Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular symbiotic bacterium. It belongs to the order Rickettsiales and is known to infect numerous species of arthropods and nematodes. The bacterium is known to manipulate the reproduction of its insect hosts via cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, male-killing, or feminization [8, 18, 30, 31]. Wolbachia species are classified into 11 (A–K) supergroups [22] based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) typing [2]. The standard MLST system for Wolbachia determines a sequence type (ST) based on the combination of alleles for five conserved housekeeping genes (ftsZ, gatB, coxA, hcpA, and fbpA). The WSP typing system determines STs using four hypervariable regions (HVRs) of WSP: HVR1 (aa 52 to 84), HVR2 (85 to 134), HVR3 (135 to 185), and HVR4 (186 to 222) [1]. A host can be infected with a single strain of Wolbachia, or multiple strains, as has been observed in a wide range of insects [13, 20, 21]. Classical MLST can be used for the universal characterization of Wolbachia, but its application is currently limited to hosts infected with a single strain of Wolbachia [2]. To assess the diversity of Wolbachia in insects infected with multiple strains, sequencing of the wsp gene is generally conducted [32]. Amplification of ST-specific regions is also used, but this method has limited application because the design of specific primers is only possible after a strain's sequence is known. Improved methods for determining STs in insects infected with multiple strains would contribute to understanding Wolbachia diversity. Received: March 26, 2015 Revised: June 29, 2015 Accepted: July 1, 2015


Background: Entry of enveloped viruses into host cells requires the activation of viral envelope glycoproteins through cleavage by either intracellular or extracellular proteases. In order to gain insight into the molecular basis of protease cleavage and its impact on the efficiency of viral entry, we investigated the susceptibility of a recombinant native full-length S-protein trimer (triSpike) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) to cleavage by various airway proteases. Methodology/Principal Findings: Purified triSpike proteins were readily cleaved in vitro by three different airway proteases: trypsin, plasmin and TMPRSS11a. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and amino acid sequencing analyses identified two arginine residues (R667 and R797) as potential protease cleavage site(s). The effect of protease-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV infection was demonstrated with ACE2 expressing human bronchial epithelial cells 16HBE. Airway proteases regulate the infectivity of SARS-CoV in a fashion dependent on previous receptor binding. The role of arginine residues was further shown with mutant constructs (R667A, R797A or R797AR667A). Mutation of R667 or R797 did not affect the expression of S-protein but resulted in a differential efficacy of pseudotyping into SARS-CoVpp. The R667A SARS-CoVpp mutant exhibited a lack of virus entry enhancement following protease treatment. Conclusions/Significance: These results suggest that SARS S-protein is susceptible to airway protease cleavage and, furthermore, that protease mediated enhancement of virus entry depends on specific conformation of SARS S-protein upon ACE2 binding. These data have direct implications for the cell entry mechanism of SARS-CoV along the respiratory system and, furthermore expand the possibility of identifying potential therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV. Citation: Kam Y-W, Okumura Y, Kido H, Ng LFP, Bruzzone R, et al. (2009) Cleavage of the SARS Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein by Airway Proteases Enhances Virus Entry into Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells In Vitro. PLoS ONE 4(11): e7870. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007870 Editor: Georges Snounou, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France Received August 2, 2009; Accepted October 21, 2009; Published November 17, 2009 Copyright: 2009 Kam et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The work was supported by an intramural grant from HKU, by the French Ministry of Health through the RESPARI project of the International Network of Pasteur Institutes and by NEDO International Joint Research Grant Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: Dr Lisa F. P. NG is a PLoS ONE Academic editor * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


When high thermal comfort and energy efficiency are provided in an academic environment many beneficial effects on student's comfort, performance, productivity, and health are shown. The research provides a parametric airflow evaluation of a skylight in a ground floor of new educational building assuming a variation of 4 stages with eight scenarios for the admissions office. By means of the bioclimatic analysis, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) indices, the best internal airflow performance for the study area applying natural ventilation is achieved with the air flow optimization. A minimum area of 1.79 m has been established for extraction and movement of the internal flow, both with the natural extraction louvers system measuring 12 inches by 60 inches and the 18 inches by 60 inches, they work properly. However, the 18 inches by 60 inches system has better effectiveness as it has fewer louver units to be placed, is more homogeneous, avoids turbulence and provides better air extraction. In addition, by having fewer louver units distributed along the length of the skylight, it will allow the operation to be more controlled during the operation of the building. The use of 8 louvers of those proportions, with an individual effective area of 0.23 m and a total of 1.84 m was recommended in accordance with the results obtained.


This paper introduced the status quo of laws and regulations of sustainable construction in China and investigated the existing problems of current laws and regulations through person-interviews in Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing and Shenzhen in China. The problems include incomplete legal system, lack of guidance of higher-level laws, backward in some laws and regulations, unclear legal liability and poor law enforcement. Aimed at these problems, this paper also put forward some improvement approaches, such as filling the legal gap, revising laws and regulations, establishing incentive system and keeping pace with level of development.


D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) catalyzes the oxidation of D-amino acids including d-serine, a full agonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor. A series of benzo[ d]isoxazol-3-ol derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as DAAO inhibitors. Among them, 5-chloro-benzo[ d]isoxazol-3-ol (CBIO) potently inhibited DAAO with an IC50 in the submicromolar range. Oral administration of CBIO in conjunction with d-serine enhanced the plasma and brain levels of d-serine in rats compared to the oral administration of d-serine alone.


nPHE " affiliated group " 1 of corporations reporting taxable income or excess profits on a consolidated return has long been a hybrid in the Federal tax system. Never completely accepted as a single tax entity, this type of intercorporate association has been recognized to the extent of being permitted to file a consolidated return provided all member corporations subscribe in advance to regulations designed to restrict rigidly any windfalls or double deductions arising out of switching in and out of the consolidated accounting basis. Since 1934, exercise of the privilege of filing a consolidated return has been conditional on an increase in the applicable surtax rate by 2 -percentage points, except for Western Hemisphere trade corporations. Under section 1503 (a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, the 2 -per cent addition has also been waived with respect to regulated public utility corporations.2 The additional tax for the privilege of filing consolidated returns has evoked continuous protests from businessmen and accountants since its imposition under the Revenue Act of 1932 and, in particular, ever since the 2 -per cent rate was adopted under the Revenue Act of 1934. Hopes for the repeal of the tax were raised when, in his tax message of January 21, 1954, the President specifically recommended its elimination as a " penalty tax." But the bill reported by the Ways and Means Committee, H.R. 8300 (the Internal Revenue Code of 1954) continued the special tax on affiliated groups with the two exceptions mentioned.


Art has no frontiers, but when the art in question is literature, it is more the language itself that limits that art's diffusion and consequent appreciation. The translation of literature from other cultures, and especially from cultures that in earlier times were labeled exotic or alien to one's own, has assumed greater relevance in our era. This essay explores poetry and other Korean cultural artifacts, some ancient and others contemporary, as a means of identifying both touchstones for and obstacles to cross-cultural communication.
Keywords: Literary translation, Moon-Chung-Hee, Spanish poetry, postcolonial societies, cross-cultural comunnication.


Multiple scattering and random interactions among scattering elements and between the scatterers and the background adversely affect the radar image quality and target detection capability. In the radar image, multiple scattering and interactions appear as non-physical scattering centers. A method to improve the performance of radar imaging systems by extracting independent scattering centers is investigated in this study. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is applied to returns of a radar system to extract independent scattering centers based on their non-Gaussianity. As an example, this method of target extraction is implemented in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of closely-spaced targets. Results of this study show that the application of this radar signal processing technique has allowed extraction of independent scattering centers which are needed in target detection and identification.


To the Editor . —I read with interest the recent report by Carmel 1 and the accompanying editorial by Herbert 2 addressing the likely underestimated occurrence of clinically significant cobalamin deficiency. This occurs even in the presence of only mildly depressed serum cobalamin levels, normal or low mean corpuscular volumes, and normal hemoglobin levels. Another piece of information that would have been interesting to know in this series is the red blood cell volume distribution width. The red blood cell volume distribution width is the SD of the mean corpuscular volume of the red blood cell population in question divided by the mean corpuscular volume and expressed as a percentage. 3 Higher values reflect more heterogeneous (anisocytotic) populations of cells. Patients with anemia due to cobalamin deficiencies alone can be expected to have high mean corpuscular volume levels with high red blood cell volume distribution widths, and patients with mixed iron


[Objective] The research aimed to screen out some Chinese herbal additives that could promote the growth of porcupine and prevent the diseases.[Method] According to the physiological characteristics and incidence characteristics of porcupine,based on the feeding standards of similar animals and local resources,feeding experiment with different Chinese herbal additives was conducted to study the disease prevention and growth-promoting effects of porcupine.[Result] In experiment group I,the average daily gain increased by 49.2%,feed-gain ratio decreased by 19.31%,economic benefits improved by 71.8% and disease prevention rate was 100%.In experiment group II,the average daily gain increased by 30.26%,feed-gain ratio decreased by 11.11%,the economic effects increased by 70.3% and disease prevention rate was 89.9%.[Conclusion] The effect of Chinese herbal additive in experiment group I was the best.


The large increase of pile-up interactions is one of the main experimental challenges for the HL-LHC physics program. A powerful new way to mitigate the effects of pile-up is to use high-precision timing information to distinguish between collisions occurring close in space but well-separated in time. A High-Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) , based on low-gain avalanche detector (LGAD) technology, is proposed for the ATLAS Phase-II upgrade.LGAD is innovative silicon sensors optimised for timing measurements based on the Low-Gain Avalanche Diode design. Using this technology, the time resolution per track for a minimum-ionising particle can reach 50 ps on average at the end of HL-LHC operation. LGAD also attracted for fast response for realizing a 4D tracker in future experiment and for possible other applications. This talk will show beam test results and measurements of irradiated LGAD sensors, such as timing resolution, efficiency and collected charge. It will also cover a variety of strategies to improve its radiation hardness. Sensor/ASICs technology / 14 Hybridization of the Planar Pixel Modules for ATLAS ITK upgrade Author: Koji Nakamura1 1 High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (JP) Corresponding Author: firstname.lastname@example.com In the development of pixel detectors for the HL-LHC ATLAS Inner Tracking Detector upgrade (ITk), thin and finer granularity pitch planar pixel detector has been developed by HPK/KEK and is ready for the production. The hybridization optimization was started using the FE-I4 ASIC (250um x 50um pitch) for the current ATLAS pixel detector. Recently a half size but final pitch readout ASIC, RD53A (50um x 50um pitch),


Studies comparing the relative effectiveness of different orientations to second language acquisition have obtained contradictory results. In the present study, these contradictions are traced to ambiguities pertaining to the definition of orientations and to the influence of the milieu on the acquisition process. This study assessed the influence of ethnicity (French vs. English), milieu (unicultural vs. multicultural). and target second language (French or English vs. Spanish) on the emergence of orientations. The subjects were 871 grade I 1 students distributed in eight groups obtained by permutations of the above t h m factors. The ratings given to 37 reasons for learning the target language were factor analyzed separately for each sample, thus generating eight six-factor structures. The 48 factors were then correlated and factor analyzed in order to delineate clusters of orientations which would be common to all samples or to subsets of the samples. The results show that instrumental, friendship, travel, and knowledge orientations were common to all groups, while five orientations resulted from specific combinations of ethnicity and target language, on the one hand, and milieu, on the other hand. These results arediscussed with respect to the influence of the learning context on orientations and in terms of their implications for further studies.


In order to reduce reflection losses at the surface of glass optical components, we have developed a plasma-etching fabrication method in which a CaF2 mask is self-assembled on the glass surface, generating nanostructures of around 100 nm in size, fabricated with an approximate etching rate of 10 nm per minute, and with controllable height, depending on the process time. By treating glasses with different compositions, it was found that the nanostructures can be successfully fabricated in a glass composed mainly of SiO2, but with 10% CaO content. In addition to the high aspect ratio and tapered geometry of the nanostructures, through cross-section composition analysis, graded Si and O compositions were also found within the nanostructures. The combined contribution of the geometrical and graded composition effects resulted in broadband 96% and over 99% transmittance on one-side and both-side treated glass substrates, respectively.


Software pipelining can significantly increase the execution rate of loops. Each of the four major software pipelining algorithms takes a different approach to software pipelining. This paper discusses each method and explores some of the similarities and differences among the methods. On loops consisting of a single basic block, the perfect pipelining algorithm is the only software pipelining algorithm that currently achieves time optimality, in the absence of resource constraints. A technique for unrolling the loop before pipelining is presented as an improvement to software pipelining, as it can allow Lam's algorithm to achieve time optimality for these restricted loops. Unrolling has an advantage over perfect pipelining because it can reduce the code space required for the software pipeline.<<ETX>>


A nanometer-level optical path-length control experiment for a large baseline space interferometer has been implemented on the JPL Phase B testbed. The experiment consisted of a multilayer control of active structural control to augment structural damping and active path-length control to directly compensate for optical path-length variation. The approach has been successful in maintaining the optical path-length variation within 3 nm root-mean-square (RMS) under the laboratory ambient disturbance.<<ETX>>


The method comprises: according to the group information saved in the terminal side the communication terminal generates a random number and a terminal side check sum, and sends them to the network side; according to the received random number, terminal side check sum and the group information saved in network side, the network side decides whether or not to initiate a group information renew in order to keep the group information of terminal side synchronous with the one of network side.


The usual Biberman-Holstein theory of resonant-radiation transfer is valid only when the reradiating center "forgets," after absorbing the radiation quantum, everything but the fact that it is excited. This is possible if the center interacts strongly with the "thermostat." In a number of cases, for example for resonant phonons in ruby, this is not the case. It is also possible to formulate an alternative transfer theory, and this theory is developed in this paper.


This paper describes a convenient synthetic procedure for nucleoside mimics, 1-6, in which the 3',5'-hydroxy groups of natural 2'-deoxythymidine or 2'-deoxyadenosine are replaced by thiol, amine, or alkylthiol groups. Such nucleosides would be built up into a single DNA strand with cooperative participation of metal coordination, where internucleoside linkages are replaced by metal complexation motifs. The X-ray crystal structure and complexation behaviors of 3',5'-dithiothymidine, 1, with Au(I) are also reported.


The present invention relates to a numerical control system a distributed open architecture, comprising: a first industrial PC for inputting the NC program and the PLC program, edit, display and management of the program, and the NC program after editing system PLC generating and transmitting the PLC ladder or C language program; second industrial PC, via an Ethernet connection to the host computer, the decoding process for the NC machining program, tool offset, processing speed, interpolation and position control process and receiving a PLC ladder or a C language program; multi-function interface board, the lower connections, for operating the PLC ladder or C language programs, digital input / output, and analog, digital or pulse signal transmission. The present invention provides a distributed open numerical control system architecture, hardware system such that installation flexibility, reasonable allocation of software functions, easier to meet the requirements of openness.


Percentage share of Renewable based power generation has considerably increased in past few years and is expected to rise further. With population rise, per-capita energy consumption is also increasing day by day. Both, rise in demand and integration of Renewable Energy Sources at various locations in the transmission network, pushes the network to operate at or near to its maximum limits; which causes many issues in the power transmission network. One such major issue is Congestion of transmission lines. This paper presents Voltage Stability Margin (VSM) based Congestion Management in presence of Wind and Hydro power plants. It includes (i) VSM sensitivity based congestion cost calculation with & without Wind participation in congestion management, (ii) Impact of location, number of congested lines and secure bilateral transactions on congestion cost. Analysis has been carried out on Modified 24 bus RTS system.


Grammar is important in the English language teaching.However,in China,grammar teaching emphasizes linguistic form rather than its meaning and communication.MMII program schema is based on Cognitive Approach, Learning Hierarchy,and MMC Drills,including Mechanical Drills,Meaningful Drills,Interactive Activities and Integrative Tasks.It gives prominence to the cultivation of learners' language proficiency in the authentic context.The application of this program,shed light on teachers' grammar teaching.


Walsh (1974) noted that Rodewald and Carroll (1974) were beginning a long-term project on scaling students' attitudes toward their professors. He then reported: "They administered eight items to 169 student Ss at Central Michigan University in order to evaluate attitudes toward faculty members' over-all teaching performance." The project had not progressed to that stage. The authors presented the icems as paired-comparison stimuli and ". . . asked the students to select from each pair the one they considered more important in an ideal professor." N o individual faculty member was involved. Further, Walsh reports: "The items were scaled by means of the paired-comparisons procedure." Of course, this is inaccurate. Paired-comparison presentations only generate a set of choice data. It is quite another matter whether such data can be represented as a numerical scale where the numerical assignments can be treated in the usual manner of number. While applications of paired-comparison presentations in psychophysical research typically lead to the construction of a scale, two separate steps are actually involved. The scaling step is supported by transitivity in the observed choice behavior of Ss. Transitivity is important for common scaling procedures, but paired-comparison presentation of stimuli is indifferent to transitivity of choice. Transitivity is defined in the original report. Walsh's concern about the consistency of the results obtained with those he would have expected based on factor-analytic work seems odd. His comments and bibliography may aid the interpretation of the observed failure of transitivity. It is indeed fortunate that rather different research approaches can lead to mucually supportive results. Walsh's criticism of the presentation of the data in the report probably can be directed with equal force co any brief, research-in-progress note. The consistent failure to obtain transitive choice data should be recorded.


The temperature dependence of the s p a t i a l order or s t r u c t u r e fac tor of a system of i n t e r a c t i n g 'bosons? at very low temperatures lias t een s tudied theoretically. It is found that for a given value of k the structure factor S(k) increases as the temperature is decreased. But for a given value of rhs temperature T, S(k) decreases as k increases. S(k) remains positive as long S3 the system has only one type of excitations, say phonons or rotons or si:;y other type of excitation. S(k) becomes n&gativs for those k values which may correspond to the existence of irdxed sxcitatic-r.s in the system, say a. mixture of phonons and rotons. TRIESTE July ig8';. * To b; submitted 'or -~'/>lic:±tloi\. ** Permanent addres:.: . Lijpiirt zr ent o:' : Foundry and Forge Technolcey, Hz-I . INTRODUCTION The temperature dependence of the spatial order or correlations in liquid He shows a peculiar behaviour in the vicinity of T . When the fluid is heated at constant density from below T,, the short range order increases. A This peculiar temperature dependence ends near T, and with a further increase the temperature the behaviour becomes normal, i.e., the short range order decreases. This behaviour of the structure factor S(k) of He vas observed by Gordon et al,[l]. Recent measurements [2,3,M show that as liquid helium is cooled towards T , the spatial order shovs a gradual increase as may be A expected due to the decrease in thermal order. Further cooling from the vicinity of T. reveals a decrease in spati&l order. A very recent experiment [5] of the temperature dependence of the spatial order or structure In He at several fixed densities yields a surprising result that relative changes in spatial order are remarkably insensitive to the density. The decrease in spatial order with a decrease in temperature has been explained from two different points of view. One idea admits the phenomena as a consequence of the existence of a Bose-Einstein condensation k k in He . Consequently if on cooling, a definite fraction of He atoms condense into a macroscopic state of a definite momentum, then these atoms become spatially delocalised and hence the overall spatial order must decrease. Thus the decrease in the observed spatial order is due to the growth of a finite condensate fraction n with the decrease in temperature. Another view point is the one advanced by Reatto et al.[6,7,81 who argue that the increase in (spatial order) spatial structure seen on warming He from below ia due to the increasing population of thermal rotons and directly related to questions of a condensate fraction in the liquid. The physical picture is that the rotons have short-and-intermediate range correlations among the atoms which make it up. Thua an increase in the awiifiof rotons with increase in temperature results in an increase in the observed spatial order in the helium. This effect should persist for temperatures well above T , but the effects of finite roton lifetime wash \ i t out. These two different point3 of view result in very different predictions for the temperature evolution of the spatial order as a function of density, ./ut the cxr>ori:7i<mtai work of Wirth et al . [5i shows clearly that vN:temperatv--TM dependent changes in spatial order at fixed density do not •S-2Lrr_'!i3? vî i-i an Increis^ In density. Esther they observe that the relative changes in spatial order remain essentially independent of f.hangea in density. There is a shift with T,, hut no change as a function of T/l,. Ultimately once again, we come to the conclusion ,.hat liquid helium behaves in :.. nanner which ia more complex than previously considered. New theoretical work is required to explain why the condensate is not suppressed by an increase in density. It ie likely that the changes in the spatial order as a function of density expected flue to Bose'-Einsteln condensation and the ones due to the thermal population of the rotons nearly cancel out. Thus we must try to explain that the spatial order decreases at temperatures below T, , and increases at temperatures above T . In this manuscript we have calculated the structure factor of a system of bosons interacting via a pair potential composed of a hard core followed by a square veil. The method of calculationfithat if we know the structure factor S (k) of a system of hard spheres, we can write the structure factor, S(k)jOf a system of bosons interacting through a hard core followed by a square well, in terms of S (k). We could thus obtain a temperature dependent expression for S(k) in terms of S (k); variation of hard core with temperature, i.e., ( 3a/9T) , and ,i . The results have been interpreted and compared with the experimental results known till this day. II. THEORETICAL DERIVATIONS If S (k) is the structure factor of a system of hard spheres, and S(k) is the structure factor of a system of bosons Interacting via a pair potential composed of a hard-core followed by a square well, then we can


A major trend in global trade in forest, animal, and agricultural products is the implementation of importation policies and development of private sector standards and certification mechanisms to promote the sustainable management of natural resources in the countries of origin. In many cases, ensuring sustainable origins involves requirements that small-scale rural producers and fishers cannot meet. This article investigates the formalization of community-based floodplain fisheries in the Brazilian Amazon, including (a) the development of federal and state fisheries management policies, (b) the parallel development of community management systems, and (c) the role of these processes in the evolution of fisheries management in the Lower Amazon region. We argue here that market-oriented solutions, such as third-party certification, are insufficient. Government support for and collaboration with producers and industry are essential to creating conditions that enable fishing communities to sustainably manage their fisheries.


Mice were i.v. immunized with various 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐carrier conjugates, and the development and localization of specific (i.e. anti‐TNP) antibody‐forming cells (AFC) in the spleen was studied. The nature of the carrier used, thymus dependent (TD) or thymus independent type 1 or type 2 (TI‐1, TI‐2), had marked effects on the number and time of appearance of AFC. However, no influence of the different carriers on the localization of specific AFC in the spleen was observed. By using a double immunocytochemical technique we could simultaneously determine specificity (anti‐TNP) and isotype (class and subclass) of the AFC. The TNP‐carrier conjugates evoked (intracellular) immunoglobulins with carrier‐characteristic isotype distribution. No carrier‐dependent localization pattern, in the lymphoid compartments of the spleen, of these AFC was found. These results show for the first time the actual in situ effects of various TI and TD carriers on the development of specific AFC. Based on the present findings, no direct evidence for a special role of the marginal zone in the immune response against TI‐2 antigens could be demonstrated. We suggest that this new method for in vivo investigation, in combination with existing standard enzyme‐ and immunohistochemical techniques, can provide more insight into the precise role of lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells in TD and TI immune responses.


The invention provides an expansible budget control device. The expansible budget control device comprises a data source receipt presetting unit, a control cardinal number scheme setting unit, a control cardinal number scheme selecting unit and a control cardinal number acquiring unit. The data source receipt presetting unit presets expansible data source receipt information and data source receipt field mapping, the control cardinal number scheme setting unit newly adds one or more control cardinal number schemes and sets data sources and control conditions of the corresponding control cardinal number schemes, the control cardinal number scheme selecting unit selects the control cardinal number schemes to be used in budget projects in controls rules of the various budget projects set by users, and the control cardinal number acquiring unit acquires field names of accounting book files on data source receipts and acquires control cardinal numbers according to the field names, the data sources and the control conditions. The invention further provides an expansible budget control method. According to the technical scheme, on the basis of existing budget control ways, budget control involving many data sources can be completed by sufficiently utilizing the data source control cardinal numbers, and a universal and uniform control concept of budget control with different control cardinal numbers is established.


To study the moisture transmitting property of the microporous polyester staple fiber fabric,four kinds of fabrics were made with low stretch polyester interlaced yarn of 165 dtex/48 f as warp and spandex wrapped microporous polyester staple yarn of 14.76 tex×2 as weft differing in plain or twill and with or without hydrophilic treatment.And it was found through comparison that with respect to moisture absorption,the plain weave fabric is better than the twill,and there is not much difference between the hydrophilic treated and untreated;the microporous polyester staple fiber fabric itself has a good moisture transmitting ability with no need of hydrophilic treatment.It is proposed that the initial wicking rate be used to characterize the moisture transmitting ability of the fabric.


The article presents the infrared measurement techniques for analyzing and monitoring the dynamic state of the structure using advanced thermal imaging techniques. The article present an overview of the infrared measurement techniques and algorithms proposed research design based on the selected infrared measurement techniques. The article presents the results of a series of studies on the possibility of applying the vibrothermography methods in SHM systems. In particular it focuses on the analysis of the possibility of studying the dynamics of the rotor and the detection of its failures during operation. The results of vibrothermography studies of impeller made of plastic are presented. The results of studies based on algorithms developed by the authors. The article also presents the concept of the use of thermal imaging research in fault detection and monitoring of the dynamic state of real objects.


The success of any consultation depends on how well the patient and doctor communicate with each other. There is now firm evidence linking the quality of this communication to clinical outcomes.

The dual focus—Patients are not exclusively physically ill or exclusively emotionally distressed. Often they are both. At the start of a consultation it is usually not possible to distinguish between these states. It is the doctor's task to listen actively to the patient's story, seeking and noticing evidence for both physical illness and emotional distress.

Involving patients—Changes in society and health care in the past decade have resulted in real changes in what people expect from their doctors and in how doctors view patients. In addition, greater emphasis has been placed on the reduction of risk factors, with attempts to persuade people to take preventive action and avoid risks to health. Many patients want more information than they are given. They also want to take some part in deciding about their treatment in the light of its chances of success and any side effects. Some patients, of course, do not wish to participate in decision making; they would prefer their doctor to decide on a single course of action and to advise them accordingly. The skill lies in achieving the correct balance for each patient.

Three functions of the medical consultation
1 Build the relationship
• Greet the patient warmly and by name •  Active listening
• Detect and respond to emotional issues

2 Collect data
• Do not interrupt patient •  Consider other factors
• Elicit patient's explanatory model •  Develop shared understanding

3 Agree a management plan
• Provide information •  Make links
• Appropriate use of reassurance •  Negotiate behaviour change
• Negotiate a management plan

A comprehensive model—The "three function" model for the medical encounter provides a template for the parallel functions of the clinical interview. This is now widely used in medical schools.


Research into the development of chronic bronchitis has been carried out during the past 10 years along three main lines. First, formulation and refinement of definitions of the terms used in studying the disease ; secondly, detailed investigation of the anatomical and functional phenomena at various stages of the condition as defined ; thirdly, epidemiological and experimental study of the influence of environmental and other factors in its development. The second line of enquiry, morbid anatomical and functional investigations, will mot be mentioned further in this article, as it is fully described by Dr. Lynne Reid elsewhere in this number (p. 409) . Most of l'l1e epidemiological and experimental studies have been done in Great Britain and this description is restricted to the British work.


The importance of the stratum corneum is readily overlooked in histological preparations of normal skin. The normal corneal layer consists of more than 20 layers of bland, lightlystaining, polyhedral, anucleate cells, most of which are lost during biopsy sampling, cutting, and processing. The large surface area of the skin puts it in constant contact with environmental pollutants, irritants, and allergens and the stratum corneum layer of skin forms the major protective barrier between the body and the environment. In human medicine, abnormalities in the barrier function of the stratum corneum have been hypothesized to permit epicutaneous allergen exposure in atopic and asthmatic patients. Furthermore, these alterations may, in part, help to explain the dramatic increase in atopic and asthmatic disorders in humans living in industrialized nations during the past few decades. In the domestic animal population, the stratum corneum has had limited scientific investigation and most studies have been performed in dogs. Morphologically, many types of injury can produce various and often similar corneal changes. Specific histopathologic changes are paramount in the diagnosis of a number of hereditary and metabolic disorders including zinc responsive dermatosis, necrolytic migratory erythema, and ichthyosiform disorders. In canine atopic dermatitis, the stratum corneum has been shown to have ultrastructural features that differ from those of normal dogs. The focus of research on the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis has dramatically shifted over the past two decades from that of an aeroallergen approach to epicutaneous contact via patch testing.


The response of a polydisperse linear low‐density polyethylene to imposed step shear strains up to strains of 10 were measured. The measured stress is approximately factorable into a product of a time‐dependent term, which is just the linear relaxation modulus, and a strain‐dependent term, the damping function. The damping function can be fit by a simple analytic function derived from a molecular theory with a single ad hoc parameter ξ′; a larger value of ξ′ corresponds to more softening of the nonlinear modulus. A tabulation of ξ′ values from fits to experimental shear damping functions given here and published elsewhere indicates that ξ′ is decreased both by polydispersity and by long chain branching.


Introduction: Chondrules and coarse-grained components in carbonaceous chondrites are commonly surrounded by fine-grained rims. The origin of fine-grained rims has been controversial. The origin has mainly been attributed to either pre-accretionary formation [e.g. 1, 2] or parent-body formation [e.g. 3‒5]. Tagish Lake is an ungrouped type 2 carbonaceous chondrite that consists of two major lithologies: carbonate-rich and carbonate-poor [6]. One of the remarkable characteristics of this meteorite is that most chondrules and coarse-grained components are surrounded by thick, fine-grained rims. By studying the carbonate-rich lithology, Nakamura et al. [7] suggested that the rims were formed during brecciation on the parent body (or bodies). In contrast, by studying the carbonate-poor lithology, Greshake et al. [8] concluded that formation of the rims by accretion in the solar nebula most convincingly accounts for their observations. We present the results of petrographic and mineralogical study of the carbonate-poor lithology of the Tagish Lake meteorite. We studied two polished thin sections (total area of 114 mm 2 ) of the meteorite using SEM-EDS and EPMA. Our goal is to find any evidence indicating the processes and conditions of rim formation, to determine which of the above or other models of rim formation most consistently explains the mineralogical and petrographic characteristics of the rims and other components, and to elucidate the formation history of the Tagish Lake carbonate-poor lithology.


Institutional Commercial use varies in the city of Mosul in terms of capacity, materials, and the number of customers who deal with them or those who are specialized in selling collectively or individually. What is interesting in the geography of cities is the spatial distribution of commercial use and its patterns.  The commercial tapes are one of the components of the Commercial installation in modern cities. Its forms and types have varied and varied within the cities, and no city, no matter how small in size, is located, but the commercial position occupies a spatial space, as we notice some stores and stores spread in the major villages, and there are villages or central places where weekly markets are held (on a day of any M week) and choose places devoid of any activity during the days of the week, except in one day than it is on the market,The commercial streets are considered one of the main elements for modern cities. They varied in the commercial shape in  Mosul . it  increased between the two wars because of the increasing of export activities . The old commercial shops use  electric activities. it has 88 shops out of 117 in the commercial street


INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease is a frequent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor manifestations, such as dysautonomia, sleep disorders, sexual dysfunction


Despite the prediction that religion would wane in the 21 century, evidence suggests otherwise. It is important therefore for mental health professionals to understand the role of religion in the lives of their clients and to appreciate its impact on mental health. Research suggests a moderate inverse relationship between religion and depression and anxiety with some cross-cultural support. The relationship is however complex and context needs to be taken into account. The effect of culture and the importance of intrinsic religiosity are discussed. Much research is conducted in the US in the field of psychiatry, suggesting a gap in the British psychological literature. Some implications for clinical practice are discussed. The interplay between religion, culture and wellbeing is discussed.


Abstract : This final report describes research on developing new technologies and approaches for countering Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). The work comprised eight projects, including two prediction projects, one that developed methods for identifying explosive materials using x-ray emission spectra, and another that developed similarity based learning architectures to improve pattern recognition for real time decision-making. One of five detection projects researched a nonlinear spectroscopic technique of sum frequency generation as a novel remote sensing system for detecting trace amounts of explosive chemicals on surfaces. Another project explored the idea that explosive chemicals change the ionic field surrounding an explosive in detectable ways, in particular, the idea that the ionic field can be probed using electro-optic polymers in the form of micro-ring resonators attached to long optical fibers to potentially provide standoff detection capability. The detection projects also included a comprehensive study of ultra-wideband imaging using distributed sources and receivers over a wide range of electromagnetic frequencies. Another developed fundamental theory and methodology for rapid and reliable detection of change points in multivariate data streams; this research can contribute to improvements in real time decision making when multiple sensors yield multiple streams of data. The final detection project was an investigation to understand the scattering properties of concealing structures and target materials for electromagnetic radiation at terahertz frequencies. The only mitigation project contributed to the long term goal of developing an in-field capability for stopping uncontrolled bleeding from major blood vessels caused by explosions.


N-(1-Cycloalkenyl)pyrroles 3a,b, -pyrazoles 6a,b, and -imidazoles 9a,b were synthesized via elimination of benzotriazole or 5-phenyltetrazole from the corresponding 1-[1-(heterocycyl)cycloalkyl]benzotriazoles 2, 5, and 8 or 1-[1-(heterocycyl)cyclohexyl]-5-phenyltetrazole (12 and 14). Intermediates 2, 5, 8, 12 and 14 were obtained by cyclizations of dihaloalkanes with N-(benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)heterocycles, 1-imidazol-1-ylmethyl-5-phenyltetrazole (11), or 1-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl-5-phenyltetrazole (13) in the presence of n-BuLi.


Reviewing interdisciplinary approaches to the study of emotions and mental processes. Despite a long history, research on the influence of emotions on mental processes is a debatable topic as most paradigms do not fully validate emotional intelligence and neglect interdisciplinary approaches to this complex topic.


Recent studies of the mangerite-charnockite-alaskite suite exposed in the Adirondack Highlands strongly suggest that these rocks were emplaced under anorogenic, or mildly extensional, conditions. The characteristic signatures of the rocks are high (FeO/FeO+MgO) and (FeO/Fe2O3); mildly alkaline to subalkaline and metaluminous trends; high Ga/Al2O3; and within plate concentrations of Nb vs Y, Ta vs Yb, Rb vs (Y+Nb), and Rb vs (Yb+Ta). Evolved members of the series are low in CaO and MgO and high in alkalies and halogens. All of these properties are consistent with anorogenic magmatism comprising acidic crustal melts and mantle derived mafic additions to the crust. Major and minor element trends, as well as field evidence, strongly suggest that the anorogenic acidic suite is coeval, but not comagmatic, with closely associated anorthositic massifs. Present outcrop configurations are consistent with the evolution of the acidic and anorthositic rocks in zoned, bimodal magma chambers cored by the mafic constituents and overlain by explosive, caldera-type volcanism. Age determinations indicate that the emplacement of the anorthosite-charnockite suite extended over approximately 500 Ma in the Grenville and adjacent Nain, Provinces.


Objective: To estimate, from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance, the cost utility of allogeneic stem cell transplantation with matched unrelated donor (MUD-SCT) in newly diagnosed, chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients aged 40 years or younger, relative to the treatment with imatinib. Methods: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the additional cost of imatinib versus MUD-SCT per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained was chosen as a target assessment. ICER was quantified using a Markov cohort modelling approach. The evaluation encompassed 5 years of treatment with either approach, and only direct medical costs (in €, year 2005) were considered. Results: There were incremental costs of €77,410 for imatinib therapy per QALY gained versus MUD-SCT. No strategy was clearly dominant; on average, during 5 years, cost savings of €63,433 were obtained and 0.82 QALY lost by SCT compared to treatment with imatinib. QALYs gained in CML patients with either treatment resulted in considerable cost to the third-party payer in Germany. The results were particularly sensitive to the price of imatinib. Conclusions: The analysis finds that imatinib is more costly but more effective (as measured in QALYs) over a 5-year time horizon. The resulting ICER of €77,410 per QALY is higher than commonly cited thresholds. The cost utility of MUD-SCT to treat CML in patients with a European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation score ≤ to 2 compares with that of the imatinib strategy.


Paddy is the prominent crop among cereals produced in India. Especially, south Indian accustomed with rice consumption more so the production of Paddy still has more significance. In addition, Green revolution given priority to Paddy and Wheat. The delta region of Tamil Nadu has been growing Paddy for longer period and the cultivation practices has been consistently undergoing transition. The present study examines the implications of innovative technology in Paddy cultivation in Nagapattinam district. The study undertaken in 480 cultivators in Nagapattinam district. The study revealed that innovative technology in cultivation practices, irrigation methods and marketing have enhanced the production and productivity of Paddy crop. The study also urged the need for conducive logistics arrangements to alienate the post-harvesting losses of the crops.


Abstract In this article, a miniaturized patch antenna using fractal DGS and SRR DMS for GSM1800, C band and WiMAX applications is presented and investigated. Antenna miniaturization and multiband are accomplished by employing a fractal loop on the DGS structure and a split ring resonator slot in the patch. The proposed radiator has a hexagonal shape that operates at 6.8 GHz. To achieve downsize of 20.58, 38.22, 55.14 and 72.75% an antenna is designed using DGS and DMS structures for quad-band application appearing at 1.85, 3.05, 4.2, and 5.4 GHz. Simulated and tested data are investigated. The prototype antenna has adequate advantages, with a simple structure, compact size, multiband, and uniform radiation patterns.


This study investigates the effect of mortgage purchases by the GSEs on mortgage originators' screening incentives using a quasi-natural experiment. Employing a method that combines a regression discontinuity design (RDD) and a difference-in-differences approach, we find that a discontinuous change in the acceptance rates at the conforming/jumbo cutoff, which indicates higher acceptance rates for mortgages eligible to be purchased by the GSEs, though existed prior to year 2009, largely diminished after the GSEs increased their efforts in reviewing the purchased loans. Our findings suggest that GSE mortgage purchases have unintended negative effects on mortgage originators' screening incentives.


The effect of the diametrs and arrangement of titanium fibers in a fibrous composite with an aluminum matrix on the change in the stress-strain state upon indentation of a rigid spherical indenter by the Brinell method has been studied. The process of introducing a hard ball Ø 5 mm under a load of 1226 N was simulated in the SIMULIA / Abaqus software package. The distribution of plastic deformation in the cells near the surface of the deformed plate in the axial section has two maxima and almost zero near the center of the hole. The print becomes elliptical when the indenter is positioned over the axis of the titanium wire. The major axis of the ellipse is perpendicular to the axes of the wires. This is due to the restraint of aluminum deformation in this direction by titanium fibers.


The present invention provides glycopeptides comprising a peptide that is covalently linked to a saccharide. The peptide portion of the glycopeptides of the invention has from about 20 to about 40 amino acid residues and at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, 2, or 3. The saccharide moiety portion of the glycopeptides of the present invention comprises from 1 to about 8 carbohydrates. The present invention also relates to using the glycopeptides of the invention in treating various neurodegenerative diseases.


Adequate thermal protection for passengers travelling on-board vessels in cold climate regions, such as that provided by thermal protective immersion suits (TPIS), enhances passenger survivability in emergency situations, in particular those requiring the abandonment of the vessel. As emergency abandonment is a time critical process, it is essential to consider the time required to correctly don the TPIS. Testing standards, such as the International Maritime Organization guidelines, require that TPIS must be able to be donned within 2 minutes. Unfortunately, current practices quantifying donning times are questionable and so there is a limited evidence base that reliably quantifies donning times required by typical passengers. This paper presents a test procedure designed to reliably quantify the time required by test subjects to don the TPIS. Furthermore, the procedure assesses the donning correctness – a TPIS that is incorrectly donned is unlikely to offer appropriate thermal protection. The paper will also discuss the deficiencies in current practices to assess required donning time.


(A1) at least two and optionally isocyanate-reactive functional group at least one comprising at functional groups to bond activated by actinic radiation, at least one and optionally contain at least one hydroxyl reactive functional group radiation curable component that polymerizes by actinic irradiation consisted, (a2) component (a3) thermally curable binder component functional groups be composed of at least two comprise polymerized by thermal exposure that is reactive with the functional groups of [ wherein the heavy having an equivalent weight nonvolatile weight, based on the at least 5% by weight, the functional groups (a21) have at least two more than shown and 225 a Tg of less than 0 ℃ component (a2) is a polymer component (X)], (a3) (a2) a thermosetting crosslinking component and comprising at least two functional groups reactive with the functional groups of the (a4) Coating composition comprising at least one reactive diluent if.


More than a century ago, Sommer 1 described for the first time the presence of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) in autopsy studies in patients with a history of epilepsy. It took another 70 years before Murray Falconer et al reported that some patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, who received surgery and had HS on pathology, had a distinctive history of febrile convulsions in childhood. The epilepsy syndrome of mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) was eventually defined in the modern era by the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to recognize HS. Although Falconer and others had suggested a possible association between MTS and febrile convulsions in childhood, the etiology of HS has remained a mystery for most patients. The FEBSTAT study reported in this issue is the first large study using MRI that attempts to link febrile status epilepticus (FSE) in childhood and the subsequent development of HS. The investigators are to be commended for designing a very difficult study, especially because of the patient's age and logistics, and the need for sedation to perform MRI studies. What did we learn? We can arbitrarily divide the results into acute and follow-up MRI changes. In the acute phase, the study reports that 10% of children (22 of 226) had definitive MRI changes suggesting acute hippocampal injury in the form of T2 signal abnormalities and possible edema following FSE. More interesting, however, was the presence of other MRI abnormalities in 9 of 22, and 2 patients had clear evidence of HS at the time of the first scan. In the follow-up study months to years later, 14 of the 22 returned for a second MRI. Of this small cohort, 9 of 14 developed hippocampal abnormalities suggestive of hippocampal atrophy or hippocampal hypoplasia. Notably, none of the children without signal change on the initial scan developed HS or clear-cut hippocampal abnormality by their second scan. Electroencephalographic abnormality at the time of febrile seizure (FS), even when focal, occurred commonly (43 children) and did not in most (90% of cases) portend development of HS. Although the study suggests a possible cause and effect, the numbers are so small as to make them questionably significant. The follow-up study indicates that 9 patients of 226 (4%) developed changes suggestive of HS between the first and second MRI. Of the 9 patients, the majority (5 of 9) had other imaging abnormalities, which means that only 4 patients or 2% developed HS from febrile status in the absence of apparent pre-existing risk factors. Three additional children had subtle pre-existing abnormalities confined to the hippocampus, and in the absence of FS they might have had no further issues. The remaining 2 individuals had significant pre-existing MRI abnormalities (bilateral colpocephaly in one, schizencephaly and agenesis of the corpus callosum in the other) and developmental delay, suggesting a substantial risk for epilepsy even without febrile status. It seems that the majority of children at risk for hippocampal damage are those in whom there are pre-existing congenital abnormalities on MRI. Although the number of affected patients is small, the study has useful clinical implications. The good news is that the vast majority of children with FSE do not have acute hippocampal damage, nor do they develop any clear-cut hippocampal injury later on. Whether the subtle asymmetries in hippocampal growth will have clinical implications, or whether children develop HS later in life without evidence of early hippocampal damage, remains to be seen as the study progresses. At present, however, these findings seem to reassure patients and physicians that the vast majority of these children should have normal neurologic status following FSE. They also suggest that no further imaging studies should be required for most children. One of the motivations for mounting a major study such as this was the hope that enough data could be accumulated on these children to mount an interventional trial aimed at preventing epilepsy (antiepileptogenesis). The relatively good news of a surprisingly small number of children with development of HS raises questions about whether such a trial would be feasible. There does not appear to be a way of selecting children at risk for HS without subjecting a large number of healthy children to sedation for an MRI at the time of FS. Excluding the children with developmental delay (who would have other reasons for a scan), 226 children would need to be scanned to discover 7 children in whom HS could potentially be prevented. Disappointingly, a prior publication by this group failed to uncover any risk factors at the time of FS that would have predicted


ABSTRACT Under field conditions a crop of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea, var. gemmifera) usually utilises the plant-available nitrogen better than leeks (Alliumporrum L.). To investigate the role of the root system in nitrogen utilisation, the two crops were grown in the Wageningen Rhizolab, a new rhizotron facility. Large differences in rooting pattern were observed. Leeks had a relatively shallow rooting system with maximum root growth at a depth of 15 to 20 cm and a low rooting intensity. The rooting pattern of Brussels sprouts could explore the soil profile to a depth of one metre in a very short period. Large differences in nitrogen uptake pattern also showed up between the crops. Brussels sprouts depleted the entire rooted profile of nitrogen in a relatively short period (June to mid-August) whereas in leeks the nitrogen uptake was greatest in the second part of the season. The implications of these rooting and nitrogen uptake patterns for fertilisation management strategies to minimise N loss...


At this thesis there was a first attempt of occupation with Wireless Sensor Networks, most kown to the scientific world as WSNs. We studied the basic characteristics of these networks such as topologies and architecture. We also studied the architecture of the wireless nodes which form the network, also known as motes.The motes have the ability of local data computation and the wireless transmition of them to a base station, where they can further processed. This ability is performed by a microprocessor unit with the use of a single integrated chip responsible for the radio transmition. The data collection can be performed by many digital sensor platforms.
At this paper, it has been used the micaz computional unit and the MTS400/420 sensor platform of Crossbow company. These platforms are integrated with sensors that measure relative humidity/temperature, barometric pressure/temperature, illumination, acceleration on axis x and y and especially the 420 platform can integrate a GPS module.
Our goal is the development of a Graphical User Interface (GUI) through which we can plot the data that the sensors would send. The development of GUI made with Matlab. For this purpose, it was necessary the connection of a mote to the computer, that would behave like an intermediate receiver and would forward the data packets to the computer through the serial port. The MIB520 board was used for this purpose. For the data projection and saving to the computer, the xlisten interface was used.


The utility model relates to a pressure compensation device for rotary seal of high pressure water, which comprises a water distribution disc, wherein a water inlet channel is arranged on the water distribution disc, the left side and the right side of the water inlet channel are respectively provided with a first path of rotary seal piece, the outer sides of the rotary seal pieces on the left side and the right side are both provided with a balance pressure oil flow passage, the balance pressure oil flow passage is communicated with the pressure balancer through a pipeline, the pressure balancer is communicated with an oil tank through a one-way valve, one path of the high pressure water input hole leads to the water distribution disc, and the other leads to the pressure balancer, the pressure ratio on two ends of the pressure balance is constant, the pressure balance can lead pressure oil which forms a certain ratio with water pressure to be acted on the outer side of the first path of rotary seal piece. The pressure compensation device has the advantages that the outer sides of the first path of rotary seal pieces on the left side and the right side of the water inlet channel of the water distribution disc are both provided with a balance pressure oil flow passage, and the inner side and the outer side of the first path of rotary seal piece are led to have pressure function, the first path of rotation seal piece can be led to properly attach with a sleeve barrel, and rotary seal of a closed casing can be actively compensated in real time.


The business processes of any modern organization as a result of the interaction between participants of the forest waste processing cluster are closely related to information technology. The article deals with the project of introducing an information system, which turns out to be a serious transformation, affecting various areas of the enterprise, ranging from the reflection of core activities, ending with regulations for user support. The information system implementation project is divided into the main stages, during which the requirements for the system are formed, changing business processes are considered, a model of the future system is created and put into pilot operation.


Objective: To analyze the temporal trend and spatial patterns of schistosomiasis-related morbidity in Northeast Brazil, 2001–2017. Methods: Ecological study, of time series and spatial analysis, based on case notifications and hospital admission data, as provided by the Ministry of Health. Results: Of a total of 15,574,392 parasitological stool examinations, 941,961 (6.0%) were positive, mainly on the coastline of Pernambuco, Alagoas and Sergipe states. There was a reduction from 7.4% (2002) to 3.9% (2017) of positive samples and in the temporal trend of the detection rate (APC—11.6*; Confidence Interval 95%—13.9 to −9.1). There was a total of 5879 hospital admissions, with 40.4% in Pernambuco state. The hospitalization rate reduced from 0.82 (2001) to 0.02 (2017) per 100,000 inhabitants. Conclusion: Despite the reduction in case detection and hospitalizations, the persistence of focal areas of the disease in coastal areas is recognized. This reduction may indicate a possible positive impact of control on epidemiological patterns, but also operational issues related to access to healthcare and the development of surveillance and control actions in the Unified Health System.


Neural information is Shannon information! We believe neurons in primary sensory cortex maximize the information transmitted per energy expended. Let "j" be such a neuron. Neuron j receives spike trains from circa 10,000 other neurons. In response, j produces a voltage called the post-synaptic potential (PSP). When the PSP reaches a threshold, j sends an action potential (AP) to all its target neurons, which also number circa 10,000. PSP's are modeled as time and amplitude-continuous random processes of the sort usually called diffusions. Barndorff-Nielsen (B-N) diffusions are time-homogeneous, amplitude-inhomogeneous Markov processes, certain of which exhibit attraction to the threshold as the diffusion approaches it. That is the very behavior that PSP buildup exhibits. The threshold hitting times of B-N diffusions have generalized inverse Gaussian (GIG) distributions. Much research favors GIG hitting times for fixed threshold neurons. We have optimized the information-energy tradeoff of such neurons. Bits per Joule (bpJ) is also bps per Jps, i.e., capacity per watt. By finding capacity v. power curves for primary cortical neuron channels, we have linked Shannon theory and neuroscience more closely.


From a database perspective, business constraints provide an accurate picture of the real world being modeled and help enforce data integrity. Typically, rules are gathered during requirements analysis and embedded in code during the implementation phase. We propose that the rules be explicitly modeled during conceptual design, and develop a framework for understanding and classifying spatiotemporal set-based (cardinality) constraints and an associated syntax. The constraint semantics are formally specified using first-order logic. Modeling rules in conceptual design ensures they are visible to designers and users and not buried in application code. The rules can then be semiautomatically translated into logical design triggers yielding productivity gains. Following the principles of design science research, we evaluate the framework's expressiveness and utility with a case study.


When reflecting on contemporary life, local residents of the West Himalayan Kullu Valley often associate it with the Kaliyug, the most horrible eon according to common textual descriptions of Hindu time. This enables them to explain and invest with broader meanings the far-reaching transformations unfolding in the valley in recent years. Yet, in order to carry out this task, the Kaliyug needs to undergo several significant modifications. In particular, its temporality is reworked so that it better corresponds with the events of recent decades, and it is closely associated with the local goddess Hadimb?, whose demonic origins and current identification with the goddess K?l? perfectly fit the wild and violent character of the age. This association, in turn, has important implications for villagers' self-perception and sense of place in the broader Indian cultural grid.


Objectives: To study on the methods on how to enhance efficiency and productivity in the operating room and thandecrease average length of hospital stay. Methods: Operating room efficiency and productivity were measured from 2000 to 2008.We also analyzed and described related methods including parallel processing, incentive plan, disposition of human resources,availability of surgeons, and standard surgical time of Peking university third hospital which will increase operating roomefficiency. Results: The average length of stay of Peking university third hospital has fallen year on year from 15.3 days in 2000to 9.2 in 2008. Total operating cases increased percentage 180 from 9229 in 2000 to 26302 in 2008. The number of operating caseevery room increased from 1.67 in 2000 to 4.05 in 2008 every day. Surgeries are started on time, and the turn over time isshortened now. We increase operating room efficiency and decrease average length of stay while maintaining patient satisfactionand safety. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that parallel processing, incentive plan, disposition of human resources,availability of surgeons and standard surgical time contribute to increase operating room efficiency.


We present an I/O architecture, called Swift, that addresses the problem of data-rate mismatches between the requirements of an application, the maximum data-rate of the storage devices, and the data-rate of the interconnection medium. The goal of Swift is to support integrated continuous multimedia in general purpose distributed systems. In installations with a high-speed interconnection medium, Swift will provide high data-rate transfers by using multiple slower storage devices in parallel. The data-rates obtained with this approach scale well when using multiple storage devices and multiple interconnections. Swift has the flexibility to use any appropriate storage technology, including disk arrays. The ability to adapt to technological advances will allow Swift to provide for ever increasing I/O demands. To address the problem of partial failures, Swift stores data redundantly. Using the Unix operating system, we have constructed a simplified prototype of the Swift architecture. Using a single Ethernet-based local-area network and three servers, the prototype provides data-rates that are almost three times as fast as access to the local SCSI disk in the case of writes. When compared with NFS, the Swift prototype provides double the data-rate for reads and eight times the data-rate for writes. The data-rate of our prototype scales almost linearly in the number of servers and the number of network segments. Its performance is shown to be limited by the speed of the Ethernet-based local-area network. We also constructed a simulation model to show how the Swift architecture can exploit storage, communication, and processor advances, and to locate the components that will limit I/O performance. In a simulated gigabit/second token ring local-area network the data-rates are seen to scale proportionally to the size of the transfer unit and to the number of storage agents.


This paper aims at presenting the luxembourg legal regime of temporary employment contract in Luxembourg, in the framework of a comparative labor Law Dossier.


That it is feasible to manipulate human behavior with the use of subliminal, either sound or visual, messages is now generally known. This is why in most of the countries the use of such technologies, without consent of the user, is banned. Psychotronic weapons remain, at least for a layman uninformed of secret military research, in the sphere of science fiction, since so far none of the published scientific experiments was presented in the way which would allow for its replication.


The anti-epileptic agent remacemide hydrochloride has been prepared labelled with 14C, from [carbonyl-14C]acetophenone, and with 13C from [13C6]benzene, [1,2-13C]acetyl chloride and [1-13C]glycine. [2-3H]Glycine was utilised to prepare remacemide labelled with tritium at low specific activity. In addition other 2H- and high specific activity 3H-isotopomers of the drug, and of an active metabolite of the drug, were prepared by hydrogen isotope exchange methodology. The R-12C/S-14C and S-12C/R-14C pseudoracemic drugs were also prepared by a synthesis involving resolution of a 14C-labelled amine intermediate via fractional crystallisation of the dibenzoyltartrate salts. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A drum-type laundry cleaning dryer is provided to wet clothing surfaces at dryness factor of 90~96% by including an atomization unit generating mist and supplying wet mist having particle diameter of 10~50(micro-meter) inside a drum. A drum-type laundry cleaning dryer comprises: a plurality of holes(4b) formed in an inner side; a rotary drum(4) which laundry is put into; a water tub(3) with an air vent in which the dry air is flowed; a water supply unit supplying water to the water tub; a drainage unit for draining from the water tub; a circulation air blow path(9) connected to the air vent; and an atomization unit being equipped near the upper of the air vent and generating mist. The circulation air blow path comprises: a dehumidifier(10) and a heater(11) producing dry air; and a blower(12) sending the dry air to the air vent.


AbstractGene therapy offers the potential to deliver genetic material inside the cells for correcting a disease phenotype. Various techniques for the transgene delivery have been developed, among which cationic liposome mediated delivery is widely acceptable. DC-Chol/DOPE cationic liposomes, synthesized in our laboratory, have several alluring features such as low toxicity, non-immunogenicity, ease of utilization and stability. These liposomes have been successfully used as a vector in clinical trials for treating melanoma and cystic fibrosis. Only a small portion of the DNA-liposome complex taken up by the cell is eventually available for gene expression in the nucleus. To overcome the problem of limited expression, we have developed a cytoplasmic expression system in which the reporter gene is placed under the control of a bacteriophage T7 promoter. To initiate the expression of the gene either purified T7 RNA polymerase or T7 autogene expression vector is transfected along with the reporter gene. Prolo...


The configuration of the amplifier for recording the ionic channel current of the cell is described here.The measured currents vary from 1 pA to nanoampers,and the output voltage is required to be processed by the computer.Therefore,the amplifier must be constructed in multistages.The key point for designing this amplifier is the low noise technique,especially for the headstage.The background noise of the main components and devices are particularly analyized with power density spectrum S I(f) and S v(f ) to characterize their characteristics.The test results of the designed patch clamp amplifier model PC Ⅱ satisfy the practical requirement and the experimental data are given.


The complex rf impedance of tantalum point‐contact Josephson junctions at 8.9 GHz has been measured as a function of the dc bias current for several values of rf current amplitude. The experimental results agree qualitatively with the predictions of the resistively‐shunted‐junction model, but discrepancies between the experimental results and the theory suggest that this model does not adequately predict all of the impedance properties of these junctions.


A conceptual framework for the analysis of global political change is presented and illustrated with examples drawn from the Cold War. The most important issues on an agenda, the critical issues, go through identifiable stages: genesis, crisis, ritualization, dormancy, decision making, and authoritative allocation. The effects of the different stages on behavior of international actors is examined in a preliminary fashion, and a theoretical rationale is offered. Each stage, treated in detail, relates to the others in terms of differences in behavior associated with each stage, the evolving of relationships among actors, and the resolution of issues. The concluding section elaborates the research implications.


Western dance theatre performance, and specifically UK independent dance, provides the context for this writing. I teach the MA module in Performance Making: choreography at the University of Surrey. Students attend the course from different cultural backgrounds and also bring different physical skills and knowledge. Teaching the module is challenging in that it interweaves my experience as a performer, choreographer and artistic director with my role as an academic. One ongoing interest for me, which connects practice to theory in the teaching, is that of a performer's presence. Standing Still … Looking at You might appear as a microscopic momentary image between performer and spectator. Embodying the action through tasks offers students the opportunity to blow open and investigate the notion of presence. I am writing about these tasks to illustrate how, in teaching, performance practice and post-structuralist theory can influence each other.


Micro- and nano- engineering and science lead to fundamental breakthroughs in the way materials, devices and systems are understood, designed, function, manufactured, and used. High-performance microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS), micro- and nano-scale structures and devices will be widely used in nanocomputers, medicine (nanosurgery and nanotherapy, nonrejectable artificial organ design and implants, drug delivery and diagnosis), biotechnology (genome synthesis), etc. This paper reports novel results in developing the micro/nanoelectromechanical theory and illustrates that rapid prototyping can be performed. To demonstrate the capabilities of the analysis and modeling results, high-fidelity integrated 3D+ (three-dimensional geometry dynamics in time domain) data intensive modeling and simulation are performed, and the end-to-end behavior of MEMS and NEMS is studied. This is a significant departure from the conventional 3D modeling. Micro- and nano-scale antennas and ICs are used to control structures and devices, and control problems are solved. This paper provides new directions for detailed, systematic, quantitative, and qualitative pioneering fundamental and applied studies.


The article examines the relationship and interrelation of such components of social reality as legal upbringing, legal education and legal consciousness.
In recent years, many scientific papers have been published on the problems of legal upbringing and legal consciousness. Nevertheless, legal science needs further thorough research on the legal socialization of man.
The article analyzes the issues of legal consciousness, legal education and legal upbringing. Emphasis is placed on the essence of legal consciousness, a general description of the structure and functions of legal consciousness is provided.
It is stated that everyone has a legal consciousness, regardless of whether they know about it or not. Legal consciousness occupies a special niche in the social life of society, due to law and its impact on social relations. Negative attitude to law, its actions, its significance in society creates a deformation of legal consciousness.
The influence of legal educational activity on the process of both formation and improvement of legal consciousness, as well as on overcoming legal nihilism, is determined. It is established that legal education is a necessary element of personal access to law, which forms the attitude to law, trains a socially active member of society who knows his rights and opportunities, is able to defend and protect them in all ways.
It is substantiated that the formation of a positive, healthy legal consciousness without legal upbringing (education) is impossible.
Keywords: legal upbringing, legal education, legal consciousness, deformation of legal consciousness, legal nihilism.


The present study pursued the assessment of the epidemiological data, the morphoclinical and reproductive correlations regarding mammary tumours in female dogs. The study was conducted in the clinics of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest on 68 female dogs displaying mammary tumoral lesions. The epidemiological results obtained emphasized that the highest prevalence of mammary tumours was present in mixed breed female dogs (29.4 %), and the average age of the affected animals was 11 years old. The abdominal mammary glands (M3 and M4) display the highest value regarding the frequency of mammary tumoral lesions (47.9 %), however, taken individually, M4 (27.08%) and M5 (27.8%) register the highest percentage. Blood tests indicated in most female dogs significant modifications of the serum alkaline phosphatase, as well as of the hepatic functional parameters (GPT, GGT, GOT). Out of the 68 examined females, 36 (53%) were not ovariohysterectomised, whereas 32 (47%) were ovariohysterectomised after the age of 6. False lactations existed as priors in the case of 20 female dogs (29.4%). The radiologic examination revealed pulmonary metastases in 17 female dogs (25 %), and their average age was 13.2 years old. The pulmonary metastases were multiple (88.2%), and the dominant clinical signs were represented by cough and dyspnea with an average duration of 45 days. From a histopathological standpoint, the mammary formations sampled after necropsy were mostly carcinomas, with the the most frequent type being complex.


Throughout the decades, Jaguar has maintained a clear brand image. Jaguars are known for power, style, quality and – most importantly – driving dynamics and comfort – areas which are the focus for the company's expert engineers and their leading-edge automotive technology. Case in point is the chassis and suspension design of the XJ series, Jaguar's flagship full-size sedan. A thirdgeneration XJ was introduced in 2003 with a ground-breaking aluminum body and chassis that minimizes the use of heavier steel parts. The aluminum design is 60% stiffer and 40% lighter than comparable all-steel vehicles, translating into improved fuel economy and handling. Furthermore, a Computer Active Technology Suspension (CATS) system constantly monitors and tunes the car's fourwheel independent double-wishbone suspension to match driving conditions, providing a comfortable cruising ride and automatically adjustments for greater maneuvering control and responsiveness. A redesigned XJ is underway. A key goal of the project is to optimize the design of the chassis to maintain current ride and handling behavior while lowering interior NVH road noise – quite a trick considering the XJ is already extremely quiet. Compounding the engineering challenge, ride and handling requirements often conflict with those related to road noise. Historically, traditional prototype testing performed late in development was used to lower road noise, but noise levels typically were not reduced significantly because engineers had only enough time to evaluate a few alternatives with this time consuming trial-and-error method and had to remain within the boundaries set by the ride and handling department.


The bibliography in this number refers to books and articles in periodicals published during February, March, and April 1930. The section headings will be printed in English, German, and French respectively, the language varying each year. The Editor will be pleased to receive information in regard to books, pamphlets, or other papers published in Africa which might otherwise not come to his attention.


ABSTRACT Since the explosion of the Russia-Ukraine war, the global stock markets have experienced considerable oscillation. Using data for 86 countries, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis to identify the roles of geopolitical, economic, institutional, humanitarian, industrial, and firm-related factors in explaining the heterogeneous abnormal returns for listed firms around the explosion of the war.


AbstractConcentration is an up-to-the-minute term as the Swedish population is estimated to pass ten million inhabitants in 2025. Concentration means that cities grow inward instead of outward as the trend long has been in Sweden. The city of Trollhattan is no exception and the city council passed a new layout plan the 10th of February 2014 with clear goals on concentration and increased sustainability. The layout plan states that the city should grow with 14 000 inhabitants and that 7 000 new homes are needed in 2030 to meet this growth. In response to the layout plan, Eidar AB, the semi-public housing body of Trollhattan, has decided to produce at least 1 000 new homes until 2030. The purpose with the survey has been to find out what qualifications Eidar AB has to concentrate the city of Trollhattan without building new homes on unused land, as well as how Eidar AB can contribute to sustainability in Trollhattan. The method for the survey has been to through literature studies collect different types of data, interviews have provided knowledge from experts in the construction industry, analysis of archive material and observations within the housing stock of Eidar AB has provided clarity of the opportunities available in the existing housing stock. The study has demonstrated that there are a number of opportunities with concentration through vertical addition. Buildings that face renovation can advantageously be selected since vertical addition opens up for rise in standards such as change of sewage pipe system, improvement of energy installations, increased availability and the possibility to install elevators. The conclusion that can be made from the study is that the actual exploitation number that the study has presented covers 25-40% of the decision of Eidar AB to produce at least 1000 new homes before 2030, while it may also bring with it necessary renovation of existing housings.


Nitrogen (N) deficiency is a major yield-limiting factor in rice production. The objective of this study was to identify putative QTLs for low-N stress tolerance of rice, using an advanced backcross population derived from crosses between an indica cultivar '93-11' and a japonica cultivar 'Nipponbare' and genotyped at 250 marker loci. Plant height, maximum root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and plant dry weight under two N conditions and their relative traits were used to evaluate low-N tolerance at the seedling stage. A total of 44 QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9. Eight intervals on five chromosomes were identified to harbour multiple QTLs, suggesting pleiotropism or multigenic effects according to the contributor of alleles. Some QTL clusters were found in the nearby regions of genes associated with N recycling in rice, indicating that the key N metabolism genes might have effects on the expression of QTLs. Several unique QTLs for relative traits were detected, which suggested the specific genetic basis of relative performance.


Article outlines the legal guarantees of personal privacy inviolability, reveals the content of the right to privacy and provides recommendationsfor pre-trial investigation agencies to conduct certain investigative (search) actions in penal institutions.The European Court of Human Rights refers all issues related to collection, storage, use and provision of access to informationabout person's life to the sphere of private life. In its practice, the ECHR did not formulate a proper interpretation of the "private life"concept, but only noted the comprehensive nature of this term which does not have an exhaustive definition.Such principle of criminal process as non-interference in private life is reflected in Article 15 of the Criminal Procedure Code ofUkraine, which states that in the course of criminal proceedings non-interference in private (personal and family) life is guaranteed toeveryone.Information about a person's private life obtained in accordance with the procedure provided for in the Criminal Procedure Codeof Ukraine may be used exclusively for the goals of criminal proceedings. Everyone with access to information about private life isobliged to prevent its disclosure.Authors emphasize that the pre-trial investigation agencies process information with restricted access while performing the tasksassigned in accordance with job descriptions. This may include official or confidential information along with sensitive data – in thesecases unjustified disclosure can lead to serious consequences.Sexuality is defined as one of the most important components of "private life" conceptual framework, which, as the EuropeanCourt of Human Rights has repeatedly emphasized, is the most intimate sphere of life. This domain includes issues related to homosexualrelationships, gender identity and sex life in general. In such cases, it is the protection of the human right to the development ofone's personality that is crucial. Due to the natural intimacy of these issues it acquires a degree of protection against interference.Based on the analysis of the legal regulation of the crime scene examination in places of detention, authors concluded that thisprocedure is not clearly regulated, and it requires the investigator to properly prepare and comprehend the algorithm of one's actions,use audio / video recorders and for the investigative action parties and established security in penal institutions for search and involvementof attesting witnesses, involvement of other investigative (search) actions parties, including the stage of crime scene examination.Information about person's private life, obtained in the course of pre-trial investigation, even if this person is staying at the place ofdetention, must be duly protected from possible disclosure and access of third parties.The fact of interference with a person's private life (personal privacy) is a violation of human dignity, personal independence andintegrity. Therefore, pre-trial investigation agencies should be able to clearly observe the balance between the interests of the individual,society and the state during criminal proceedings, and each procedural decision and action must be properly executed, as violation ofcriminal procedure entails the loss of not only evidence, but can also lead to negative consequences in connection with the disclosureof information about the private life of a person.In addition, the pre-trial investigation agencies do not have the right to seize the client-lawyer correspondence, personal medicaldocumentation, including sensitive data, during investigative (search) actions in places of temporary isolation (places of detention)without clearly defined judicial procedures, while investigators must inform the person in details about the aim and procedure of itsperformance.


Ancient cities have witnessed many changes throughout their long history. These changes have different underlying causes in different regions of the world. This paper discusses the urban sprawl of Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, mainly from the beginning of the 19th century to 2020. Through analysis of historical materials, city plans, and old maps, layers of Tbilisi urban sprawl were created using ArcMap 10.8. Images of Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI have been used to assess changes over the last 30 years. We compared the obtained data with the census data conducted during the study period, reconstructed the current social, political, and economic situation using historical sources, and finally determined in which period the urban expansion took place, the reasons for it, and how this expansion affected the natural and social environments of the city.


A new method of dissolved air (pressure) flotation with the spraying of liquid is presented in the paper. The liquid to be treated is sprayed in the saturator with a hydraulic nozzle which makes it possible to increase the contact surface between the liquid and the gas in comparison with the traditional sparged-air saturator system. The proposed method increases the gas content of the liquid entering the flotation unit for treatment. The paper presents the results of experimental research in terms of the efficiency of liquid saturation in a pressure vessel using whirl and spiral nozzles. The volumetric method was used to determine the amount of air released during the dissolved air flotation based on which the sparging rate was calculated. It is shown that, when the liquid is sprayed, the amount of dissolved air increases by an average of 33% compared to a sparged-air pressure vessel. The sparging rate increases with the increase of saturation pressure and essentially depends on the area of the flotation unit. At the saturation pressure above 2 bar, the sparging rate in the center of the flotation unit becomes significantly higher than that in the wall-adjacent area.


In order to solve the chattering problem and the errors of speed and position is large in the traditional sliding mode control (SMC) for permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM), a sensorless control method for adaptive sliding mode observer (SMO) based on phase locked loop (PLL) of PMLSM is proposed. Firstly, an adaptive law of back-electromotive force (back-EMF) is established by using Lyapunov function, and constructed an adaptive SMO. Then, calculate the position and speed by PLL instead of traditional arctangent function, which improved the accuracy of observation. Finally, build the simulation model and the results proved the superiority of the proposed method.


A major problem infield research in Management Information Systems (mis) is that of controlling and measuring complex behavioural and organizational factors. This paper addresses the difficulties of field research in the area of Information Requirements Analysis (ira) and examines the relationship between the concept of information value and ira. Measurement of the value of information is thus identified as a major source of experimental difficulty. The use of subjective evaluation by users is suggested as a possible approach, and the absence of conclusive field experiments in ira is noted. Possible reasons why a particular field experiment utilizing subjective evaluations did not yield conclusive results are examined. Re-analysis of the data of that study with a new technique yielded more convincing results demonstrating that obtaining significant results in ira field experiments is possible. It is noted that although statistically significant results are not uncommon in laboratory experiments (e.g., simulations), such successes in mis field experiments are rare. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that meaningful results can be obtained in an ira field experiment if the experimental design and technique of analysis are appropriate.

Resume

Un des problemes majeurs dans la recherche relative aux problemes de gestion de l'information (sgi) est de controler et mesurer les facteurs complexes de comportement et les facteurs organisationnels. Cette etude traite des difficultes que pose la recherche dans le domaine de l'analyse des exigences requises (aer) et examine la relation entre le concept de valeur de l'information et I'aer. La mesure de la valeur de l'information est donc identifiee comme source de difficulte experimentale. L'usage d'evaluation subjective par les utulisateurs est suggere a titre d'approche possible et l'absence d'experiences concluantes dans le domaine de I'aer est notee. Les raisons pour laquelle une experience particuliere menee avec des evaluations subjectives n'a pas fourni de resultats concluants ont ete examinees.


The purpose of this study was to determine the role of employee engagement in mediating the effect of compensation on turnover intention. 80 employees were assigned as samples using the saturated sampling method. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The analysis technique used is path analysis. Based on the results compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee engagement. Compensation and employee engagement have a negative and significant effect on turnover intention; Employee engagement significantly mediates the relationship between compensation and turnover intention. The implication in this study is that the company should pay more attention to the compensation given to match the district minimum wage so that employees will feel bound to the company and the desire of employees to change jobs will be lower.


Tumor-associated dendritic cells (DCs) often induce T cell anergy or deletion and regulatory T cells instead of antitumor immunity. Although many tumor-associated Ags have been found, there is still no effective vaccine for cancer. Thus, novel rational strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of cancer-specific Ags are needed. Chromosome 1 open reading frame 190 (c1orf190), a gene that encodes a 239-aa hypothetical protein and contains multiple kinase phosphorylation sites, has a wide relationship with multiple signaling pathway molecules and can be regulated by multiple factors, such as TLR ligands. In this study, we demonstrate that c1orf190 can activate NF- k B, drive the production of cytokines, and promote the Ag-presenting function and the priming ability of DCs. Furthermore, c1orf190 can promote resistance of DCs to tumor-associated inhibition not only in the Ag-presenting function but also in the priming ability to induce Ag-specific T lymphocytes. Thus, c1orf190, an NF- k B activator, may be a candidate gene for regulating the function of DCs to resist tumor-associated factor-mediated dysfunction. We also found that c1orf190-mediated cytokine release is achieved by activating the canonical but not the noncanonical NF- k B pathway. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 185: 000–000. , with Melan-A/MART-1 Melan-A/MART-1–specific CD8 T lymphocytes. CD8 T cells according the protocol described Materials and Methods MART-1–specific HLA-A0201–restricted autologous control autologous C1orf190 resistance of DCs to tumor-associated factors