency, CFD, FLOW-3D


Objective To analysis the clinical application effect of endosnasal transsphenoidal approach microscopic resection Pituitary adenoma. Methods 48 patients with pituitary adenoma were divided into conventional treatment control group and observation group of nasal butterfly microscopic resection, compared two groups of patients after surgery, the tumor size, tumor residual, the difference between hormone decline situation. Result The observation group reduced the size of the tumor and endocrine hormone decline in the proportion of patients were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.05).Conclusion endosnasal transsphenoidal approach microscopic resection Pituitary adenoma has high tumor resection, postoperative patients with significantly lower hormone levels.


The freedom of speech is one of the most important fundamental rights and one of the preconditions for the good functioning of democracy. Because no right can be an absolute one, the most delicate issue is to establish a fair balance between the exercise of this right and the protection of general interests or of individual rights of other persons. By the present study, we propose to analyze the sphere of free speech of judges, its correlations with other fundamental rights, but also its limit, having in mind the present social environment, in which the generalized attacks to the address of justice are grooving, and "value judgments" are transformed into "popular judgments" in the shape of an "extraordinary appeal" against every judgment.


We describe an algebraic methodology for implementing model checking algorithms. In this methodology temporal logic formulas are seen as phrases of a source language Ls and the sets of states of a as elements of an algebra of sets called the target language, Lt. Thus, the model checker becomes an algebraic compiler C : Ls → Lt which maps temporal logic formulas in Ls into the sets of states of the model in Lt which satisfy these formulas. Since algebraic compilers can be automatically generated from algebraic specifications of the source and target algebras this methodology enjoys the advantage of the automatic generation of model checking algorithms from the algebraic specification of the temporal logics and their associated models. Also, since algebraic compilers implement translation via a homomorphism between the source and target algebras, which is a naturally parallel computation, the model checkers thus implemented are naturally parallel algorithms.


Nourished from the circular concept of time and classical literature,and enlightened by Latin-American magic realism,the new period Mongolian writer Hailegenna used the circular narrative with its charm in his literary creation. Based on the stories by Hailegenna,The paper is written to disclose the ecological concern reflected in the prairie writing by comparing the circle structure,such as a spiral ring structure,"come and go"structure,and"come back to life" structure.


Clean tungsten carbide surfaces catalyze dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis reactions of alkanes and alcohols and hydrogenation of alkenes. Tungsten carbide surfaces contain sites with a broad range of binding energy; these sites can be selectively titrated by chemisorbed CO, H and O adatoms. Chemisorbed oxygen introduces WO x sites and replaces the WC x sites with bronsted acid sites catalysing skeletal isomerization, oligomerization, cracking of alkenes, isomerization of cycloalkenes and dehydration of alcohols


Divinyl esters of dibasic acids, CH2CHOCO(CH2)n−2COOCHCH2, n = 2–10, were synthesized and polymerized with a radical initiator, and the structure of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) derived from the polymers were studied. The cyclopolymerizability of these monomers was nearly equal to or less than that of divinyl carbonate which was previously reported, and the extent of cyclization was 15–65%. All the monomers yielded gelled polymers. The monomers which are to yield even-membered rings tend to cyclopolymerize more easily than those of odd-membered rings. PVA derived from these polymers showed a similar structure with respect to 1,2-glycol content and stereoregularity to that from poly(vinyl acetate).


The photodissociation of glyoxal has been investigated by monitoring the CO internal energy distribution using tunable vacuum ultraviolet laser‐induced fluorescence on the A←X system. Appearance times for the CO are in excellent agreement with the glyoxal fluorescence decay times, indicating that there is no long‐lived intermediate in the dissociation. The quantum yield for CO production is independent of the K quantum number describing the glyoxal rotation. The CO is formed almost entirely in v=0 but is spread over a broadly excited rotational distribution peaking at J≂42. Analysis of the CO Doppler profiles shows that the velocity of the CO increases with increasing rotational level and that the CO recoil velocity vector is oriented predominantly perpendicular to its angular momentum vector. These observations, which are in agreement with both previous time‐of‐flight data and molecular orbital calculations, are consistent with a model for the dissociation involving planar intermediates for the two chann...


Productivity-decline characteristics for typical Gulf Coast wells have been interpreted to indicate severe well-bore impairment resulting from migration of clay or fines toward the borehole. This damage probably occurs to some depth in the formation (perhaps greater than 1 to 2 ft). The HF fraction of a mud acid stimulation treatment spends quite rapidly when it contacts clay and fine siliceous material. Thus, a normal mud acid treatment only affects the formation in the immediate vicinity of the well bore and does not remove in-depth damage. This paper describes SGMA, an in situ HF generation system (Self-Generating Mud Acid) developed to provide an in-depth stimulation technique. This method involves pumping into the formation an aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride and an organic ester (say, methyl formate); with time, the ester hydrolyzes to produce an organic acid (e.g., formic acid). The organic acid is almost instantly converted to HF, which rapidly dissolves clay or siliceous fines present in the pores. The method may be used over a bottom-hole temperature range from 100/sup 0/ to 225/sup 0/F and HF solutions up to a concentration of 3.5% can be generated.


Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder of human pregnancy, affecting about 6% of all pregnancies worldwide, and is one of the leading causes of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of research into the pathogenesis of this complex disease, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. As a result, the options for prevention and management of PE are limited. In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence suggesting that folate deficiency is associated with PE, and folic acid supplementation may reduce the risk of developing PE in certain populations. Folate contributes to cell division and growth, and folate metabolism is involved in a large number of physiological and pathophysiological processes in human development. Sufficient supply of folate is therefore particularly important during pregnancy. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of folic acid deficiency increasing the risk of developing PE are still unclear. This article reviews what is understood about the aetiology of PE and the relationship between folate metabolism and PE so as to enhance further discussions on the subject.


ABSTRACT By using a camera lucida (drawing tube) positioned below the photo tube, many transmitting or reflected light microscopes may be set up so that all film log information is recorded on the film, eliminating much record-keeping.


Hyperhomocysteinemia is one of independent risk factor of cerebrovascular disease,if which the relationship with brain small vessel disease has become the study focus.Alba raritas is one of brain small vessel disease.The article reviews clinical study about relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and Alba raritasischaemic leukoaraiosis,possible mechanism and clinical significance.


Reveals the outcome of research into thermal improvements in commercial office refurbishment, comparing practice between Amsterdam, Hamburg, London, New York and Toronto. Sought a deeper understanding of the reasons why thermal improvements may and may not be incorporated into refurbishment and took an analytical, rather than statistical approach. Found that similar practice occurs, with the status of thermal improvements low compared to other factors. Legislation is complied with, though it represents a minimum permissible standard. States that landlords pass on running costs to occupiers and incentives for reducing costs are minimal. Posits that refurbishment with thermal improvements as a priority are rare; however, all refurbishment involves some improvement, often incidentally, through improved technology.


Distributed sensing of temperature using fluorescence can be achieved by using time-correlated two-photon excitation. To assess the extension of this technique to crystal fibres, the two-photon absorption cross-section of ruby (Cr:sapphire) was measured by comparing the fluorescence yield for two-photon excitation with that for single-photon excitation of the same transition. Its wavelength dependence was determined over the 0.8-1.2μm range with a maximum room temperature value of 5.5 x 10-53cm4.s.ion-1.photon-1 being observed at 840nm for e-polarisation. From room temperature to 400oC, the two-photon absorption cross-sections at 1.06μm showed small increases for linearly polarised light but an increase of ~ 300% for circularly polarised light. The feasibility of a distributed optical fibre temperature sensor based on time-correlated two-photon excited fluorescence in ruby is discussed.


Previous studies have shown the trajectory from behavioral inhibition in preschool children to anxiety disorders starting in the early school years.


This paper was based on the innovation mode of application excellence engineer's education, and a new talent cultivation mode was explored for local university's application excellence engineer in order to be adapting to regional economic and social needs and the development of characteristic industries, and highlight its professional characteristics. In this paper, engineering knowledge, engineering quality, engineering ability, teamwork spirit and professional ethics training were selected to construct as the main thread. Besides, 3+1 university-enterprise cooperation talent cultivation system, a new talent cultivation project based on course platform, skill platform and comprehensive quality platform and a three-stage multi-level experimental and practical teaching system were all researched, which would provide some valuable examples of the applied innovative talent's cultivation for local university during the regional advantage characteristic industry transformation and upgrading and the development of strategic emerging industries.


The ability to reach a high performance, skill related to particular game is essential for basketball players to excel in competitions. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the cluster training and Pilate training on skill performance of school basketball players. To achieve the purpose of the study 30 school basketball players were randomly selected from Amirta Vidyalayam School, Coimbatore and their age were ranged between 13 and 17 years. The subjects were randomly assigned to two equal groups (n=15). All the subjects were divided in to two groups with 15 subjects each as experimental and control group. Group-I underwent Cluster training and Pilate training for a period of twelve weeks and group-II acted as control who did not participate in any special training other than the regular routine. The physical variables such as leg explosive power, flexibility were selected as dependent variables. Leg explosive power was tested by standing broad jump, flexibility was tested by sit and reach. Pre and posttest random group design was used for this study. The dependent 't' test was applied to determine the difference between the means of two group. To find out whether there was any significant difference between the experimental and control groups. To test the level of significant of difference between the means 0.05level of confidence was fixed. The result of the study shows that, there was a significant improvement takes place on leg explosive power, flexibility of school basketball players due to the effect of twelve weeks of Cluster training and Pilate training and also concluded that, there was a significant difference exists between experimental and control groups on Leg explosive power, flexibility. The control group did not improve the selected criterion variables. This protocol can be recommended to coaches for athletes or individuals as this type of training can be beneficial for increasing performance.


Background: Chest compression with adequate depth and number is one of the main indicators of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Nevertheless, no proper counting technique is suggested to provide sufficient number of massages. Aim: To compare the effects of three techniques of chest compression counting on the quality of CPR and rescuer fatigue. Method: Inthis clinical trial, 30 rescuers (divided into three groups) performed all the three techniques of chest compression counting (without counting [common], alternate [counting from 1 to 10], and continuous [counting from 1 to 100]) in 90 different resuscitation events at Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad, Iran, in 2015. Rescuer fatigue was evaluated using visual analogue scale to evaluate fatigue, and quality of massage was evaluated by the level of end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2); massage was calculated in minutes. Data was analyzed in SPSS using ANOVA and Friedman test. Results: The mean age of the rescuers was 30.6±6.8 years. Based on Kruskal-Wallis test results, common, continuous, and alternate techniques were in descending order of fatigue level, and the common, alternate, and continuous techniques were in descending order of number of massages. In addition, according to ANOVA, the highest ETCO2 levels were observed in the alternate, continuous, and common techniques, respectively; the difference between the techniques was significant (P<0.001). Implications for practice: The use of alternate counting technique reduces rescuer fatigue, elevates ETCO2 during resuscitation, and makes approximating the number of massages to the number advised by the American Heart Association possible.


The first new kind of inexhaustible resources of modern digital economics - "information" in the article is analyzed; the basics of the concept of "Big Data" are summarized; the promise of concept and "Industry 4.0" is justified; the main conclusions about the prospects of further mutually beneficial cooperation with the People's Republic of China in the development of a modern digital economy are formulated.


This report is written as part of the research project "Efficient planning of railway infrastructure maintenance", funded by the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket) and conducted within ...


Nowadays, electrical power systems are advancing through continuing development in interconnection, practically through the use of new technology and controls. Therefore, the study of power system stability has been known as an important and challenging problem for secure power system operation. Generally, power system stability is classified into steady state, transient and dynamic stability. The analysis of transient stability is one of the important items in the planning and maintaining for security power system operation. The transient stability is defined as the ability of the power system to keep up synchronism when subjected to a severe disturbance. In this paper, the transient stability analysis of 3-machine, 7-bus system has been performed on electrical transient analyzer program (ETAP) and investigated the determination of whether or not synchronism is maintained when occurred a three phase fault on a transmission line. In addition, this paper described the improvement of the transient stability performance by using power system stabilizer (PSS), it was built-in with a specific generator. This PSS is accomplished by exciter control to provide better response to the system modes of oscillations.


This study determined baseline health and condition values of Pacific herring Clupea pall as^ in 1994 In Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. In April 1994, 134 herring were collected from 3 spawning sites in PWS, including a sequential sampling from l site. For each herring, morphometric characteristics, sex and presence of gross external and internal lesions were documented, and samples were processed for aging, virological, bacteriological and histological analysis. The study did not reveal trends in herring health and cond~tion in 1994 that could reasonably be attributed to the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill in 1989. No viruses or pathogenic bacteria were detected, but herring worms, a coccidian parasite and a systemic and virulent fungal infection were found in the herring. The degree of vacuolation in liver cells, previously thought to indicate exposure of fish to oil, varied significantly with the stage of reproductive development of the herring. Similarly, the liver melanomacrophage index, also bel~eved to be correlated with environmental toxicant exposures, varied significantly among sample locations and with collection date. In this study, significant differences in age distribution of spawning herring populations occur in close geographic proximity and collect~on time intervals in PWS. Based on our results, the use of condition factor, disease and indices of liver function to indicate pollutant exposure are likely to be invalid unless other factors unrelated to pollutant exposure are taken into account, such as reproductive stage of the herring, spawning behavior and location, age of herring and collection date. Thus, we conclude that various hypotheses advanced regarding impacts of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill as well as other cases of environmental contamination cannot be supported without rigorous statistical evaluation of natural variations in indices of fish health and condition.


Chest compression (CC) constitutes the most popular and effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation technique employed by civilians and medical staff. This report documents the risk of harm during CC. A 72-year-old woman called for an ambulance due to dyspnea. She experienced cardiopulmonary arrest upon arrival of the ambulance and was administered CC. After two cycles of CC, the paramedic experienced pain and realized that his right palm was injured. The patient had undergone cardiac surgery 20 years previously, and a part of the wire had escaped through the surgical scar


According to a fabricated reinforced concrete model building the analysis mode and theory of earthquake reaction are analyzed when the sliding isolation components are installed in several layers. In this system the foundation is permitted with sliding and upper layer adopts sliding isolation structure. This system changes the mode of transmission of earthquake reaction and adds more difficulties in the earthquake reaction analysis. Author establishes proper structural model of earthquake reaction dynamic analysis and studies mechanical mechanics. The corresponding formula of real time analysis for earthquake reaction is built to supply the foundation for dynamic calculation of this structure.


This paper examines the organizational dilemmas of South African socialism during its legal phase of existence from 1921–1950. It points to structural factors arising from capitalism's combined and uneven development, such as extreme regionalism and a rigidly‐divided working class, which impeded the development of a stable socialist movement. Within these structural constraints, socialists sought to build the organizational stability and continuity which they believed necessary to strengthen socialism as a political movement, to build political alliances and to facilitate working class and black unity. But socialism's organizational dilemmas, communism's centripetalism and Trotskyism s centrifugalism accentuated the difficulties in building political alliances, and socialists remained posed ambiguously between the white working class, black working class and black petty bourgeoisie. This paper illustrates the complex interrelationship between the organizational question and the development of political mo...


The utility model belongs to the field of laundry racks and particularly relates to an anti-theft laundry rack capable of automatically opening and closing a window and sensing the wind and the rain. The anti-theft laundry rack comprises a support, an up and down lifter, an out-of-window cantilever device, a wind power detection system, an infrared anti-theft system, a rainwater detection system and an electric window opening device, wherein the up and down lifter comprises a plurality of stretch arms which are mutually connected in a cross way; the upper end of the up and down lifter is fixed to the support; the lower end of the up and down lifter is fixedly provided with a horizontal plate; the out-of-window cantilever device comprises a plurality of cross-shaped connecting rods which are mutually hinged; the fixed end of the out-of-window cantilever device is mounted on the horizontal plate; the free end of the out-of-window cantilever device is fixedly connected with the laundry rack; the wind power detection system is mounted on the laundry rack; the electric window opening device is mounted on a window; the infrared anti-theft system is mounted on a pane; the rainwater detection system is arranged on a wall outside the window. The laundry rack is capable of realizing the automatic clothes collecting and air drying function according to the weather change, an infrared reflection burglar alarm is arranged on the window and is connected with a community or a security room, and an anti-theft effect is effectively realized.


Electrical resistivity tomography(ERT) method was used to detect air-raid shelters,and 2-D resistivity tomography clearly shows their locations and depths.Meanwhile,high-precision magnetic survey was carried out to improve the reliability of exploration and outline the elongation of the air-raid shelter.The two geophysical methods were integrately applied in the detection of the air-raid shelter under the campus of University of Science and Technology of China,with very satisfactory results.


To improve the production of Bacillus subtilis natto kinase and select the strain with high thrombolytic ability, the ultraviolet mutation breeding of Bacillus subtilis natto was studied. Four kinds of bacterial suspensions with different nitrogen sources were diluted in proportion and then put into the culture medium to select the best nitrogen source according to the concentration by observing the number of colonies. Milk-agar plate screening method and agar powder-fibrin plate method were used to select the mutagenic strains and enzyme activity. Based on ultraviolet physical mutagenesis, the strains with high enzyme activity yield were selected, and the effects of case fatality rate and positive mutation rate on them were analyzed. The results indicated that the highest positive mutation rate of 3% could be obtained by using 40 W ultraviolet lamp at a distance of 20 cm for 60 s. The highest kinase activity of the obtained high-yield strain was 534.95 U/mL, which was 11.84% higher than that of the original strain.


A denosine and adenosine 5' -triphosphate (ATP) are two ubiquitous biologic compounds, found in every cell of the human body. In addition to their well-known metabolic roles, these purine compounds exert a wide range of effects,1 including (1) vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels,2'3 (2) triggered synthesis and release of prostaglandins,4'5 (3) inhibition of platelet aggregation,6 (4) modulation of the autonomic nervous system, and (5) modulation of respiration.7-9 In the mammalian heart, adenosine and ATP exert pronounced direct inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects on atrial contractility, the junctional and ventricular pacemaker, sinus nodal activity, and atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction, respectively.1013 The depressant effects of adenosine and ATP on the AV node have led to the use of these compounds as antiarrhythmic agents for the acute management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.14 In addition, since these compounds are released from myocardial cells under both physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions,157 it has been suggested that adenosine is involved in the production of some arrhythmias characterized by sinus-node dysfunction, AV conduction disturbances, or both.18'19 Indeed, evidence of adenosine mediation in atropine-resistant AV block following myocardial ischemia in humans has recently been presented.20'21 Since the first demonstration of the electrophysiologic effects of adenosine and related compounds by Drury and Szent-Gyorgyi more than 50 years ago, research in the field has concentrated on two main areas: (1) the electrophysiology of endogenous adenosine and ATP and (2) the electropharmacology of exogenous adenosine and ATP. Both areas have immediate clinical implications: the first with regard to the mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias and the second with regard to their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.


The International Academy of Suicide Research (IASR) was founded in 1990 with the intention of decreasing suicide mortality by creating a network of the foremost academics in the field of suicidology. Promoting and increasing research on the psychopathological, cognitive and biological characteristics of suicidal individuals and conduct of controlled trials to test suicide prevention methods were goals that sought to improve suicide prevention. Given the small number of such academics in each country, bring the best experts and their findings together, comparing results across nations, cultures and ethnic groups facilitates identifying identify which components of an intervention are effective, and improving strategies for future suicide-preventive programmes. Here, the history, goals and efforts of the IASR are described to guide future international research efforts.


Many zero temperature transitions, involving the deviation in the value of a $U(1)$ conserved charge from a quantized value, are described by the dilute Bose gas quantum critical point. On such transitions, we study the consequences of perturbations which break the symmetry down to $Z_N$ in $d$ spatial dimensions. For the case $d=1$, $N=2$, we obtain exact, finite temperature, multicritical crossover functions by a mapping to an integrable lattice model.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the determinants of financial inclusion and the determinants of barriers to financial inclusion in India. Also, the purpose is to ascertain the determinants of informal financial activities in India.

Design/methodology/approach
The data have been collected from the Global Findex Database (Findex) 2017. Various measures of financial inclusion, namely, ownership formal accounts, use of accounts for saving and borrowing, ownership and use of the debit card are used. The independent variables used are: age, income, education and gender. Given the binary nature of dependent variables, this paper uses the Probit model to draw the inferences.

Findings
The results show that gender, age, education and income have a significant impact on the various measures of financial inclusion. Additionally, these factors have a significant impact on the informal saving and borrowing.

Research limitations/implications
The given study uses the deferent measures of financial inclusion. An index of financial inclusion created using all the financial inclusion measures would be a better indicator of financial inclusion.

Practical implications
The results of this study would be useful for policymakers to identify the determinants and barriers of financial inclusion in India. The results show that policymakers should focus on the female population, in particular, and education and income enhancing measures, in general, to make financial inclusion more inclusive.

Originality/value
The study is the first of its kind to analyze financial inclusion in India using the Findex. Unlike previous studies, variables such as education and income are constructed more pragmatically. In particular, the study tries to understand the socio-economic determinants of financial inclusion measured as ownership of formal accounts, formal saving, formal credit, ownership of debit cards and use of debit cards. The study also analyzes the determinants of barriers to financial inclusion, savings (formal and informal) and borrowing (formal and informal).


objective  Diabetes is associated with coronary microvasculature abnormalities and impaired coronary flow reserve (CFR). CFR is the ratio of coronary flow under maximal vasodilation to basal flow and is a measure for coronary vasoreactivity. Insulin resistance is the central defect in the development of type 2 diabetes, preceding its onset by 10–20 years. Thus, the relationship between insulin sensitivity and CFR in nondiabetic subjects is particularly interesting. The aim of the study was to investigate this relationship.


In this article the author discusses the important role of the character sketch in the development of narrative prose in the mid-nineteenth century – its sources for content and form (the accent on description of milieu, the first-person narrator, the realia) helped to overcome the straight-jacketof the influence of the sentimental, novelistic storyline. The article, a result of the author's long-term research on Czech Revivalist periodicals from 1786–1850, brings together material on the typology and development of the sketch. She notes the 1830s–40s boom in sketches and the prestige that the form enjoyed in the period – for instance, the participation of leading writers in its cultivation, its publication in serious periodicals and annuals, and its inclusion with high literature in Jungmann's Slovesnost (Verbal art, 1845). Czech eriodicals of the 1830s and 1840s largely contained translations of works by foreign writers including Henry Bonaventure Monnier, Charles Dickens, Charles Paul de Kock, Jules Janin, and Faddei Venediktovich Bulgarin). Translation too, however, contributed to the development of the character sketch, which,
on the one hand, adopted the fundamental attributes of the Western form (the moralizing, satirical
tone, and attention to problems of big-city life and the special features of marginal peoples), and, on the other hand, pointed out special domestic features, in particular a nationalist and Slavophil propaganda function (for example, the thematization of the Bohemian or Slav countryside, the past and present of the Revival movement, the idealization of the rural Bohemian community as representative of the nation, and a critical, satirical view on national renegades or fashionable jingoism). The author has not, on the other hand, found any of the features that distinguish a Vienna type of Biedermeier 'sketch'. The artistically most valuable, she believes, are original sketches like Frantisek Ladislav Celakovský's (1799–1852) 'povahopisy', Josef Kajetan Tyl's (1808–1856) Prague and Kutna Hora physiological sketch' influenced both by both Romantic views and by Revivalist ideology, the social-critical and critical patriotic sketch by Karel Havlicek (1821–1856), and the social-anthropological sketch that concentrates on the portrayal of the Bohemian and Slavonic folk by Karel Vladislav Zap (1812–1871) and his wife Honorata (1825–1856), as well as Božena Němcova (1820?–1862), Daniel Sloboda (1809–1888 ), Ludvik Rittersberk (1809–1858), and Bedřich Moser (1821–1864) in his satirical sketch of 1848. In addition to this topic, the author indicates numerous occurrences of a related form, the Lebensbild, which, like the sketch, endeavours to present a milieu, mostly socially problematic, but, more important, seeks to use the story line and the actants. Němcova's Babicka (The Grandmother, 1855) represents the height of the form.


Most studies investigating anuran jumping behaviour have examined the relationship between body size and parameters such as jump distance, velocity, and force; however, few have investigated jump trajectory. We constructed an arena to determine escape trajectories in relation to the direction of an artificial stimulus in the aromobatid Mannophryne trinitatis (Garman, 1888) and two treefrogs, Trachycephalus venulosus (Laurenti, 1768) and Hypsiboas geographicus (Spix, 1824). Three categories of M. trinitatis (i.e., tadpole-transporting males, nontransporting males, and females) and three ontogenetic stages of the treefrogs were compared. Mannophryne trinitatis escaped in a broadly predictable trajectory away from the stimulus, although jump trajectories were highly variable, suggesting a degree of unpredictability. No systematic differences were found between categories of M. trinitatis, adding to the findings of previous studies that larval transport incurs no measurable locomotor costs on antipredatory ju...


Abstract — The influence of natural convection on a mixed convection boundary layer in a vertical channel is studied using Large-eddy simulation. A constant heat flux boundary condition is applied to one of the channel walls while the other wall is insulated. The Grashof and Reynolds numbers based on the wall heat flux and the channel width are Gr = 9.4 · 10 and Re = 5080. As the temperature difference between the hot wall and the inlet air is large, the governing equations are solved using two different approaches namely Boussinesq approximation considering constant properties and the equations with variable properties. As a consequence of hot wall high temperature, radiation is also taken into account and it is shown that about 10% of the heat is transferred via radiation. Although variable property equations yield better solutions compared to the constant property equations, there exist substantial differences between the computed and the measured profiles which might be due to the numerical scheme that has impaired the imposed turbulence at the inlet.


Objective To solve the baggy deformity of lower eyelid and the fishtail lines,improve nasolabial fold by mid-face lifting without additional scar,and to avoid the adverse reactions resulting from traditional frontotemporal-face lifting such as scalp scar,alopecia,operation trauma and lengthy recovery.Methods From March 2010 to December 2012,the orbicularis muscle flap was fixed on periosteum of the lateral orbital margin using lower blepharoplasty incision in 23 patients.After being separated under the temporal incision,the dissected tissue and skin were fixed on the temporal periosteum by guiding needle.The dissected tissue and skin were moved up and lifted.Results Twenty-three patients were followed up for 6 months to 2 years.The results were satisfying without obvious scar or alopecia.Conclusions This method is simple and can be done in the operating room of the Out-patient Department.The trauma is minimal so that it takes little time to recover.The temporal suture is without tension,thus the scar is light and alopecia can be avoided.


CASE DESCRIPTION The primary subject matter of this case concerns Business Law and Real Estate. Secondary issues examined include issues commonly experienced by local governments and real estate developers. The case is appropriate for junior level. The case is designed to be taught in two to three class hours and is expected to require three to five hours of outside preparation by students. CASE SYNOPSIS Today, many rapidly growing communities find that their infrastructure is not capable of keeping up with the pace of development. Imposing building moratoria gives communities time to plan without the pressure of impending growth, however their legality is often aggressively challenged. This case addresses the issue from a legal and public policy perspective and examines when, and under what circumstances, municipalities may legally employ this planning tool. INSTRUCTORS' NOTES Case Overview The Town of Pleasant Oaks faces a problem that many local governments must deal with as they encounter growth pressure from real estate developers. While the local government attempts to plan for its community's future, it may be flooded with requests from those who seek to develop land under the current, relatively lax, laws that in many instances encourage random, unplanned development. To prevent such a flurry of development activity, the local government may often be able to take advantage of a planning tool that will allow it some breathing room in its efforts to effectively plan for desired growth. This tool is often called an interim development control or an uncompensated development moratorium (hereinafter referred to as "moratorium"). TEACHING OBJECTIVES The teaching objectives of this case are to provide students with a background for: 1. Correctly identifying and appreciating the tension between local government planning and real estate developers' interest in growth 2. Demonstrating an understanding of the legal cases and a legal tool that may be used by local governments to temporarily delay development and provide for the opportunity to plan for growth 3. Interpreting, evaluating and analyzing the legal materials to determine if the moratorium may be used in this particular case 4. Recommending a solution to the local government that provides for orderly growth and development QUESTIONS/ANSWERS 1. Does pleasant Oaks have a solid legal foundation for stopping all development, and would such action be considered a regulatory "taking", requiring compensation to the landowners being temporarily denied the right to develop their property? The United States Supreme Court in Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 122 S Ct 1465 (2002) has recently approved of the use of moratoria, at least under certain circumstances. In this landmark case, the local planning organization imposed a 32-month moratorium on development in a specific geographical area under its authority, while it sought to create a comprehensive plan to provide for orderly and environmentally sound growth. The developers claim that the moratorium on development, ordained by the local government, constituted a taking of their property without compensation in contravention of the Constitution of the United States (Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments). The Court analyzed this case by first noting the distinction between the physical taking of property by the government (compensable) and a regulatory taking of the property by the government (not necessarily compensable). The court stated in Tahoe at 1478-1480: The text of the Fifth Amendment itself provides a basis for drawing a distinction between physical takings and regulatory takings. Its plain language requires the payment of compensation whenever the government acquires private property for a public purpose, whether the acquisition is the result of a condemnation proceeding or a physical appropriation. …


We study pseudorandom generator (PRG) constructions G/sup f/ : {0, 1}/sup l/ /spl rarr/ {0, 1}/sup 1+s/ from one-way functions f : {0, 1}/sup n/ /spl rarr/ {0, 1}/sup m/. We consider PRG constructions of the form G/sup f/ (x) = C(f(q/sub 1/) ...f (g/sub poly(n)/)) where C is a polynomial-size constant depth circuit (i.e., AC/sup 0/) and C and the q's are generated from x arbitrarily. We show that every black-box PRG construction of this form must have stretch s bounded as s /spl les/ 1 /spl middot/ (log/sup O(1)/ n)/m + O(1) = o(l). This holds even if the PRG construction starts from a one-to-one function f : {0,1}/sup n/ /spl rarr/ {0, 1}/sup m/ where m > 5n. This shows that either adaptive queries or sequential computation are necessary for black-box PRG constructions with constant factor stretch (i.e. s = /spl Omega/(l)) from one-way functions, even if the functions are one-to-one. On the positive side we show that if there is a one-way function f : {0, 1}/sup n/ /spl rarr/ {0, 1}/sup m/ that is regular (i.e. the number of preimages of f(x) depends on |x| but not on x) and computable by polynomial-size constant depth circuits then there is a PRG : {0, 1}/sup l/ /spl rarr/ {0, 1}/sup l + 1/ computable by polynomial-size constant depth circuits. This complements our negative result above because one-to-one functions are regular. We also study constructions of average-case hard functions starting from worst-case hard ones, i.e. hardness amplifications. We show that if there is an oracle procedure Ampf in the polynomial time hierarchy (PH) such that Ampf is average-case hard for every worst-case hard f, then there is an average-case hard function in PH unconditionally. Bogdanov and Trevisan (FOGS '03) and Viola (CCC'03) show related. but incomparable negative results.


In this paper, we propose a rotation invariant face detection method using Haar-like feature variation. Previous approaches using rectangular features can be calculated very fast. But rectangular features is weak in rotated face. Rotated Haar-like features can get high accuracy, but the performance is slow because it can't use the integral image. Our method vary Haar-like features keeping rectangular. this method makes the performance a bit slow, but gives better accuracy.


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A major shortcoming of the funds statement prepared under a resources concept is that the meaning of the term "resources" is unclear. A transaction test is usually adopted to identify entries involving funds, but it is apparent from published reports and from the Australian profession's recent exposure draft that substantial confusion remains. One response has been to reject the broader concepts in favour of narrower definitions such as cash or working capital. In this article, however, it is argued that an all resources funds statement, properly defined, has an important contribution to make. A "two entity" test is proposed which is claimed to be tighter and closer to the spirit of the original resources concept than the present transaction test.


In anticipation of the European Commission's publication of its long-awaited proposal for implementing the European Council's 2007 decisions on the integrated climate and energy policy, CEPS Senior Fellow Christian Egenhofer investigates the justification for continuing free allocation of allowances to industry.


Abstract The applications prospects of plastic fiber , as a kind of thin cladding optical fiber ,in the fiberoptical sensor are introduced. Several main points in the applications are discussed , such as lightsource photo detectors couplling loss , and it is pointed out that there are both high and low limitations for liquid medium sensing. Finally ,two intensity modulating types sensor made of plastLoptical fiber are discribed. Key word plastic optical fiber , thin cladding optical fiber , index — limitation, pressure .sensor , liquid— level sensor. Introduction Since the fast progress in fiber optical sensor (FOS) ,various of special fiber which suited fiberoptical sensors are required. Thesekind of fiber such as polarization — maintaining fiber , infraredfiber , special coating fiber , thin cladding fiber and double—core fiber are directly used as sensitive elements to sense and monitor the various fields , which can realize the purposes that the communication fiber can not achieve. So the applications of plastic optical fiber as a kind of thin


At the stage of oil and gas fields exploration, new opportunities of seismic prospecting are revealed concerning morphostructural analysis and development of methods of speed values studying. Improvement of interpretation techniques in geological interpretation of speed parameters and development of structural-geometrical criteria for paleosurface relief analysis make it possible to introduce into the practice of geological and physical investigations new ways to trail tectonic faults, systematize tectonic fracturing, reveal and contour oiland gasbearing nests of the collector.


A new gauge-invariant criterion for stability against inhomogeneous perturbations of de Sitter space is applied to scenarios of dark energy and inflation in scalar–tensor gravity. The results extend previous studies.


Background The incorporation of narratives helps to enhance children's engagement in active video games (AVGs), thus increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Specific narrative elements, such as the visual representation of the characters' body shape, have been rarely manipulated to explore their role in modulating children's narrative engagement (NE) and exercise motivation. Objective To investigate the effects of character body shape manipulation (overweight/obese, average, or athletic slim) on children's narrative immersion (NI), NE, wishful identification (WI), as well as their mediating effect on AVG and PA motivation. Methods Children ages 8–12 years old (N = 87) were randomly assigned to watch a 15-min animated video (designed for an existing AVG) in which the main characters had an overweight/obese, or average∗, or athletic slim body shape (all other elements were identical). Children's NI, NE, WI, and AVG and physical activity (PA) motivation were then assessed. Results Controlling for social desirability, the analysis indicated that participants with a BMI of greater than the 75th percentile had a significantly higher NI, NE, WI, and PA motivation when video characters were set to the overweight/obese condition, than they did for video characters set to the average or athletic slim conditions. On the other hand, children of equal or less than the 75th percentile exposed to the average character body condition had a greater NE, WI, and PA motivation than overweight/obese or athletic slim conditions. A mediation analysis with structural equation modeling indicated that NE mediated the effect between character body shape and AVG and PA motivation. Conclusion Narrative cartoon characters that mirror the target participant's body shape can increase NE, which in turn mediates AVG and PA motivation. Content producers should identify optimal strategies in character body shape design to encourage children of different weight status to participate in PA with engaging stories to maximize health narratives' persuasive potentials. ∗The term average in this sense is not in reference to the national average body weight, but rather an average of the body weights represented in conditions A and C.


Glasses are used extensively by the electronics industry for packaging and in components. Because glasses have such low fracture toughness, glass components must maintain low tensile stresses to avoid cracking and ensure product stability. Modeling is a key tool for developing designs with low tensile stresses. Thermoelastic analyses are ideal for modeling slow, oven controlled processes where the temperature varies uniformly. Many processing environments, however, involve rapid heating and cooling cycles that produce nonhomogeneous temperature fields causing the volume and stresses in the glass to relax at different rates. This structural relaxation is an important nonlinear material behavior that gives rise to a point-to-point variability in effective properties of the material. To accurately model such stresses, a thermal analysis must be coupled to a structural analysis that employs a viscoelastic model of glass. Laser sealing of glasses is an example of a process where thermal history is an important factor in determining the residual stress state. Recent needs to consider laser sealing methods for fiber optic connectors and flat panel displays have spurred the development of coupled, three-dimensional thermal and structural finite element codes. Analyses of the temperatures and stresses generated in a flat panel display during a laser sealing operation are presented, an the idiosyncrasies and importance of modeling coupled thermal/structural phenomena are discussed.


PICARD is a space mission launched in June 2010. One of its scientific objectives is to study the geometry of the Sun including measurements of the solar oblateness at several wavelengths. This physical parameter is however difficult to achieve since all image defaults due to the whole system telescope-CCD affect its measurement. Rolling the satellite as already done with previous space missions allows discriminating from the telescope-CCD contribution when considering the Sun as constant during the observations. This supposes however that the telescope optical response is time-invariant during the roll operations. This is not the case for PICARD where an orbital signature is clearly observed in the solar radius obtained from its images. We have taken advantage of this effect and developed a new method to process the PICARD images to deduce the solar oblateness. This method supposes that there are both a time and an angular modulation of the solar limb due to the satellite moving on its orbit and when it is rotated around the line of sight during the specific observations. We will first give in this work an overview of the PICARD mission and present after the solar observations recorded for the oblateness measurements. The new method developed to process the data is then detailed and some results are given and discussed.


The Laboratory of Gas Analysis (LABAG) is integral part of the Chemical Metrology Division of the Brazilian NMI and it acts in the development of new analytical methodologies for the gaseous mixtures certification process. Labag also destines part of its activities to the study of the transference of the traceability to the secondary standards using Primary Standards of Gaseous Mixtures - PSM, and started the production of these PSM in Brazil. The objective of this work is to present the activities that are being development in gas metrology in Brazil, the methodologies for certification of composition of gaseous standards, the process to produce Primary Standard of Gaseous Mixtures recently started, the laboratories results with its participation in key comparisons of CCQM/BIPM, the registrations CMC in BIPM/Appendix C and the organization of comparisons of the laboratories of the Brazilian companies.


This software architecture pattern describes how to set up an information system's architecture by using 'business components' and their 'representational connectors' that, together, form the Star pattern. The pattern allows the separation of business concerns from technology. The various representational connectors, which allow external systems to interact with a business component, are both non-invasive and loosely coupled to the business domain. These characteristics of the Star pattern support highly exchangeable interconnectivity channels. How the separation between a "business component" and its "representational connectors" can be established is described by using a linguistic view for how an information systems architecture can be structured.


This paper suggests the methods to improve the wireless backhaul link of the Relay FDD mode that 3GPP LTE-Advanced supports. New RRC message and Relay startsup procedure are introduced to apply Carrier Aggregation in the Relay wireless backhaul. Also, we design new reference signal that makes Type 1 Relay operated in full-duplexing, expecting to maximize the radio resource utilization. And, we propose the efficient configuration for the periodic uplink control information under the backhaul subframe allocation method in LTE-Advanced Relay. Hereafter, the standard activities in the 3GPP RAN is supposed to focus on the improvement of the LTE-Advanced features. Therefore, the suggestions in this paper are expected to be actively discussed in the LTE-Advanced future releases.


If f(x) is real-valued and continuous, it has the property that it takes on all intermediate values when it passes from one value to another. This means that whenever f(x1) and f(x2) are different and u is any number between them, then f(x) = u for at least one x between x1 and x2. We shall call this the Darboux property.


Amuay accident 2012 is one of similar accidents happened in Buncefield (2005), Jaipur and Puerto Rico (2009), respectively. Since experimental reproduction of such accidents is not always possible numerical simulations help a lot to understand the scenarios on qualitative basis. In this work the accident is reproduced with a CFD model which takes into account the heaviness of the gas (LPG), wind and gravity driven spread. The leak was reported to be located near a number of spherical tanks. The ignition source was presumably the running vehicles on a nearby street. A part of the refinery containing the locations of leakage and ignition was considered as computational domain. The road is located at the eastern boarder. The area contains different tanks, whose height was estimated due to a lack of available data. The diameter was extrapolated from the available image data. Further, a grid of walls is located between a number of tanks. The total domain has a size of 750 m x 400 m x 50 m. An unstructured mesh was created using tetrahedral elements with prism layers at the ground to improve mesh quality in the boundary layer. The mesh has a total number of 775 686 cells.


Mortality rates differ across countries and years, and the country with the lowest mortality has historically tended to change over time. Following the classical Science paper by Oeppen and Vaupel (2002), a hypothetical mortality 'frontier' can be defined, representing the lowest set of mortality rates possible for each year. It is expected that change in this frontier reflects global technological and medical advances, which may display a more stable trend over time than the patterns in mortality improvement displayed by any particular country. This paper presents a method that aims to take advantage of this assumed stability for forecasting purposes.


The invention relates to a measurement that takes place in various regions (531, 731, 532, 732) of a container, using a waveguide device (531, 505, 605, 731) and a measuring device (532, 632, 732).


The work function difference between p-type polycrystalline silicon and n-type single-crystal silicon has been found from flat-band measurements on MNOS capacitors to be +1.55 V when the concentration in the p-type silicon is 1019atoms/cm3and the concentration in the n-type silicon is 1015atoms/cm3.


The digestive tract and liver of Tylototriton wenxianensis were observed by histological methods.Results showed that the digestive tract was made up of four concentric layers,which were the mucosa,submucosa,muscularis,and adventitia.The epithelia of the digestive tract were simple columnar cells,except those of the esophagus which were stratified squamous epithelia.Each part had plenty of mucosal plica.Plenteous glands were detected in the stomach.All segments of the intestine did not contain multicellular glands but included plenteous goblet cells.There were few goblet cells in the duodenum,but numerous goblet cells in the rectum.No goblet cells were distributed in the stomach.The boundaries of liver lobules were unclear.The conglobation was composed of five to eight pieces of hepatocytes,or the irregular hepatic cords lined into a radial alignment surrounding the central vein.Interlobular veins and interlobular bile ducts in portal areas were found clearly.The evidence indicates that the structural features of the digestive tract and liver in Tylototriton wenxianensis are adapted to its feeding habits.


Background: Maintaining quality of life (QOL) during chemotherapy is a critical aspect of cancer treatment. Instruments have been developed to assess symptom distress, self-efficacy, anxiety, depression, and other factors impacting QOL during cancer treatment, but Chinese versions have become available only recently. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify factors predictive of QOL during chemotherapy in Chinese colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: Patients completed Chinese versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (a measure of symptom distress), Stanford Inventory of Cancer Patient Adjustment (a measure of self-efficacy), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment–General (a measure of QOL) before and after 3 and 6 months of chemotherapy. Results: Of 152 consecutive CRC patients (men/women, 98/54; mean age, 53.3 ± 11.3 years, 25–75 years; stage II/III, 59/93), 121 completed all questionnaires (79.6%). Self-efficacy dimensions "communication," "activity management," "personal management," and "affective management" improved progressively over 6 months (all P < .05). Fatigue, nausea, lack of appetite, disturbed sleep, and vomiting peaked at 3 months and declined thereafter (P < .05). Patients who are younger than 60 years, are male, and with stage II CRC exhibited higher 3- and 6-month QOL scores (all P < .05). Multiple regression identified self-efficacy, anxiety, and symptom distress as independent predictors of QOL at 6 months. Conclusions: Enhanced self-efficacy, reduced symptom distress, and lower general anxiety would improve QOL during chemotherapy for CRC patients. Implications for Practice: These instruments can help identify CRC patients at risk of low QOL for additional psychotherapy or specific treatment modifications.


In certain situations, music live coding obtains a meditative quality. Meditative live coding can offer benefits beyond the sounds produced, but not in all performances. This paper explores live coding as a method to cultivate mindfulness. It argues that three conventional ideas about musical practice exert a strong regulative force in live coding performance: the notion of the "musical work," the idea of music as a "thing," and the conviction that music requires interpretation. Drawing on the work of music scholars such as Lydia Goehr, Carolyn Abbate, and Christopher Small, and deploying a pragmatic approach influenced by William James, this study offers an historically-informed theory of live coding that highlights its usefulness in cultivating an awareness of the present moment. 1 Causing Problems with Live Coding It makes for a good one-liner to say that "live coders are much more interested in causing problems than solving them" (McLean 2017). More than just humorous, this statement differentiates live coding from other kinds of coding, especially the unit tested and peer reviewed kind. As the number of people who are paid to write code continues to grow, even in free software communities that were once comprised entirely of hobbyists (Buytaert and Tift 2016), we imagine live coding as an oasis detached from the stress of fulfilling software acceptance criteria. Therefore to say that live coding "causes problems" is also to remind that live coding offers a more pleasurable alternative to writing code for money. In fact, live coding offers a wide variety of benefits. Rather than cause problems, live coding can ameliorate them. Employing algorithms, visuals, a nearly limitless supply of sounds, pitches, timbres, tempos, etc., live coding creates opportunities unavailable to other artistic practices. Participants view live coding as an activity that does the opposite of causing harm – it entertains, edifies, and educates. The live coding event can be a place of contemplation, a sonic escape from the stress of everyday life. Others have already noted that live coding can have a strong "meditative ethos" (McLean 2014; Hall 2007). Certain varieties of live coding are described as "meditative sonic studies" (Collins et al. 2003, 323) and in some cases live coders actually perform on meditation cushions (Smallwood et al. 2008, 10). Whether we are dancing at an algorave, sitting in a concert hall, or learning in a classroom, all varieties of live coding can be meditative. We decide how and when to enter the flow of the present moment. Unfortunately, external factors can negatively affect our capacity to experience live coding as meditation. Everyday things, such as a cold room, a barking dog, or the number of likes a live coding video receives affect our experience. In our so-called "attention economy" where "attention merchants" compete for our attention and treat it as a commodity (see Wu 2016), marketers can commercialize a live coding event, making our experience feel less like an escape. Even otherwise beneficial activities – such as using live coding as art activism, music education, music therapy, a tool to teach kids to code, or as a kind of Gebrauchsmusik ("useful" music) intended to enlighten other people – can alter the "meditative ethos." Perhaps the most powerful hindrances come from within. With music live coding, like any musical practice, we sometimes experience a nagging feeling that the sounds we produce must meet or exceed a vague concept of "good," even when we practice live coding in private. We might view a practice as too mechanical, unimaginative, or somehow not "authentic." But while society may impose numerous restrictions – unwritten rules – on some composers, performers, listeners, producers, and others involved in the production of other categories of music, we typically understand live coding as exempt from these restrictions. If we ever got to the point where live coders were over-analyzing their experiences and required a copy of The Inner Game of Music to deal with anxiety (Green and Gallwey 1986), some might say that we've gone far away from our idealized, improvisatory and unencumbered experience of live coding. Focusing on music live coding, this paper investigates culturally-conditioned internal barriers that rob us from enjoying the practice of live coding as a meditative, salutary experience. Specifically, this study examines the regulative function of