The radiation from the central regions of active galactic nuclei, including that from the accretion disk surrounding the black hole, is likely to peak in the extreme ultraviolet $\sim 13 -100$ eV. However, due to Galactic absorption, we are limited to constrain the physical properties, i.e. the black hole mass and the accretion rate, from what observations we have below $\sim 10$ eV or above $\sim 100$ eV. In this paper we predict the thermal and ionization states of warm absorbers as a function of the shape of the unobservable continuum. In particular we model an accretion disk at $kT_{in} \sim 10$ eV and a {\it soft excess} at $kT_{se} \sim 150$ eV. The warm absorber, which is the highly ionized gas along the line of sight to the continuum, shows signatures in the $\sim 0.3 - 2$ keV energy range consisting of numerous absorption lines and edges of various ions, some of the prominent ones being H- and He-like oxygen, neon, magnesium and silicon. We find that the properties of the warm absorber are significantly influenced by the changes in the temperature of the accretion disk, as well as by the strength of the {\it soft excess}, as they affect the optical depth particularly for iron and oxygen. These trends may help develop a method of characterising the shape of the unobservable continuum and the occurrence of warm absorbers.


The Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) implements a project entitled, "Village Adoption for Empowerment and Capacity Building Ensuring Livelihood of Fisherfolk in Central Kerala" from 2015 onwards with the objective of increasing fish production, creating employment opportunities to the fisher folk, thus ensuring livelihood security to them. The University is giving special emphasis on promoting cage aquaculture of variety of species in suitable areas and providing both technical and financial support to its beneficiary farmers for establishing small scale units. The present study was carried out in Ernakulam District of the Kerala State with the objective of identifying the constraints faced by 80 beneficiary farmers engaged in cage aquaculture  of Asian seabass. The constraints faced by the cage aquaculture farmers were classified into three categories namely technical, economic and infrastructural/ administrative constraints. The most important constraints were non -availability of quality seeds, high cost of feed and lack of timely and adequate supply of seeds.


A COOPERATIVE SKID TESTING PROGRAM WAS UNDERTAKEN WITH GENERAL MOTORS PROVIDING GROUND AND THE MICHIGAN STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT. SKID TESTS WERE PERFORMED USING THE TWO TRAILER TESTING EQUIPMENTS. APPROXIMATELY 2,400 SKID TESTS WERE PERFORMED BETWEEN JUNE AND NOVEMBER, 1957. DYNAMIC AND STATIC COMPARATIVE TESTS OF THE TWO SKID EQUIPMENTS WERE MADE. IN GENERAL, THE DEPARTMENT'S EQUIPMENT GIVES SLIDING COEFFICIENTS ABOUT 20% HIGHER THAN GENERAL MOTOR'S AT 30 MPH IN THE SAME TEST AREAS. THIS DIFFERENCE IS BEING INVESTIGATED. TWO HIGH-ACCIDENT INTERSECTION AREAS IN DETROIT WERE GIVEN ANTI-SKID TREATMENTS UTILIZING ALUMINUM OXIDE GRAIN WITH ASPHALT AND LATEX EMULSIONS OR EPOXY RESIN BOND COATS. THESE AREAS WILL BE RETESTED PERIODICALLY TO DETERMINE THE AFFECTIVENESS IN PERMANENCE OF EACH COATING UNDER NATURAL WEATHERING AND TRAFFIC.


Static loading tests on fresh human spinal segments obtained at autopsy were performed to measure the deformation of thoracic and lumbar intervertebral joints in response to lateral bending moment, flexion moment, extension moment, torsional moment, anteroposterior and mediolateral shear force, axia


An attempt has been made to use synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for detection and monitoring of offshore oil seeps in the eastern offshore areas of the Krishna–Godavari Basin, which has been supplemented and correlated with collateral free-air gravity and seismic data. Images of the study area obtained from ENVISAT ASAR image mode were processed and analysed in detail. A number of natural oil seepages were identified and distinguished from pollution and biogenic slicks. These were subsequently studied using different parameters to assign various degrees of confidence. The repetitiveness of the identified seepages was studied and a total of five areas of seep repetitions had been recognized in the study area. The seeps that are repeated in images of different dates are more likely to be of natural origin than others. Simulation and modelling of a particular oil slick arising has been attempted over the Krishna–Godavari offshore using MIKE 21 software.


AIM: To investingate the variety of the function of vascular endothelium in the patients with hypertensive nephropathy and the effect of Huayu Qinli Granule on (Hirudo,Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae,Herba Leonuri,etc.) it. METHODS: This was a prospective,comparative and single-blind clinical trial.Patients in accord with the diagnosis and TCM differentiation standard were randomly divided into treatment group,united treatment group,blank control group and positive control group.Before the beginning of the trial,all patients were treated by Felodipine to lower their blood pressure to desired value.When the trial began,blank control group were treated only by Felodipine, positive control group were treated by general hypertension pills+captopril,treatment group were treated by Felodipine+Huayu Qinli Granule,united treatment group were treated by Felodipine+Huayu Qinli Granule+captopril.The course of study was for 4 weeks.The levels of urinary microalbumine(ALB),urinary α_1-microglobulin(α_1-mg),urinaryβ_2-microglobulin(β_2-mg),serum nitric oxide and plasma endothelin were measured before and after the trial. RESULTS: The results showed both Huayu Qinli Granule and ACEI improved the levels of serum nitric oxide but there was slightly advantage over ACEI;both Huayu Qinli Granule and ACEI improved the levels of plasma endothelin,the improvement of Huayu Qinli Granule was(equal) to ACEI;united treatment group had the remarkable effect on serum nitric oxide and plasma endothelin. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that Huayu Qinli Granule improves the function of vascular endothelium in the patients with hypertensive nephropathy to a certain extent with the sufficiency of the treatment of depressing blood pressure.The effect of Huayu Qinli Granule is similar to that of ACEI.They cooperate with each other but mechanism of them may be different.


The problem of designing a k-link robot arm confined in a convex polygon that can reach any point in the polygon starting from a fixed initial configuration is considered. The links of an arm are assumed to be all of the same length. We present a necessary condition and a sufficient condition on the shape of the given polygon for the existence of such a k-link arm for various values of k, as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for rectangles, triangles and diamonds to have such an arm. We then study the case k=2, and show that, for an arbitrary n-sided convex polygon, in O(n2) time we can decide whether there exists a 2-link arm that can reach all inside points, and construct such an arm if it exists. Finally, we prove a lower bound and an upper bound on the number of links needed to construct an arm that can reach every point in a general n-sided convex polygon, and show that the two bounds can differ by at most one. The constructive proof of the upper bound thus provides a simple method for designing a desired arm having at most k+1 links when a minimum of k links are necessary, for any k≥3. The method can be implemented to run in O(n2) time.


Thin films of Na2/3Ni1/4Mn3/4O2 were prepared on stainless steel substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique. X-ray diffraction and Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscope results show that the thin film deposited at 750°C is highly preferred orientation with homogeneous nanoscale particles. Galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement results reveal that the reversible capacity retention is 91% after 30 cycles with a high initial discharge capacity of 175.3 mAhg-1 at a current density of 13 mAg-1. It also exhibits excellent rate capability, as the current density increases to 260 mAg-1, about 80% of its initial capacity can be retained. After the high rate measurement, the NNMO electrode can deliver a discharge capacity of 110.4 mAhg-1 when the current density was reduced back to 13 mAg-1.


A new structure of three-way catalysts(TWC) with combined flow guide device was presented and the simulated results of its influence on the flow distribution uniformity were given.A new kind of catalyst adapted to compressed natural gas(CNG) vehicle was developed.The preparation, composition and processing technology of the catalyst were put introduced.The investigation showed that due to the improvement of the combined flow guide device,the catalyst composition and the processing technology, the uniformity of flow distribution in TWC could be improved by more than 5% and the life-span of TWC could be prolonged.The dosage of noble metals in TWC of CNG vehicle was greatly decreased,and higher purification efficiency for the exhaust was obtained.


There is a consensus that there is a gap between male and female wages. This paper investigates whether this is due to a negotiation gap, and what mechanisms can alleviate it, by examining whether females ask for less in a controlled bargaining setting that accurately models relevant aspects of negotiating over a starting salary. The results are stark: females ask for less, and earn less than males. Providing social information eliminates the negotiation gap, and more importantly, the wage gap.


Today, the land has an important and strategic role in development. Increase in population from year to year causes an increase in the need for land use, while the form and extent of land are relatively fixed. Bantul Regency is part of D.I.Yogyakarta Province which experienced changes in land use and utilization. This research was aimed to provide information about land use change in Bantul regency year 2011-2015. This research used Geographic Information System (GIS) by using Open Source Quantum GIS software. The method used in this research was data collection in the form of survey and interview, and data analysis using geoprocessing technique to Bantul Regency administration map, land use map of Bantul Regency in 2011 and 2015, and the map of change. The result of this research was information about land use change that happened in Bantul regency.


The infrared optical system is an important part of an infrared detection system. With the keeping upgrading of infrared detectors and requirements for infrared detection systems based on a variety of applications, higher requirements for infrared optical systems have been put forward in terms of performance and designing optimization. Based on infrared option system and DOE theory, the effects of environment temperature on optical systems are analyzed. This paper introduces DOE theory, aberration and color difference characteristic, etc. Refractive-diffractive mixed system is carried out by using DOE to infrared optical system, which results in high quality and simple optical system. The image quality of the optical systems is eva1uated by making use of modu1ation transfer function (MTF). A performance comparison is done between conventional refractive optical system and hybrid optical system, showing that hybrid optical system has obvious advantages in terms of image quality, volume, weight, environmental adaptability over traditional refractive optical system.


In the past 40 years, Brazil has experienced rapid fertility decline, where the number of children per woman (i.e., total fertility rate) has dropped sharply from 6.0 in the 1960s to 2.3 in the late 1990s.What makes Brazil's fertility decline particularly interesting is its strong reliance on a nonreversible method of contraception: tubal ligation, here referred to as female sterilization. As recently as 1996, the country led the world in recorded rates of female sterilization. This practice is so pervasive and dominant that among some Brazilian scholars it has come to be called the surgical transition rather than the fertility transition. In this paper, we discuss the prevalence of female sterilization and other contraceptive methods among rural women of the Lower Amazon. The use of reversible (e.g., the pill, condoms) and irreversible (sterilization) methods is analyzed in terms of women's birth cohorts and in terms of their individual characteristics. We argue that to understand contraceptive choices we need to consider the social and cultural context, particularly the availability of local health services, the influence of doctors and politicians, as well as women's own goals for themselves and their children.


A phenomenological and critical examination of knowledge expressed and exchanged in physiotherapy with children W. S. Bjorbækmo, H. S. Robinson and E. Engebretsen Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway


The paper presents a concept of a multi-level pedestrian safety management system. Three management levels are distinguished: strategic, tactical and operational. The basis for the proposed approach to pedestrian safety management is a risk-based method. In the approach the elements of behavioural and systemic theories were used, allowing for the development of a formalised and repeatable procedure integrating the phases of risk assessment and response to the hazards of road crashes involving pedestrians. Key to the method are tools supporting pedestrian safety management. According to the risk management approach, the tools can be divided into two groups: tools supporting risk assessment and tools supporting risk response. In the paper attention is paid to selected tools supporting risk assessment, with particular emphasis on the methods for estimating forecasted pedestrian safety measures (at strategic, national and regional level) and identification of particularly dangerous locations in terms of pedestrian safety at tactical (regional and local) and operational level. The proposed pedestrian safety management methods and tools can support road administration in making rational decisions in terms of road safety, safety of road infrastructure, crash elimination measures or reducing the consequences suffered by road users (particularly pedestrians) as a result of road crashes.


T he axion, a leading dark matter candidate, is hypothesized to make up the dark matter halos thought to surround galaxies. In certain models, axions coalesce into "miniclusters"—dark matter clumps with masses of around 1019 kg. David Ellis at the Georg August University of Göttingen, Germany, and his colleagues now show that these miniclusters can act as gravitational lenses that magnify light from background sources [1]. They find a range of axion-particle masses for which the miniclusters might be observable in gravitational-lensing surveys.


Initially we tried to evaluate the needle on cadavers. As the material removed from the erector spinae muscle was unsatisfactory (only a very small and torn tissue sample could be obtained and this was of insufficient quality to permit histochemical analysis), we decided to analyze the function and performance of the needle in more detail. Our in vivo investigations, which were carried out on a variety of exposed muscles (such as pectoralis major, serratus anterior, rectus abdominus), question the report by Eriksson and colleagues, who recommended this needle as an alternative to the commonly used (and larger) Bergstrom needle. If the Stille-Eriksson needle is being used in a clinical setting, we are concerned that the patients involved will suffer unduly and without any diagnostic benefit. Based on our experiences, we would like to caution other clinicians and clinical investigators about the application of the needle for percutaneous muscle biopsies.


Since our country impelmented the policy that has given priority to develop the aluminum industry in the mid-1980s, the electrolytic aluminium industry has experienced fast development for 20 years.But the fast development of the electrolytic aluminium industry leads to a serious questions. According to the analysis of the SWOT analytic method, this paper points out the enterprise's superiority, Weakness, opportunity and threat. combining the enterprise's reality, this paper also proposes that the Chinese electrolytic aluminium enterprise's exist takes the enhancement theory as the theory orientation and constructs the Chinese country electrolytic aluminium enterprise's exist strategy. Proposing that the Chinese electrolytic aluminium enterprise must maintain the certain scale, make better and stronger principal work through the host auxiliary separation, display enterprise itself's resources effectiveness, implement strategy alliance, extend the industrial chain link and expand aluminum industry existing space, provided the new idea of our country electrolytic aluminium enterprise of the exist.


The present importance of network collaboration processes between Worker Cooperatives resides in the dual function they are called on to fulfil: A) Minimising the members' extreme aversion to risk, - due in worker-partners to the abundance of risks, and in capitalists due to the impossibility of controlling their investment -, enabling both circulation of redundant labour among the member companies and creation of multiple separate funds for investment to finance new projects. B) Enabling the Worker Co-operative to access new market segments without losing thereby its nature as an integrating agent in its territorial aspect; that is, enabling delocalisation of business results, but not of the business activity, which remains linked to the community of origin of the workforce to which the Worker Co-operative concedes the status of majority partner.


We provide the first evidence of a walking dynamics for two color lattice Yang-Mills theory with two Dirac flavors in the symmetric representation of the gauge group.


INTRODUCTION: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a newly described form of encephalitis in children associated with prominent psychiatric and neurological  symptoms at onset. There are few cases described in Latin America with confirmed circulating anti-NMDAR antibodies. According to literature review this is the first case described in Ecuador.  METHODS: Review of medical history and complementary studies. CASE DESCRIPTION: A nine-year-old-boy was admitted because of a head injury secondary to a transient loss of consciousness. Subsequently he developed progressive disorders of sleep/wake cycle, psychomotor excitability, choreoathetoid movements, orofacial dyskinesias, unintelligible speech, dysautonomic alterations and focal seizures. CT scan was unremarkable. DWI-MRI showed hyperintense bithalamic lesions. An EEG showed diffuse slowing with focal occipital spikes. Herpesvirus PCR and CSF cultures were negative. Paraneoplasic screening studies were also negative . A partial response to Methylprednisolone, Levetiracetam and Diazepam was seen.  Nevertheless, concomitant Immunoglobulin treatment significantly improved symptoms with independent return to his daily activities without extrapyramidal movements and seizure-free. During steroids weaning a relapse featuring psychomotor hyperactivity, orofacial dyskinesias, alternating sensory and visual hallucinations had been reversed with. IV methylprednisolone. Currently he is on multidisciplinary follow with almost total recover of his daily activities. Circulating anti-NMDA receptor antibodies were confirmed in CSF samples. CONCLUSIONS: Early recognition of the clinical manifestations of this condition will allow better recovery of acute symptoms, as well as a lower rate of sequelae. The identification of more cases in Latin America will also allow to define whether there are own characteristics of this disease in our population.


A new precipitation retrieval algorithm for the AMSR2 is described. The algorithm is based on the cloud dynamics and radiation database (CDRD) Bayesian approach and represents an evolution of the previous version applied to SSMIS observations, and used operationally within the EUMETSAT H-SAF program. This new product presents as main innovation the use of a very large database entirely empirical, derived from coincident radar and radiometer observations from the NASA/JAXA GPM-CO launched on February 28, 2014. The other new aspects are: 1) a new rain-/no-rain screening approach; 2) use of EOF and CCA for dimensionality reduction; 3) use of new ancillary variables to categorize the database and mitigate the problem of non-uniqueness of the retrieval solution; and 4) development and implementations of modules for computation time minimization. A verification study for case studies over Italy and for coincident AMSR2/GPM-CO observations over the MSG full disk area has been carried out. Results show remarkable AMSR2 capabilities for RR retrieval over ocean (for RR > 0.1 mm/h), good capabilities over vegetated land (for RR > 1 mm/h), while for coastal areas the results are less certain. Comparisons with NASA GPM products, and with ground-based radar data, show that the new CDRD for AMSR2 is able to depict very well the areas of high precipitation over all surface types. The algorithm is also able to handle an extremely large observational database available from GPM-CO and to provide rainfall estimate with minimum latency, making it suitable for NRT hydrological and operational applications.


A prospective study was performed on 63 women at risk for preterm delivery who recorded maternally perceived contractions for 1 hour before and after placement of an external tocodynamometer. Fifteen women had an increase, 11 had a decrease, and 37 had no change (P not significant) in the number of perceived contractions after placement of the tocodynamometer.


SUMMARY The hydatic cyst of the kidney ocupy the three place of all visceral localisations. It stays asymptomatic a long time because the kidney is duply located. The authors reported their experience with 22 cases of hydatid disease of the kidney. And they put special emphasis on endocry s t e c t o m i e plus partial ectocy t e c t o my wh i ch stay a simple and effective operation.


Career Challenges Faced by Professional Black Women in Sweden by Herta Boakye-Yiadom Dahl MA, Webster University, Vienna, Austria, 2006 BS, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, 2004 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University November 2018 Abstract Academically and professionally qualified Black women who immigrated to SwedenAcademically and professionally qualified Black women who immigrated to Sweden from the United States and the continent of Africa encounter barriers that may hinder their career opportunities. The unstable labor market position of foreigners required efforts by the Swedish government to address the problem. Little is known about the unique and specific challenges that qualified Black immigrant women experience when integrating into the Swedish labor market with foreign qualifications and professional experience. Guided by Durkheim's social integration theory, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to evaluate the lived experiences of Black immigrant women as they integrated into the Swedish labor market with foreign education and professional experience. Using a Facebook group and an organization promoting Black women in Europe, data were collected through 9 semistructured, open-ended interviews with Black immigrant women who lived in Sweden for at least 7 years. Data were then coded and analyzed using Moustakas' framework. Using thematic analysis produced the following themes: reevaluation of labor market policy and Swedish language, networking, and discrimination. Results from this research provide a framework for the Swedish government, public, and private organizations to direct future research, enhance labor market integration opportunities for academically and professionally qualified Black women and other immigrants, and inform the public about current debates and propositions for modifications to labor integration policies. Career Challenges Faced by Professional Black Women in Sweden by Herta Boakye-Yiadom Dahl MA, Webster University, Vienna, Austria, 2006 BS, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI, 2004 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University November 2018 Dedication I dedicate this research to family and friends (you know who you are) whose loyalty was a dynamic and influential force during the years I spent at Walden University. A special dedication to my husband, Patrik Boakye-Yiadom Dahl, for his unconditional love and support, and to our beautiful sons, Julian and Mateo. A special dedication to my dad, Stephen Boakye-Yiadom, my mother, Grace Boakye-Yiadom, my sisters Hanna and Akosua Boakye-Yiadom, and my brother Akwasi Boakye-Yiadom. Thank you for your constant prayers, encouragement, and humor-filled pockets of inspiration in the most difficult moments of this journey. A special dedication to Peter and Barbara (MA) Frey for their heroic and endless financial support and commitment to me during this adventure. Acknowledgments With a heart of gratitude, I wish to thank the Almighty God for His grace and His mercy that saw me through my studies. "God's love is meteoric, his loyalty astronomic, His purpose titanic, his verdicts oceanic. Yet in his largeness nothing gets lost; Not a man, not a mouse, slips through the cracks." -Psalm 36:5-6 The Message (MSG) My profound thanks go to Dr. Dianne Williams, my chair, my mentor, and supervisor for her assistance and encouragement through my PhD walk. She nurtured and birthed in me a patience and persistence for academic writing and supervised this work from the beginning to the end. Thank you for working diligently with me, putting up with my constant emails and skype calls. Immense gratitude for your prompt responses to my emails and your timely advice. Special thanks to Dr. Cassandra Caldwell who graciously served on the committee with great interest and commitment. Thank you for your support and help regarding my methodology design, aiding and assisting me to structure and format my research questions better. Tremendous gratitude goes to Dr. Anne Hacker who kindly, together with Dr. Cassandra Caldwell, also served on my committee. Thank you, Dr. Hacker, for your insightful feedback on my drafts to enrich this work. To Dr. Philip and Diann Popejoy, my first editors, thank you very much for helping me understand what I write and write down distinctly and undoubtedly what I understand. Your help and support were invaluable, and I am entirely humbled by your dedication to help see this work take form. To all the participants in this study for making themselves available to freely share their experience with me and the rest of the world, your voice has been heard loud and clear! My endless gratitude extends to you all. To my husband, Patrik, I appreciate your prayers, understanding, endurance, and sharing in my anxieties and celebrating every milestone I crossed throughout this journey. And to my sons, Julian and Mateo, you were my inspiration! Mommy, Hanna, Akosua, and Akwasi, a very big thanks to you all. You are all so wonderful and truly godsent! Peter and Barbara Frey (MA), I definitely could not have done this without you both. I am forever indebted! Thank you so much. Thank you! Thank you! Thank you ever so much: Catrin, Connect Group Sisters, Janerose, Josiane, Lisa, Maria, Nelisa, Pellagia, Salome, Sara, Silvia, Thoiny, Wisdom, and so many others. I love and appreciate you all! Finally, a special thanks to Mr. Michael Miller for comments and recommendations regarding the form and style of my dissertation.


Increased pressure to meet customer needs requires greater accuracy and discipline in capturing and translating the voice of the customer. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a method widely applied in hardware-based products. However, the application ..


The reactivity of allyl carbons in (π-allyl)molybdenum complexes has been investigated theoretically. The central carbon of the allyl moiety has been shown to be more reactive than the terminal carbons toward nucleophiles in Cp2Mo(η3-allyl)+ by locating a reactant complex, transition states, and products with the density functional theoretical calculations. Orbital interactions have been analyzed then by applying a paired interacting orbital scheme to the MO wave function. The local electron-accepting ability of allyl carbons has been evaluated, showing that the acidic hardness of reaction sites is a key to understand the higher reactivity of the central carbon. The regioselectivity observed in nucleophilic attacks to CpMo(η3-allyl)(CO)(NO)+ and some other (π-allyl)molybdenum complexes has also been investigated in terms of the local electron-accepting ability of the reaction sites. The terminal carbons are shown to be more reactive in these cases.


The investigations are made on properties and applications of textile PET staple fiber,Yizheng Co.made hydroentanglement used PET staple fiber(WF 310),Yizheng Co.made hydroentanglement used high hydrophilic PET staple fiber(WF 311) and two imported hydroentanglement used high hydrophilic fibers.The results show that the water absorbability of WF 311 is highest and hydroentanglement nonwoven made from WF 311 has good absorbent capacity and its absorbency rate is higher than the stipulated index of medical and hygienic materials.With repeat hydraulic impact,the absorbent duration of WF 311 nonwoven is similar with rayon hydroentanglement nonwoven.


A present invention provides a removable filter for capturing thrombi in a blood vessel. A comprises a filter (10) a plurality of struts having a first end attached together along its longitudinal axis is (12). Each primary strut has an arcuate segment extending from the first end to the fixed hook (26). These primary strut is configured to move between the expanded state for a fixing hook engaged with the vessel, and a contracted state for delivery or retrieval of the filter. Each primary strut, to occupy a second diameter arcuate segment occupied by the fixed hook in contracted state for harvested or delivery of the filter (D2) larger than the first diameter (D1), the length direction in a contracted state along the axis and is configured so as to intersect with other primary struts. .FIELD 3b


Recent progress of computer technology makes it possible to analyze financial and economic systems through simulation studies. Among them, agent-based modeling is promising. In this paper, using agentbased modeling from distributed artificial intelligence, I discuss the validity of passive investment strategies in financial markets where active investors who hold future information exist. As a result of intensive experiments, I made the following findings: (1) active investing could get positive excess return from the short-term view point; (2) passive investing, as is consistent with traditional financial theory, is valid even when the introduction of active investors holding future information. These results contribute to clarifying the mechanism of price fluctuations in financial markets and are notable from both academic and practical view points.


The potential advantages of multi-phase solutions over the conventional 3-phase ones have been widely discussed in the literature. Their feasibilities and performances have been recently described and proven. The main goal of this paper is to design and implement a test rig to evaluate control policies for a double-3-phase induction motor drive, a multiphase drive with an increasing interest in ship propulsion, locomotive traction or electrical vehicles (EV) applications.


Throughout the years fairy tales have been used as a means of transmitting moral values and behavior codes to children. This is why it is not surprising that between the 17th and 19th Centuries these tales underwent a rein-terpretation which allowed the removal of their traditional character and turn them into tales meant for children, emphasizing the lessons derived from them. It is interesting how anthologists during those times, such as the brothers Grimm, attempted to instigate in children the fear of the consequences of the loss of control of their body attitudes, and at the same time rewarded values such as hard work and honesty. It is also remarkable that capital sins are almost always present in children's tales, showing the way in which these must be repressed and punished. In Hispanic-America, children's tales appeared little by little during the second half of the 19th Century, first through children's periodicals, and afterwards by means of editorial houses such as Editorial Saturnino Calleja, which not only translated and adapted the old versions, but also published story collections of its own, reducing the violence in those narratives and highlighting compassion and love for the fellow man.


To prevent excess weight, the eating habits and lifestyle among adolescence arouse great interest in public health. The aim of this study is to analyze the lifestyle and nutritional status of this age, also to determine the difference between the habits of the students that attend the Medical and Technical school and to find out that knowing about the importance of a healthy lifestyle would have an effect on everyday habits. The research was conducted as a cross-sectional study in a Medical school and a Technical school in Vojvodina. The research instrument was a questionnaire, which is anonymous and voluntary, filled out by 209 students, aged 14-18 years. Analysis of the data was analyzed by the statistical package SPSS. We used descriptive statistics and statistical significance between the two schools was tested using the Pearson χ2 test. Students of the technical school don't think about health, but they are physically more active. They have a higher percentage of overweight students (18%). The students of the Medical school are thinking about health, physically less active, and have a higher percentage of underweight students (10%). With appearance is satisfied with 44% of respondents. One-third believes that they have overweight and should lose a weight. The knowledge about the importance a healthy lifestyle in students of medical school affect consciousness in selecting foods, the desire to control their own weight, but does not influence to the regular physical activity.


This article introduces a Prolog-like inference system based on Neural Logic. A brief introduction of the background of this research is given first. The logical basis, knowledge construction and inference mechanism of Neural Prolog are described.


A detector of O(1 kg) modular mass with O(100 eV) threshold at O(1 kg-1keV-1day-1) background level finds tremendous application in the field of neutrino and dark matter physics. This novel detector demands overcoming several challenges at both hardware and software levels. The collaboration is exploring Germanium detection technology and highlights of the R & D program are presented. The salient features of various detector configuration and the applied analysis methodologies are discussed. In particular the differentiation of surface and bulk events by pulse shape analysis in point contact Germanium detector is described. These advances pave the way for new detector technique to be fully exploited.


In typical MRI protocols, time is spent acquiring a field map to calculate the shim settings for best image quality. We propose a fast template‐based field map prediction method that yields near‐optimal shims without measuring the field.


Embodiment relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor light-emitting device. The semiconductor light emitting device manufacturing method according to the embodiment includes the steps of forming a light emitting structure including a first conductive type semiconductor layer, active layer and second conductive type semiconductor layer on the substrate; Forming an electrode layer on the second conductive type semiconductor layer; Forming a conductive support member on the electrode layer; Planarizing the top surface of the conductive support member; Removing the substrate; And forming a first electrode under the first conductive type semiconductor layer. LED, a vertical type structure


Boom. With a deep jolt, a drum is struck. The television screen fades in from black to reveal a still image of Orenthal James Simpson from the chest up. String and wind instruments suddenly rise into a slow, rather ominous melody, marked at regular intervals by repeated strikes of the drum. Simpson, clad in a conservative grey suit, white shirt, and multi-colored tie, fills the left half of the screen. His arms and hands cannot be seen. His shoulders are directed about one quarter turn to the right, his head cocked slightly to the side, his mouth pursed. His eyes stare up and out into space, away from the television spectator. Next to Simpson's head, dominating the right side of the screen, is a graphic formed with simple black and white letters and underlined in red: "The Simpson Trial." Below this sits the KTLA news logo. These graphics and Simpson's image rest against a white background framed in blue. Closer inspection of the background reveals that it is really a muted image of the empty criminal trial courtroom. As the music continues, the graphics and Simpson's image dissolve into the first of three or four sound bites from the previous day's testimony. These sound bites are framed by boxes that pop up at various locations around the screen, expanding in size until about three-quarters of the screen is filled.


The polarity-mismatched perfluoroalkyl radical addition to electron-deficient alkenes was studied. For this study, several substrates having two polarity-different radical acceptors were employed to investigate the regiochemical courses of cascade reaction. In the case of substrate 1 having a methacryloyl moiety, we found polarity-mismatched perfluoroalkylation giving 15a-e as a major course over the polarity-matched perfluoroalkylation giving 16a-e. Moreover, in the case of substrates 2-7, perfluoroalkyl radicals selectively added to an electron-deficient alkene moiety of 2-7, to give polarity-mismatched perfluoroalkylation products without the formation of regioisomers. Next, the control of enantioselectivity was studied. In the case of substrates 1 and 3, the reaction proceeded with good enantioselectivities by employing a chiral Lewis acid, prepared from chiral box ligand 24 and Zn(OTf)(2). For direct comparison, we also studied the reaction with other carbon radicals, derived from ICH(2)CO(2)Et, ICH(2)CN, BrC(CO(2)Et)(2)Me, and CCl(3)Br, which have electrophilic character.


Flow related bending of cilia results in calcium influx through a polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 complex both of which are members of the TRP family (TRPP1 and TRPP2, respectively). Deletion of this complex as well as cilia result in polycystic kidney disease. The calcium influx pathway was previously characterized in immortalized collecting duct cells without cilia and was found to be a 23 pS channel that was multimere of TRPP2 and TRPV4. The purpose of this study was to determine if this TRPP2 and TRPV4 multimere exists in vivo. Apical channel activity was measured using the patch clamp technique, from isolated split-open cortical collecting ducts (CCD) from adult conditional knockout mice with (Ift88flox/flox) or without (Ift88-/-) cilia. Single tubules were isolated for measurements of mRNA for Pkd1, Pkd2, Trpv4, and ENaC subunits. The predominant channel activity from Ift88flox/flox mice was ENaC (5pS Na+ selective channels with long mean open times (475.7±83.26 ms) and open probability (Po) >0.2. With the loss of cilia, the predominant conductance was a 23pS non-selective cation channel (reversal potential near 0) with short mean open time (72±17 ms), Po <0.08 and a characteristic flickery opening. Loss of cilia increased mRNA levels for Pkd2 and Trpv4 from single isolated CCD. In conclusion, the 23 pS exist in vivo and activity of this channel are elevated with loss of cilia, consistent with previous finding of an elevated-unregulated calcium permeable pathway at the apical membrane of CD cells that lack cilia.


Variable frequency asymmetrical pulsewidthmodulation (VFAPWM) is generally utilized in remote force move frameworks to manage the measure of intensity moved. This manage plot is likewise embraced in Qi, one of the generally outstanding remote charge models. Traditionally, examination of WPT frameworks depends on initial sounds estimation, which just thinks about the key symphonies sign. This could be off base for variable recurrence topsy-turvy beat widthadjusted WPT frameworks in light of the fact that VFAPWM innately delivers numerous sounds. In this paper another logical procedure, called Multiple Harmonics Analysis (MHA) is created to observe arrangement repaid WPT frameworks. The activity of the converter at these superior exchange frequencies conveying the whole burden recent through turn on and turn off moments of the switch, expands the exchanging misfortunes and is exposed to a lot of di/dt and voltage stress. The converter utilizes the ZCS strategy with the idea of full switch, which is a mix of semiconductor gadget and LC system, and does the Switch to rotate on, rotate off at zero current moment. This lessens the exchanging misfortunes and improves the existence time of the switch.


Expounded theory expression and standard of drift injure. Test the clock signals drift injure in PDH transmission system, SDH link transmission system, the transfer in SDH loop transmission system. Demonstrated the transfer that PDH transmission system draw injures much few than SDH transmission system through theory and test, PDH transmission system can transfer the clock signal. Moreover verified the expounding that drift injure in SDH transmission system mainly draw by pointer regulation, found the pointer regulation draw drift injure very little.


The development of the UK Biobank is described, including the ongoing controversy about its scientific validity and the process of public and stakeholder consultation employed by the biobank's funders. It is argued that the exclusion of 'expert' debates on public health and science from the consultation process distorts the ethical debate. Genetic risk prediction and prevention is a questionable health strategy, underpinned by controversial assumptions, yet its merits are taken as given when questions are focused on consent, access and privacy. The separation of 'health', 'science' and 'ethics' makes the decision to fund the project unaccountable and has serious implications for public trust. Bioethicists and others should contribute to broadening the ethical debate, so that the underlying rationale of population biobanks is open to public scrutiny.


Abstract The diblock copolymer poly(styrene-b-trimethylvinylsilane) was made anionically by sequential addition of the monomers. The copolymer is amphipathic and will stabilize foams consisting of nitrogen and polymer hydrocarbon solutions. The foam stabilization properties of poly(sty-rene-b-trimethylvinylsilane) are dependent upon molecular weight, composition, and concentration. The optimum diblock copolymer has M n in the range of 9 000-30 000, contains about 0.10 mole fraction trimethylvinylsilane, and is used at about 0.3 wt% concentration for foams consisting of nitrogen dispersed in a solution of polystyrene in styrene monomer. The diblock copolymer poly(styrene-b-trimethylvinylsilane) is readily made by sequentially and anionically polymerizing styrene and trimethylvinylsilane. Kinetics place limitations upon the length of the poly(trimethylvinylsilane) segment and conversion of trimethylvinylsilane monomer due to a termination reaction. Two transitions are observed in DSC thermograms indicating ...


In this paper, Baker Brownell's neglected naturalistic philosophy is interpreted as a pioneering ecological naturalism which formulates naturalism's traditional concern with Nature and social concerns in explicitly ecological terms, thus providing a normative framework for the treatment of both social and educational problems that includes man's relationship to the natural world as well as his fellow man.


More than 80,000 induced abortions take place in Bolivia every year despite legal restrictions that permit abortion only in cases of rape, incest or if the life or health of the mother is at risk. The vast majority of abortions take place clandestinely, posing significant risks to women's health. In this study, Marie Stopes International Bolivia (MSIB) explored women's experiences of abortion and their knowledge, attitudes and perceptions on this issue.


A large number of works on dispersed medium modeling use either pure ray optics or light transport equation in which propagation of light obeys geometric optics while scattering properties of the medium can be either calculated with wave optics or measured. In either case the distance between individual particles must be much greater than wavelength. At the same time current computer power allows to simulate paint layer with wave optics. We decided to compare paint simulation done by the scalar wave approach and by ray tracing with individual particles. One of the goals of this work is to verify the correctness of ray tracing results for various sizes of metal flakes used often in production of metallic or pearlescent paints. Ray tracing had been done in two variants. One assumes the flakes have perfectly mirror reflection, while in the other variant the reflection is slightly diffuse with the angular distribution taken from the Fraunhofer diffraction on thin disk. For not too large flakes results of these two approaches substantially differ. The second "hybrid" method is considerably closer to the wave optics results.


The modern judicial system in Guangxi came into being and developed in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,but the execution of judicial system in Guangxi was behind that of the other provinces. This is because the execution of judicial system, which was one of the important part of superstructure, was after all restricted by various kinds of social factors,Such as the intervention of administrative powers and military powers to judicial powers,the substitutive function of non-governmental regulations,the restriction of social economy,the influence of the judicial officers' quality and professional morality.


One of the first challenges faced by patients' organisations may be to become a user-led organisation. In Portugal, for instance, there is still a strong culture of paternalistic relationship between doctors and patients, which can be a barrier when it comes to recognising leadership skills in a patient. This means that achieving a user-led model within the organisation depends on a) at least one person (patient or carer) feeling able to come forward and assume the leadership, b) this person's ability to gather more peers for the governing bodies, and c) that this team is accepted by the members of the organisation who are used to the paternalistic model. The important role of PARE and EULAR in providing tools and opportunities for developing skills for the empowerment of patients in advocacy, lobbying and as research partners, will be addressed in this lecture, since it can contribute to overcome some of the identified barriers. Another challenge may be that the desirable concept of patients' organisations as user-led organisations should be duly recognised, for their acknowledgement as stakeholders in the decision-making processes, representing the people affected by those processes. In Portugal, although the National Health Plan for 2012–2016 and its extension to 2020 considers citizenship-based strategies, the predicted involvement of patients/citizens and their representatives, as a key strategic axis to maximise health gains, had been limited to a couple initiatives without significant patient or public. Several patient and citizen organisations have been advocating for increased and meaningful involvement in health decision-making. In 2015, a working group was established with representatives from 13 patient organisations (including the Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases – LPCDR), one consumer organisation and a research centre. The main objective was to develop a Charter for Public Involvement in Health that could be widely accepted and recognised by health stakeholders. However, the group also felt the need to define a consensus on Eligibility Criteria for the Representation of People with or without Disease in Health Decision-Making in Portugal. The final version of the Charter was discussed with political and health stakeholders in a Forum held at the Portuguese parliament that count about 150 participants. The document will now be presented for a legislative procedure in Portugal and it has been accepted in the public consultation on information to be considered during the preparation of the draft guidelines on the effective implementation of the right to participate in public affairs by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). This lecture will also focus on lobbying with several tools, from EULAR EU Affairs, Stene competition, PARE conferences and engagement programme, to patients' organisations networks, as a process for a user-led organisation to be acknowledged as such. The final challenge to be addressed will be the need to empower the citizens' involvement, through education, training and networking for patient advocacy, patients' involvement on health policy decision-making processes and on research. Several empowerment tools to help applying the «users'» arguments and getting involved in multiple areas, to improve access to care, social protection, sustainability, citizens' rights and patients' quality of life will be presented. This lecture aims to address some strategies, sharing the Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases (LPCDR) experience on engaging the «users», changing mindsets and tackling the citizen participation of people with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (RMDs) in Portugal. Disclosure of Interest None declared


High-pressure device for closing a pressure vessel 8 in the clean room, which consists at least of a base part and a closure part and has a sealing surface between these two parts, for carrying out a process having at least one process fluid, by means of a rotationally symmetric lifting system, comprising at least one moving rotationally symmetrical working piston 1 each with a guide cylinder 4, wherein the working piston 1 has, at the present in the guide cylinder 4 piston end at least one on the outer surface radially circumferential reinforcement 3, so that the inner space between guide cylinder 4 and piston 1 in at least one lower cylinder cavity 12 and an upper cylinder cavity 13 is divided and at least one hole 5 and 6 in the guide cylinder 4 leads to each of these cylinder spaces 12 and 13, and these holes 5 and 6, directly or through conduits 24 and 25 with at least one actuator 20 are connected which 12 and 13 of the guide cylinder 4 controls the loading and discharge of the cylinder chambers, characterized ...


A water-soluble DSP toxin Dinophysistoxin-4 (DTX-4, 1) is isolated from a butanol-soluble fraction of a P. lima strain, and its structure characterized on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical reactions.


In this paper we define the commutator of automorphisms in groups.Let G be any group and 〖 α〗_1 ,α_(2 ),… be automorphisms of G , then the commutator of automorphisms of wight 2, define as follows;

[α_1,α_2]=〖α_1〗^(-1) 〖α_2〗^(-1) α_1 α_2.
In general, the element
[α_1,α_2...,α_(n-1),α_n]=[[α_1,α_2...,α_(n-1)],α_n]

is the left norm commutator of automorphisms of wight n≥2,which is called a simple commutator of automorphisms of wight n.

And in particular we prove some properties of them.


This paper examines the extent of state dependence in unemployment and the role played in this by intervening low-wage employment. A range of dynamic random and fixed effects estimators are compared. Low-wage employment is found to have almost as large an adverse effect as unemployment on future prospects and the difference in their effects is found to be insignificant. Evidence is presented that low-wage jobs act as the main conduit for repeat unemployment and considerably increases its probability. Obtaining a higher-wage job reduces the increased risk of repeat unemployment to insignificance.


The heat capacities of three PdGd alloys containing 3.0, 5.0 and 7.7 at.% Gd in solution have been measured from about 1.5 to above 60 K. The magnetic peaks have been analyzed quantitatively in terms of a spectrum of Curie temperatures within each alloy. The magnetic entropies correspond to a spin quantum number of about 2.8 associated with each Gd atom. The variation of the apparent Debye temperature with actual temperature for each of the alloys has been determined


Copolymers of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO) and methyl acrylate (MA) containing ester units both in the backbone and as pendant groups were synthesized by free-radical copolymerization. The influence of reaction conditions such as the polymerization time, temperature, initiator concentration, and comonomer feed ratio on the yield, molecular weight, and copolymer composition was investigated. The structure of the copolymers was confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the copolymers had a random structure. An NMR study showed that hydrogen transfer occurred during the copolymerization. The reactivity ratios of the comonomers were r MDO = 0.0235 and r MA = 26.535. The enzymatic degradation of the copolymers obtained was carried out in the presence of proteinase K or a crude enzyme extracted from earthworms. The experimental results showed that the higher ester molar percentage in the backbone caused a faster degradation rate.


We have created a large-scale information delivery platform optimized for mobile phones and used it for many months now to run a content delivery service through SMS. We share the key findings from our experience of serving many millions of short messages each month to over 1 million subscribers.


In preparation of the Green Paper on greenhouse gas emissions trading within the European Union, the cost implications of EU-wide emissions trading carbon dioxide were estimated by E3-Lab with their PRIMES energy systems model. According to the report, if each EU member States implemented its target under the Burden sharing agreement individually, the total annual cost for the EU to reach the Kyoto target would be 9.0 billion Pound.


AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to generate compound distributions, discrete or continuous, from Binomial conditional distributions by means of Bayesian techniques. Besides, the authors extend Kowar's paper (1975) by characterizing some discrete and continuous distributions, in the context of some well-known distributions, from the conditional distribution of a random variable (r. v.) and by the linear regression of the latter given the former.


An account is given of the records of rocky shore species at Lundy maintained by Professor L.A. Harvey. Those records have now been archived. Following observations in 2006 and 2007 it is concluded that, broadly, the same conspicuous species can be found today as were found by Harvey in the period 1947-1950. However, there are apparently declines in abundance of some species and the addition of a few species not recorded by Harvey. One species, the top shell Osilinus lineatus, has increased in abundance most likely as a result of warming conditions. Two non-native species have been added to the Lundy intertidal biota since the late 1940s. Further work is needed especially on algae and inconspicuous animals.


In this paper, we discuss scenarios for the use of modern wireless telecommunication systems and related services in the maritime domain. The impressive development of the wireless telecommunications, along with areas like mobile/wireless computing, pervasive computing and context aware and location-based services has stimulated our interest in onboard application of such technologies to further facilitate crew communication and tasks to support different activities of the passengers on board. After presenting the relevant technical developments, we present our view of the maritime telecommunications infrastructure of the near future and we try to provide suggestions for achieving the vision of ubiquity and universality in maritime communication systems.


The utility model relates to an immersed gas production device of pentane oil. The device comprises a dehumidifier, a gasifier, a relay tank, an oil storage tank and a fuel gas collecting tank, wherein a blower is arranged at the inlet of the dehumidifier, the outlet of the dehumidifier is communicated with the gas inlet of the gasifier through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the gasifier is communicated with the fuel gas collecting tank through a pipeline, the top of the gasifier is communicated with that of the relay tank through a first gas phase connecting pipe, the bottom of the gasifier is communicated with that of the relay tank through a first oil conveyance connecting pipe, the gas outlet of the relay tank is communicated with the fuel gas collecting tank through a pipeline, the top of the relay tank is communicated with that of the oil storage tank through a second gas phase connecting pipe, the bottom of the relay tank is communicated with that of the oil storage tank through a second oil conveyance connecting pipe, and the gas outlet of the oil storage tank is communicated with the fuel gas collecting tank through a pipeline. The immersed gas production device provided by the utility model is used for gasifying liquid pentane to fuel gas applied on occasions providing a large amount of fuel gas.


During the course of a normal conversation talkers make frequent and extensive changes in speaking rate which affects the acoustic realization of both consonants and vowels. Previous research has shown that the articulation rate of a syllable influences both the production and phonetic categorization of its segmental components. However, little certainty exists regarding which portions of the syllable carry information about overall articulation rate. The present study investigated this question by editing the burst and aspiration phases from natural /bi/ and /pi/ syllables produced at a fast rate of speech, and cross‐splicing them onto the same tokens produced at slow rates of speech (and vice versa). These tokens were presented to subjects for speeded classification of the initial consonant. The results indicate that subjects were sensitive to the mismatch in articulation rate between the initial burst and aspiration of the stop consonant and the remainder of the syllable created by the cross‐splicing t...


The risks of climate change and soil degradation for the agricultural environment and crop production are increasingly prominent. Based on the limitations of land resources, it is important to explore a sustainable and effective fertilization strategy to reduce risks and ensure there is a high yield of grain and sustainable development of agriculture. Soil fertility underpins cultivated land, which is the most important resource of agricultural production, and is also the key for maintaining agricultural sustainability. The central elements of soil fertility are soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nitrogen (SN). This study applied the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer-Cropping System Model (DSSAT-CSM) and the CENTURY-based soil module to simulate the trends of crop yields, SN storages and SOC storages until the end of this century under different climate change circumstances, based on a 36-year long-term experiment established at Shenyang site, China. Four fertilizer practices were applied: control (CK), combined chemical fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), NPK with manure (MNPK), and NPK fertilizers plus a high application rate of manure (hMNPK). The outcomes indicated that the DSSAT model can fully simulate the yields of maize and soybean as well as the dynamic stocks of the SN and SOC. Three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5) for future development were chosen from the fifth assessment report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Moreover, a baseline was installed. Crop yields, SN, and SOC storages from 2016 to 2100 were estimated under four climate scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5, and Baseline). The RCP scenarios in some treatments reduced SN and SOC stocks and maize yield, and had no effect on soybean yield. However, the application of NPK with manure could improve crop yields, while it increased SN and SOC storages substantially. To some extent, the negative effects of climate scenarios could be mitigated by applying manure. In the RCP 4.5, maize yields of NPK, MNPK, and hMNPK treatments declined by 14.8%, 7.7%, and 6.2%, respectively, compared with that of NPK under Baseline. The NPK fertilizers plus manure treatments could cut the reduction of maize yield caused by climate change in half. Additionally, the SOC storage and SN of chemical fertilizers plus manure treatments under RCP scenarios increased by 20.2%–33.5% and 13.7%–21.7% compared with that of NPK under baseline, respectively. It was concluded that a rational combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications is a sustainable and effective agricultural measure to maintain food security and relieve environmental stresses.


The distributions of the smallest and largest eigenvalues for the matrix product Z†Z, where Z is an n × m complex Gaussian matrix with correlations both along rows and down columns, are expressed as m × m determinants. In the case of correlation along rows, these expressions are computationally more efficient for the purpose of tabulation than those involving sums over partitions and Schur polynomials reported recently for the same distributions.


Abstract Constitutive analysis for elevated temperature flow behavior of BFe10-1-2 alloy was carried out by using experimental stress–strain data from isothermal hot compression tests on a Gleeble-3800 thermo-mechanical simulator, in a wide of temperature range of 1,023–1,273 K, and strain rate range of 0.001–10 s−1. A constitutive equation based on double multiple nonlinear regression (DMNR) was proposed considering the independent effects of strain, strain rate, temperature and their interrelation. The predicted flow stress data obtained from the developed equation based on DMNR was compared with the experimental data. Correlation coefficient (R), average absolute relative error (AARE) and relative errors were introduced to verify the validity of the developed constitutive equation. The results showed that the developed constitutive equation based on DMNR could predict flow stress of BFe10-1-2 alloy with good correlation and generalization.


Sinusoidal ac signals are applied to 90-/spl Aring/ thick gate-oxide in 0.5-/spl mu/m n-MOSFETs. The objective is to emulate ac stressing to devices, recently reported to occur during plasma processes. AC stressing is found to be more damaging to the oxide and oxide/silicon interface when compared to dc stressing. The damage induced by the ac stress is observed to depend on the signals frequency and amplitude. It is proposed that carrier hopping is primarily responsible for oxide current and device damage observed following the ac stress. This hopping current is insignificant during high-field dc stress when Fowler-Nordheim tunneling becomes the dominant conduction mechanism.


In the framework of Articulatory Phonology, linguistic structures are represented in terms of coordinated articulatory gestures that are organized into a gestural score. Syllable structure can be seen as residing in the phasing of the dynamical gestures. The present study investigates the temporal coordination and cohesion of some articulatory gestures as a function of their respective configuration. It looks at the effect of speaking rate and accent on the articulation of the /kl/ or /skl/ clusters and on the same sequence of consonants separated by a reduced vowel (/k♠l/). Articulatory-phonetic representations inspired by gestural scores were recovered independently for both the acoustic and EPG signals that were recorded for two native American English speakers. Constriction locations and degrees were inferred from the EPG data by dividing the palates into place-of-articulation regions and tabulating the percent of electrodes contacted within these regions. These measurements support a Gestural Phonology account of the difference in the production and cohesion of /kl/ and /skl/ vs. /k♠l/. In a parallel modeling study, temporal events were recovered from the acoustic signal using a temporal decomposition procedure. These events and their relative timing are compared to the EPG-based gestures and their arrangement in the gestural score.


Muslim and Catholic teenage girls discussing dating and marriage . . . Jewish and Catholic women studying the Bible together . . . Jewish, Christian, and Muslim moms sharing kosher marshmallows. These are just a few snapshots of the conversations taking place between Jewish, Christian, and Muslim "women of the book" in Chicago. "People of the book" (ahl al-kitab) is a Qur'anic term Muslims use to describe religions centered on a revealed text, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Christians and Jews would not necessarily define themselves in this manner, but I have used the term "women of the book" in my title because it is a convenient way to group these three monotheistic faiths. "Heart speaks to heart" is the famous saying of Cardinal John Henry Newman that, I believe, captures the essence of the kind of dialogue that often takes place between Jewish, Christian, and Muslim women. This article is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of all the dialogues between Jews, Catholics, and Muslims in Chicago. Rather, I will simply use broad strokes to describe some of the incredibly rich conversations that have been taking place here between "women of the book."


Silicon is the most interesting and useful semiconductor material in fabrication of numerous semiconductor devices. In semiconductor device fabrication, the various processing steps fall into four general categories i.e. deposition, removal, patterning and modification of electrical properties. In every step, wafer cleaning is the primary and principle step for developing semiconductor based electronic devices. Cleaning process is the removal of chemical and particle impurities without altering or damaging the wafer surface or substrate. Here in this paper, silicon wafer cleaning procedures has been reviewed in sort. Some basic concepts about clean room were also described in brief.


Background: Given that no comprehensive study was conducted regarding the effect of sodium chloride on the prevention of mucormycosis fungal infection in acute leukemia patients during treatment, this study aimed the investigating the effect of sodium chloride  on the prevention of mucormycosis fungal infection in acute lymphocytic leukemia patients during treatment.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on children with ALL who were undergoing chemotherapy in the induction phase and were susceptible to fungal and infectious diseases. Then 84 patients were randomly divided into the two groups. One group (n=46) received nasal drop containing sodium chloride (NORMONIX, 0.65%, three times a day) as the intervention group during treatment and another group did not receive sodium chloride (control group)(n=38). If the symptoms of mucormycosis was observed and detected (positive test), the injection of amphotrypsin B was started.
Results: In the current study, 84 patients entered the study.  The mean age of patients in the control group and the intervention group was 7.84±3.45, and 6.45±3.4 years, respectively (P>0.05). Positive mucormycosis was seen in 24 (63.2%) patients in the control group and 16 (34.78%) patients in the intervention group (P=0.01).
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the frequency of patients with positive mucormycosis in the NaCl group was significantly lower than the control group.  Therefore, it seems that NaCl drop can be effective regarding reducing the incidence of mucormycosis fungal infection and can decrease the need to amphotrypsin B, but further studies should be conducted in this regard.


A fabrication-tolerant polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on grating-assisted contradirectional couplers is experimentally demonstrated. Over 30-dB extinction ratios are achieved for both polarizations. Large fabrication tolerance in coupling length is also verified.


Saidil Imani, Islamic Behavior of Moslem students at State Senior High School 1 Kapuas Hilir Kapuas Regency, Thesis, Graduate Program of UIN Antasari Banjarmasin, 2017, Advisors (I) Prof. Dr. H. Kamrani Buseri, MA, and (II) Dr. Ridha Fadillah, M.Ed

Keywords: Behavior, Islam, Students, and Moslem

Islamic behavior is a visible behavior that can be a sign of a person whether he is a good Muslim or not. Schools have a great role in establishing good behavior towards their students. The formation of such behavior is certainly to prevent the distorted behavior formation. The distorted behaviors that often occur in school include truant, smoking, dating, drugs, not paying attention or talking when the teacher explains the material, disobeying school rules in dressing and other negative things. At State Senior High School 1 Kapuas Hilir in Kapuas regency in particular there are students who interfaith dating, dressed unkempt, and there are Moslem women who do not wear the hijab. This is due to there is no serious attention by the students to the advice given by the teacher.
This study aimes to explain and describe and also reveal the positive and negative things related to Islamic behavior focusing on how the Islamic behavior of Moslem students at State Senior High School Negeri 1 Kapuas Hilir Kapuas regency is?
This research is a type of ethnography research and using a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques are through interview and observation. Data analysis was performed with three steps, namely domain analysis, taxonomy analysis, and theme analysis.
The results of this study can be concluded, namely: 1) School uniforms used by some male students do not follow the applicable school rules, there are female students who wear long skirts and hijab, some female students wear long skirt without hijab, and some of them wear short skirt without hijab. 2) Mutual respect and tolerance between Moslem and non-Moslem students. 3) Interfaith dating of students. 4) The existence of Moslem women students who live in a family whose father is Moslem and his mother is Christian. 5) Students' behavior while studying at school: a) Some students pay less attention to teacher's explanation during Islamic religious lesson (PAI); b) All students pay attention to teacher's explanation during Mathematics subject.


This study presents a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of the air flow pattern and the temperature distribution in a refrigerated display cabinet. The thermal entrainment is evaluated by the variations of the mass flow rate and thermal power along and across the air curtain considering the numerical predictions of abovementioned properties. The evaluation on the ambient air velocity for the three-dimensional (3D) effects in the pattern of this type of turbulent air flow is obtained. Additionally, it is verified that the longitudinal air flow oscillations and the length extremity effects have a considerable influence in the overall thermal performance of the equipment. The non uniform distribution of the air temperature and velocity throughout the re-circulated air curtain determine the temperature differences in the linear display space and inside the food products, affecting the refrigeration power of display cabinets. The numerical predictions have been validated by comparison with experimental tests performed in accordance with the climatic class n.o 3 of EN 441 Standard (Tamb = 25 oC, φamb = 60%; vamb = 0,2 m s -1 ). These tests were conducted using the point measuring technique for the air temperature, air relative humidity and air velocity throughout the air curtain, the display area of conservation of food products and nearby the inlets/outlets of the air mass flow.


- Objectives and study : Human milk lipids are the major source of calories to support infant growth and are delivered under the very specific form of milk fat globules. These micronic droplets (3-5 µm) are based on an apolar core enclosing specifically structured triglycerides. The core is enveloped by a membrane of Milk Polar Lipids (MPL) and proteins. This specific structure is shared by many mammalian milk, including cow's milk. In comparison, infant formulas are submicronic emulsions of vegetable lipids optimized in terms of total fatty acids composition but not biomimetic of human milk structure which may impact their digestive behavior and kinetics of lipolysis. The reintroduction of some cow's milk lipid fractions (MPL or triglycerides) seems a clever approach to mimic human milk natural structure. And yet, very few infant formulas use milk lipids more expensive than vegetable lipids. To assess the benefits of such reintroduction, the structure, digestive behaviour and kinetics of lipolysis of commercial or model infant formulas with or without cow's MPL were determined using an in vitro dynamic model of neonatal digestion (DIDGI®) and compared with data obtained on human milks. - Methods : The dynamic digester parameters were based on an exhaustive literature review to mimic the digestion of a 1 month old term


An academic library is a spiritual home to support users in their pursuit of lifelong learning. This study approaches the issues from the visually impaired students' (VIPs) perspective towards librarians' support. This study was conducted by using the qualitative approach. Data was collected through interviews and focus group discussions. For trustworthiness of data, member checking and audit from experts are also used. The participants of the study remarked that the librarians' friendly behaviour provided them a sense of being accepted, valued, cared for, respected, and welcomed which fostered the creation of their sense of belonging.


Criminal History Enhancements, and the Enforcement of Release Conditions Review by: Richard S. Frase Federal Sentencing Reporter, Vol. 26, No. 3, Critical Issues in the Use of Risk Assessments, Prior Record Enhancements, and Probation/Parole Revocation (February 2014), pp. 145-157 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Vera Institute of Justice Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/fsr.2014.26.3.145 . Accessed: 23/04/2014 16:56


This paper discusses the position of science and technol ogy in Arab countries and identifies the problems and obstacles in the transfer of science and technology from the developed countries to the Arab countries. It discusses the reasons for these obstacles and proposes solutions, distin guishing the information role in science and technology trans fer and the role of a national plan for information services.


Extracapillary glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in a 51-year-old woman after 11 months of D-Penicillamine treatment given for systemic sclerosis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies specific for myeloperoxydase were detected. Penicillamine was stopped and the patient was treated with plasma exchanges, cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. The renal function progressively deteriorated leading to end stage requiring dialysis. Previous reports of extracapillary glomerulonephritis after D-penicillamine are analysed. Several cases with alveolar haemorrhage are consistent with the diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis.


Introduction: Despite being a high-risk event for morbidity and mortality, there is little consensus globally regarding the assessment and management of hospitalised exacerbations of COPD. Objectives: To find a consensus list of symptoms, physiological measures, clinical scores, patient questionnaires and investigations to be obtained at time of hospitalised COPD exacerbation and follow up. Methods: A modified online Delphi survey of importance, feasibility and suggested frequency on Likert scales was undertaken. Consensus and stability criteria were pre-defined. Results: 25 experts from 19 European countries participated. After completion of 2 rounds, consensus was achieved on 642 items (82%). Experts achieved consensus quickly on history and physical examination items. There was less consensus on other items. For example (see table 1), many scores and questionnaires were not considered essential in clinical practice. Experts could not agree on pulmonary function tests to perform routinely at time of hospitalisation nor the importance or frequency in which to perform echocardiography, CT scan and pulmonary function tests at follow-up. Experts could not agree on duration of treatment
 Conclusion: Despite being a major health burden, hospitalised COPD exacerbations are assessed and managed variably across Europe. Standardisation could impact clinical outcomes. Acknowledgements: This work was undertaken as part of the CICERO ERS clinical research collaborative.


This paper introduces the general framework of statistical information fusion on social network, which plays an important role on understanding the human interaction and cooperation in the society. On many existing information platforms on the social network, people's relationship affects their decision on both static and dynamic way. We consider the scenario that agents refer others decisions which are made earlier as an information for taking any action. Thus how agents on the information platform connect to each other has great impact on the information fusion. With the help of percolation theory, we provide a minimax robust decision scheme for information fusion due to often the lack of complete information of social network structure. The simulations demonstrate that our proposed information fusion rule retains fine performance compared with classical one on different network structures, and thus great potential for social network applications.


AbstractThe article describes in detail the six cantilever piers built for shipping iron ore in the final years of the nineteenth century in a small area of the Cantabrian coast of northern Spain. The ore loading systems used earlier in northern Spain are first considered, together with the particular topographical features of this section of the Cantabrian coast which made it expedient to adopt the technology of the cantilever pier rather than piled piers. The evolution of the original Belgian designs to suit this location is described and their adoption by a Spanish construction company discussed.


For multicomponent nonlinear systems the existence of a Lyapunov function in the form of linear combination of Lyapunov functions for artificial subsystems is proven. The latter have a clear physical meaning in technical applications. The obtained stability criterion is intended for separate analysis and design of each component. Examples are given.<<ETX>>


Objective To know the disinfection and sanitary conditions of some basic medical institutions in Sichuan Province and to propose the intervening measures in order to enhance the disinfection and sanitary quality of the basic medical institutions. Methods On-the-spot survey and sampling examination method were used to compare the conditions before and after implementing the intervening measures.Results The basic medical institutions lacked disinfection appliances, most of them did not have autoclave and did not install ultraviolet lamp, and the disinfection appliances were relatively backward. After implementing the intervening measures, the outfit of disinfection applicances and equipment was obviously improved, rate of equipping disinfectants was increased obviously, the high-level and intermediate-level disinfectants increased from 9.50% to 21.08%; sanitary eligible rate of disinfection of surfaces of objects in medical institutions attained 82.67%; eligibile rate of disinfection of hands of medical personnel was 88.29%; eligible rate of disinfection after implementing the intervening measures increased obviously. Rate of use of disposable medical products was 75.75%, distorting rate was was 24.75%, and they were essentially not disinfected after use. After implementing intervening measures, the rate of use of disposable medical products was increased to 96.00%, distorting rate after use was increased to 88.00% and rate of disinfection after use was 45.5%.Conclusion The equipment was backward and disinfection quality was poor in sanitary disinfection work of basic medical institutions of Sichuan Province. The conditions were improved after implementing intervening measures with improvement of disinfection quality, but further strengthening of administration is needed.


AnewCu (II) complexwith the bidentate ligand 4-amino-6-methoxypyrimidine (AMP), [Cu(AMP)(H2O)3]SO4, has been prepared and was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy andmagneticmeasurements. It crystallizes in the chiral orthorhombic space group P212121. In the complex, theCu(II) cation is penta-coordinated in adistorted trigonal bipyramidal fashion bytwo nitrogenatomsof two4-amino-6-methoxypyrimidineligands and three oxygen atoms of water molecules. In the molecular arrangement, each 4-amino-6-methoxypyrimidinemolecule is coordinated to twoCu(II) cations through its two aromatic nitrogen atoms to formuniformly spaced chains spreading along the b-direction of the crystal lattice. The sulfate anions are located between these chains, and linked to them via Ni€Hiƒ—iƒ—iƒ—O andOHiƒ—iƒ—iƒ—Ohydrogen bonds. Themagnetic susceptibility data of [Cu(AMP)(H2O)3]SO4shows an antiferromagneticinteractionofthemetallicmagneticmoments, through theCu(II) chains,with an exchange integral of -35.7 K.


The Chong'an-Shicheng structural belt is one of the important mineralization belts in northwestern Fujian Province.It is abundant in polymetal ore deposits including gold,silver,and stannum.Formed in the Caledonian movement,the belt was active in the Hercynian movement,the Indo China movement,the Yanshan movement,and so on.The characteristics of metallogensis of polymetal ore deposits in the belt vary in different movement stages,which corresponds with the change of compressional or tensional state of the structural belt in different movements.Based on a brief introduction of geological characteristics of the Chong'an-Shicheng structural belt,this paper focuses on the tectono geochemistry of the belt.Comparison is conducted between the tectono geochemistry of tectonites from compressional and tensional faults.It also discusses how the difference of tectono geochemistry of tectonites in different structural states is related to the difference of metallogensis.The reseach showes that gold metallization is main in compressional tectonites and silver metallization is main in tensional tectonites in Chong'an-Shicheng structural belt.


In recent years, science fiction is becoming reality. President Reagan has called for a continuously manned orbiting space station, a center for a vast number of scientific projects and possibly for factories manufacturing drugs, alloys, and semi-conductors. The cost of such a space station, pro jected to be assembled in the early 1990's, will be $8 billion or more. Presi dent Reagan's proposal has initiated a heated debate among the experts as to the wisdom of a manned space station. Those who support the idea re mind us of the miraculous opportunities space provides; those who do not, maintain that we do not need a manned space station to take advantage of these opportunities. I do not propose to enter into this debate, which I regard as primarily empirical and technological, rather than philosophical. Another issue, which I put to one side at the outset, is the relative value of space explora tion and development compared to other enterprises, such as feeding the hungry, finding a cure for cancer, and so forth. I put this to one side not because it is unimportant; on the contrary, it is of the greatest importance. However, space enthusiasts impatiently insist that we can solve all of these problems through the development of space technology. Their claim, then, is not that the exploration of space is intrinsically more valuable than the solving of other social problems, but that the best way to go about solving these problems is by spending money on industrial and commercial uses of space. I will therefore address this claim, and argue that such a view is naive. However, the central concern of this paper is not the factual mistakes that space enthusiasts may be making but, rather, a pervasive attitude in their writings about progress and the value of space. The attitude is one I will call, "instrumentalist," and it regards the value of everything, including space, as a function of usefulness. An opposing attitude, which I will call "intrinsicalist," regards the natural environment, including outer space, as having intrinsic value. I will argue that a purely instrumentalist outlook results in a warped view of the value of the natural world, and hence of what counts as progress. The prospects for the commercial and scientific uses of space are mind boggling. Although the "industrialization of space" has been going on for twenty years, including the use of various sorts of satellites to predict weather, plan land use, develop resources, estimate reserves of materials,


While there is much experience in monitoring processes with individual observations it is not clear which procedure is best. We compare individual observation control procedures that are combinations of the moving range (MR), exponentially weighted movi..


Objective To analyse the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the elderly.Methods The baseline survey for CVD risk factors was carried out in a elder officers population in Beijing.75g oral glucosed tolerance test was conducted,blood glucose,blood lipid were examined.Results The incidence rate of newly diagnosis DM was 5.87%.The total incidence rate of DM in the population was 29.43%.The incidence rate of IGT was 22.66%.The abnormal rates of triglyceride and high density lipoprotein in IGT patients were 29.01% and 35.80%,and 26.12%,37.89% separately in DM patients.The incidence rate of DM combined hypertension was 77.07%,The incidence rate of IGT combined hypertension was 68.52%.The success rate of blood pressure control of IGT combined hypertension was significant higher than that of DM combined hypertension(P0.01).Conclusion Oral glucose tolerance test can find DM and IGT patients early.By having intervened with lifestyle or medicine early can prevent from IGT to DM.


The rate of ionization of nitroethane and [1-2H2]nitroethane has been measured in solutions of sodium hydroxide in six aqueous solvents containing 0–58 mol % of dimethyl sulphoxide. The observed values of the kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD), together with previously published values for the ionization of several nitro-alkanes in aqueous solution, provide further evidence supporting the existence of an isotope effect maximum when the basicities of the substrate anion and the catalysing base are approximately equal (i.e.ΔpK=ca. 0). The results further indicate that the variation of kH/kD with ΔpK is at least qualitatively the same whether the variation in ΔpK results from the use of different substrates and bases or from the effects of solvent variation on a fixed substrate–base pair.


Film-forming corrosion inhibitors are complex mixtures of organic and inorganic molecules designed to adsorb onto metal or oxide surfaces in order to protect them from corrosion attacks.


Energy is one kind of important and basic resources for human life, economic development and social progress. It is also an important strategic material related to the nation's economy and economic security. With increasingly serious global warming, greenhouse effects and energy shortage problems, clean and renewable shallow geothermal energy resources have attracted much attention all over the world. By the end of 2010, 43 countries have developed and utilized such resources. Recently, development and utilization of new energy and renewable energy have made great progress in China. And the techniques of renewable energy utilization have acquired considerable achievements. In particular, the shallow geothermal energy development and utilization have stepped from an initial stage since the 1990s into a rapid development period. An incomplete statistics shows that the service area of the shallow geothermal energy in China reaches as great as 2×108m2 at present which has become the main force of building energy conservation. This paper summarizes the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy in China and elsewhere in the world, focusing on heat pump technology. It would be of significance for understanding the development trend as well as evaluation of shallow geothermal energy resources and engineering construction.


The agri-food industry is one of the most important sectors in the regions, due to its role in the supply of basic food and for the contribution that this activity has on national macroeconomic indicators. The food industry contributes with 14.5% to the national level of manufacturing industry. However, these positive aspects depend on the capacity of the productive system to generate synergies between actors for the aggregation of value, which depends largely on the integration of good agri-food practices. Rural extensionism is an element that eases technology transfer processes and it encourages the adoption of innovations and good practices by producers. In this matter, this research aims to analyze the recent Mexican extension system to identify good practices for technology transfer and agricultural innovation, which were integrated as part of the lessons learned during a project focused on extension knowledge exchange between Mexico and Argentina. This in order to generate recommendations to improve Mexican extension system performance considering following paths: 1) extensionism functionality; 2) innovation schemes; 3) organization and connection among actors; 4) public policies and institutional framework. A series of weaknesses on the Mexican extension system were identified such as unstable institutional environment and uncertainty for the development of extension activity and transfer of technology, as well as the lack of continuity in the extension services, mainly due to a mistaken funding annual planning based on year cycles and a short term policy view. Given this scenario, it is important to rescue good practices of extension, technology transfer and innovation in order to build local development actions by learning from international experiences.


Right dislocation refers to the phenomenon whereby a clause is followed by a tag which is co-referential with the preceding subject or object pronoun. The tag may be a full noun phrase (e.g. "They do have guns, police") or a pronoun (as in the example in the title). Whilst this feature is common in colloquial British English (Huddleston & Pullum 2002: 1408; Shorrocks 1999: 85, Wales 1996: 43), there has been little research into its distribution (the accounts given of this feature are all descriptive, rather than empirical) and only limited analysis of its function. Typically, the feature has been assigned an emphatic, clarifying or focusing function (Wales 1996: 43; Biber et al.1999: 957; Quirk et al. 1985: 1362). In this paper, we use data from two independent ethnographic studies to explore the context-specific functions of this feature. We begin by outlining the datasets and the distributions of different types of tag. We then assess the function of right dislocation by considering the social work achieved through its use. Whilst our findings will not dispute that right dislocation can have emphatic, clarifying or focusing functions, our qualitative analysis will suggests that constructions which have a pronoun tag can fulfil interpersonal functions which go beyond emphatic expression of referential meaning. Finally, we combine our distributional and qualitative analyses to explore the possibility that certain right dislocated tags are used to construct interpersonal stances that are specific to certain communities. In this way, our work will not only demonstrate the manner in which right dislocation functions, it will also suggest that different social groups use different linguistic features to engage in different forms of social interaction.


The orchid flower is an ornamental plant that has a lot of interest. For orchid cultivation, there are many things that need to be monitored, including the watering process. Referring to this, an Internet of Things (IoT) -based orchid watering device was made which uses Arduino as a microcontroller, the yl-69 sensor as a soil moisture reader, the DHT11 sensor as a temperature reader, the float swith sensor as an automatic reservoir and an omron timer as a timer for administration. vitamin. All data read by the sensor is sent to the Thingspeak webserver and forwarded to the MIT App Invertor application installed on the smartphone. This tool is made to make it easier for a cultivator to monitor watering plants remotely via an application on a smartphone. After taking data for about two weeks, the sensor readings were obtained, including the yl-69 sensor in wet conditions which has a standard deviation of 0.89 and dry conditions 1.18, the DHT11 sensor has a standard deviation of 0.4 for temperature. For the development of orchid plants, it shows quite good results, it is shown from the stems and leaves of the plants that begin to elongate and grow thick.


Approximately 1 in 33 babies born in the United States (U.S.) with birth defects accounts for 20-30% of all deaths among neonates. In New York State, 1 out of every 20 children is born with a major malformation [1]. Birth defects are responsible for the majority of the morbidity and mortality rates, irrespective of weight and gestational age. They are detected during the antenatal period; intrapartum; and soon after birth, during the perinatal period. Causes of most birth defects are unknown. We did a retrospective chart review over a 10 year period identifying various anomalies, classifying them as major or minor anomalies, and looking for any clustering of defects in an urban community hospital.


It well known that fracture networks display self-similarity in many cases and the connectivity and flow behavior of such networks are influenced by their respective fractal dimensions. One of the authors have previously implemented the concept of lacunarity, a parameter that quantifies spatial clustering, to demonstrate that a set of 7 nested natural fracture maps belonging to a single fractal system, but different visual appearances have different clustering attributes. Any scale-dependency in the clustering of fractures will also likely have significant implications for flow processes that depend upon fracture connectivity. It is therefore important to address the question as to whether the fractal dimension serves as a reasonable proxy  for the connectivity of a fractal-fracture network or is it the lacunarity parameter that may be used instead. The present study attempts to address this issue by studying the clustering behavior (lacunarity) and connectivity of fractal-fracture patterns. We compare the set of 7 nested fracture maps mentioned earlier which belong to a single fractal system, in terms of their lacunarity and connectivity values. The results indicate that while the maps that have the same fractal dimension have almost similar connectivity values, there exist subtle differences such that both the connectivity and clustering change systematically with the scale at which the networks are mapped. It is further noted that there appears to be an exact correlation between clustering and connectivity values. Therefore, it may be concluded that rather than fractal dimension, it is the lacunarity or scale-dependent clustering attribute that control connectivity in fracture networks.


Field experimental research of the effectiveness of single-circuit active shielding system of magnetic field generated by group of overhead high voltage power lines with various control algorithms carried out. It is shown that the efficiency of closed-loop system with feedback control, open-loop system with forward control and combine closed-loop and open-loop system with feed forward control is approximately the same and is more than 4 units. Experimentally established that effectiveness of closed-loop system with feedback control depends on the location of the magnetic field sensors in the shielding zone. Comparison of the results of experimental and calculated values of magnetic field induction in the shielding zone shows that their spread does not exceed 20%.


Rice is the staple food crop for millions not only in the country but in whole world. For the public health and safety against the hazards due to metal toxicity, it is important that the content of toxic heavy metals in rice is monitored. The analysis of volatile and nonvolatile metals (As, Pb and Cd) and their concentration in the grain, husk of rice (Oryza sativa) were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The non-volatile metals lead (Pb and Cd) ranged from 0.22 - 0.92 and 0.62 - 4.80 μg/g in paddy and husk, respectively. Cadmium (Cd) ranged from 0.007 - 0.190 and 0.016 – 0.070 μg/g in paddy and husk, respectively. While, the volatile toxic heavy metal arsenic (As) varied from not detected to 0.13 μg/g and 0.01 to 0.42 μg/g, respectively in the same. From the study, the inference is drawn that soil is the major but not the only source of metal accumulation in the plants. Different rice cultivars as such showed no preference for absorption of metals volatile or non - volatile