The development strategy of Pan-Pearl River Delta economic zone emerges as the development of regional economy of Pearl River delta require. To construct the economy zone of Pan-Pearl River Delta can advance the international competition power of the regional economy and promote the efficiency usage of regional resources and the sustainable development. The key points to construct the uniform system of regional market depend on the underlying steps. One is to weaken the district concept of regionalism and strengthen the concept of economy zone. The other is to clear the institutional obstacles by the route of institutional conformity. The development of the economy zone needs institutional innovation, mechanism conformity and frame reconstruction.


ABSTRACT Organic fertilization, a critical agronomic practice for improving nutrient availability and crop growth, may increase the risk of phosphorus (P) loss. To investigate the effect of organic fertilization on P availability, crop growth and P loss, a paddy field experiment was conducted in the saline-alkaline paddy soil. We designed four treatments: CK (no fertilizer), NPK (mineral fertilizer), and NPKC1 and NPKC2 (mineral fertilizer with low and high levels of organic fertilizer, respectively); the amounts of N, P2O5, and K2O were equal in the NPK, NPKC1, and NPKC2 treatments. Compared with the NPK treatment, organic fertilization enhanced the content of total, organic, and available P in the topsoil. Moreover, organic fertilization significantly improved both the growth and P removal of crops. The content of oxalate Fe, Al, and dissolved organic carbon, the main carriers of P loss, in the soil was the highest in the NPKC2 treatment. The soil P saturation ratio (PSR) in the NPKC2 treatment was 0.25, exceeding the threshold PSR for P loss of 0.16. Therefore, organic fertilizer application could improve P availability and crop growth; however, high-level organic fertilization increases the risk of P loss in coastal saline-alkaline paddy soils.


A new fully-digital CMOS pulse generator for impulse-radio Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) systems is presented. First, the shape of the pulse which best fits the FCC regulation in the 3.1-5 GHz sub-band of the entire 3.1-10.6 GHz UWB bandwidth is derived and approximated using rectangular digital pulses. In particular, the number and width of pulses that approximate an ideal template is found through an ad-hoc optimization methodology. Then a fully differential digital CMOS circuit that synthesizes the pulse sequence is conceived and its functionality demonstrated through post-layout simulations. The results show a very good agreement with the FCC requirements and a low power consumption.


The large Antenna Multifrequency Microwave Radiometer (LAMMR) is a high resolution 4 meter aperture scanning radiometer system designed to determine sea surface temperature and wind speed, atmospheric water vapor and liquid water, precipitation, and various sea ice parameters by interpreting brightness temperature images from low Earth orbiting satellites. The LAMMR with dual linear horizontal and vertical polarization radiometer channels from 1.4 to 91 GHZ can provide multidiscipline data with resolutions from 105 to 7 km. The LAMMR baseline radiometer system uses total power radiometers to achieve delta T's in the 0.5 to 1.7 K range and system calibration accuracies in the 1 to 2 deg range. A cold sky horn/ambient load two point calibration technique is used in this baseline concept and the second detector output uses an integrated and dump circuit to sample the scanning cross-tract resolution cells.


With few therapeutic options, vitiligo can be frustrating for both patients and physicians. Narrowband ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy and tacrolimus ointment have each been shown effective in some patients. These investigators evaluated a combination of both treatments in a double-blind trial in 46 patients with stable, symmetrical vitiligo. All subjects received total-body narrowband UVB two or three times per week (mean number of phototherapy treatments, …


In June of 2008, archaeologists excavated a tomb (M38) of the Chu State from the late Spring-and-Autumn Period. It was a rectangular vertical pit tomb with a wooden tomb chamber and two coffins; the opening at ground level was 7m long from north to south and 5m wide from east to west. The two coffins were laid side by side in the north part of the chamber. The grave goods included bronzes, jade and stone wares, leather armor, etc. The bronzes were especially fine, including chariot-and-horse fittings, tools, ritual vessels of various types, and a wide variety of weapons. The tomb yielded five lidded dingtripods. Judging by the inscriptions on the ritual vessels and weapons, the owner Peng She must have been a high aristocrat of the Chu State. Several tombs of the Peng family had already been found nearby this tomb. So this area appears to have been the cemetery of Peng clan.


Over the past decade indium phosphide has become one of the most intensively studied semiconducting materials. A high saturation velocity and large peak to valley ratio in its velocity field characteristic make it an attractive alternative for many high performance microwave electrical devices. Interest in the InP-InGaAsP alloy system has been further stimulated by the need for emitters and detectors in the 1.3 to 1.55 μm region where the performance of low loss silica fibers is optimal. In addition, an energy gap which is nearly ideal for conversion of solar radiation to electrical power makes it an interesting compound from that point of view. The ability to grow high purity epitaxial layers is important for the evaluation of fundamental material parameters and for controlling the doping level to optimize the performance of specific devices.


Introduction: Dental caries has been more prevalent and even severe in diabetic patients than non diabetics. Salivary factors have been studied for their effects on the process of dental caries in patients of diabetes mellitus type 2. The objective of this study is to access the effect of salivary calcium, salivary fl ow rate, salivary PH , on dental caries among type -2 diabetes patient and non diabetic patients. Martials and Methods: The samples of saliva were collected from 30 patients of diabetes mellitus type 2 and 30 age and sex matched controls after getting informed consent. Clinical data was collected by using modifi ed WHO oral health survey basic method 1997 dentition status index was taken for dental caries. The salivary sample was collected to analyse salivary pH, salivary fl ow rate and salivary calcium. Results: The salivary pH, fl ow rate, and calcium levels were found to be low in patients as compared to controls. The glycemic factors were signifi cantly correlated with salivary factors indicating their infl uence on progression of caries in diabetes. Conclusion: On the basis of fi ndings, it is concluded that the suitable salivary pH and fl ow rate may be regarded as main protective factors against dental caries in diabetes. Optimum level of salivary calcium may be responsible for continuous supply of calcium to arrest the demineralization and help reduce the occurrence of dental caries


Field studies were carried out in 1989–1995 and 2006–2012 on plantations of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris ). During this period, 542 phytosociological releves were made using the Braun-Blanquet method. In total, 46 weed species were found. In 1989–1995, the occurrence of 36 segetal species was reported. The highest cover indices were determined for Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus . Galium aparine , Echinochloa crus-galli , and Elymus repens were the dominant species, as well. Analysis of the frequency of occurrence revealed one constant species ( Chenopodium album ), two frequent species ( Amaranthus retroflexus and Galium aparine ), and two medium-frequent species ( Echinochloa crus-galli and Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora ). In 2006–2012, the occurrence of 40 weed species on the sugar beet plantations was recorded. The plantations were clearly dominated by Chenopodium album , accompanied by Polygonum persicaria and Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. lapathifolium . Other dominant species comprised Setaria viridis , Galinsoga parviflora , Brassica napus ssp. napus , and Fallopia convolvulus . The Chenopodium album was a constant component of the sugar beet plantations. In turn, no frequent species were observed and six medium-frequent species were found ( Setaria viridis , Galinsoga parviflora , Brassica napus ssp. napus , Echinochloa crus-galli , Amaranthus retroflexus , and Capsella bursa-pastoris ). Noteworthy, the presence of previously unreported species, e.g., Abutilon theophrasti , Hyoscyamus niger , or Artemisia vulgaris , was revealed. These species are rare components in sugar beet crops. A reverse phenomenon, i.e., the disappearance of some species such as Euphorbia helioscopia , Malva neglecta , Rumex acetosella , Sinapis arvensis , or Sisymbrium officinale , was also observed.


Ion velocities in cathode plasma flow of a low voltage vacuum spark have been studied experimentally for peak discharge currents of 1 - 10 kA. Experiments have been performed using the time-of-flight technique at different ranges of ion collector from the discharge gap. It is shown that there are two ion components in the cathode flow. The slow one presents the bulk of ion distribution and at low peak discharge current its velocity is closed to the convenient value for vacuum arc. The fast components¿ velocity is a few times higher than one for slow ions and amplitude of current for these ions at a range of 10 cm from the discharge gap was closed to one for the slow component. As the distance increases, peak of the fast ions decreases sharper than one for the slow component. Amplitudes of signals and mean velocities of both ion components increase sharply with the discharge current. The fast ion component corresponds, apparently, to beam of the multiply charged ions that had been found by the authors earlier. Total amount of these ions attains, approximately, 1013 ions per a pulse.


Presbyopia is an age related effect which affects every human at the age of about 40 years. So far reading glasses are the conventional treatment. According to Helmholtz' theory of accommodation one of the mayor reasons for the development of presbyopia is the increasing sclerosis of the lens. In contrast to that the ciliary muscle and the lens capsule remain mostly active and elastic the whole life. So a possible treatment could be the increase of the flexibility of the lens by creating gliding planes with fs-laser pulses inside the lens tissue. In former studies it was shown that fs-laser pulses were able to increase the flexibility of ex vivo porcine lenses as well as ex vivo human donor lenses. Our current aim was to evaluate the effect of the fs-laser pulses on the crystalline lens of living rabbit eyes due to the fs-lentotomy treatment. The main focus of the evaluation was the exclusion of possible side effects of the treatment like cataract formation or retina damage. The treated eyes were monitored using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Scheimpflug imaging for localizing and studying the tissue effects of the incisions. Furthermore histological sections of the lens and retina were prepared. The rabbits were investigated pre operatively and up to six months post operatively. The fs-laser induced micro incisions were successfully applied to the left lens of each rabbit. The micro incisions within the crystalline lens were detectable with OCT and Scheimpflug imaging up to six month. The imaging within the lens showed a progressive fading of the incisional opacities generated by the femtosecond laser during the six months and no indication of cataract formation was found. OCT and Scheimpflug images emphasize themselves as necessary tools to monitor the micro incisions over time. Histopathological sections of the lens tissue support the findings of the non invasive imaging techniques. Also the histopathological sections of the retina show no thermal induced change due to the irradiation of the fs-pulses.


Objective: To investigate the effects of inflating the cuff of endotracheal tube on tracheal mucosa in anesthetized rabbits.Methods:120 healthy adult rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the pressure of the cuff and time: A (30 cmH 2O for 1,2,4,5 h), B(20 cmH 2O for 1,2,4,5 h), C(2 h by 20 cmH 2O disinflat 10,20,30 min after reinflatly followed by 2 hours'reinflation) and D(control).Results: [WT5BZ]Compared with the control group,abnormal structure of the epithelial lamina was not seen in the group with 2 hours endotracheal tube cuff inflated to 20 cmH 2O, 20 min disinflat and 2 hours reinflate, except slight mitochondrial swelling of ciliated epithelium cells. Over 4 hours of tube cuff inflation to 20 cmH 2O and 2 hours to 30 cmH 2O, histological and ultrastructural study showed the presence of congestion, epithelial degeneration, necrosis, exfoliation, acute inflammation, hemorrhage of mesenchyma of the mucosa of retropharynx and the upper part of trachea. The damages were more severe along with the time of tube cuff inflationConclusion:Damages of tracheal mucosa were minimal when the intracuff pressure was maintained for 2 hours by 20 cmH 2O, and the damages on the mucosa could be greatly decreased if the tube was disinflated for 20 min or more once two hours.


The Greenstone software has helped spread the practical impact of digital library technology throughout the world—particularly in developing countries. This article reviews the project's origins, usage, and the development of support mechanisms for Greenstone users. We begin with a brief summary of salient aspects of this open source software package and its user population. Next we describe how its international, humanitarian focus arose. We then review the special requirements imposed by the conditions that prevail in developing countries. Finally we discuss efforts to establish regional support organizations for Greenstone in India and Africa.


Public enterprises are coming under increasing pressure to provide solutions to broader social and economic issues such as unemployment and income distribution. The public school system in Australia has been under just such pressure, the consequences of which include a restructuring of the system of schooling with a vocational and efficiency emphasis. A new efficiency movement has arrived in Australia. Privatization looms in the background as the ever-present threat if public schooling is unsuccessful in its adjustment to the demands of economic realities. Efficiency has become the major touchstone for administrative action, but the sociopsychological consequences of this new order for the managers of schools have largely been ignored. This article explores these issues and, drawing from a recent study by the author, also describes the emotional fallout for individual school managers in the face of administrative reform.


In this paper ,we give the statistically convergent for quadruple sequence spaces of fuzzy numbers defined by the triple maximal Orlicz function and shows explore properties such as semi-normed space, complete semi-normed space, and others


ABSTRACT Essential oil containing tri-phasic films of chitosan, guar gum, and whey protein isolate were prepared. Eugenol, carvacrol, and citral were used as the oil phase, either alone or in combination. The addition of essential oils decreased the water vapor transmission rate and tensile strength of the films. CLSM confirmed the presence of essential oil droplets within the biopolymer matrix. XRD analysis indicated that the addition of essential oils altered biopolymer interactions. FTIR analysis suggested alterations within whey protein structure in the presence of essential oils. The essential oil containing films showed good antimicrobial activity, suggesting potential application in food packaging.


The aims of this research are to develop Subject Specific Pedagogy with SETS vision that consist of syllabus, lesson plans, students worksheets, and evaluation sheets that can be applied in teaching learning to develop science process skills and learning science motivation for seventh grade students in Junior High School. The study was a Research and Development (R&D) with students in class VII MTs Darul Ishlah Sukorejo as a subject of study. The research start from September to November 2019. The study began with a literature study and field study to obtain information about the problem faced at school, and followed by planning, drafting and validating product by experts. The result shows that Subject Specific Pedagogy with SETS vision feasible to use in teaching and learning based on the validation result from lecturer, teacher, and student response. The Subject Specific Pedagogy with SETS vision potential for develop the science process skills and learning science motivation of students.


The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of stage band versus concert band music literature on the development of musicality and aesthetic sensitivity. Accordingly, pre-instruction and post-instruction tests were administered to approximately 600 band students in six Contra Costa County, California, high schools during the 1971–1972 academic year. There was no significant difference in musicality between the band organizations as evidenced by test scores on the Gaston Test of Musicality. There was, however, a pervasive superiority in favor of the concert bands on the California Test of Aesthetic Judgments in Music. An important observation drawn from the data is that individuals exposed exclusively or partially to concert band literature attained the primary goal of music education—the development of aesthetic sensitivity to music. In this area, they did better than the stage band students.


The recti muscles act on the eyeball from a common origin. Their normal directions prolonged backward would pass practically to a common point in the outer, lower wall of the optic foramen. Their differences of action depend on differences of insertion. By lateral displacement of its insertion one rectus might be made to take up the function of either of the others. A displacement of not more than 15 mm. up or down, and out, would cause the internus to perform the function of the superior or the inferior rectus. Some lateral displacement of the insertion of the recti tendons is possible; and any portion of such lateral displacement can bring about a corresponding change of function. Conceive a plane passed through the insertions of the recti muscles roughly perpendicular to the antero-posterior axis of the eyeball, intersecting the sclera in the circumference of a circle. Then the new function


Under the governmental institutions existing in this country, the legislative branch of government has ultimate authority over the public purse strings. Without its sanction in some form, no taxes may be imposed or other revenue raised; while on the other hand it may place such restrictions as it deems advisable upon the purposes for which expenditures may be made, or the amounts which may be expended for any particular purpose. In many of our governmental units, this power of the legislative body is exercised in a haphazard, hit-or-miss fashion, little or no effort being made to take under systematic consideration the financial policy as a whole. Regular appropriations, special appropriations, supplementary appropriations, deficiency bills, etc., follow one another in confusing sequence, with little thought of where the money is to come from, the result being that nobody in the community, not even the officials themselves who are presumably responsible, have any intelligent idea of the existing financial status or of the policy which is being followed. Reduced to its lowest terms, budgetary procedure is coming to signify a means through which this power may be exercised in a systematic and intelligent manner, taking all factors into consideration at the same time, or with relation to one another, and enacting or determining upon, so far as possible, all legislation at once for a given period. The present article is not an attempt to add new contributions of a technical character to existing discussions of the subject. If it can by restatement present the main principles in such a way as to be helpful to a wider understanding of them and of their application, the writer's object will have been achieved.'


A variety of distributed cooperative strategies of mobiles agents are discovered to perform covering and tracking tasks. However, energy is a challenge for them. Energy-out may cause the failure of the mission. In this paper, a decentralized tracking problem of some events is considered by using the optimal coverage sensor networks. We emphasize that the occurrence of the events do not have a uniform probability distribution, so we can design a preferred fixed sensor configuration which can help to maximize the probability of detecting the event. That is to say, we deploy the sensors to the positions which can achieve the optimal coverage corresponding to the probability density function obtained from the statistical data in history, which may minimize the energy consumption. Then the tracking method by using the standard Luenberger observer will be shown under the condition that the events really happen in the considered environment. The novelty of our algorithm is that we use the properties of Voronoi partition to achieve decentralized estimation of the position of the events. In fact, the sensor technical reflected on the quantitative effect of the signal, and the quantitative results of position error indirectly affect the performance of the tracking system. So, what is more significant is that we take the sensor quantitative effect on the system into consideration. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the algorithm.


The invention discloses a vanadium-titanium vermicular graphite cast iron which comprises the following compositions in percentage by weight: 3.4-3.9 percent of carbon, 2.1-2.8 percent of silicon, 0.5-0.9 percent of manganese, 0.10-0.35 percent of vanadium, 0.10-0.25 percent of titanium, 0.01-0.035 percent of residual manganese, 0.02-0.045 percent of residual rare earth, 0.1 percent of phosphorus or less, 0.07 percent of sulfur or less and the balance of iron, wherein in the vanadium-titanium vermicular graphite cast iron, the pearlite content is more than 50 percent, and the vermicular graphite rate is more than 60 percent. The vanadium-titanium vermicular graphite cast iron is used for a vehicle brake drum, is obtained with a vanadium-titanium pig iron as raw materials under the condition without singly adding other alloy elements and has the advantages of good mechanical property, high-temperature thermal fatigue resistance, hot cracking resistance, wear resistance, thermal conductivity, smaller wall thickness sensitivity and smaller vermicular fading property.


Nanjing, the Homo sapiens erectus fossil site, is a geographical intermediary between Zhoukoudian, North China, and Sangiran, Indonesia. Fortunately, the Nanjing 1 cranium preserves facial skeleton, which is comparable with those from Zhoukoudian and Sangiran. To examine the geographic variation of Homo sapiens erectus in China, a comparison of Nanjing 1 with Sangiran 17 and Zhoukoudian 11 in facial morphology is made in this paper. The comparison shows that Nanjing 1 resembles Zhoukoudian 11 in many features, including smaller face, flat infraorbital region, flatter upper face, less massive supraorbital torus, mesoconchy orbit, obtuse angle shape of inferolateral margin of the orbit, clear expression of the malar incisure, and high base of zygomatic process of maxilla. However, Nanjing 1 resembles Sangiran 17 in other features. These features include broad face, the supraorbital torus projecting more medially than laterally in superion view, relatively horizontal orientation of the inferior border of the supraorbital torus, distinct internasal keeling, tented shape of saddle in transverse section, eversion of the low border of the zygomatic, a more laterally situated malar tubercle, and a higher zygomatic bone. Nanjing 1, as Hexian does, is a morphological intermediary between Zhoukoudian and Sagiran, and suggests a geographic variation between North and South Homo sapiens erectus in China. The morphology of Nanjing 1 supports the contention that "There may have been a gradient in morphology running from the north to the south of East Asia" (Wolpoff, 1999).


Utilizing waste materials as an alternative to using virgin construction materials, made from nonrenewable resources, in civil engineering applications is currently one of the most important environmental issues. The unique properties of tire chips such as strength, high frictional resistance and flexibility can be exploited in a beneficial manner in geotechnical applications. This research aims to investigate the benefits of using tire chips as lightweight inclusion to improve the bearing capacity and control the settlement of sandy soil. Forty loading laboratory tests were carried out on a strip-footing model of 50 mm width supported by sand-tire chips mixture. The study was carried out on sand with relative densities of 50%, 75%, and 90%. The thickness of sand layer containing the inclusions underneath the footing was taken equal to 1, 2, 3, and 5 times the strip footing width. The mixture overlies pure sand layer. The mixture was formed at the same relative density as the underlying sand. The percentage of tire chips to sand was taken as 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight. The study revealed that at the same loading level the settlement of strip footing on sand-tire chips mixture was about 30% less than in the case of pure sand. The initial modulus of elasticity increased to a value varied from 2 to 9 times its value in the case of pure sand at the same relative density. Most importantly, the ultimate bearing capacity of sandy soil noticeably increased up to 7 times its value in the case of pure sand. The conclusions of this paper support the use of tire-chips as an environmentally acceptable lightweight inclusion in soil improvement applications.


A manganese nodule collected from the surface of the ocean-floor was investigated with the use of X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, infrared absorption and differential thermal analysis. It was also investigated by chemical analysis and contact chromatographic print method. The results were compared with the data on the previously reproted manganese nodule found at a 3-meter deep core. They showed no remarkable differences, except for the following points: 1) On the X-ray powder diffraction pattern, the surface sample showed 7A and 10A lines, but, the core sample did not. 2) On the contact chromatographic print of Ni, the surface sample showed a homogeneous distribution pattern, while the core sample did not. The authors discuss the differences between the two samples and the source of their manganese components.


The purpose of this Fisheries Management Plan (FMP) within the Lake Victoria Fisheries Research Project was to sustain the livelihoods of the communities who depend on the fishery resources of the lake and to reduce poverty, food insecurity and unemployment. To achieve this goals, a better management of the resources, which would mobilize and include stakeholders at local, regional, national and international level was believed to be the right strategy for success. (PDF contains 79 pages)


In this essay will argue that it has become increasingly difficult to define the meaning of security because, as opposed to being objectively produced, security is intersubjectively socially constructed. This essay uses a 'securitisation' framework (Buzan et al., 1998) in order to analyse the process that occurs when a referent object is securitised. Within security studies, the key scholarly debate relates to the widening or narrowing of security definitions. (Fierke et al., 2016: 15) In the 1990s there was a widening of the agenda, a move away from thinking about security in a purely militaristic sense (Waever 1996: 22). The point of securitisation is to demonstrate there are no definite security threats: referent objects are given meaning and then become security threats. This is part of the reason as to why defining security has become increasingly enigmatic. In the sections to follow, I will use a multi-level approach. This is due to the way that 'securitizing moves' (Buzan et al., 1998: 25) can be enacted by a variety of actors on multiple levels. Analysis of one level would therefore be inappropriate for accurately demonstrating the complexity of security. By adopting such theoretical framework, this essay will argue that security should be thought about as a social construct. Because of this, in this essay will not debate what a security threat is, but instead analyse how and why threats become securitized.


The physical conditions of mature seeds were examined from representatives of six Kentucky populations and one Indiana population of the endangered species Shorts goldenrod iSolidago shorlii, Asteraceae). A random sample of seeds from the Kentucky populations revealed the majority (71%99%) were incapable of successful seedling development, being damaged due either to an insecc predator or to unsuccessful fertilization or embryo abortion. Successful seedling development from phenotypically normal seeds ranged from 71% to 96%in the sampled Kentucky populations. The majority of the damaged seeds were necrotic, ranging from 62%-90%. The Indiana population exhibited the lowest level of herbivory (2%) observed for the species. Two congener goldenrod spGcitsiS.canadcnsis var. altissima and S.^7emo?-aIi5) found growing either within or adjacent to three populations of Short^s goldenrod exhibited lower levels of necrosis and higher levels of herbivory A third congener species iS.gigantca) exhibited equal levels of the two seed conditions (herbivory and necrosis). The influence of seed inviability upon the persistence of natural populations of Short's goldenrod is at present unknown.


This study examines workers' well-being during the first lockdown by comparing teleworkers to on-site workers across the private sector and public administrations. Using a sample of workers (N = 471) collected online, we noted a positive association between telework and well-being. When sector is introduced, this relationship disappears, and public service workers display a higher level of well-being compared with health and social service workers. The impact of teleworking differs across sectors, highlighting the relevance of the contingent approach of human resource management (HRM). Nonetheless, our results indicated that teleworkers who prefer the segmentation of work–life boundaries display a lower level of well-being than those who prefer the integration of these boundaries. For HRM practitioners of all sectors, this finding is essential to remember after the pandemic because organizations should avoid imposing teleworking universally. Flexibility will be required to be inclusive and to preserve the well-being of all employees.


Objectives: This study primarily looks at understanding the influence of aid in framing the health policies of India. In this process, it tries to bring out the challenges and critics of aid as noted by scholars. Methodology: The major aspects discussed in this study such as understanding the aid policies in India, its influence on policy formulation, aid transition, critics of aid received by India are largely derived out of the literature review and interviews conducted with some of the public health experts. Findings/Application: There are three major policy aspects to the aid i.e., policy to streamline the aid receipts to India, India's policy as a donor and importantly the policies of India influenced by donors. This study primarily has looked into the last aspect of it. The mixed economic policy of India, economic theories emerged at the world level and donors and their philosophies have influenced the health policy of India to a greater extent. The mixed economic model of the country adopted the selective health care system much before the proposal of the World Health Organization. Hence the policies at the national level and the influence of donors through the world economic policies such as globalization led to the issues such as privatization, a further decrease in the Govt expenditure on health etc have largely affected the health system of India.


To study the difference between short-term and conventional method in preventing infection after Cesarean-section. To know the effect of short-term intramuscular injection of antibiotics. Case control study was used. Women of selective Cesarean section were divided into two groups. In group A the test group, pregnant women were treated by ampicillin or lincomycin intramuscularly at one hour before operation and one day after the operation. In group B the control group, women were treated by clindamycin, gentamycin or amikacin ivgtt for 3-7 days. Infection after Cesarean-section of group A was compared with that of group B. There was no significant difference on effects between the two groups. The average cost differes significantly. [Conclusion] The effect of infection prevention of short-term method is similar to that of conventional method. Short-term antibiotics induced less side-effects and was less expensive. So it is worth promoting.


Laser contour angiography is a new technique which was developed by the author for topographically mapping the retina and optic nerve head of the eye. A striped pattern of laser light is projected onto the ocular fundus through one side of the patient's dilated pupil. Photographs, taken through the opposite side of the pupil, reveal the topography as parallactic displacements of the stripes. A topographic map is constructed from tracings of the stripes. The method was shown to produce highly reproducible maps. In order to further improve the reproducibility of the topographic measurements, the effects of the man-machine interaction during the stripe tracing process on measurement error were investigated. The tracing strategy of the operator is to estimate the position along the edge of a stripe at which the perceived light intensity is halfway between the local maximum and minimum. The relationship of errors in the estimates of position to those in perceived intensity was established using a theoretical model. The predictive ability of the model was tested using repeated measurements on the laser contour angiogram of a human eye. The model predicted a position error (standard deviation) of 4.3 micrometers. This agreed remarkably well with the experimental result of 4.5 micrometers. The results indicated that film grain noise and defocussing of the projected pattern are the primary contributors to measurement error. We now use a finer grain film, and have further reduced the position error to 3.4 micrometers.


We use the minimum meson-dominance ansatz compatible with low- and high energy constrains to model the nucleon axial form factor. The parameters of the resulting axial form factor are the masses and widths of the two axial mesons, incorporated as a product of monopoles. By applying the half width rule in a Monte Carlo simulation a distribution of theoretical predi ctions can be generated for the neutrino-nucleus quasielastic cro ss section. We test the model by applying it to the (νµ,µ) quasielastic cross section from 12 C for the kinematics of the MiniBooNE experiment. The resulting predictions have no free parameters. The relativistic Fermi gas model globally reproduces the experimental data, givingχ 2 /#bins = 0.81. A Q 2 dependent error analysis of the neutrino data shows that the uncertainties in the axial f orm factor GA(Q 2 ) are comparable to the ones induced by the a priori


Based on reviewing business model definition and taxonomy literatures,and analyzing external opportunities that smart grid brings power grid enterprise,systematically put forward under smart grid innovative business models,and investigate how power grid enterprise would play in the new business models.Finally,give some suggestions about how power grid enterprise well innovate its business model under smart grid.


[Problem] To provide a thrust generating device that has a simple structure and can effectively control the magnitude of a Magnus force generated at a cylindrical blade in accordance with the direction of a flow acting on the cylindrical blade. [Solution] Provided is a Magnus-type thrust generating device that comprises: a first member 1 that has a first rotational axis C1 and that can rotate about the first rotational axis C1; and a second member 4 that is disposed at a rear surface side in an advancement direction of the first member 1. (M - L)/L < 2 is satisfied, where L is the distance from the first rotational axis C1 to the most distant part of the surface of the first member 1 and M is the distance from the first rotational axis C1 to the closest part of the surface of the second member 4 in a plane perpendicular to the first rotational axis C1 of the Magnus-type thrust generating device.


Abstract The 3.5 meter diameter Herschel Space Observatory conducted a ∼720 square-degree survey of the Galactic plane, the Herschel Galactic plane survey (Hi-GAL). These data provide the most sensitive and highest resolution observations of the far-IR to sub-mm continuum from the central molecular zone (CMZ) at λ = 70, 160, 250, 350, and 500 μm obtained to date. Hi-GAL can be used to map the distributions of temperature and column density of dust in CMZ clouds, warm dust in Hii regions, and identify highly embedded massive protostars and clusters and the dusty shells ejected by supergiant stars. These data enable classification of sources and re-evaluation of the current and recent star-formation rate in the CMZ. The outer CMZ beyond |l| = 0.9 degrees (Rgal > 130 pc) contains most of the dense (n > 104 cm−3 gas in the Galaxy but supports very little star formation. The Hi-GAL and Spitzer data show that almost all star formation occurs in clouds moving on x2 orbits at Rgal < 100 pc. While the 106 M⊙ Sgr B2 complex, the 50 km s−1 cloud near Sgr A, and the Sgr C region are forming clusters of massive stars, other clouds are relatively inactive star formers, despite their high densities, large masses, and compact sizes. The asymmetric distribution of dense gas about Sgr A* on degree scales (most dense CMZ gas and dust is at positive Galactic longitudes and positive VLSR) and compact 24 μm sources (most are at negative longitudes) may indicate that eposidic mini-starbursts occasionally 'blow-out' a portion of the gas on these x2 orbits. The resulting massive-star feedback may fuel the compact 30 pc scale Galactic center bubble associated with the Arches and Quintuplet clusters, the several hundred pc scale Sofue-Handa lobe, and the kpc-scale Fermi/LAT bubble, making it the largest 'superbubble' in the Galaxy. A consequence of this model is that in our Galaxy, instead of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) limiting star formation, star formation may limit the growth of the SMBH.


The oxidation reaction of 1,4-benzodioxin 1 by m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) are reported. 1,2-Benzoquinone 2 was given in moderate yields by the m-CPBA oxidation of 1,4-benzodioxin 1, while 1,2-benzoquinone 2 was predominantly formed by t-BHP oxidation.


Abstract Let (Ω, A, P) be a complete probability space. We show that the trivial function is the unique L 1-solution of the following refinement type equation for a wide class of the given functions φ. This class contains functions of the form φ(x, ω) = α(ω)x – β(ω) with –∞ < ∫Ω log|α(ω)|dP(ω) < 0.


The effective Lagrangian for Nambu–Goldstone bosons (NGBs) in systems without Lorentz invariance has a novel feature that some of the NGBs are canonically conjugate to each other, hence describing one dynamical degree of freedom by two NGB fields. We develop explicit forms of their effective Lagrangian up to the quadratic order in derivatives. We clarify the counting rules of NGB degrees of freedom, and completely classify possibilities of such canonically conjugate pairs based on topology of the coset spaces. Its consequence on the dispersion relations of the NGBs is clarified. We also present simple scaling arguments when interactions among NGBs are marginal, or irrelevant, which justifies lore in the literature about the stability of long-range order.


We present the results on the searches for the SM and the non‐SM Higgs boson production in pp collisions at s = 1.96 TeV with the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Using data corresponding to 300–700 pb−1, we search for the Higgs boson in various production and decay channels. No signal is observed, therefore, we set upper limits on the production cross‐section times branching fraction as a function of the Higgs boson mass.


Four kinds of the Pascal operator matrices are defined.The relationship between the matrices is given.Some algebraic properties of the matrices are investigated.Many combinatorial identities are obtained by using polynomials of binomial type,operator and the umbral calculus also.


Soils are applied solely to those superficial or nearly superficial horizons of rocks, that have been more or less modified naturally by the interaction of water, air and various kinds of organisms, either living or dead; this being reflected in a certain manner in composition, structure, and color of such formations. Where these conditions are absent, there are no natural soils, but either artificial mixtures or rocks (Dokuchev,1948). Soil generally consists of four major components which are as i) mineral matter, ii) organic matter, iii) water and iv) air, etc. Upon these organic matters and mineral components the whole microbial components are dependent. Soil microbiology is generally the study of the soil microflora and microfauna. Soil is a good culture media for microorganisms. Microflora generally represents algae but in the case of microfauna they have very dense diversity in the soil as we can say the soil works as a very good culture and growth media for them. They have a vital role in nutrient cycling and promoting plant growth in the soil. There are types of soil microfauna which are as, soil fungi, soil bacteria, soil actinomycetes, and soil protozoa. But other faunal components are there too as small insects which help in the degradation of organic matter. The earth's life-forms are majorly supported by the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. The all the support mediums in this earth has a genuine population of microorganisms (e.g. either microflora or microfauna or both). The lithosphere or the soil has a more dense population of these organisms of which many hasn't even been discovered till now. These organisms are least differentiated of all forms of life. They are either unicellular or sometimes a group of few cells arranged distinctively. They are too small to be seen by Abstract: In the whole study we solely tried to understand the post-fire conditions of soil micro-organisms in the forest soils over which Chirpine (Pinus roxburghii) is the dominant species. There was much litter fall in the forest floor of Chirpine (Pinus roxburghii) forests and due to heavy litter fall in some areas of forest, the fire incidences took place so, the population of soil micro-organisms gets affected. Therefore, the post fire (burnt) and pre-fire (unburnt) condition of soil profile has been studied to understand the soil fertility and substrate quality of soil. Soil samples were collected from Purola Forest Range, Uttarakhand. As samples are taken account to observe microbial population so from the surface soil up to 30 cm. depth, the samples were taken from 0 to 15 cm. and 15 to 30 cm. from the forest site. Samples were collected randomly and brought to the laboratory for study of microbial population. After air drying the samples were sieved and weighed and then used as culture inoculums. Various media like Potato Dextrose Agar media, Glycerol Yeast Agar media and Nutrient Agar media was used to study Bacteria, Actinomycetes and Fungi population in the forest soil samples. Both burnt and unburnt samples were collected and compared. The conclusion has also been drawn by comparing the results through discussion that there is impact of forest fire in forest soil microbial population. The population of micro-organism is decreased after fires. Various research finding of different authors were also studied with the study results which has helped in writing of this paper for increase or decrease in soil microbial population in the study area.


Aim: This study aims to investigate the role of gut microbiota in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) induction by monosodium glutamate (MSG) with the study of the protective effect of flaxseeds. Methods: 24 female rats were divided into three groups: Group 1: distilled water; Group 2: MSG; and Group 3: flaxseed + MSG. Finally, body and ovarian weights, HOMA-IR, plasma (gonadal hormones, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, and lipopolysaccharides), intestinal (alkaline phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, Trimethylamine N-oxide, and free fatty acid receptor 2 gene expression), ovarian tissue (Silent Information Regulator 1 (SIRT1), reduced glutathione, and gene expression of mitogen activated protein kinase (AMPKα) and SIRT1) were determined. In addition, vaginal swaps, ovarian histopathology, and immunohistochemical staining of BCL2 and Bax were done. Results: MSG-induced insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, intestinal dysbiosis, ovarian oxidative stress, and inflammation through modulation of the AMPKα/SIRT1 pathway. On the other hand, flaxseed significantly prevented these findings. Conclusion: MSG-induced gut dysbiosis that predisposes to PCOS and ingestion of flaxseed can be considered a prospective protective agent against PCOS development


The supervision of collusion behavior in the government procurement is discussed in this paper. The parallel collusion game model between suppliers and the vertical collusion game model between suppliers and procurement departments are respectively constructed. The Nash equilibrium solution of the parallel collusion model is analyzed. For no Nash equilibrium in the vertical collusion game model, then the mixed strategy equilibrium is analyzed. The relations between the monitoring and inspecting probability, punishment (fines and long-term loss) and collusion strategy are explained. The exchangeability between monitoring strategy and punishment is verified. Summarize models' optimal strategy solution, and on this basis, point out relevant policy suggestions.


In this paper, the estimation of the stress-strength parameter ( ) X Y P R < = , when X and Y are independent and both are Lomax distributions with the common scale parameters but different shape parameters is studied. The maximum likelihood estimator of R is derived. Assuming that the common scale parameter is known, the bayes estimator and exact confidence interval of R are discussed. Simulation study to investigate performance of the different proposed methods has been carried out. Keywords—Stress-Strength model; maximum likelihood estimator; Bayes estimator; Lomax distribution


The recent outbreak of the perianth-inhabiting mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer, 1965 (Acari: Eriophyidae), on coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) in India has resulted in the recognition of the biocontrol potential of fungal pathogens, principally Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher (Kumar 2002). Like other mites, the small size of A. guerreronis (205–255 x 36–52μm) makes disease identification and the understanding of host-pathogen interactions hard. This paper reports a simple and effective technique to study diseases caused by fungi in A. guerreronis with special reference to that incited by H. thompsonii . This new method also makes the process of isolating the disease-causing organism(s) easier.


Political participation plays an important role in protecting the interests of the Chinese overseas in Indonesia and Malaysia. This journal is qualitative research with a library approach method. This research aims to find 1) political participation patterns of Chinese Oversees in Indonesia and Malaysia; 2) factors that influence the political participation of Chinese Oversees in Indonesia and Malaysia. Chinese overseas in Indonesia and Malaysia do not actively participate in politics as the local ethnic majorities, however with the development of democracy, the Chinese overseas mainly take part in the political field by voting in national elections and regional elections, participating in political parties, joining various associations, and building close relationships with government officials. In political participation, Chinese overseas is mainly influenced by the level of democracy, political awareness, and relations with local ethics.KEYWORDS: Political Participation, Chinese Overseas, Indonesia, Malaysia


Delayed engraftment remains a major hurdle following cord blood (CB) transplantation. It may be due, at least in part, to low fucosylation of cell surface molecules important for homing to the BM microenvironment. Since fucosylation of specific cell surface ligands is required before effective interaction with selectins expressed by the BM microvasculature can occur, a simple 30 minute ex vivo incubation of CB HPC with fucosyltransferase (FT) - VI and its substrate (GDP-fucose) was performed to increase levels of fucosylation. The physiologic impact of CB HPC hypo-fucosylation was investigated in vivo in NOD-SCID IL-2R γ null (NSG) mice. By isolating fucosylated and non-fucosylated CD34 + cells from CB we show that only fucosylated CD34 + cells are responsible for engraftment in NSG mice. Further, since the proportion of CD34 + cells that are fucosylated in CB is significantly less than in BM and PB, we hypothesize that these combined observations might explain, at least in part, the delayed engraftment observed following CB transplantation. Since engraftment appears to be correlated with the fucosylation of CD34 + cells, we hypothesized that increasing the proportion of CD34 + cells that are fucosylated would improve CB engraftment. Ex vivo treatment with fucosyltransferase (FT)-VI significantly increases the levels of CD34 + fucosylation and, as hypothesized, this was associated with improved engraftment. Ex vivo fucosylation did not alter the biodistribution of engrafting cells, or pattern of long-term, multi-lineage, multi-tissue engraftment. We propose that ex vivo fucosylation will similarly improve the rate and magnitude of engraftment for CB transplant recipients in a clinical setting.


BACKGROUND
Wearable powered exoskeletons provide intensive overground gait training with patient's active participation: these features promote a successful active motor relearning of ambulation in stroke survivors.

AIM
To investigate the feasibility and the clinical effects of an Overground Exoskeleton-Assisted Gait Training (OEAGT) in subacute stroke patients.

DESIGN
Prospective, pilot pre-post, open label, non-randomized experimental study.

SETTING
Four Italian neurological rehabilitation centres.

POPULATION
Forty-eight subacute stroke patients were enrolled. Two patients dropped out because of medical problems. Data analysis was conducted on 46 subjects (56.84±14.29 years; 27 male; 29 ischemic; 24 left hemiparesis).

METHODS
Patients underwent 15±2 sessions (60 min/session, 3-5 times/week) of OEAGT. Clinical and gait assessments were performed at the beginning (T1) and at the end (T2) of the training period: modified Barthel Index (BI); Modified Ashworth Scale at Hip (MAS-H), Knee (MAS-K), and Ankle (MAS-A) level; Motricity Index (MI); Trunk Control Test (TCT); Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC); Walking Handicap Scale (WHS); 10-meter walking test (10mwt); 6-minute walking test (6mwt); Timed Up and Go test (TUG). The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire evaluated the acceptance of OEAGT by patients. Data stratification was performed using the time post the acute event and the onset of rehabilitation treatment, and the MI at T1. Wilcoxon's test (p-value<0.05) was used.

RESULTS
All clinical scales significantly improved at T2; no statistically significant changes were reported for MAS-H, MAS-K, MAS-A. The 69.57% patients were able to walk at T1; 17.39% were not able to walk at T1 but regained ambulation at T2; and 13.04% were not able to walk at either T1 or T2. The ambulant patients showed a statistical improvement in speed measured during the 10mwt and in the distance covered over a time of 6 minutes (6mwt). The results from the TAM questionnaire showed that all subjects perceived the OEAGT positively. The data stratification analysis suggests that the OEAGT does not have any restriction of use.

CONCLUSIONS
OEAGT improved the clinical and gait outcomes in subacute patients. Randomized studies on larger samples are needed to confirm these data and to assess the efficacy of OEAGT.

CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT
Introduce innovative rehabilitation strategies based on personalised OEAGT.


This article discusses the most difficult period of the Soviet Kazakhstan – the 20-30-ies of the twentieth century. Highlights the problems of hunger 1930-ies, caused by the effects of forced collectivization, and mass settling of the Kazakhs. Examines demographic changes in this period, among the Kazakhs and other Turkic peoples according to the materials of the Union census of 1920-1930-ies. Special attention is paid to the study of the changes in total population, sex and age structure of the Kazakhs. Key words: demography, census, statistics, Turkic peoples, migration, Central administration of national economic accounting (TSUNKHU).


The Internet and various digitization initiatives have opened up immediate access to legal materials such as statutes, bills, law reports etc. through government websites and the Legal Information Institutes. There is a dearth in the legal information that is free and openly accessible for countries in the English-speaking Caribbean even though there has been relative progress in the last ten years. A number of these countries have Freedom of Information or Access to Information legislation which requires that government must make information openly accessible to its citizens. This paper reviews developments and government efforts in providing free and accessible legal information in Belize, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. It discusses and highlights observations over the last ten years, developments and trends including the role of commercial publishers in the region. It concludes with a recommendation for a collaborative initiative in the region using the Canadian Legal Information Institute model.


"Traumnacht in Hawai"
 by Aloha Islanders.
 label: 27312 -
 matrix: BSWS-445. 1 image. Has additional notes. Has associated media files.


Electromotive force measurements in dilute solutions of Ag/sup +/ and Cl/ sup -/ ions in molten equimolar mixtures of NaNO/sub 3/ and KNO/sub 3/ demonstrated over the range of temperatures of 233 to 528 deg that the temperature coefficient of the association constant for the formation of the ion pair Ag/sup +/-Cl/sup -/ is, within the estimated experimental error, correctly given by the expression Z(exp(-- DELTA E/RT) -- 1) which was derived from the quasi lattice model, where Z is the coordination number and DELTA E is the energy of ion pair formation and is a constant. K/sub 1/ varied from 1050 (moles/ mole solvent)/sup -1/ at 233 deg to 133 (moles/mole solvent)/sup -1/ at 528 deg . For possible values of Z = 4, 5, and 6, average values -of -- DELTA E of 5.64, 5.36, and 5.12 kcal/mole, respectively, were calculated.


The residual stresses induced around through-silicon vias (TSVs) by a fabrication process is one of the major concerns of reliability. We proposed a methodology to investigate the residual stress in a via-last TSV. Firstly, radial and axial thermal stresses were measured by polarized Raman spectroscopy. The agreement between the simulated stress level and measured results validated the detail simulation model. Furthermore, the validated simulation model was adopted to the study of residual stress by element death/birth methods. The residual stress at room temperature concentrates at passivation layers owing to the high fabrication process temperatures of 420 °C for SiN film and 350 °C for SiO2 films. For a Si substrate, a high-level stress was observed near potential device locations, which requires attention to address reliability concerns in stress-sensitive devices. This methodology of residual stress analysis can be adopted to investigate the residual stress in other devices.


dosis and other disorders while being treated with povidone iodine. These researchers recommend that the use of this agent be restricted to burns of 20% or less. Each chapter ends with a generous list of references for the avid reader. Appended under the title, "Chemical Conversions of Toxicologic Laboratory Values" is information on The International System of Units, the relative molecular mass of selected products, the periodic table of the elements, and other pertinent data. This book makes interesting reading for the wealth of information it contains, and especially about what many would consider innocuous substances, but which can be life-threatening when taken in large amounts, such as salt and fluorides.


A method for adjusting a head of an image forming device is provided to adjust an interval and relative position of print heads in the width and the length direction of paper. A method for adjusting a head of an image forming device, which adjusts overlapped state of a plurality of print heads in the width direction, comprises the steps of setting an input pattern image to be formed by the print heads, driving the print heads according to the set input pattern image and outputting a real output pattern image on printing media, calculating an overlapped value between the print heads through the output pattern image and adjusting an overlapped state of the print heads according to the calculated overlapped value.


The need for more effective maintenance and possibility of continuous exploitation of equipment has developed numerous strategies and methods for machinery maintenance. The maintenance strategy by condition, that requires continuous monitoring and equipment overlook, has initiated the development and use of oil analysis. This article presents the results of oil analysis examinations during application in four stroke engines by ferrographic and physico-chemical methods in order to evaluate possibilities of engine condition monitoring by oil analysis.


An obvious need exists for more efficient and safer techniques for driving development headings for longwalls and also, in many cases, for bord and pillar operations. A very expeditious solution to this problem is proposed, with the potential to drive such headings two or more times faster than can presently be achieved for any specific set of mining conditions.


ObjectiveThe psychiatric clerkship is perceived as an intervention point in medical students' attitude toward psychiatry and career choice after graduation. The authors aim to assess the impact of the psychiatric clerkship in students from Israeli and U.S. origin on their attitude toward psychiatry.MethodsA modified Nielsen's questionnaire was administered at the start and end of the clerkship in two groups of students.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in attitude scores between the start and endpoint of a clerkship on both the Israeli and the United States groups. Item analysis did not reveal significant impact of clerkship.ConclusionThe psychiatry clerkship does not change students' view on the attitude assessed in this study, regardless of their origin (Israeli or U.S.). Further research is needed in order to find more clerkship-dependent contributors to positive or negative attitudes toward psychiatry.


but it is clear that if whole streets are to be revitalized then compulsion will be required. It is questionable, however, if the compulsory powers in the new Act will be strong enough. Because of the various exemptions in the Bill, the survey figures would anticipate only about one in four of houses without bathrooms being improved within the first five years. It must be said that these surveys were carried out at


(Ca 1―x Eu x ) 3 Al 2 O 6 , a red light-emitting phosphor with the excitation of purple-blue light, was prepared by traditional solid reaction method with reducing atmosphere at 1350°C for 4 h in a tube furnace. CaEuAlO 4 emerged as an impurity phase when the content of Eu, x, in (Ca 1―x Eu x ) 3 Al 2 O 6 exceeds 0.03. Furthermore, the content of CaEuAlO 4 rises with Eu concentration. A strong excitation band centering at 467 nm and a broad emission band centering at 650 nm have been discovered in this phosphor, making it possible to manufacture a bargain price white light LEDs with high CRI.


This study aims to develop a model of sustainability-oriented open innovation from the perspective of SMEs. Sustainability performance improvement is a problem for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) due to limited resources. By implementing open innovation, SMEs can take advantage of external resources to innovate in their operations, thereby increasing sustainability performance. The model developed in this study consists of eighteen constructs: sustainability performance, innovativeness, inbound open innovation, six constructs representing organizational relationship factors, and nine constructs representing knowledge factors. The research model is evaluated using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling. The respondents of this study are 199 SMEs that produce Batik Tulis, a traditional Indonesian fabric. The result shows that innovativeness positively relates to sustainability performance and inbound open innovation has a positive relationship with innovativeness. Competence mapping and network position are the organizational factors that positively affect inbound open innovation. The knowledge factors that positively affect inbound open innovation are the appropriation of knowledge output, connective capacity, inventive capacity, and innovative capacity. Identifying these six supporting factors for sustainability-oriented open innovation in SMEs based on empirical evidence is the main theoretical contribution of this study. As a practical implication, SMEs can gradually improve these six supporting factors by being active members and contributing to industrial associations.


Taking MG400/920-WD alternating current electrical haulage shearer as an example to study the key technologies of real-time graphics rendering and accelerating for remote monitoring platform of shearer. An algorithm for level of detail rendering of shearer based on energy function. The selection strategy of collapsing edge and erroneous measurement were established. The time and space overhead needed to calculate the new vertex was saved because the selected edge was collapsed into one of its two vertices, which was unnecessary to recalculate the position of a new vertex after edge collapsing. The results fulfill the demands of real-time graphics rendering for remote monitoring platform of shearer.


The competition between unitary time-evolution and quantum measurements could induce phase transitions in the entanglement characteristics of quantum many-body dynamics. In this work, we reveal such entanglement transitions in the context of non-Hermitian Floquet systems. Focusing on noninteracting fermions in a representative bipartite lattice with balanced gain/loss and under time-periodic quenches, we uncover rich patterns of entanglement transitions due to the interplay between driving and non-Hermitian effects. Specially, we find that the monotonic increase of quenched hopping amplitude could flip the system between volume-law and area-law entangled Floquet phases, yielding alternated entanglement transitions. Meanwhile, the raise of gain/loss strength could trigger area-law to volume-law reentrant transitions in the scaling behavior of steady-state entanglement entropy, which are abnormal and highly unexpected in non-driven systems. Connections between entanglement transitions and parity-time-reversal (PT) transitions in Floquet spectra are further established. Our findings not only build a foundation for exploring entanglement phase transitions in Floquet non-Hermitian setups, but also provide efficient means to engineer and control such transitions by driving fields.


The ability to move a grid during a simulation is of critical importance to many types of simulations, including aero-elasticity simulations for wings, gradient-base d design optimization, dynamic movement of control surfaces for maneuvering, and surface tracking methods for free surface flows. For structured grids, transfinite interpolation is a robust method for propagating defo rmations on the surfaces into the volume grid, and its two-dimensional version is readily extendible to three-dimensions. For unstructured grids, two methods that have been used within two-dimensional grids are the use of linear springs and torsional springs to propagate the changes on the surface into the volume mesh. The use of linear springs provides an efficient method to move unstructured grids, but it is not very robust, in that moderate to large deformations will result in invalid meshes, where some of the elements have been inverted. Farhat developed the torsional spring method for two-dimensional grids, and has demonstrated that this method is much more robust, even for large deformations. Farhat and Murayama have attempted to extend the two-dimensional torsional springs method to threedimensions, and their results are impressive. However, both of their methods reduces the three-dimensional tetrahedra into simpler components without analyzing the dynamics of the three-dimensional object, and as such, their methods do not fully represent a three-dimensional extension of the two-dimensional torsional springs method. In this paper, a three-dimensional extension of the torsional springs method is derived by analyzing the equations of volume and area for a tetrahedron and its faces and edges.


Recent evidence suggests that the endogenous antioxidant glutathione may play a protective role in cardiovascular disease. To directly investigate the role of glutathione in the regulation of glucose metabolism in hypertension, we studied the acute effects of in vivo infusions of this antioxidant (alone or in combination with insulin) on whole body glucose disposal (WBGD) using euglycemic glucose clamp and the effects on total red blood cell intracellular magnesium (RBC-Mg) in hypertensive (n 520) and normotensive (n 530) subjects. The relationships among WBGD, circulating reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) levels, and RBC-Mg in both groups were evaluated. The in vitro effects of glutathione (100 mmol/L) on RBC free cytosolic magnesium (Mg i) were also studied. In vivo infusions of glutathione (15 mg/min 3120 minutes) increased RBC-Mg in both normotensives and hypertensives (1.9960.02 to 2.1360.03 mmol/L, P 0.01, and 1.6960.03 to 1.8160.03 mmol/L, P 0.01, respectively). In vitro GSH but not GSSG increased Mg i (17963 to 21465 mmol/L, P,0.01). In basal conditions, RBC-Mg values were related to GSH/GSSG ratios (r50.84, P,0.0001), and WBGD was directly, significantly, and independently related to both GSH/GSSG ratios (r50.79, P,0.0001) and RBC-Mg (r50.89, P,0.0001). This was also true when hypertensive and control groups were analyzed separately. On multivariate analysis, basal RBC-Mg (t56.81, P,0.001), GSH/GSSG (t53.67,P,0.02), and blood pressure ( t52.89,P,0.05) were each independent determinants of WBGD, with RBC-Mg explaining 31% of the variability of WBGD. These data demonstrate a direct action of glutathione both in vivo and in vitro to enhance intracellular magnesium and a clinical linkage between cellular magnesium, GSH/GSSG ratios, and tissue glucose metabolism. (Hypertension. 1999;34:76-82.)


Lottery ring is formed in a ring shape, so as to form a layer, the pocket ring (12b) and which are concentrically disposed, and award ring (12a), a pocket ring (12b) and Award ring (12a) is mainly concentric and a, and the restraining mechanism operating (21) between a release state for releasing the constrained to rotate relative the constrained state to restrain them to rotate integrally. Then, the pocket ring (12b), a plurality of pockets (16) are provided along the rotational direction (R) for housing the ball (B) for performing a lottery, to award the ring (12a), the layer via disposed along a rotational direction (R) so as to correspond to a plurality of pockets (16), a plurality of privilege display unit specific privilege is associated to each (25) is provided.


We analyze the impact of working and contractual conditions, particularly exposure to job risks, on the probability of acquiring a disability. We postulate a model in which this impact is mediated by the choice of occupation, with a level of risk associated to it. We assume this choice is endogenous, and that it depends on preferences and opportunities in the labour market, both of which may differ between immigrants and natives. To test this hypothesis we use data from the Continuous Sample of Working Lives of the Spanish SS system. It contains individual, job and firm information of over a million workers, including a representative sample of immigrants. We find that risk exposure increases the probability of permanent disability by 5.3%; temporary employment also influences health. Migrant status – with differences among regions of origin – significantly affects both disability and the probability of being employed in a risky occupation. Most groups of immigrants work in riskier jobs, but have lower probability of becoming disabled. Nevertheless, our theoretical hypothesis that disability and risk are jointly determined is not valid for immigrants: i.e. for them working conditions is not a matter of choice in terms of health.


Firstly this paper introduces the positioning theory of GPS, then introduces the component of voice hint and supervision system forlocomotive trainman. This paper mainly introduces the application of GPS receiver for this system.


The mechanism of social movement has important coordination function to social harmony. Harmonious social movement should be harmonious and orderly. It should insist on rules of fair-minded and universal applicable, protect and support weak colony. It is a lot of project question affect social harmonious which in our country' social movement in present. We should perfect market and social management mechanism, accelerate harmonious social movement.


"A survey was made on this date for the purpose of ascertaining whether or not log jams in the Elk City region of the Yaquina River and Elk River (Yaquina River tributary) were a serious menace to the passage of salmon." (p.1)


It has been speculated that somatic hypermutation of rearranged immunoglobulin variable (V) region genes does not only take place in the germinal center (GC) microenvironment, but also in the marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen, and that human peripheral blood IgM‐positive B cells with somatically mutated V region genes may derive from mutating MZ B cells. As somatic hypermutation is strictly dependent on the enzyme activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID), we used an AID‐specific monoclonal antibody that is suitable for immunohistochemical staining to analyze human splenic MZ cells for AID expression. Analysis of tissue sections from 29 spleens revealed only very rare MZ cells (approx. 0.05%) showing AID staining, whereas in 25 of the spleen samples strong AID staining of GC B cells was observed. Thus, there are virtually no AID‐expressing MZ B cells, indicating that somatic hypermutation does not take place at a significant level in the MZ. Consequently, it appears unlikely that the somatically mutated IgM B cells are generated in the splenic MZ. Moreover, the lack of AID‐positive MZ B cells questions the recent speculation that B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias with mutated V genes are derived from mutating MZ B cells.


Summary

Multifunctional polymeric matrix composites combining proper mechanical properties with thermal insulating properties were manufactured. Such new composites consist of carbon fibers in low volume proportion (15% v/v), novolac resin as matrix, hexamethylenetetramine as curing agent and perlite as additive. The incorporation of 10% w/w perlite instead of the corresponding amount of novolac in these composites leads to lower density, and simultaneously the bending strength and shear strength remain constant. The coefficient of thermal conductivity indicates that these composites have thermal insulating properties.


The ecological, social and safety implications of railway transport freights of dangerous cargo require addressing the fact that while hazardous substances are an integral part of people's way of life in the modern age, they can adversely and severely affect living standards. The incorrect storage, transportation, loading and unloading of dangerous cargo could pose a serious threat to people, their property and the environment. In recent years, accidents involving the transportation of dangerous cargo have become more frequent. An indicative example in this regard is the explosion of several cisterns containing propane-butane at the railway station in the village of Hitrino – a severe accident which killed seven people and injured ninety-nine. This can be classified as an ecological and social disaster. The present article is a response to a multitude of such accidents and to issues such as poor conditions of railway infrastructure, outdated and obsolete rolling stock, lack of qualified personnel and lack of measures for limiting harmful impact on the environment. The goal of this paper is to justify the necessity for improving the environmental friendliness and safety of railway transport freights of dangerous cargo within the Republic of Bulgaria and to indicate specific measures and guidelines to this effect. The topicality of the paper is supported by the probability of reoccurrence of these ecological disasters with irreversible consequences for people and the environment.


In a homomorphic signature scheme, given a vector of signatures ~σ corresponding to a dataset of messages ~ μ, there is a public algorithm that allows to derive a signature σ′ for message μ′ = f(~ μ) for any function f . Given the tuple (σ′, μ′, f) anyone can publicly verify the result of the computation of function f . Along with the standard notion of unforgeability for signatures, the security of homomorphic signatures guarantees that no adversary is able to make a forgery σ∗ for μ∗ 6= f(~ μ). We construct the first homomorphic signature scheme for evaluating arbitrary functions. In our scheme, the public parameters and the size of the resulting signature grows polynomially with the depth of the circuit representation of f . Our scheme is secure in the standard model assuming hardness of finding Small Integer Solutions in hard lattices. Furthermore, our construction has asymptotically fast verification which immediately leads to a new solution for verifiable outsourcing with pre-processing phase. Previous state of the art constructions were limited to evaluating polynomials of constant degree, secure in random oracle model without asymptotically fast verification. ∗Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Supported by Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship (NSERC-CGSD3). †Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for detecting/predicting fog, and an automatically activated fog protection system onboard a vehicle such as an aircraft.SOLUTION: A method is provided that includes a number of operations performed in real-time during operation of a vehicle. That is, the method may include: detecting fog on an interior surface of a window 124 using one or more sensors 120 according to a process; and automatically activating a fog protection system 132 to reduce or prevent fog on the interior surface of the window in an instance in which fog is detected according to the process. For each sensor, the process may include receiving a measurement from the sensor. The process may include: identifying or calculating a dew-point temperature in a compartment 102 of the vehicle including the window to an exterior of the vehicle, on the basis of the measurement; and detecting fog on the interior surface of the window in an instance in which the dew-point temperature is near, at, or above a surface temperature of the interior surface of the window.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A