Craniomandibular osteopathy is a proliferative, nonneoplastic, degenerative bone disorder, which is uncommon in dogs. It affects, mainly, the skull bones, and possibly the long bones. This disease affects more immature dogs, from three to eight months old, prepubertal, of the West Highland and Scottish terrier breeds. It is a self-limiting disease with no sex predilection. The main clinical signs are basically enlarged and painful jaw, drooling, and intermittent fever as well. Diagnosis is based on clinical, radiographic and histopathological examination. The treatment is based on pain control


FIELD: medical equipment. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to medical equipment, namely to the means of provision of non-invasive neuro-stimulation to the patients. System includes the mouthpiece that comprises the elongated body with the non-planar outer upper surface with the front and rear areas, the printed circuit board that has the plurality of electrodes for subcutaneous stimulation of the patient's tongue, the board is installed at the bottom of the elongated body, the control circuit in the upper part of the elongated body, which is necessary for controlling the electrical signals, cable, which supplies electric current to the electrodes through the control circuit, controller. First end of the cable is attached to the front of the elongated body, the second end of the cable is connected to the controller via the connector. Controller comprises the elongated U-shaped element, which is configured with the possibility to rest on the patient's shoulders, at the end of which the electronic connector socket is situated, inside which there is the microcontroller, designed with the possibility to send electrical control signals to the mouthpiece, they determine the amplitude and duration of electrical signals, the accelerometer for measuring the level of activity of the patient. Second system further includes the data logger for recording the activity level information. Third system contains the language recognition circuit for determining the contact of the plurality of electrodes with the tongue. Fourth system contains the clock for determining the total usage time. Fifth system contains the audio indicator in order to alert the patient that the battery is insufficient to complete the session. First communication module is used in the sixth to tenth options of the system that supplies the electric current to the electrodes through the control circuit. Mobile device is used in the eleventh to fifteenth options of the systems in order to send the electrical control signals to the mouthpiece, which define the amplitude and duration of electrical signals that are supplied to the patient's tongue. EFFECT: use of the group of inventions allows to expand the range of means for non-invasive neuro-stimulation. 30 cl, 25 dwg


A classification of onycholysis has been reviewed. It is suggested that etiology be appended where possible, and the term ``idiopathic onycholysis'' be used in its true sense. Cultural studies revealed that similar organisms were found under normal as well as abnormal nails with the possible exception of Candida albicans. Histologic studies of nail clippings were feasible in determining the presence or absence of microbial invasion of the nail plate. Therapy consisting of clipping away the affected nail, cleansing, and applying an antimicrobial and antifungal agent was successful in healing 16 of 27 cases. The present study recognizes that other antimicrobial agents of sufficiently wide range could be equally successful when combined with thorough debridement and cleansing of the involved nail areas.


Austenitic stainless steel is the first choice of the chemical industry and nuclear industry, mainly due to its high corrosion resistance and high temperature creep properties of unique. Austenitic stainless steel welding is an integral part of the nuclear component technology and ultrasonic nondestructive testing(NDT),and plays the important role of the testing of welded joint integrity.The concept of manual ultrasonic testing flaw, crack and discontinuous point defects have been replaced by computerization,automation and mechanization. The distance of ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology in industrial system, especially the composition of several welded joints in pressure container test, has been widely applied.


Nowadays, there is a growing interest to use drones professionally in telecommunications and industrial environments. Drones are a rapidly evolving technology with potential for different surveying and measurement purposes. Drones are able to perform surveying tasks while flying in the air quickly and inexpensively. The recent developments on the field of technology and the potential applications of drones result in an increasingly widespread use. The objective of this thesis was to research if a drone based measurement system radio frequency signal exposure assessment it is a feasible concept. The present project includes the search of the necessary components (embedded-systems computer and electronic components), the design and implementation of the electronic circuit, the programming of the software needed for the experiments, the performance of experiments with the developed system and the analysis of the data obtained. The research showed that a drone based measurement system for radio frequency is fit for this purpose. The system can produce accurate and timely results, being capable of replacing more traditional measurement methods that requires large amounts of time, effort and money.
El presente trabajo final de grado denominado "Diseno de un sistema de medicion de senales GSM mediante drones", fue realizado por Alvaro Zornoza Una, estudiante del Grado en Ingenieria Electronica Industrial y Automatica en la Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, durante un intercambio Erasmus + en la Kaunas University of Technology de Lituania durante el segundo cuatrimeste de 2017.


In given clause the legal nature of the Eurasian economic Community, as regional economic association of the sovereign states is investigated. Features, problems, lacks of organizational-legal sphere within the limits of Community, and also questions which are necessary for solving in connection with functioning of the Eurasian economic community are considered.


Background: Mushroom tyrosinase (MT) as a metalloenzyme is a good model for mechanistic studies of melanogenesis. To recognize the mechanism of MT action, it is important to investigate its inhibition, activation, mutation, and modification properties. Objectives: In this study, the chemical modification of MT tryptophan residues was carried out by using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and then, the activity, stability, and structure of the native and modified enzymes were compared. Methods: Chemical modification of MT tryptophan residues was accomplished by enzyme incubation with different concentrations of NBS. The relative activity of native and modified MT was investigated through catecholase enzyme reaction in presence of dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) as substrate. Thermodynamic parameters including standard Gibbs free energy change (∆G25°C) and Melting temperature (Tm) were obtained from thermal denaturation of the native and modified enzymes. The circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence techniques were used to study secondary and tertiary structure of MT, respectively. All experiments were conducted in 2015 in biophysical laboratory of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. Results: The relative activity reduced from 100% for native enzyme to 10%, 7.9%, and 6.4% for modified MT with different NBS of concentrations 2, 10, and 20 mM, respectively. Thermal instability of modified enzyme was confirmed by decreased Tm and ∆G25°C values after modification. In accordance with kinetic and thermodynamic results, the lower stability of modified MT was observed from the changes occurred on its secondary and tertiary structures. Conclusions: Chemical modification of tryptophan residues with NBS reduces the activity and stability of MT simultaneously with its structural change. Thus, this study emphasizes the crucial role of tryptophan residues in the structure-function relationship of MT enzyme.


Lighting world will change drastically due to the replacement of the traditional TL, PL and incandescent lamps by white LEDs. Advantageous features of white LEDs are a longer lifetime, lower energy consumption and extended possibilities for integration and miniaturisation. A white LED can be realized by combing a UV-blue LED with conversion phosphers, which partially convert the UV-blue light into yellow, green or red light, resulting in white light. An overview is presented of recent developments in the field of a novel class of conversion phosphors, viz. rare-earth doped silicon nitride materials, which have been investigated during the PhD research of Dr. Y.Q. Li.


A refined trigonometric higher-order plate theory is presented for bending analysis of simply supported functionally graded ceramic–metal sandwich plates. The effects of transverse shear strains as well as the transverse normal strain are taken into account. The number of unknown functions involved in the present theory is only four as against six or more in case of other shear and normal deformations theories. Several types of the present symmetric and non-symmetric sandwich plates are used. The faces are assumed to be functionally graded through the thickness, while the core layer is still homogeneous and made of an isotropic material. The present refined plate theory is used to derive the field equations of the functionally graded sandwich plates. Numerical results of the present theory are compared with other theories to show the effect of the inclusion of transverse normal strain on the deflections and stresses.


Two carbon sources viz., sucrose and maltose were used to induce extracellular polysaccharide production in Aspergillus niger . Maximum production of polysaccharide 513 mg/100ml of culture filtrate was observed at pH 7, 10% sucrose concentration, 15 days of incubation.   Polysaccharide production was increased with increase in growth of mycelium of A. niger in both the substrates.   The optimum pH and incubation periods for the maximum production of polysaccharide were pH 7 and 15 days respectively.   The polysaccharide produced by A. niger was the polyol of 3,4,6 tri-o-methyl D glucose with b -1-3 glycosidic linkage commonly known as glucan.   The polysaccharide produced by this species may be composed of glucose and little amount of galactose and other oligosaccharides.   Polarimetric studies revealed that the fractions containing glucose gave laevorotatory values of the optical rotation. Â


Novel diterpene glucosides fusicoccins (FCs) isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Phomopsis (Fusicoccum) amygdali Del. in Italy are not only potent plant growthstimulants1,2) but also novel plant plasma-membrane H+ATPase activators. 3) We have found that FCs had strong seed germination-promoting activity of parasitic weeds, witchweed (Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth) and clover broomrape (Orobanche minor Smith). 4)We examined the


Coral reefs have largely declined across the northeastern Caribbean following the 2005 massive bleaching event. Climate change-related sea surface warming and coral disease outbreaks of a white plague-like syndrome and of yellow band disease (YBD) have caused significant coral decline affecting massive reef building species (i.e.,  Orbicella annularis species complex) which show no apparent signs of recovery through larval sexual recruitment. We addressed coral recruit densities across three spur and groove reef locations along the western shelf of remote Mona Island, Puerto Rico: Punta Capitan (PCA), Pasa de Las Carmelitas (PLC), and Las Carmelitas-South (LCS). Data were collected during November 2012 along 93 haphazard transects across three depth zones (<5m, 5-10m, 10-15m). A total of 32 coral species (9 octocorals, 1 hydrocoral, 22 scleractinians) were documented among the recruit community. Communities had low densities and dominance by short-lived brooder species seven years after the 2005 event. Mean coral recruit density ranged from 1.2 to 10.5/m 2  at PCA, 6.3 to 7.2/m 2  at LCS, 4.5 to 9.5/m 2  at PLC. Differences in coral recruit community structure can be attributed to slight variation in percent macroalgal cover and composition as study sites had nearly similar benthic spatial heterogeneity. Dominance by ephemeral coral species was widespread. Recovery of largely declining massive reef-building species such as the O. annularis  species complex was limited or non-existent. The lack of recovery could be the combined result of several mechanisms involving climate change, YBD disease, macroalgae, fishing, urchins and Mona Island's reefs limited connectivity to other reef systems. There is also for rehabilitation of fish trophic structure, with emphasis in recovering herbivore guilds and depleted populations of  D. antillarum . Failing to recognize the importance of ecosystem-based management and resilience rehabilitation may deem remote coral reefs recovery unlikely. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 3): 49-64. Epub 2014 September 01.


The present invention relates to a closure assembly for reclosable bags, characterized in that it comprises on its front longitudinal end, a marker (108) for controlling the orientation of said closure assembly when it is in place on a film constituting body bags.


This paper introduces basic concepts of rule based test generation with mind maps, and reports experiences learned from industrial application of this technique in the domain of smart card testing by Giesecke & Devrient GmbH over the last years. It describes the formalization of test selection criteria used by our test generator, our test generation architecture and test generation framework.


The Papua Province Environmental and Building Arrangement Work Unit is still carried out conventionally in carrying out building data collection. Data collection is still using a questionnaire form, then entered into a computer using Microsoft Excel. This study aims to build an online building data collection information system. Data obtained through direct observation on the object of research and interviews with the building data collection field. The analytical method used to analyze problems in the ongoing system is the PIECES analysis method. The design is carried out using an object-oriented design method, namely, UML design. And the system testing stage uses the black box method. With the existence of an online building data collection information system, it is expected to be a solution to simplify and speed up the process of the survey team conducting building data collection. Keywords: Information System, building data collection, Papua Province Building and Environmental Management Work Unit Copyright © 2020 IAIC All rights reserved.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between housing uncertainties, child time preferences and education outcomes in the form of staying in school. The paper tests the hypothesis that students who face housing uncertainties through mortgage foreclosures and evictions learn impatient behavior and are therefore at greater risk of dropping out of school, impeding human capital formation and economic development.


A terminal unit is provided which can realize effective for enhancing resistance to attempts to attack the security of unjust access to the electronic components. The terminal unit comprises a motherboard (1), implemented in a motherboard an electronic component (2) (1) covering the electronic component sub-plate (2) above (3) and arranged on the motherboard (1) and the sub-plate (3) of the between the frame member so as to surround the electronic component (2) (4). Outside of the wall portion (7) of a flexible printed circuit (5) covers the frame member (4) and (4) is wound so as to cover a wall portion (7) around the frame member from the upper and lower wall portions (7) of the side at least a portion of the inner side. Be protected wiring pattern (6) electrically connected to the electronic component (2) and if the wiring pattern (6) is cut off or short-circuited is formed on a flexible printed circuit (5), is stored on the electronic components (2) information becomes It could not be read.


Running is a popular form of physical activity and can be carried out through several different distances. Morphological characteristics, such as skin fold thickness, limb girth and length, body weight and body fat percentage have an impact on endurance running. The objective of this systematic review study is to collect and analyze studies about the influence of morphological characteristics on running performance of endurance athletes. Based on an analysis of electronic databases and the inclusion criteria set, 20 studies were included in the analysis. The length of the extremities and the sum of the skin folds thickness have the highest statistical significance as the predictor. The results of the analyzed studies indicate that slim limbs, longer legs, lower total skin fold thickness and lower body fat percentage are some of the characteristics that can be good predictors for competitive success and a model to be tended during the preparation period of male and female endurance runners.


This talk will start by describing general techniques and principles for effective computergenerated illustrations of volumetric datasets and review the state-of-the-art of volume illustration. It will then describe unique techniques and problems of both medical and flow data and discuss specific solution techniques for each class of data. An in-depth presentation of the work by Ebert's group in this area will be discussed next, including work on interactive stipple rendering, example-based volume illustration, and then Svakhine's system for interactive medical and flow illustration. The talk will conclude with a discussion of implementation and optimization techniques for interactive volume illustration by Svakhine as well as an interactive demonstration of the use of the system for medical education illustration, surgical simulation training, and analyzing three-dimensional fluid flow datasets, such as flow past spacecraft and convective flows.


Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb) currently used as traditional medicine and as a dye. If the Curcuma will be saved then the water content should not be more than 10-11%. The advantages of drying using a glass plate covered with double collector type can reduce the water content below 10-11 %, reduced drying time and produce dust-free product. The experiment is carried out by inserting curcuma that has been in the form of thin slices into the dryer. Dryers are equipped with several sensors those are (temperature, relative humidity, weight scale and the intensity of sun light) sensors. Measurements of those parameters are performed every interval of 5 minutes. The intensity of sunlight during the day it changes that followed by changes of relative humidity of air (RH) and the rate of water evaporation. Effect of RH, the intensity and temperature in the dryer to the drying characteristic is correlated using mathematical model. There are three common mathematical models used in this experiment as well as the Newton, Page's and Pabis and Page modified equation for calculate the (Specific Moisture Evaporation Rate, SMER) and dryer's performance is expressed by this parameter. The SMER on the 10th of June 2012 reached 0,588 kg/KWh. From these data could be concluded that the effectiveness of the dryer is very good for use as a drying of agricultural products such as curcuma. The equation of this process is modification temperature page equation as MR = exp(0.004.T0.468.t1.3615) with the RMSE was 2.2 %.


Approximate equations describing the evolution of the rotational motion of a viscoelastic planet in a central Newtonian force field are obtained by an averaging method. The equations are written in Andoyer canonical variables. The evolution of the planet's rotation is investigated on the basis of the averaged equations. When energy dissipation is present the motion of a deformable planet can serve as a model of tidal phenomena in the motion of planets of the solar system.


Provocation has been the subject of long-term, international scrutiny and is currently under consideration by the Scottish Law Commission as part of their review of homicide and defences to murder. This article reflects on how provocation is used in practice in Scottish courts and considers two aspects of potential reform in particular: where the basis of the plea is infidelity and where the plea is used in the context of someone killing an abuser. It is recognised that reform of the plea now appears inevitable (and required) but this article cautions against complete abolition or expansion of the plea. The discussion is informed by critical feminist analysis of both reported and unreported cases and seeks to better illuminate how the plea is currently operating in practice.


Kenjeran is one of the famous tourist areas in the city of Surabaya with a population of 7,021 people, most of which are concentrated in the coastal area. The coastal area of Surabaya is an area that is affected by sea level rise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the types of tides that exist in the Kenjeran Region of Surabaya and how much sea level fluctuations and the rate of sea level rise were using real-time tidal data for 2014-2021 and Altrimetry satellite data in the period 2002-2021. The analytical method for tidal calculations was the Admiralty calculation and other method was linear regresion method. Based on the results of processing and calculating the tidal type data in the Kenjeran Region, it was classified as a mixed tidal type tend to the double daily tidal type. The new finding was that the fluctuation values of each data were very different. However, there was a similar pattern of relationship between data obtained from BIG and Altimetry satellites in the period 2014-2021 and 2002-2021, namely the trend of increasing MSL rate based on monthly and annual data. In altimetry satellite data, the differences in sea level rates that occured in the Kenjeran Region in the span of 7 years and 20 years showed a significant difference.


The apparatus for controlling the flow conductance of the plasma formed in the plasma processing apparatus to form a gap between the lower electrode and the upper electrode is provided, including an upper electrode facing the lower electrode. The lower electrode is configured to support a substrate is coupled to an RF power supply. In operation, the process gas flows into the gap is excited into a plasma state. Apparatus, and through a ground ring surrounding the lower electrodes in a concentric manner with the slots of one set formed therein, and the slots it includes a mechanism for controlling the gas flow. Plasma processing apparatus, the gas flow control mechanism, the slot


The application of fibers to reinforce cementitious materials is a well-known subject. At first, asbestos fibers are used in industrial process to produce fiber reinforced cement sheets. Thereafter, various types of synthetic fibers are produced and used as asbestos substitutes. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effect of synthetic fibers on the flexural behavior of cementitious composites. In this study, the flexural strength of cement-based materials reinforced by three different types of synthetic fibers (polypropylene (PP), polyamide 66 (PA66) and acrylic (PAN)) is studied at various volume contents. It was found that although PAN and PA66 improve maximum flexural load borne by the cementitous composite before failure, the PAN fibers improves toughness of cementitous composites about 30% more than PP and PA66 fibers.


In the domain of the blind separation of signals, the infomax algorithm is a mature arithmetic. Which can achieve a successful separation results, especially in separating the speech signals. By using the arithmetic of infomax into the separation of underwater acoustic signals by researching the underwater acoustic signals distributing. And compare the effects of separating the underwater acoustic signals based on different probability density by doing the experimentations. Whether the arithmetic of ICA is successful or not depends on its probability density model to better fit the inherent statistical signal distribution. The ship radiated noise signals in the blind separation experiments proved GGM can better fit the ship radioactive signals and the marine noise signals these two different probability distribution.


Aiming at the characteristic of hard roof and hard coal and the processing problem of Datong Coalfield,this paper put forward a technology of softening top coal and controlling roof for full-mechanized caving mining.This technology improved caving characteristic of top coal and roof by pre-blasting coal and roof and realized high production and high efficiency of full-mechanized caving mining under condition of hard roof and hard coal.


A scientific and reasonable power emergency supplies dispatch model is essential to speed up the restoration process after damage of a power system. Given this background, a multi-objective power emergency supplies dispatch model is presented. Firstly, optimization functions are presented with the objectives of maximizing the material satisfaction and time satisfaction of damaged nodes. Secondly, in order to solve the optimal value of the objective functions, weight parameters of emergency nodes are determined by considering the subjective and objective factors that affect the importance of emergency nodes. Finally, the IEEE 33-bus system and a power emergency supplies dispatch graph are employed for simulation analysis, and the scientificness and effectiveness of the developed model are verified comparing with the result of random scheduling.


The aim of this work was to demonstrate that the source of nitrogen of microalgae growth media has an effect on the biochemical composition by comparing the composition of Chaetoceros muelleri grown in semicontinuous cultures with 30% daily dilutions with an agricultural fertilizer containing three nitrogen sources (AF) and with the traditional f/2 medium. The cell yields, proximate composition, and total essential and nonessential amino acid contents of C. muelleri were similar, but phenylalanine and glutamate were significantly higher with f/2, and alanine was higher with AF. Monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in AF-grown cultures, but polyunsaturates were higher with f/2. Among polyunsaturates, 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) was higher with AF (17.16%) than with f/2 (13.44%), whereas f/2 yielded cells richer in 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid, ARA: 2.08% vs. 1.38%) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA: 6.86% vs. 3.80%). Our results provide evidence that different nitrogen sources may cause variations in the biochemical profile of C. muelleri.


1. Weanling rats, aged 21 d, given a 40 g casein/kg diet for 25 d were compared with 'age-matched' controls given a 200 g casein/kg diet and with 'weight-matched' weanling controls. 2. The protein-malnourished rats demonstrated failure of weight gain and linear growth, hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and fatty liver. 3. Autoradiography of the tibia was carried out 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of Na235SO4 (0.1, 1.0, 2.0, 5, 10 μCi/g body-weight). Sections of tibia, humerus and costochondral junction were stained by haematoxylin and eosin, resorcin-crystal violet and picro-fuchsin, Alcian Blue at pH 0.1 and pH 2.5, Alcian Blue at pH 5.7 with magnesium chloride (0.1, 0.7, 1.0 m), and by Alcian Blue after ovine testicular hyaluronidase (EC 18.104.22.168) digestion. The width of the upper tibial epiphysis was measured and the histological and histochemical features of the epiphyses studied. 4. The incorporation of 35SO4 into the epiphyses of the protein-malnourished animals was markedly reduced. The chondrocytes were small and flattened with frequent pyknotic nuclei. The staining characteristics of the cartilagenous matrix was qualitatively similar in all animals. The epiphyses in malnutrition were found to be thin, all zones being affected. The upper tibial epiphyses (mean±sd; μm) were 202 ±46 for the protein-malnourished animals, 367±52 for age-matched controls and 578±40 for weight-matched controls. 5. The changes found resemble those after hypophysectomy and the possible hormonal factors are discussed.


Since the third plenary session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee, the concept of the mixed ownership economy has been received extensive attention of the society from all walks of life. What proportion of state-owned shares, however, can not only realize the control of state-owned shares to make the public sector of the economy account for the major status, but also expand the scale of state-owned shares to make them fully guide non-public economy and to achieve the development of various ownership together. Based on the background of the mixed ownership reform, the paper creatively use the view of Game Theory to explain how the mixed ownership to expand the scale of control of state-owned assets and to improve the economic efficiency of state-owned companies and protect the rights and interests of small shareholders. The paper draws the conclusion that State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council should abandon the thought of absolute holdings and turn to relative holdings, and should use the game among large shareholders and pyramid shareholding structure to diversify the ownership property of investment subjects.


Progressive hikes in energy cost have increased efforts to locate new offshore reserves in deeper waters. As a result, capabilities in exploration, drilling, and completion now far exceed the ability of the marine-pipeline industry to install, connect, repair, and maintain pipelines. After a brief review of the present methods of installing pipelines in deep waters, the authors discuss a number of new methods, including the one which involves the makeup of pipe onshore and towing of the line to location. Modifications to existing lay barges are suggested, and the surface-positioning methods for the installation equipment, the pipe and its initiating and terminating points are briefly described.


For the past 50 years astronomers have been grappling with issues pertaining to the chemical composition of ionized nebulae, because nebulae are key probes of the composition of distant galaxies. Pressing problems remain, however, in our interpretation and understanding of the spectra of "H ii regions" (ionized nebulae in areas of massive star formation), and "planetary nebulae" (PNe; the ejected envelopes of aging lowto intermediate-mass stars). Over the same time, observational methods have experienced a revolution and detector technology has now progressed sufficiently to allow the quantitative analysis of complex nebular spectra: it is only in recent years that astronomers have at their disposal powerful optical and near-infrared "integral field" spectrographs on 8 m class telescopes in tandem with a vast archive of data from space-borne missions. The high spatio-spectral resolution observations can now be properly exploited, aided by new theoretical calculations and advanced modelling techniques. Crucially, the parallel advances in computing and atomic physics now make the high sensitivity of the observations an excellent match to the accuracy of the theoretical computations, enabling powerful feedback between atomic physics and astrophysics.


Background: A gradual, cumulative degradation of retinal ganglion cells and their axons characterizes glaucoma, a group of progressing optic neuropathies that cause a distinctive look of the optic disc and a concurrent pattern of vision loss, Aim: The work's main objective was to assess the connection between the vessels density determined by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), the ganglion cell complex, and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) utilizing OCT, and the degree of visual field loss in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Patients and Methods: This was observational cross-sectional research that was carried out at department of ophthalmology Banha University from September 2021 to June 2022. The research was carried out on 20 glaucoma patients and 20 Healthy individuals. Results: there was statistically substantial decrease pattern standard deviation (PSD) in control group while there was statistically substantial elevation visual field median deviation in control group compared to glaucoma group. Conclusion: The degree of visual field impairment is highly correlated with OCT-A vascular density measures. In general, these relationships are stronger than common structural measurements like RNFL and rim area. Furthermore, the degree of visual field loss is still highly correlated with OCT-A vessel density assessments. Due to these factors, OCT-A is a potential technique that will enable clinical tracking of vascular variations in glaucoma. Additionally, it may help us better understand the pathophysiology of the condition, particularly its underlying vascular mechanisms.


for the partition of India. The theory held that Muslims of the sub-continent were a homogeneous whole and, hence, a nation in their own right entitled to a separate State. Ironically the fallacy of this theory was exposed at the very moment Pakistan was born, when Muslims themselves were divided between the two new nations. However, the fiction had continued until it was blown out of the water with the emergence of Bangladesh as a sovereign State. Ziring is aware of this conceptual flaw and mentions Pakistan's lack of a theoretical foundation, but he does not offer any in-depth analysis of the two-nation theory. This is regrettable, for the murkiness of the concept of Pakistan has meant that the country has not been able to determine its identity. It is true that Jinnah, in his address to the inaugural meeting of Pakistan's Constituent Assembly, had set out his idea of a modern secular Pakistan, where ' in course of time, Hindus would cease to be Hindus and Muslims would cease to be Muslims, not in the religious sense ... but in the political sense, as citizens of the State'. But the speech evoked little response and only deepened the confusion about the true identity of the new State. It was a negation of what Jinnah, with his cry of ' Islam in danger', had been saying throughout his campaign for the creation of Pakistan. Moreover, if Jinnah was to embrace Nehru's vision of Independent India, where was the need for demanding partition? Anyhow, Jinnah's secular ideas were cast aside when, in March 1949, Liaquat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, had his Objectives Resolution adopted by the Constituent Assembly. Meant as a framework for a new constitution, it asserted that Pakistan was created so that Muslims would be able to live their lives according to Islamic teachings. ' Sovereignty over the entire Universe,' it stated, 'belongs to Allah almighty alone, and the authority, which He has delegated to the State of Pakistan through its people for being exercised within the limits prescribed by Him, is a sacred trust'. Thus, contrary to Jinnah's sentiments, Pakistan was to be, as Ziring puts it, ' a country exclusively for Muslims', where ' non-Muslims would be advised to accept their lesser place'. Ziring questions the need for establishing a state religion or fashioning Pakistan as an Islamic State when there was no apparent threat to Islam. Indeed, the decision to make religion the basis of the State proved to be highly detrimental to the unity of Pakistan. It revived the age-old controversy about the true version of Islam and engendered sectarian conflict. Efforts to Islamize society, which reached their peak under General Ziaul Haq's military regime, dealt a severe blow to the fragile unity of Pakistan. Whole sections of the country's population, including members of the Ahmadiya sect who were excommunicated by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's government, came to feel alienated from both society and State. The irony of it is that despite numerous measures aimed at Islamization, Pakistan today is at best a quasi-Islamic State with strong modernist elements. The Islamic factor has only muddied the waters and deepened Pakistan's crisis of identity. Meanwhile, the country continues to flounder, uncertain of its ethos and even its raison d'etre. As Louis D. Hayes, in The struggle for legitimacy in Pakistan (Lahore, 1986), puts it pithily, ' Pakistanis lack a sense of who they are and why'. Ziring's detailed and perceptive account of political events in Pakistan brings to light some of the causes of Pakistan's dilemma with regard to its identity, which has been at the heart of its political failure. Sadly, however, the book has been marred by a number of factual errors, some minor, others not so minor. To give a few examples: Dadabhoy Naoroji, the eminent nationalist leader, who became the first Indian member of the British Parliament, was a Parsi, not a Hindu; the Hindu Mahasabha could not have led the movement against the partition of Bengal in 1905, as it did not exist then; Khizr Hayat Khan Tiwana did not ban the Muslim League in Punjab—only its volunteer corps, the Muslim National Guard was banned; and the Muslim League did not assume power on the fall of Khizr's government; instead, Punjab was put under Governor's rule which continued until the Partition. It also needs to be said that in his discussion of events preceding the Pakistan movement, Ziring makes some sweeping statements which might just raise a few eyebrows among people of nationalistic, as opposed to communal, persuasion. None the less the book should be welcomed as a valuable contribution to the study of Pakistan's political evolution.


Namely, this regional approach of the ECB allows raising the level of compliance with the EU standards and policies, but also creates an opportunity to advance the cooperation between the central banks in the region and the central banks of the EU. Therefore, I believe that the cooperation will continue in the same spirit and will further advance through other forms of cooperation in various central banking areas.


There is evidence that the relationship between P. aeruginosa acquisition and decline in clinical status in CF patients may be causal from the Wisconsin newborn screening study. Here, the acquisition of P. aeruginosa was not only associated with a worse outcome but the rate of decline in chest radiograph score and lung function accelerated following the acquisition of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore a stepwise rise in antibody levels to pseudomonas elastase was associated with a stepwise deterioration in chest radiograph score. Prognosis in young children with CF, aged 2 years or less, has been shown to be worse in those with P. aeruginosa in their oropharyngeal secretions (either alone or combined with Staphylococcus aureus), compared to thosewho have S. aureus alone, other organisms or normal flora. This was true both of chest radiograph score and estimated 10-year survival. A key determinate of the virulence of a bacterial pathogen in CF is its ability to evade host defences and antibiotic therapy, thus allowing chronic pulmonary infection to occur. This is frequently achieved through the formation of a biofilm (aggregates of bacteria, held together by extracellular polymers). The ability of P. aeruginosa to form a biofilm in the CF lung is well described. However, although S. aureus may form a biofilm on indwelling medical devices, S. aureus biofilms have not been described in the CF lung. Indeed S. aureus adherence to respiratory epithelial cells seems to be negligible, with the organism instead adhering to the secreted mucus layer. Thus, there is both microbiological and clinical evidence, for my contention that: ''. . .less S. aureus at the expense of more P. aeruginosa is not an acceptable exchange. . ..'' However, at present there is no evidence that CF clinicians are truly facedwith such a Faustian pact.


Mild reaction conditions are described for the preparation of a number of alkyl chlorides and 2-dialkyl(aryl)amino-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazines by dealkylation of quaternary triazinylammonium chlorides formed as reactive intermediates in reaction of tertiary amines with 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-l,3,5-triazine. The high selectivity of substitution was observed within the reactivity order of the alkyl groups: benzyl ∼ allyl > methyl > n-alkyl. Studies on dealkylation of S-(-)-dimethyl-(l-phenylethyl)amine to R-(+)-1-chloro-1-phenylethane revealed that reaction proceeded with an inversion of configuration on the carbon atom as may be expected for S N 2 type substitution. The scope of reaction was extended by exchange ofanion in quaternary triazinylammonium chlorides with I, SCN, C 6 H 5 O - CH 3 COO - followed by N-dealkylation step.


The introduction of a Scottish parliament was, in many regards, the most important constitutional change in the United Kingdom since the Anglo-Irish Act of 1921. Given the stewardship of Tony Blair, Scottish independence was always unlikely; however, are prospects for secession any different under new leadership? Under Gordon Brown, a Scotsman, the nationalist sentiment in Scotland is not likely to rise. However, given the new devolved parliament, the desire for Scottish independence may increase under a staunchly English or conservative leader possibly in the mould of David Cameron. This is all the more possible given a YouGov poll 1 in September which suggested that a majority of Scots backed independence over the status quo. While there is still a long way to go before Scottish secession, it is more plausible with a parliament. A referendum on independence is also possible citing the example of Quebec in Canada and would only require the Scottish National Party (SNP) to gain power in the Scottish parliament. A 50% plus one vote would then provide legal grounds to dissolve the 1707 Act of Union. If, in fact, the Scottish desire for independence is realized, does this change Blair's legacy? John Major once warned against devolution calling it, " the Trojan horse to independence ". An independent Scotland would allow Scots the opportunity for representation at the United Nations and the European Union. Until now, Scotland has only known representation on the world stage via football and rugby pitches. Will this change after Blair leaves Number 10 Downing Street?


Historically, new immigrants to the United States have learned to conform to the new society largely through their experiences in the American educational system. The Russian refugee families in one city illustrate how this group with political-refugee status learns coping strategies through support from community educational programs. Religious and social networks support their efforts to accommodate. New practices in new cultural settings are discussed in this article, as we observe Russian families realize some of their goals while they strive to make sense of obstacles to other aspirations.


Dictionary learning for sparse representation has been an active topic in the field of image processing. Most existing dictionary learning schemes focus on the representation ability of the learned dictionary. However, according to the theory of compressive sensing, the mutual incoherence of the dictionary is of crucial role in the sparse coding. Thus incoherent dictionary is desirable to improve the performance of sparse representation based image restoration. In this paper, we propose a new incoherent dictionary learning model that minimizes the representation error and the mutual incoherence by incorporating the constraint of mutual incoherence into the dictionary update model. The optimal incoherent dictionary is achieved by seeking an optimization solution. An efficient algorithm is developed to solve the optimization problem iteratively. Experimental results on image denoising demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves better recovery quality and converges faster than K-SVD while keeping lower computation complexity.


The duplex chat conversations commerce system, trader terminal monitors a message to the new incoming until time to send it from the time the trader start typing a new message. If the incoming messages has been detected, the transmission of the message is prohibited, traders are warning against the message to new incoming, at that time traders to check their messages, it can be re-sent or to change it . Messages are exchanged via the chat server to assign a unique reference number to each message. If the message received by the server is sent in response to earlier message, it performs a reference early message. Server is compared to the most recent reference to this reference, which was a log, reference is to notify the cross-Ober to the party, if not the same.


Romantown local education authority (LEA), like other authorities in England and Wales, is adopting a policy of 'inclusion' in providing education for young disabled people alongside non-disabled peers. Ostensibly, at least, this is a process of radical change towards institutions which are explicitly designed to cater for all, rather than the 'integration' or assimilation of disabled individuals into existing or adapted mainstream provision. We argue that a change of name is not necessarily a change of policy, and a move towards a more inclusive policy and provision has the rights of disabled people at heart, rather than 'the needs of children'.


A forensic light source is a crime scene investigator's and lab technician's tool for enhancing observation, photography and collection of evidence including latent fingerprints, body fluids, hair and fibers, bruises, bite marks, wound patterns, shoe and foot imprints, gun shot residues, drug traces, questioned documents, bone fragment detection, etc. It provides more sensitivity than traditional methods thus increasing the amount of evidence uncovered and the quality of the evidence photographed and collected.A forensic light source is made up of a powerful lamp such as xenon or metal halide bulbs, containing the ultra-violet, visible and infrared components of light. It then filters down the light into individual color bands (wavelengths) that enhance the visualization of evidence by light interaction techniques including fluorescence (evidence glows), absorption (evidence darkens), and oblique lighting (small particle evidence revealed). Latent Fingerprint Detection The primary application of a forensic light source is for enhancing the detection of latent fingerprints. The use of fluorescent enhancement processes that compliment a light source greatly increases the types of surfaces from which a latent fingerprint can be detected. Consider the difficulties of dusting and lifting a print off of the following surfaces: thin plastic bags, rigid duct tape, thin aluminum foil, heavily grained wood, concrete wall, brick, printed glossy magazine pages, paper products, etc. Using traditional methods, fingerprint evidence on these and other types of surfaces may go undetected or even dismissed because they could not be detected with enough detail. Forensic light source techniques have been successfully utilized for revealing latent prints on these and many other types of textured surfaces, backgrounds which mask ridge detail, fragile surfaces, and contaminated surfaces. Different color bands (wavelengths) are required for processing different types of surfaces making a forensic light source with tunable or multiple wavelengths a coveted tool for any crime scene investigator. In many cases the background surface will also glow under light source illumination. In these cases it is necessary to tune to a wavelength of light that causes the print to glow and not the background. The quality and quantity of evidence revealed is proportional to the output power and the extent of color tunability of the light source. This ability is exclusive to a forensic light source. UV lights or Blue lights cannot offer this selectivity due to their limited number of wavelengths and low power output. • Fluorescent Powder Surface Treated in two steps with Cyanoacrylate Fuming (vapors react with the fingerprint residues to form a faint white polymer which can be penetrated by the subsequent fluorescent dye) followed with Basic-Yellow-40 fluorescent dye. Illumination at 455 nm and viewing with orange long pass (550 nm) camera filters. Photography is done by darkening the crime scene (Fig. 1).


This study aims to improve the functional strength (Strength – Power- Balance) using the Functional strength Exercises and knowledge and their impact on Snatch performance for lifters. Applied study on a sample of (12) weightlifters Registered Egyptian Federation of weightlifting/ Egypt of season 2016/2017, the researcher used an experimental method to design two groups, one Functional strength group consisted of (6) lifter and the other control group of (6) lifter. Where the mean age of (20.17 ± 3.97 years) and height (166.00 ± 3.29 cm), weight (79.08 ± 14.02 kg) and age training (8.83 ± 4.02 years) for the Functional strength group, while the Mean age (18.83 ± 2.14 years), height (165.83 ± 8.59 cm), weight (69.07 ± 5.91 kg) and age training (6.33 ± 3.14 years) for the control group Methods. The Functional strength group underwent a functional strength Exercises while the control group underwent Traditional exercises. Functional strength Exercises Continued for 12 Weeks 3 times per week and the training session lasted 90-120 a minute.  The pre and post for the two control and Functional strength group a measured functional strength (Strength – Power- Balance) and snatch performance tests for the two groups. Statistical analysis of the experimental and control data SPSS was used to apply formulas statistical by calculating: Mean, Standard deviation, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon test. Results. The results showed the use of a functional strength Exercises resulted in an improvement statistically significant at a level of functional strength training and snatch performance for weightlifters. This study confirms that a functional strength (strength – Power- Balance) training improves snatch performance for lifters. Conclusions. The Weightlifting Federation and attention by coaches trained in the application of a functional strength training weightlifters programs given the positive impact on the lifters.


There is alarming increase in irrational Fixed dose combination drugs (FDCs) in recent years and pharmaceutical companies manufacturing these FDCs are luring physicians to prescribe by unethical means. Only a few drugs are lifesaving and essential, rests of the drugs are substitutes for each other. Some may be totally a dumping of drugs into patients without any clinical benefit. With the escalating cost of drugs, there is poor drug compliance, which further magnifies the problem, both for the prescriber as well the patient. Manufacturers of drugs having quickly tuned in to the potential golden egg are marketing fixed dose drug formulations for various diseases. It is high time that regulatory authorities, healthcare professionals, researchers and pharmaceutical companies have to join hands together to formulate guidelines for the FDCs to provide effective and safer drugs to the patients.


This study utilizes data from a number of sources to estimate how lawyers' starting salaries relate to their ability, the quality of law school they attended, and whether the law school was a private institution. Based upon this analysis, a benefit-cost analysis is conducted of the value of attending a high-quality private institution. Analyses are also done of how the financial attractiveness of law vis-a- vis other careers has changed in recent years and a conceptual framework discussed for law schools to use in allocating their financial aid resources.


The effects of the Ga content and the substitution of Al for Ga on the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) of antiperovskite GaCFe3 have been investigated systematically. Our results indicate the value of TCR and its temperature range can be tuned by altering chemical compositions. With decreasing the Ga content in Ga1−xCFe3 or increasing Al dopant in Ga1−yAlyCFe3, the sign of TCR changes from positive to negative and room-temperature zero TCR material can be achieved. Typically, the optimized TCR values are about −5.72 ppm/K(265–315 K) and −14.68 ppm/K(280–320 K) for Ga0.95CFe3 and Ga0.85Al0.15CFe3, respectively. The possible mechanisms for the observed low TCR are discussed.


A chessboard image can be used as a pattern for camera calibration and pose estimation. We propose an algorithm for the automatic detection of a chessboard using one circle as a probe. We first generate candidates using the Lucas-Kanade feature detector algorithm. Finally, we find control points on the chessboard using properties inherent on a chessboard pattern. We suggest that a distinct edge along the border line and black and white sequence on the chessboard can be used as constraints. A circle is used as a probe for checking those properties. We show that the proposed algorithm can be used successfully in camera calibration and pose estimation. Experimental results using images acquired under the variation of scale, pose, and illumination shows the robustness of proposed algorithm.


Risk analysis, as an important prerequisite of risk management, is critical to reducing occupational injuries and other related losses. However, suffering greatly from incomplete hazard identification and inaccurate probability analysis, risk analysis is considered the weakest link in risk management, which seriously affects risk evaluation and control in complex workplaces. To improve the performance of hazard identification and analysis, a data-driven risk analysis approach is established, which consists of an improved equivalent class transformation (Eclat) algorithm, a sliding window model, and a change pattern mining algorithm. Through this approach, a large number of historical hazard records are transformed into association rules composed of object keywords and deviation keywords, and information such as potential keyword combinations, conditional probabilities of potential deviations, and the change pattern of potential hazards can be extracted. The function of the approach is threefold. Firstly, the data-driven risk analysis process is designed to identify the association rules between different hazard keywords. Secondly, Eclat algorithm is optimized to calculate the frequency and probability of potential hazards, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of probability estimation. Thirdly, the change pattern is developed to analyse the hazard change trend to support the cause analysis. A practical application in a Chinese hazardous chemical manufacturer is presented. Case studies have shown that the efficiency of the improved algorithm is increased by 13.68%, and 59.66% of potential hazards can be identified in advance, and relevant information can be extracted to support risk analysis.


In order to study the relatine importance of chemical component index among tobacco quality evaluation,the paper evaluated the importance of chemical components according to the relationship between chemical components and sensory quality by grey superior analysis.The results indicated that a group of chemical component indexes had been found by grey superior analysis and tobacco chemistry analysis to have close connection with sensory quality.For the flue-cured tobacco of Chuanyu tobacco base from the main tobacco-growing areas in Huanghuai areas,the chosen tobacco quality evaluation indexes were the ratio of total sugar to protein,petroleum ether extract,chlorogenic acids,hexanoic acid and phenethanol,thus reducing the tobacco quality evaluation indexes to five from sixty-five.


With reference to polycrystal TiNi, a study is undertaken to see how mesoscopic substructures are formed at the various stages of loading. It is verified by experiment that the principle of similitude is obeyed in the sequential evolution of various shifts and the corresponding stages in stress-strain curves at the microscopic and mesoscopic scale levels where the motion of dislocations gives way to the motion of three-dimensional structural elements.


This paper analyzes the performance of spectrum sliced wavelength division multiplexing optical communication system with single mode fiber Kerr effects. At optical transmitter various modulation formats used and corresponding performance is observed in terms of Q-factor, BER and receiver sensitivity. Similarly, performance investigations are carried out by varying optical antenna aperture at transmitter/receiver and beam divergence of optical beam during transmitter to receiver. It has been observed that advanced modulation format DRZ results better Q-factor performance compare to RZ improvement 6 to 7 when transmitter/ receiver antenna aperture diameter increases 5 to 10 cm respectively. Similarly, receiver sensitivity improvements are shown -32 and -35 dBm while transmitter/ receiver antenna aperture diameter increases 5 to 10 cm respectively. Moreover, DRZ modulation format 4 to 6 Q factor improvement is observed compare to RZ while laser light beam divergence increases 0.25 to 1 mrad respectively.


Mass litigation and mass settlements are on the rise in Europe. In relation to the recognition and enforcement the academic debate so far has primarily focused on US class actions and settelements. This paper explores and evaluates the EU area of judicial cooperation in civil matters with a view to enforcement and collective redress, and particularly mass settlements. The question is whether, and to what extent, mass settlements are or should be enforceable within the EU. The discussion centres on the Dutch WCAM settlement as the most prominent example. Though this Dutch mass settlement mechanism has not yet resulted in numerous cases, it has involved a few prominent international cases (notably Shell and Converium) that have attracted attention worldwide.


This topological study aims to discover how the Greek god Pan came to emerge from the metaphorical graveyard of forgotten fantasies and into late Victorian fiction depicting contemporary scenes, and the reasons for his presence. The motif of 'Pan versus humanity' takes center stage and is followed through a series of representational texts from Arthur Machen's The Great God Pan from 1894, over E. F. Bensons "The Man Who Went Too Far" from 1904 and Algernon Blackwood's "The Touch of Pan" from 1917 to one of its final depictions in Stephen McKenna's novel The Oldest God from 1926. It is shown that as Pan came to represent the repressed as both biological and historical past, the specific meaning ascribed to the meeting with the god changed in relation to cultural and historical developments. With the appearance and disappearance of Pan the rise and fall of shared modern fantasies are revealed. From a bigger perspective, the analysis is an example of the usefulness of the topological method in illuminating cultural history through the rising and waning popularity of literary configurations.


Very low propagation losses in straight planar photonic crystal waveguides have previously been reported. A next natural step is to add functionality to the photonic crystal waveguides and create ultra compact optical components. We have designed and fabricated such structures in a silicon-on-insulator material. The photonic crystal is defined by holes with diameter 250 nm arranged in a triangular lattice having lattice constant 400 nm. Leaving out single rows of holes creates the planar photonic crystal waveguides. Different types of couplers and splitters, as well as 60, 90 and 120 degree bends have been realized. We have designed and fabricated components displaying more than 200 nm of useful bandwidth around 1550 nm. Design strategies to enhance the performance include systematic variation of design parameters using finite-difference time-domain simulations and inverse design methods such as topology optimization. We have also investigated a new device concept for coarse wavelength division de-multiplexing based on planar photonic crystal waveguides. The filtering of the wavelength channels has been realized by shifting the cut-off frequency of the fundamental photonic band gap mode in consecutive sections of the waveguide. Preliminary investigations show that this concept allows coarse de-multiplexing to take place, but that optimization is required in order to reduce cross talk between adjacent channels and to increase the overall transmission. In this work the design, fabrication and performance of these planar photonic crystal waveguide components are reviewed and discussed.


Emotion has inalienablerelationship with culture. Nowadays, there is an increasing tread in designersto integrate culture elements in product designs. Based on previous emotional design theory,we made a thorough analysis from three levels respectively: visceral level, behavior level and reflective level and tried to work out a culturaldesign method with the purpose of integrating culture withtechnologically industrial design. Subsequently, to validate this method, we developed an interactivelamp design with multi-sensor technology, which called "Lightceremony", inspired by a specialcultural element, tea ceremony.


Amorphous silica from sugarcane bagasse ash (Si-BA) was extracted and used as a support for iron (Fe). The FeSO4 was loaded onto the Si-BA by 3 different methods consisting of refluxing (RF), incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) and physical mixing (PM) methods. The prepared materials used as glyphosate adsorbents were Fe/Si-BA-RF, Fe/Si-BA-IWI and Fe/SI-BA-PM. All adsorbents were further studied by several techniques. There were X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), N2 adsorption-desorption, diffused reflected UV-Visible (DR-UV-Vis) techniques and pH Drift method. The Fe was highly dispersed onto the Si-BA with Fe loading of approximately 2.36-2.55%wt. The Fe/Si-BA-IWI and Fe/Si-BA-PM exhibited a large amount of FexOy oligomer and Fe2O3 species as compared to the Fe/Si-BA-RF. Then, the glyphosate adsorption kinetic was further studied over the Si-BA and all Fe loaded Si-BA. The adsorption kinetic of glyphosate could be described by pseudo-second order kinetic model for all adsorbents. Moreover, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to study the adsorption isotherms. All adsorbents were fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model. Based on the Freundlich isotherm, the relative adsorption capacity of the adsorbents could be determined from the Freundlich isotherm constant (KF). The Fe/Si-BA-IWI provided a higher KF value than Fe/Si-BA-PM, Fe/Si-BA-RF and Si-BA, respectively. As the results, the synthesis method of Fe loaded amorphous silica affected the glyphosate adsorption capacity. The highest capacity of Fe/Si-BA-IWI was attributed to its predominately observed FexOy oligomer and Fe2O3 species.


The article deals with the problem of improving the professional training of the future teachers of music by means ofintroducing elective courses. The research is dedicated to methodical aspects of experimenting work carried out hy the author of the publication.


The world's parrots have been the subject of many finemonographic works. One recalls Lear's (1832) grand, illustrated work; Finsch's (1867) monograph; and, more recently, Joseph Forshaw's superb works (Forshaw 1989, 2006) magnificently illustrated by William T. Cooper and Frank Knight. So, too, the parrots of Australia have been a focus of closer study through Forshaw's monographic lens and also illustrated by Cooper (Forshaw 2002). Neotropical parrots have been reviewed in various regional guides and reference books (e.g. Hilty 2003), and there is a monograph on Colombian parrots (Rodriguez-Maheca and Hernandez-Camacho 2002). Finally, the parrots of the African region are now the subject of this major new monograph by Professor Mike Perrin. Illustrated in abundance, the book is a synthesis of the steady stream of research that Professor Perrin has initiated and steered as it grew in the last 20 years. The book is data-rich but highly readable. This body of work is all the more notable because it has been built from a foundation of little more than scatted natural history notes and taxonomic work. The research reviewed in this book has also responded to the sometimes urgent conservation pressures being experienced by some African parrots. The book's geographical scope is the continent of Africa; Madagascar, and the Mascarene Islands (which comprise Mauritius, Reunion and Rodrigues); and the Seychelles and Comoro Islands. The living parrot fauna of this region comprises members of the genera Psittacus, Poicephalus, Agapornis, Coracopsis and Psittacula. The book includes several remarkable extinct species known from fragments of data such as museum specimens and writings of early European visitors: Mascarene Parrot (Mascarinus mascarinus),RodriguesParrot (Necropsittacus rodericanus),Broadbilled Parrot (Lophopsittacus mauritianus), Reunion Ring-necked Parakeet (Psittacula eques), Seychelles Parakeet (P. wardi), Newton's Parakeet (P. exsul), Thiriouxs's Grey Parrot (P. bensoni) and Reunion Grey Parrot (P. cf. bensoni). These species are mostly illustrated by a painting or photograph of a specimen, but a few such asP.exsulhaveneither. The book's many and diverse illustrations bring a uniqueness to avian monographs and must be lauded here. There are photographs of living individuals of every extant species but one, the NiamNiam Parrot (Poicephalus crassus), which is illustrated by photographs of specimens. This impressive array of photographs admirably illustrates the birds and their lives. The in-flight shot of a Ruppell's Parrot on the front cover is justifiably reproduced across two pages with no text mid-way through the book. Having no experience of African parrots in the wild, I feel that the photos have given me an advance insight into the birds' lives that richly compliments the same role performed by the text. Mostly, the photographs are by Cyril Laubscher. His tenacity, diligence and persistence can only be imagined. Several other photographers have contributed equally remarkable shots. Heinz Lambert is foremost among these. Further to the pictures, the book is illustrated throughout by tables and diagrams that have been meticulously and extensively redrawn from the primary research papers in which they appeared. An attractive signature colour scheme is used for them and they lend further a uniqueness and style to the book. Sadly, such generosity has not been extended to the reproduction of the few genetic and phylogenetic analyses that are available for the African and Mascarene parrots (Chapter 3). In comparison, Fig. 3.3 is an attractive illustration of a biogeographical hypothesis for Agapornis lovebirds. Finally concerning illustrations here, a later edition might include a muchneeded map of the region under study either on the endpapers or at the beginning. An introductory chapter reviews the basics of parrot biology and evolution and the group's diversity in theAfrican region. An element of taxonomic heterogeneity enters here because the omission of several species of Asian and Indian Psittacula is dictated by the geographical scope. Should a later edition expand to include all Psittacula? This may open the door to the complication of including other Asian genera such as Loriculus. Perhaps this is not such a bad idea anyway. A chapter follows on the conservation biology of the region's parrots. This introduces the reader to key research into the effects of deforestation, poaching and trade on the birds' persistence. This section summarises exemplary studies of several species such as Fischer's Lovebird (Agapornis fischeri). A brief chapter then reviews scant work on molecular systematics of the region's parrots. This highlights how much remains to be done, especially at the intraspecific level, by using recent methods for estimating diversity within as well as between species. The next several hundred pages comprisewhat tome is the book's heart and distinctiveness – a major synthesis of the work of Professor Perrin, his students and colleagues – into the behaviour, breeding biology, diet and trade in African parrots. One chapter reviews the excellent work on the Cape Parrot (Poicephalus robustus). The breadth and thoroughness of this research will likely stand as a landmark in parrot conservation biology. It ranges from addressing an initial need to clarify taxonomy, through to the detailed teasing apart of the bird's biology and interaction with environment and humans. Anyone interested in conservation biology of long-lived birds or of parrots in particular would do well to be familiar with the body of work reviewed here. Nearly 200 pages then give species-by-species accounts of the region's parrot fauna. A later edition would benefit from legends accompanying distribution maps. Maps for species having multiple subspecies show different colours for the different subspecies, but sadly no legend tells us which colour goes with which subspecies. The map for Meyer's Parrot (Poicephalus meyeri) is particularly bewildering. Further, the Congo African Grey and Timneh African Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus and P. timneh) have distributions illustrated with the same map. Professor Perrin and his productive group of researchers and colleagues have led the way in bringing solid science to the conservation and management of African and Mascarene parrots. It has been wonderful to watch this research appear in the literature as well as see Professor Perrin report his work at international meetings. Professor Perrin's vision and clear leadership has now


After studying the existing medical-oscillator without heating function,a forward pass heating oscillator is designed innovatively in it,in which the working principle of oscillating device with constant temperature is expounded,mechanical structure and control circuit of the device are designedie.the heating parts is directly connected to the fixed container plate.By heating,coordinating the thermostat circuit,functions such as heating,temperature controlling and time controlling are achieved.This invention solves the problems of existing heating oscillators such as expensive,complex in structure and poor heat transfer,saves manufacturing costs and ensures its better operating effect,which is issued with patent certificate for its practical value,and fill the blank of domestic market as well.


The film gives a detailed overview of the module describing and explaining the unique nature of the applied approach. There are 5 different topics: The past of social psychology and trends, The dynamics of social and societal relationships: competition and cooperation, Motivation in society: the psychology of societal processes, Political psychology and public thought, Applied social psychology: Evaluation of public policies and programs. Apart from introducing the different topics, short lectures are also presented to provide the interested audience with the opportunity to look into a real classrooom activity. The film also gives insight into the research options, directions cultivated within the module. Academic staff of the module: Gyorgy Hunyady, Mihaly Berkics, Gyorgy Fabri, Katalin Felvinczi, Marta Fulop, Anna Kende, Paszkal Kiss, module leader: Marta Fulop


Summary Creutzfeld-Jacob disease andGerstmann-Straussler syndrome are raredegenerative disorders ofthe nervous systemwhichhavebeengenetically linked totheprion protein (PrP) gene.ThePrPgene encodes a host glycoprotein ofunknownfunction andislocated on theshort arm ofchromosome 20,a region withfew knowngenesor anonymous markers. Thecomplete structureofthePrPgene inman hasnotbeendetermined despite considerable interest inits relationship tothese unusual disorders. Wehavedetermined that thehuman PrPgene hasthesame simple genomic structure seeninthehamster gene andconsists oftwo exons and a single intron. Incontrast tothehamster PrPgene thehumangene appears tohave a single majortranscriptional startsite. Theregion immediately 5'ofthetranscriptional startsite ofthehumanPrPgene demonstratestheGC-rich features commonly seeninhousekeeping genes.Curiously, thegenomic clone we have isolated contains a 24-bpdeletion that removes one offive octameric peptide repeatspredicted toforma B-pleated sheet inthis region ofthePrP.We havealso identified 5'ofthePrPgene an RFLPwhichhasa high degree ofheterozygosity andwhichshould serveas a useful marker forthepter-12 region ofhuman chromosome 20.


This article addresses the differing requirements of hot mix asphalt (HMA) at ports in comparison to normal roads. It begins with a discussion of the challenge of controlling rutting in the high-weight environment at ports and explains tolerance levels for high-quality aggregate, binders, and antistripers. Next the article looks at port preferences of HMA at ports, using the Port of New York/New Jersey (PANYNJ) as an example. The article details expected lifespans of asphalt and how overuse at ports makes that number come up short, as well as ways to mitigate rapid degradation. The precise measurements for stone bases and pavement in the PANYNJ are discussed, as well as the special polymer-modified asphalt binders on the top layer to prevent cracking under heavy loads.


Determination of dynamic properties of structures is the first step in assessing seismic response, and they can be measured in several ways. Controlling or knowing the input excitation usually applied by impact hammer or vibration shaker, typical for experimental modal analysis (EMA) that has been around for the past few decades, is for majority of structures difficult or practically impossible. Ambient vibration testing (AVT) or operational modal analysis (OMA), on the other hand, is the output-only modal analysis. It does not require knowledge of the input excitation, which is practically induced by wind, traffic or similar random source. In this paper, an investigation of ambient vibrations and numerical modelling of the building of the Institute for Materials and Structures (IMK) of the Faculty of Civil Engineering in Sarajevo was carried out. The main goal was to determine the dynamic characteristics of the IMK building using the DIGITEX SENTRY system and Artemis modal software. In addition to testing the IMK building, testing of simpler systems such as a wooden simple beam and a steel cantilever was also conducted. For each experiment, a modal analysis was performed in the Tower 8 software package. The numerical model of the building was more flexible than measured in the experiments, and the results were only comparable after inclusion of partition walls in the analysis.


Introduction The Myers Lecture for 1987 is reported in The Psychologist of Decelnber 1988, by Patrick Rabbitt, in which the conclusion is drawn that a "gerontology which has nothing to say about what being old feels like, how elderly people see thell1selves in relation to the world, and how they attelnpt to understand their lives and to Inanage their interactions without elnbarrassnlent and pain will be a paltry, pseudo-acadenlic exercise" (p. 506). It will, Rabbitt continues, Iniss entirely how elderly people's social interactions Inaintain the everyday efficiency of their cognitive processes. Research in social psychology, the neurosciences, and cognitive psychology had failed to provide such essential knowledge, and gerontology was in sore need of all three disciplines. I anl to propose that it needs none of the three, and that already, in 1950, an opportunity was Inissed to develop gerontology on lines so egregiously lacking in these and other disciplines since then. It was a proposal originally published in nliIneographed fornl in Harold E. Jones (Ed.), Research on Aging: Proceedings of a Conference held on August 710/ 1950/ at the University of California/ Berkeley (Pacific Coast Conlnlittee on Old Age Research, Social Science Research Council). It involved Q-Inethodology, and I was its author (Stephenson 1950). Background


Starting with analyzing the law of thinking, the paper brings to light the nonsubjective details of logical rigidity and acting mechanism of its internaisation of theoretical mode, shows the subjective character and culture style of logical philosophy from one aspect.


The frame constructions of transport and technological machines perceive the static load and dynamic load as a result of hat in the process of exploitation cracks and other damages on certain areas are appeared. By the problem of establishment of elements of strengthening in dangerous areas, and also proceeding in descriptions of durability of such areas with the engendered cracks, there is a danger of damage of parent metal frames due to negative processes, which can take place during


In conventional isolated half-bridge dc-dc converters, the leakage-inductance-related losses degrade converter efficiency and limit the ability to increase the converters' switching frequencies. In this paper, a novel active-clamp snubber circuit for half-bridge dc-dc converters is proposed to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductance by transferring this energy to a capacitor with zero-voltage zero-current-switching switched auxiliary switches, such that body-diode conduction of primary-side main switches are prevented and primary side ringing are attenuated resulting in improved converter efficiency. Principles of operation and simulation analysis are presented and supported by experimental results that show significant improvement in efficiency.


Accepted: 25/02/2015 Abstract The objective of this work was to develop low fat f unctional nuggets by incorporation of carrageenan at different levels to enhance the functional properties of the chicken nuggets. The prepared chi cken meat nuggets underwent various tests (physico-chemical analysis, proximate analysis and sensory evaluation). Results indicated that the pH, cooking yield, emulsion stability and moisture content was significantly (P <0.05) higher in carrageenan treated chicken nuggets. The fat and cholesterol co ntent were significantly (P<0.05) lower in treated chicken nuggets. However, protein and ash content differed non-significantly (P>0.05) in between trea ments and control. The mean overall acceptability score was significantly (P<0.05) higher and score for appearance as well as flavor was non-significan tly (P>0.05) higher in 0.5% carrageenan added chicken nuggets. On the basis of sensory attributes and physicochemical properties, 0.5% carrageenan added treated chicken nuggets was selected for further study and during storage i t was observed that low fat chicken nuggets had lower TBA values and microbial count, while higher sensory scores than the control throughout the stud y.


We have obtained limited VLBI data on the quasars CTD20, OJ248, and 4C19.44 at 2.8 cm. CTD20 was also observed at 6 and 18 cm. All three sources contain multicomponent structure, and rather large fractions of the 2.8-cm flux densities arise in unresolved regions. All of the radio flux density of CTD20 originates in compact components. 4C19.44 is dominated at low frequencies by a steep-spectrum component which exceeds about 7 mas in size. Above 2 GHz the spectrum is flat and variable owing to several compact components. CTD20 and OJ248 belong to a sample of millimeter-excess quasars which were shown by Owen, Helfand, and Spangler to have highly predictable ratios of 90 GHz to 2-keV flux densities. A self-Compton explanation of this relationship is supported by the existence of unresolved radio components. However, the rapid 90-GHz variability of OJ248 and other quasars with strong millimeter emission should destroy the observed tight correlation except under special circumstances. A synchrotron origin of the radio-to-x-ray emission requires that any variations in the radio should be time delayed relative to the x ray.


Taking Dalian City as an example,this paper introduces DPSIR model by questionnaire.Then,the main situation of human settlement environment of community is studied.It shows that although Dalian is an outstanding city for its prominent human settlement environment,the satisfaction to it is just at the level of "common",resulted from the arrangement of index weight.Also the satisfaction to human settlement environment is deeply influenced by residents themselves,such as their income,education and so on,and that the community distribution with higher satisfaction to urban human settlements can be described as both the dispersed dots and the gathered belts.


1 Area Supervisor, South Carolina Vocational Rehabilitation Department, Greenville, S. C. 29601. We in vocational rehabilitation need to stop occasionally and examine our procedures with a critical eye. We get engrossed in the job at hand, and find it amazingly easy to neglect determining whether there might be a better way to accomplish a task, thereby improving our services to handicapped people. Recently, we decided to look at our amputee clinics in an attempt to evaluate two methods being used to fit recent lowerextremity amputees with prostheses. We had been following the conventional, medically recommended policy of seeing the amputee after the stump had healed and shrunk. At that time, the amputee was instructed in the proper method of wrapping the stump with elastic bandage to aid shrinkage, and the clinic chief determined when measurements for a prosthesis could be obtained. This seemed to be the way to prepare an amputee for an artificial limb. However, prosthetic clinic teams in other parts of the country began using a temporary pylon, or preparatory prosthesis, instead of wrapping with an elastic bandage, with good results. We felt the need to evaluate those two methods with the following questions in mind: What are the actual costs in each case? Which procedure permits the amputee to work sooner? From the medical viewpoint, does one method of fitting an amputee have advantages over the other?


The description of the complex of technical means of the automated system for controlling the technological process of thermal vortex enrichment was carried out as part of the project to create a comprehensive resource-saving technology and the organization of high-tech production of carbon and silicon dioxide nanostructures to improve the properties of building and structural materials. The description of the complex of technical means was made taking into account the justification for choosing the structure of the complex of technical means, the description of its functioning, the main decisions on the placement of technical means, the rationale for the application and technical requirements for equipment, as well as the justification of methods for protecting technical means. Computer equipment and data transmission equipment were selected. The described set of technical means is necessary and sufficient to achieve the goal of creating an automated control system for the technological process of thermal vortex enrichment, namely, to carry out continuous technological control of the equipment and process parameters of the automated process control system of the thermal vortex enrichment technological process; process safety in the production of MD1; collection of data on technological processes and equipment operation, their processing, display and documentation; optimization of the technological process through the use of advanced visualization tools, modern management algorithms and analysis of accumulated technological information; minimize the impact of human factors on the processes of collecting and processing information about the technological process; automatic prevention of the development of emergency situations.


The aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrochemistry of the western part of Huwaiza Marsh, in Maissan Governorate; southern Iraq. This study was conducted during April to August 2013, where 13 stations have been selected: four stations represent the feed water and nine stations located in the western part of Huwaiza Marsh. The total dissolved solids (TDS) range from (1175 to 1387) mg/L and from (1594 to 2481) mg/L for the feed water and Huwaiza Marsh water, respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) values for the feed water and Huwaiza Marsh range from (1782 to 2400) μs/cm for the former and from (2630 to 3517) μs/cm for the later. The pH values range from (7.7 to 8.2) for the feed water and from (7.4 to 7.5) for the Huwaiza Marsh water. The results of chemicals analysis of dissolved cations and anions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3- and NO3-) showed different values, and the concentration is decreasing during winter season, because of the high water levels, and increasing during the summer season due to low water levels. The marsh water is unsuitable for human drinking, because most of the variable's rates exceeded the permissible limits and they are acceptable grade for livestock and poultry.


As Chou et al have elegantly shown in this issue of Blood , 1 RH genetic diversity in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is prevalent, and matching of donor and recipient red blood cell (RBC) antigens at the molecular level for transfusion is feasible. The Rh blood group system is highly complex, with many antigens defined at the serologic level encoded by the RHD and RHCE genes. Genetic exchange between RHD and RHCE is especially common in individuals of African descent, including those with SCD. In fact, ∼90% of studied patients with SCD have at least 1 RH allele that differs from those found in individuals of European descent. 2 Because most blood donors in the United States are not of African descent, each RBC transfusion thus exposes recipients with SCD to many "nonself" blood group antigens.


Circular RNAs (circRNAs) dysregulation has been revealed to function in the pathological processes of cancers. Herein, the role and mechanisms of hsa_circ_0002082 in breast cancer (BC) progression were elucidated.


ABSTRACT Diversification through agroecological principles may maintain and stabilize yields in an increasingly more unpredictable climate, including market price fluctuations, as well as preserve and enhance the threatened natural resource base and the environment. Based on a participatory interview process this article identifies the barriers encountered by a group of Danish biodynamic farmers striving for self-sufficient farm systems with no or very little dependency on imported materials by developing biologically, economically and socially diverse farms. Through an iterative interview process the study found that barriers outside farm management are hindering the transition toward diverse farming and that a further exploration of the need for and implications of food sovereignty in the Global North might generate the discussions needed to support implementation of more agroecological farming system practises.


Shimizu and Takahashi have shown that every decreasing sequence of nonempty, bounded, closed, convex subsets of a complete, uniformly Takahashi convex metric space has nonempty intersection. It is well known that the Menger convexity is a generalization of the Takahashi convexity. In this article, we acquire a nonempty intersection property, in terms of the Hausdorff metric, for Menger convex metric spaces, that also provides a class of reflexive Menger convex spaces. We apply this result to discuss the fixed point results for generalized hybrid mappings defined on Menger convex spaces.


The soil planning needs to be oriented based on the soil mapping of interest area. For the delineation of soil mapping units (SMU) we carried out a Physiogra...


Ventral hernias can be categorised as spontaneous or acquired or by their location on the abdominal wall. Hernias occurring between the xiphoid process upto the umbilicus are called as epigastric hernias. Hernias occurring at the umbilicus are called as umbilical hernias. In adults, the defect in the median raphe is immediately adjacent to (most often above) the true umbilicus, although at operation this is indistinguishable, termed as para umbilical hernia. 2 Acquired hernias typically occur after surgical incisions and are therefore termed incisional hernias. Other unusual hernias present are spigelian hernia, lumbar hernia. 3


E-commerce has developed rapidly, and product promotion refers to how e-commerce promotes consumers' consumption activities. The demand and computational complexity in the decision-making process are urgent problems to be solved to optimize dynamic pricing decisions of the e-commerce product lines. Therefore, a Q-learning algorithm model based on the neural network is proposed on the premise of multimodal emotion information recognition and analysis, and the dynamic pricing problem of the product line is studied. The results show that a multi-modal fusion model is established through the multi-modal fusion of speech emotion recognition and image emotion recognition to classify consumers' emotions. Then, they are used as auxiliary materials for understanding and analyzing the market demand. The long short-term memory (LSTM) classifier performs excellent image feature extraction. The accuracy rate is 3.92%-6.74% higher than that of other similar classifiers, and the accuracy rate of the image single-feature optimal model is 9.32% higher than that of the speech single-feature model.


# 2007 International Union of Crystallography All rights reserved Crystals of the title compound, C14H10INO2, whose asymmetric unit contains three independent molecules, are stabilized by three N—H O, three C—H O and one N— H I intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In the structure, the N—H O and C—H O hydrogen bond interactions generate an edge-fused R2 (11) ring motif which appears as a molecular ladder in the structure.


The major problem of this study is to elucidate Jane's sacrifice for love reflected in Jane Eyre Novel by Charlotte Bronte. The objectives of the study are; to analyze the structural elements of the novel and to analyze individual aspect of the novel based on individual psychological approach.
In conducting this study, the researcher uses qualitative research in which the data are based on primary data of the novel Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre itself. While secondary data are Charlotte Bronte biography, and other data which deal with the research.
In analyzing the data, she applies two approaches. Firstly structural approach is used to analyze the elements of the novel. It consists of characterization, setting, plot, point of view, theme and style. Secondly an individual psychological approach is used for analyzing the relationship between major principles of individual psychology and real type of Jane Eyre's personality. These approaches are applied in order to get the appropriate analysis and answer the problem. The writer finds that loving someone is always full of sacrifice


Background: Carcinoma of the breast is the most common non- skin malignancy in women. Prognosis and management of breast cancer are inuenced by variables such as stage, grade, hormone receptor status of oestrogen(ER), progesterone(PR) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2/neu) overexpression. Aim to correlate grade of tumour with HER2/neu receptor status of breast carcinoma. Methods: The present study has been conducted in Pathology department, MLB Medical College, Jhansi. The tissue material has been obtained from patients admitted in surgery department for breast conservation surgery or modied radical mastectomy and tissue blocks present in pathology department has been utilized. All samples were subjected for routine histological examination and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The patients were >20 years of age; 56% of tumours were right sided; 51% tumours were histopathologically grade 2 and 98% were invasive breast carcinoma. By immunohistochemistry, out of 45 cases, 19 was HER2/neu positive; Out of which the 6 cases (31.57%) with the score of 2+ (grade II), 9 cases (47.37%) with score 3+ (grade III) and 4 cases (21.06%) score of 0/1+ (negative) (grade I). Conclusions: Assessment of hormone receptors for clinical management of breast cancer patients is strongly advocated to provide prognostic information and best therapeutic options. A signicant correlation was observed between HER2/neu immunoreactivity and the histological grade of tumour.


The present invention generally relates to a membrane process to be driven in the osmotically, the present invention relates to osmotic induction and induction solution solute recovery techniques for the membrane treatment which is driven.


'Varsity Expects to Send Ten Men to Atlanta to Compete for the Southern Cha m  pionship. GUS BARTON WAS SELECTED wain, blit to ad,I no less the f<H»t'«»"• _ T i l , r e is nuthin^r |jke "■ack ail,I field work lo develop that co-ordination o f nerves and nu,soles m a n y MHN A R E IN T R A IN IN G , SC,t' m i'"' '*>"*11 player U l « * . U I I U f o r av<' c a l>ta'" Marshall's marC h o s e n , d o . t e a m . 'd o n s improvement during the seaF I N A L ^ / w f N T O F t HE *•» just Closed affords an exampfc I T U ^ S H A Y ^ ' " hat a season of training for th/* track team can do i" the w ay o f deRc" U,ar of th. University of 'e loping a football j,laver. I Tex*s Students Association Was A large number o f th,. fcH>thall ̂ '"t th* Auditori«ni warriors have recognized tins. and I Wcek u 'Th Ia i . i i ' ... " —


The debris thickness mapping effort on a global scale is a commendable and important area of research that will help understand the debris' influence on glacier melt in response future climate projections. There are many interesting aspects of this paper and one important contribution is determining the areal extent of debris cover through-out the world. This in itself is important. However, I believe the thermal resistance estimates need to be treated with tremendous caution as they appear to be orders of magnitude smaller than those that one would expect. This severe underestimation is likely due to the methodology used in this study, which will be discussed in more detail below.


A processes-based shoreline change model is applied to simulate historical shoreline behaviour and predict future change along a 40-km stretch of coast in the US Pacific Northwest. The sensitivity of the modeled shoreline change to different schematizations of the wave climatology is examined. The modeling results are most sensitive to directional changes in the incident waves as well as to the anomalous wave climatology associated with the 1997-1998 El Nifio. The sensitivity of shoreline change to a future climatology based on a trend of increasing significant wave height and peak period, was minimal. The impact of the 1997-1998 El Nifio was compared to 1999-2000, a more typical wave year, suggesting that on annual time-scales cross-shore transport processes dominate over alongshore processes. INTRODUCTION Following the construction of jetties at the Columbia River entrance in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the morphology of the Columbia River entrance and adjacent coasts has undergone significant change (Gelfenbaum et al, , 1999, Kaminsky et al. , 1999, and Kaminsky e t al, , 2001). As a result of this redistribution of sand, the Long Beach Peninsula, a 44-krn long barrier beach north of the Columbia River entrance (Figure 1), has accreted significantly during the last century, O(I0 m/yr). This trend of accretion has slowed in recent decades, and future erosion along southern Long Beach is now a possibility. Predicting shoreline change is a principal component of the Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Study (SWCES), a goal of which is to understand the decadalscale coastal behaviour of the Columbia River Littoral Cell (CRLC). The one-line shoreline change model UNIBEST (WLIDelft Hydraulics, 1994) is being applied to simulate and understand historical (1955-1995) and to predict future (1995-2020) shoreline behaviour along the coast of Long Beach. 1) Washington Department of Ecology, Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program, P.O. Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 USA, mbui461 @ecy.wa.gov


Magnetic stimulation of cervical nerve roots is a promising new technique, limited in part by uncertainty about the site of nerve depolarization. We used a modified "butterfly" stimulus coil with an easily defined excitation field to activate the C‐8/T‐1 nerve roots, recording over abductor digiti minimi. Locating both the lowest threshold for stimulation and the points of maximum stimulation, we determined the optimum rostral‐caudal position and orientation for the stimulus coil over the posterior neck and upper trunk. The most favorable positions corresponded to the C‐8/T‐1 neural foramina, and the most favorable orientations to the roots within them. Additional measurements of depth and electric field suggested that the stimuli used should have been insufficient to activate nervous tissue in a homogeneous medium. A simple model indicates that the induced current is intensified where it passes through a bony foramen and explains preferential excitation of the nerve root at this site. NEUROLOGY 1991;41:677‐680


Introduction: MVC accident is one of the major cause of mortality and morbidity in children. In 2010, road traffic accidents were the major cause of 228 deaths and 568 major injuries in Qatar.(4). Children in cars who are not restrained, have a great risk of being injured. Our aim from this study is to check parents' awareness of the important of using child restrain (car seat) and reasons behind preventing them from not using it. Objectives: Check parents' awareness of using car seat in Qatar. And do they know related information about installing car seat in their car and how to use it? Methods: A prospective cross sectional qualitative survey study was conducted at PEC Alsadd of Hamad Medical Corporation from (May 1st 2015 to October 31st 2015). A total number of 212 sample questionnaires were filled by parents whom visited PEC because of their children illness. All have been given survey questionnaire to fill while they are in waiting area. Then research assistants collect filled questionnaires. Result...