The purpose of the study was to interrogate the role and significance of touts in the informal road passenger transport sector in Zimbabwe, with particular reference to the city of Masvingo. The study employed a qualitative research design and the participants were selected through purposive and convenience sampling techniques. Data collection was undertaken through unstructured interviews from a variety of sources which included touts, passengers; vehicle drivers, vehicle owners and law enforcement agents. The different sources of data facilitated triangulation thereby enhancing the validity of the results. The study concluded that the overarching role of touts was to facilitate effective service delivery through provision of third party logistics services ranging from facilitation of boarding, through assurance of passenger safety and security, to the provision of a customer focused transport service. The study also concluded that all major stakeholders relied on the touts in one way or another: vehicle drivers relied on the touts for effective canvassing for business, facilitation of timely loading of vehicles to full capacity and identifying alternative loading points whenever necessary; vehicle owners used the touts to monitor the performance of vehicle drivers and the hiring of vehicle drivers at short notice; passengers relied on the touts for orderly boarding of vehicles, secure stacking of luggage, channeling of complaints, and tracing of lost items; and the local authority officers used the touts as a conduit to broker bribery arrangements. The study further concluded that there was an element of harassment of prospective passengers by an insignificant minority within the touting fraternitywhich, however, gave rise to the general negative perception regarding the operations of touts. To address the unbecoming minority behaviour the study recommended that the touting fraternity should reduce the unwritten ground rules into a strict written code of conduct.


Die lip build-up is the unwanted material accumulation on extrusion die lips. Here, flared dies are shown experimentally to suppress die lip build-up. A semiempirical method for flared die design is also provided. Nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equations are used to calculate the wall shear stress and first normal stress difference in flared dies. By incorporating melt memory, a promising design method for die flaring is presented. The stress history upstream of the die exit governs the die design. The upstream gap is selected to maximize undershoot of the first normal stress difference N 1 at the die wall caused by flaring. The flare length, on the other hand, is selected to ensure a steady N 1 at the die lips.


Our second issue of Lifelong Faith explores family faith formation from a variety of perspectives—theological, cultural, sociological, and educational. Yet, I believe you will find two common themes throughout all of the essays. One is the primacy of the family in passing on the faith and nurturing the Christian way of life, and the need for churches to recognize this reality in the conduct of their ministries. Second, you will also see how each author is drawn to Christian practices as a way to help families grow in faith in their daily lives at home and in the world. Bonnie Miller-McLemore takes us inside the often chaotic world of family life to find the presence of God. In the "Rule of Family Faith" she explores how families might create a rule, i.e., a pattern or model that guides a way of living. She illustrates how families can "pursue the love of God" through spiritual practices. Leif Kehrwald proposes a way for families to recognize and respond to God's gracious activity in their daily lives by reflecting upon "moments of meaning." Ida Miranda writes about the faith and religious practices of Hispanic/Latino families and the opportunities to nurture faith if we acknowledge and respect the religious heritage that Hispanic/Latino families bring to our churches. Jolene and Gene Roehlkepartain report on five major findings from a national poll of parents in their article, "Making Parents a Priority." They describe each finding and then offer specific suggestions for how congregations can make a difference in the lives of parents. Jim Merhaut summons research and pastoral experience to claim that authentic faith formation in the home is absolutely essential for successful congregational faith formation, and then goes on to explore a process for nurturing Christian practices at home. Cynthia Dobryznski concludes the journal with a reflection on the human body and its implications for family life and spirituality. You will also find two reviews of recommended resources for parenting and for family formation faith formation. The new web site for LifelongFaith Associates has launched. Please go to www.lifelongfaith.com to learn more about our work, find free resources on lifelong faith formation, and register for the free monthly enewsletter. We also have a new phone number: 203-490-1975.


The Association of Frontotemporal Degeneration (AFTD) has announced that frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) has been formally included in national research priorities to cure Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias by 2025. FTD is considered to be the second most common cause of young onset dementia and is often initially misdiagnosed as a psychiatric problem, AD, or Parkinson's disease. The action coincided with AFTD's release of a comprehensive research white paper, FTD Research and Drug Development Landscape Analysis (access http:// bit.ly/1rNKW7r). The report examines the current state and activity in FTD research, how FTD fits into the larger world view of AD and other dementias, and FTD's role in neurological diseases research. Federal officials included FTD research priorities in an updated 2014 plan introduced at an advisory council meeting of the National Alzheimer's Project Act, a national strategic framework for advancing research on treatment, prevention, and cures for AD and other dementias. The increased attention on FTD is expected to lead to additional research funding, as well as improved care and resources for patients and caregivers. Source. "Rare Brain Disorder Included for First Time in National Plan to Cure Alzheimer's Slow Gait Speed May Indicate Dementia


Two years after China has entered WTO, there is no clear impact from it on the private enterprises in Guizhou as people worried greatly before. Everything seems to go ahead steadily. However, it can be predicted that in the next three years which is left for the transition period, various kinds of impact will become clear step by step. This is the great gap that is hard to narrow down in the process of development of the private enterprises in Guizhou. To speed up their development and to enhance the power for the opportunities to enter WTO and the challenge it will meet, the present paper analyzes various kinds of the exterior obstacles for the development of its private enterprises, with the expectation that it will be better for its future development.


A transport device comprises a frame, which is foldable between a bicycle design and a personal transporter interpretation. A sensor is designed to detect when the frame is in the bicycle design and / or personal transporter interpretation. A first wheel and a second wheel are rotatably coupled to the frame. A first motor is coupled to the first wheel and a second motor is coupled to the second wheel. A controller is programmed to instruct the first motor, in response to a signal from the sensor that the frame is in the bicycle design, to rotate in a first direction, and to instruct the first motor, in response to a signal from the sensor that the frame is in the personal transporter interpretation to rotate in a second direction opposite the first direction.


This paper proposes a new configuration to DFIGbased offshore wind farms using HVDC for electricity transmission. This configuration is built based on a DC collection system in an offshore grid. Advantages and disadvantages of this new configuration are analyzed and compared to conventional one using an AC offshore grid. In addition to the new configuration, this paper also suggests a new control strategy scheme so that the offshore wind farm meets the system operator's power control requirement. In this recommended scheme, the onshore station side takes on the output power adjustment while the offshore side carries out maintaining a constant voltage on HVDC system. With this control method and new configuration, the onshore station fulfils power adjustment with a minimum communication between the offshore side and the onshore one or between the offshore side and the system operator. The efficiency of the new control strategy and the new configuration will be evaluated in both steady state and dynamic condition through simulation results in MATLAB/SIMULINK.


Surveys in the present essay indicate that most of non-Arabic Quranic terms are of Babylon and Mesopotamian origin. A good number of such terms lie in an astronomic realm. Using Quranic evidence, this essay indicates how Babylon astronomic thoughts are reflected in the Quran through nonArabic terms. Results of this survey prove that seven heavens have no reality other than the very observable heaven and introducing the observable heaven as seven-fold heavens refers to astronomical thoughts of Mesopotamian people. They treated seven heavens as strata of the very known heaven in which lie the seven-fold celestial bodies of moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.


Present investigation deals with systematic enumeration and importance of Genus Microcystis Lemmerm. collected from rivers. Eight species of Genus Microcystis Lemmerm. (Microcystis aeruginosa (Kutz.) Kutz., M. elabens (Breb.) Kutz., M.flos-aquae (Wittr.) Kirchn., M. incerta (Lemmerm.) Lemmerm., M. protocystis Crow, M. pseudofilamentosa Crow, M. robusta (H.W.Clark) Nygaard and M. viridis (A.Braun) Lemmerm.) were recorded from Nanamau to Bithoor stretch of the Ganga. Microcystis aeruginosa (Kutz.) Kutz. was found in all seasons. Microcystis aeruginosa (Kutz.) Kutz. registered its presence in plankton counts, sand and water cultures. M. elabens (Breb.) Kutz. and M. protocystis Crow were recorded rarely or once during the year. The investigation emphasizes the importance of various species of genus in water quality of river Ganga. Microcystis aeruginosa (Kutz.) Kutz. occurrence may produce certain types of hepatotoxins which may threat to cause acute to severe problems in animals and human beings.


At present, the arguments of the influences of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) on human being and animal's health and their living environment, especially the dioxins issues, have become more and more extensive and drastic all around the world. The Directive on "Restriction of Hazardous Substances" (RoHS) in Europe Union has definitely stipulated to forbid manufacturing some BFRs. The distributions of BFRs in the abiological systems (such as the air and natural sediments) and in the tissues of the biological systems (such as the animals and human beings) were reviewed in this paper. The results showed that the tendency of the concentration of BFRs in the environment and the tissues of the human beings and animals has increased currently. Some BFRs can be enriched in the organism and have potentially magnified. Finally, some view and suggestions about the developmental direction of BFRs in our country were put forward.


The Sun generates and plays host to innumerable acoustic and magnetic waves. These waves have the ability to propagate through the layers of the Sun and are responsible for transferring energy into the solar atmosphere and beyond. Throughout their journey, these waves can become trapped in cavities; develop into shock waves; transfer energy between wave types; and even create quakes on the surface of the Sun. This study investigates these phenomena through the use of high performance supercomputing. A variety of simulations in multiple dimensions are produced to accurately model these waves and their interactions in solar like atmospheres.


Cross modulation is an important effect in mobile handsets used in both CDMA and WCDMA systems. The full duplex operation of these systems requires that the transmitter and the receiver operate simultaneously. When a handset is operating at maximum distance from the base station within a given cell, the high transmitter output power necessary to communicate with the distant base station is in direct conflict with the receiver operating at maximum sensitivity. The transmitter leakage power through the duplexer is usually significantly higher than the desired signal channel through the first few elements of the receiver. As a result, the transmitter leakage becomes the dominating effect for nonlinearities for the first LNA (low noise amplifier) in the receiver chain. This paper focuses on the effects of cross modulation in a WCDMA system.


The main content dealt with in this paper was to present an objective method to evaluate the plantar press-comfort performance of warp-knitted spacer fabrics. It aimed to explain the plantar press-comfort performance of spacer fabric by the compression property and structure parameters of spacer fabric. The compression indexes (compression work, recovery work, hysteresis work and maximum compression force) and structure parameters (diameter and thickness) were utilized to classify the plantar press-comfort performance of warp-knitted spacer fabrics by regression analysis and the K-means cluster method. In order to verify the validity, subjective judgments were also made and compared with the objective K-means cluster method. The experimental results showed that a good correlation existed between the subjective judgment method and objective cluster method. This demonstrates that the compression indexes featured, from spherical compression force–displacement curves and structure parameters, can be utilized to characterize the plantar press-comfort performance of warp-knitted spacer fabrics and is effective in obtaining the fabric evaluation score of plantar press-comfort performance.


This article describes the short functional description of the KBExpertLib software package and the performance study of basic functions provided by the library. The KBExpertLib is the own, originally designed software package which provides most of the expert system shell's common functions. This library allows to build expert systems using Java programming language. In the first part of this paper the structure of the library and example of its utilization is presented. The second part present results of the experimental research focused on the time efficiency of the basic KBExpertLib operations. The estimation of the memory occupation of the library data structures are also presented..


Objective The study was designed to explore the effect of antisense gene to human telomerase reverse transcriptase subunit (hTRT) on the morphology of SGC 7901. Methods Sense and antisense gene to hTRT were transfected into SGC 7901 with liposome method. Morphological changes of the transfected cells were examined under light and electron microscopy. Results U nder light microscope cells transfected with antisense gene to hTRT were larger with abundant cytoplasm and nuclear division decreased, the ratio of nuclei to cytoplasm increased as compared with their parent cells. Ultrastructure revealed that organelles in these cells were abundant under transmission electron microscope, several kinds of cytoplastic giant vaculoes were present in most of these cells which could be stained with AB/PAS.Under scanning electron microscope, these cells showed more microvillli than their parent cells. In addition, many granulae were distributed around the surface of these cells, which might be its secreting granulae according to the AB/PAS stain. Conclusion hTRT antisense gene could promote differentiation of SGC 7901.


A CAUSE FOR CELEBRATION in the vista of challenges facing nursing is the forthcoming 50th anniversary of the National Student Nurses' Association. The NSNA was established in 1952 as part of a total reorganization of nursing organizations. It was the brainchild that emerged from dialogues between the NLN and the American Nurses Association. Since its inception, the NSNA has enjoyed continued growth and success. Under the strong leadership of its executive director, Diane Mancino, it socializes nursing students to the professional's responsibilities for the advancement of the profession and its members, along with commitment to the NSNA's mission and the society we serve. A celebratory convention for the organization is planned for early April. As we marshal our resources to respond to today's nursing shortage and focus our strategic planning on fostering a strong cadre of professional nurses, it is fitting that we should pause to congratulate, celebrate, and cheer our students -- the current corps of future nurses. We need to remember that our future resides within our midst in the women and men who are presently studying our profession. The entire educational enterprise in nursing is focused on developing the most qualified workforce possible to meet the needs of our diverse society. We need to be careful lest our zeal to envision a successful future causes shortsightedness about the opportunities and joy that are already present today. Over the course of my career, it has been my privilege to get to know a multitude of students, and I have learned so much from each of them. Indeed, few educators fail to comment on the enduring energy, optimism, and idealism of nursing students. These students espouse the values that we have passed on, and, most importantly, they continue to believe in those values, all the time. Of central relevance is their belief that they can make a difference -- we know that is true! Like all groups, nursing students have their share of "grumbles." Among the concerns commonly expressed by nursing students are these -- they do not have enough clinical experiences; the patients they meet in their clinical learning are not "challenging" enough; there are not enough credits or hours devoted to pharmacology, or pathophysiology, or ethical decision-making, or cultural diversity. In short, what is commonly heard, especially from seniors, is that nursing students are not prepared or ready. What I hear between the lines is that they are afraid that they will not be able to deliver something that a patient needs, when the patient needs it. On the one hand, this is an inspiring notion -- these students are so committed and so caring that they worry about getting it right. No, perfect! On the other hand, their concerns also reflect the demands for perfection placed on them every step of the way. …


This article discusses some of the conflicts of national and international law. Analyzed the effectiveness of the basic principles of international law


Noted that nancial reports are an important tool for obtaining information relating to the company's nancial position. Financial data will be more easily understood if the data is in compare with the nancial ratios. However, in such nancial statements need to be done to translate the interpretation of the results already obtained to assess the needs of the parties concerned to a company. The evaluation of the nancial statements PT.Astra International Tbk period 2004-2007 conducted to assess the potential or performance of the company that occurred within the time period that is necessary for internal and external parties as the basis in determining investment decisions


AbstractAmong the environmental effects caused by dams, the alteration of flow regimes is one of the most critical to river ecosystems given its influence in long river reaches and its continuous p...


In this project, we presented Multipath Region Routing (MRR) protocol for energy conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Large scale dense WSNs are used in different types of applications for accurate monitoring. Energy conservation is an important issue in WSNs. In order to save energy, Multipath Region Routing protocol is used which provides balance in energy consumption and sustains the network life-span. By using this method, we can reduce the number of energy dissipation because the cluster head will collect data directly from other nodes. Hence, the energy can be preserved and network life time is extended to reasonable time.


At the annual convention of the Japanese Society of Medieval Philosophy in 1960, Professor Kawadaa succinctly outlined his conception of the meaning of comparative philosophy. His paper on the theory of ideas of St. Bonaventure opened with an outline of the main kinds of philosophy, as he understands them: viz., the Western types concerned with -o ov and with o cP Hindu speculation centering on sat; the Buddhist philosophy on na sadasat.2 In elucidating his position, Professor Kawada emphasized that he does not consider one philosophy better than another. Rather, "they are just different; just several different ways of thinking." Before exploring Kawada's understanding of comparative philosophy, it will be advisable to give some biographical background to account for his interest in that field.


A series of six experiments drawing tubular fibres are compared to some recent mathematical modelling of this fabrication process. The importance of fibre tension in determining the internal geometry of the fibre is demonstrated, confirming a key prediction of the models. There is evidence of self-pressurisation of the internal channel, where an additional pressure is induced in the internal channel as the fibre is drawn, and the dependence of the magnitude of this pressure on fibre tension is discussed. Additionally, there is evidence that the difference between the glass and furnace temperatures is proportional to the furnace temperature and dependent on the preform geometry.


Energy consumption is an important concern in modern multicore processors. The energy consumed during the execution of an application can be minimized by tuning the hardware state utilizing knobs such as frequency, voltage etc. The existing theoretical work on energy minimization using Global DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling), despite being thorough, ignores the energy consumed by the CPU on memory accesses and the dynamic energy consumed by the idle cores. This article presents an analytical energy-performance model for parallel workloads that accounts for the energy consumed by the CPU chip on memory accesses in addition to the energy consumed on CPU instructions. In addition, the model we present also accounts for the dynamic energy consumed by the idle cores. We present an analytical framework around our energy-performance model to predict the operating frequencies for global DVFS that minimize the overall CPU energy consumption. We show how the optimal frequencies in our model differ from the optimal frequencies in a model that does not account for memory accesses.


The effects of H on the interaction between Ga vacancies ${V}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ and N in ${\mathrm{GaAs}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}$ dilute alloys are studied through first-principles total-energy calculations. We find that N binds to Ga vacancies and that in the presence of H this binding is enhanced. The formation energy of ${V}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ bonded to N and H (resulting in a $\mathrm{N}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{-}{V}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ complex) can be more than 2 eV lower than that of the isolated Ga vacancy ${V}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ in GaAs. Our finding that the concentration of ${V}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ increases with N and even more in the presence of H allows us to interpret several recent experiments.


Sub-auroral electric fields play critical roles in energizing and transporting ring current ions, as well as convecting thermal plasma in the inner magnetosphere and in the mid- to low-latitude ionosphere. A number of terms have been employed to describe the sub-auroral electric fields and many of these are specifically associated with processes established through their prior use in the literature. The continued use of descriptive terms such as penetration electric fields, polarization jets, and sub-auroral ion drifts could lead to misunderstanding, especially when comparing the broad/narrow, persistent/transient regions of sub-auroral electric field and plasma flow. An inclusive name for these phenomena is sub-auroral polarization streams (SAPS).


This research is to determine the effectiveness of mathematical
communication verbally and in writing students in learning mathematics and to find
out the inhibiting factors of mathematical communication in general during
mathematics learning. Using quantitative and qualitative research with data
collection techniques such as observation, tests, interviews and documentation. Data
collection uses the RPP sheet, oral communication observation sheet, description test
sheet, and interview guide sheet. Data processing uses descriptive qualitative data
and Milles Huberman analysis techniques. Based on the results obtained the
effectiveness of verbal mathematical communication reached 77% with effective
criteria and mathematical communication in writing reached 52%. the effectiveness
of verbal mathematical communication reached 77% ineffective by 52%. The
inhibiting factors of mathematical communication in general come from educators
and student participants due to technical and mechanical factors, psychologists,
communication opportunities, prerequisite abilities, reading, writing, and discussing
skills, and writing languages, symbols, graphics, mathematical tables


The polyketide family of natural products includes numerous biologically important molecules that exhibit a variety of complex structures. The biosynthesis of these diverse structures relies on the iterative assembly of individual segments controlled by the enzymes of the polyketide synthase (PKS) family. In the synthesis laboratory, access to stereospecifically-prepared ketide building blocks can be both challenging and costlimiting. We report an efficient, multigram-scale synthesis of the syn-anti synthon (2S,3R,4S)(E)-6-cyclohexyl-3[(4-methoxybenzyl)oxy]-2,4-dimethylhex-5-en-1-ol from the commercially available cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde in excellent overall yield and purity.


As a part of international economic relations, development cooperation is a relatively new issue area of the Czech foreign policy. In spite of the strong Czechoslovak cooperation with the pro-socialist Third World countries during the Cold War, the country quickly abandoned delegitimized development activities only to restart them in the mid-1990s. This time, the policy was induced mostly externally by the international and EU commitments to provide aid to developing countries. Building on James Ferguson's concept of 'anti-politics machine' and the Bourdieusian concept of illusio, this dissertation argues that (i) the apparatus of the Czech development cooperation deals with development as a technical matter and leads to the depoliticization of the Czech relations with the South; and (ii) the low public awareness of the policy and the dependence of the civil society on government funding tones down their criticism and facilitates the use of the policy for the particular interests of the Czech implementers instead of contributing to poverty reduction in the South. The second chapter justifies the interdisciplinary approach adopted in the dissertation. It argues that in the same way as multidimensional poverty cannot be reduced to mere income, a holistic analysis of development cooperation must extend beyond the neoclassical economic approach and include social, cultural, political and environmental aspects of development. The third and fourth chapters analyze accordingly the discourses (historical and legal sources, political and social context, government strategies) and practices (content of bilateral cooperation, its effectiveness, actors and interrelations between them) of the Czech development cooperation. The following chapters extend from the narrow topic of development cooperation to gender as a cross-cutting issue and further to the problem of policy coherence. While gender has gained serious credit on the international development research and policy agenda, it is reflected in policy and operational documents only formally, making bilateral cooperation projects gender blind, and hence detrimental to women. Finally, the Czech discourses and practices of the formally institutionalized policy coherence for development are analyzed in cases studies on migration, trade and agriculture. The chapter argues that slight changes in other government policies may have greater impact on developing countries than any substantial reforms of development cooperation. Overall, the dissertation advocates for a repoliticization of the development agenda and its return to the public space. So far, it was mostly the European Union funding that incited the civil society to raise new policy issues and question the effectiveness of the Czech development cooperation in reducing global poverty, but it is crucial to involve political parties, civil society at large, media and academia in the process as well. An annex lists a range of detailed policy recommendations for development cooperation generally, in particular its gender dimension, and its coherence with the Czech migration, agriculture and trade policies.


.................................................................................................................... viii 1.  INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 2.  PARTITION WALL DESCRIPTION ......................................................................... 5 3.  STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF CONVENTIONAL PW ........................................ 9 4.  ENERGY DISSIPATION PARTITION WALL (EDPW) ........................................ 24 4.1.  Design of the UFP dissipators ......................................................................... 25 4.2.  Behavior of the EDPW .................................................................................... 34 5.  CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................ 42 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 44


It is becoming a recognized fact that many of the electronic piece parts used in present day ballistic missile and space probes are inadequate for the long-life space programs of the near future. Realization of the major differences of life and reliability requirements resulting from short and long term exposures to the space environment has led to a four point plan for the establishment of an acceptable class of parts that will meet the more rigid demands. Presented here are the plan and some of the preliminary results obtained to date.


Sir .—Brown et al, 1 in the February 1987 issue of AJDC , reported on scarring retinopathy of prematurity (SROP) and permitted a classic bias to distort their observations. They say that they have such vast amounts of data and missing data (empty cells) that appropriate "data matrices are not amenable to present statistical techniques." The fault is not in statistical techniques, it is in the research structure. The research structure here uses procedures that produce massive attrition, sometimes called "transfer" bias. In their Figs 1, 6, and 7, the attrition of the subjects (SROP and non-SROP) is clearly shown. In Fig 6, by the fourth week of the study period, there are only about 30% of the original infants still contributing data (n = 9, SROP; n = 18, non-SROP). The data (eg, arterial partial pressure of oxygen [Po 2 ] values in Fig 6) are collected from the "sicker" infants in each


In the Yakutenergo Power System a central power station based on gas turbine plants has four GT-25-700 gas turbine plants, which have been in operation since 1970, and two GT-35 gas turbine plants, which have been in operation since 1977. The relatively small volume of building and assembly work in construction of a gas turbine central power station, its high flexibility, as well as experience with operation of this station have demonstrated the advisability of using gas turbine plants in isolated power systems of the remote regions of the USSR. Boosting of GT plant by introducing water or steam into the high pressure circuit considerably improves the performance, and enables the design output to be maintained within a wide range of variation in outside air temperature. The use of steam to boost the plant, obtained by heat from the exhaust gases, considerably improves plant efficiency.


With the development of three-dimensional low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) packaging substrate, the internal microscale structures have great effect on the strength, toughness and lifetime of LTCC microsystem, where the study of local or nanoscale mechanical properties and microstructure is critical, especial for the prediction of the local failure behaviors. In this study, the nanoscale mechanical properties and microstructure of 3D LTCC substrate have been investigated. The nanoscale mechanical properties were measured by nanoindentation method on both the top and lateral faces and discussed according to the profile of the residual pit. The Young's modulus and hardness measured by nanoindentation were compared for two faces. The microstructure was studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope and Scanning Probe Microscope. The results show that LTCC can be regarded as a macroscopically homogeneous isotropic material and a particle-reinforced composite at microscopic scales. The properties of the individual particle and matrix were successfully measured and discussed. Moreover, significant effect of the machining process of the embedded channels and cavities on the strength of the substrate and fluid flow in the microchannel are found and discussed according to the microstructures, including the defects found at the corner of the microchannel and impurities found inside the microchannel.


A new method of analyzing printing plate wear, which combines X―ray diffraction and X―ray microanalyzer (XMA), was examined. When plate wear happened, the parallel incident X―ray beam method, which is one of the techniques of X―ray diffraction, was used to analyze small particles adhered to the blanket. As a result of the analysis, a small amount of talc(3MgO・4SiO2・H2O)was detected. However, it seemed that only X―ray diffraction was not enough to presume that talc was a causative material because the talc concomitantly contained small amounts of magnesite(MgCO3), dolomite(CaMg(CO3)2), quartz(SiO2)and chlorite((Mg, Al)6(Si, Al)4 O10 (OH)8). This analytical method was further improved by combining it with elemental mapping observation of Scanning electron microscope(SEM). Using this method, the small amount of quartz in talc was found to be a factor in plate wear. Furthermore, the relationship between quartz content and plate wear in the experiment results matched previously known plate wear evaluation data. This new analytical method, which is a combination of X―ray diffraction and XMA, is a fast screening method that can detect up to0.1wt%quartz in samples. 11―10―6Shinonome, Koto―ku, Tokyo,135―8558, Japan E―mail:takei040923@oji―gr.com Received:January14,2015 accepted:February4,2015 J―STAGE Advance Published:March16,2015 Toshitatsu Takei Toru Yaeda Fumihiko Shimizu 1251


Minister of State at the Departments of Agriculture, Food and Marine and Transport, Tourism and Sport with Special Responsibility for Rural Economic Development, Ann Phelan TD, recently marked the donation by the Susie Long Hospice Fund which has enabled the designation of six more beds in St Luke's General Hospital, Carlow/Kilkenny as being specialist ones for patients with palliative care needs in.


An investment experiment in which a real monetary profit or loss can occur is designed to test the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the generalized CAPM (segmented market model) with ex-ante parameters. Risk and return are found to be strongly associated. While in most cases the generalized CAPM beta provides the best results, the CAPM beta (and even the individual asset's variance, being a good proxy to the generalized CAPM beta) reveals a strong positive association with mean returns. The author concludes that the risk-return equilibrium model is not dead; it is alive and doing better than previous empirical studies have revealed. Copyright 1997 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.


Sets out to examine five school‐based initial teacher training schemes and to assess the most successful aspects of each. Aims in particular to investigate the ways in which student teachers are encouraged and assisted systematically to reflect on their practice. All those interviewed (student teachers, mentors and university tutors) recognized reflection as a crucial component of the mentoring process for structuring the analysis of teaching, but considered it a complex and challenging activity. Mentors lacked confidence in their ability to analyse and make explicit their implicit theories of teaching. Furthermore, they were inhibited by a lack of training, the time available and by the absence of a collaborative and supportive working environment. Learning to teach undoubtedly involves the mastery of reflective practice in which teaching performance is developed simultaneously with thinking about teaching.


Aiming at the problem of autonomous positioning of unmanned aerial vehicles in unstructured and complex environment, a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) construction algorithm based on the fusion of stereo camera and inertial navigation device is proposed. The algorithm is divided into two parts: front end and back end. Adopt a local pose estimation method based on sparse feature points, and propose a feature management method and an image frame tracking method based on the inertial measurement unit (IMU) uncertainty model for feature matching and tracking, respectively, which can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of feature matching. A graph optimization method that combines stereo information and inertial device information. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data set Euroc test results show that the SLAM algorithm has good comprehensive performance and can meet the autonomous positioning needs of unmanned aerial vehicles in unstructured and complex environments.


Objective:To observe the effect of Guanxintongluo Decoction(GD,冠心通络方) on the expression of NF-κ B and the mRNA in of AS rabbits damaged with sacculus proprius.Methods:60 rabbits were bivided randomly into 4 groups,the treatment group,the model group,the sham control group and the normal control group.All the rabbits except those in the normal control group were feeded with hypso-lipoids feedstuff for 4 months.Then the rabbits in the treatment group and the model group were pulled with the sacculus proprius,while those in the sham control group only were phlebotomized.Rabbits in the treatment group were treated with GD,feeding with hypso-lipoids feedstuff.Those in the model group and the sham control group were only provided,with hypso-lipodis feedstuff.After the succeeding of operation in the sacculus proprius,rabbits in the treatment group would be administered ontinuely for 3 days.All the rabbits were killed on the completion of the course of administration defined,and were taken out the abdominal aorta to be fixed,and then to detect the expression of NF-κ B and NF-κ B mRNA.Results:GD could notedly decrease the expression of NF-κ B and NF-κ BmRNA in vascular tissues of AS rabbits damaged with sacculus proprius,which is significant compared with the model group.Conclusion:GD can notedly decrease the expression of NF-κ B and NF-κ BmRNA in the abdominal aorta of AS rabbits damaged with sacculus proprius,and then may prevent the occurance of RS,which may be a part of the mechanism of preventive effect of GD.


: The article problematizes the political emancipation of children. Having been conceived under the essentialist inspiration of psychology, it focused the


Phycocyanin extracted from Spirulina platenis has been linked to many food colorant and health applications. The extraction of this compound by using conventional method resulted low yield and longer processing time. This research was aimed to determine optimum process conditions of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of phycocyanin compound from microalgae Spirulina platensis. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to search UAE optimum conditions among set of variables: temperature (T=30-60oC), time (20-50 min) and frequency (28-42 Hz). The result showed that under unoptimized conditions, the yield of phycocyanin extracted by conventional method was 11.13 % while ultrasound could increase the yield up to 13.61 %. The optimization by using RSM showed that the maximum yield was achieved at 15.7 % and EC50 of 85.78 g/mL at temperature of 52.5oC, extraction time of 42 min and ultrasound frequency of 42 Hz. The conclusion of this research was ultrasound could improve significantly the efficiency of extraction of phycocyanin from microalgae and the obtained optimal conditions can be potentially scaled up to isolate phycocyanin for large production in the food and pharmaceutical industries.


Vorgeschlagene Zitierweise/Suggested citation: Gronarz, Andreas (2016): Development of a Squat Formula Based on Numerical Calculations. In: Uliczka, Klemens; Böttner, Carl-Uwe; Kastens, Marko; Eloot, Katrien; Delefortrie, Guillaume; Vantorre, Marc; Candries, Maxim; Lataire, Evert (Hg.): 4th MASHCON International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water with Special Focus on Ship Bottom Interaction. Karlsruhe: Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau. S. 100-106. https://dx.doi.org/10.18451/978-3-939230-38-0_13.


As a new alternative to tilting rotors or turbojet vector mechanical oriented nozzles, ACHEON (Aerial Coanda High Efficiency Orienting-jet Nozzle) has enormous advantages because it is free of moving elements and highly effective for vertical/short-take-off and landing (V/STOL) aircraft. In this article, an integrated flight/thrust vectoring (TV) control scheme for a jet-powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with an ACHEON nozzle is proposed to assess its suitability in jet aircraft flight applications. First, a simplified TV population model is built based on CFD simulation data and parameter identification. Second, this TV propulsion model is embedded as a jet actuator for a benchmark fixed-wing 'Aerosonde' UAV, and then a four 'cascaded-loop' controller, based on nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI), is designed to individually control the angular rates (in the body frame), attitude angles (in the wind frame), track angles (in the navigation frame), and position (in the earth-centred frame) . Unlike previous research on fixed-wing UAV flight controls or TV controls, our proposed four-cascaded NDI control law can not only coordinate surface control and TV control as well as an optimization controller, but can also implement an absolute self-position control for the autopilot flight control. Finally, flight simulations in a high-fidelity aerodynamic environment are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed control scheme.


A state feedback control law for integrated communication and control systems (ICCS) is formulated by using the dynamic programming and optimality principle on a finite-time horizon. The control law is derived on the basis of a stochastic model of the plant which is augmented in state space to allow for the effects of randomly varying delays in the feedback loop. A numerical procedure for synthesizing the control parameters is then presented, and the performance of the control law is evaluated by simulating the flight dynamics model of an advanced aircraft. Finally, recommendations for future work are made.


Two new bridged-ring ketones, 5,6,7,8,10,11-hexahydro-8,12-dimethyl-5,8,11-ethan[1]yl[2]ylidenebenzocyclononen-9-one (5) and 1,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-1,3a-dimethyl-1,4-ethanocyclopenta[b]naphthalen-2-one (6), have been synthesised by intramolecular oxo-carbenoid C–H insertion reactions in the copper-catalysed decomposition of the 8-diazoacetyl-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-8,11-dimethyl-5,9-methanobenzocyclo-octenes (3) and (4), epimeric at position 8.


This study aims to examine the effect of Earnings Management, Profitability, Bank Size, and Board of Commissioners Size on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The sample of this study consisted of 8 Sharia Commercial Banks registered in the Indonesian Sharia Banking Statistics. Testing the hypothesis in this study using multiple linear regression analysis by following the autoregressive process of order 1 or AR (1) which is estimated simultaneously using the Eviews application. The results of this study indicate that earnings management has a positive effect on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), while profitability, bank size, and board size do not affect Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).


Recently observed hadrons that do not fit into the ''normal'' spectroscopic order should have been produced in old experiments. Are these claims supported by the legacy data? Fermilab Experiment 690 collected a 5 x 10{sup 9} event sample of p+p{yields} p{sub f}+X events at a beam momentum of 800 GeV/c ({radical}s = 38.8 GeV) at Lab G in the Neutrino-East beam line in the Tevatron 1991 fixed target run. The detector was an open geometry magnetic spectrometer with large geometric acceptance and extremely good momentum resolution.


Marketing consists of production, price, place, and promotion. Production include core production, tangible production and additional production. Additional production plays an increasingly important role in marketing, with the character similar to options. There is a contract between firm and consumer through additional production. Additional production can be analyzed by options and priced by OPM (Options Pricing Model) .


A hundred and forty red delicious apples were measured with an in-house open-ended coaxial probe and a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) at frequencies from 10 MHz to 3 GHz in order to determine their dielectric properties and if there exist a correlation between the dielectric properties and apple quality parameters such as pH, color and soluble solids content (SSC). The correlation results between the dielectric properties and the quality parameters were high; especially for the SSC and pH parameter. For that reason, according to the data obtained, quality parameters can be predicted by the dielectric properties by mean of dielectric spectroscopy and multivariate analysis.


OF DISSERTATION IONIC BONDING CURRICULUM UNIT: AN ELECTROSTATIC FRAMEWORK This mixed methods study compared two groups of high school students' understanding of the ionic bond and the dissolving process. A 5 lesson curriculum unit was developed using Taber's electrostatic framework (1997) focusing on the electrostatic forces between ions compared to a molecular framework (business-as-usual) and the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS Lead States, 2013). The lessons were developed to integrate spatially integrated experiences. Experimental (new curriculum unit) and business-as-usual (criss-cross method) students had their spatial skills tested before and after learning about the ionic bond using the Purdue Spatial VisualizationRotations Test (PVST-Rot; Bodner & Guay, 1997). Students' content was tested (pre and post) using the Chemical Bonding and Dissociation Diagnostic Assessment (CBDDA; Jang, 2003; Tan & Treagust, 1999; McBroom, 2011). Part of the assessment had twotiered multiple-choice questions. Another part focused on dissolving of ionic compounds in water (dissociation equations and drawing ionic compounds dissolved in water). This study had one group of students using the new curriculum unit focused on ionic crystals, and the second group used more traditional methods of lab plus lecture. Research Question 1: How does the understanding of the ionic bond and dissolving of ionic compounds in water compare for students using a unit focused on an electrostatic framework to students utilizing a molecular framework (business-as-usual) related to their spatial ability and using the spatial ability as a covariant with treatment group? Research Question 2: How do spatial visualization skills compare for students using an electrostatic framework and students focused on a molecular framework? A model using multiple linear regression was developed for Research Question 1 with the post score for the CBDDA as the dependent variable with pre score on the (CBDDA), Treatment, PVST-Rot Gain (post score minus pre score), and Treatment * PVST-Rot Gain as the independent variables. The null hypothesis was rejected, F(4, 87) = 4.674, p < .05. The model shows statistically evidence that it may predict the score on the post content test. Only the constant and the treatment group were the only statistically significant slopes. Multiple linear regression was used to develop a model using the pre PVST score and the treatment group as the independent variables with the post PVST score as the dependent variable. The null hypothesis was rejected for Research Question 2, F(2,89) = 26.732, p < .05. Only the constant and pre PVST score slope were significant. The qualitative portion of this study utilized the following sources: pre and post student interviews, drawings and dissociation equations from the CBDDA, classroom observations, and teacher logs. Some experimental students were able to improve their dissociation equations and/or the drawings compared to the business-as-usual group. The business-as-usual teacher logs reflected a more molecular framework of teaching. Interviewed students from both groups showed a lack of understanding of the difference between covalent and ionic bonding. Students from both groups did not comprehend that a molecule is used for only covalent compounds. The approximate 3.2 experimental students to one business-as-usual student may be a limitation of this study. The new unit has potential to aid with the understanding of the ionic bond and the dissolving process.


Observations on asthmatic persons, as well as on their reactions to drugs after the development of symptoms, have been made frequently, but we have not found any record of observations of a similar nature immediately preceding, during the development and course of, or during recovery from, an attack subsequent to the administration of a bronchodilating drug. Such an opportunity was afforded through the cooperation of one of us (J. F. F.). This subject, in whom uniform attacks could be reproduced by means of exercise (air hunger), offered the special advantage of testing the influence of the various antiasthmatic drugs on the course of the attacks under controlled and comparable conditions. EXPERIMENTAL WORK The subject was a medical student, aged 27. The asthmatic tendency was first noticed at the age of 19. The history and physical examination on entrance to the medical school showed nothing abnormal. During the course of the


In the 1978 budget the Government provided for a substantial cut in the deficit since that of the year 1977-78 had turned out about $1100 million more than intended and this at a time when it had proclaimed the urgency of getting the deficit down. In the event at this year's stocktaking the deficit for 1978-79 which had been planned to be about $2800 million has again overrun by $660 million. Overruns on planned budget deficits have been serious and matters of real concern when a declared instrument of the "beat inflation first" policy is to work on the budget deficit. In 1976-77 and 1977-78 it had been a declared purpose to lower the rate of growth in the domestic money supply, M3, by about 2% or somewhat more per year and this had been achieved. As the rate of growth in the Consumer Price Index had slowed down in parallel it was not unreasonable to suspect that the policy of monetary constraint, despite fiscal account laxity, might be a strong influencing factor. In August 1978 the Treasurer set a target rate of growth in the money supply some two percentage points lower again and expressed the view that the Consumer Price Index might fall by a further two percentage points or so to six percent for the year as a whole and even five percent by the budget year's end that is about now. But we know that currently the rate of rise in the Consumer Price Index is of the order of 8.8%, nearly three percent higher than the most pessimistic official expectations. Moreover it has been paralleled by a rise in the rate of growth in the money supply to 11.8% a year against 6-8% budgeted for, an overrun on the budget deficit and sustained high level borrowing from abroad.


The article highlights a promising direction for high-speed signal transmission in wireless optical communication systems, namely, the use of optical antennas. Unlike fiber-optic systems which are sufficiently advanced today, today only one patent and one work are performed to describe the optical antenna array, which describes the optical antenna array for transmitting the optical signal in telecommunication networks. An important task in creating the antenna is selecting intelligent material to control the radiation pattern. The main physical foundations of optical antenna array have been described. The antenna array is based on the mirror system and lens system. To provide the necessary phase shift, two kinds of structures are proposed: of lithium niobate and of ferrite-garnet. The main analytical expressions describing system behavior are found for the first time.


Galactic extinction is tested using galaxy number counts at low Galactic latitude obtained from five-band photometry of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The spatial variation of galaxy number counts for low-extinction regions of E(B - V) < 0.15 is consistent with the all-sky reddening map of Schlegel and coworkers and the standard extinction law. For higher extinction regions of E(B - V) > 0.15, however, the map of Schlegel and coworkers overestimates the reddening by a factor of up to 1.4, which can likely be ascribed to the departure from proportionality of reddening to infrared emissivity of dust. This result is consistent with the analysis of Arce & Goodman for the Taurus dark cloud complex.


This note is based on an assessment undertaken by the World Bank following a request by the Government of Paraguay. The study evaluated agricultural risks, proposing solutions for reducing the volatility of both agricultural output and incomes of family farmers. The methodology includes a two-phase process. In the first phase risks are identified, quantified, and prioritized from the point of view of the supply chains and from an analysis of the public and private sector capacity to manage risks. The second phase defines the details of solutions to reduce exposure to the prioritized risks, proposing a strategy and action plan.


With the development of science and technology, the capacity of hard disk and quantity of data are getting bigger and bigger. Backup become important mechanism for the user or enterprises who don't want lose their data. When the amount of data is small, it's fine to do full backup every time. If the amount of data is huge, it will take a long time to do full backup every time. In this case, most enterprise will use incremental backup for saving time. Incremental backup preserves data by not creating multiple copies, therefore incremental backup is faster than full backup. In order to solve security problem, encryption is necessary when backup data storage in storage server. But there is one problem, most incremental backup cannot be encrypted. So, this paper will show how to do encrypted incremental backup without server-side software requirement. Encrypted incremental backup collect information from every file and stores information into one file called checksum file. That information include filename, checksum, last modified time, file size, delete stamp, and encryption key. When backup start, client will collect filename, checksum, last modified time, and file size. Client gets another checksum file from storage server. By comparing those two checksum files, system will know what files have been changed, and should be transmitted in backup at this time. Before those files transmit to storage server, client will generate random keys to encrypt those files, and store encrypted keys in checksum file. System will use another key to encrypt checksum file, and using admin password to encrypt/decrypt this KEK (key encryption key).


To study and analyse 2 surveys on airborne allergenic pollens distribution in Taiyuan Downtown, North China 30 years apart, the surveys focused on the phenomenon and the influence factors on types, counts, drift patterns, growth and decline rhythm and distribution features of airborne pollen with the same methods in the region in March 1977 to February 1978 and July 2008 to June 2009, respectively. The data of two airborne pollens surveys were treated with statistics, comparation and analysis, and the influence factors of pollen distribution in Taiyuan Downtown were explored. In the 2 surveys, 24 species and 35 species of pollen were collected in the region, respectively. Two pollen drift peaks were formed in spring and autumn in the two surveys. Artemisia L. is still the absolute dominant allergy airborne pollen. The types, counts, drift patterns and composition of pollen in air could be changed by the plants variation. Climate warming might affect pollen peak appearing time and lasting time, climate warming and Poplar & Willow contents changes in spring and autumn reversed the airborne pollen peak. It was found that Humulus L. had become the region's main allergic pollen. Invasive strong allergen ragweed was spread to the inland city Taiyuan. Allergists should focus on exotic invasive harmful plants in the region.


A study on the suitability of chromatographic techniques such as high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with fluorescence detection (FL) and pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) and reversed phase (RP) chromatography for the determination of galactosamine, glucosamine, mannosamine, and muramic acid in soil hydrolysates was carried out. The reversed phase fluorescence method was rapid, provided good validation parameters, and employed relatively inexpensive instrumentation. The HPAEC methods had slightly higher limits of quantification, 0.6–5.0 µmol L−1 (HPAEC-FL) and 1.0–10.0 µmol L−1 (HPAEC-PAD), compared to the reversed phase fluorescence method (0.5–5.0 µmol L−1). Various sample pretreatment methods and chromatographic methods were investigated and the advantages and disadvantages of the HPLC methods are discussed.


The phenomenal proliferation of social media platforms has facilitated the spontaneous sharing of expressions, opinions, and emotions in public spaces. Unfortunately, with this rapid rise, these mediums have been repeatedly used to spread propaganda, excite religious and political violence, jeopardize social harmony and disseminate other aggressive content. The pernicious societal effects of such undesired content have become a severe concern for tech giants and government bodies. Studies revealed that the majority of such activities are performed via texts written in regional languages. Developing an automatic system to identify and classify aggressive texts in resource constraint languages like Bengali is monumental. This work proposes an ensemble-based classifier model to compensate for this deficiency. A corpus of 10095 annotated texts (5095 for non-aggressive and 5000 for aggressive) is developed to train the system. Moreover, aggressive texts are classified into four fine-grained categories: political, gendered, verbal and religious using hierarchical annotation schema. This work also investigates 21 standard classifier models developed based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) with different embedding models (i.e., Word2Vec, GloVe, FastText) and ensemble strategies. All the models are trained, tuned and tested on the developed dataset (EATxtC-Extended Aggressive Text Corpus). The experimental result exhibits that the ensemble of CNN and GRU (i.e. CNN+GRU) outperformed the other baseline models with acquiring the highest weighted f1-score of 89.55% (coarse-grained) and 83.77% (fine-grained).


Although Lactarius sect. Deliciosi (Fr.) Redeuilh, Verbeken & Walleyn (syn. Lactarius sect. Dapetes) is a readily identifiable group in the field, it is exceedingly difficult to correctly identify species with orange to reddish orange latex. A lack of careful study of these species in North America in general, and the Pacific Northwest more specifically, makes species identification often impossible. One common undescribed Pacific Northwest species, which begins fruiting rather early in the season, is described here as Lactarius aestivus sp. nov. It is found in conifer forests dominated by Abies Mill. and Tsuga Carriere, and is characterized by bright orange latex and zonate, bright to pale orange pileus that only rarely stains greenish. A phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences supports the species delimitation.


We implemented a reconstruction algorithm based on the three-dimensional radiative transfer equation (RTE). Reconstruction results obtained indicate that the algorithm can indeed accurately handle the problems with small tissue volumes.


As many are well aware, the situation in Serbia in recent months has been marred by the tragic murder of the Prime Minister, Zoran Djindjic. I will be direct—the shot fired at Dr. Djindjic was at the same time aimed at the young democracy of Serbia. This assassination was organized and perpetrated by a criminal organization— the so-called "Zemun band"—that represents the residue of the criminal heritage from the Milosevic period and that worked in the past for the leadership of the former State Security Service and the former commander of the Special Operations Unit of that service. The goal of their conspiracy, which they called "Stop the Hague," was to use the assassination of the Prime Minister as a catalyst to provoke chaos in the country. They thought that such an act would prevent the election of the Council of Ministers in the joint state of Serbia and Montenegro. The assassination was perpetrated at a time when the country was without a minister of defense. The conspirators also hoped that, as a result of the chaos following the assassination, it would not be possible to elect a new Serbian government. All this was supposed to trigger the fall of the administration and prompt the return of pro-Milosevic forces to the same positions that they enjoyed under the earlier regime. The stated political platform of the conspirators was to gather together all of the so-called "healthy patriotic forces," while in reality it was a joint attempt by those with an interest in perpetuating the criminal heritage of the Milosevic regime. The conspirators certainly received clear answers; however, their plan had a boomerang effect. First of all, the citizens of Serbia, with their magnificent farewell to Dr. Djindjic during his funeral, which was attended by more than half a million citizens, clearly demonstrated that the plans of these criminals had failed and that there was no chance of a return to the past. The ruling coalition had not fallen apart. On the contrary, this tragedy unified it. The coalition understood the importance of this historical moment, and it was aware of the responsibility that it had towards the citizens and the state. Elections for the Council of Ministers and the government took place without a hitch. Instead of the division on which the terrorists were counting, and instead of the disharmony between the Republican and Federal authorities that was the main problem in the Serbian fight against organized crime in the period after democrati-


Summary: The corpus PARLARS aims to document the colloquial not interfered Catalan (Beltran / Segura, 2017) before it disappears, owing to both the pressure of standard and especially linguistic contact with Spanish (Segura, 2003). It also wants to offer researchers adequate materials to develop studies of description and analysis of the linguistic variation of Catalan, especially the one related to functional (colloquial) and dialectal varieties. Finally, using data provided by the corpus, we try to test the hypothesis that languages function as conventionalized structures, as explained by Cognitive Construction Grammar (Goldberg, 2003; Taylor, 2012; Hilpert, 2014). This article presents the first phase of the construction of this corpus which consists precisely of defining its main characteristics, the working methodology and the transcription system, as well as the results obtained so far. Keywords: corpus, colloquial variety, variation, Catalan, Valencian, synchrony, Cognitive Construction G


Abstract The purpose of this research is to study the process of how a senior teacher interprets and transforms the curriculum text when she teaches social studies curriculum of Grade 1-9 curriculum first time. Case study method was adopted in this research, and all study data were collected via observation, interview, and document analysis to inquire the interpret points and transform process of the curriculum and textbooks from the social studies curriculum teacher in our case. Finally, some conclusions and suggestions were made, and the results of this research could be the references for teachers to rethought the curriculum text and use the social studies textbooks sufficiently. The conclusions of this research are as follows: 1. The teacher in case study considered that curriculum is not a synonym of textbooks. In fact, teaching materials and opportunity education also belong to curriculum. Additionally, the curriculum planning is just a principle framework, and the contexts within it can be amended. 2. The teacher adopted a random-teaching method to infuse the six critical issues without any new teaching unit. 3. The teacher did not deny the value of textbooks. However, she would amend and reorganize the contexts of textbooks, not depends on it. 4. The teacher did not perceive the ideological problems of social studies textbooks. Nevertheless, she had the thought of ethnics toleration and multicultural. 5. The strategies of curriculum text transformation adopted by the teacher were based on reorganizing and adding the new teaching units into the textbooks. Based on above conclusions, some suggestions provided in this research can be classified into four areas: a practical method for educational administration to supply teachers with strategies of curriculum text transformation, a way for schools to give teachers more motives to transform curriculum text, a manner for social studies curriculum teachers to transform curriculum text efficiently, and a future research about how to study our case or topics deeply.


The structure of curcumol was modified via a two-step reaction: exocyclic double bond oxidation and oxygen bridges acylation within the seven-membered ring.The reaction product was purified by silica gel column chromatography.Compound 2 was characterized by IR,ESI-MS,1H NMR,13C NMR and 2D NMR(i.e.,gCOSY,gHSQC and gHMBC) techniques.The 1H and 13C NMR signals of compound 2 were assigned.Its structure was elucidated as 8-hydroxyl-12-isopropyl-2-methyl-tricyclo [6.2.2.01,5] dodecane-10-oxa-6,9-dione.


With art economy history and economics analyzation method,from the angle of considering performing art as the intelligence product,the paper analyzes the nature,historic forming reasons,and reform reasons of state owned theaters and performing groups.It states that art producing and market are contradictory on one hand but they share something in common on the other,which becomes the dynamic of performing art development.The paper dem onstrates that dealing with the relationship between the management of art producing and ideology properly is the guar antee of art innovation and development.Meanwhile,it points out the reform of state owned theaters and performing groups is the return of their former identity,which will enable them to win the audience back.However,there are some problems during reforming.The paper gives the strategies and suggestions for solving the new problems in new sit uation for the state owned theaters and performing groups after reform.


Abstract Both fifth and sixth instar Choristoneura fumiferana were fed C. fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus (CfNPV) and assayed for trypsin, chymotrypsin, aminopeptidase, and carboxypeptidase activities. CfNPV infection affected trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in fifth instar insects. Tryptic activity in control fifth instar insects fluctuated through the 24-hr time period, decreasing from 0.035 μmol BAPNA hydrolyzed/ min/mg protein at 1 hr p.i. to 0.018 μmol BAPNA hydrolyzed/min/mg protein by 4 hr p.i. Infection delayed the decrease in tryptic activity until 6 hr p.i. Chymotryptic activity in fifth instar larvae decreased significantly compared to controls at both 6 and 24 br postinfection. Infection of sixth instar larvae by CfNPV significantly decreased tryptic activity at all times tested except at 6 hr p.i., when tryptic activity was significantly greater than the control. Aminopeptidase activity in sixth instar larvae also decreased significantly at all times tested, except 4-hr postinfection. The pH of maximal aminopeptidase activity in both control and infected insects occurred over a range of pH 8.5-10. In control insects at 0.25 hr postinoculation, however, the maximum activity occurred at pH 9.0. These results demonstrate that CfNPV infection of C. fumiferana significantly alters specific protease activity.


The mixed-signal programmable system-on-chip (PSOC) architecture for high-volume low-cost applications is presented. Programmable analog, digital, and clocking circuits are combined with flash memory and a microcontroller to provide a platform for single-chip solutions for low-cost consumer applications. Both programmable analog and digital circuits are designed to support a moderate level of abstraction, balancing flexibility against cost and performance. A rough comparison of alternative approaches based on functionality and cost is presented.


Electronic optical spectra of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophylls, bacteriochlorophylls, and carotenoids are characterized by the presence of a phonon wing of varying degrees of intensities. Differential evolution - the multiparametric optimizer and the stochastic theory were used together to simulate absorption profiles of pigments and to fit experimental data.


In Africa, new forms of leadership have emerged at various social levels and institutions to drive a development agenda based on peer-learning and knowledge-sharing. However, the African continent remains confronted with many challenges on its path to sustained growth and development. This research sought to characterise leadership for sustainable development. It is a case study that was informed by a purposive sample of 30 MBA students from two regions. An open-ended questionnaire was use to gather data. The findings among other things were that Africa needs leadership that is not embodied in a sole heroic individual but diffuse, pluralistic, collective and facilitative leadership for sustainable development. Ability to advocate a viewpoint that is in line with the broader sustainability agenda and feminine attributes of cooperation, understanding, pluralistic knowing and seeking union align more closely with the sort of work required to develop more sophisticated, encompassing and collaborative efforts. Intimate knowledge of sustainable development, creating and sustaining relations and accommodating the particular heterogeneity and diversity of localities and regions were cited as characteristics of leaders for sustainable development. The article argues that leaders who make decisions from a long-term perspective will lead Africa towards economic prosperity, social cohesion and environmental sustainability.


The growth in popularity of the object-oriented paradigm and the decision by the College Board to move the Advanced Placement Computer Science program to Java have led an increasing number of universities, colleges, and secondary schools to adopt Java as the programming language for their introductory computer science course. At the same time, many institutions find Java difficult to teach because of its significant detail complexity and its tendency to evolve rapidly over time. Such problems have led to periodic calls from within the computer science education community for the creation of simpler tools and a manageable Java subset specifically designed for presentation at the introductory level. Responding to this concern, the ACM Education Board has appointed a new task force whose mission is to develop an appropriate set of Java-based teaching resources that bears the endorsement of our professional society. The purpose of this special session is to introduce this task force to the SIGCSE community and to begin the discussions necessary to ensure that the deliverables produced by the task force will meet the needs of a wide range of institutions.


AIM To study the chemical constituents of anti-endometriosis active fraction from Moutan Cortex.METHODS Ethyl acetate extracts of total glucosides from Moutan Cortex in treating endometriosis were isolated and purified by using the silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and preparative liquid chromatographic separation methods,and structurally identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis.RESULTS Eight constituents were obtained from anti-endometriosis active fraction of Moutan Cortex.Their structures were identified as paeonol( 1),benzoic acid( 2),β-sitosterol( 3),2,5-dihydroxy-4-methyl acetophenone( 4),benzoylpaeoniflorin( 5),lactiflorin( 6),paeoniflorin( 7),oxypaeoniflorin( 8).CONCLUSION Compound 6 is first isolated from Moutan Cortex.


The systematization of the original and published data on the geology and paleogeography of the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene of Eastern Europe was carried out due to the lowering of the Quaternary lower boundary to the level of 2.6 million years ago and the inclusion of the Gelasian stage in Quaternary system. It was revealed that at the bound of the Gauss-Matuyama paleomagnetic epochs, the profound landscape and climate changes took place. The rhythmic fluctuations of the climate intensified against the background of the general trend towards cooling and aridization. Subarctic landscapes appeared during the period from 2.6 to 1.8 Ma, which corresponds to the Gelasian stage (the Praetiglian and Tiglian stages of Western Europe or the Paleopleistocene of Eastern Europe). In the Eopleistocene (1.8–0.78 Ma) and Early Neopleistocene (0.78–0.42 Ma), the climate became colder while the structure of natural zonality repeatedly underwent a complex restructuring and gradually approached to the modern one. The presence of glacial deposits was noted in Eastern Europe already in the Paleopleistocene. The traces of at least three independent glaciations were revealed in the Eopleistocene, and four glaciations were suggested for the Early Neopleistocene. Based on the data from stratotype sections, paragenetic relations between heterochronous sediments in glacial and periglacial areas were established and Early Pleistocene paleogeographic events in Eastern and Western Europe were correlated.


Genetic profiling and characterization of lung cancers have recently emerged as a new technique for targeted therapeutic treatment based on immunotherapy or molecular drugs. However, the most effective way to discover specific gene mutations through tissue biopsy has several limitations, from invasiveness to being a risky procedure. Recently, quantitative assessment of visual features from CT data has been demonstrated to be a valid alternative to biopsy for the diagnosis of gene-addicted tumors. In this paper, we present a deep model for automated lesion segmentation and classification as gene-addicted or not. The segmentation approach extends the 2D Tiramisu architecture for 3D segmentation through dense blocks and squeeze-and-excitation layers, while a multi-scale 3D CNN is used for lesion classification. We also train our model with adversarial samples, and show that this approach acts as a gradient regularizer and enhances model interpretability. We also built a dataset, the first of its nature, consisting of 73 CT scans annotated with the presence of a specific genomics profile. We test our approach on this dataset achieving a segmentation accuracy of 93.11% (Dice score) and a classification accuracy in identifying oncogene-addicted lung tumors of 82.00%.


VALIDATION STUDY OF THE SCIENCE LITERACY ASSESSMENT: A MEASURE TO ASSESS MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE AND ABILITY TO THINK SCIENTIFICALLY By Tammy R. McKeown, MS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Education Dissertation Chair: Lisa M. Abrams, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Foundations of Education Virginia Commonwealth University, 2017 The present study investigated validity evidence for the Science Literacy Assessment, an instrument designed to assess middle school students' ability to think scientifically as well as their motivation and beliefs about science (Fives, Huebner, Birnbaum, & Nicolich, 2014). Specifically, three sources of evidence were considered; internal structure, concurrent criterionrelated, and predictive criterion-related. Exploratory factor analysis was utilized to examine the underlying factor structure of each of the instrument's two components, motivation and beliefs related to science and demonstrated scientific literacy. Pearson product-moment correlations were calculated to determine the relationship between scores on the motivation and belief component of the Science Literacy Assessment and two instruments widely used to assess students' attitudes toward science, the Modified Attitudes Toward Science Inventory (Weinburg & Steele, 2000), and the STEM Career Interest Survey (Kier, Blanchard, Osborne, & Albert, 2014). Finally, the extent to which scores on the Science Literacy Assessment predict scores on a general science knowledge instrument was assessed with the use of bivariate linear regression. Results suggested that, for the middle school student sample, the Science Literacy Assessment has appropriate psychometric properties for use with middle school students. Due to an insufficient high school sample size, validity evidence for this group was inconclusive.


Efficient regional computation is a key for low power mid-level image processing. In this paper, we show how to fit digital retinas with such capabilities. We propose a low power and fast hardware software solution to perform regional integral operations based on a regional sum primitive. It takes advantage of a mixed synchronous-asynchronous approach and specific computation algorithms. To illustrate its behavior, a case study on over-segmentation reduction, using regional statistical methods, is presented.


For many of us, teaching sociology at the community colleges is at once a source of enduring excitement and a source of grawing frustration. How could it be otherwise? We are teaching one of the broadest subjects to one of the most diverse student populations in higher education.


Stalk borer is a pest to corn and occasionally soybeans. Damage is usually limited to the first few rows adjacent to grassy fencerows, terrace backslopes, and road ditches, but occasionally the damage is fieldwide. Stalk borers have one generation per year. Moths are attracted to leaves and stems of grasses and broadleaf weeds, starting in late August through mid-October. The eggs overwinter and hatch the following spring starting when around 500 base-41 degree days has accumulated. These larvae feed in the spring growth of the grasses, but eventually grow too large to stay inside the small grass stems, forcing them to move to larger plants.


A United Kingdom bred Shetland sheepdog puppy was presented with crusting, hyper- and hypopigmented alopecic skin lesions on the face, nose, tail and extensor surfaces of the lower limbs. Histologically, the lesions were characterised by vacuolation of the basal epidermis with formation of colloid bodies and vesication. There was accompanying dermal oedema with moderate infiltrates of predominantly mononuclear cells. Hyperpigmentation, acanthosis and follicular atrophy correlated with the clinical appearance of chronic lesions. Skin scrapings for ringworm and mites were negative as was direct immunofluorescence. A full post mortem examination was conducted. Histological examination of five muscle sites, including the temporalis and masseter muscles did not show any significant abnormality. The condition is discussed in relation to the pathological criteria required for diagnosis and compared with published reports of epidermolysis bullosa and dermatomyositis in collies and Shetland sheepdogs. Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of cutaneous asthenia (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome) was made pathologically in two domestic shorthaired cats from the same area of the United Kingdom. Histological and electron microscopic findings are described and compared with other published reports.


To find a novel RNA that would bind efficiently and specifically to Tat protein but not to other cellular factors, we used an in vitro selection method and isolated a novel aptamer RNATat, a 37‐mer RNA oligomer, that binds efficiently to the Tat protein of HIV‐1. In the present study, we analysed various properties of aptamer RNATat, including binding kinetics, identification of functional groups for Tat binding, and inhibition of Tat function.


On the example of the activities of the German art historian Kurt Badt, the article reveals the complex relationship between modern art and contemporary art history. The outstanding and, obviously, underestimated figure of the scholar, who throughout his long life was ready to confront the rest of the discipline unwilling to become a part of the university system, with all his creativity embodied the very idea of freedom that modern artists and sympathizing art critics strove for. Due to the availability of English-language versions of the art historian's texts mainly on the masters close to modern art — Delacroix, Constable, and Cézanne — his position in the dispute about modernism seems more or less unambiguous. The aim of this article is to show that this is far from the case, discovering the points of contact of Badt with many of his colleagues who have earned a reputation as unconditional conservatives. First of all, it concerns the Austrian art theorist Hans Sedlmayr, an interest for whom, especially in recent times, is predetermined by widespread ideas about the fundamental incompatibility of academic art history with attempts of unbiased consideration of the history of modern art. Moreover, a deep kinship of such research activity with the most reactionary political ideas is also widely discussed, which, as it should be noted, this outstanding critic of the modern culture was not absolutely innocent of. Nevertheless, his clash with Badt, a polemic that took place in the 1950s and 60s, centered on the work of not Cézanne, but Vermeer van Delft, can be considered from the point of view of the attitude of the two scholars to phenomena less distant in time. This makes it possible to raise the question of the paradoxical similarity of the views of these two authors — with such a different creative and human destiny.


A relational model of cutting tools choice was established,which was shown with a contour Boolean matrix.Through the coloring logical operation,the cutting tools candidate set was calculated to meet machining conditions.With the candidate cutting tools set,the fuzzy optimization was made for every part feature.And with considering the effects of the time of cutting tools exchange,processing sequence and other relevant information for the selection of cutting tools,the choice of cutting tools is optimized as a whole during machining.


Computer-aided text analysis (CATA) has enormous potential for expanding the study of leadership communications. Building on previous calls for more creative methodologies for studying leadership, scholars need to be continually innovative in utilizing textual data from diverse sources (e.g. emails, letters, memos, annual reports, statements to shareholders, executive speeches, interview and meeting transcripts, training materials, newsletters, websites, blogs, etc.) to move beyond the "typical" leadership study in management and organizational psychology. We review the use of CATA to compare leadership communications across different contexts and historical time periods, providing examples of studies that have utilized this approach. Given both its strengths and limitations, we argue that CATA represents an important tool to help unravel further illustrations of rhetorical leadership in a wide variety of leadership contexts, particularly in situations in which impartial comparisons of leaders across situations are of primary interest.


An element spacing of less than 1/2 wavelength introduces strong mutual coupling and power mismatch between the ports of antenna arrays. The strong coupling may cause severe degradation on system performance. In order to overcome this problem, an alternative approach to port decoupling is proposed in this paper, the decoupled external ports of the feed network can then be matched independently by using open stub transmission line. To validate this method, a 2-element quasi-Yagi antenna array and a ring hybrid that acts as decoupled network are designed. The results show that this method can decrease the coupling effect and improve the performance of antenna.


An inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) was developed to continuously measure the heavy metals concentrations in flue gas in order to track the metal release process.The system is devoted to the thermal treatment of metal-spiked mineral matrix, coal and municipal solid wastes in fluidized bed (850℃).This method was used to study the kinetics of heavy metals release.The optimum values of the gas flows from the 1200 W power generator were 0.1 L·min~ -1 for the sample gas and 0.2 L·min~ -1 for argon.During the thermal treatment of coal and municipal solid waste,Cd and Pb were released readily,while Zn was released at a lower level than Cd and Pb.The formation of stable compounds such as ZnO·Al_2O_3 and CdO·Al_2O_3 from the reaction of heavy metals with fly ash particles could decrease heavy metals release.In all cases, the experimental setup was successfully used to monitor the heavy metal release process during coal and solid waste thermal treatment.


The objective of this paper is to introduce the concept of `destructive idealization' and to describe the process by which, given certain conditions, the future is destructively idealized. 1 outline the ways in which the human mind, once the here-and-now becomes intolerably frightening or painful, escapes into another time, another place, and idealizes it, a process in which the splitting of positive and negative feelings is inherent. As far as I am aware, this particular correlate of splitting has not yet been closely studied, nor the term `destructive idealization' used to designate it. The concept is defined and illustrated with contemporary examples.


We experimentally demonstrate a 36-Gb/s DMT signal transmission over 50-km SSMF based on a cost-effective 10-GHz DML-based IM/DD system. The data rate is improved by 22% with Volterra filtering.


In the past few years, the pulse stretcher ring (PSR) concept has emerged as a viable method for extending the duty factor of pulsed linacs. The viability is a result of considerations such as cost and expected extracted beam quality. A few of the projects emphasize high average extracted beam intensity. This is accomplished through a high injection frequency (1 kHz) and relatively high injected peak currents (greater than or equal to80mA). To enhance the injection efficiency, the number of turns of injection are minimized so the ring is long and there are fewer turns for extraction. There is considerable experience with beam extraction over large numbers of turns from synchrotrons, but time uniform extraction over fewer turns has not been treated as thoroughly. In this paper, some of the extraction calculations made for the proposed MIT-Bates One-GeV Pulse Stretcher Ring are discussed. The theory used for the simulation procedure will be reviewed, the results summarized, and some points of operational interest mentioned.


A bovine rotavirus exhibiting the group A rotavirus RNA electropherotype was detected in a diarrhoeic faecal specimen obtained from Kluang, Johor in February 1987. All other specimens from the same location and from Kuantan, Pahang, obtained in 1987 and 1988, were negative for rotavirus RNA. The RNA-positive specimen reacted positively in an ELISA test for group A rotavirus.


We examined the Workshop IDDM HLA data t o test the +allele model and the r eces s ive model of i n h e r i t a n c e a t t h e HLAa s soc ia t ed locus. We a l s o looked a t whether a d i f f e rence i n t h e f i t of the models e x i s t e d , depending on whether the data came from simplex o r mul t ip lex families. I n add i t ion , we looked a t whether those probands whose HLA type could not be unambiguously determined a f f e c t e d t h e conclusions of t h e analyses .


Measurement of the rate of flow of air during inspiration is important in respiratory physiology and for the design of protective respiratory devices. Methods that have been used previously are described and their limitations explained. A new instrument was constructed for such measurements, which offers no appreciable resistance to air flow. This instrument consists of a microscopic platinum wire suspended across the diameter of a 31.6‐mm tube. One end of the wire is attached to a fixed point and the other end to a fine spring. The displacement of the wire when air flows through the instrument is recorded photographically by a moving paper camera. The deflection of the wire is linear with air flow, and its inertia, lag, and frequency of vibration do not interfere with respiratory measurements. A low resistance valve and mask system complete the apparatus.


.................................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1 -Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 Research Questions................................................................................................................. 1 Literature Overview................................................................................................................ 2 Approach............................................................................................................................. 2 Limitations of the Social Perspective on IS Development ................................................. 2 Contribution ............................................................................................................................ 3 Data Source and Method......................................................................................................... 4 Chapter Summaries................................................................................................................. 4 Chapter 2 Philosophical Foundation................................................................................. 4 Chapter 3 Social Theoretical Framework......................................................................... 5 Chapter 4 Information Systems Literature ....................................................................... 5 Chapter 5 Social Networks ............................................................................................... 5 Chapter 6 Methodology.................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 7 Analysis and Results ........................................................................................ 5 Chapter 8 Implications, Limitations and Future Direction............................................... 5 Chapter 2 -Philosophical Foundation ....................................................................................... 6 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 6 Ontology ................................................................................................................................. 7 Orthodox Dichotomy .......................................................................................................... 7 Trikaya ................................................................................................................................ 8 Epistemology .......................................................................................................................... 9 Continuity of Meaning........................................................................................................ 9 Inquiry............................................................................................................................... 10 Axiology ............................................................................................................................... 10 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 3 -Social Theoretical Framework.............................................................................. 12 Cultural Materialism and an Integrated Approach to Social Science ................................... 12 The Integrated Capital Ensemble Model .............................................................................. 16 The Conceptual Model...................................................................................................... 17 Capital ............................................................................................................................... 17 Resource Capital ............................................................................................................... 17


Interleukin‐35 (IL‐35), a novel anti‐inflammatory cytokine, has recently been implicated in tumor development, progression, and survival. However, the relationship between serum IL‐35 levels and gastric cancer (GC) is inconclusive. Here, we performed this study to clarify the role of serum level of IL‐35 in GC patients.


This viewgraph presentation reviews Ikhana's project goals: (1) Develop an airborne platform to conduct Earth observation and atmospheric sampling science missions both nationally and internationally, (2) develop and demonstrate technologies that improve the capability of UAVs to conduct science collection missions, (3) develop technologies that improve manned and unmanned aircraft systems, and (4) support important national UAV development activities. The criteria that guided the selection of the aircraft are listed. The payload areas on Ikhana are shown and the network that connects the systems are also reviewed. The data recorder is shown. Also the diagram of the Airborne Research Test System (ARTS) is reviewed. The Mobile Ground Control Station and the Mobile Ku SatCom Antenna are also shown and described.


The optimal processing conditions for the extraction of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula fruit-body werestudied. Using distilled water as extraction agent was better than dilute alkali or acid. The results showed that: the rate of dryfruit-body powder to water was 1:15, the opitimal rate of alcohol to concentrate liquid was 4:1, the extracting temperature wascontrolled at 75℃ with 2h for each time and total times were 5. The quality of freeze drying CAAP was better than that of vacuumdrying. Combining enzyme deprotein mothod with Sevage method was found better than Sevage deprotein method.


Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders and, also a highly recurrent disorder with an increasingly younger age of onset for the initial episode. Depression in adolescence is under-recognized although its associated burden of illness is very high. Some frequent associations with depression in this age group are under-achievement, poor lifestyle choices including substance abuse, and a high risk of the persistence of the illness into adulthood. The present study was aimed to examine the effect of age and gender in the experience of symptoms of depression among adolescents. The sample comprised of 50 males (25 early adolescents, 25 middle adolescents) and 50 females (25 early adolescents, 25 middle adolescents) adolescents in the age range of 12-18 years. Sample was selected by making use of purposive incidental sampling procedure. The results of 2X2 ANOVA revealed that female adolescents were significantly higher on depression as measured by Beck depression inventory, than male adolescents. Further, depression was found to be significantly higher in early adolescence as compared to middle adolescence.