W artykule omawia sie przestrzenną zmiennośc glebokości do wod mineralnych na obszarze NE Polski oraz sklad chemiczny tych wod w przystropowej strefie ich wystepowania. Glebokośc do strefy wod mineralnych zmienia sie w bardzo duzych granicach, bo od powierzchni terenu do ponad 1200 m. Określono przecietny sklad chemiczny wod mineralnych w strefie przystropowej (CI-Na) oraz odchylenia od tego skladu. CHARACTER OF MINERAL WATERS AT THEM SURFACE IN THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF POLAND Summary The north-eastern part of Poland belongs to different structural elements. The most evident ones are: elevated part of Precambrian platform (Fig. 1, I), the Kujavian-Pomeranian swell (II) and a depression dividing these elevated structures with the Peri-Baltic syneclise. The surface separating mineral and fresh waters is found at the depths ranging from 0 m in SW to more than 1200 m in SE part of this area (Fig. 1). This surface continues in different stratigraphic units: Quaternary, Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic and even Cambrian formations on the south-east (Fig. 1). The mineralization of water grows below the separating surface rather quickly, in shallow position of mineral waters as well as in the deep one (Fig. 2 - diagrams I-XI). The shallowest occurrence of mineral waters is connected with tectonically disturbed salt deposits. Their deepest position is met on limited spaces, also within the basin structures. On the basis of the frequency of certain chemical features of the mineral . waters at their surface the typical content is determined, the deviation from it for the particular ions being marked on the map (Fig. 2). The Mg content did not reveal noticeable deviations. Taking into consideration low water mineralization, typical values were chosen at large intervals, and so: CI - 50-90. SO 2 4 below 20, HC0 3 - 10-50, Na + above 75, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ below 2% mvals. At a general predominance of CI-Na waters, local considerable deviations are noted, which can be connected with gypsum- and sulphid deposits, or with the differentiation in the intensity of water circulation. Some anomalies be treated as the reflexions of tectonic processes operating at present or in the past.


In order to establish standard norms for the Pakistani population, we investigated the geomorphometrics of tooth size and arch dimension using a conventional digital caliper (DC) and a digital stereomicroscope (SM). The sample consisted of 128 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 24 years. A total of 44,155 variables were measured. Dental models of each subject for maxillary and mandibular arches were scanned via Hirox digital stereomicroscope for the fabrication of the digital models, and the geomorphometrics of tooth size and arch dimensions were measured via SM scanned digital models. All the measurements were also carried out via DC on plaster dental models. Sex differences and changes associated with methods were assessed, and interrelationships between different variables were explored within the study group. For the data obtained by DC and SM techniques, the men had significantly larger arch dimensions and geomorphometrics of tooth size than the women did. There were no significant disparities observed between the techniques. The developed norms for the mesiodistal, buccolingual, diagonal tooth sizes and arch dimension had significantly greater values for males in relation to females (*pd" 0.05 to ***pd" 0.001). This study has established a new reference database of tooth size and arch dimensions via both DC and digital SM for first time on Pakistani population. These norms will be helpful for clinical treatment planning in dentistry. Contemporaneously, the norms will be of great value to forensic dentists and dental anthropologists for making comparisons within and between different populations.


This project report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree of Masters of Science in Information Systems


Today's organizations must adapt to environmental changes so that they can survive within the rapidly changing conditions of competition. In order to achieve organizational performance and effectiveness in institutional arrangements of organizations, it is necessary to have employees who are educated, qualified, efficient, harmonious, who act in line with organizational goals, feel responsible for solving problems, act collaboratively for the institution to reach its targets and goals, and who are always willing to contribute to increase the organizational productivity and quality. For this reason, it is necessary to use effective leadership styles in order to guide individuals, motivate them towards the targets and goals, and encourage them to show strong organizational citizenship behaviors. Motivation is the power that prompts the individual to act. The highly motivated individual will inevitably develop organizational citizenship behaviors. Individuals who exhibit organizational citizenship behaviors that are defined as extra-role behaviors beyond their jobs are highly motivated individuals. Leadership styles are therefore an important element in the development of organizational citizenship behaviors and the determination of individual motivation levels. The impact of leadership styles in the organizational citizenship behaviors and the level of motivation of health workers in Istanbul, Turkey will be evaluated.


Abstract Objective: To verify the efficacy of phytoestrogen supplementation combined with aerobic and resistance training on the improvement of climacteric symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in postmenopausal women. Methods: From a pool of women who had participated in a 1-year intervention study and were randomly assigned to either exercise + phytoestrogen (EX + PHY) or exercise + placebo (EX + PL), a total of 31 healthy but overweight women (mean age 59.2 ± 4.8 years, body mass index 29.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2) finished the study (EX + PHY, n = 15; EX + PL, n = 16). All the following variables were measured before, after 6 months and after 12 months of intervention: body composition (fat and lean body mass, DXA), HRQoL (SF-36 questionnaire: physical and mental component summaries and subscales; and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire), climacteric symptoms (Kupperman Index questionnaire). Results: After 1 year of intervention, physical functioning (p = 0.003), role-emotional (p = 0.031), vitality (p = 0.007), and global health (p < 0.001) were significantly and similarly increased in both groups. Regarding climacteric symptoms, an improvement in the Kupperman index total score (p = 0.015) was observed. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that adding phytoestrogens to exercise training does not provide the additive effect for HRQoL in postmenopausal and overweight women. Moreover, exercise and phytoestrogen may interfere in the improvement of climacteric symptoms in the long term.


High-strength/high-modulus structures such as fibres, tapes and rods can be produced currently on the basis of intrinsically flexible macromolecules. The prime example amongst these new developments is gelspinning of high-molecular-weight polyethylene resulting in fibrous structures possessing tenacities of 3–4 GPa and corresponding moduli up to appr. 150 GPa. The basic aspects of chain-extension for polyethylene will be discussed in relation to the various routes toward oriented/extended PE structures as well as recent developments concerning the utilization of other flexible polymeric systems for the production of high-strength/high-modulus fibres.


1. An immunogenic composition comprising (a) a polynucleotide adjuvant comprising polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (PIC), at least one antibiotic and at least one positive ion; and (b) at least one antigen, wherein the composition is manufactured for administration to the mucosa. ! 2. An immunogenic composition comprising (a) a polynucleotide adjuvant comprising polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (PIC), at least one antibiotic and at least one positive ion; and (b) at least one antigen, wherein the composition is manufactured for administration to mucosa, the composition comprises a polynucleotide adjuvant molecules heterogeneous for molecular weight, wherein the molecular weight is at least 66,000 daltons. ! 3. An immunogenic composition comprising (a) a polynucleotide adjuvant comprising polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (PIC), at least one antibiotic and at least one positive ion; and (b) at least one antigen, wherein the composition is manufactured for administration to mucosa, the composition comprises a polynucleotide adjuvant molecules heterogeneous for molecular weight, wherein the molecular weight is from about 66,000 to 1,200,000 daltons. ! 4. An immunogenic composition comprising (a) a polynucleotide adjuvant comprising polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (PIC), at least one antibiotic and at least one positive ion; and (b) at least one antigen, wherein the composition is manufactured for administration to mucosa, the composition comprising the polynucleotide adjuvant sod


We have used molecular characteristics to clarify the taxonomic status of three problematic gracilarioid algae, by comparison with existing data for the Gracilariaceae. Nucleotide sequences of nuclear-encoded 18S rDNA were determined for an unidentified species of Gracilariopsis from North Carolina, and two infertile strains of gracilarioid algae from Namibia, tentatively assigned to Gracilariopsis. The sequence from the North Carolinian alga was intermediate between those established previously for Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis and European Gracilariopsis sp., and represents a different, probably undescribed, species. Sequences from the Namibian plants were characteristic of Gracilaria, and very similar to those from Gracilaria verrucosa and two closely related congeners. In parsimony, distance and maximum-likelihood analyses of these sequences and others already published for the Gracilariaceae, the North Carolinian Gracilariopsis sp. consistently grouped with its congeners, and the two Namibian strains ...


Our goal is to develop a new way to provide experimental complements to theoretical courses, creating suites of simple experiments that can be done at home and assigned like homework problems. Such simple, but elegant experiments we call hands-on-homeworks (HOH) and these will: ● encourage students to use engineering theory to explain everyday phenomena and compare their observations to theoretical predictions, ● provide open-ended opportunities to explore engineering questions using readily available materials and familiar experiences, ● train students to conduct "reality checks" and naturally apply theoretical analysis to experimental observations, and ● provide continuous opportunities for students to empirically explore engineering questions throughout their college careers and develop habits contributing to life long learning. Thus far, we have designed and piloted 15 HOH with an additional eight in progress and 24 in planning stages. Typically, these consist of a theory problem statement which includes a HOH component. Many of these HOH also include a classroom demonstration, and a more quantitative closure experiment. We will present examples of HOH created to date and review plans for testing and evaluation.


Accurate measurement of soil layer thickness by GPR (ground penetrating radar) is of great importance for overlay design and quality control/quality assurance for land rearrangement projects. Soil layer detection is complex because of multiple reflections and high attenuation for electromagnetic (EM) waves propagating in the soil media. This paper proposes a novel data processing method based on the reflection and refraction of the EM waves to improve the measurement accuracy. A cross-correlation sequence is introduced to align the traces, and the effects of random noise are reduced by using a forwards and backwards filtering procedure without phase delay. Additionally, the homomorphic deconvolution, namely the power cepstrum, is employed to deconvolve GPR data and, thus, to enhance its interface reflection. The results of the verification test show that the measurement can achieve high accuracy, with an error less than 10%, and the measurement performance is greatly improved by using the new method. Finally, a contour map of the research area is generated automatically for quality detection and quality control guidance.


Muhammad Suleman1,*, Abu ul Hassan Faiz2, Muhammad Shahbaz2 and Ayesha Riaz3 1Department of Chemistry, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh 2Department of Zoology, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh 3Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi Article Information Received 29 October 2016 Revised 22 July 2017 Accepted 06 November 2018 Available online 26 August 2019


Microcanonical ensembles in which the possible macroscopical states have different probabilities of occurrence are described. The number of complexions associated with each macroscopical state is modified to be the product of the Boltzmann's number of complexions by the probability of this state occurring. It is shown that in the case of quadratic forms of the energy the equilibrium macroscopical state does not correspond to an equipartition of energy. The model is discussed in a general context and is then applied to an ecological example. Self-organization processes are described which result from the unequal distribution of the energy in the different states


Abstract Lipase-catalysed condensation of chitobiose and myristic acid in low-water acetone media was investigated. A product identified as monomyristoyl chitobiose was obtained using immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435). The product yield was significantly affected by reaction conditions, such as the initial water concentration in acetone, the initial water content of immobilized lipases, and the amount of added molecular sieves. The product yield varied in the range 0–10%. The effects of the reaction conditions are discussed in relation to the quantitative distribution of water in the reaction system, that is, water adsorbed onto immobilized enzymes, water adsorbed onto molecular sieves, and free water dissolved in the organic solvent.


Many knot invariants originate from skein relations and similar relations. Usually, the strategy is as follows. One resolves a crossing in two or more possible ways with certain coefficients and then evaluates the resulting graph (or collection of circles) according to the given set of rules. The coefficients are fixed polynomials. In the present paper, we suggest the method of using labels instead of coefficients which allows one to get more degrees of freedom. Suppose we want to have a coefficient a (say) for a given diagram. Instead of putting a before the whole diagram, we just put two dots on (one or two) components of the graph each meaning a; certainly, we may always restore a from these two dots, but rather, we can settle more complicated relations for taking factors (say, let one multiply labels only if they belong to the same connected component). Starting with the usual Kauffman bracket skein relation, putting labels and arcs connecting them we are led to a formalism without any coefficients which dominates various known brackets (the Jones polynomial X (·)[1985Jones], the Kuperberg bracket |·〉 A2 [1991Kuperberg], and the normalised arrow polynomial W [·] [2007Kauffman]).


This paper presents three dimensional nonlinear finite element modeling of giant magnetostrictive materials. The nonlinear relationship between magnetostrictive strain and magnetic field is described by experimental curve. Model is implemented using finite element software CMOSOL multiphysics 3.2a. A new method for precise machining non-cylinder pin hole of piston by using embedded giant magnetostrictive smart component is presented. The effects on smart component deformation and the system resonance frequencies are studied. This model is verified against experimental results, with a good agreement.


An approach of smooth tracking control of stepper motors is first introduced. Then, investigation into the dynamic responses of the stepper motors to typical signal is conducted by utilizing both the numerical simulation and linear\|system theories. Both theoretical and experimental results show that the output of angular displacement of the stepper motors will become smoothly controllable with the new method and the stepper motor will possess high response capability to the signal with small amplitude.


This study was to investigate the effects of aqueous decotion from three Chinese medicinal herb additives( Cyrtomium fortunei,prescription I and prescription II) on non-specific immunity of 1 + age old Amur sturgeon( Acipenser schrencki Brandt) by oral perfusion. Cyrtomium fortunei,prescription I and prescription II were orally given to 15 fishes for each experimental group once a day,with the concentration of 9,175 and 36 g /50 kg body weight,respectively. The administration was lasted for 14 days. Meanwhile,distilled water was orally given as the control. After the experiment,some of the experimental fishes were stimulated with high temperature( 30 ℃) for two hours. Sampling was performed from fishes treated at 22 ℃ and 30 ℃ for measuring the protein content in the serum,phagocytic activity of leucocytes and the activity of the lysozyme in six tissues. The results indicated that Cyrtomium fortunei and prescription II could help to enhance the content of various proteins and the phagocytic activity of leucocytes. There was no significant change in the effects between these two additives at either the normal temperature or high temperature. Prescription I did not show an obvious effect on the immunity of fishes at the normal temperature,but it did in promoting high-efficiency response and improving immunoregulation of fish shocked by some stimuli.


A series of solid solutions (1−x−y)PbTiO3-xBi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3-yBiScO3 were prepared to search for a high performance multifunctional ceramic material. Through contents tailoring, a compound at the morphotropic phase boundary 0.50PT-0.30BNT-0.20BS was found, which displays excellent ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. The mechanical performances, hardness and fracture toughness of the highly compact ceramic are superior among the similar piezoceramics, and its thermal stability is great. The durability of the material is expected to be much increased in various applications. Ferromagnetism was observed in the solid solution due to the introduction of magnetic atoms, Ni, accounted for the superexchange interaction. This multiferroic material has promising applications due to its high piezoelectricity, superior mechanical performances and excellent thermal stability.


We propose a strategy to control the propagations of Airy beams in photonic lattices relying on optical Bloch oscillations (BOs). We predict the existence of optical BOs of Airy beams in photonic lattices with a refractive index ramp. It is found that Airy beams undergoing optical BOs show an alternatively switched concave and convex trajectory as well as a periodical revival of beam profiles. Moreover, the reconfigurability of the photonic lattices enables us to control optical BOs of Airy beams by varying the transverse index gradient or the orientation of the lattice, which offers opportunities to steer the Airy beam to a specific output channel.


Ultra Fast Cooling is a new technology which used to control the hot-rolling strip cooling in recent years on the international developed.It can achieve fast and accurate temperature control in the hot-rolled strip production process to obtain corresponding transformation microstructure and ideal mechanical properties.This article describes the technical principle and layout of ultra fast cooling in hot-rolled as well as cooling features.Analysis the effect of front ultra fast cooling technology in C-Mn steel and obtained consequent on the industrial produced low-cost Q345 hot rolled steel in Panzhihua Iron and Steel.


Abstract: Quantitative and qualitative modifications of the specific binding sites for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate (QNB), a muscarinic antagonist, were studied during rat cerebellar postnatal development. Specific binding sites for QNB (QNB‐sbs), regardless of whether they correspond to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, are present with the highest density in the archicerebellar cortex, but the total amount per region is about the same in the archi‐, paleo‐, and neocerebellar cortex regions. Large amounts of QNB‐sbs are also present in a cerebellar fraction including central white matter and deep cerebellar nuclei. QNB‐sbs are low but present at birth and then accumulate during ontogenic development according to a curve which duplicates, with a delay of a few days, the curve of DNA accumulation. Dissection studies indicated that this curve does not depend on the preferential localization of QNB‐sbs in a specific cerebellar region nor on the particular development of this region. The similarity of the QNB‐sbs and the DNA developmental curves might indicate that the QNB‐sbs are present on granule cells; however, a comparative analysis of the data in the literature suggests that a great many QNB‐sbs are located on the Purkinje cell dendrites in the molecular layer, where all or some of them might correspond to the ex‐trajunctional muscarinic acetylcholine receptor detected there by electrophysiology. It would appear that only a small percentage of cerebellar QNB‐sbs corresponds to the cholinergic synapses present in cerebellar cortex; hence, the question of muscarinic receptors in the cerebellum should be re‐examined.


Glutathione (GSH) transferase deficiency due to paracetamol exposure causes further oxidative stress to liver necrosis. To reduce oxidative stress that can cause damage to the liver of the body requires antioxidants. One plant to treat liver disease is the kelor leaf (because it has an active flavonoid material also has antioxidant activity). This study was conducted to determine the difference of glutathione hepar levels of male white rat induced paracetamol toxic dose by giving kelor leaf extract. The type of research is experimental laboratory in vivo with rancagan randomized post test only control group design. With the stages as follows 1.Leaf Extract Kelor with Ethanol 96%, 2.Perpeteration of experimental animals, 3.Treatment of experimental animals by giving extract of 3-dose of kelor leaf that is KP I 250 mg / 200 gr BB rat, KP II 500 mg / 200 gr BB rat, KP III 1000 mg / 200 gr BB rat  for 14 days combined with paracetamol dose 2 gr / 200 gr BB rat compared with the negative control group (group given only paracetamol dose 2 gr / 200 gr BB rat) and control group positif only fed regular feed for 14 days) . The result showed that there was a significant difference mean of GSH levels between all treatment groups obtained p = 0,000 (p <α) p values smaller than 0.05. There was the highest increase of GSH in treatment group II (142,7525 μmol / mg) and lowest dose of GSH in positive control group (57,1812 μmol / mg), dose paracetamol toxic dosage and kelor leaf extract 500 mg / gr BB rat can increase GSH hepar p = 0,000 (p <α) p less than 0 , 05. The conclusion of the test results showed that giving of kelor leaf extract at dose of treatment group II can increase GSH hepar level significantly


Assess the trend of rainfall change in Phu Quoc island is an interesting topic which establishes a scientific basis for rainfall forecast trends as well as regional development planning. Rainfall measurement data from 1985 to 2018 was used to analyse with different methods included Sen's slope, linear regression, Mann-Kendall (MK) test, CV coefficient (Coefficient of Variation), PCI (Precipitation Concentration Index); examine drought level over time by using SPI - standardized rainfall index. Results show that, according to the linear regression analysis, regional annual rainfall is not much fluctuated, the rainy season and annual rainfall tend to decrease, while rainfall in the dry season tends to increase. According to Sen's slope chart, July rain gains highest increasement, while that of August tends to decrease most. In general, the precipitation concentration index revealed the presence of a high and very high concentration of rainfall.


In the presented study, the need for the development of project activity of students in a modern professionally oriented high school is determined, and its targets are identified, which make it possible to track the effectiveness of pedagogical activity and personal development of the student. Among the scientific approaches, the practice-oriented approach of D. Dewey and the concept of the "open" school of T.S. Shatsky, which have found application and development in modern scientific psychological and pedagogical discourse, are predominant. The criteria for the formation of project activity: motivational, cognitive, rational, personal, promising allowed us to determine a list of indicators that can be monitored through diagnostic tools, which allows us to develop the conclusions obtained experimentally. The theoretical conclusions made were confirmed by the calculation of the expediency index, as well as by an expert survey of teachers of educational organizations in the number of twenty-eight people. In general, the conducted research demonstrates the need to develop the project activity of students in the educational process, as well as to design the educational process in such a way that the personal development of students becomes more ambitious, professionally oriented and aimed at the personal development of students. The presented results can be applied in the process of research and educational work in higher educational institutions.


This thesis has two distinct components. One concerns the physics of the high energy resolution X-ray Charge Coupled Devices (CCD) detectors used to measure the cosmic Xray background (XRB) spectrum. The other involves the measurements and analysis of the XRB spectrum and instrumental background with these detectors on board the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA). The XRB has a soft component and a hard component divided at -2 keV. The hard component is extremely isotropic, suggesting a cosmological origin. The soft component is extremely anisotropic. A galactic component most likely dominates the soft band with X-ray line emission due to a hot plasma surrounding the solar system. ASCA is one of the first of a class of missions designed to overlap the hard and soft X-ray bands. The X-ray CCD's energy resolution allows us to spectrally separate the galactic and cosmological components. Also, the resolution offers the ability to test several specific cosmological models which would make up the XRB. I have concentrated on models for the XRB origin which include active galactic nuclei (AGN) as principal components. I use ASCA data to put spectral constraints on the AGN synthesis model for the XRB. The instrumental portion of this thesis concerns the development and calibration of the X-ray CCDs. I designed, built and operated an X-ray calibration facility for these detectors. It makes use of a reflection grating spectrometer to measure absolute detection efficiency, characteristic absorption edge strengths, and spectral redistribution in the CCD response function. Part of my thesis research includes a study of radiation damage mechanisms in CCDs. This work revealed radiation damage-induced degradation in the spectral response to Xrays. It also uncovered systematic effects which affect both data analysis and CCD design. I have developed a model involving trap energy levels in the CCD band gap structure. These traps reduce the efficiency in which charge transfers through the CCD. I have used the model to extract information about characteristic trapping and detrapping times for electrons in these energy levels out of the X-ray data. Thesis Supervisor: George R. Ricker Title: Senior Research Scientist


Eight Friesian calves were reared from birth to the start of the experiment at a predetermined growth rate of 1.0 kg/d. Four calves (group 1) commenced the experiment at 22 weeks of age and the remainder (group 2) at 34 weeks, and feed intake was calculated to provide sufficient metabolizable energy to sustain zero energy balance (Em). Between experimental days 30 and 56 at maintenance levels of feeding, respiratory exchange measurements were made using open-circuit calorimetry to provide indirect estimates of heat production (H) simultaneous with measurements of faecal and urinary excretion of energy and N. A datum point for Em and H was established for each animal giving mean values for Em of 491 and 537 and for H of 476 and 511 kJ/kg live weight (LW)0.75 per d for groups 1 and 2 respectively. Treatment levels calculated as 0·25, 0·5, 0·75 and 1·25 of dry matter intake required to sustain the measured Em, were imposed on individual animals after day 56 and further measurements of H and faecal/ urinary balance were made between days 72 and 84 followed by measurements of fasting heat production (FHP) during days 86–90 from the two animals in each group which had received the 0.75 and 1.25 levels of intake. Regression analysis of the treatment levels indicated separate linear models which predicted Em at 419 and 473 kJ/kg LW0·75 per d for groups 1 and 2 respectively. The incorporation of FHP with partitioning of faecal and urinary energy losses measured during fasting altered the relationship but not the predicted Em. Overall predicted Em (days 72–84) from all models were 406 and 478 kJ/kg LW0.75 per d for groups 1 and 2 respectively which were significantly lower (P < 0·05) than Em measured during days 30–56.


In this study, we perform an assessment of the level of monopsony power in the Portuguese labor market by building on the existing dynamic monopsony literature. After producing firm-level estimates of the labor supply elasticity, we found evidence of employers having a large degree of market power in the labor market. Furthermore, we perform an assessment of the joint impact of monopsony power and the minimum wage on the employment level of the labor market. Our find-ings confirm the predictions made in the literature. We conclude that an increase in minimum wage will increase the employment level of an employer with a high degree of monopsony power.


The present invention discloses a process for preparing the thiourethane cogeneration dibenzyl disulfide and a method, which is the esterification xanthates, alkyl and benzyl halides, alkyl xanthate to give benzyl ; thiourethane after the mixture with hydrogen peroxide and benzyl mercaptan oxidation reaction; said alkyl xanthan benzyl ester aminolysis reaction with aliphatic amines to give a mixture of thiourethane and benzyl mercaptan liquid-solid separation, the resulting solid, a dibenzyl disulfide product, the resulting liquid was allowed to stand, water stratification, that is, the oil phase thiourethane products. The method for obtaining high yield of dibenzyl disulfide and sulfur urethane product, high purity and easy separation of the manufacturing process, environment-friendly, high atom economy, low production cost and easy industrial production.


Three cycles of recurrent selection to increase seed oil percentage were conducted in a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] population segregating for male sterility (ms1ms1). The base population was planted single plant hills to allow for natural cross pollination of male-sterile plants by male-fertile plants. At maturity, male-sterile plants with the highest seed oil percentages were selected from this crossing block. The halfsib families from the selected plants w.ere grown to maturity in the greenhouse, and the individual within each half-sib family with the highest seed oil percentage was selected. A new cycle was begun by a natural intermating of the progeny of theselected individuals in the field.
The selected progenies from each cycle of selection were evaluated in composite populations and singly as lines. The combined composite and lines tests showed cycles of selection, at an average rate of 0.35 ± 0.03/cycle. There was a nonsignificant increase in total oil from 444 to 460 kg/ha. Protein percentage decreased at a rate of −0.52 ± 0.08/cycle. Changes in yield and total protein were not statistically significant...


Describes a surgical instrument for the angle adjusting mechanism. The mechanism includes a configured (122) rotatable adjusting member (102) about the longitudinal axis, opposite the adjusting member comprises a plurality (134) disposed about a longitudinal axis. Angle relative to the longitudinal axis (150B, 150C) corresponding to each axis is angled (148B, 148C) of the plurality of faces. The pivot member (104) is arranged to pivot about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rotation pivot, and the adjusting means comprises means for receiving and engaging a recess (128) in a pair of opposite plurality. This provides the angle adjustment mechanism, wherein the surface of the corresponding upper surface of the concave portion of the pivoting member engaging the outer side of the regulating member. Use face may provide a robust connection, while allowing a greater degree of angular adjustment, and to provide further advantages of simple operation.


The complexity of the evacuation process is associated with the flow of occupants through various egresses available inside the building. Several methods and algorithms are now available to analyse the problem related to evacuation. In the present paper an algorithm, evacuation discrete time model (EDTM) has been presented to analyse the building egress evacuation time problem with previous works. The algorithm is based on the crowd flow theory and uses discrete computational approach to identify various widths of egresses available for movement of the people, which is more accurate and practicable because the crowd flow rate is variable. The developed model has been compared with an existing model to show the capabilities of the developed algorithm. A case of stadium stand egress is chose for the validity of EDTM, and a comparison of EDTM, previous model and computer simulation indicates that both the EDTM and the simulation curves were found to give better predictions than the previous model. Based upon the comparison analysis with stranded crowd and evacuation crowd at a certain time, EDTM shows great value in explaining the cause of stampede-trampling and crushing incident of egress or narrow passage zone.


The objective of this paper is to describe the prosodic features of the final intonation contour of minor intonational phrases (ip) and the tonemes of major intonational phrases (IP) in Mexico City's Spanish variety. The speech data was taken from a spontaneous speech corpus made from speakers from two social networks: neighborhood and labor. Final intonation contours of ip show a predominantly rising movement. These contours are generally produced with greater length in the last syllable of the ip, which represents the most significant difference between both networks in the case of oxitone endings. On the other hand, tonemes are predominantly descendant, although the circumflex accent has an important number of cases within the data set. Tonemes produced by the neighborhood network are produced with larger length than those from the labor network.


As many as 50% of patients with acute viral, autoimmune, or idiopathic pericarditis experience recurrences. In this prospective, open-label trial from Italy, investigators evaluated the efficacy of colchicine for treating recurrent pericarditis. Eighty-four consecutive patients with first recurrences were randomized to receive aspirin alone (conventional treatment) …


Summary. A telemetered network of sensitive seismographs is being used to study the seismicity of the Wellington region, within the broad shear belt through New Zealand that marks the convergence of the Pacific and Indian plates. On average about 4 event/day are detected within 75 km of the network centre. Of the events loca'ied during the first two years of operation, the majority define a band of relatively intense activity, at depths from 20 to 40 km, dipping gently to the north-west and marking some surface near the top of the underthrust Pacific lithosphere. There is less intense and more diffuse activity both above and below this zone. The shallower activity does not correlate with major surface faults and reflects the widespread nature of shallow deformation throughout the shear belt. The mechanism of shallow events well above the band of high activity appears to be a mixture of strikeslip and thrust faulting, while that of at least part of the activity in the band is normal faulting. The rate of activity and b value, as functions of time, show significant variations, some of which may be related to the occurrence of the largest shock of the period,&= 6.1.


In this work a study of sound propagation through arrays of semi-infinitely long cylinders placed perpendicular to an impedance surface has been carried out. The cross sections of the structures are assumed to be invariant along the main axis of the cylinders, and the cylinders are considered rigid. It is further assumed that the structures are insonified by a monopole source placed above the impedance surface. To study such configurations, we introduce the two-and-a-half-dimensional multiple scattering theory (2.5D MST), which essentially solves the pressure in a three-dimensional domain by post-processing a set of precomputed solutions obtained in a two-dimensional domain. The total pressure can then be obtained by complex addition of four contributions: source-to-receiver, source-to-array-to-receiver, image source-to-receiver, and image source-to-array-to-receiver. The proposed method is validated using both analytical and numerical tools, showing very good agreement for all studied cases. Among other things, we show that a cylinder array placed on top of flat rigid ground can deteriorate the ground interference dips that exist without the array. In addition, we show that the characteristic response of the cylinder array, i.e. in terms of pass and stop bands, may be shifted up in frequency due to a projection phenomenon, which happens when the source or receiver is elevated along the main axis of the cylinders.


Benign esophageal tumors have long been known to occur. Har rington found that they had been recognized for some 200 years. They have been divided into two groups, depending upon where the major portion of the lesion presents in relation to the wall of the esophagus. The first group consists of benign pedunculated intra luminal tumors, and the second consists of benign intramural tumors. The pedunculated intraluminal tumors are exceedingly rare, yet they were the first to be recognized clinically because some were regurgi tated into or beyond the mouth and were seen by the physician before the discovery of roentgen rays or invention of the esophagoscope. A t times these tumors obstructed the larynx and caused death.


Positron emission tomography (PET) was introduced into Australia in 1992, but it has been available in North America and Europe for over a decade.


ABSTRACT The development of suitable serological tests for the diagnosis of CE is still necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ELISA in the diagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis (CE), using parasite protoscolices antigens. Liver hydatid cysts were isolated from sheep infected with hydatid cysts and the protoscolices were isolated from the hydatid cyst fluid. Protoscolices crude antigen was prepared by mechanical disruption, plus freeze-thawing and sonication methods. Thirty sera samples of confirmed hydatid cyst patients, 30 samples of healthy individuals, and 30 samples of people with other infections were collected and the samples were evaluated in an ELISA system, using the crude protoscolices antigen. The sera samples were also simultaneously evaluated by antigen B-ELISA. The estimated value of sensitivity and specificity for the ELISA, using the crude protoscolices antigens, was 93.3% (95% CI: 76.4–98.8%) and 90% (95% CI: 78.8–95.8%), respectively. These values were 86.6 (95% CI: 68.3–95.6) and 91 (95% CI: 80.81–96.9) for the antigen-B based ELISA. Antigens prepared from protoscolices of hydatid cyst are suitable candidates for the serologic diagnosis of human CE. Further studies are needed to identify a single specific antigen among the protoscolices antigens to improve the diagnostic performance of these antigens.


We thank the editor for the opportunity to write this commentary on the paper by Jun Shao. The author's paper gives an excellent review of methods developed for statistical inference when considering covariateadaptive, randomised trial designs. We would like to mention how the results from our paper (Wang et al., 2020) fit into those described by Jun Shao. Our paper focused on stratified permuted block randomisation (Zelen, 1974) and also biased coin randomisation (Efron, 1971), which are categorised as Type 1 randomisation schemes in the author's paper. According to a survey by Lin et al. (2015) on 224 randomised clinical trials published in leading medical journals in 2014, stratified permuted block randomization was used by 70% of trials. Our goal is to improve precision of statistical inference by combining covariate-adaptive design and covariate adjustment, while providing robustness to model misspecification. In Section 6 of the author's paper, the same goal was discussed and a linear model of potential outcomes given covariates was considered. Our results generalise those given for linearmodel-based estimators to all M-estimators (under regularity conditions), which covers many estimators used to analyse data from randomised clinical trials. Examples of M-estimators include estimators based on logistic regression (Moore & van der Laan, 2009), inverse probability weighting (Robins et al., 1994), the doubly-robust weighted-least-squares estimator (Robins et al., 2007), the augmented inverse probability weighted estimator (Robins et al., 1994; Scharfstein et al., 1999), and targeted maximum likelihood estimators (TMLE) that converge in 1-step (van der Laan&Gruber, 2012). Our results are able to handle covariate adjustment, various outcome types, repeated measures outcomes and missing outcome data under the missing at random assumption. Using data from three completed trials of substance use disorder treatments, we estimated that the precision gained due to stratified permuted block randomisation and covariate adjustment ranged from 1% to 36%. Another contribution of our paper is to prove the consistency and asymptotic normality of the KaplanMeier estimator under stratified randomization. Its asymptotic variance was also derived. We conjecture that this result can be generalised to cover covariate-adjusted estimators for the survival function, such as estimators by Lu and Tsiatis (2011); Zhang (2015).


From the Book:
PREFACE:
Over the next decade the computing landscape will change dramatically as devices become ubiquitous, network-connected, and ready to communicate. As the landscape changes, the way in which we design and build software will change as well: The distributed application (one that involves multiple processes and devices) will become the natural way we build systems, while the standalone desktop application will become nearly extinct.

Designing distributed software is remarkably hard, however. The fundamental characteristics of a networked environment (such as heterogeneity, partial failure, and latency) and the difficulty of "gluing together" multiple, independent processes into a robust, scalable application present the programmer with many challenges that don't arise when designing and building desktop applications.

JavaSpaces(TM) technology is a simple, expressive, and powerful tool that eases the burden of creating distributed applications. Processes are loosely coupled—communicating and synchronizing their activities using a persistent object store called a space, rather than through direct communication. This method of coordinating distributed processes leads to systems that are flexible, scalable, and reliable. While simple, the space-based model is powerful enough to implement advanced distributed applications—from e-commerce systems to groupware to heavy-duty parallel computations. Space-based programming also leverages the Jini(TM) technology's leasing, distributed event, and transaction features, making it suitable for building robust, commercial-quality distributed systems.

This book teaches you how touseJavaSpaces technology to design and build distributed applications. It is intended for computer professionals, students, and Java enthusiasts—anyone who wants experience building networked applications. Through experimentation with the code examples, you'll develop a repertoire of useful techniques and patterns for creating space-based systems. We assume that you already have some programming experience and basic working knowledge of Java programming language fundamentals, but this book doesn't require any specific knowledge of network programming.

JavaSpaces technology is new, and writing a book before the technology is in widespread use presents a unique challenge. We've approached the project from complementary perspectives. Two of the authors, Eric Freeman and Susanne Hupfer, spent much of the past decade designing and building space-based systems as part of the Linda research group at Yale University and used the JavaSpaces technology during the two years of its development. The third, Ken Arnold, was in charge of the JavaSpaces project at Sun Microsystems, working with a team of engineers to design and build the technology this book is all about.

In this book, we present the foundations of programming with JavaSpaces technology, and a set of common patterns and frameworks for approaching space-based programs. As the technology becomes more widely used, the JavaSpace programming community will discover new ways of using it. We would like future editions of this book to incorporate these new patterns, and we invite you to send comments, suggestions, and ideas to email@example.com and to make use of the book's web site at ...


Data from a survey of 143 enterprises indicates that foreign-owned firms are likely to devote more resources to, and be more advanced in, modern human resource management techniques while being similar in the extent to which unions are recognised for collective bargaining.


In this paper we are changing the contraction condition which is more generalized. We are proving a common fixed point theorem by using a general contraction condition. Many authors prove fixed point theorems on complete fuzzy metric space using different contraction conditions.


We experimentally demonstrate coherent control of the nonlinear response of resonant nanostructures beyond the weak-field regime. Furthermore, we develop a novel theoretical approach capturing the induced nonlinearities of shaped ultrafast pulses with resonant nanostructured media.


In this paper a new multiple description coding (MDC) method for High Definition (HD) image is presented. The proposed approach is based on the Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Tree (SPIHT) algorithm, which achieve a high image compression ratio. In this approach the coding is done by using SPIHT algorithm but the image is passes in different way. In this scheme first of all the original image is under go through the poly-phase sampling technique [1] to generate multiple descriptions to varying internet environments. After poly-phase sampling all the descriptions are passes through SPIHT algorithm but her all the descriptions are further divide into number of descriptions. It results in having a capability to conquer packet losses and remaining the reconstructed image with an acceptable quality. In order to preserve the progressive reconstruction properties for a HD image transmission the separate packets of LL band, which having more information as compare to other bands(property of SPIHT) for all the descriptions generated after poly-phase sampling. The proposed method is very helpful for transmission and storing of HD images. It can be resolve two main problems occurs, one for transmission in error environments and other, memory required for storing the data. The experimental results are given to illustrate the characteristics and verity the efficiency of the proposed method.


Most tertiary students dream about their futures at some time during their studies, and the creation of a portfolio can play an important role in the formation of future identity. In today's culture, technology is rapidly expanding and changing and our society is becoming progressively more networked, digitilised and globalised. Teaching and learning processes are affected by technological developments. and the portfolio has been modified to utilise this technology (Penny & Kinslow, 2006). The process of developing electronic portfolios promoted a technology-enriched environment for creative arts students to cultivate their learning and knowledge. This paper reports from an OLT (formerly ALTC) funded project at its mid-way point. The project is introducing ePortfolios to students through existing curriculum in the creative and performing arts at four universities in Australia. The project forms part of continuing work to research practices in technology supported teaching and learning.


Holocene palaeoflood slackwater deposits were found in Jinshan Gorges in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.They were identified by sedimentary criteria during fieldwork initially.A bedset of 4 palaeoflood SWD was seen in the cliff section of a high flood bench.Each of the SWD represents one individual palaeoflood event.The analytical results of grain-size distribution,magnetic susceptibility,loss-on-ignition and calcium carbonate indicated that the SWD were deposited from the suspended sediment load in the floodwater.They were well sorted because of long-distance transportation in floodwater.They were classified as sandy silt in contrast to the medium sand of the riverbed deposit,and also very contrast to the loess and palaeosol which were classified as clayey silt on the loess tableland in the east part of the Guanzhong Basin.The SWD of the Yellow River was coarser than that of the Jinghe River,Luohe River and the Qishuihe River because they were sourced from the loess region and the desert zone in the drainage basin.The magnetic susceptibility of the SWD was very low because they were newly deposited and un-affected by weathering and pedogenesis.


Point defects in Fe and dilute FeCu alloys are investigated hy ab initio calculations based on density functional theory. The relaxed vacancy and interstitial and substitutional Cu atom formation energies are determined as well as some migration energies. The binding energies of various Cu containing defects believed to play an important role in the embrittlement of pressure vessel steels under radiation are calculated and discussed. The results are consistent with a Cu transport via a vacancy mechanism. The introduction of a Cu atom decreases the energy difference between the dumbbell and the dumbbell configurations, and should make the dumbbell rotation motion easier. The ab initio results are compared to the figures obtained with empirical interatomic potentials. The convergence of the results with the simulated system size is examined.


The present invention, in detail an index of the present invention relates to a measurement method using the conditions as adrenal determine possible indicators and the indicator in a quick and objective conditions of the adrenal individual two-dimensional map in to; A first and a second sum of a Gaussian function cortisol distribution function of the Gaussian function of the following; And to a third a Gaussian function and the fourth Gaussian isobutane as the sum aldehyde function Andros Theron distribution function; the concentration of, and including, the two-dimensional map of the x-axis, cortisol (cortisol), a y-axis represents the formaldehyde of said two-dimensional map iso Andros Theron; the concentration of (DHEA dehydroepiandrosterone), the ratio of isophthalic Andros testosterone concentration in cortisol levels and formaldehyde has as its value, the cortisol distribution functions are each a concentration distribution of a cortisol measured from the saliva of the control group with no disease of a second sum of the first Gaussian function and a second Gaussian function obtained by fitting a single Gaussian distribution in which the weight value, to the aldehyde iso Andros Theron distribution function is the concentration distribution of the iso Andros theron with formaldehyde measured from the saliva of the control group a third Gaussian function obtained by fitting to two Gaussian distribution with a respective weight, and the fourth Gaussian The sum of a function, a region consisting of the x-axis and y-axis of the two-dimensional map of the first particular percentile of the Gaussian function and the second Gaussian function junction, the first or second Gaussian function (percentile), wherein there are three Gaussian functions, and the fourth intersection point of a Gaussian function, wherein the characteristic, divided into 3 or 4, a particular percentile of the Gaussian function (percentile), or a predetermined area (region) by a combination of the two. Indicators of the invention may provide a rapid and objective criteria in clinical and health status of patients evaluated with a related disorder and a variety of research areas, and adrenal glands of non-clinical phase, a useful indicator to determine the adrenal conditions that are associated with stress It may be used to. Saliva cortisol, isobutyl aldehyde to Andros testosterone, adrenal, indicators


Purpose: To find out how Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) method is useful to monitor immunization services by local managers at Primary Health Centre level. Objectives: 1. To identify the areas of low coverage of immunization under selected PHC's 2. To find various reasons for immunization failure in areas with low coverage Methods: Study design: Lot quality assurance sampling method. Study setting: Rural area. Sample size: 338 children 12-23 months of age. Results: LQAS is a useful method for routine monitoring of immunization services on a small area basis, especially as the overall coverage increases. In the present study, it helped us to identify the areas with low coverage seen in 4 Subcentres out of 13 studied. The overall immunization coverage was 86.01 % and the dropout rate was 8.66 %.The predominant reasons for immunization failure were mother out of village on scheduled day of vaccination and unaware to return for next dose. Conclusions: The lot quality assurance sampling method helps the medical officers of PHC to identify areas with low vaccination coverage. This helps us to direct interventions in these areas on priority basis when resources are limited as in developing countries.


This research paper extracts novel analytical and semi-analytical wave solutions of the longitudinal wave equation in a magneto-electro-elastic circular rod by using the modified Khater method as one of the most novel and general computational methods and the Adomian decomposition method as a semi-analytical method. The longitudinal waves in metallic thin films are explained for the first time by Nilsson and Lindau, who used the visual evidence. They noted subdued anomalies in the ports of thin ([Formula: see text]100 Å) Ag layers deposited on amorphous silica for p-polarized light at frequencies padlock to the dynamic plasma frequency. These properties are studied by our two suggested methods and are explained by sketching some of our obtained solutions. Moreover, the stability property is tested for our obtained solutions by using the features of the Hamiltonian system. The performance of our used methods shows the power and effectiveness of these methods and their ability to apply on many different forms of nonlinear partial differential equations.


Intrinsic complete characterizations of constructive, context-free and regular languages have been formulated by means of configurations of languages. The definition of a semiconfiguration is given here by generalizing the definition of a configuration. By means of semiconfigurations, an intrinsic complete characterization of context-sensitive languages is formulated. 1. Languages and generalized grammars. If V is a set we denote by V* the free monoid over V, i.e. the set of all finite sequences of elements of the set V including the empty sequence A this set being provided by the binary operation of concatenation. We identify one-member-sequences with elements of V; it follows V £ V*. If x = X]X2, ... x " e V* where n is a natural number and xt e V for i = An ordered pair (V L) where V is a set and L £ V* is called a language. The elements of V* are called strings. If (V, L), (U, M) are languages then we define the intersection (V, L) n (U, M) of these languages by the formula (V L) n (U, M) = = (Vn U,LnM). Let Vbe a set, suppose R £ V* x V*. Let us have x, y e V*. We writte x-• y(R) if (x, y) e R. Further, we put x =* • y(R) if there exist such strings u, v, t, z e V* that x = utv, uzv =-y, t-> z(R). Finally, we write x =>* • y(R) if there exist an integer p ^ 0 and some strings x = t0, tu ..., tp = y in V* that tt_x=> r,(R) for i = 1,2,... ..., p. Then the sequence of strings (t,)f=o is called an x-derivation of y of length pinR.


Bancassurance is understood as the relationship between a bank and an insurance company that decide to support each other by the fact that both carried out financial activities. It is a very important phenomenon in the Spanish financial history, where banks have dominated the scene with the formation of large groups with subsidiaries in the industry and the financial services. The bank-industry relationship has earned much attention, but the bancassurance relationship has never been studied in depth. This work analyzes, with archival sources, the Hispano-Estrella case, i.e., the relationship established between the Banco Hispano Americano, which led its ranking for many years, and La Estrella, an insurance company that at times was second in its ranking. This study of a relevant and protracted (more than 90 years) case and helps to understand how the bancassurance limited the development of the Spanish insurance, because the strategy of the bank (the strong partner) always tended to be imposed on that of the insurance company (the weak partner).


Due to the rapid spread of globalization and the attendant 'global English,' the need for English is often accepted without much thought being given to native languages. Indeed, this is the current situation in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), with English encroaching into all areas of society, and especially forcefully into the education sector, where English as a medium of instruction (EMI) is on the rise. At the same time, Arabic literacy, the ability to read and write in the language, is declining among UAE youth. Using a mixed-methods design, a study was conducted to gain insights into the use of Arabic by Emirati university students. The study examines how Emirati youth use their native language (i.e., Arabic) in their daily lives, their perception of their own reading and writing skills in Arabic vis-à-vis in English language, and the extent to which they can demonstrate their literacy skills in Arabic. Clear evidence emerged showing that while Arabic as a dialect continues to be spoken and used on a daily basis, Arabic literacy is unquestionably losing ground. This paper concludes with a call for a language policy in the UAE that will give Arabic its due in schools and wider society.


Addition Reactions of 3-Dimethylamino-2, 2-dimethyl- 2 H-azirine and Isothiocyanates.

The title azirine readily reacts with two molecules of benzyl- or methylisothiocyanate to form the zwitterionic 1:2 addition compounds 4 and 13, respectively (Scheme 2). The presumed 1:1 addition products, which are intermediates in the formation of 4 and 13, cannot be detected. The structure of 4 and 13 follows from their spectroscopic and chemical properties. With water they give the thiourea derivates 5 and 14, respectively; treatment with aqueous acid leads to the Δ2-1, 3-thiazolin-5-on-derivates 7 and 15, respectively. With sodium borohydride compounds 8 and 16, respectively, are obtained (Scheme 2).

The zwitterionic compounds 4 and 13 are able to react further with one molecule of the isothiocyanates to give, in high-yield, triazines 9 and 18, respectively (Scheme 3). The structure of these compounds was again derived from their spectroscopic data. The mechanism for the formation of 9 and 18 is given in Scheme 3. Acid catalysed hydrolysis of 9 and 18 lead to the trithiocyanuric acid derivates 12 and 20, and to the spiro compounds 11 and 19, respectively (Sceme 6).

Reaction of 4 with one molecule of phenylisocyanate gives triazine 10 (Scheme 5).

According to the X-ray analysis of the methyl compound 18, there are strong steric interactions in this molecule which are due to the side chain. This is demonstrated by the small distances between C(2) … C(13), N(7) … C(11), and C(8) … C(11) (Table 4). These steric interactions, in addition, cause widening of the bond angles N(1)C(2)N(7) and C(9)N(10)C(11) (Fig.2). Furthermore, the triazine ring is no longer planar. This deformation of the ring diminishes repulsion between the methyl groups C(13) and C(15).


This thesis analyzed the causes of land transfer in the perspective of surplus labor from rural areas and the adhesion of agricultural land resources,it appeares that the large number of rural surplus labor force lead to the decrease of the adhesion of agricultural land resources,plus the city's attractive to the agricultural labor force which may cause the requrirements of shifting outwards,and the shifting will inevitably lead to the transfer of agricultural land.


The study determined the effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Instructional package (Games/Simulations) as Remedial teaching for learning disabled children among fifth grade students. Two null hypotheses were tested. The study adopted the pre-test-post-test-control group design. Simple random sample of sixty four (64) students were drawn from seven schools in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. The researcher developed computer assisted instructional package (Game/Simulations) for Learning Disabled Children which was used as an instrument for experimental group while control group were exposed to traditional teaching method. The instrument for data collection was DTLD Test. The t-test statistics was used to analyse the hypothesis. The findings revealed that experimental group performed better than the control group.


In addition to the references to Mackenzie mentioned in the first part of this paper, I found another one in Schurmann (1962, p. 13) that reads as follows: "In the late 1940s, an American named Mackenzie, then teaching in Kabul, was reputed to have come across some Mongol settlements in the Turkestan region. He made some photographs and compiled a small vocabulary. However, although he communicated his discovery to a number of scholars, none of his material has been published, to my knowledge." This statement is also cited in Doerfer (1971, p. 228). It is to be hoped that this series of papers might lead to the discovery of Mackenzie's photographs. Their localisation would be of indispensible importance for the ethnography, history and culture of the Turkic, Hazara and Moghol people of the northern part of Afghanistan. After writing this short introduction in the middle of 2014, the work had to be put aside due to other obligations. Not much new can now, after about four years, be said about A. F. Mackenzie. His second name was Franklin as it is stated by Dupree (1973, p. 74) who knew Mackenzie from their common time in Afghanistan where both seem to have worked for or been in contact with an American organisation called Meridian.


Power reserves such as money, information, support, knowledge, and time are essential in handling conflicts. These power reserves are, as a rule, limited in that they are insufficient in handling existing multi‐conflicting relationships. This paper presents an episodic model for the rational planning of power reserves that can aid in effective power use. How much and to what extent this power should be used depends on the following: (1) determining the significance of the various activity fields (i.e., arenas) in which conflict arises; (2) calculating the decision maker's conflict intensity with the other party(ies) in the attainment of each goal; (3) identifying the facilitating or inhibitory factors in power use; and (4) estimating the likely consequences of using power to resolve any conflict.


Cluster analysis is a generic term for a wide range of numerical methods for examining data with a view of detecting, uncovering or discovering groups or 'clusters' of objects or individuals that are 1) homogeneous – elements in the same cluster are highly similar to each other and 2) separate – elements from different clusters have low similarity with each other. The first use of the term cluster analysis appears to have been by the psychologist Tryon more than 60 years ago, although the method he described was closer to what we would today call exploratory factor analysis. However, it is perhaps apt that Tryon's term has been retained, as the development of clustering methods has involved psychologists as well as being driven by researchers in other areas, such as taxonomy, medicine, psychiatry and market research. Indeed, many of the clustering methods in use today have resulted from a crossfertilization between these disciplines on the one hand, and mathematics and statistics on the other. However, combined with the many welcome examples of crossfertilization and collaboration between, for example, statisticians and biologists, or mathematicians and psychiatrists, the wide range of disciplines interested in clustering (many of which do not normally communicate with each other) has resulted in a considerable amount of ad hoc development and often to the reinvention of methods well known in another field. As somebody once remarked 'there may be as many clustering methods as there are cluster analysis users'. Some of the main developments in cluster analysis took place in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1963, for example, Sokal and Sneath published their classic work, Principles of numerical taxonomy, with a second extended edition following a decade later. In the early 1970s, the Cambridge mathematicians, Jardine and Sibson published a series of papers attempting to construct a formal framework for clustering. An extended version of their work appeared in 1971. Although mathematically elegant, this work appears to have had little impact in practice primarily, perhaps, because it suggested that single linkage clustering was the only mathematically acceptable approach, a suggestion largely rejected by users of cluster analysis on pragmatic grounds as this particular method generally performed poorly when applied to data. A paper that had more lasting impact was that of Friedman and Rubin, who introduced test statistics from multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis into clustering, with solutions being sought that maximized (minimized) one of these numerical criteria. Such methods remain popular even today. In 1971, the British statistician Cormack published a withering review of clustering, in which he castigated both users of the techniques and most of the methods that had Statistical Methods in Medical Research 2004; 13: 343^345


In the past few decades, it has been demonstrated with animal models and clinical studies that a chronic inflammatory process significantly contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.


Reducing the current is a common method to ensure the synchronous stability of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) when there is a short-circuit fault at its AC side. However, the uncertainty of the fault location of the AC system leads to a significant difference in the maximum allowable stable operating current during the fault. This paper proposes an adaptive MMC fault-current control method using local phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurements. Based on the estimated Thevenin equivalent (TE) parameters of the system, the current can be directly calculated to ensure the maximum output power of the MMC during the fault. This control method does not rely on off-line simulation and adapts itself to various fault conditions. The effective measurements are firstly selected by the voltage threshold and parameter constraints, which allow us to handle the error due to the change on the system-side. The proposed TE estimation method can fast track the change of the system impedance without depending on the initial value and can deal with the TE potential changes after a large disturbance. The simulation shows that the TE estimation can accurately track the TE parameters after the fault, and the current control instruction during an MMC fault can ensure the maximum output power of the MMC.


Re-oxidation inclusions in steel are extremely detrimental to the quality of final products due to their complex compositions and large sizes. The detailed knowledge of the re-oxidation process and the evolution of re-oxidation inclusions are preconditions for the removing of inclusions and controlling of steel cleanness. This paper simulates the re-oxidation behavior and tracks the evolution of re-oxidation inclusions in Al-killed titanium alloyed steel by controlling the contact between molten steel and air atmosphere. The experimental results show that the elements aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and manganese (Mn) are almost oxidized simultaneously after the exposure of molten steel to air. Large spherical Al-Ti-Mn-Fe-O oxides lump Al2 O3 , and spherical Mn-Fe-O inclusions appear successively after re-oxidation happens in Al-killed titanium alloyed molten steel. Inclusions in re-oxidation are greatly different from the ones in start material, which include clustered Al2 O3 , granular Al2 O3 or TiN-type inclusions. The mechanisms of agglomeration and growth of inclusions are inferred from the grooves and voids on the surfaces of inclusions. Rod-like inclusions are formed when inclusions collide with each other end-to-end. The characteristics of re-oxidation inclusions in plant samples differ from those in laboratory samples because a series of reactions between inclusions and the elements Al and Ti in molten steel happen continuously.


The delays inherent in current methods for the quality control of portland cement concrete allow large volumes to be placed before problems are discovered. This paper discusses an instrument and a test method for obtaining early quality information: The device is a nuclear backscatter-and-absorption gauge that measures the cement content of plastic concrete. The paper includes a description of the device, a summary of two laboratory evaluation studies, and a discussion of the data obtained by using the gauge on five highway construction projects. Laboratory evaluations established the accuracy of the gauge, its field worthiness and dependence on aggregate composition, and its lack of dependence on concrete density, temperature, and other batching variables. The results showed accuracies of plus or minus 13 kg/cu m (plus or minus 22 lb/cu yd) for most siliceous aggregate mixes and plus or minus 18 kg/cu m (plus or minus 31 lb/cu yd) for calcareous aggregate mixes. In most cases, nuclear-gauge determinations on the field sites agreed with calculated cement factors established from batch tickets. Discrepancies encountered on two of the field projects are discussed. The major limitations of the gauge are the necessity for recalibration whenever the aggregate source or the ratio of coarse to fine aggregates is changed and its reduced accuracy for calcareous and certain siliceous aggregates. /Author/


This paper uses the men's cotton shirt exported to Japan as an example to study the international market power of China's garment industry. The paper finds out that the market power is weak and decreasing in recent years. Owing to the weakness of the market power, China could not fully exert its comparative advantage, and the exact gains from garment trade deviate from what it should be. Facing this unfavorable situation, the paper explores the causes of weak market power of China's garment industry in three ways, the low concentration degree of domestic garment industry, the low position of China's garment industry in international garment value chain, and the primary factor-dependent of domestic garment industry. Accordingly, the suggestions of developing the market power are proposed in the last section.


The wireless power transmission (WPT) of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) tends to have non-negligible eddy current loss with increasing frequency or coil current due to the conductivity of seawater. In this paper, the inductor-capacitor-capacitor and parallel (LCC-P) topology and the magnetic coupler with an H-shaped receiver structure are chosen to achieve a compact system on the receiving side. The conditions for constant current output of the LCC-P topology are analyzed based on the cascaded circuit analysis method. The traditional parameter design method does not consider the influence of eddy current loss on the system circuit model, by introducing the equivalent eddy current loss resistance at both the transmitting side and receiving side, a modified circuit model of the WPT system in the seawater condition was obtained. Afterward, a nonlinear programming model with the optimal efficiency of the constant current mode as the objective function is established, and the genetic algorithm is used to obtain the optimal system parameters. An underwater AUV-WPT prototype was built and the finite element simulation and experimental results verified the theoretical analysis.


Objective To inverstigate the efficiency and safety of transcatheter uterine artery embolization (TUAE) as well as the pathological changes and it′s significance after embolization. Methods 44 cases of uterine fibroids were treated by TUAE using lipiodol pingyangmycin emulsion (LPE) and Gelfoam sponge paeticles. Seven of 44 cases underwent hysterectomy or myomectomy from 1 to 6 weeks after TUAE.The specimens were studied to observe pathological changes of fibroids and myometrium. 37 of 44 patients were followed up for 1 to 6 months to observe the changes of fibroid size and uterine volume. The changes of ovarian function and myometrium after TUAE were found out by observation on mensis, test of ovarian hormone, premenstrual diagnostic curettage and pathology of the resected specimens. Results Total improvement of symptams occurred in 91.9%(34/37), including control of menorrhagia in 91.4%(32/35), disappearance of lumbago and lower abdominal pain in 85 3%(29/34),relief of freguency and urgency of micturition in 50.0%(7/14). Average decrease of fibroid and uterine volume at 6 months after TUAE was 61.3% and 50.6% respectively. No amenorrhea happened. Premenstrual diagnostic curettage showed secretory endomtrium. There was no significant difference in ovarian hormon level befor and after embolization. Pathological study showed that lipiodol was found to deposit in fibroids and was not seen in myometrium. Spotty necrosis 2 weeks occurred in fibroid and extensive patchy necrosis 3 weeks after embolization. The necrotic area became larger with elapse of time postoperative. Necrosis was not seen in myometrium. Conclusion TUAE is a new ,and effective procedure for uterine fibroid and LPE as an embolizing agent is safe without damage on myometrium.


Molecular tools are critical for the analysis of agents of vector-borne diseases in both the hosts and vectors of these agents. A pre-requisite for such analyses is effective methods for the extraction of high quality, inhibition-free nucleic acids. Arthropods are the vectors of multiple infectious disease agents and the extraction of nucleic acids from arthropods requires adequate disruption of the exoskeleton and maceration of tissues to release nucleic acids from the cells. Automation of small arthropod maceration is particularly problematic as these specimens have buoyant bodies and hydrophobic exoskeletons which make them difficult targets for standard beads used in many mechanical tissue disruption methods. Incomplete homogenization results in reduced nucleic acid yields and limits the ability to detect infecting organisms. The use of efficient high-throughput processing techniques for disease vectors is critical for the screening of field collected or laboratory test specimens. The homogeneous disruption of individual small ar


Zn /spl delta/-doped GaAs was investigated by photomodulation spectroscopy. At the high-energy side of the fundamental band gap of GaAs, two transitions were observed, The potential and energy structure of Zn /spl delta/-doped GaAs were calculated self-consistently using effective mass approximation. The absorption coefficient of Zn /spl delta/-doped GaAs and its differential were also calculated. The energy positions of transitions from the first level of heavy and light holes are obtained respectively, The experimental and calculated results are in good agreement.


Support provided by the specialist teachers is considered ineffective (Gossot, 1996; Ferrier, 1998). Recent educational policy gives responsibility for learning support back to the ordinary teacher and perturbs the core activity of the maitre E and maybe also that of the ordinary teacher.
The question of working in partnership becomes essential, so, in the research presented here, we examine how a specialist teacher "maitre E" takes in account this new part of his job


• Supporting and collaborating with faculty in teaching, research, and practice; • Instructing students as they pursue learning and research to ensure that they acquire information competencies that will be of value throughout their personal and professional lives; • Conducting original research that contributes to the overall understanding of library and information science; and • Engaging in outreach to the community." (Page 2, Strategic Plan)


AbstractNitrifying bacteria were enriched in a sequencing batch reactor and used to quantify N2O emission specifically by wastewater nitrification while minimizing or preventing the chances of denitrification during the experiment. Batch wastewater nitrification was carried out in a reactor (working volume 0.5 L) at different aeration rates (10 and 20 mL/min) and -N concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg/L). Wastewater nitrification efficiencies were more than 97% in all the cases except at 100 mg/L with 10 mL/min aeration rate (92%). Cumulative N2O emission reached 0.2, 1.15, and 2.67 mg (aeration: 10 mL/min) and 0.37, 2.18, and 3.08 mg (aeration: 20 mL/min) at the initial -N concentration of 25, 50, and 100 mg/L, respectively. N2O emission yields (kg N2O-N per kg processed -N) were 0.016–0.058 and 0.029–0.088 at 10 and 20 mL/min aeration rate, respectively. The yields were higher than that of denitrification. The results showed that cumulative N2O emission and the yield increased at higher ammonium concentr...


If we search for theocentricism and anthropocentricism as a basis of Christian attitudes toward nature in creationist vision of God, the incarnational vision of God such division is not possible as in the mystery of Incarnation and Redemption God – Man appears, who personifies both human and divine sides. The Incarnation results in the whole cosmos being the Body of the Cosmic Jesus Christ, in the Cosmic Liturgy being fulfilled, and the integral vision of nature has its basis in the cosmic christiology.


Aims: Bacterial translocation from the intestinal tract plays an important role in severe acute pancreatitis (AP). Human β-defensins are a family of antimicrobial peptides present at the mucosal surface. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DEFB1 gene and copy number polymorphisms of the DEFB4 genes in AP. Methods: 124 AP patients (30 with mild and 94 with severe disease) and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Three SNPs of the DEFB1 gene [G–20A (c.–20G→A), C–44G (c.–44C→G) and G–52A (c.–52G→A)] were genotyped by Custom TaqMan® assay. The DEFB4 gene copy number was determined by means of a TaqMan real-time PCR assay. Results: Significantly higher frequencies of the AA genotype of G–20A (c.–20G→A) and the AA genotype of G–52A (c.–52G→A) were observed among the patients with severe AP (SAP) compared with the healthy controls (38 vs. 20 and 41 vs. 18%, respectively). The GG protective genotype of C–44G (c.–44C→G) SNP was much less frequent (1%) among the patients than among the controls (9%). A higher frequency of a lower (<4) copy number of the DEFB4 gene was observed in the patients with SAP compared with the healthy controls (62 vs. 24%, respectively). Conclusions: The variations in the genes encoding human β-defensin-1 and -2 may be associated with the risk of SAP.


Bioelectrics has become a notable field of pulsed power application at the present day. Cancer therapy using apoptosis with nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) has been studied in laboratories. We introduced embryonic chick assay to study in vivo. The embryonic chick assay has several advantages and is categorized as in vivo experiment. Many samples can be prepared with low cost by the assay. This study adopted EMT6/KU (mouse breast adenocarcinoma cells) as tumor cells, which formed a solid tumor on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of a fertilized hen egg in the assay. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields with width of 1.5 ns were applied on the solid tumor on CAM with needle electrodes. Stainless wires of 1 mm in diameter were used as the needle electrodes. The two or four needle electrodes were used in this experiment. The solid tumor was dissected and extracted from the egg on a three days after application of nsPEF and was then weighed. The controls of tumor sample were also prepared without nsPEF application. Significance test on the weight of tumors was adopted to determine the effect of nsPEFs application. The difference of weight between the tumor with nsPEF application and control was significantly confirmed. The difference enlarged with the charging voltage of pulsed power generator.


Obesity is accompanied by and accelerated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, especially visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This low‐level inflammation predisposes the host to the development of metabolic disease, most notably type 2 diabetes. We have focused on the capacity of glycolipid‐reactive, CD1d‐restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells to modulate obesity and its associated metabolic sequelae. We previously reported that CD1d knockout (KO) mice are partially protected against the development of obesity‐associated insulin resistance, and these findings were recapitulated in mice with an adipocyte‐specific CD1d deficiency, suggesting that NKT cell–adipocyte interactions play a critical role in exacerbating disease. However, many other CD1d‐expressing cells contribute to the in vivo responses of NKT cells to lipid antigens. In the present study, we examined the role of CD1d expression by macrophages (Mϕ) in the development of obesity‐associated metabolic inflammation using LysMcre‐cd1d1f/f mice where the CD1d1 gene is disrupted in a Mϕ‐specific manner. Unexpectedly, these animals contained a higher frequency of T‐bet+ CD4+ T cells in VAT with increased production of Th1 cytokines that aggravated VAT inflammation. Mϕ from mutant mice displayed increased production of IL‐12p40, suggesting M1 polarization. These findings indicate that interactions of CD1d on Mϕ with NKT cells play a beneficial role in obesity‐associated VAT inflammation and insulin resistance with a sharp contrast to an aggravating role of CD1d in another type of antigen‐presenting cell, dendritic cells.


Inter and intraindividual intake variance is a factor in evaluating the nutritional risk of individual subjects and in the assessment of nutritional risk in prospective studies. Several studies have shown that inter and intraindividual variance depends on the population studied. However, in Mexico there are no reported data of inter and intraindividual variance in different high risk population groups. The purpose of the present study was to determine the inter and inh-aindividual variance in retired noninstitutionalized teachers over 60 years of age in the city of Tijuana, BC, Mexico. Four-day dietary records were conducted on 38 women between 60 and 94 years of age. All the participants were trained to weigh and register their food before and after each meal. Two working days and two weekend days were randomly selected and included for each participant. The dietary registry was then checked by one researcher and each subject to complete or adjust for any misunderstanding. There were 152 days recorded, by Nutritionist IV software program, with the addition of different foods and meal combinations from other composition tables, or estimating equivalent foods according to their nutritional content. Inter and intraindividual variation coefficients were calculated for energy and nutrient content (protein, carbohydrate, fat, cholesterol and fiber). The calculation of the estimated number of days required to provide a true mean consumption for calories, carbohydrate, fat, protein, cholesterol and dietary fiber was also conducted. The intraindividual coefficient variation was found to be 26.9 for energy, 30.5 for carbohydrate, 39.4 protein, 43.3 fat, 49.0 fiber, and 62.0 for cholesterol. This study suggests that the number of dietary days needed to estimate the mean intakes at the 95% confidence level, within 30% of the true mean intake, is 3 days for energy, 4 days for carbohydrate, 7 for protein, 8 for fat, 10 for fiber, and 16 days for cholesterol.


The deteriorating effects of friction on the control of mechanical systems is a major problem in a multitude of applications such as high-performance robotics and pointing systems. This thesis aims at improving control by using a nonlinear friction observer to detect friction in the system and use this information to modify the control input. After some initial attempts with the LuGre friction model, the observer was decided to be based on the Dahl model of friction. Simulations and experiments were made using the unstable Furuta pendulum and the efficiency of the observer aproach was compared to other standard methods for friction compensation. Although being able to serve its purpose very well in the simulated environment the observer friction compensation could not outperform the other compensation methods in the experiments, only being capable of slightly improving the control of the pendulum. The cause of this lack of success is still unclear. (Less)


Abstract The reflector on an impulse radiating antennas (IRAs) is normally designed to be paraboloidal in shape, and are oriented so that the electrical feed point of the TEM feed line coincides with the focal point of the paraboloid. In many practical cases, the feed point and focal points are not exactly aligned, producing some defocus of the reflector. There are two types of defocus that can be analyzed exactly in the geometric optics approximation: converting the paraboloid into either a hyperboloid or a prolate spheroidal (elliptical cross-section) reflector. The paraboloidal reflector converts the spherical wave emanating from the feed point into a plane wave (i.e. a spherical wave focused at ∞). The hyperboloid converts the expanding spherical wave into a second expanding wave which appears to emanate from the second focal point of the hyperboloid (which is behind the reflector); the prolate spheroid converts the expanding spherical wave into a second spherical wave that converges on the second focal point of the spheroid (which is in front of the reflector). The two cases are roughly equivalent to moving the electrical feed closer to the reflector (hyperboloid) or further from the reflector (prolate spheroid). In this paper, we examine the effect of hyperboloidal defocus. Previously [1], we derived the Eand H-plane responses from an in-focus IRA, and demonstrated that these responses are symmetric with respect to the center of the response. The results shown here demonstrate that the defocusing causes these responses to become asymmetric. These results explain the responses that have been measured from supposedly in-focus IRAs in the past.


The COVID‐19 pandemic is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, which has had a negative impact worldwide. Our aim was to describe clinical findings and outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐CoV‐2 viral infection and COVID‐19 cared for at a large pediatric tertiary care hospital during the first year of the pandemic. Patients aged 1 month to 18 years who were diagnosed as having COVID‐19 between March 2020 and April 2021 were included. The files of patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Four hundred sixty seven children were included in the study. There were 34 (7.3%) patients under 1 year of age, 111 (23.8%) between 1 and 5 years, 98 (30.4%) between 5 and 10 years, 142 (30.4%) between 11 and 15 years, and 82 (17.6%) age over 15 years. Fever (88.2%), vomiting (32.4%), and diarrhea (29.4%) in patients aged under 1 year, sore throat (36.6%) in patients aged 11−15 years, and dysgeusia (11%), anosmia (14.6%), headache (18.3%), malaise (40.8%), myalgia (28%), and shortness of breath (17.1%) in those aged over 15 years were found to be significantly more common in comparison with the other age groups (p < 0.05). Thirty‐five (7.5%) patients were asymptomatic, 365 (78.1%) had mild disease, 35 (7.5%) were moderate, 27 (5.8%) were severe, and five (1.07%) were critical. Leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ferritin, and C‐reactive protein values were significantly higher in hospitalized patients. Three patients died during the study period (0.64%). While SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may be asymptomatic and COVID‐19 usually has a mild clinical course, some children have severe disease or mortality.


Abstract Factors influencing avian abundance and diversity in central Saudi Arabia were investigated over a 28-month period using walked belt transects in five local habitat types in a 2200 km 2 fenced desert protected area established in 1989. Enclosure of the protected area has resulted in the development of a mosaic of densely vegetated grassland and savanna areas amongst the sand and gravel plains which dominate the surrounding landscape. Overall bird diversity showed biannual peaks corresponding to spring and autumn passage migration, when 30–40 species were recorded; troughs occurred in summer or winter (9–12 species) following poor spring or autumn rains. Bird numbers responded dramatically to heavy rainfall (> 20 mm in a month) occurring two months earlier, with major peaks recorded in autumn 1992 and May–June 1994. Numbers of granivorous species, principally larks, fluctuated mostly in relation to rainfall, whereas largely insectivorous species tended to remain more stable. A desert locust plague in spring/summer 1993, combined with poor spring rains, resulted in the lowest numbers and species diversity recorded during the study.


Ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl fluorides decompose in a flow system into hydrogen fluoride and the corresponding olefin by a predominantly molecular mechanism. The first order rate constants are given by the Arrhenius equations: ethyl fluoride (520–600°C) : k/s–1= 1012.16±0.04exp–59 200±2000/RT, isopropyl fluoride(445–522°C) : k/s–1= 1011.83±0.02 exp–53 900±800/RT, t-butyl fluoride (329–370°C) : k/s–1= 1013.96±0.01 exp–50 400±900/RT.


The quantitative analysis on the 1 minute high frequency data of China stock index futures live trading shows that the price has presented the unusual fluctuations because it's manipulated, this has largely affected the price discovery function of the stock index futures. The Patterns and characteristics of price-fixing include cross-market manipulation, control and direct manipulation of maturity. The main reason is that the relevant regulations and trade system are imperfect, and the lack of multi-level structure of a wide range of investors. Therefore, the key measure to ward off the manipulation of stock index futures prices should be: law improvement, investor structure optimizing, and set-up of the early warning system on the stock index futures price manipulation.


Using test plants and serology six tobamoviruses of pepper (FO, Ob, P8, PI1, P14 and SL) and one of eggplant (A1) were compared with common tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-WU1). WU1, AI and FO were closely similar in their reactions in Capsicum spp. as were P14 and SL. Ob, Pll and P8 were also similar in this respect except in C. frutescens 'Tabasco' in which P8 differed-from Ob and Pll. Using micro-precipitation tests the virus strains could be roughly divided into three serological groups: Group I consisted of WUI, group II of A1, FO, P8, P14 and SL, and group III of PI 1 and Ob. With ELISA group II was further divisible into two subgroups, including A1 and FO, and P8, P14 and SL. It was concluded that similarities of strains in their reactions in Capsicum spp., were not necessarily confirmed by their serological relationships.


The article considers the results of comprehensive fisheries research held in 2009–2015 in the Sura River, the main water body of the Republic of Mordovia. The Sura River ranks the second place after the Moksha River. Forage base studies have shown the underutilization of zoobenthos and phytoplankton. According to the average indicators of the feed base over the above period, the production capacities of the river were calculated, and made about 113.5 tons, or 141.9 kg / ha. Of these, the native ichthyofauna (zooplankton, zoobenthos) effectively use 71.0 kg / ha. The total number of fish aged 3+ years with mass more than 10 g in the Sura within the borders of Mordovia is estimated at 1028.8 thousand species; ichthyomass is 39.1 t or 49 kg / ha. At the same time, the proportion of juveniles aged 0–2 +, as well as small fish species whose biomass is estimated at 81 kg / ha, is big. The increase in fish production was calculated and the total catch quotas were determined, according to the most valuable commercial species in the ichthyofauna - roach. Within the borders of Mordovia they make up to 16 tons, in the Middle Sura - up to 40 tons. When carrying out fish reproductive and conservation measures the stocks of aquatic biological resources in the river can increase by 2–3 times due to valuable large fish species, and the catch - from 20 kg / ha to 40-60 kg / ha


The focus of this study is to assess the organizational communication strategies used by Unki Mine for community engagement and development. Under the umbrella term of "Organizational Communication", this study discussed related literature such as effective communication, corporate communication, public relations and stakeholder engagement. Further, the study applies triangulation through the use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods to obtain information for empirical and validity purposes. The study is based on Unki Mine, one of the corporate mining companies in Zimbabwe. This article will attempt to respond to the extent to which Unki Mine communication strategies enable them to achieve effective communication with the community in which they operate. Furthermore, the article will also assess the communication strategies used by Unki Mine in relation to their effectiveness when communicating with surrounding communities. The study will extensively assess the challenges and prospects on communication strategies and channels used by Unki Mine Community Engagement and Development (CED) department, when communicating with local communities. Communication strategies such as development newsletter, the Anglo Social Way and the Community Engagement Forum and many others will be explored. The study will be informed by three theories namely development communication, Cognitive dissonance and two-way symmetrical model of communication. Interviews were carried out with Village 17 community members, Chironde Primary and Secondary Senior members, the Community Engagement Forum members and the Unki Mine management employees who participated in the study


Localisation is an essential and important research issue in Internet of Things (IoT). Most localisation schemes focus on outdoor IoT. However, indoor IoT is required in some applications such as target detection and tracking, and emerging smarter healthcare. As such, localisation approaches designed for indoor IoT are necessary. Note that the smarter healthcare emerges at an unprecedented speed while few localisation schemes can be directly exploited for them with accuracy guarantee. In this study, the authors propose a wearable indoor localisation approach to improve the localisation accuracy of previous work. In this approach, the wearable devices embedded into person are used to realise their displacement vector in mobile environments, thus estimating their own locations. In addition, the authors propose a walking prediction mechanism to increase localisation accuracy. The real-world experiment results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves lower localisation error in various moving speeds.