My doctoral research intersects two recent developments of the global economy. The first is the emergence of the wind turbine industry, to provide the machines for climate-friendly electricity generation. The second is the increasing importance of production networks in East Asia. Production networks are defined by the cross-border dispersion of component production/assembly within vertically integrated production processes. In industries where a production network pattern is in place, each country specializes in a particular stage of the production sequence.

The ultimate goal of my research is to understand which factors determine the participation of East Asia developing countries in wind turbine industry's production network. The findings from this research will broaden our understanding on production networks and its policy implications for developing countries in East Asia, Vietnam in particular.

This first-year poster presents four preliminary trade data analysis results. A) Except for a unique decline in 2009, the extent of the wind turbine network had been expanding during the period 2007-2014. B) The network was intra-regional rather than inter-regional. C) Europe was the largest one followed by Asia. D) Developing countries in East Asia only account for minor share of the network. Next, these findings will be confronted to the existing theoretical concept models based on neo-classical trade theory; industrial organization theory and global value chain theory. In the following years, such quantitative international trade analysis will be completed by qualitative sector surveys, most likely in Europe.


Till now world-wide system of color selection is ones used matrix color filters (MCF).This system possesses many drawbacks. Earlier we have offered system of formation of primary colors due to decomposition of white color on color components by means of active or passive diffractive gratings generated in each pixel – DLCD [1]. This type of displays removes many drawbacks inherent in well-known displays. In the present work we offer one more type of displays in which formation of primary colors is carried out by means of active or passive phase Fresnel lenses (FL) [1-4]. We named this display as " FrenLCD)". The formation of primary colors is made by nonswitchable or switchable phase Fresnel lenses. It is known that system consisting of alternating transparent and opaque rings (amplitude Fresnel lens) radiuses, Rk, of which are chosen according to the expression: Rk = k λ f, possesses the ability to collect light in the certain points of space lying on an optical axis, with waves of different lengths being focused in different axis points (in focuses of the different orders). FL forms system of focuses of different orders and can be done in the circular or cylindrical shape (FIGURE 1). If the alternating rings differ not in transparency, but in value of refraction indices (phase FL), then at correctly chosen refraction indices there can be concentrated up to 85-95 % of total light energy in the first order focus. This property of phase FL is used for design of two versions of FrenLCDs. First of them is presented on FIGURE 2. In second versions FL is formed of LC segments with initial orientation and LC segments reoriented owing to the applying of voltage The detailed description of FrenLCDs design is resulted [2-3], problems of backlighting and opportunities of manufacturing in conditions of mass production are discussed. The working breadboard model of the first version is shown. References 1. Tsvetkov,V.A., Diffractive Liquid Crystal Displays ( overview of Tsvetkov activity), Proceedings of IMID'03 ( Daegu, Korea, 9-12 July, 2003) in special issue of J. of Information Display, vol. 4, no. 1,2003,pp 9-13, 2. Pat. Russia 2169349, 2169350 prior.23.11.1998 3. Proc. of the Diffractive Optics Meeting (DO2005), 3-7 September 2005, Warsaw, Poland, P-017


A 48-year-old woman who weighed 176 kg and had known hypertension presented with acute chest pain radiating to the back and numbness of the left arm. On admission, the left arm was cold and the left radial pulse was significantly weaker than the right. ECG showed inferolateral ST-segment elevation suggestive of acute myocardial infarction. Chest x-ray suggested possible widening of the mediastinum. The possibility of acute aortic dissection complicated by myocardial infarction was considered and further investigated. Computed tomographic (CT) scan of the chest could not be done because the weight limit …


Abstract. Here, we present platinum and palladium mononuclear complexes with EUV photosensitivity and lithographic performance. Many platinum and palladium complexes show little or no EUV sensitivity; however, we have found that metal carbonates and metal oxalates (L2M(CO3) and L2M(C2O4); M=Pt or Pd) are sensitive to EUV. The metal carbonates give negative-tone behavior. The most interesting result is that the metal oxalates give the first positive-tone EUV resists based on mononuclear organometallic compounds. In particular, (dppm)Pd(C2O4) (dppm=1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) (23) prints 30-nm dense lines with Esize of 50  mJ/cm2. Derivatives of (23) were synthesized to explore the relationship between the core metal and the resist sensitivity. The study showed that palladium-based resists are more sensitive than platinum-based resists. The photoreaction has been investigated for two of our most promising resists, (dppm)Pd(C2O4) (23) and (Ph2EtP)2PdC2O4 (27). Our experiments suggest the loss of CO2 and the formation of a zerovalent L4Pd complex upon exposure to light. We have identified dppm2Pd(δ(P)23.6) as the main photoproduct for (23) and (Ph2EtP)4Pd (δ(P)32.7) as the main photoproduct for (27).


Overuse and misuse of different antibiotics are considered as one of the main causes of antibiotics accumulation in the environment, most commonly used antibiotics are semimetabolized and excreted by humans to the environment. Studies reported that antibiotic usage exceeds 100,000 tons per year, and this amount may be shocking. However, in fact, the persistence of antibiotic compounds may be more dangerous than the used amount, so it is necessary to develop new methods for elimination of these new pollutants from the environment, especially from water. In this paper, we highlight new and more efficient methods used for removing antibiotic residues (AR) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The new techniques are Fe3O4/red mud nanoparticles, 3D hierarchical porous-structured biochar aerogels, calcined layered double hydroxides, co-doped UiO-66 nanoparticles, Cu@TiO2 hybrids, bioelectrochemical systems, and aerobic granulation process. Most of these methods showed good performance in removing AR and ARGs that ranged from 85% to 95%. These percentages are consider very efficient compared with traditional wastewater treatment methods.


The lithomechanics of Yangla Cu deposit is simulated with the 3D elasticity-plasticity finite element program 3D—σ.According to this simulation,we put forward the parameter of stope structure,which is a good guide to the mining of Yangla Cu orefield.


A woman in her 40s was referred to her local university for ophthalmic examination. She had been receiving care for dry eye syndrome, hyperopia, and presbyopia by another eye care clinician, and on routine examination a circumscribed elevation of her right iris was found. She noted intermittent shooting pain responsive to artificial tears in this eye; otherwise, she was without ophthalmic symptoms. She did not have any significant medical or family history, and review of symptoms was unremarkable. On examination, corrected distance Snellen acuity was 20/20 OU. Intraocular pressures were 12 mm Hg OD and 10 mm Hg OS. Slitlamp examination revealed a circumscribed elevation of the right iris inferotemporally (Figure, A). Her iris was uniformly pigmented, and gonioscopy revealed an iridocorneal angle open to scleral spur with a circumscribed area of iris insertion anterior to the Schwalbe line inferotemporally, not deepening on compression. Her lens was clear, and no iridociliary lesions were appreciated after pupillary dilation. The optic nerve and fundus appeared normal. The left eye appeared healthy with a uniformly deep anterior chamber. Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the right eye was performed, showing an inferotemporal lesion (Figure, B), with few similar-appearing lesions located in other quadrants. Slitlamp examination A Ultrasound biomicroscopy B


Networks Without a Cause offers a provocative and critical review of today's well established social media. The book departs from the recognition that new media has reached a second phase of maturation, after Wikileaks and the Arab Spring demonstrated the politically crucial dimension of the Internet. This political shift is accompanied by growing criticism over corporations such as Facebook or Google, and a general concern about Net Neutrality and regulation of the Internet. In the words of the author, "the friction-free days of a 'multi-stakeholder' governance [of the Internet] are now over," (P. 1) and what comes next is a confusing struggle for the definition of the technological foundations of our society.


This report is the one of the experimental results of heat transfer on the revolving steam condenser tube, under the conditions : the contained air 0∼30% by weight, and film condensation. The experimental apparatus used is revolving condenser tube which was reported by Professor N. Yamanaka on this Journal, 1937. The results of the present experiment show that on the revolving condenser, not only the coefficients of heat transfer, but the safety for the air effect, are considerably increased.


The aim of this research is to conduct initial research on the process of melting basalt rocks using an upright shaft furnace. The preliminary process of melting basalt rock has been carried out as a raw of advanced material. The raw material of basalt was obtained from East Lampung, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Coke is used as fuel for the smelting process. Laboratory scale of shaft furnace which is designed and made by Research Unit for Mineral Technology is used for the smelting process. The basalt smelting process lasts for 4 hours, starting from the charging materials to the tapping process, with a process temperature of 1500-1600 °C. The yield of this process can reach 68,7%, while the rest was trap inside the bottom of the furnace due to lack of pressure at the end of the smelting process and the other was lost during the process. The product was basalt cast with the following dominant composition is MgO 5.244%, Al2O3 21.295%, SiO2 48.750, CaO 10.138%, Fe2O3 11.019%, TiO2 1.361% and Na2O 2.132%. However, the products obtained are still brittle. Therefore, further research related to the crystallization process needs to be done to obtain products that are not brittle.


The paper describes the first results of noise radar experiments carried out at Warsaw University of Technology. The radar system was built with Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components: log-periodic antennas, an arbitrary waveform generator and a two-channel spectrum analyzer. The radar operated in the continuous-wave mode, and the aim was to detect moving targets in the received signal. The paper shows the system setup as well as the numerical results obtained from the recorded signals.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The future healthcare workforce are expected to serve as role models given that their roles cover patient education concerning positive health behavior. In light of the changes in healthcare, towards patient centered care and positive health, the need to encourage students of health sciences to adopt the concept of positive health will be necessary. Aim: To explore the attitudes of lecturers and students of health to the new concept of Positive Health, using the 6 domains, in Dutch health education systems with different health care professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional study comparing the perception towards health in students and lecturers of the health department of an Applied University in the Netherlands with the data of patients and other stakeholders. Results: Students scored aspects of social participation, mental functioning and daily functioning as less important compared to patients. Lecturers scored the aspects of bodily functions and daily functioning less important compared to patients. Conclusion: These differences in scores should be addressed in educational programs of health professionals because all aspects of health are important to the patient's experienced health.


A new mathematical representation of linguistic concepts which is called cloud model, together with its theory ,is presented in this the paper.With the new model of cloud and a virtual rule engine, a novel uncertainty reasoning mechanism is proposed.


OBJECTIVE
The author's objective was to determine whether the length of postoperative stay for patients after colorectal cancer surgery is associated with prognosis.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA
Financial pressure to reduce hospital costs has caused physicians to reduce hospital stays by changes in patient care, which reduce hospital stay but may compromise long-term results.

METHODS
Using multivariate analysis, the author examined the relationship between postoperative stay and prognosis in a consecutive series of 341 prospectively studied patients with colorectal cancer undergoing potentially curative surgery.

RESULTS
In multivariate analysis, patients staying beyond the median of 11 days had more complications (p=0.000), more left hemicolectomies and procedures with colostomies (p=0.000), were older (p=0.002), and lost more blood (p=0.012) than patients staying less than the median. Disease-free survival was significantly and independently related to Dukes' stage (p=0.000), postoperative stay (p=0.001), and blood transfusion (p=0.011). The mean postoperative stay for the 98 patients who later developed recurrence was 15 days compared to 12 days for the 243 patients who remained disease free (p=0.0008). Cumulative disease-free survival of the 142 patients who stayed more than the median of 11 days was 60% compared to 77% for the 199 patients with shorter stays (p=0.000).

CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that shorter hospital stays do not compromise disease-free survival of patients with colorectal cancer.


A major challenge for image guided tumor ablation is the high treatment variability due to heterogeneous tissue characteristics and thermal sinks. In this work, we present a methodology to analyze the geometry of the treatment zones and treatment zone variability. Our first contribution is an applicator centric co-ordinate system which enables us to compare treatment zones and vendor specifications across patients. Our second contribution is the analysis of the shape of the ablation zone using applicator centric longitudinal 2D cross sections. We present initial results of applying this methodology to analyze the geometry and variability in synthetic examples like ellipsoid, sphere and real microwave ablation zones in lung and liver.


Park, Hyangsook, Choi, Sungmook, & Lee, Minho. (2012). Visual input enhancement, attention, grammar learning, and reading comprehension: An eye movement study. English Teaching, 67(4), 241-265. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of visual input enhancement (VIE) of target forms and deliberate attention on grammar learning and reading comprehension of Korean high school students. In Experiment 1, eighty-eight students read one of the three experimental texts: (i) BT (baseline text), (ii) VIE (BT with the target forms visually enhanced), and (iii) VIE-Attention (VIE with explicit instruction asking students to pay deliberate attention to both the target forms and reading comprehension). After reading, the students responded to grammar and reading comprehension tests. The results showed that only VIE-Attention promoted grammar learning, while both the VIE and VIE-Attention significantly impaired reading comprehension. In Experiment 2, an eye tracker was used in order to further probe the effects of VIE and deliberate attention. The results revealed that the VIE and VIEAttention groups fixated longer and more often than those in the BT group and that the VIE and VIE-Attention groups performed better in the grammar test and poorer on the reading comprehension test than the BT group. The present study makes significant contributions to the VIE literature since it provides the first eye movement data elucidating the effects of VIE.


This paper presents a space-time varying channel model for Off-Body scenarios. Real-time measurements at 2.45 GHz were performed using two different antennas, in order to investigate the impact of antenna polarisation on channel characteristics. Channel gain and fading models were extracted in both Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions. A shadowing characterization, which accounts for the angular orientation of the human body, is also presented.


The invention discloses a kind of flax and bamboo fiber blended fabric. The flax and bamboo fiber blended fabric is formed by weaving 5-45wt% of bamboo fiber and 55-95wt% flax fiber in a blending mode. The flax and bamboo fiber blended fabric has good antibacterial performance.


RUSA and its Sections are home to many knowledgeable and influential librarians who place library users at the center of their work. Each year members of RUSA's Achievement Awards honor the most outstanding people, institutions, and projects in the field of reference and user services. This year's selections were made possible with the hard work of our many superb committee volunteers, the people who took the time to nominate awardees, and the vendors who sponsored the awards.For each of the awards the winner is listed with a brief summary of why they were chosen. Further information about the winners is available in the RUSA Update press releases at http://www.rusaupdate.org/category/news/awards-news/.The nomination period for the 2019 Awards opens in October 2018. See the individual award websites at http://www.rusaupdate.org/awards/ for further information.—Editor


When an object is moving in acceleration with fluid interaction from surrounding, it possesses virtual mass (added mass) in which the total mass of object is higher than the original mass. The exact conformal mapping method was proposed to determine the virtual mass. However, it is difficult to determine the virtual mass for the body of random shape by using conformal mapping. Therefore the new concept of mapping function is proposed. It is based on Laurent series that has been proposed to map the body of random shape to a circle. The function of a body shape is expressed in Fourier series which is essential to determine the complex coefficients of mapping function (Laurent series). Proposed method is compared with exact conformal method (equilateral polygon) and the validity is confirmed.


Central heating plant will consist of three natural gas boilers. Mechanical System Optimization Guide Distribution piping configuration will be direct return. Boiler plant control will be fully automatic with manual override capability. Information regarding the safe operation of the boiler in room C130 at Stoney Creek Campus. Please Boiler plant and distribution system optimization manual. through optimization of bed material in a CFBC Boiler during plant start up. any type of combustion system as the temperature maintained in the furnace is high. bottom of the furnace through air distribution nozzles. The fluidising velocity.


Two novel high nuclearity copper(I) alkynyl complexes, [Cu16(hfac)8(CCBut)8]
(1) and [Cu20(hfac)8(CCCH2Ph)12]
(2), that consist of complicated alkynyl bridged Cu(I) cores 'capped' by peripheral hfac ligands have been synthesised and characterised by X-ray structure determination. The photoluminescent properties of 1 and 2 together with the clusters, [Cu18(hfac)10(CCBun)8]
(4) and [Cu26(hfac)11(CCPrn)15]
(5) and the monomeric species, [Cu(hfac)(HCCCH2OMe)]
(3), [Cu(hfac)(Me3SiCCSiMe3)]
(6) and [Cu(hfac)(COD)]
(7) are reported. A comparison of the photoluminescent spectra of the high nuclearity species with the related monomeric complexes have shown that the cluster luminescence is derived from transitions within the delocalised Cu-hfac chelate ring.


Dose-dependent differences in the rewarding and stimulant properties of cocaine administered intravenously (IV) and intraperitoneally (IP) were compared. Six 2-day conditioning trials were conducted over consecutive days. Rats received cocaine and were placed into a compartment on one day of the trial, and were directly placed into a different compartment without drug on the other day. Rats were exposed to the compartments for either 20 or 40 rain. The effects of cocaine on stimulant behaviors, including locomotion and stereotypies, were compared following the first and last injection. After conditioning, three tests were given with 1 rest day intervening each: (1) conditioned place preference (CPP) was measured as an increase in the amount of time animals spent in the injection compartment relative to the noninjection compartment when given access to both, (2) conditioned activity (CA) was measured as an increase in stimulant behaviors in cocaine-treated animals relative to saline controls following an injection of saline in the injection compartment and (3) context-independent sensitization was measured as an increase in stimulant behaviors following an injection of cocaine in the noninjection compartment relative to the animals' behavior following the first injection. Cocaine did not reliably produce sensitization of locomotion under any of the conditions examined. Cocaine produced sensitization of headbobbing that was more robust following IP administration than it was following IV administration. In both cases, sensitization of headbobbing involved a contextindependent component. Cocaine produced CPP and CA with both routes of administration. CPP was established more readily with 40-min relative to 20-min exposures following IV administration, whereas CA was more prevalent with 20-min relative to 40-rain exposures. This study provides a thorough characterization of the behavioral effects of cocaine administered IV and a new efficient method for assessing the effects of cocaine on conL. E. O'Dell (~) T. V. Khroyan • J. L. Neisewander Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA ditioned and unconditioned behaviors following repeated administration.


The development of technology, information, and communication create new era that called digital era. This era bring a big transformation for human activities, one of them is in educational sector. Digital class is developed in educational sector, now, some of scholls use digital class for their learning program. This issue encourages the researcher to investigate about learning process, strength, and weakness in digital class. This study was conducted in 7C of SMP Islam Al Azhar 21 Sukoharjo because this school have been developing digital class since two years ago. This study is qualitative research. The data collection use interview and observation. The observation was conducted for two weeks. The result of study shows that the learning process in digital class is to be more interserting because using any softwares and applications. The strength of digital class also making students do not bring many books to the school. In other hand, the weakness of digital class is the interaction between the teacher and the students to be limited therefore, the class situation is not condusive yet.Keywords: Technology; Digital Class; Learning; Education.


Abstract : New methods were used in theoretical studies on the dynamical development of final state populations in atom-molecule reactive collisions. Quantitative calculations of the H+H2 exchange reaction showed that information theory predicts rotational distributions far from equilibrium. A new theory of vibration excitation in electron-molecule scattering was devised. Accurate (1%) cross sections for e(-) He scattering below 19 eV were computed variationally. (Author)


[Purpose] The aim of this study was to determine whether high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (HF-TENS) influences spasticity and motor function recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). [Subjects] Thirty six male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were received contusive SCI at T10 level. One week after SCI, 20 rats with SCI showed increased spasticity. Rats with spasticity after SCI were randomly assigned into two groups: the HF-TENS group (n=10) and the control group (n=10). [Methods] HF-TENS stimulation (100 Hz, 200 μs) was applied to anterior tubercle of the tibia near the knee joint and ankle joint in front of the achilles tendon. To test the effects of HF-TENS on spasticity and motor function recovery, we assessed BBB, combined behavioral score and Modified Ashworth scale for 9 days, at 1 hour after HF-TENS application on hindlimb. [Results] Rats with HF-TENS showed a significant decrease in spasticity 7 days after the HF-TENS application and a prominent improvement in functional outcome 5 days after the HF-TENS application compared to the control group. [Conclusion] Our results suggest that HF-TENS may help relieve spasticity and improve recovery of motor function after SCI.


A series of numerical simulations using a one-dimensional energy balance model suggest that both the depth and the intensity of the nocturnal temperature inversion depend on surface emissivity eg and a ground cooling rate parameter β (which in the model is a surrogate for the inverse square root of the soil thermal diffusivity), especially under calm conditions. It is found that, after a transient that may last a few hours after nominal sunset, both depth and intensity follow the classical parabolic growth law, but only under calm conditions. If the ground cools faster the transient for the inversion depth is longer and the inversion deeper. If the surface is radiatively darker, the transient is again longer but the inversion depth is lower. The temperature at the top of the inversion is not strongly influenced by ∈ g or β, but, depending on whether the reference is taken at the surface or at screen height, the intensity of the inversion decreases (or increases) with a drop in ∈ g ; it also increases with increase in ground cooling rate but with either choice of reference temperature. With wind, the inversion may be deeper during the transient than under calm conditions, but eventually becomes both shallower and weaker, and may disappear altogether at high winds. The effect of wind is found to be negligible when the friction velocity is less than 0.2 ms -1 . Comparison with observations shows general qualitative agreement, but also suggests that the highly variable results reported in the literature on inversion parameters may be due to site-dependent surface characteristics whose effects, till now ignored, need explicit attention in future field observations and models.


The heliographic equator is investigated using the source surface model of the heliomagnetic field. Considering only the dipole and guadrupole terms in the sperical harmonic expansion of the potential solar field, the heliosheric current sheet on the source surface is identified as the thin neutral sheet where the radial component of the field goes to zero. It is shown that a system (i) with eccentric dipole or (ii) with a tilted dipole equatorial quadruple can assign north-south asymmetry to the heliospheric current sheet. The observed north-south asymmetry in the heliospheric current sheet can thus be understood in the terms of the relative strengths and phase angles of the various multipoles present in the heliomagnetic field.


We report coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy with ns-pulses. The chosen wide-field geometry allows imaging of the whole field of view at once, without scanning of the sample. Tuning the difference of the two incident laser frequencies overlapping at the sample to a specific vibrational level, one can map the spatial distribution of selected Raman active molecules. Both the CARS signal of the surrounding solvent can be excited (negative contrast) as well as the signal of the structure embedded by the solvent (positive contrast). As a biological sample we used slices of a sunflower seed and tuned to the vibrational transition of its ingredient - linoleic acid - at 2870 cm-1 which corresponds to the strongest C-H stretching vibration. Even with a single pair of laser pulses of 3 ns duration it was possible to acquire a rough, but still meaningful image.


CdTe and Cd0.9Zn0.1Te (CZT) crystals have been studied extensively for various applications including x- and γ-ray imaging and high energy radiation detectors. The crystals were grown from zone refined ultra-pure precursor materials using a vertical Bridgman furnace. The growth process has been monitored, controlled, and optimized by a computer simulation and modeling program developed in our laboratory. The grown crystals were thoroughly characterized after cutting wafers from the ingots and processed by chemo-mechanical polishing (CMP). The infrared (IR) transmission images of the post-treated CdTe and CZT crystals showed average Te inclusion size of ~10 μm for CdTe and ~8 μm for CZT crystal. The etch pit density was ≤ 5×104 cm-2 for CdTe and ≤ 3×104 cm-2 for CZT. Various planar and Frisch collar detectors were fabricated and evaluated. From the current-voltage measurements, the electrical resistivity was estimated to be ~ 1.5×1010 Ω-cm for CdTe and 2-5×1011 Ω-cm for CZT. The Hecht analysis of electron and hole mobility-lifetime products (μτe and μτh) showed μτe = 2×10-3 cm2/V (μτh = 8×10-5 cm2/V) and 3-6×10-3 cm2/V (μτh = 4- 6×10-5 cm2/V) for CdTe and CZT, respectively. Detectors in single pixel, Frisch collar, and coplanar grid geometries were fabricated. Detectors in Frisch grid and guard-ring configuration were found to exhibit energy resolution of 1.4% and 2.6 %, respectively, for 662 keV gamma rays. Assessments of the detector performance have been carried out also using 241Am (60 keV) showing energy resolution of 4.2% FWHM.


In the course towards a safe future hydrogen based society, one of the tasks to be considered is the investigation of the conditions under which the use or storage of hydrogen systems inside buildings becomes too dangerous to be accepted. One of the relevant scenarios, which is expected to have a relatively high risk, is a slow (and long lasting) hydrogen release from a vehicle stored in a closed private garage without any forced ventilation, i.e. only with natural ventilation. This scenario has been earlier investigated experimentally (by M. Swain), using He (helium) to simulate the hydrogen behavior. In the present work the CFD code ADREA-HF is used to simulate three of the abovementioned experiments, using the standard k-ε turbulence model. For each case modeled the predicted concentration (by vol.) time series are compared against the experimental at the given sensor locations. In addition the structure of the flow is investigated by presenting the helium concentration field. NOMENCLATURE Upper-case Roman P Pressure (Pa) Ri Specific gas constant of species i (J kmol -1 K -1 ) T Temperature (K) Lower-case Roman d Molecular diffusivity of helium to air (m 2 s -1 ) gi Gravity acceleration in the i-direction (m s -2 ) k Turbulent kinetic energy (m 2 s -2 ) q1, q2 Mass fraction of component 1, 2 (-) t Time (s) ui i component of velocity (m s -1 ) u + Normalized parallel to wall velocity (-) xj Cartesian j co-ordinate (m) y + Normalized distance from the wall (-) y Distance of current node to nearest solid surface (m) z Cartesian z co-ordinate (m) Lower-case Greek ε Turbulent energy dissipation rate (m 2 s -3 ) κ von Karman constant (-) μ, μt Laminar and turbulent viscosity (kg m -1 s -1 ) ρ, ρi Mixture density, i-component density (kg m -3 ) σ Τurbulent Schmidt and Prandtl number (-) τw Wall shear stress (N m -2 )


Despite the growing interest in, and market for, eco-friendly dairy production, a large-scale transition is not taking place. This is partly explained by the institutional context, since dairy production is organized in supply chains that generate interdependencies and, in turn, are subject to stakeholder influence. However, it is also partly attributed to the conditions that give rise to the creation of distinct benefits. Those benefits are most likely to be generated by an eco-friendly initiative that is central to the involved firms' mission, visible to stakeholders, and provides value beyond that of conventional dairy products. Moreover, it must be complemented to ensure a competitive position by firms' ability to capitalize on asymmetries in business assessment, stakeholder management and issue management. The provided model allows firms to make a sound business case that can provide both economic, reputational, and social benefits.


Abstract The latest wave of European integration process, cultural Europeanization, includes complex processes, such as the attempts to create a shared European memory that would transcend national interpretations of the past. The cultural Europeanization can be perceived as a narrative operation: in it the EU, Europe, and Europeanness are given meanings and made sense of through narrativization. The article investigates the EU's attempts to create a shared European memory by analyzing the exhibition narrative of the Parlamentarium, the visitors' center of the European Parliament. The analysis indicates how the construction of an official shared European memory is operationalized through textual and narrative devices such as intertextuality and the pending narrative structure. I argue that the EU's memory texts are performative narratives which do not only describe a shared European memory in a particular way but also position the receivers as active agents in the story of the EU–Europe and invite them to produce it on their own initiative.


-MMN (1), TPA-ThTT-MMN (2), and TPA-ThDTT-MMN (3), comprising a triphenylamine donor and a methylene malononitrile acceptor linked by various π-conjugated thiophene units were synthesized, and the effects of the π-conjugated bridging unit on the photo-voltaic characteristics of solution-processed small-molecule organic solar cells based on these semiconductorswere investigated. Planar bridging units with extended π-conjugation effectively facilitated intermolecular π-πpacking interactions in the solid state, resulting in enhanced J


Editor's Note: In this issue a Commentary by Dan A. Simunic and Michael T. Stein is included. Dan Simunic was the discussant of the paper at the APJAE conference and Michael Stein was the reviewer. While Mike and Dan believe that the paper is technically sound, they have some reservations about the content of the paper. The Commentary puts the paper into a broader perspective, critiques some of the authors' modeling assumptions, and discusses the problems with drawing regulatory policy implications from the authors's analysis. The Editor believes that the paper, along with the Commentary, is an interesting and useful contribution to the literature in the area.


Abstract: Financial data sometimes have not only high volatility but also heterogeneous variances. The Box Jenkins method cannot be used to overcome a model which has an effect of heteroscedasticity. One of the models can be used to overcome the effect of heteroscedasticity is GARCH model. The aims of this study are to find the best model, to estimate the parameters of the best model and to predict the share price data of JAPFA Comfeed Indonesia over the period of June 2015 to October 2016. The best model which fits to the data is ARIMA (0, 1, 2) and GARCH (1,1). The application of the two models for forecasting the share price data of JAPFA Comfeed Indonesia for the next five week period is very sound and all the forecast values are within 95% confidence interval.

Keywords: Volatility, heteroscedasticity, ARIMA, GARCH model


Background: Countries with strict lockdown had a spike on the number of deaths. A recent mathematical model has suggested that staying at home did not play a dominant role in reducing COVID-19 transmission. Comparison between number of deaths and social mobility is difficult due to the non-stationary nature of the COVID-19 data. Objective: To propose a novel approach to assess the association between staying at home values and the reduction/increase in the number of deaths due to COVID-19 in several regions around the world. Methods: In this ecological study, data from www.google.com/covid19/mobility/, ourworldindata.org and covid.saude.gov.br were combined. Countries with >100 deaths and with a Healthcare Access and Quality Index of [≥]67 were included. Data were preprocessed and analyzed using the difference between number of deaths/million between 2 regions and the difference between the percentage of staying at home. Analysis was performed using linear regression and residual analysis Results: After preprocessing the data, 87 regions around the world were included, yielding 3,741 pairwise comparisons for linear regression analysis. Only 63 (1.6%) comparisons were significant. Discussion: With our results, we were not able to explain if COVID-19 mortality is reduced by staying as home in ~98% of the comparisons after epidemiological weeks 9 to 34.


The data records of crop productivity shows wide fluctuations from one year to another, these being influenced significantly by the conditions climate variability. In general, climate variability affects all sectors of the economy, but, in particular, the agricultural sector it is the most exposed. This study aims an statistical analyze the effects induced by climatological factors on the main agricultural crops, quantified in agroclimatic risks at local and regional levels, for the period 1990-2000, in Ialomita county. Thus, we used statistical data relating to the two groups of variables: 1) agricultural productions (for the main crops – wheat and rye, corn, sunflower, sugar beet, potatoes, vegetables) and 2) climatology data (for the main climatological factors – average temperatures, rainfall, the sunshine duration and the nebulosity) and we analysed the possible correlations for those major variables.


Results of near-infrared (NIR) observations of a type 2 QSO, AX J08494+4454, at z = 0.9, which was identified in our optical follow-up observations of the ASCA Lynx deep survey, are presented. NIR J-band spectroscopic observations show presence of a narrow (FWHM = 470 km s-1) Hα emission line and no strong broad component, which confirms that this object is type 2, as suggested in the previous optical spectroscopy (no broad Hβ emission). I C and K-band imaging observations reveal that this object has a significantly redder color (I C-K = 3.4 mag) than normal type 1 QSOs but has a similar color to those of nearby type 2 Seyfert galaxies and starburst galaxies. The absolute magnitude of this object in B band is much fainter than M for the type 1 QSO luminosity function at z ~ 0.9, but about 1.5 mag brighter than M of the luminosity function for field galaxies at z ~ 0.9. The red color and the faint optical magnitude may be a result of dust extinction, or we may be seeing the host galaxy with a hidden active nucleus.


Objective Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1α) functions as a crucial transcriptional mediator in hypoxic and ischemic brain response. We endeavored to assess the prognostic significance of serum HIF-1α in human aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Methods In this prospective, longitudinal, multicenter, and observational study of 257 patients with aSAH and 100 healthy controls, serum HIF-1α levels were quantified. Univariate analyses, followed by multivariate analyses, were performed to discern the relationship between serum HIF-1α levels and severity and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) plus poststroke 6-month poor outcome [extended Glasgow outcome scale (GOSE) scores of 1–4]. Predictive efficiency was determined under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results There were significantly increased serum HIF-lα levels after aSAH, in comparison to controls (median, 288.0 vs. 102.6 pg/ml; P < 0.001). Serum HIF-lα levels were independently correlated with Hunt–Hess scores [β, 78.376; 95% confidence interval (CI): 56.446–100.305; P = 0.001] and modified Fisher scores (β, 52.037; 95% CI: 23.461–80.614; P = 0.002). Serum HIF-lα levels displayed significant efficiency for discriminating DCI risk [area under ROC curve (AUC), 0.751; 95% CI: 0.687–0.815; P < 0.001] and poor outcome (AUC, 0.791; 95% CI: 0.736–0.846; P < 0.001). Using the Youden method, serum HIF-1α levels >229.3 pg/ml predicted the development of DCI with 92.3% sensitivity and 48.4% specificity and serum HIF-1α levels >384.0 pg/ml differentiated the risk of a poor prognosis with 71.4% sensitivity and 81.1% specificity. Serum HIF-1α levels >229.3 pg/ml were independently predictive of DCI [odds ratio (OR), 3.061; 95% CI: 1.045–8.965; P = 0.041] and serum HIF-1α levels >384.0 pg/ml were independently associated with a poor outcome (OR, 2.907; 95% CI: 1.403–6.024; P = 0.004). The DCI predictive ability of their combination was significantly superior to those of Hunt–Hess scores (AUC, 0.800; 95% CI: 0.745–0.855; P = 0.039) and modified Fisher scores (AUC, 0.784; 95% CI: 0.726–0.843; P = 0.004). The prognostic predictive ability of their combination substantially exceeded those of Hunt–Hess scores (AUC, 0.839; 95% CI: 0.791–0.886; P < 0.001) and modified Fisher scores (AUC, 0.844; 95% CI: 0.799–0.890; P < 0.001). Conclusion Elevated serum HIF-lα levels after aSAH, in independent correlation with stroke severity, were independently associated with DCI and 6-month poor outcome, substantializing serum HIF-lα as a potential prognostic biomarker of aSAH.


Mechanical failure prevention and condition monitoring have been one of the concerns of mechanical engineers in recent years due to the personal safety, cost of failure, reliability and downtime issues of equipment. Rotating machines are one of the most important actuators in the industrial applications as well as in every day applications. Rolling element bearings are very critical components of rotating machines and the presence of defects in the bearing may lead to failure of machines. Hence, early identification of such defects along with the severity of damage under operating condition of the bearing may avoid malfunctioning and breakdown of machines. Defective bearings are source of vibration and these vibration signals can be used to assess the faulty bearings. This chapter presents the brief review of recent trends in research on bearing defects, sources of vibration and vibration measurement techniques in time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain. Detailed explanation of defect detection through scalar indicators in time domain.


Coordinating the right and left sides of the brain is mediated by the inhibition of activation in neuronal dendrites. The two hemispheres of the brain are connected via the corpus callosum; however, this pathway and its function are still not fully understood. Palmer et al. used a combination of optogenetic, calcium-imaging, and electrophysiological methods to investigate the cellular mechanism of interhemispheric inhibition of the firing frequency of neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons in rats in vivo and in vitro. They discovered that this form of inhibition involved interneurons in the top layers of the cortex that suppressed active dendritic currents synergistically recruited by back-propagating action potentials. This mechanism depended upon a γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor–mediated mechanism acting on specific ion channels in the dendrites of pyramidal neurons. L. M. Palmer, J. M. Schulz, S. C. Murphy, D. Ledergerber, M. Murayama, M. E. Larkum, The cellular basis of GABAB-mediated interhemispheric inhibition. Science 335, 989–993 (2012). [Abstract] [Full Text]


Activities of daily living, such as handwriting, eating and walking, are necessary activities for everyone. However, some individuals with a disability cannot perform such activities because of involuntary movements. It is particularly difficult to write because writing involves very complex motions. We applied an adaptive involuntary movement attenuation filter to a handwriting support system. We analyzed involuntary movements in patients with cerebral palsy of the adult tension athetosis type. We selected the parameters of the Adaptive Involuntary Behavior Attenuation Filter (AIBAF) by using the characteristics of involuntary movement.


The method analysis hub degree properties of Chinese Liquefied Natural Gas Seaport Networks is studied by the networks complexity theory in this paper. Furthermore, the Chinese liquefied natural gas seaport network hub degree is combined by actual shipping conditions. Especially, the degrees, weights characteristics and modular properties are mainly studied in Chinese Liquefied Natural Gas Seaport Networks. This research on Liquefied Natural Gas Seaport hub degree and weight characteristics can improve economic benefits. Here, we use information about the itineraries of liquefied natural gas seaports during the year 2010-2018 to construct a network of links between liquefied natural gas seaports. The network has several features that set it apart from other transportation networks are shown.


The effect of fin thickness, pitch and height on thermal resistance in the wave-typed heat sink with air vent hole on the top of fin was investigated under forced convection by Icepak program. The thermal resistance decreased with increasing fin thickness, resulting from the increased surface area. However, as the fin pitch and height increased, the thermal resistance was saturated at the fin pitch and fin height above 2mm and 30mm, respectively.


Mental-health-oriented question-answering (MH-QA) aims at retrieving an appropriate response for a question post involving mental health issues, which will be used to assist counsellors to reply the support seeker. This task is different from the general QA task because many additional criteria such as emotions are involved. In this paper, we propose the Multi-Feature Graph Convolutional Network model (MF-GCN) to integrate not only semantic features, but also mental health related features and context features, to match question post and responses. Different types of feature are exploited through multiple graph convolutional networks. A new dataset is constructed for MH-QA to evaluate our model. Experimental results show that our model with mental health features significantly outperforms a wide range of state-of-the-art models without them.


The reaction of various 5-iodopyrimidines with α,β-unsaturated ketones in the presence of palladium diacetate-triphenylphosphine complex in triethylamine are investigated. In the reaction of 2,4-dialkoxy(or alkylthio)-6-methyl-5-iodopyrimidine the addition of pyrimidine to the carbon-carbon double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketones occurs. In the case of other pyrimidines, according to the decrease of steric hindrance at the 5-position on the pyrimidine ring, the ratio of conjugate addition product was decreased and the usual olefinic substituted product was increased


Carbon emissions in Bandung Regency is potentially increasing and can harm future environment in the area. Our study aims to predict carbon emissions in Bandung Regency based on land changes model of the area. We utilized Cellular Automata Markov method which predicted land use in the years of 2027 and 2036. This land use prediction used overlay intersect method and were analysed using two scenarios: backward and forward looking. The backward looking scenario analysis combined the land used map of 2019 and two land use maps prediction of 2027 and 2036. Meanwhile, the forward looking scenario analysis combined the land used map of 2019 and the urban planning plan of Bandung Regency in the years of 2016 to 2036. Carbon emission were calculate using stock difference method for both scenarios. Afterwards, the carbon emission results were classified using quartile method. The result in the backward scenario showed that the carbon emission is dominated compare to sequestration, with total emission of 811,330.81 tonnes of CO2 eq for the years of 2019 to 2027 and 998,288.22 tonnes of CO2 eq for the years of 2019 to 2036. In the forward looking scenario, carbon sequestration is dominated compare to emission, with highest sequestration around -804,125.22 tonnes of CO2 eq, while highest emission is around 245,506.51 tonnes CO2 eq. Overall, both simulation showed that the highest emission occurs in Cilengkrang-Cimenyan development area, and the carbon sequestration occurs in Baleendah, Cileunyi-Rancaekek, and Margahayu-Margaasih development areas.


This article outlines the response of a palliative care unit to the targets set out in A Vision for the Future (DoH/NHSME 1992). The authors explain how the unit has evaluated the existing service, using audit and quality assurance techniques, and how changes have been implemented to the benefit of staff and patients alike.


Document describe cyclo infrastructure in Brno city. It rates cycling implementation, propriety of particular solutions and possibilities and development in the city. Aim of the book is describe most serious problems and find sufficient solutions.


Trauma is responsible for the 11% disability-adjusted life years worldwide. This
pathology is one of the most important causes of mortality in the country, ranking as the
third national fatality, according to DANE records in 2013 for Bogota and the
departments of Antioquia and Valle del Cauca; being the trauma, was responsible for
2.3%, 5.8% and 12% mortality respectively. Due to the public order situation in the
country, military personnel are perhaps one of the most affected by traumatic injuries in
general, and since the Central Military Hospital is the main reference center of high
complexity of the Subsystem of Health of the Military Forces , it was considered
pertinent to carry out a descriptive study to identify the characteristics of the military
population that suffered trauma and developed acute renal injury during the years 2012
to 2014. A descriptive study was carried out by means of the review of clinical histories
of the patients who entered with a diagnosis of trauma to the central military hospital, of
the 2000 patients registered only 453 had complete information in the clinical history,
17.1% of the trauma patients had acute renal injury, the most frequent site of injury were
the lower limbs and the most frequent type of injury weapon was firearm, mortality was
present in 11.5% of the patients who died had AKI AKIN 3.
In conclusion, it is considered that a significant proportion of the patients develop acute
renal injury and of these the ones that more die are in the group that presents displays
more advanced stages of renal injury.


Farmland ownership is a critical issue for sustainable agriculture since it affects short-term productivity and the long-term stability of the sector. However, existing literature largely focused on immediately simplifying individual opinions through statistical methods, neglecting how implicit values could drive preferential ownership decisions. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the driving factors underlying decisions on farmland ownership, especially when there are cognitive factors that induce hidden constructs in individual preferences. This research, to observe the cognition and implicit values leading to ownership decisions, applied the Repertory Grid Technique (RGT) with subsequent Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Taking the multiple case studies of three villages in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia, this study involved 40 farmland owners. The RGT revealed a staggering 85 constructs leading to six ownership decisions: keep farming, buying, joint farming, leasing, selling, and converting. In general, the driving forces were distinguished into landowners' household profile, sustainability-related (community and social conditions), spatial (farmland conversion and accessibility), and economic aspects. Based on PCA, "buying" and "keep farming" shared several driving forces and led to sustainable farming. In contrast, "joint farming", "leasing", "selling", and "converting" were found to threaten farming sustainability. In addition, this study offers in-depth insights into the driving factors of different preferential ownership decisions according to the cognition and implicit values of individual landowners, allowing policymakers and other stakeholders to tailor policies and strategies to context-specific farmland ownership issues in pursuing sustainable agriculture.


particular character of the area is evoked in accounts of the lawyers' Inns and the location of writers from Fulke Greville to Charles Dickens who have found a congenial residence there. And the overall development of the parish is dealt with in chapters on the medieval church of St Andrew, sixteenthand seventeenthcentury building, the growth of religious diversity and the provision of schools, Victorian improvements, and the emergence of the diamond trade around Hatton Garden in the present century. As might be expected from the pen of an experienced medieval scholar the early chapters are the most convincing. The medieval history of the parish and its community is deftly sketched and firmly set into the context of City and national development. Tudor and Stuart building is clearly described, and with the aid of helpful illustrations and a splendid map the reader is kept in touch with the precise location and appearance of each building discussed. The careful juxtaposition of text and illustration is a model of how a study of the building history of a parish should be presented. The treatment of more modern periods is less successful; discussion of modern religious development tends to become a catalogue of churches and incumbents, and the chapter on Victorian improvements is largely a list of street improvements and dates. The sense of a Holborn community aroused in the early chapters is lost. In some ways, too, this work has an old-fashioned air, lacking, for example, any detailed analysis of demographic trends. However, what is firmly provided is a strong impression of a parish character and identity, no mean achievement for a satellite area of London which all too readily merges into the urban agglomeration. No longer will students of London history have any excuse for vague notions of the precise location and significance of the parish of St Andrew. Indeed, our understanding of the capital's development would be considerably enhanced were other parishes to attract such clear and sympathetic treatment.


A novel human steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) variant (SF-1-P, G146A, GGG→GCG)was revealed. Compared to wild type, transactivity of SF-1-P was decreased by 25%, SF-1-P did not show negative effect, and had normal protein stability, normal interactions with cofactors and normal sub-nuclear distribution. Allele C frequency was significantly elevated in patients with adrenal diseases.


Context-aware computing has become a certainty due to the widespread use of smartphone devices equipped with sensors. A wide range of services, such as vehicular traffic monitoring and smart parking, can be accomplished with the help of awareness of user mobility. Transportation mode detection (TMD) using machine learning algorithms and the data captured from smartphone embedded sensors have attracted research community attention. In this research, ensemble learning is utilized to differentiate between transportation modes, including walking, standing, riding a train, driving a car, and riding a bus. The ensemble learning consists of three classifiers; each classifier votes independently on the instances, and the majority vote is applied for robust generalization. The proposed method was validated using three datasets; the samples included in these datasets were gathered by smartphone sensors (belonging to heterogeneous users), such as rotation vector sensors, accelerometers, uncalibrated gyroscopes, linear acceleration, orientation, speed, game rotation vector, sound, and gyroscopes. The proposed ensemble learning method achieves an accuracy of 89%, 93%, and 95% on the first, second, and third datasets, respectively, when 10% and 90% of the data are used for testing and training, respectively. On the other set of experiments, in which 30% and 70% of the data are used for testing and training, respectively, the proposed method yields accuracies of 86.8%, 92.1%, and 94.9% on the first, second, and third datasets, respectively. The proposed method shows promising results compared to existing human activity recognition (HAR) methods.


Objective: To clone and express aroB gene which encodes dehydroquinate synthase in E.coli in order to improve the dehydroquinate synthase product.Methods: AroB gene was amplified by PCR, and cloned into pGEM-Teasy vector, in which it was sequenced. Then it was cloned into heat-induced vector pBV220. pBV220-aroB And pBV220-aroB Ⅱ recombinants were transfected into DH5α. The recombinant protein activity was tested. Results: The DNA sequencing showed that the cloned gene was in agreement with the reported sequence. The aroB gene of plasmid pBV220-aroBⅡ was expressed highly. The SDS-PAGE demonstrated that the band at 38.8×103 was more intensive than the same one of the control. The analysis of enzyme activity indicated that the expression product has specific activity of dehydroquinate synthase. Conclusion: AroB gene is expressed successfully in E.coli, and this work lays a foundation for the further construction of bioengineered strain producing dehydroquinate.


Details of the thermal behavior, including transition temperatures, transition heats and transition entropies, are reported for three series of nematic liquid-crystalline "backbone" polyesters having the general structure

All polysters described above were examined by differential scanning calorimetry and were found to have reproducible thermal behavior once the polymer had been annealed by heating to the isotropic phase and then subsequently cooled. Enantiotropic nematic phases were found for all 30 polysters studied. Many polymers showed multiple endotherms on melting to the nematic phase. Plots of solid–nematic and nematic–isotropic transition temperatures versus number of carbon atoms in the diacid segment (x) for each (y) reveal an even–odd alternation reminiscent of trends in homologous series of small-molecule liquid crystals. Enthalpies for the solid nematic and nematic isotropic transitions do not show such a precise alternation.


This article proposes a fault-tolerant control (FTC) method for four in-wheel motor drive electric vehicles considering both vehicle stability and motor power consumption. First, a seven-degree-of-freedom vehicle nonlinear model integrating motor faults is built to design a hierarchical FTC control scheme. The control structure is composed of two levels: an upper level nonlinear model-predictive controller and a lower level fault-tolerant coordinated controller. The upper level controller provides an appropriate reference in terms of additional yaw moment and vehicle longitudinal force, required for vehicle stability control, to the lower level controller. This latter aims at distributing the four-wheel torques taking into account both vehicle stability and power consumption. Specifically, the weighting factor involved in the optimization-based design of the lower level controller is determined online by the randomized ensembled double $Q$-learning reinforcement learning algorithm to achieve an optimal control strategy for the whole vehicle operating range. Moreover, the tradeoff between vehicle stability and power consumption is analyzed, and the necessity of using reinforcement learning is discussed. Numerical experiments are performed under various driving scenarios with a high-fidelity CarSim vehicle model to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method. Via a comparative study, we highlight the advantages of the new FTC control method over many related existing control results in terms of improving the vehicle stability and driver comfort as well as reducing the power consumption.


The paper by Riesenburger et al 1 in this issue of the Journal is both interesting and somewhat controversial. Hemangioblastomas are benign tumors that occur sporadically (two-thirds of cases) or in association with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease (one-third of cases). They can be found throughout the entire central nervous system, but are most commonly located in the cerebellum or spinal cord. Hemangioblastomas constitute two to five percent of primary intramedullary spinal cord neoplasms, and hemangioblastomas of nerve root origin are well documented in the literature. The major point of the paper by Riesenburger et al is the existence of large, dilated medullary veins reported in this case, and the resolution of this relative venous hypertension following removal of the tumor. While the authors do provide an excellent description of their findings and also show a postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that shows no medullary venous dilation, there are several questions that must be answered before we can conclude that there is a definite cause-andeffect relationship. First, there is the issue of venous hypertension and dilation. This has been observed by surgeons operating on vascular malformations and tumors of the spinal cord for many years. The presence of large, serpentine, dilated medullary veins is associated with spinal cord dysfunction, and has been characterized as a "venous congestive myelopathy." However, Kendall and Logue were among the first to recognize that this appearance of the medullary veins of the spinal cord was a pressure phenomena, and did not constitute any abnormality of the veins themselves. Thus, the elimination of the source of the pressure, either by interrupting the inflow of arterial blood or by removing the mass obstructing the venous drainage, allowed the medullary veins to return to their normal size and appearance. This approach to the management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas was emphasized and popularized by Drs. John Doppman, Ed Oldfield and their colleagues at NIH beginning in the early 1980s, and remains in use today. Secondly, as the authors point out, despite many other published case reports of hemangioblastomas of spinal nerve root origin and the practical experience of many seasoned neurosurgeons, no one has described the flow voids seen on MRI demonstrated in the present case. There is at least one case reported before MRI was in use that did describe the presence of dilated spinal medullary veins occurring in association with these tumors when they originate solely from the nerve root. Further, dilated medullary veins have been seen with spinal cord tumors of glial origin. The disappearance of the flow voids seen on MRI before treatment of spinal dural AV fistulas has also been reported. This raises the question whether the dilated medullary veins were due to an unrecognized fistulous arteriovenous communication that was interrupted when the vascular supply to the tumor was sacrificed, a venous outflow obstruction eliminated by re-establishment of the venous drainage by removal of the tumor mass itself, reaction to the vasogenic substances produced by these tumors, or some yet to be described novel phenomenon caused by the hemangioblastoma. Since nerve root hemangioblastomas have an infrafasicular origin, the associated nerve must be resected to achieve complete removal. This en bloc resection of the nerve, tumor, and its vascular supply would make it highly likely that one could excise any microscopic radicular arteriovenous communication without realizing it. In fact, the authors describe the coagulation of a small vessel during their resection of the tumor presented. This raises the question of whether there was a coexistent dural arteriovenous shunt that was causing or contributing to the arterialization of the medullary venous system, resulting in the flow voids observed on the preoperative MRI. The authors opine the requirement for preoperative embolization to prevent "life-threatening intraoperative hemorrhage." While interventional neuroradiological expertise continues to grow and evolve, not all clinicians From the Neurosurgical Center, Southhaven, MS.


The structure of dichlorotris(tetrahydrofuran)-p-tolylchromium(III), pCH3C6H4CrCl2,3THF, has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The crystals are orthorhomic, space group Pbca with a= 10·396, b= 18·447 and c= 22·396 A. The chromium is octahedrally co-ordinated with two chlorine ligands trans and two tetrahydrofuran ligands trans: the p-tolyl group, which is sigma-bonded to the chromium (Cr–C = 2·014 ± 0·010 A), is trans to the third tetrahydrofuran ligand. The Cr–O bonds which are trans to one another are essentially equal and are normal in length (2·045 ± 0·008 A). However, the Cr–O bond to the tetrahydrofuran group trans to the p-tolyl group is much longer (2·214 ± 0·007 A) than the other two.


The City of West Hollywood is located in the western Los Angeles metropolitan area, between Beverly Hills and Hollywood, north of the Interstate-10 Freeway, east of the 405 Freeway and west of the 101 Freeway. Encompassing 1.9 square miles, West Hollywood was previously an unincorporated area of Los Angeles County. It was officially incorporated in 1984 and is run by a City Manager/City Council form of government. Council members are elected at large to four year terms on a staggered basis.


Katharina Mehner*, Awais Rashid Computing Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YR, UK email@example.com, email@example.com Abstract In this position paper we discuss support for runtime inspection of aspect-oriented programs. Debuggers are the most prominent example for tools using runtime inspection. However, such support is also required by other runtime-based techniques such as tracing and monitoring. These techniques play an important role in testing, maintenance, and also in debugging and have to be included in a general discussion of runtime inspection support. In order to avoid proprietary implementations for each tool relying on runtime information a standard interface is needed. We argue that such a standard interface should be grounded in a common foundation for AOP.


In order to determine the optimum blanching time in the quick-frozen processing for vegetable broad bean "Tongcan(xian) 6",the activity of peroxidase in green peas blanched in the boiling water for 0,20,40,60,80,100,120 seconds respectively were measured with hydrogen peroxide bubbles method.At the same time,the evaluation method was used to scroe the samples which were stored for four months on the three index,that were bean color,taste and comprehensive assessment.The results indicated that when the broad bean is blanched for 80 s,the synthesis evaluation average value were highest both before and after storage,and the quality is stable.It was consistent with the results of peroxide enzyme activity.Therefore,80 s is suitable blanching time for vegetable broad bean "Tongcan(xian) 6".


Computer-based fault diagnosis systems are normally designed for system experts. This necessitates involvement of trained experts in the maintenance and repair process, despite the severity of the underlying fault. In many cases, particularly in the domain of home appliances, this leads to avoidable time and material costs - both for home users and manufacturer. In this paper a user-friendly diagnosis system is introduced. It is based on a mobile device, such as a smartphone, which will be extended by a diagnosis app. The mobile diagnosis solution is able to connect to automated systems and perform fault diagnosis. Furthermore, it presents different immediate proposals to solve the problem, without involving technical experts. The proposed solution provides a customized diagnosis framework to support systematic and facile generation of diagnosis mobile application. Furthermore, it is described how to employ existing app generator frameworks to supply the diagnosis app for multiple target platforms.


Abstract Bird communities change in response to urbanization, which poses a challenge for conservationists. We examined the consequences of the recent increase in European cities of black-billed magpie (Pica pica), which has become the main bird nest predator in many urban parks, yet its impact remains disputed. We tested predator role in the limitation of postfledging and adult numbers of 10 common songbird species. We conducted before–after, control–treatment experimental magpie removal in the suburbs near Paris, France, during our 3-year study. We also compared the productivity and the relative densities between urban and rural habitats for 14 songbirds. We found that magpies had very limited effect on songbird productivity, even for species sensitive to predation by corvids. In addition, impact of the magpie on population levels of passerines would also be minimized because we found no relationship between productivity of prey and their densities. Thus, the recent colonization of urban parks by magpies should not threaten persistence of local songbird populations. Yet, there was evidence that a small number of non-territorial bird species were attracted to places where magpies were removed. Magpie densities may have modified habitat selection for foraging that might be explained by predator avoidance. But overall, characteristics of urban habitat explain variations of productivity and densities of songbirds better than did magpie predation. In France, conservationists widely use the control of predators, aiming at increasing levels of prey populations. Despite very high densities of magpies in urban parks, we gave evidence that removal of this predator was ineffective to preserve populations of common passerines. This would suggest that the risk induced by the presence of magpies is independent of its density, and conservationists must carefully assess its impact. In the future, we recommend management policies include long-term monitoring of magpie–prey interactions during breeding season to detect potential changes in songbird responses to magpie presence.


The unprecedented global crisis, through the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), will undoubtedly have an impact on child health for many years to come in low and low-middle income countries (LIC/LMIC) but also high-income countries (HIC). The disease has led to a number of barriers hindering the implementation of child health programmes in HIC, which will further contribute to health inequalities especially for those already most marginalized in society.


Back in the 20th century, ensuring food security in Russia and its regions became one of the leading issues in determining key areas for the development of the state economic security. The purpose of this study is to analyze the food security of the population of the Moscow region in the context of ensuring the economic security of the Moscow region. Using various formal logical and comparative methods, the au© CC BY Морозова И. С., Солодилов А. В., 2019. 60 ISSN 2072-8549 Вестник Московского государственного областного университета. Серия: Экономика 2019 / No 1


The videoconference‐based neuropsychological assessment, also called teleneuropsychology, is a promising tool for the diagnosis and follow‐up of individuals living in underserved areas, care facilities or other institutions, and even emigrants. This kind of consultation has proved particularly useful during the COVID‐19 pandemic, suggesting how it could be used more systematically. This study is the first to explore the reliability of neuropsychological teleassessment in France.


Abstract Objectives Although evidence is accumulating globally, data on outcomes in rheumatic disease and COVID-19 in Ireland are limited. We used data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance (C19-GRA) to describe time-varying COVID-19 outcomes for people with rheumatic disease in Ireland. Methods Data entered into the C19-GRA provider registry from Ireland between 24 March 2020 and 9 July 2021 were analysed. Differences in the likelihood of hospitalization and mortality according to demographic and clinical variables were investigated using Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. Trends in odds of hospitalization and mortality over time were investigated using logistic regression with the time period as a categorical variable. Results Of 212 cases included, 59.4% were female and median age was 58.0 years (range 13–96). Of the 212 cases, 92 (43%) were hospitalized and 22 (10.4%) died. Increasing age, a diagnosis of gout, ever smoking, glucocorticoid use, having comorbidities and specific comorbidities of cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary disease were more common in those hospitalized. A diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis, csDMARD and/or b/tsDMARD use were less frequent in those hospitalized. Increasing age, a diagnosis of gout, ever smoking, having comorbidities and specific comorbidities of obesity, cardiovascular and pulmonary disease were more common in those who died. Odds of hospitalization or mortality did not change over time. Conclusion No temporal trend was observed in either COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality outcomes for people with rheumatic disease in Ireland.


Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to forests in the norrheastern United States and the possibility of higher nitrogen export from these systems has prompted concern over water quality in downstrearn ecosystems (e.g. ABER et al. 1989, MuRDOCH & STODDARD 1992). The controls and importance of strearn channel nitrogen transformations, parricularly denitrification, are not well understood. In addition, strearns are heterogeneous environments, and rates of biogeochemical processes most likely vary greatly from one location to another within a single strearn (e.g. PRiNGLE et al. 1988, HEDIN 1990). Our study addresses three questions: (l) Do rates of denitrification differ in two different types of strearn sediments (sand/gravel and organic debris)? (2) What controls or limits denitrification in stream sediments? (3) Does denitrification potential differ in streams with different nitrate concentrations?


In the first decades of the twentieth century, the myth of the Androgyne returns as a promise of spiritual happiness. Among the Surrealists, the androgyny, along with the cult of the woman, worked as alterity, as appreciation of underground modernity. Androgyny appears in several works of Frida Kahlo in Mexico and in Ismael Nery, in Brazil, both with a surrealistic approach. In Frida, the myth oscillates between spiritual and political, between transgression and subjection, going to the lesbianism and the desire to invert the traditional gender roles to the dissolution of her own identity, submitted in love by her husband. In Ismael, the duplicity of his selfportraits and iconography of loving couples expresses the fusion of the sexes as part of the world of ideas. "Artistic sex par excellence," the myths appear more strongly in the art of Ismael Nery.


We present the results of infrasonic interferometry applied to microbaroms, obtained from ambient noise. For this purpose the "Large Aperture Infrasound Array" (LAIA) was used, which has been installed in the Netherlands. Preprocessing appeared to be an essential step in enhancing the microbarom signals from ambient noise that strongly influences the results of the interferometry. Both the state of the atmosphere and the noise characteristics are taken into account to assess the strength of the cross correlation. The delay time of the microbaroms between two stations is determined through cross correlating the recordings. By calculating the cross correlations between all 55 station pairs of LAIA, we are able to find the delay time of microbaroms up to a interstation distance of 40.6 km. Using the strength of the cross correlations, we are able to show that the coherence of the microbaroms along the direction of arrival is higher than orthogonal to it. A comparison of the atmospheric state, with a cross correlation, over a period of 10 days, reveals that the infrasound propagation over the array is correlated with the tropospheric temperature and wind. Based on the cross correlations between the three closest stations, we are able to passively estimate the effective sound speed and the wind speed as a function of time.


Report presenting an investigation to determine the static stability characteristics of five hypersonic missile configurations. Testing was performed at a range of Mach and Reynolds numbers. Results regarding the effect of base block, longitudinal stability, directional stability, and Reynolds number effect are provided.


Summary: Arousal responses (AR) to hypercarbia and to hypoxia were ascertained in 25 N-M SIDS infants and 21 control infants in whom ventilatory responses to hypercarbia and hypoxia were also measured. Although the frequency of a positive AR to hypercarbia was not significantly less in the N-M SIDS compared to control group, the overall pattern was a generally absent AR in the lowest hypercarbic ventilatory response slope group progressing to a generally positive AR in the highest hypercarbic response slope group. Among the 25 infants having a positive hypercarbic AR, the Mean (± SEM) PACO2 at which arousal occurred was 48.5 ± 1.6 in N-M SIDS versus 42 ± 1.2 mmHg in control infants (p < .001). The overall pattern for hypoxic AR was also a generally absent AR in the lowest hypoxic ventilatory response slope group progressing to a generally positive AR in the highest response slope group. Although the PAO2 level at which an AR occurred did not differ in the two groups, a positive hypoxic AR occurred in 76% of the control versus only 29% of the N-M SIDS group (p < .01). In summary, infants with a clinical N-M SIDS history and diminished ventilatory response slopes have as a group a concomitant abnormality in hypercarbic and/or hypoxic arousal.Speculation: A deficient arousal response to hypercarbia and/or hypoxia may be a fundamental respiratory control abnormality in N-M SIDS infants and may contribute to an inability to respond appropriately to sleep-related asphyxia.


In her article, "Understanding Metadata and its Purpose," well-known cataloger Karen Coyle (2005) wryly repeats the quip that "Metadata is cataloging done by men" (¶ 1). Roy Tennant (2006a), author of Managing the Digital Library, makes the more politically correct joke that metadata is "cataloging done by those paid better than librarians" (¶ 1). These jokes speak a fear that exists within the library profession. As more physical libraries adopt and incorporate technology from digital libraries, librarians are increasingly finding themselves in a field that is being described in technological terms. According to L. D. Matson and D. J. Bonski (1997), "a digital library is a library that maintains all, or a substantial part, of its collection in computer-processible form as an alternative, supplement, or complement to the conventional printed and microfilm materials that currently dominate library collections" (¶ 6).


Abstract This paper proposes a variable gain controller for a class of uncertain linear systems with state delays via piecewise Lyapunov functions. The variable gain controller is designed so as to reduce the effect of uncertainties. In this paper, on the basis of the concept of piecewise Lyapunov functions, we show sufficient conditions for the existence of the proposed variable gain controller for uncertain linear time-delay systems. Finally, numerical examples are presented.


Information security and cyber threats have been among the top concerns of IT managers for many years. But recently, the level of threat has grown considerably and has reached a new dimension with companies being severely impacted by cyber-attacks, even being driven into bankruptcy. This is also affecting higher education institutions, with several universities spectacularly falling victim to ransomware attacks. For IT managers, it is now crucial to react to this threat, strengthen their cyber defense and also prepare to mitigate successful attacks. We describe the measures Münster university has recently implemented in a massive effort to prepare for the common types of attacks. This is meant to be an IT manager focused semi-technical overview on the topic of threats and remedies to help evaluate the own situation and evaluate possible measures.


Nowadays, the remaining of antibiotics in aquatic environments is increasing. Although the amounts of these antibiotics are extremely small (from 1 ng to 1 μg), such tiny amounts can have poisonous effects on humans and aquatic organisms. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the electrocoagulation process on the removal of CFX antibiotic from aqueous solutions. The aim of this study was to the removal of Cefixime antibiotic by electrocoagulation process from aqueous solutions. In a batch mode, several parameters such as pH (3–10), initial concentration (3–100 mg/L), electric current intensity (0.1–1.1 A), and retention time (20–120 min) were investigated on the removal efficiency of Cefixime. The most effective removal (90.1%) was obtained at pH of 6, initial concentration of 5 mg/L, electric current intensity of 0.7 A, and retention time of 60 min. According to the findings of this study, the electrocoagulation process can be considerable as an effective approach to remove Cefixime antibiotic from aqueous solutions.


Urea cyanurate, as a new nitrogen-rich organic-based heat stabilizer, for the enhancement to thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is prepared via the simple precipitation method, in this study. Characterization, thermal and mechanical properties of the stabilized PVC were examined by means of fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, discoloration test, congo red test and the weight-loss method, thermal aging test, and tensile analysis. Results showed that the thermal stability of PVC is improved after the addition of urea cyanurate in PVC formulation and weight loss related to HCl releasing in the normal PVC processing temperature (180°C) is less than 1%. Enhancement of the thermal properties and stability time of the PVC lead to decreased degradation tendency. Oven-aging test result showed that the color change during degradation process of PVC samples improved by adding the urea cyanurate. The tensile strength of stabilized samples were about 42%, higher as compared to the pure PVC. The optimum and best results for improving the thermal and mechanical properties of PVC were obtained by incorporating the 3 wt % of the urea cyanurate.


Yingkou Paotai Base is located in Liaohe Estuary, land for the nature of the saline-alkali soil. In order to find the ideal breed, development and utilization of land resources, June 2012, from tianjin to buy fry smooth Tongue-sole of 500 was domesticated breeding on YingKou Enhancement and Experiment Station Paotai base. After 4 months of saline-alkali pond farming, a total of 462 was harvested, Survival rate as high as 92.4%; Because of natural bait at the same time, fed with bait, its growth condition is very good,average weight is 80 g. Through the density contrast test, results show that under different density and survival rate of breeding difference was not significant, Significant weight gain rate. Experimental results illustrate the saline-alkali pond aquaculture is feasible for half smooth tongue sole.


Submitted for the 4CF10 Meeting of The American Physical Society A New Nuclear Lattice Model Based on Quark Interactions JERRY R. MONTGOMERY1, RONDO N. JEFFERY2, Weber State Univ (ret.) — A new nuclear model is proposed based on the three-quark structure of nucleons, which form triangular "ovoids." Nucleons combine via a set of rules: the strong/color force between quarks holds protons and neutrons together subject to the exclusion principle. Electric and magnetic forces between quarks attract or repel to determine lattice alignment of nucleons. Magnetic dipoles lock protons and neutrons into specific structural positions which determine the overall spin of an isotope. Mechanical balance and volume minimization are other important factors. The model describes the buildup of all stable and unstable nuclei in stages. The deuteron has the shape of a triangular prism, the alpha a hexagonal prism. In this lattice model protons are only nearest neighbors to neutrons and next-nearest neighbors to protons. Zome constructs are used to build "tinker-toy-like" physical models to aid visualization. Carbon-12 forms a ring structure of three interconnected alpha particles. The model is further discussed at unclear2nuclear.com. 1West Jordan, UT 2Ogden, UT Rondo Jeffery Weber State Univ Date submitted: 10 Sep 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


PURPOSE: Hydrogel obtained by solubilization of lidocaine to a mixed solution of a surfactant, a surfactant aid and oils, adding to an aqueous phase and then adding a water soluble polymer and a transdermal absorption promotor is provided, which has the advantages of being soft, agreeable to the touch and easy to wash without irritation when applied to the skin. CONSTITUTION: The pharmaceutical composition contains 5 to 30% by weight of one selected from Tween having an HLB value of 10 or more and polyoxyethylene castor oil such as cremophor as a surfactant, 5 to 30% by weight of one selected from ethanol, benzyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol as a surfactant aid, 5 to 30% by weight of one selected from isopropyl myristate, labrafac CC, Labrafil M1944CS, labrafac lipophile and Labrafil WL2609BS as oils, 0.1 to 5% by weight of one selected from carbopol, sodium alginate and carboxymethylcellulose as a water soluble polymer, 1 to 20% by weight of one selected from ethyl digol, isopropyl alcohol and oleic acid as a transdermal absorption promotor and 40 to 80% by weight of water or purified water.


Only now are the communication technologies familiar to higher-end users becoming available to communities. When such technologies are married to traditional forms such as community narratives, they present an opportunity for communities to preserve their stories and distribute this knowledge to a wider audience. In some of the most remote parts of Australia, communities are partnering with cultural institutions to create digital cultural content. When communities create content in partnership with cultural institutions, both contribute to the sharing of cultural knowledge and distribution of this knowledge to a wider audience. In Queensland, a new initiative has created a mobile digital platform which travels into outlying areas of the community not just to capture and disseminate digital culture but to promote and train in new literacy. Livingstone (2003) suggests that the new literacy has limited value to communities if they cannot access technologies, nor have reason to. This paper introduces Digital Cultural Communication, an interaction design-derived Solutions Architecture which weds new literacy to multiplatform communication design by providing a cost-effective strategic infrastructure. Cultural institutions can supply training in new literacy for community co-creation and by promoting the end product, stimulate demand. Using an ambitious and exciting case study from Queensland's cultural sector, this paper illustrates how communities can engage in the co-creation of content which both extends their digital literacy and strengthens their cultural identity.


Barrier region (106) may be disposed in vial (102) and may be a semi-fluid substance with a fluid portion and a non-fluid portion. The fluid portion of barrier region (106) may include a composition similar to or the same as liquid media (104), such that liquid media (104) and the fluid portion of barrier region (106) are in equilibrium. The non-fluid portion of barrier region (106) may include a gelling agent such as an appropriate type of agar (e.g., Muller Hinton Agar by Difco, Detroit, Mich.). Barrier region (106) may be positioned in vial (102) to facilitate measurement of changes in test sample (108). Prior to introduction of test sample (108), both liquid media (104) and barrier region (106) may be sterilized, and liquid media (104) may be poured on the top of barrier region (106). After introduction of sample (108), microorganisms may be present in liquid media (106). However, both test sample (108) and microorganisms contained in test sample (108) are usually too large molecularly to penetrate the non-fluid portion of barrier region (106). Thus, barrier region (106) may be free of large molecules (e.g., test sample (108), microorganisms) and more suitable for providing accurate testing and detection results.


If the main rock is hard granite when penetrated into nappe-type section of mountain front formation,it's often to take place down hole accidents such as drill string breaking and drill bit wearing very quickly.In this paper,the property of rock components is analyzed based on the laboratory test,and the relationship between these accidents and bit selection is also analyzed.The experiment is made which simulates drilled rock by two kind of cone bits.The result shows that different bits cause the vibration level of drill string directly,and a suitable bit type could reduce the rate of accidents.In this paper,the conclusion is used to optimize bit selection in a drilling case.


Analysis is made for a convenient method for survey and design that increasing or decreasing the length of tangent can be easily adopted to obtain the regulated tangent with consideration to the terrain.


Long-term reliability of an implanted system is an implicit requirement. The catastrophic failure of an implanted device is often the only indication that reliability expectations have not been met. In the design of a wireless EMG sensor, we have integrated three "Reliability Modules" specifically designed to monitor the state of the silicon integrated circuit and its environment.


America's history of immigration had created a country full of prejudice, discrimination, racism, and an almost fanatical fear of political extremism that was thinly disguised by the glamorous facade. The 19 Amendment, granting women the right to vote in all elections, was a major step in freeing half the American population. During the early 20 century, thousands of women conducted hundreds of campaigns to gain the rights to vote. Finally the time for women had come.


We consider the stable reconstruction of flow geometry and wall shear stress from measurements obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As noted in a review article by Petersson, most approaches considered so far in the literature seem to not be satisfactory. We therefore propose a systematic reconstruction procedure that allows us to obtain stable estimates of flow geometry and wall shear stress and we are able to quantify the reconstruction errors in terms of bounds for the measurement errors under reasonable smoothness assumptions. A complete analysis of our approach is given in the framework of regularization methods. In addition, we briefly discuss the implementation of our method and we demonstrate its viability, accuracy, and regularizing properties for experimental data.


The fishing industry has the leading place in the industry of Russian Far East. During 90th the fishing industry there was in crises stage. However the Far East of Russia has a great potential for the fishing industry development. An investment activity can guaranty the growth, and these investments have to be effective. Therefore, the problem of the distribution of investments becomes crucial, and we are interested in the solution for this problem as a multi-criteria problem, which has to he solved in two-stages. We are to develop the complex of models for the first stage, including optimization models, statistical models and direct computations.


factors that modulate the perceived lightness and opacity of transparent surfaces. However, we believe that the core insights that shaped our model will be incorporated into future successful models of the perception of transparency. There appear to be two primary dimensions that capture the psychological experience of transparent surfaces: opacity and lightness (or, more generally, color). Physical models such as Metelli's (1974a, 1974b, 1985) also appear to embody the same two dimensions, which is probably why the model garnered so much attention as a candidate model of perception. The problem is that the physical decomposition embodied in Metelli's (1974a, 1974b, 1985) model does not accord with the perceptual experience of these dimensions—which is why we developed a new model to replace it. Albert (2008) claims he has shown our model to be incorrect without providing any understanding of the data for which the model has provided excellent accounts. We believe that the logic that has led him to this conclusion is flawed. Our model was motivated by the observed dependence of transmittance and lightness matches on mean luminance within the filter region. Even if we were to ignore the methodological problems discussed above, Albert's data merely indicate that mean luminance can influence transmittance matches in a manner beyond that captured in computations of contrast. It is currently impossible to determine whether such dependencies will replace those captured in our contrast ratio models or will merely provide an additional factor that contributes to the perception of transparency. Finally, Albert (2008) offered no theoretical account of how transparent surfaces are perceived, nor does he attempt to model or provide any theoretical insight into his own data. Instead, he merely asserts that, for his task, our model fails to explain his data. All existing models fail to explain his data, so it is unclear why he is content with discussing his data only in the context of our model. Given his evidence, we are inclined to believe that this putative failure is not due to the shortcomings of extant theory, but rather, to the methods used in his experiments.


Speech enhancement is an important pre-processing step in a wide diversity of practical fields related to speech signals, and many signal-enhancement methods, such as fixed beamforming and adaptive beamforming, have already been proposed for speech enhancement. However, lack of comprehensive and quantitative performance evaluation of current enhancement methods when multi-speeches exist simultaneously, it is difficult to choose an appropriate enhancement method in a practical application. This work aims to study the implementation of several enhancement methods for multi-speech enhancement in indoor environment of T60 = 0 s and T60 = 0.3 s. We first propose and compare two types of enhancement approaches. The first type is the basic enhancement methods, including the delay-and-sum beamforming (DSB), minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR), linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV), and independent component analysis (ICA); The second type is the improved enhancement methods, including the robust MVDR and LCMV, realized by eigen decomposition and diagonal loading. In addition, the online enhancement performance based on the iteration of single-frame speech signals is then researched. The experimental results show that the enhancement effect of LCMV and ICA is relatively more stable in the case of the basic enhancement methods; in the case of the improved enhancement algorithms, the methods which employed diagonal loading iterations are better. In the case of the online enhancement, the DSB with frequency masking yields the best performance on the signal-to-interferences ratio (SIR) and possesses the capacity to suppress interferences.


A building in the long-term use process, with the effect of internal or external, artificial or natural factors, with the time went by, these will occur material aging and structural damage, this is an irreversible process, this kind of damage accumulation will lead to structural performance degradation, bearing capacity decline, durability reduce. For new buildings, if do the structure performance degradation research in the beginning of completion, it can not only master its structure member performance degradation, reveal the potential dangers, and at the same time can also according to the results of the study formulating the reasonable use and maintenance program, improve the safety performance of the building and prolong the use fixed number of year.


This paper presents considerations towards a control architecture for future electric energy systems driven by massive changes resulting from the societal goals of decarbonization and electrification. A historical perspective is provided on the role that architecture and abstractions have played in other technological systems such as the Internet, serial computation, and communication systems. For power systems, we present a viewpoint of architecture as the organization of multiple control loops aligned with the entities involved, as well as taking advantage of time-scale and spatial scale separations. New requirements and challenges in designing the set of control loops required for future electric energy systems are substantiated from a temporal and spatial scale perspective. Finally, we articulate key desirable control loops that can enable decarbonization of the electricity sector. We thereby argue that the present architecture of electric power grids designed in a different era is indeed extensible to allow the incorporation of increased renewables.


Hollow Au/CeO2 as a highly efficient and stable heterogeneous catalyst is successfully used for a continuous-flow reaction. The hollow CeO2 microspheres with thicknesses of 21 nm as functional supports can greatly improve the catalytic activity and stability of the Au nanoparticles. The catalytic activity of hollow Au/CeO2 catalysts is 4.5 times higher than the Au catalysts without the hollow structure under the same reaction conditions for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Meanwhile, the hollow structure also accelerates the mass transfer of reactant for the continuous-flow system. A high turnover number of 65.7 mol h–1 molAu–1 is yielded for hollow Au/CeO2 catalysts at a flow rate of 250 mL h–1 with remarkable stability for a continuous-flow 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction. The present continuous-flow system exhibits a huge potential for the automation treatment of pollutant 4-nitrophenol.