This article is devoted to the analysis of upper layer quality control for real-time video services based on MPEG Transport Stream during delivery via telecommunication networks with non-guaranteed Quality of Service (with packet loss, random error distribution, etc.). The main purpose of these studies is to propose possible normative values for indicators of quality of operation of real time video services in telecommunication environments that simplifying prediction and detection of service failures in operative way. Experimental part of work is based on simulation of service failures for real transport streams with different structures and performance with usage of measurement guidelines of related standard ETSI TR 101 290 [1]. As result of studies the estimations of quality indicators are obtained and corresponding recommendations/ propositions are formulated. The obtained results can be used during implementation and operational monitoring of real-time video services by service providers as basis for their own operational practices and during scientific studies for improvement performance of quality monitoring systems.


Do you understand how to apply the Guide to Measurement Uncertainty (GUM)? The analysis supporting the Primary Standards Lab's accredited uncertainty claims for its 10MHz frequency reference is used to examine some of the differences in the various GUMs, the tradeoffs between using a simplified vs. a more rigorous approach, and how some of the difficult issues such as drift were handled.


Although many studies have considered the carbon or greenhouse gas budgets of peat ecosystems, only a few have considered the nutrient budget of peat soils, and this, in turn, has limited the ability of studies to consider the impact of changes in climate and atmospheric deposition on the phosphorus budget of a peat soil. This study considered the total phosphorus (P) budget of an upland peat‐covered catchment over the period 1993 to 2012. The study has shown (i) total atmospheric deposition of phosphorus varied from 62 to 175 kg P/km2/yr; (ii) the carbon:phosphorus ratio of the peat profile declines significantly from values in the litter layer (C:P = 1326) to approximately constant at 30 cm depth (C:P = 4240); (iii) the total fluvial flux of phosphorus varied from 49 to 111 kg P/km2/yr, of which between 45 and 77% was dissolved P; and (iv) the total phosphorus sink varied from −5.6 to +71.7 kg P/km2/yr with a median of +29.4 kg P/km2/yr, which is within the range of the estimated long‐term accumulation rate of phosphorus in the peat profile of between 3 and 32 kg P/km2/yr. The phosphorus budget of the peat ecosystem relies on rapid recycling near the soil surface, and this means that any vegetation management may critically deprive the ecosystem of this nutrient.


Lymphocytes from lymph nodes draining the tumor region in patients with colorectal cancer were fused with two different human B‐lymphoblastoid cell lines, LICR‐LON‐HMy‐2 (HMy‐2) and WI‐L2–729‐HF2 (729‐HF2), to generate hybridomas synthesizing antibodies reacting with tumor‐associated antigens. In this way 220 hybridomas were obtained which produce antibody reacting with colon cancer cells. All established clones produced IgM. Four human monoclonal antibodies have been furhter analyzed. The cell lines producing these antibodies are all hybrids based on DNA analysis. Three of the antibodies (G4146, B9165 and D4213) showed binding to differentiation antigens by immunocytochemical analysis on different cancer cell lines and normal human leucocytes and by immunohistochemical analysis on sections of frozen malignant and normal tissues, while the fourth (F11348) showed a reaction with all cells and tissues tested. Western blots of tumor extracts showed binding of G4146 to two components from colon cancer cells with Mr of 59 K. and 61 K, while B9165 bound to a 43 K component and F11348 to several components with Mr from 30 to 200K. D4213 showd no binding in this analysis. The results obtained demonstrate the successful application of hybridoma technology to produce human monoclonals with reactivity to differentiation antigens.


We introduce the concept of P-expandable spaces as a variation of expandable spaces. A space (X, τ) is said to be P-expandable if every locally finite collection F = {Fα : α ∈ ∆} of subsets of X there exists a p-locally finite collection G = {Gα : α ∈ ∆} of preopen subsets of X such that Fα ⊆ Gα for each α ∈ ∆. We characterize P-expandable spaces and study their basic properties. We show that if a space (X, τ) is a quasi submaximal space, then (X, τ) is P-expandable if and only if it is expandable.


In this paper we lay out a case for the use of dataflow programming and the CAL language as a way of addressing current challenges in programming parallel hardware such as multicore systems and FPGAs. We show how the design of the CAL language balances conflicting concerns of expressiveness, analyzability, and implementability, making it a promising tool for the implementation of parallel stream processing applications. The language itself as well as the design considerations are presented and illustrated with a number of different use cases from a wide range of application domains.


Identifiers are an important source of information during program understanding and maintenance. Programmers often use identifiers to build their mental models of the software artifacts. We have performed a preliminary study to examine the relation between the terms in identifiers, their spread in entities, and fault proneness. We introduced term entropy and context-coverage to measure how scattered terms are across program entities and how unrelated are the methods and attributes containing these terms. Our results showed that methods and attributes containing terms with high entropy and context-coverage are more fault-prone. We plan to build on this study by extracting linguistic information form methods and classes. Using this information, we plan to establish traceability link from domain concepts to source code, and to propose linguistic based refactoring.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To compare and contrast the competence in clinical performance between pregraduate nursing students and hospital nurses. The study also explored the most difficult technical skills for the participants to perform.

BACKGROUND
Assessment, communication, and critical thinking are competencies that help in providing safe and appropriate care for patients. Yet, self-perceived competence was mostly measured while performance competence that reflected nurses' performance in real cases has seldom been explored in literature.

DESIGN
A cross-sectional design was applied. The study adhered to the STROBE guidelines to improve reporting quality.

METHOD
Fifty-two nurses and 50 nursing students completed the Computerized Model of Performance-Based Measurement system, which measures performance competence including the steps of critical thinking, conflict resolutions, and common clinical technical problems. Six case scenarios containing 107 test questions were completed.

RESULTS
Only 53.85% of nurses and 20.0% of students achieved a satisfactory level of performance competence. They showed low scores on the steps of critical thinking: "collecting data from onsite physical assessment," "processing information," "recognizing/prioritizing problems," and "arranging a course of action for patient care," as well as solving common technical problems and conflicts. The three most difficult skills to perform were CPR, reading EKGs, and venipuncture/starting intravenous lines.

CONCLUSIONS
The study captured the participants' weaknesses in the critical thinking process and the nursing skills that were difficult to perform. These skills are imperative to nursing care and need to be strengthened in school and in-service education. The academic curriculum and course design for students as well as training programs for nurses need to be reviewed to address the challenges to be faced in a clinical setting.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Teaching-learning strategies that focus on enhancing critical thinking and performing difficult skills need to be designed and implemented in both practice and in school.


Crum and colleagues1 argue that mindsets are important in medical treatment. They refer to several empirical studies indicating that the way patients are informed about their condition and treatment influences the outcome. Giving information about risk and side effects is not a wholly neutral act: it …


With the acceleration of globalization, access to information has increased and accessibility to information has become much easier. In this process, social interactions and the use of social media have become widespread in Turkey as well as all over the world. The generation defined as the Z generation shows great interest in the use of social media, and the mobility and information flow here are guiding on issues such as their individual preferences, cultural norms, and social development. On the one hand, the Z generation, which experiences socio-cultural globalization intensively, also faces global and local-regional environmental problems and the consequences of these problems. Environmental awareness of individuals who encounter environmental problems can vary according to various parameters such as gender, age, scale of place of residence, income level and occupation. However, it is very important for the current young generation to be aware of these problems and to take measures to solve the problems, to take a leading role in raising awareness, and to demonstrate the will to take collective action in the solution of environmental problems. One of the channels where young people can achieve this is the social media they actively use. It is expected that the environmental awareness of young people, who can easily access information such as photographs, videos or texts related to environmental sustainability in social media applications, and trainings and activities aimed at raising environmental awareness, will increase. In this context, the subject of the study is to investigate the effect of social media on the environmental awareness of university students called Z generation.


Kikuyu pastures at the Ukulinga research farm near Pietermaritzburg were fertilized with 150 and 300 kg nitrogen (N) ha -1 in the summer periods of 1985-86 and 1986-87, and were continuously grazed with steers at stocking rates of 5.4, 8.0 and 10.7 steers ha -1. In the second season the high N level pasture was also grazed under 12-paddock rotational grazing at stocking rates of 5.4, 8.0 and 13.4 steers ha -1. In the first season the high N level provided higher (P < 0.05) animal weight gains, but there was no difference between N levels in animal weight gain during the second season. Rotational grazing provided higher weight gains than continuous grazing in the second season. The increased weight gains obtained from high N fertilization and rotational grazing were probably caused by higher forage availability rather than higher forage quality.Keywords: average daily gain; continuous grazing; fertilization; forage quality; grazing; grazing effects; herbage availability; kikuyu; kikuyu pastures; nitrogen fertilization; pasture; pastures; pennisetum clandestinum; pietermaritzburg; rotational grazing; south africa; stocking rate; ukulinga research station


Objectives: To highlight on the level of stigma towards mental illness among Iraqi psychiatric patients and their relatives who visit the outpatient clinic of the Psychiatric Hospital and Baghdad Medical City Hospital in Baghdad / Al – Rusafa. To provide us with basic knowledge of stigma in the family context of Iraqi communities and to assess plans to avoid feeling stigmatized towards mental illness.


The control of vehicle cooling airflow is one of the key issues of under-hood thermal management as well as the reduction of cooling drag. Aerodynamic analysis using full vehicle CFD method was conducted to further improve the cooling efficiency of a production vehicle equipped with an air-guide. Existing under-hood airflow problem of the original vehicle was first analyzed, and then several modified schemes using various deflectors in the area between the front bumper and the condenser were proposed. The comparison of the under-hood airflow characteristics of each modified scheme and the original model was carried out. The simulation results revealed that sealing the cavity between the front bumper and the anti-collision beam could improve the airflow rate through the cooling module with a reduction in the total air intake volume from the grilles, while blocking the channel from the upper grille opening to the cavity could increase the airflow evenness through the cooling module. The aerodynamic and thermal tests in wind tunnels demonstrated that, for the best scheme with three deflectors at 40 km/h, the temperature of the coolant and the exhaust pipe were reduced by 6.6°C and 15°C, respectively, with a minor reduction in Cd,grilleopen, compared to those of the original vehicle. With less cooling airflow rate, the scheme with a single deflector blocking the upper channel of the cavity achieved similar cooling effect as the best scheme, the reductions of the coolant temperature and the exhaust temperature at 40 km/h were around 6.6°C and 13°C, respectively, with a similar value of Cd,grilleopen, compared to those of the original vehicle.


The present invention discloses a guardrail information producing method of an autonomous driving system which produces guardrail information around road through the extraction of a representative value for each section, and the accumulation of distance information sensed by radar, and uses the guardrail information around road for lane recognition. The present invention comprises a step of collecting foreground information, a driving speed, steering angle change, and a steering angle speed when an autonomous driving mode is executed and accumulating it for a predetermined period of time; a step of extracting information of a stopped object in the accumulated data only and extracting the information of the stopped object included in a common range only and divides the information to valid data; a step of setting a section according to longitudinal distribution of the valid data and extracting a representative value by calculating an average value of the valid data included in each section; and a step of filtering the representative values for each section and outputting curve information and producing the guardrail information.


In the title compound, C18H18N2O, the dihedral angle between the indole system and the phenyl ring is 17.2 (2)°. The crystal packing features two N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the molecules into layers parallel to (001). The absolute configuration was determined by the synthetic procedure and was set according to the starting material.


Periphyton is a type of algae that commonly inhabit the surface of immersed objects. A research aims to understand the periphyton community (types and abundance) in the seagrass ecosystem of the Malang Rapat Village has been conducted in May 2015. Samplings were conducted 3 times in 3 stations. In each station there were 3 transeck lines with 5 quadrants (1 m x 1 m) in each line. Periphyton samples were taken by scraping the seagrass surface by tooth brush in the area of 5x2 cm2. Periphyton collected were then preserved in lugol 2-3 drop/40 ml and then was identified. Result shown that there were 33 periphyton species present and they are belonged to 4 classes, namely Bacillariophyceae (28 species), Chlorophyceae (2 species), Cyanophyceae (2 species) and Dinophyceae (1 species). Periphyton abundance was 13,976-29,228 cells/ cm2. In general, the H' was 3.941-4.252; C was 0.063-0.090 and E was 0.815-0.873. The water quality parameters are as follows: temperature was 30.67-31.34 0C; brightness was 0.27-0.35 m; turbidity was 1.39-1.79 NTU; current speed was 0.11-0.12 m/s; depth was 0.27-0.35 m; pH was 8; DO was 7.60-7.96 mg/L; free CO2 was 4.3-4.8 mg/L; salinity was 30.4-30.67 ‰; nitrate was 0.026-0.031 mg/L and phosphate was 0.048-0.123 mg/L. Based on periphyton community, it can be concluded that the aquatic environment in the waters of Trikora Beach, Malang Rapat Village is balance. Keyword : Periphyton, Seagrass Ecosystem, Malang Rapat Village


AbstractA systematic plan for developing a district-wide approach to computer based instruction (CBI) is described in this manuscript. Procedures are summarized that provide local education agencies (LEAs) with direction related to planning, managing, administering, operating and evaluating a CBI system. Planning strategies address critical aspects such as a philosophy or mission statement, goals, objectives, personnel, equipment purchases, materials selection, staff development, budget considerations, timelines, and evaluation. Efforts related to these systematic planning procedures can assist LEAs in their quest for accountability, quality, and excellence in education. Subsequently, LEAs can support the old axiom referred to as the 5 P's: Prior Planning Precludes Poor Performance."


Filarial nematodescauseneglected tropical diseases (NTDs) such as river blindness, elephantiasis, and African eye worm. Global control and elimination efforts are well underway for the former two, and epidemiological models have played a crucial role in understanding the impact of interventions and guidingcontrol policy.However, for the latter (caused by Loa loa), there are no specific transmission models, and the disease has not been included among the prioritized NTDs. María-Gloria Basáñez and her Helminth Ecology Research Group at Imperial College [37_TD$DIFF]London work collaboratively on developing mathematical models for human and zoonotic helminthiases and other vector-borne NTDs. In this interview, the authors shared with Trends in Parasitology why loiasis may be more than meets the eye and howmodelling can best be leveragedtohelpcontrolhumanfilarial infections. What does your research focus on? Is there an interesting story behind why you chose this topic? [38_TD$DIFF]Our research is primarily concerned with modelling the transmission dynamics of the so-called NTDs, particularly (but not exclusively) those tackled by preventive chemotherapy, including filarial diseases. Caused by parasitic worms, these diseases include onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) and they blight the lives ofmillions of peopleworldwide. Themodels we develop capture the population biology and epidemiological features of these parasites and are used to simulate and evaluate the impact of interventions to support policy-makers in reaching their control and elimination targets. Most of the interventions are presently based on treatment of the affected human populations with antifilarial drugs distributed through mass drug administration (i.e., without the need of an individual diagnosis of infection).


IMO adopted ` International Convention for The Control and Management of Ships` Ballast Water and Sediments ` on February 13th 2004. According to this convention, a ballast water treatment system should be installed in all ships obligatorily up to a standard date. When the system is installed, economic propriety should be considered. The economic propriety analysis examines the profit of a relevant project which can be presented by a equation, (Profit)


The article considers the relevance of transporting liquefied natural gas along the Northern Sea Route in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region by multimodal transportation using sea (gas carriers (accompanied by nuclear icebreakers, during a dangerous ice atmosphere) and land routes (land transport equipped with medium tanks for transporting LNG)), in particular, along the route of the Arctic seaport of Sabbeta (Russian Federation) – Yokohama LNG terminal (Japan). Based on the combination of logistic models of sea and land transportation of LNG, an algorithm for developing a model of mixed LNG cargo transportation (by sea and land modes of transport) is proposed. A modeling technique is proposed that provides for the integration of logistic models of sea and land transport within the framework of multimodal natural gas transportation.


Summary A review of the proxemic literature suggests that violations of interpersonal distancing norms may increase arousal. The present study attempted to integrate this finding into a social facilitation framework. It was proposed that if distancing violations are associated with greater arousal, then close interpersonal distances may increase the arousal produced by the presence of a coactor and intensify the behavioral and physiological effects expected within the social facilitation paradigm. Three interpersonal distances between a coacting female confederate (C) and the Ss (36 male and 36 female undergraduates) were manipulated within a 3 (close, moderate, and far interpersonal distances) by 2 (sex of S) design; a single control group without the presence of the C was also included. Behavioral performance on a hidden-word task, a physiological measure of arousal, and several self-report measures were the main dependent variables. Results indicated a consistent pattern of sex by distance interactions...


In this research, the attitude of parents, whose children are not disabled, towards the inclusive program that is being implemented in sports schools, had been questioned. The aim of this research was to determine the parent's social distance towards the  inclusive program, the children who have developmental disabilities, as well as their willingness to continue to participate in inclusive programs which are conducted in sports schools. The research was conducted during the period from 1 st February to 1 st March 2013. in the Karate club 'Zrenjanin'. It included 58 parents of children athletes, members of the Karate club 'Zrenjanin', who do not have disabilities, already included in the inclusive program. The research conclusions indicate that most parents have a positive attitude towards inclusive program as well as towards people with developmental disabilities. It can also be concluded that the parents have a high level of readiness to help inclusive practice at the club. Also, most parents have a positive attitude towards the inclusive camps. Very few parents think that it is not necessary to include defectologists in the inclusive program Key words: Inklusion, Attitude, Sports schools, Zrenjanin


The opening of the Stasi archives in 1989 revealed the existence of denunciation and informing in police states, but such practices have long been known. This is an exploration of denunciation and informing in Europe in the two centuries between the French Revolution and the fall of the Berlin Wall. The contributors to this study offer a comparative treatment which has particular relevance to the historical anthropology of everyday practices and debates on totalitarianism.


We analyzed 70 voice traces collected from IP-telephony applications, multicast lectures, and media conferencing sessions which involve multiple speakers and different dynamics of interaction b two-way conversations. Results show that application differences have significant impact on the characteristics. The conventional exponential model, established for telephone conversations, fails t rately capture the packet level activity observed in these traces. We classify the traces into four type on their audio contents: audience, lecture, multi-party conferencing and conversation. Our further a shows that the Weibull model achieves lower mean-square-error than the exponential model, by orders of magnitude, in approximating the talkspurt and silence periods for all four cases.


The research of the traffic speed rates in 22 main streets of the city of Barnaul at different times of a day and year is discussed; the areas with speed rates exceeding the maximum permissible speed limits have been identified. The location of 60 problematic intersections in the city has been revealed; that may be used to solve the management and environmental problems in running the transport process. The studies were based on the laws of spatial self-organization of population, the traffic flow theory and the methods of transport planning and zoning. It is proposed to conduct a primary research of the speed rates of the road network with the use of two common positioning systems. A specific solution of the management and environmental problems at the crossing of the streets "Pavlovskiy trakt Sovetskoy Armii Prospekt Stroiteley" of the city of Barnaul was proposed; that was modeled by using a software package for the planning of the traffic streams and traffic management "PTV Vision". The proposed measures intensified the traffic speed mode of this area by more than 60% and improved the environmental situation.


This paper outlines two major regulatory initiatives that are expected to have a substantial impact on the European banking industry and the supply and demand of financial services throughout the European Union. The first initiative is the EU's Financial Services Action Plan (FSAP), approved in 1999 with a calendar of actions to be finalised by 2005. The FSAP aims to review the existing regulatory framework, to adapt it to the demands of single financial markets in order to promote a more integrated and efficient European financial services marketplace. The second regulatory development to be discussed in this paper relates to the implementation of Basle 2, the new capital adequacy guidelines for banks. The New Basle Capital Accord has undergone an extensive review with the last round of consultations being in early 2002. The Basle Committee envisions implementation by 2006. The implementation of Basle 2 into EU banking law is expected to have a substantial impact on capital allocation and bank behaviour. Both Basle 2 and the FSAP place considerable emphasis on areas that are among the least integrated in the European financial services industry retail lending, SME finance, bancassurance, securitisation and the regulatory treatment of collateral. The removal of barriers to trade in these areas coupled with new capital rules governing their regulation are likely to create a paradigm shift in the way in which this types of business is conducted over the next decade or so.


The QUENCH program, performed at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, is dedicated to out-of-pile studies of the initiation and progression of damage during core reflood of a degraded commercial nuclear reactor. Main work in this program is spent on the investigation of the material behavior of the solid structures. However, for the deeper understanding of the integral tests, especially of the quench phase, as well as for computational support of the tests and for the validation of severe accident codes, a sufficient knowledge of thermal-hydraulics in the bundle during the quench phase is also mandatory. Though much instrumentation is available in the test section, information to interpret thermal-hydraulics is scare due to principal and technical reasons. The main objective of the present paper is to get a better idea of the reflood process, based on all available experimental data. For this purpose, the test QUENCH-06 is used because of the amount of available qualified experimental data and because of its special importance for code validation, this test being selected as OECD International Standard Problem (ISP) no. 45. At reflood initiation of QUENCH-06, some irregularity of water injection occurred due to the malfunction of a check valve. A thorough inspection and comparison of experimental data is presented in this paper to clarify details of the start of the quench phase. It is complemented by still more detailed computations with the in-house version of SCDAP/RELAP5 mod 3.2 than at the time of ISP-45. Apart from its relevance for this special test and for ISP-45, this work sheds light on the consistency of the involved experimental data. Besides to this investigation, the transition from two- to single-phase flow is examined in more detail than before, giving indications for the axial extension of the two-phase flow region with large droplets or a sensible fluid fraction and for the duration of two-phase flow near saturation temperature. Again, the consistency of data of various instrumentations is assessed. Despite of this success, a better instrumentation for thermal-hydraulics, mainly of void sensors in the lower part of the bundle, is desirable to facilitate interpretation of thermal-hydraulic aspects of the tests.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


AIM: To investigate foe regulation of electroacupuncture(EA ) on the presssure in pyloric antrum andits relation to the contents of plasma somatostatin (SS).nitrio oxide (NO ) In dogs. METHODS: Hy using manometric recording technique. radioactive-immunon-assay and biochemical methods. the pressure in pyloric antrum and the change in the contents of plasma SS and NO were simultaneously measured. with or without EA stimulation at different acupoints in lab dogs. RESUITS: In the Zusanli group, afterEA stimulation. a decrease was observed in the total pressure (P<0. 01). basic pressure (P<0. 01). wave frequency (P<0. 05 ) and plasma SS content (P<0. 05) whereas an increase was found in plasma NO content (P<0. 01 ) as comparedwith those of the control group. In the Shangjuxu group. after EA stimulation. a decrease in the total and basic pressures and an increase in the NO content (PM O. co) were ohserved. But the change in the Shangjllxu group was not sosignificant as that in the Zusanli group. No significantchanges were observed in other groups. CONCLUSION:Electroacupuncture at Zusanli point can significantly reducepressure in pyloric antrurn and wave frequency. which is indicative of the regulative effect of electroacupuncture on gastrointestinal dysfunctions. This effect is probably related tothe changes in plasma gut hormones and other active substances and is also acupoint specific.


1 Wenting Han , 2 Pei Cao, Chao Zhang, 4 Bingqin Zhu, Xinmei Zhou, Pute Wu 1,First Author College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest AF Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest AF firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; email@example.com *6, conresponding Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, China, Email email@example.com


We have studied the stable end phase formed in amorphous germanium (a‐Ge) films that have been subjected to a pressure‐induced phase transformation under indentation loading using a large (20 µm) spherical indenter. After indentation the samples have been annealed at room temperature to remove any residual unstable R8 and BC8 phases. Raman spectroscopy indicates a single broad peak centred around 292 cm–1 and we have used first principles density functional perturbation theory calculations and simulated Raman spectra for nano‐crystalline diamond cubic germanium (DC‐Ge) to help identification of the final phase as hexagonal diamond germanium (HEX‐Ge). Transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of a dominant HEX‐Ge end phase. These results help explain significant inconsistencies in the literature relating to indentation‐induced phase transitions in DC‐ and a‐Ge. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Problem statement: Numerical ocean models are used for oil spill tracking, search and rescue, and in costly offshore operations involving large floating structures. The natural variability in the ocean currents is large, and a major problem is the lack of ocean observations that can be used to constrain the ocean model. Ongoing efforts focus on exploiting advanced data assimilation techniques and devising efficient observation sampling strategies. Unfortunately, traditional ocean modeling systems are too computationally demanding for the full range of forecasting uncertainties to be explored.


SUMMARY AN infinity of sets of pivotal quantities (with a remarkably simple distribution) is found for Wishart's distribution, leading to an infinity of different "fiducial distributions" for the parameters, all derived from the same data. ?7 is entirely independent of the rest of the paper, and provides the simplest case of the paradox discussed here. Pivotal quantities for the distribution of the second-order moments of a sample from a multivariate normal population are also found in the cases when the secondorder moments are taken about the population mean and/or the sample is too small for the usual theory to apply.


Globalization is a phenomenon used for,censuring economic field at first, the course of the economic globalization can be traced back to the capitalist economy rising and setting-up of modern market economy at first. But, the economic globalization is not whole globalization, among them include yet political internationalization, culture melt together. It is accompany these globalizations that the globalization of law comes into being, and it regularizes these spheres simultaneously. The theory of the law's globalization appears for a long time, but the opinions on relevant concepts of the law's globalization vary, no unanimous conclusion can be reached. This article explains some views on the concept of the law's globalization, put forward some one's own views.


Abstract: Caloplaca concreticola is described here as new. It is a morphologically well-characterized, sorediate species of the subgenus Pyrenodesmia, that comprises a part of the ''black-fruited'' taxa with an absence of anthraquinones in their apothecia. Currently it is known only from concrete and always occurs close to water (mainly on the walls of water channels). Analysis of nuclear ribosomal ITS sequence data of the new species, together with most European species of the subgenus, supports the recognition of the new species as a monophyletic taxon within the Pyrenodesmia clade.


Many British general practitioners have responded to increasing patient demands for out of hours care by setting up large cooperatives to manage the workload. General practitioners prefer them to more traditional "on call" rotas, and so do their families according to a small before and after study from Chester (British Journal of General Practice 1999;49:215-6). The researchers, who surveyed the doctors' families before and after the cooperative was set up, were surprised to get no complaints at all in the free text section of their questionnaire. It would be useful to know why cooperative working is so popular.


This brief argues for recognizing the variety (rather than just volume) of data as a valuable enabler for rigorous computational science, facilitating robust, data-driven policymaking during a global crisis such as COVID-19. Drawing on peer-reviewed findings and citations from both our own research group and others to make our case, we present three concise recommendations for further incentivizing research into this important issue. Although an unprecedented crisis of our century, a silver lining of the COVID-19 pandemic was that it showcased the power of both medical science and technology to address global challenges at a pace never witnessed before in human history [1,2]. Technology played an important role both because of the abundance of data [3,4], as well as the easy access to inexpensive, open-source and customizable software that anyone with reasonable coding skills could set up [5]. In the early days of the pandemic, the focus was rightfully on building practical applications that could be useful to medical professionals. More recently, however, the data has been used to facilitate computational social science to better understand the pandemic from multiple viewpoints [6].


A novel reverse measurement scheme method for complex structural components was presented.Based on studies of function-structure hierarchical mapping,a meta-feature decoupling method was presented to extract basic measurement elements.Information model for meta-features' attributes were constructed which including accuracy feature,feature complicatedness,and information model for measurement method which including measurement accuracy was also set up.Influencing factors set of the matching quality was then constructed and relationships of these attributes were also studied.Based on fuzzy synthetic method,the optimal method for the measurement of each meta-feature was selected through both qualitative and quantitative analysis.To optimize the whole measurement process,the discrete meta-features were assembled.Finally,the proposed method was applied in the measurement of an automobile engine cylinder head and reconstruction of its geometry model.Experimental results showed that this method could improve the efficiency and quality in reverse design.


Purpose: Occlusal adjustment is one of the challenging and regularly encountered procedure in dentistry. The knowledge of dental occlusion is considered as the foundation for achieving occlusal equilibrium. Moreover, achieving occlusal equilibrium by occlusal adjustments is an irreversible procedure and the dentist must study the patient's occlusion before the procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge and practices of dental practitioners regarding occlusal adjustment. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among interns and dentists in Chennai. The knowledge and attitude regarding occlusal adjustment was evaluated through self-explanatory questioner which were circulated to the study subjects in the form of google forms through social media platforms like whatsapp, Instagram and facebook and each participant could be able to submit their response only once. Results: A total of 200 subjects participated in the study. The age of the study subjects ranged from 21-84 years with mean age being 29.39+10.20 and 124 (62%) were females and 76(38%) were males. About 107 study subjects (53.5%) faced difficulties after crown fixation; 173 (86.5%) study subjects had come across the term occlusal equilibrium and 171 (85.5%) preferred using articulating paper to check occlusal interference and 171(85.5%) study subjects accepted that occlusal imbalance can cause temporomandibular joint pain. Conclusion: The survey concluded that the study subjects had basic theoretical knowledge about occlusal adjustments but their clinical implementation was questionable. INTRODUCTION Health is not only an absence of disease instead, it also extends to physical, mental and social well-being. A proper oral health care holds an important position not only in maintaining oral harmony, but also to provide a good general health. Sometimes oral harmony is not easy to attain. Dental practitioners have lots of struggles to maintain the dental harmony of the patients during treatment procedures or even post treatment. One such challenge is to establish occlusal equilibrium, which can be attained by doing some occlusal adjustments. Occlusal adjustment can be defined as the removal of occlusal interferences, through selective tooth grinding or through the use of restorative materials and prosthesis [1] . The use of occlusal adjustments in previous studies [2 ,3 ,4 ,5] focused on the correction of deranged occlusion which presents as Temporomandibular disorders, Myofacial pain, Neurological disorders, Inefficiency in mastication etc. Thus, considering both mechanical and biological factors when providing prosthodontic therapies to patients,


227 ERCP is the primary therapeutic endoscopic intervention for the management of bil iary obstruction and has been for decades, essentially replacing surgical approaches for the management of bile duct obstruction.[1] Biliary cannulation – the gateway maneuver essential for a successful ERCP – is successful over 95% of the time in the hands of experienced, high volume endoscopists who perform ERCP in patients with native anatomy.[2] For the vast majority of patients, ERCP is successfully performed using standard approach, tools, and techniques, without any need for additional intervention.


: Since nitrogen is a nutrient frequently in short supply in coastal ecosystems, an estimate of the nitrogen input via rain was made for the Georgia coast. Water samples collected in 34 separate storms during a 12 month period were analysed for concentrations of ammonia, nitrate plus nitrite, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). The range and average concentration in micromoles of nitrogen per liter was 0.0 to 137 (6.3) for ammonia, 1.0 to 21 (7.9) for nitrate plus nitrite, and 0.0 to 13.6 (4.0) for DON. DON, not usually measured in rain, comprised up to 62% of the total nitrogen content. The annual amount of nitrogen contributed by rain to the coast was about 0.3 g N/m2. This value is a small fraction of the calculated nitrogen requirements of coastal plants. More than half the rain samples had pH values less than the CO2 equilibrium pH of 5.6. Values as low as 4.2 were in the range of pH values reported for acid rain in Europe and the northeastern U.S. Total titratable acidity was measured for 12 summer rainwater samples. The results fox 7 individual storms showed a highly linear relation between hydrogen ion concentration and total acidity. However, the elope of the regression line indicated that increases in acidity were not a result of addition of strong acid alone.


This poster aims to present the theoretical approach of motivational semantics on which we rely to conduct studies on the lexicon used in French dialects. For the processing and analysis of the lexicon, we use the Atlas Linguistique de la France (ALF) and the Atlas Linguistiques de la France par Regions (ALFR). Then, using a ShinyDialect spatial interpolation tool developed as part of the ANR ECLATS project, we carry out aeral studies of the semantic designations or motivations of a lemma.


The sustainability of exploitation is based on density-dependent renewal of populations: when population density decreases as some individuals are taken, the remaining individuals compensate by surviving or reproducing better. In general there is a trade-off between two desired outcomes: a high yield and a high remaining population size. A hunting strategy is Pareto optimal if it balances this trade-off without wasting possibilities of improving the performance in either aspect. Lack of knowledge concerning the age structure, mating system or density dependence operating in a population will very easily cause suboptimality in this sense, whereas utilising knowledge of density dependence may, in some cases, even overcome the conflict between the goals, so that harvesting can increase rather than decrease population sizes. Suboptimal timing of harvesting is an example which not only causes unnecessary harm to a population, but also hampers estimation of the compensatory or additive nature of mortality. A bias towards additivity will be found if hunting and natural mortality overlap in time, and even 'superadditive' results are possible. A mortality pattern that appears additive cannot, therefore, be used to deduce that overwinter survival is density independent. These results have consequences to harvest planning. Adjusting the length of the open season is a tool frequently used to regulate the harvest. Since estimated slopes of compensation cannot be assumed to remain constant if the timing of the open season is changed, the effect of a prolonged season will be more drastic than a mere change in kill rates would predict. Such factors are likely to have the strongest effects in species with long harvest seasons, such as many migratory European waterfowl.


A new method,which can be used in constructing pattern matching automaton for intrusion(detection) system is proposed in this paper.The key point of this method is the equivalence of NFA and DFA,the convenience of constructing NFD,and efficiency of DFA.By starting from constructing single pattern matching NFA for every single pattern,then integrating the all(constructed) NFA into full-pattern NFA,converting the full-pattern NFA into its equivalent DFA,and simplifying the DFA,a DFA served as an engine for intrusion detection system can be constructed.


The utility model discloses a disposable self-exhausting and self-stopping infusion apparatus, which comprises a bottle cork puncture outfit protective sleeve, wherein the bottle cork puncture outfit protective sleeve is sleeved on a bottle cork puncture outfit of a puncture outfit; the puncture outfit, an upper hose, a tap funnel cap, a tap funnel, a lower two-way valve, a lower hose and a liquid medicine filter are connected in sequence; a latex cap is sleeved on a liquid medicine feed inlet of the tap funnel cap; a flow regulator is sleeved on the lower hose; a needle seat of an intravenous infusion needle is sleeved on the conical head of the liquid medicine filter; a self-exhausting device is arranged on the tap funnel tap; a self-stopping device is arranged on the lower part of the tap funnel; the self-exhausting device includes an exhaust outlet which is formed on the tap funnel cap and an exhaust channel which is communicated with the exhaust outlet; an exhaust outlet air filter membrane is arranged on the exhaust outlet; an exhaust plug is pressed on the exhaust outlet; the exhaust channel extends into the tap funnel, and an exhaust groove is formed on a tube wall on the lower half part of the exhaust channel; the self-stopping device is composed of a floater disposed in the tap funnel and a soft water stop membrane disposed on the bottom of the floater; and the soft water stop membrane is corresponding to a water inlet on the lower two-way valve.


Preeclampsia (PE), the most significant adverse exposure to cardiovascular risk during pregnancy, is one of the three major factors contributing to maternal and fetal mortality and the leading cause of preterm birth. Recently, various miRNAs have been reported to participate in PE occurrence and development. Nevertheless, the regulatory impact of miR‐195‐5p in PE is still indistinct.


Powder injection molding (PIM) is a well-known process for the production of geometrically complex shaped parts at a high production rate. The possibility of recycling the raw material (feedstock) is economically necessary for industrial applications, especially when processing very expensive materials, such as rare-earth alloys. In this study, Nd-Fe-B magnets were fabricated by powder injection molding, in which the injection residues (gates, sprue and surplus green samples) were reprocessed, up to 6 times. Subsequently, samples underwent binder extraction by chemical and thermal procedures, being finally sintered under high vacuum. Physical characterizations were carried out and the magnetic properties were measured via B-H trace analysis in each batch to study the influence of the recycled feedstock on the magnetic properties of produced samples. It was concluded that the properties are significantly affected after the second reprocessing lot, mainly due to the contamination of the feedstock by organic elements by-products of the binder decomposition.


High temperature probes are described, one with an operating temperature ≥1000°C based on a sapphire etalon interrogated by low coherence interferometry, the second a miniature Fabry-Perot maximum operational temperature 700°C interrogated by a tuneable laser capable of linear and sinusoidal scan rates of 2 kHz and 20kHz repectively.


Abstract:Though Canada established formal diplomatic relations with the Republic of Korea in 1964, there was no embassy in Seoul until 1973. That year D. Gordon Longmuir was dispatched to Seoul to help open that embassy and serve as First Secretary and Consul, as well as Chargé d'Affaires until a resident ambassador arrived early in 1974. He stayed in Seoul until 1976. Among the more pressing duties of the embassy while he was stationed there was ensuring adequate safeguards for a nuclear reactor Korea was considering buying from Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL). At first Canada, somewhat distrustful of President Park Chung Hee, was uncertain whether or not to provide Park with such a nuclear power plant. However, after the ROK agreed to ratify the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, the deal was signed and Korea eventually went on to purchase a total of four Canadian-designed CANDU nuclear reactors.As a representative of the Canadian government, Longmuir was in the audience on August 15, 1974, when a disgruntled Korean-Japanese attempted to assassinate Park but shot and killed Park's wife instead. He also watched as, under Park's leadership, the Korean economy began its rapid march to modernization while the government resisted pressure for democratization. The embassy occasionally had to intervene on behalf of some activist Canadian missionaries who felt that urban workers were being asked to pay too heavy a price for Korea's economic progress.


PURPOSE: To facilitate soldering works, and to eliminate the need for washing an article after soldering by holding a soldering ribbon, having long size among an electric element and lead sections, melting the soldering ribbon and firmly bonding the lead sections with the electric element. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of fixtures 25 consist of metallic bases 25a and metallic covers 25b, and small spacers 28 having shallow grooves 27 are arranged at regular intervals in the metallic bases 25a. The lead sections 32, 33 of a lead frame 34 are positioned in large spacers 29. A soldering ribbon 39 coated with flux is assembled under a condition, in which the soldering ribbon 39 is held among chips 31 as electric elements and lead sections 32, 33 to be soldered to these chips 31. The soldering ribbon 39 is cut at places among the chips 31 and among the lead sections 32, 33, and melted, so as to be brought near to regions adjacent to the lead sections 32, 33 and the chips 31 and the lead sections 32, 33 are bonded, and works can be facilitated.


This paper discusses the major shortcomings in the training pattern for teachers college undergraduates, such as its objective, course system, teaching method, mechanism of operation, and non_teaching training method.


To find the new type of sustainable and renewable energy and harvest energy from pavement deformation, a new idea of designing test machine to harvest piezoelectric energy from pavement is innovatively proposed. A mathematical model of open-circuit voltage is deduced from the piezoelectric equations. Design requirements of the test machine are proposed based on the model and vehicle driving condition. The construction and work principle of the machine are elaborated. A prototype of the test machine is designed and manufactured. Some experiment is done to test the excited voltage of a series of piezoelectric harvesters with the test machine. The result shows that the measured data are basically the same to the theoretical ones. It is feasible to use the test machine for measuring piezoelectric energy harvesting characteristics from pavement deformation. Therefore, the machine can be applied for in-depth and systematic studying piezoelectric harvesting energy technology from pavement deformation.


During over half a century when socialist modernization has been carried out various institutions of the country and people's mentalities have lagged behind the speedy development of productivity thus there have occurred various conflicts.Therefore the construction of a harmonious society has become a goal of the people and the country.By attempting to analyze modernization and harmonious society the writer points out that harmony is the intrinsic requirement of modernization.A socialist harmonious society is the goal of socialist modernization construction.


We analyzed noise, coherence and spectral-power-density properties of a 5.5W, CW Raman-soliton continuum with >300nm width around 1.3µm generated in a holey-fibre pumped by Yb-fibre source. The demonstrated source is ideal for high-resolution/sensitivity OCT imaging.


Compressive torsion processing (CTP) is a unique severe deformation process in which a work piece is simultaneously subjected to compressive and torsional loadings without a change in its cylindrical shape. Two types of torsional loading were investigated: cyclic reverse loading with various torsional angles and monotonic rotational loading with various rotations. The effects of the different torsional loading methods and torsional angle or rotational repetition on the refined microstructure distributions of pure aluminum were investigated. As a result, refined microstructures with a grain size less than 10 μm were easily formed near both basal planes of the cylindrical specimen; however, the refinement was not easy at middle regions between the basal planes. In the cyclic reverse loading, increasing torsional angle increased the size of the refined microstructure region, but it was impossible to form refined microstructures near the center axial and middle regions. On the other hand, in the monotonic rotational loading, a homogeneous refined microstructure was obtained, even with a small rotation repetition. This indicates that monotonic rotation loading is much more effective for obtaining a homogenous refined microstructure.


We wish to investigate the path dependence of yield processes in glassy polymers and to understand this dependence, if any, in terms of molecular mechanisms. To this end the effect of sudden strain-rate change on the yield behavior of bisphenol-A polycarbonate has been investigated. In the experiment, a specimen was initially deformed at a constant elongation rate R1; at an elongation Δlc the rate was suddenly changed to another constant elongation rate R2. R1 was either lower or higher than R2. The yield stress subsequent to the rate change was found to be lower than if the entire deformation was at R1. These results can be satisfactorily explained in terms of Robertson's theory of the yielding of glassy polymers if it is assumed that the "bond flexing" in his theory manifests itself in anelastic deformation.


The pedagogical experiment performed has proved the increase in the educational efficiency achieved by the students learning from the multimedia version of the handbook on "Experiment in chemistry" at the Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University. The results of the tests checking the students' and teachers' knowledge have shown that in the field of chemical experiment, the blended learning is much more effective than that from a conventional written handbook. The authors also assumed the hypothesis that the use of the blended learning mode would be highly effective in education in other scientific areas of experimental nature, which, however, should be confirmed by further studies.


Chinese idioms are the language material loved by people because of their conciseness, comprehensiveness and the brevity. The large number of Chinese idioms of animal morality play an important role in literature and daily communication. In order to convey their original ideas correctly, completely and exactly, the paper makes an analysis of the issue from four aspects, which elucidates the complexity and flexibility of the translation. [


Purpose of study Recent reports state that over 23 million Americans suffer from an autoimmune disorder. Implicated in many of these diseases is the development of Ectopic Lymphoid Tissues (ELT) in their pathogenesis. The present study aims to define the morphological and cytologic characteristics of ELTs in Crohn's disease, Ulcerative Colitis, and Diverticulitis with the goal improving treatment modalities and outcomes. Methods used Resected bowel tissue was collected from 29 patients; 10 with Diverticulitis, 10 with Crohn's Disease and 9 with Ulcerative Colitis. Samples were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, serially sectioned, and subsequently stained with immunohistochemical markers. Morphometric analysis was done using Olympus CellSens software and PerkinElmer Vectra 3.0 Automated Quantitative Pathology Imaging System. Cytologic analysis was done by isolating mRNA from FFPE tissues using the Ambion RecoverAll Kit and subsequent qPCR analysis. Statistical and Nearest Neighbour Analysis were performed using R Statistical Software. Summary of results This study is still in progress. Preliminary results indicate that the number and size of B-cell aggregates differ between disease states as well as where in the bowel wall they organise. There is also a cross-sectional area cutoff in which larger follicles develop into Tertiary Lymphoid Tissues (TLT) which have organised germinal centres. Cytological analysis suggests that there are distinct differences in chemokine profiles with Diverticulitis having a more T-cell driven profile, Ulcerative Colitis having a more B-cell driven profile. Fibrostenotic Crohn's samples showed lower expression of specific T (CCL19 and CCL21) and B-cell (CXCL12 and CXCL13) chemokines in comparison. Conclusions Defining the composition of ELTs is an important first step in developing treatments for these disease states. The present study indicates that despite ELTs being implicated in all of these disease states their development and life cycles differ. This information should guide the development of future therapeutics and give more insight into how and why ELT development in various tissues.


Hydrothermal experiments on the partitioning of HCl and copper chloride in the system silicate melt-hydrosaline liquid-aqueous vapor are described. Modelling of the aqueous phase evolution process is discussed. (MHR)


The human haptoglobin (Hp) gene is polymorphic with two functional classes of alleles, denoted 1 and 2. We have demonstrated in three longitudinal studies and several cross‐sectional studies that the Hp genotype is an independent risk factor for diabetic vascular disease. These studies have presented a compelling argument that diabetic individuals homozygous for the Hp 1 allele are at decreased risk of vascular complications as compared to diabetic individuals with the Hp 2 allele.


The concept concerned in this paper is based on energy conversion of the ocean waves via rotational generators. The objective of this research is to develop a new type of slow-motion converter. The LRTC device consists of a drum that is connected via wire to a floating buoy. The drum is connected to rotary generators. The generators are heavily braked when the direction of movement changes (up/down); this is because the generators have been charged the maximum load in order to obtain maximum output power. For upcoming improvement, the generators should have some power storage as flywheel. In the future experiments, the torque converter can even be tuned to rotate in resonance with the incoming waves, strongly increasing power absorption. Constant force springs are applied for this purpose. The focus of this project is, therefore, a new generation of wave power device for utility-scale energy conversion offering a cost of energy that can compete with established energy resources.


The mm-wave as well as noise properties of IMPATT diodes for the D-band are efficiently determined, with 4H-SiC and wurtzite type GaN as base materials, using advanced computer simulation techniques developed by the authors. The breakdown voltage (180 V) and efficiency (14.7%) is higher in case of 4H-SiC as compared to wzGaN based diode having the breakdown voltage (153 V) and efficiency (13.7%). The study indicates that 4H-SiC IMPATT diode is capable of generating high RF power density of about 8.383×10 W/m as compared to GaN IMPATT diode that is capable to develop the power density 6.847×10 W/m for the same frequency of operation. It is also observed that wz-GaN exhibits better noise behavior 7.42×10 V·s than SiC (5.16×10 V·s) for IMPATT operation at 140 GHz. A tradeoff between the power output and noise from the device reveals that wz-GaN would be a suitable base material for high power application of IMPATT diode with moderate noise.


The design and analysis of ellipse shaped broad band micro strip patch antenna are discussed in this paper. In modern wireless communication system at the higher frequency, this basically needs all its components to be in compact size. The proposed antenna inspired by ellipse shaped which offer the better performance compare to the conventional antenna. Here, the proposed antenna is one such component that operating in Ku, K and Ku higher frequency band. The impedance bandwidth and radiation characteristics of the designed structure are investigated with the CST software. The proposed antenna offers the VSWR<2 that is better performance in higher frequency band from 14GHz to 31GHz. Obtaining Impendence.


Survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest average only 2% to 5%. Rapid defibrillation has been shown to improve outcomes, but prior studies


The office block from Andreas Heupel Architekten in the old city harbour of Münster, is a seven‐storey, 26 m high hybrid timber building. For the facade, the architects chose green glazed ceramic facade tiles with a fine horizontal relief structure, which were individually produced after close discussions with the manufacturer the company Moeding and change according to daylight and weather. (photo: Anke Müllerklein)


Self-esteem is one of the factors affecting academic achievement and academic burnout. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between academic burnout and self-esteem in the students of Medical Science University at Neyshabour. The method in this an analytical descriptive study and all students of Neyshabour Medical Science University in all disciplines in second semester and higher (nursing, operating room, anesthesia and Health) participated in the study. Totally, 235students participated in the study. Demographic questionnaire, Rosenberg selfesteem questionnaire and Berso academic burnout questionnaire were used to collect data. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were acceptable. SPSS version 18 was used to analyze the data. Findings showed significant negative correlation between academic burnout (in different areas and overall burnout) and self-esteem at the level of 1%. (P = 0.00, r = -0.49). T-test for independent samples showed that women and men have overall and identical self-esteem, academic burnout and inefficiency (p> 0.05). Academic burnout and apathy in men significantly is more than women (p <0.05). There was no significant difference between self-esteem and academic burnout(general and all areas) in single and married people, kind of academic discipline, semester, place of birth, type of residence, student organizations, residence, age, interest in education, probation records, conflicts of parents and history of psychiatric drugs. In conclusion Given the relationship between academic burnout and self-esteem, it is recommended to authorities to focus on increasing the self-esteem in students through establishing workshops.


It's a very busy time at QSL as the crush progresses. Our sales, marketing and shipping programs are all progressing well and everything is tracking as it should be at this point in the season.


Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created major disruptions in cancer care, with reductions in diagnostic tests and treatments. We evaluated the impact of these health care–related changes on cancer staging by comparing cancers staged before and during the pandemic. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada. We evaluated all pathologically staged breast, colorectal, prostate, endometrial and lung cancers (the 5 most common cancers by site, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) over a 3-year period (Mar. 15, 2018–Mar. 14, 2021). The pre-COVID-19 group included procedures performed between Mar. 15, 2018, and Mar. 14, 2020, and the COVID-19 group included procedures performed between Mar. 15, 2020, and Mar. 14, 2021. The primary outcome was cancer stage group, based on the pathologic tumour, lymph node, metastasis system. We performed univariate analyses to compare demographic characteristics, pathologic features and cancer stage between the 2 groups. We performed multivariable ordinal regression analyses using the proportional odds model to evaluate the association between stage and timing of staging (before v. during the pandemic). Results: There were 4055 cases across the 5 cancer sites. The average number of breast cancer staging procedures per 30 days increased during the pandemic compared to the yearly average in the pre-COVID-19 period (41.3 v. 39.6), whereas decreases were observed for endometrial cancer (15.9 v. 16.4), colorectal cancer (21.8 v. 24.3), prostate cancer (13.6 v. 18.5) and lung cancer (11.5 v. 15.9). For all cancer sites, there were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics, pathologic features or cancer stage between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). In multivariable regression analysis, for all cancer sites, cases staged during the pandemic were not associated with higher stage (breast: odds ratio [OR] 1.071, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.826–1.388; colorectal: OR 1.201, 95% CI 0.869–1.661; endometrium: OR 0.792, 95% CI 0.495–1.252; prostate: OR 1.171, 95% CI 0.765–1.794; and lung: OR 0.826, 95% CI 0.535–1.262). Interpretation: Cancer cases staged during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic were not associated with higher stage; this likely reflects the prioritization of cancer procedures during times of reduced capacity. The impact of the pandemic period on staging procedures varied between cancer sites, which may reflect differences in clinical presentation, detection and treatment.


This paper describes the development of a 3-d high-fidelity multi-physics pin-by-pin neu-tronic and sub-channel thermal hydraulic model of a SVEA-96 Optima2 fuel assembly for the coupled code system TORT-TD/CTF. No pin power reconstruction is applied. Detailed descriptions are given on (a) the generation of few-group parameterized pin cell-homogenized cross section data using HELIOS, (b) the 3-d neutronic pin-by-pin and ther-mal-hydraulic sub-channel model of a single SVEA-96 Optima2 assembly and its qualifica-tion by Monte Carlo models using Serpent, (c) coupled steady-state results for a single as-sembly and (d) coupled steady-state and transient simulations of a 4-by-4 mini core model of SVEA-96 Optima2 assemblies in a partially rodded state.


To the Editor:Braz et al. report the effects of fluid resuscitation in acutely splenectomized dogs (1). We would like to address an issue that we believe is dramatically underestimated. Recently, we reported the endemic occurrence of Mycoplasma haemocanis infection in laboratory dogs (2)—an incident


At some point during their years of practice, most corporate or transactional lawyers will be asked to work on a legal opinion for the closing of a deal in progress in their law firm or legal department. Their assignment is to prepare the first draft of a closing opinion letter, which will be reviewed and revised by a partner or other more experienced lawyers, perhaps including a formal opinion committee. The letter is to be addressed and delivered to the other side at the closing – and is therefore called a "third-party" opinion letter. Lawyers tend to have one of two basic reactions upon receipt of an opinion drafting assignment. Some view it as merely a rote exercise, requiring nothing more than marking up an old officer's certificate and a recent opinion letter their firm has delivered. Others cringe a little when they get this assignment. Clearly, third-party opinion letters are legal oddities – giving legal advice to one's opponents is not normal behavior. It runs against the grain. It is very important to note that no matter how important the transaction is to the client, the opinion letter is the attorney's, not the client's, risk.Attorneys drafting opinion letters must understand "customary practice" among those giving and receiving legal opinions. Whether desired or not, customary practice among lawyers is incorporated into closing opinions. This paper reviews customary practice in a number of specific aspects of legal opinion writing, and provides a fully annotated form legal opinion. It is updated for more recent authority.


The multi-material arbitrary lagrangian-eulerian(ALE) formulation was applied to simulate the shock wave effect of flashing detonation grenade to evaluate its non-lethal effect by using LS-DYNA software.The processing tool PREPOST and simulation software MATLAB were used in the visualization analysis of the simulation results and experimental data.Through the actual test and numerical calculation,this paper analyzed the shock wave overpressure attenuation with the distance,and obtained flashing detonation grenade safety radius.Research shows that the numerical simulation results basically match with the experimental results,which verify that the numerical model and parameter selection is reasonable.This research provides an important reference for the safety studies of flashing detonation grenade and even the design improvements.


Securing file resources under Linux is a team effort. No one library, application, or kernel feature can stand alone in providing robust security. Current Linux access control mechanisms work in concert to provide a certain level of security, but they depend upon the integrity of the machine itself to protect that data. Once the data leaves that machine, or if the machine itself is physically compromised, those access control mechanisms can no longer protect the data in the filesystem. At that point, data privacy must be enforced via encryption. As Linux makes inroads in the desktop market, the need for transparent and effective data encryption increases. To be practically deployable, the encryption/decryption process must be secure, unobtrusive, consistent, flexible, reliable, and efficient. Most encryption mechanisms that run under Linux today fail in one or more of these categories. In this paper, we discuss solutions to many of these issues via the integration of encryption into the Linux filesystem. This will provide access control enforcement on data that is not necessarily under the control of the operating environment. We also explore how stackable filesystems, Extended Attributes, PAM, GnuPG web-of-trust, supporting libraries, and applications (such as GNOME/KDE) can all be orchestrated to provide robust encryption-based access control over filesystem content. 1 Development Efforts This paper is motivated by an effort on the part of the IBM Linux Technology Center to enhance Linux filesystem security through better integration of encryption technology. The author of this paper is working together with the external community and several members of the LTC in the design and development of a transparent cryptographic filesystem layer in the Linux kernel. The "we" in this paper refers to immediate members of the author's development team who are working together on this project, although many others outside that development team have thus far had a significant part in this development effort. 2 The Filesystem Security


This study presents a new method for human detection in UAVs using Yolo backbones transformer. The proposed framework utilizes backbones YoloV8s, SC3T (Based Transformer), with RGB inputs to accurately perceive human detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an average accuracy of around 90.0% firstname.lastname@example.com for human detection in the Human UAVs dataset, surpassing the performance of competitive baselines. The superior performance of our Deep Neural Network (DNN) can provide context awareness to UAVs. Furthermore, the proposed method can be easily adapted to detect UAVs in various applications. This work highlights the potential of the Yolo backbones transformer for enhancing human detection in UAVs, demonstrating its superiority over conventional methods. Overall, the proposed framework can pave the way for future research in UAV detection applications. Training code and self-collected Human detection dataset are released in https://github.com/Tyler-Do/Yolov8-Transformer.


A new genus of the Ptychomniaceae (Ptychomniales) is described from Juan Stuven Island, south west Chile. Molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphology independently confirm the position of the taxon in the family, but features of the sporophyte (in particular a highly reduced endostome), a unique combination of gametophytic characters and a significant number of molecular autapomorphies indicate that the plant is clearly distinct from previously described genera. Molecular data demonstrate that the new genus is one of the earlier diverging lineages within the order, part of a basal grade that includes Hampeella, Ptychomniella, Tetraphidopsis, and Cladomniopsis, although its precise position remains ambiguous. The Ptychomniales occupy a key phylogenetic position as one of the earliest diverging pleurocarpous lineages with features that are intermediate between the most basal, predominantly orthotropic pleurocarps and the more derived plagiotropic taxa. The new taxon is thus of considerable phylogenetic significance and contributes to the nature conservation value of the locality.


The focus of this report is electroanalysis performed via screen-printed electrodes. All the basic characteristics required in this field are taken into account, including the fundamental assessments of screen-printed materials used as electrodes, the use of testing electrode prototypes in the laboratory, fundamental and progressive studies on different electrode fabrication procedures, and their practical uses in quantifying biological species, pharmaceutical compositions, environmental contaminants and heavy metals. The last case is presented as a set of comprehensive tables that show an overall summary of the published approaches. Lastly, current trends and significant achievements are delineated along with future options.


Abstract Knowledge sharing through social networks is becoming an increasingly important mechanism for effective management of construction projects, which are regarded as heavily knowledge-intensive and relying on experiential knowledge. However, little is known on how social networks exist and their role in knowledge sharing within construction organisations in Australia. The aim of this study is to identify knowledge sharing processes within social networks in construction organisation using social network analysis (SNA). The research method for this study takes an interpretive stance using a case study approach to gain an in-depth insight. Accordingly, several mini cases (networks) within a single construction organisation were chosen for the study. Data collected through semi-structured questionnaires with key actors in each network were analysed using SNA tool. Consequently, a range of knowledge sharing processes adopted were found along with teams possessing higher network tie strength implementing structured knowledge sharing processes. Overall, the study found that networks portraying relational social capital dimension are the strongest ties. Although, the study is a case study with a single construction organisation, the findings are useful for strengthening network ties in similar construction organisations. The research also offers a method to identify strengths of networks using SNA tool for any organisation.


Objective To evaluate the effects of CpG oligonucleotide(OND) on the production of interferon γ(IFN-γ),interleukin(IL)-12 and IL-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).Methods PBMC was isolated from 28 patients and 20 healthy donors,and then cultured in RPMI-1640 with non-stimulator(control),and CpG ODN(2 nmol/mL) respectively.The expression of IFN-γ mRNA,IL-10 mRNA and IL-12 mRNA in PBMC were detected by real time-PCR.Results In control group,the expression of IFN-γ mRNA and IL-12 mRNA in patients was lower than that in healthy donors(P0.01,P0.05),the expression of IL-10 mRNA in patients was similar to that in healthy donors(P0.05).In CpG ODN group,the expression of IFN-γ mRNA and IL-12 mRNA in patients were higher than that in control groups(P0.01),the expression of IFN-γ mRNA and IL-12 mRNA in patients was lower than that in healthy donors(P0.01,P0.05),the expression of IL-10 mRNA in patients was similar to that in control groups and in healthy donors(P0.05).Conclusion ①There are decreased ability of production of Th1-type cytokines(IFN-γ and IL-12) and increased potential for Th2-type cytokine(IL-10) in PBMC from patients with T1DM.②CpG ODN could increase the production of IFN-γ and IL-12,and decrease the production of IL-10.


In order to effectively train a horse, it is critical to adopt exercise or training programs that are based on a correct training concept, as this can assist horse riders in having a proper planned training management and therefore developing their horse's performance. Mobile phone applications are so entwined in modern culture and are continuously accessible to users as they could be beneficial as mobile coaching systems. The goal of this research is to employ mobile application software to guide horse riders in conditioning their horses to optimal performance and to emphasize the need of using appropriate and accurate equipment. The theory of app development of the app will be using ADDIE model. The process of creating this mobile app will be undergoing five different phases of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. A sample of 40 respondents had been given free access to use and try the mobile application before a System Usability Scale (SUS) test was given. Results from the five positive-preferred SUS components had obtained a range of mean from 4.30 to 4.60, which are very close to the ideal of 5.00. The range of standard deviation also shows better whereby the range are between 0.54948 to 0.91147 which are under common ideal practice which is 1.10. The results obtained show that the users were satisfied and the usability of the mobile application was good, up to 82.5% of the respondents were interested to install the mobile application, and positive feedbacks were also recorded. These results show that people are ready and willing to use the mobile application as an alternative way to an accessible horse exercise options and horse training programs in easier way.


Abstract Purpose: Analysis of the differences in inner ear admittance achieved by a large fenestra in comparison with a small fenestra and its effect on bone conduction in stapes surgery. Materials and methods: Description of an interesting case of bilateral otosclerosis with an atypical and symmetrical behaviour of bone conduction, treated with a stapedotomy on the right ear some years before, and recently submitted to stapedectomy on the left year. Results: Concerning the left side, the first complete audiometry was made 15 days after stapedectomy and confirmed a bone conduction improvement, that subsequently increased until almost to the normality 42 days after surgery. The mean postoperative bone conduction difference was 13 dB considering all frequencies; when considering the frequencies between 500 and 2000 Hz the mean difference raised to 20 dB. Conclusions: The reported case, in which the stapedectomy was not scheduled as the first option, but derived from a particular intraoperative situation thus resulting in an almost obligatory choice, permits some interesting conceptual considerations.


Array microtremor observations were conducted in Kathmandu Valley close to six seismic stations. Sedimentary layers from surface to deep basement rock were modeled according to the derived velocity structures for site response analysis. The records in horizontal component from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake main shock at deep sedimentary sites were compared with the predictions from analysis using the records from a shallow sedimentary site as input motions. Generally, the comparisons are in good agreement where spectral amplification at long periods and suppression at short periods could be justified by the velocity models.


This article presents a database of ground motions parameters for earthquakes recorded in Japan by the Kiban Kyoshin network (KiK-net). The database includes all earthquakes in the KiK-net website with magnitude larger than three and recorded between 1996 and the end of 2017. In addition to the information KiK-net provides for each event, we have enriched the database using moment tensor solutions provided by the F-net website and, when available, finite-fault source models from the literature. Various distance measures are computed for each ground motion, including estimates of rupture distance for sufficiently large events, including those with finite-fault source models. Each ground motion is processed using an automated algorithm. Several intensity measures (i.e. spectral acceleration, smoothed and down-sampled Fourier amplitude, Arias intensity, and duration measures) of the processed ground motions are presented in the database. Intensity measures are computed both for surface and borehole records. Finally, the database includes parameters for the recording sites based on shear wave velocity profiles provided by KiK-net.


Flavour Tagging at the LHCb experiment is a fundamental tool for the measurement of B oscillations and the study of CP violation. This document explains the development of different tagging techniques and the different strategies used to combine them to determine the flavour of the B meson as precisely as possible. The response of the tagging algorithms also needs to be optimized and calibrated. Both procedures are described using the available LHCb datasets corresponding to various integrated luminosities. First results on the tagging performances are shown for different control channels and physics measurements.


The author chose predicting the weather as the subject of an early effort at knowledge engineering using Expert-2, a tiny fifth-generation type language. The results are quite interesting and possibly useful. The author deliberately kept the knowledge engineering exercise simple since he intended to run this program in a 48k Apple II using a forth system with Expert-2 on top and the application program, the weather predictor. 5 references.


With the development of foreign trade,international trade major in higher vocational colleges has become the first choice of professional training of skilled personnel.However,foreign trade enterprises to work setting is more meticulous,and the foreign trade personnel demand ratio increased gradually,but the requirements are also more stringent.Now,higher vocational colleges should focus on the issue,how to do a good job in specialty construction,training for local and national economic development for the application type talents of foreign trade.This paper from the foreign trade enterprise to talented person's demand and higher vocational colleges to cultivate skilled application type talents of foreign trade,puts forward to some suggestions.


The aim of the study was to study and analyze the effect of digital marketing and capacity building on the performance of SMEs in Medan City simultaneously, examine and analyze the effect of digital marketing on the performance of SMEs in Medan, study and analyze the influence of capacity building on the performance of SMEs in Medan. The method used to analyze the data is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of research conducted by researchers prove that there is an influence of digital marketing on the growth of SMEs. This can be seen from the results of the partial test (t-test) where the value of tcount> t table (8.962> 1.979) and the significance value of 0,000 <0.05. So the results of the study reject H0 and accept Ha. The results of the research prove that there is an influence of capacity building on the growth of SMEs. So the results of the study reject H0 and accept Ha.
The results of this study mean that SMEs need capacity building or capacity building.


Over the past decade, many occupational science scholars have emphasized the critical potential of occupational science; that is, its capacity to generate knowledge to inform practices that work against occupational inequities. Within this lecture, previously articulated concerns regarding the 'individualizing of occupation' within occupational science are politicized, by placing them within the broader 'individualizing of the social' that is associated with neoliberalism and related socio-political transformations. This broader 'individualizing of the social', which has involved configuring various social problematics as individual concerns and responsibilities within an array of social policies, discourses and practices, obscures the economic, political and other social factors that shape inequities in possibilities for work, retirement, education, leisure and other occupations. Working against such inequities requires problematizing the 'individualizing of occupation', within and outside of occupationa...


T WO hundred years ago, in the late spring of I754, the famous Scottish chemist and physician, Joseph Black (I728-I 799), put the finishing touches on his thesis for the doctorate of medicine at the University of Edinburgh. Entitled Dissertatio medica inauguralis, de humore acido a cibis orto, et magnesia alba, and hardly exceeding in its 46 octavo pages "the customary academic brevity" 1 urged upon the medical candidates of that time and place, it has received unstinted praise as one of the great classics of the history of science. In June I755, exactly a year after the thesis was printed, Black presented his findings to the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh in a paper called Experiments upon AMagnesia Alba, Quicklime, and Some other Alcaline Substances; this was published the following year in the Essays and Observations of this Society.2 It was in this English guise, and not through the Latin Dissertatio (which because of the small size of the edition was a work of extreme rarity until late in the eighteenth century),' that Black's work came to the attention of the British pneumatic chemists and, after an unaccountable delay,4 influenced the French scientists of Lavoisier's generation. Black's achievements in chemistry are well known. He studied and carefully


Discipline is berperanguh to increased student achievement. This study aims to collect information on students' disciplinary effect on student achievement in the subjects of Civics at SMK Pasundan 1 Subang. Using the theory of discipline (Maman Rachman and A. Kosasih Djahiri) and the theory of learning achievement (Moh. Surya). By using a quantitative approach. Penenlitian sample as many as 108 students and 2 teachers Civics. The results showed that the discipline of the students have a significant influence on the improvement of student achievement that is, True 0, 832. It can be concluded that the higher discipline learners, it will be a good learning achievements of learners, especially on the subjects PPKn in SMK Pasundan 1 Subang

Keywords: Discipline, Learning Achievement and Citizenship Education


Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of nm23 and mdm2 genes and the differentiation and metastasis of embryonic malignant tumors in children.Methods The protein expressions of nm23 and mdm2 in 50 cases of embryonic tumor were detected by s-p immunohistochemical method.Results The positive rates of nm23 and mdm2 were 50% and 64% respectively. The positive expression of nm23 was correlated to high degree of differentiation and low tendency of lymph node metastasis, while that of mdm2 was reversed the condition (P0.05).Conclusions Determining the expression of nm23 and mdm2 simultaneously in embryonic malignant tumors is of certain value for evaluating their biological behavior and predicting the prognosis.


Aimed at ecologists, soil science, and forestry researchers as well as environmental managers concerned with the protection of forest resources, this book examines the indirect, soil-mediated effects acidic deposition are compared with historical trends and those in other regions. The authors discuss the geomorphology and major types of soil involved, assess their sensitivity and the effect of changing nutrient supplies, present simulation models, and offer recommendations for future research and environmental policy.


The imperative for a reformulation of social skills training theory for adults with mental retarda tion is discussed. Current practices in social skills training for persons with mental retardation are summa rized along with potential reasons for their concomitant lack of maintenance and generalization of treatment gains. In order to better understand the process of social skills acquisition, the concept of social competence must be redefined. A cognitive-behavioral definition and model of social competence and social skills is described which attempts to unify traditional social learning concepts with more recent advances in research and practice with persons with cognitive deficits, along with a focus on its utility in the training of social skills among persons with mental retardation. Attempts to incorporate the concept of social Halpern, 1985; Park & Gaylord-Ross, 1989; competence into a definition of mental retarStorey & Gaylord-Ross, 1987), and have dation have been under way for almost 60 found that appropriate social skills are instru years (Doll, 1935; Greenspan & Granfield, mental for acquiring and maintaining em 1992; Sloan & Stevens, 1976; Tredgold, ployment (Cheney & Foss, 1984; Greenspan 1922,1937); indeed, even Itard (1962) wrote & Shoultz, 1981) and in fostering appro that his objective in training Victor was to priate and meaningful social support (Nie increase his ability to engage in appropriate tupski, et al,. 1986; Siegel, et al., 1989; social exchanges. Social skills training for Storey & Gaylord-Ross, 1987). children and adults with mental retardation has received increased attention from re. " . , , . , Defining Social Skills searchers and practitioners over the last sev eral years (Abordo & Vreeland, 1987; Castles The purpose of any social interaction is to & Glass, 1986a, 1986b; Chin-Perez, Park, elicit positive reinforcement and avoid pun Sacks, & Gaylord-Ross, 1986; Clement-Heist, ishment from one's environment. Definitions Siegel, & Gaylord-Ross, 1992; Davies & of social skills vary; some conceptualizations Rogers, 1985; Foxx, McMorrow, Bittle, & define these behaviors solely as overt behav Ness, 1986; Park 8c Gaylord-Ross, 1989). iors such as eye contact and gestures (Castles Professionals in special education are in8c Glass, 1986a, 1986b) and finite verbal re creasingly seeing the relevance of social skills sponses to finite social stimuli (Gaylord-Ross, training in the preparation of individuals Forte, Storey, Gaylord-Ross, & Jameson, with disabilities for employment and indepen1987; Gaylord-Ross, Stremel-Campbell, & dent living (Breen, Haring, Pitts-Conway, & Storey, 1986; Storey & Gaylord-Ross, 1987). Gaylord-Ross, 1985; Castles & Glass, 1986a, Other researchers use less molecular ap 1986b; Chin-Perez, et al., 1986; Doll, 1935; proaches to define social skills; according to their definitions, social skills are any learned overt or covert behaviors used in an interper The author would like to gratefully acknowlsonal exchange to obtain or maintain rein edge the assistance of Omer Elkan, Hyun Sook r ^ r ni*/-u • . i j w i oforcement from one s environment (Cart Park, |im Chnstopoulos and Marlene Simon. . . w.n ..T., , Correspondence concerning this manuscript ,edSe & Mllburn' 1986^ Kel,y> 1982^ Wlld" should be addressed to Tom Gumpel, School of man & Wildman, 1980). These behaviors Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, include, but are not limited to, overt and ob Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel 91905 or TGUMservable behaviors, are situationally specific, email@example.com. goal oriented and rule governed (Chadsey 194 / Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities-September 1994 This content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Thu, 19 May 2016 04:17:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Rusch, 1992). To label someone as socially proach to social competence and encom skillful implies a judgement regarding the efpasses constructs described by Meichen ficacy of that individual s overt behaviors in a baum, Butler and Gurson (1981). The model specific situation (McFall, 1982). Being sodiscussed here encompasses six key areas: de cially skillful implies that in a particular situacoding skills, decision skills, performance tion an individual performed a behavior such skills, self-monitoring judgments, environ that the potential for receiving possible reinmental judgments and cognitive structures, forcement from the environment is maxi


Breast cancer is the most common type of malevolent tumour in females, constituting about 30% of all cancers in females worldwide. Incidence rate of disease has increased by 20% since 2008 globally. Moreover, the complexity of disease arises due its variable nature and several types. However, in the past few years, mortality rate of disease has been reduced significantly due to adoption of various treatments like surgery, radiation, chemotherapy etc, and emergence of breast cancer screening. At present, chemotherapy is the most efficient treatment for disease. However, their side effects cause a long term provocation on patient's health. Thus, there is a need to develop a new treatment strategy that can only target the malignant cells without causing any harm to the adjacent body cells. Nanomedicines are auspicious alternative for treatment of breast cancer. Nanomedicines refer to materials having biomedical applications and have size range below 100 nm. A variety of nanocarriers are available like polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanotubes, liposomes, etc. Some of the nanocarriers like liposomes (Doxil) and nanoparticles (Abraxane) have been used successfully for breast cancer treatment. These nanomedicines hold immense potential to refine treatment strategies against breast cancer. They can enhance the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics profiles of conventional treatments and may optimize the efficacy of existing drugs. Site specific delivery of anticancer drugs using nanocarriers results in increased therapeutic efficiency of conventional drugs. Nanomedicines based approaches are used to understand the interaction of cancerous cells with their surrounding cells. This review provides insight knowledge about the pathophysiology, current risk factors, types of breast cancers, and targeted drug delivery for breast cancer using nanomedicines approach to conquer the limitations of conventional therapy.


The rarefied gas flow in a circular tube whose wall is nonuniform in temperature is analyzed using the Maxwell moment method, with special reference to thermal creep. The results obtained are in fair agreement with both Sone and Yamamoto's and the calculations worked out at the low Knudsen number by the elementary kinetic theory of gases.


A nation can only be as healthy as its people. The daily news reminds us that we are overweight and obese and are suffering from preventable chronic diseases and that our country cannot sustain the level of health care costs through the next few decades. Extension professionals have the knowledge and experience to examine our food system closely and carry the momentum to promote healthy sustainable food systems aligned with our national guidelines. The goal is to create linkages among food systems, public health, and sustainable agriculture in order to achieve healthier eating and healthier communities.


Roa-Ureta, R., and Niklitschek, E. 2007. Biomass estimation from surveys with likelihood-based geostatistics. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64.A likelihood-based geostatistical method for estimating fish biomass from survey data is presented. Biomass estimates from analysis of a positive random variable with an additional discrete probability mass at zero means that the method accommodates null observations and positive fish density. The positive fish density data were used to estimate mean fish density in the subareas where the stock was present. A presence/absence representation of the data in the survey area was modelled with a generalized linear spatial model of the binomial family, leading to an estimate of the area effectively occupied by the stock. As an extension, a procedure is proposed to accommodate extra sources of correlation, such as multiple surveys or multiple vessels. The new methodology was applied to three cases. The simplest case is a scallop trawl survey for which only the positive density data need to be analysed. The intermediate case is a trawl survey of highly mobile squid where the stock area and the mean density inside the stock area are analysed. The most complex case is in estimating the biomass of very localized orange roughy, for which repeat surveys create dependence in the data in addition to spatial correlation.


A field experiment carried out in the wooden canopy - Department of Horticulture and Gardening Engineering - College of Agriculture - University of Anbar to testing the response of Stevia rebaudiana bertoni to spraying with - Bio-Enriched and nano Proline, Where three levels of Nano- Bio-Enriched (0mg, 50mg and 100mg) were used, three levels of nano Proline were used (0mg, 100mg and 200mg). The results were recorded showed that the treatments were sprayed with the Nano- Bio-Enriched (100mg) were significantly superior with the highest ratios of the stem's diameter (ml), Number of branches per plant and Chlorophyll content in the leaves.


Cinder ash is obtained from volcanic eruption. It is a kind of porous rock with good performance and is formed by the cooling of the volcanic eruption. The utilization of thermal industries waste cinder ash can reduce the consumption of natural resource, Reduce the quantity of expensive cement and reduce environmental pollution. Investigation can carried out to gainful utilization of cinder ash in concrete mixtures, this product does not only have the advantages of light weight, heat insulation, good sound insulation, simple process and low price, but also meets the demands of building energy saving and reducing structure weight .It is replaced by cinder ash in the range of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% respectively. And also we are using the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as an admixture to improve better strength. The chemical composition and mineralogical characteristics of cinder ash is similar to fly ash. It could be an expensive replacement for ordinary Portland cement in concrete and using it, improves strength in 30%.