The platform is emerging as a key organizational form and operational logic of contemporary capitalism, intimately tied to financialization and assetization. However, discussions to date have focused on platforms and platformization in the context of the private, corporate, and technology sectors. In this paper, we develop an analysis of how platformization operates in the context of public policy. Using the UK's National Health Service as a case study, we explore how platformization is altering the form and function of the state. The platformization of the NHS has its roots in the UK government's strategic interest in the development of the bioeconomy. This led to the creation of a research infrastructure within the health service. Subsequently, the NHS has leveraged various assets into a range of data- and technology-focused initiatives. We argue that platformization has been a major form of neoliberalization within the NHS. The paper concludes with a discussion of what an analysis of public platformization can teach us about ongoing transformations of the state.


We have investigated the magnetic and optical properties of dislocation-free vertical GaN nanorods with diameters of 150nm grown on (111) Si substrates by radio-frequency plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy followed by Mn ion implantation and annealing. The GaN nanorods are fully relaxed and have a very good crystal quality characterized by extremely strong and narrow photoluminescence excitonic lines near 3.47 eV. For GaMnN nanorods, it can be concluded that the ferromagnetic property of GaMnN nanorod with a Curie temperature over 300 K is associated with the formation of Mn4Si7 magnetic phase which results from the effects of magnetic and structural disorder introduced by a random incorporation and inhomogeneous distribution of Mn atoms in the porous layer between the nanorods that form precipitates in the Si substrate before or during the annealing step amongst the GaN nanorods.


With the changes of gas pressure during the gas drainage process,the dynamic evolution of seam permeability occurs. The dynamic evolution of coal permeability was the result of interaction of matrix contraction and effective stress. In the paper,the change relationship of coal seam permeability during the gas desorption,diffusion and percolation process was theoretically deduced based on the fractured plate model. A dynamic evolution model on permeability was established based on surface chemistry theory and effective stress principle. The model was validated according to the measured parameters in coal mines. The results show that the relationship between permeability and gas pressure is asymmetric U-shaped variation law. It closely matches the experimental results in the laboratory. Therefore,the correctness of this model is verified.


— This report is based on a numerical analysis of a three-dimensional analysis of diamond-hole cooling channels in laminar forced convection of a solid body experiencing heat on one side. A diamond hole configuration was studied with different aspect ratios that give a minimum peak temperature at every point in the structure. The solid body volume is fixed and the channel aspect ratio is allowed to change in this direction. The solid body experiences heat flux ( ) on one side and the coolant is allowed to enter into the channels from the opposite side at a given Reynolds number ( ) such that 100 ≤  ≤ 500, and channel aspect ratio ( ) from 1 to 4. The results show that as the and  increase, the maximum temperature and thermal resistance ( ) decrease while the Nusselt number increases. Also, the  and increase, friction factor decreases and increases, respectively. Comparatively, for a given range of 100 ≤  ≤ 500, and channel aspect ratio ( ) from 1 to 4, about 4%-12% and 37%-44% reduction in the maximum wall temperature and thermal resistance respectively, were reported, while about 55.6%-75% and 50%-68% improvement in Nusselt number and pumping power respectively, were observed. The results establish that heat transfer is improved in the diamond hole channel at various Re and AR. Also, the results reveal that the Colburn j-factor decreases when  rises and the aspect ratio decreases due to the heat transfer characteristic increases. Again, pumping power increase rapidly as  and  increase, which causes a higher pressure drop across the channel and leads to higher energy consumption.


Cross-correlation transit-time measuring instrumentation is now inherently accurate to a few ppm depending upon the sensing technology, but when ultrasonic sensors are used to measure fluid flow the accuracy is determined mainly by the fluid properties and flow profile. This paper describes the operation of the ultrasonic cross-correlation flowmeter and its performance in different applications.


The article presents materials on the development of risk-based design methodology as a new stage in the development of the system of design, manufacture, operation, maintenance, repair and disposal of equipment for effective and efficient competitiveness in the global engineering industry. It is shown that traditional design is no longer adequate to global planetary changes accompanied by a reduction in resources, design deadlines, entering the market in a competitive environment and a conflicting global division of labor. It is noted that at present, machinery and technology have become much more complicated, including inconnection with embedded software. Attention is focused on the fact that forecasting and evaluation of behavior, reliability and management of compliance with the requirements of sociotechnical systems in connection with the nonlinear processes of functioning of human-machine systems and degradation for both regular and non-standard conditions require innovative methods and tools. Attention is drawn to the fact that the creation of technology is accompanied by an increase in interrelated man-made, natural and social risks, the primary sources of which are inadequate information both when creating and using technology. For a wide practical application of risk-oriented design, a methodology, methods for risk management at the stages of the life cycle of equipment, state standards are suggested, as well as ways to identify the significance of damages in existing forms of design, technological, and other documentation for products and manufacturing processes, as well as in new types of documents, for example, in terms of risk management. It is noted that further work is currently being planned for the widespread introduction of a risk-based approach in mechanical engineering and related industries of both individual countries and unions to ensure the effective competitiveness of supply chains.


Objective: To investigate the possible association between polymorphisms [the −2510A/G promoter polymorphism (rs1024611) and the Cys35Cys coding polymorphism (rs4586) in exon 2] of the chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) gene and knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a Korean population. Methods: DNA was obtained from 153 Korean primary knee OA patients and 270 healthy controls. CCL2 genomic variants (−2510A/G and Cys35Cys polymorphisms) were detected by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). In additional, the effect of −2510A/G on CCL2 transcription was examined, using a luciferase reporter gene construct transfected into HMC‐1 cells. Results: The −2510A/G promoter polymorphism was associated with OA [genotype frequency, p = 0.041; allele frequency, p = 0.017, odds ratio (OR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.96]. Significant association was observed between the G carrier of the −2510A/G promoter polymorphism and primary knee OA patients (p = 0.021, OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.12–4.52). The G carrier of the −2510A/G promoter polymorphism was also associated with both clinically subtyped OA patients (OA patients with functionally poor index and radiographically severe OA patients). However, no significant difference was found in the Cys35Cys polymorphism. Haplotype frequency analysis revealed a significant difference (χ2 = 8.98, p = 0.030). The CCL2 serum level of subjects with the G carrier (290.0±87.5 pg/mL) of the −2510A/G promoter polymorphism was statistically higher than that of subjects with the non‐G carrier (161.5±48.3 pg/mL). The luciferase activity was significantly greater from interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced cells transfected with constructs containing G at position −2510. Conclusions: The G carrier of the −2510A/G promoter polymorphism was found to be associated with primary knee OA, and could be a susceptibility factor in the development of primary knee OA in the Korean population.


A microcap wafer-level package is provided in which a micro device is connected to bonding pads on a base wafer. A peripheral pad on the base wafer encompasses the bonding pads and the micro device. A cap wafer has gaskets formed thereon using a thick photoresist semiconductor photolithographic process. Bonding pad gaskets match the perimeters of the bonding pads and a peripheral pad gasket matches the peripheral pad on the base wafer. Wells are located inside the perimeters of the bond pad gaskets and are formed to a predetermined depth in the cap wafer. The cap wafer is then placed over the base wafer to cold weld bond the gaskets to the pads and form a hermetically sealed volume between the bonding pad gaskets and the peripheral pad gasket. The cap wafer is then thinned below the predetermined depth until the wells become through holes that provide access to the bonding pads inside the package, but outside the hermetically sealed volume, for connecting wires from a micro device utilizing system.


Machine learning (ML) approaches are attracting wide interest in the chemical physics community since a trained ML system can predict numerical properties of various molecular systems with a small computational cost. In this work, we analyze the applicability of deep, sequential, and fully connected neural networks (NNs) to predict the excitation decay kinetics of a simple two-dimensional lattice model, which can be adapted to describe numerous real-life systems, such as aggregates of photosynthetic molecular complexes. After choosing a suitable loss function for NN training, we have achieved excellent accuracy for a direct problem—predictions of lattice excitation decay kinetics from the model parameter values. For an inverse problem—prediction of the model parameter values from the kinetics—we found that even though the kinetics obtained from estimated values differ from the actual ones, the values themselves are predicted with a reasonable accuracy. Finally, we discuss possibilities for applications of NNs for solving global optimization problems that are related to the need to fit experimental data using similar models.


We report on spontaneous formation of nanoscale surface domains obtained in lithium niobate substrates by electric field discharge poling. A constant high voltage was applied at room temperature to virgin and unpatterned crystals in air, by using metal tip-shaped electrodes. An enhancement of the electric field in correspondence of the electrode tips was expected due to the fringing field effect, and electric discharge was observed during the process. The standard wet etching in hydrofluoric acid solution revealed the formation of nanoscale domain structures that exhibit filamentous self-organized geometries. Topographic measurements of the fabricated structures were performed by an atomic force microscope, and the corresponding results are presented and discussed. The investigation provides remarkable information about the shortest domain size possibly obtainable by electric field poling.


The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a solar cell having a porous structure, on a silicon substrate of a first impurity region, the surface has a plurality of holes are formed porous structure, the first impurity and the phase a solar cell including a semiconductor layer doped with a second impurity region of different, in particular, a silicon substrate of said first impurity region, a high concentration first impurity between the semiconductor layer of the second impurity region encompasses semiconductor layer of the first impurity doped Furthermore, a solar cell capable of further forming the passivation layer or anti-reflection film of the silicon substrate is passivated on the surface of the porous structure.


The paper proposes an analysis of the contrasted reception of the Corporation of the poets and acmeism by readers and literary circles of the beginning of the 20th century. The author used discussions in the press, critical notes, correspondence and fragments from the memories of artists and critics of this time. The contemporaries' debate makes it possible to determine the place of acmeism in literary history at the time of its birth.


We describe a mathematical algorithm to obtain an image of a two‐dimensional current distribution from measurements of its magnetic field. The spatial resolution of this image is determined by the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the magnetometer data and the distance between the magnetometer and the plane of the current distribution. In many cases, the quality of the image can be improved more by decreasing the current‐to‐magnetometer distance than by decreasing the noise in the magnetometer.


This article describes a five-step model for successful, positive communication in relationships that have been defined as difficult by the client(s). The five steps are: 1) the ten-minute practice...


One of the most promising areas of education is the development of computer-based teaching
materials, especially interactive multimedia programs. Interactive multimedia allows
independent and interactive learning, and yet presents the learning information to the learners in
newly engaging and meaningful ways. 'MyLexic' is the first learning tool to nurture interest on
Malay language basic reading among preschool dyslexic children in Malaysia. The theoretical
framework proposed in the study is based on research in dyslexia theory with Dual Coding
Theory and Scaffolding instructional technique. The courseware is hoped to contribute a
significant idea to the development of technology in Malay language education for dyslexics in
Malaysia. The paper covers design and development aspects of the courseware; this include a
clear presentation of materials, good navigational assistance and how a variety of multimedia
options to tap into visual and verbal form to support dyslexics. Demonstration of the courseware
is also presented.


Abstract Ab initio and semi-empirical calculations on a supramolecular structure consisting of the electron acceptor molecule bianthrone covalently linked to the electron donor molecule 2,3-dimethyl-6-alkyl-l,4-dithiafulven are prensented. The molecule may act as a molecular switch and calculations show that a charge transfer state is involved in the initial stage of the switch process. The charge recombination process is calculated to occur early in the switching process. Experimental data supports this interpretation and calculations are used as a guideline for synthetic strategies leading to molecules with improved switching properties.


We have constructed an integrated SPM and an xy-position interferometer to properly control the dimensions of the lithography patterns. The tracking error of xy-dimensional positioning system is about 2 nm accuracy and the positioning resolution could reach 0.1 nm. The scanning probe microscope (SPM) oxidation and anisotropic tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) etching were used to produce smooth and uniform nanopatterns on silicon substrates. The combination of SPM oxidation and real time position control is a promising approach to accurately produce prototyping of functional nano-devices.


Nowadays more and more full-time department directors have been serving as Communist Party branch secretaries.Our hospital's Communist Party Committee improved the work of the Branches with printed manual about the work of the Branch,strengthened assessment system,activity platform and competitions for the Branches.


This End of Degree Project has been done in the company Volkswagen Navarra, S.A. in the Department of Painting. Thanks to the instruction received both in the preparation and painting of the bodywork processes and the facilities and parts that form them, an energy study has been done focusing in the consumption of gas and electricity in the Painting facilities in order to be used in future energy audits. After analyzing the abovementioned consumptions, the processes with a greater saving potential have been identified as well as which facility would be the most suitable for the purpose of implementing a consumption reduction measure. Supported by the internal measures proposed by the Volkswagen group, three alternatives have been selected (one already implemented and two other chosen for their study and valuation) in order to calculate in more detail the energetic and economic savings that they would generate.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a cultural practice whereby there is partial or total removal of external female genitalia for non-therapeutic reasons. Despi...


THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE OF THE STUDY The understanding of statistical variation is a core idea for describing and assessing statistical literacy (Watson & Callingham, 2003; Kuntze, Lindmeier & Reiss, 2008). In these studies, dealing with variation has been in the focus of the development of competency models, which were evaluated successfully showing the one-dimensionality of the underlying competency constructs (Rasch model). The corresponding empirical studies were based on test instruments developed according to the competency models. However, beyond pure abilities of dealing with statistical variation, there is probably a backing of these abilities in individual views/convictions about the roles of randomness and determinism. For example, Engel and Sedlmeier (2005) found that learners often hold strong determinist views that might constrict the development of a sufficient understanding of chance variability. These learners favoured regular, determinist patterns in distributions instead of more probable, less regular outcomes. If learners endorse such determinist views, it is very probable that they encounter difficulties when they have to construct mental models linked with statistical variation. Hence, views about chance variability should be considered as a potentially crucial influencing factor on statistical literacy. However, in many studies, views related to chance variability were examined based on mainly one task, in which learners were asked to draw a typical distribution of raindrops on a roof in the form of 16 squares. Consequently, there is a need of broadening the empirical base when examining views related to chance variability. Responding to this research need, the present study aims to investigate views related to chance variability of learners of different age groups and to evaluate a corresponding questionnaire instrument.


Ancient scholarship records the names of three Republican dramatists, Titinius, Afranius and Atta, who wrote fabulae togatae, a genre of comedy similar in its domestic focus to the more popular and better-known fabula palliata, but with the striking distinction that the togata was set in Rome and the Italian cities. While Titinius and, to a lesser extent, Atta were regularly quoted as authoritative sources for rare words and usages by grammarians and lexicographers, it was Afranius who gained the greatest renown and most enduring reputation of the three. Revival performances of plays by Afranius were known to audiences in the days of Cicero and Nero,1 but such occasions were exceptional. The overwhelming bulk of testimony regarding the genre originated with individuals who knew the plays as written texts rather than full-scale performances. Those readers extracted aphorisms and expressions from the scripts of the plays; divorced from their original dramatic context, those quotations were passed along for centuries by individuals who did not feel compelled to check the quotation against a complete text. 2 A few scholars did consult scripts of the plays for compilations of Republican words and usages.3 Outside of scholarly circles, however, Afranius and the other togata playwrights never retained much of a readership. 4 They were, for all but a handful of individuals, just names and isolated quotations. Even after direct knowledge of those scripts had become a rarity, however, Afranius' reputation endured among grammarians and other litterati, while that of Titinius and Atta languished.5


The article examines the code of painting and the media codes of other sign systems that are inseparable from it, forming a peculiar picture of the modern information world as a world of simulacra in M. Houellebecq's novel "La carte et le territoire" ("The Map and the Territory" in English translation). The purpose of the work is to reveal the role and functions of the painting code and related to it media codes of photography, video art, architecture, advertising, and the Internet in the author of "The Map and the Territory" narrative strategy, that permits to identify some general laws of, typical for postmodern art, intermedial thinking and to clarify the concept of intermediality itself. We have applied intertextual, intermedial, hermeneutic, historical and literary research methods to conduct the research. The simulation, real world depiction imitation, which is replaced in the novel by its numerous "copies of copies", begins with the first appellative structure of the text, the title itself – "The Map and the Territory". The title announces the principle of replacing reality (territory) with its conventional image (map), which makes an emphasis on the intermedial prism as a decisive idea of world reproduction in the novel. Painting, as one of the most expressive forms of world depiction, is presented in the novel as a product of the simulacra multiplication technology, which is the leading one for the modern information society, where secondary modeling systems occupy an increasingly significant place. Painting, as a kind of litmus test, allows Houellebecq to show how various media zones, that create a distorted picture of the real world, interact and influence a modern person. Painting as "The Map and the Territory" central hero's profession underpins the intermedial discourse of the novel, being in the focus of characters' philosophical discussions and revealing its dominant role in the plastic accuracy of Jed's paintings and photographs description. In the novel the literary text is consistently synchronized with the works of painters Koons and Hirst, whose images are depicted in the painting "Damien Hirst and Jeff Koons divide the art market" which opens "The Map and the Territory". There is a verification of the painting by a word and vice versa. Multimedia spaces are superimposed on each other, giving birth to an intermedial, whimsical image of the modern world, which is successively destroyed by man, giving it to secondary sign systems. The idea of the simulacrum as a marker of modern culture determines both the form and the content of Houellebecq's novel which carried out a "realist-postmodern synthesis" through an intermedial narrative strategy. Conclusion. The principle of simulacrum thinking, as a leading in modern art, was born by the world of simulacra in which modern man lives. The narrative strategy chosen by Houellebecq to demonstrate the secondary nature of modern ways of representing the world should prove to the reader, not only through the content but also through the intermedial narrative form itself, that it is necessary to wake up in order not to perish in the artificial world created by man as a "second nature": a culture that, thanks to technological progress, erases a person from the planet's map, leaving a free area covered with vegetation waves, where there are no people and cannot be. The pictorial code is dominant in Houellebecq's narrative, through the prism of which the real world is shown in the novel. It demonstrates the modeling principle toxicity in the artworks based not on a mimetic mechanism but on the technique of simulation, simulacrum.


This study aims at investigating the mediating role of sustainable dynamic capabilities in the effect of social customer relationship management on sustainable competitive advantage using data gathered from a convenience sample consisted of 243 managers of SMEs in Saudi Arabia via an electronic questionnaire. Using structural equation modeling by SmartPLS3.0, the study pointed out social customer relationship management is positively related to both sustainable competitive advantage and sustainable dynamic capabilities. The latter is positively associated to sustainable competitive advantage and hence, significantly mediated the effect of social customer relationship management on sustainable competitive advantage. The study contributes to the literature through filling a research gap as research on the relationship between s-CRM and dynamic capabilities in Saudi Arabia is still scarce, confirming the importance of social customer relationship management in sustaining both dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage. SMEs are required to invest in CRM and build sustainable resources and capabilities to elevate sustainable competitive advantage.


This paper takes up the notion of citizenship and ethnicity as forms of belonging in the context of globalisation. The discussion draws on a case study focusing on a Fulfuldephone servile group from Northern Benin called the Gando. Since pre-colonial times, their servile status ascribed by birth has been an argument for placing them at the margins of their society and excluding them from political participation. While still claiming their belonging to the nation-state of Benin and the Fulbe's culture, the Gando have progressively built a new social identity that is showing to be a new ethnic group. In the context of the decentralisation reform implemented in 2002–2003, the Gando have taken the opportunity to access local power; they conquered municipal power in the 2003 and 2008 local elections. In doing so they opened the gates to a full citizenship that in the context of today's Benin means a clientelistic citizenship. Contrary to recent literature focused on the simultaneous emergence of belonging dynamics and violent conflicts in the context of recent globalisation in developing countries, the author argues that belonging dynamics do not necessarily imply violent conflicts and exclusion dynamics.


In Europe, Jews formed a distinct community within a Gentile environment for a long time. This was to change as the importance of religion within society declined. Jews gained—at least formally—the opportunity to integrate into society at large. However, this did not mean that they lost their purported otherness. Instead of religion, somatic features came to serve as criteria of Jewish difference. It is a widely held belief that the shift from religion to physical signs as marks of Jewish distinctiveness took place in the last third of the nineteenth century and found its most explicit expression in the substitution of the hostility called anti-Judaism by antiSemitism. According to anti-Semitic teachings, the essence of Jewishness can be found in the body. It does not matter if a person maintains ties to the Jewish community, if one observes the Jewish religious laws, or if one converts to Christianity. The moment one is born, or even earlier, from the moment of conception, one is genetically determined to be Jewish. There is abundant evidence, however, that physical features played an important role in determining Jews well before the closing decades of the nineteenth century. The nose, for example, had served as a Jewish characteristic as early as the thirteenth century. The same holds true with respect to the so-called 'Jewish foot'. For a long time there was an intimate associative connection between the devil and the Jew. The former was portrayed as limping, having a cloven-foot and thus, as (being) diseased. Through analogy, the same traits were ascribed to Jews. The purpose of this article is to show that Jews were defined by physical characteristics well before the appearance of anti-Semitism. The onset lies with the beginning of physical anthropology in the eighteenth century. In contrast to—occasional—references to somatic features of the Jews in preceding periods, the eighteenth century did not only put forth a steady stream of literature on their alleged morphological peculiarities, but also tried to "prove" them "scientifically". Thus, anti-Semitic stereotypes do not necessarily stem from anti-Jewish attitudes. They can also be construed by—purportedly—"objective" science.


We investigated the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) related to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to assess the presentation and frequency of misrepresented research findings, also known as spin.


In the nonrelativistic and relativized Schrodinger equation, the Wick-ordering, method called oscillator representation (ORM) is proposed to calculate the energy spectrum for a wide class of potentials allowing the existence of a bound state. The ORM gives a unique, regular way to describe and calculate the energy levels of ground and orbital radial excitation states for a wide class of potentials. The results of the zeroth approximation OR are in close agreement with the exact values for the anharmonic potentials. The ORM was applied to the relativized Schrodinger equation as well. The perturbation series converges fairly fast, i.e., the highest perturbation corrections over the interaction Hamiltonian are small enough. 29 refs., 4 tabs.


—To insure the health of power transformers insulation, its heat distribution in different operating conditions must be determined. In extended thermal equivalent circuits (TECs), less attention ha...


Glasses prepared in the Na 2 O-M 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 systems (M=Ga, Fe) have been studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ga and Fe K-edges. When these atoms are found in 6-fold coordination, striking similarities are found between their XANES spectra and those of some crystalline diphosphates. From the simulation of the XANES spectrum of crystalline NaFeP 2 O 7 using the FEFF6 code, an ordering of the phosphorus atoms linked to the FeO 6 octahedra is evidenced in the glasses.


In this thesis, a new procedure is proposed which achieves the rapid induction of false recognition memory for rich pictorial stimuli. Chapter 2 presents the basic three-step procedure in which participants study some pictures, imagine others in response to words, and perform a picture recognition test. Imagining pictures leads to a false alarm rate of 27% above baseline (Experiments 1a and 1b). In Chapter 3, a source monitoring test is used to demonstrate that this effect is not solely due to diffuse familiarity (Experiment 2) and does not appear to be driven by perceptual processing (Experiment 3). Chapter 4 investigates whether imagination impairs discrimination between studied and new items presented side by side. On a two-alternative forced choice test, participants are less accurate in indicating the studied picture when it is paired with an imagined picture than when paired with a new picture (Experiment 4). The role of indirect tests in verbal false memory research and the value of applying them to pictorial stimuli is discussed in Chapter 5. An indirect perceptual identification test previously used for words is adapted to pictures and shown to be highly perceptually driven (Experiment 5). Chapter 6 presents consistent evidence for the lack of perceptual priming of imagined items in the current procedure despite high levels of false recognition (Experiments 6-7), again indicating that the effect is conceptually driven. Chapter 7 discusses how the new procedure presented in the thesis can further our understanding of the similarities and differences between true and false memories.


Objective To investigate the effect of panax notoginseng on experimental diabetic nephropathy(DN)and its mechanism to provide reference for the treatment of diabetes and its microcomplications. Methods Diabetes was induced by STZ in rats.They were treated with panax notoginseng preparations for 8weeks.After treatment,the effect of panax notoginseng preparations on functions and structures of kidney was observed,and the lipid and glucose levels in plasma,body weight,the 24hurinary protein excretion,and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)of diabetic rats were determined for analysis. Results With different doses of panax notoginseng,the glucose and triglycerides(TG)levels,urine volume,24hurinary protein excretion,and expression of VEGF of diabetic rats were all decreased(P0.05or P0.01),while the body weight and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were increased(P0.05or P0.01).The kidney structures and functions of diabetic rats were improved. Conclusion Panax notoginseng is effective for DN.The possible mechanism may be related to the correction of the related metabolic disorders and improvement of ischemic state of the renal tissues.


Objective To study the efficacy of 64-slice CT angiography for three-dimensional(3D) display of the placental vasculature.Methods Iodinated contrast medium mixed with 50% Eosin red dye or 10% Meilan blue dye was injected respectively into the umbilical arteries or veins of fresh placentas obtained from 15 singleton pregnancies..The 64-slice spiral CT images were reconstructed using the Vital Images' Vitrea Medical imaging software for 3D display of the placental vascular tree with chorionic arteries and veins in different densities or colors.Results CT angiography showed the chorionic arteries branching to the 5-6th orders and veins to the 4-5th orders.Conclusion The placental arteries and veins can be simultaneously demonstrated on CT angiography by injecting different concentrations of dye mixed with contrast agent into the umbilical arteries and veins.


A spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma of BALB/c mice was transduced with the murine interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-gamma genes. The ability of clones releasing IL-2, IL-4 or IFN-gamma to form tumors after s.c. challenge was compared to the TS/A parental cells (TS/A-pc) and to cells transduced with the neomycin resistance gene alone. Cytokine-gene-transduced clones activated a strong inflammatory reaction. The elicited by IL-2 and IL-4-gene-transduced cells efficiently led to tumor rejection. This reaction depended on the activation of several cell mechanisms, those classed as nonspecific being predominant. The repertoire of reactive leukocytes recruited in the reaction varies as a function of the secreted cytokine. The growth of a secondary contralateral TS/A-pc challenge after clone rejection was significantly impaired.


【Objective】 To investigate the effects of tissue inhibitor-3 of matrix metalloproteinases(TIMP-3) Gene-transfected vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) transplantation on heart function after acute myocardial infarction(AMI) in rats and to explore the potential mechanisms.【Methods】 Culture smooth muscle cells from tunica media of famale rat aorta by sticking little tissue clump.Wistar rats were produced AMI models by ligating the descending left coronary artery.Rats were survived and divided into 3 groups randomly(n =18): 0.5 mL DMEM containing 1×106 TIMP-3 gene transfected VSMCs(group TIMP-3),1×106 VSMCs(group VSMC) or 0.5 mL DMEM without cell(group DMEM) were injected into the ischemic myocardium immediately after 3 day AMI.Then,ischemic myocardium samples were harvested at 4 week after operation.The heart function was observed through the tissue functional examination.TIMP-3 and MMP-2 protein expression were detected through immunohistochemical method.The mRNA of TIMP-3 and matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2) were determined by RT-PCR.【Results】 TIMP-3 gene was transfected into VSMCs successfully.Four weed after operation in groups TIMP-3 the average percentage of LVIDd,LVIDs,EDV and ESV was significantly higher than groups normal(P 0.05),but was lower than groups VSMC and groups DMEM(P 0.01).The mRNA of TIMP-3 in ischemic myocardium was significantly higher in groups TIMP-3 than in groups VSMC and DMEM(P 0.01),the mRNA of MMP-2 in ischemic myocardium was significantly lower in groups TIMP-3 than in groups VSMC and DMEM(P 0.01).【Conclusion】 Implanted TIMP-3 gene transfected VSMCs in ischemc myocardium can conspicuously reduce the expression of MMP-2 and myocardium remodeling after AMI.Improve the heart function.


I read with interest the article by Wang and colleagues "Analyzing cost-effectiveness of neural-monitoring in recurrent laryngeal nerve recovery course in thyroid surgery", published in the International Journal of Surgery (1). The authors analyzed the cost-effectiveness of intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) in thyroidectomy using a Markov decision model. They concluded that IONM is cost-effective when the rates of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy reach 38.5% (1). This is almost impossible in a clinical setting, implying that IONM is not currently cost-effective.


The important rules about the Party political life such as "Regulations of the CPC","Rules of Supervision within the CPC (trial)"and "Rules of Disciplinary Punishment", are documents for all the Party members including the leaders of labour union to "talk study, talk politics and talk integrity". Therefore, we must conscientiously learn and practise them on order to forever retaining the advanced nature in organizations at all levels in labour union.


The fierce competition has imposed increasingly on the organizations the development of products of greater quality, in short time and with low costs. By directly influencing the development time, the Process Planning phase represents an opportunity for improvement, by impacting on the productive efficiency of the organization. Process Planning describes and details the sequence of manufacturing operations of a part or product. Even knowing the importance of this subject, there is the disinterest of students in lectures. With this, the objective of this work is to propose a theoretical model of project-based learning (PBL) for teaching the Planning of Machining Process through the Toyota Kata approach. In which a theoretical model for teaching was elaborated with 4 Phases, each one contains the elements that configure its delivery. To achieve each delivery, the students use a systematized routine with small experiments and reflections of the actions taken. The work contributed by providing a model of how to implement a PBL for the learning of Process Planning through small experiments, aiming to promote the students' learning and seeking the engagement of the same to the class.


Rice bran is a byproduct of rice milling process which contains significant amount of natural phytochemicals. The IR64 rice variety is a high-yielding, semi-dwarf and mostly grown variety in the tropics. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic and antioxidant potentials of IR64 rice bran. The sample was subjected to sequential extraction using hexane and ethanol. The concentrated extracts were diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The cytotoxic activity of hexane and ethanol extracts was analyzed using the Methyl Thiazol Tetrazollium (MTT) Assay for human lung and colon carcinomas. Both extracts were also analyzed by Cytotoxicity Assay using lymphocytes from normal blood. The antioxidant property was evaluated by free radical diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. The result of MTT Assay revealed that ethanol extract inhibit proliferation of human lung and colon carcinomas at 10181 µg/ml and 6650 µg/ml, respectively. The ethanol extract demonstrated 79.79% inhibition against DPPH. Based on the cytoxicity assay conducted, it shows that the sample is not toxic to normal cells (lymphocytes) having an average of only 14 cells died at a 193 cell population (7.25 per 100 cells) compared to the base cell medium as untreated control and 2.5% DMSO in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). No cytotoxicity and antioxidant potentials were exhibited by the hexane extract. It was concluded that IR64 rice bran ethanol extract is a potential source of bioactive compound/s against both human lung and colon carcinomas and a potential antioxidant against free radicals.


A new mixed method with Pade-type and Routh form is established to analyze and resolve the model reduction problems io linear interval systems. Four expressions of the mixed method are presented in this paper, which are based on combination of the Pade-type approximation, the α-β table and the γ-δ table. A numeral example is presented to illustrate efficiency of the mixed method. It is shown that two out of the four expressions are stable.


The article determines methodological conditions of realization of holistic approach in the education of schoolchildren in Western Siberia in the 1930s, such as: developing training and methodological support, combining forms and methods of organization of educational activities concerning educational management which activate schoolchildren's cognitive resources and power of apprehension. The author defines specific character of training and methodological support, forms and methods of organization of educational activities.


Clash of civilizations between Islam and the West is a reality that can not be avoided. For several centuries, the Islamic world has been experiencing pressure of Western imperialism which then causes deterioration in various fields. Islamic education is recognized by many Muslim scholars and thinkers as one of the best alternative to restore the glory of the Muslims. Besides functioning as a process to improve the quality of human life, Best practice of Islamic education will also prepare a new generation for better future. This study reveals the influence of modernist thought leaders in improving the system of Islamic education in Indonesia. By using a historical approach, the author attempts to analyze thought of modernist leaders as a critisism and improvement towards traditional Islamic systems which tends to be out of date. The advancement of technology should motivate Muslim awareness not fixated on the traditional education systems when returing to the comprehensive of Islamic concept, then there is no dichotomy between sciences and Islamic education systems. The objectives that need to be addressed in this study is the process of implementation of the thought modernist leaders when linked to the reality of Indonesian Muslim nowadays.


Background. An artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to predict breast cancer from mammographic findings. This network was evaluated in a retrospective study.


Marasoiu and Church [9] (hereafter M&C) highlight two critiques of current software. First, poverty of tools and media: "We need a computational ecosystem of tools containing the equivalent of brushes, markers, highlighters, spray paint, palette knives, not just pens and pencils; and computational materials that are not just paper and charcoal, but oil, acrylic and watercolour paints, stone and clay and metal. "Even the simple pencil feels different on gloss paper or cloth, whilst everything in a computer is smooth and textureless." Second, the tyranny of structure: "The structures fight back. Even transgression is hard. We prefer to think about programs rather than work with them because only in thought can we reconceptualise without being bogged down by someone else's structures." "In asking 'for whom do we write?', Videla wonderfully highlights these questions - that we currently engage in the pretence that we can have a discussion about the beautiful ideas of programming, by explaining them to each other in a conversation mediated by the mindless pedantry of compilers, IDEs, type checkers and linters. Surely, there must be a better way? (in [3]; cited in M&C)"


551 THE ROLE OF NON-IMMUNOLOGIC FACTORS IN ISLET GRAFT FAILURE. Maria Koulmanda, Andi Qipo, Rex N Smith, Hugh Auchincloss Jr, Terry B Strom. Department of Surgery, Islets Transplantation Research Lab, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Trasnplant Research Center and Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA. Using the Edmonton protocol 8090% of the islet grafts fail within 5 years of transplantation. Why? To determine the roles of islet cells preparation and the functioning beta mass we used non-human primate (NHP) models in which islet function was studied in the absence of an allogeneic immune response. Our goal was to begin to test the hypothesis that the islet isolation procedure disrupts the vascular and neural components of the islets, potentially affecting important functional interrelationships between islet cell subpopulations and their surrounding tissues. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that over time physiologic stimulation of an initially marginal b-cell mass may instigate self-perpetuating, progressive loss of bcells and metabolic deterioration in a partial pancreatectomized NHP model. We hypothesized that following subtotal pancreatectomy, a procedure that unlike islet cell transplantation does not disrupt the normal relationship between islet cells types, the remnant pancreas would still lose function over time. Methods: Cynomolgus monkeys were partially (75-80%) pancreatectomized and given streptozotocin. Two days later they received autologous islet transplants infused into the portal vein. The second group of NHPs were partially (75-80%) pancreatectomized (no islet transplantation) and followed with blood glucose weekly and IVGTT monthly. Results: Each of three autologous islet transplant recipients slowly and progressively lost graft function and became insulin dependent on 160, 195 and 210 days (mean of 185 day). Histological analysis showed reduced number of small and degranulated islets in the absence of inflammation. After 12 months of excellent graft, the partially pancreactomized, nontransplanted NHPs developed abnormal IVGTTs, which progressively worsened. Histological analysis of the remnant pancreases showed small burned out islets with all other endocrine cells present. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that 1) autoislet transplants loose function with time in cynomolgus monkeys in the absence of any immune response and 2) partially pancreatectomized monkeys also lose islet function due to marginal islet mass albeit more slowly than islet allografts recipients. Abstract# 552 DELETION OF CD8+ MEMORY T CELLS WITH HUMANIZED ANTICD8 mAb (cM-T807) FOR INDUCTION OF MIXED CHIMERISM AND SPECIFIC TOLERANCE OF PREVIOUSLY TRANSPLANTED RENAL ALLOGRAFTS. Ichiro Koyama, Takanori Ochiai, Svetlan Boskovic, Ognjenka Nadazdin, Nahel Elias, Rex-Neal Smith, Robert B Colvin, David H Sachs, A Benedict Cosimi, Tatsuo Kawai. Transplantation Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Transplant Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA. [Background] Heterologous immunologic memory has been considered a potent barrier to tolerance induction in primates. Attempts to induce tolerance at somepoint following transplantation would presumably be more difficult, because specific memory cells may be activated by the allograft. In the current studies, we attempted to induce tolerance of a previously transplanted kidney in nonhuman primates. [Methods] The conditioning regimen consisted of low dose total body irradiation, thymic irradiation, ATG and anti-CD154 antibody followed by a brief course of calcineurin inhibitor. In Group A, kidney transplant (KTx) and donor bone marrow transplant (DBMT) were simultaneously performed. In Group B, KTx was immediately followed by the initiation of the conditioning regimen and DBMT on day 7. In Group C, KTx was initially maintained with conventional immunosuppression for four months, followed by conditioning and DBMT. In Group D, humanized anti-CD8 mAb (cM-T807) was added to the Group C regimen. [Results] The conditioning regimen consistently induced mixed chimerism and long-term allograft survival (2498, 1995, 837, 755, 401, 373, 206, 58 days) in Group A. However, the same regimen failed to induce chimerism and long-term survival when DBMT was performed separately after KTx. (13, 15, 32, 78 days in Group B, 16, 64 days in Group C). Only one recipient in Group C developed limited chimerism but died on day 703 due to chronic rejection. Since we found that significant number of CD95+ memory T cells returned in the peripheral blood after day 5, we added cM-T807 to delete CD8+CD95+ memory T cells in Group D. 3/4 recipients developed mixed chimerism and survived long-term without rejection ( >1057, >686, 67 days). Another recipient in Group D developed reversible rejection before DBMT and failed to develop chimerism with humoral rejection on day 35.[Conclusion] The current studies provide "proof of principle" evidence that tolerance induction of even previously transplanted kidneys is possible, but requires deletion of CD8+ memory T cells.


Based on the analysis of cultivated land resources, distribution of moisture and nutrents and status quo of vegetation on slopeland , this paper pointed out that the adaptable plant varieties and schemes of vegetation construction on slopeland should be determined according to the bearing capacity of moisture and nutrients. Comprehensive measures of construction were suggested. The technological model of vegetation construction was put forward.


Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder that mainly affects those of middle to old age. It is progressive over many decades and is characterised by bradykinesia, resting tremor, stiffness, and postural instability. The bradykinesias are associated with initiation of movement—thus, Zimmer frames without wheels are harmful because they can interrupt the flow of motion. Tremor tends to be worse at rest, and initially unilateral; even when invisible it can often be detected on examination as cog wheeling (the combination of tremor and increased muscle tone). Levodopa therapy lengthens the life of people with the disorder. The effects of this treatment and the extended natural history of the disease (resulting from treatment of the underlying problem) cannot be distinguished precisely. However, with time, patients begin to have motor fluctuations between on and off states, and drugresistant periods become more frequent and longer. Dyskinesias, which are sometimes painful, can develop. Over half of patients have cognitive decline in the later stages of the disease. Depression is common. Psychotic events are prevalent and made worse by dopaminergic drugs, which often prompt treatment withdrawal. Death is usually due to a cause other than Parkinson's disease.


Purpose – Critical links in traffic networks are those who should be better protected because their removal has a significant impact on the whole network. So, the purpose of this paper is to identify the critical links of traffic networks. Design/methodology/approach – This paper proposes the definition of the critical link for an urban traffic network and establishes mathematical model for determining critical link considering the travellers' heterogeneous risk-taking behavior. Moreover, in order to improve the computational efficiency, the impact area of a link is quantified, a partial network scan algorithm for identifying the critical link based on the impact area is put forward and the efficient paths-based assignment algorithm is adopted. Findings – The proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the search space for determining the most critical links in traffic network. Numerical results also demonstrate that the structure of efficient paths has significant impact on identifying the critical links...


Burn-in is usually performed for items with decreasing or bathtub failure rates in order to eliminate early failures. This can be done in a "normal" or accelerated environment or with the help of high environmental stresses, which can often be referred to as "shocks". The latter method of burn-in was not considered so far in the literature on burn-in modeling. Mixtures of distributions present a useful survival model for modeling lifetime distributions in heterogeneous populations. They often result in decreasing failure rates in some time intervals. In this article, we consider shocks that eliminate items in heterogeneous populations with probabilities that depend on the corresponding frailty parameters. We assume that the larger the failure rate of an item in a heterogeneous population is, the larger the probability of this elimination. The optimal level of severity of shocks that minimizes the corresponding total expected costs function is analyzed. Some meaningful examples are discussed.


OECD countries are spending increasing amounts on health services and thus an understanding of how the various activities or functions of health care are financed is vital. Policy makers are interested in the role played by the public and private sector, including households, in financing the three main functions of health care: in-patient care, out-pa tient care and medical goods. Since areas with high private spending may require different health policy tools than those areas where public expenditure plays the dominant role, this is of great relevance to policy makers. The System of Health Accounts (SHA) proposes a system of comprehensive and internationally comparable accounts for repor ting health expenditure data. Using results from the Joint OECD, Eurostat and WHO collection of health accounts data for Spain and 13 other OECD countries, this paper highlights both the richness of the SHA data and the impor tance of consistency and compliance with the SHA definitions. The results also enable an analysis of the financing and the structure of the Spanish health care system in an international context.


The invention discloses a paper bag machine and a paper line pressing device thereof. The paper line pressing device of the paper bag machine comprises an oblique line pressing device and a straight line pressing device which are arranged on the paper bag machine in a spaced mode, the oblique line pressing device comprises an oblique line assembly and a first long rubber roller which rolls relative to the oblique line assembly, the oblique line assembly comprises a first fixed rotating shaft and rubber wheels, multiple oblique line pressing bent sheets which are arranged side by side are fixed on each rubber wheel, and each oblique line bent sheet protrudes to form an extrusion part which is arranged in an inclined mode; the straight line pressing device comprises a straight line pressing assembly and a second long rubber roller which rolls relative to the straight line pressing assembly, the second long rubber roller and the first long rubber roller roll synchronously in the same direction, the straight line pressing assembly comprises a second fixed rotating shaft and straight line fixed frames, and a line pressing bar is installed on each straight line pressing fixed frame. According to the paper bag machine and the paper line pressing device thereof, the functions of pressing an oblique line and a straight line can be achieved simultaneously through the paper line pressing device, one machine serves multiple purposes, the invested cost of equipment is reduced, the structure is simple, the size is small, the production speed of the machine is not affected, and the production efficiency of the machine is greatly improved.


Antipsychotics frequently used to relieve psychotic and behavior symptom during acute manic episode before mood stabilizer have an effect on, and It have been suggested that anti psychotics immediately discontinue when to be relieve acute manic symptom is theoretically the best choice. But, in clinical setting, it is in fact that a large percentage of bipolar patients receive a antipsychotic drug after to be relieve of manic symptom. Author studied 29 subjects had been admitted as bipolar disorder, manic episode from January, 1997 to December, 1997 at Chungnam National University Hospital. This study has idenfied that early onset, presence of delusion and suicidal attempt history of subjects are significant correlation to antipsychotics amount after discharge. This results explain to be other factor of maintenance therapy of bipolar patients. Therefore, because there are many expectation side effects of anti psychotics maintenance therapy, a further, more comprehensive study for identified distinct subgroup of bipolar patients might be more prone to receive antipsychotics is needed.


The semiconductor package device according to the present invention uses a film-like adhesive supporting tape in place of a die pad, the semiconductor chip, and electrically connected to the electrode pad of the chip, including the inner lead an active surface and the height of the same upper surface and the lead frame, and a plurality of bonding wires and the semiconductor chip, a support tape, a molded body for protecting a bonding wire for electrically connecting the electrode pads and the inner leads of the chip. Heat-resistant support tape is to be attached to the active surface of the upper surface and the semiconductor die inside the lead support the inner leads and the semiconductor chip, the support tape is a bonding wire is bonded the opening electrode pad opening for the electrode pad and the inner lead of which is connected to the chip includes a region and a bonding portion opening area, the forming body is consistent with the bottom of the chip, the underside of the chip is exposed from the molded body, the electrode pad open areas of the support tape may be formed separately for each of the electrode pads and it may be integrally formed over the entire plurality of the electrode pad rows. The support tape may include a active side open area such that the said exposure to partially expose the active surface of the semiconductor chip portion in direct contact with the molded body. Inner leads are arranged on all sides of the perimeter of the chip, the support tape is of the chip electrode pads and the first plurality of bonding wires electrically connected to be the first bonding portion and the inner lead and the second plurality of bonding is a second bonding portion and a first bonding portion which includes a wiring pattern electrically connected to the second bonding portion.


Since China's reform and opening up to the outside world,the higher education of our country has been developing rapidly,thus becoming the largest one in scale in the world.However,China with the largest education in scale does not mean that China has become very strong in terms of its higher education.The building of our nation into a powerful one of higher education has become a major challenge which the development of higher education of our country has to be confronted with.Correspondingly,to build up high-quality universities has become a new target of development of our higher education.Then,what characteristics does a high-quality university possess? We believe that it shows its characteristics in the following eight aspects: the notion of running the university,its particular conditions,its teaching faculty,its curriculum design,its pulic relations,its management of total quality,its product service,and its social influence.This paper presents a rational discussion of the characteristics and connotations of a high quality university,in order to "cast a brick to attract jade" in the implementation of a comprehensive and harmonious development of higher education.


According on the manuscripts from Turpan region of the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, the paper studies the planting scale, the attribute of vegetables plantations and the categories, the processing and sale of vegetable for the first the. Interesting is plantation owners possessed vegetables plantation includes local authorities, Buddhist monasteries, and privates.


This article reviews domestic and abroad study of viral myocarditis about its pathogenesy in traditional chinese medicine and western medicine,clinic treatment,experimental research in recent years.It especially introduced the therapeutic condition of VM with traditional Chinese medicine,western medicine and conbined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine as well as the existing problem and propect about the last method.


Aims: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is believed to a reliable marker for telomerase activity. The expression of telomerase activity has not been investigated in a consecutive series of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma in North Queensland. The objective of this study was to evaluate the significance of hTERT mRNA expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma in North Queensland. Methods: Matched samples of tumour and adjacent non‐tumorous mucosa samples from 53 colorectal carcinomas and nine colorectal adenomas were collected. In all these samples, RNA was extracted and then transcribed to cDNA. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to quantitate expression the level of hTERT mRNA. The findings were correlated with the clinicopathological features of patients with these tumours prospectively collected into a computerised database. Results: hTERT mRNA was expressed in all tumour samples. The level of expression in the colorectal adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than the corresponding non‐tumorous mucosa (p = 0.009, t ‐test). The level of expression in the adenocarcinomas was slightly higher than those of adenomas, but the difference was not statistically significant. A higher level of hTERT expression was often noted in the adenocarcinomas arising from the left colon and rectum when compared with those from the right colon (p = 0.029). Conclusions: Colorectal adenocarcinoma revealed expression of telomerase hTERT mRNA, which was detected quantitatively by real‐time PCR. hTERT could be a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer. The difference between proximal and distal colorectum in hTERT expression could account for their known different clinical behaviour.


made in printing them. Neglect of these simple rules causes much trouble. Communications should be forwarded as early in the month as possible, else delay must inevitably occur in their publication. Business letters to be forwarded to the Publishers, J[Tessrs. Wyman Bros., and all prof essional communications to the Editor, direct. Subscribers changing their address are requested to notify the same. The Co-ofbbation of the Pbofbssion tubougiiout India is eabnESTLT SOLICITED.


Modeling of real world data requires many choices to be made, about the size and type of model used parameter value settings and validation criteria. The group method of data handling, GMDH, builds a data-driven polynomial model by constructing a hierarchy of increasingly complex terms. At each level, terms which perform baldly on independent validation data are rejected. Thus the GMDH algorithm performs a search over a small set of different models to find the best. Drawbacks of this method are that the model is conditioned to fit the validation data set and so may not be able to generalize well, and its ability to find a good model is affected by the choice of polynomial terms used. In the work described in this paper, we demonstrate a new method of optimizing the basic GMDH approach using genetic algorithms which avoids an exhaustive search of all possible polynomials. Specifically, multi- objective genetic algorithms can be used to optimize the model to several different constraints, encouraging a good bias- variance trade-off. To illustrate this, the method is tested on data arising from the financial markets and the weather.


The Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) architecture has been suggested to address the Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) issues and to provide better software consolidation and testability by means of partitioning. ARINC-653 defines essential software features for temporal and spatial partitioning and APplication EXecutive (APEX). The multi-core systems can cope with the SWaP issues efficiently, but multi-core processors have side-effects because of the hardware resources shared across multiple cores. In this paper, we aim to quantitatively compare two different implementation alternatives of ARINC-653 scheduler named Centralized ARINC-653 Scheduler (CAS) and Distributed ARINC-653 Scheduler (DAS) on a multi-core system. It is important to minimize the scheduling overheads to stably utilize existing hard real-time scheduling algorithms; however, the discussions about ARINC-653 scheduling on multi-core systems were limited to qualitative analyses in literature. Thus, we quantitatively analyze the scheduling overheads of CAS and DAS and provide insights into critical design issues of the ARINC-653 scheduler on multi-core systems.


The present article is devoted to the study of famous Ottoman historian Kâtip Celebi's views in the context of Ibn Khaldūn's teaching. The prominent Muslim historian Ibn Khaldūn (1332–1406) adheres to a scientific method in the fi eld of historical studies and gives economic priority over religious in the formation and development of the state and civilization. The political changes in the Islamic world in 15th century (the territorial expansion and culmination of Ottoman Empire) were of the utmost signifi cance to the development of Ottoman historiographical tradition. Ibn Khaldūn's dominate infl uence on Ottoman intellectual thought remained until 20th century; hence the modern Turkish scientists designate this centuries-old tradition as "Ibn Khaldūnizm" (Ibn Haldunculuk). Kâtip Celebi shared Ibn Khaldūn's method of historical criticism. The author considers that Katib Celebi should be viewed not only as historian, but also as an important representative of the Islamic sociological tradition established by Ibn Khaldūn. Kâtip Celebi rethought and developed Ibn Khaldūn's views on state.


The key technologies of digital substation are IEC61850 standard and the use of electronic transformer.Application of the two technologies will bring significant effects on traditional substation.In this paper,the advantages of technology of digital substation are introduced,based on the application experiences.The problems of current digital substation technologies are put forward,which need to be researched in the future.Some advances and perspectives for application of the technology are given in the end.


In recent years, great hope has arisen surrounding human stem cells, particularly human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells, as nearly all human tissues can be derived from hiPS cells, using a specific protocol. Therefore, hiPS cells can be a source for replacing defective tissues and make up for the lack of organ donors. However, the alloreactivity of hiPS cells and their derivatives in the context of transplantation remain unclear. While immunosuppressive drugs can inhibit the T-cell compartment, these drugs inhibit partially or not at all natural killer (NK) cells activity. Therefore, the alloreactivity of NK cells against transplanted cells remains to be established. To partially answer this question, we choose, as a model, the potential of cellular therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). First, we established the in vitro derivation of hiPS cells into mature dopaminergic (mDOPA) neurons, going through an intermediate step called neurosphere (NS) cells. These different cells population were cultured with or without IFN-γ. They were characterised phenotypically regarding their morphology, and the expression of specific ligands for NK cell receptors expressed by these cells types was investigated. NK cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and cultured in presence of IL-15, to be activated. To test NK cell alloreactivity, a cytotoxic assay was performed with hiPS cells, NS cells and mDOPA neurons (IFN-γ treated or not) co-cultured with allogenic NK cells. Our results show that allogenic NK cells kill hiPS cells (IFN-γ treated or not), but IFN-γ treated NS cells were protected from killing by allogenic NK cells, compared to untreated NS cells. Finally, mDOPA neurons (IFN γ treated or not) were partially protected against allogenic NK cell killing. These results indicate that derivatives of hiPS cells, especially NS cells, could be a good product for allogenic transplantation in cellular therapy for PD.


This paper aims to overview Japan's implementation of the EU's Less Favoured Areas (LFAs) direct
payment support. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of Japan's LFA payments to the
development of rural policy. Japan's LFA direct payment policy was formed through adjustments to
the small-scale Monsoon Asia terraced paddy field farming which still strongly relies on the
community function. It has been effective in preventing further increases in farmland abandonment.
However the long-term effectiveness of this policy is questionable due to the likelihood of further
depopulation and ageing in Japan's LFAs. We suggest the need for a conceptual shift from current
support that maintains the status quo to one that emphasises investment in rural regeneration.


behalf. The writers of these tablets, C. Novius Eunus and Diognetus, evidently spurned such assistance, although their competence in spelling is far below the general standard. For example, 'seven thousand measures of Alexandrian wheat' appears as 'tridigi Alxadrini modium septe mila'. These documents potentially constitute remarkable evidence for popular spoken Latin at the time they were written. The tablets bear consular dates of the years 37, 38, or 39 A.D., thus clearly antedating Petronius and most of the Pompeian graffiti, hitherto our main sources of non-standard Latin under the early Principate. There is another interesting feature, apparently so far unique. The chirographa themselves are, as one would expect, on the insides of the tablets. In three of the five tablets, a copy of the text also appears on the outside in more or less identical wording, but in correct Latin spelling according to the standards of the time. These must presumably be copies subsequently made; as the editors point out, they cannot have been models for the signatories to copy, since in that case the 'inner' texts would have been more correct than they are. Perhaps these corrected versions were intended as an insurance against misreading of the incompetently written originals, or against dispute as to their validity. The editors refrain from detailed comment on the language of the tablets, and the reviewer will do likewise; but a corrective should be offered to the editors' general intimations about the status of these documents as linguistic evidence. They say that these texts are in 'Vulgar Latin', while admittedly hoisting 'Vulgdrlatein' and its cognates within inverted commas. The initial impression of a bilingual document given by the duplicate texts, one in 'bad' spelling, the other in 'good', is editorially supported on p. 13. However, some moments' consideration should show that this is misleading: the pairs of texts are not only' in the same language but are worded almost identically. On p. 10 of the introduction, the editors say that Novius Eunus and Diognetus 'beherrschten weder das Standardidiom noch die Standardorthographie und schrieben offenbar so, wie sie sprachen', although on p. 14 they admit that some of the oddities in the documents may be 'bloBe Versehen des Schreibers'. One cannot just assume that if someone fails to conform with the conventions of standard written language, he is writing exactly as he speaks; nor can these documents, which are largely formulaic, prove very much (though they may indicate something) about their authors' lack of command of standard spoken, as opposed to written, Latin. In brief, these tablets do indeed provide linguistic evidence of exceptional interest, but great care must be taken in the interpretation of this evidence and in the definition of the categories to be used when discussing it. To talk of documents 'in Vulgar Latin' begs most of the important questions. But such questions may now be left to the linguists: the editors have done their part of the job with exemplary care and clarity.


Objective To investigate the clinical application value of Vascular Intervention Treatment for postpartum hemorrhage caused by abnormal placental implantation.Methods 8 cases of postpartum hemorrhage caused by abnormal placental implantation were undergone Vascular Intervention Treatment,and uterine curettage were done 3~5 days postoperatively.Results All cases were succeed in hemostasis,uterine curettage were required in 3 cases 3 days postoperatively due to part of placenta tissue didn't evacuate,in another 5 cases 5 days after being given intravenous drips of oxytocin,all retained placenta tissue was evacuated.The serum HCG,sex hormone and the menstrual cycle returned to normal within 2~4 months after the placenta tissue was evacuated.Conclusion The Vascular Intervention Treatment is proved to be a safe,effective method for postpartum hemorrhage caused by abnormal placental implantation with fast hemostasis and rare complications.


The expanding Internet is rapidly evolving into a pervasive national infrastructure which support s "digital libraries," among other key services . Digital libraries include an array of commercial an d public on-line information services which provid e citations, abstracts and full texts of diverse materials including newspaper and magazine articles , journals, books, reports and similar materials . Learning from current experiences with electroni c libraries would help technolo gists, scholars, policy-maker s and other interested parties make the best use of scarc e human resources and equipment. The main alternative t o learning from experience i s the much riskier and more costly strategies of technological push and informational imperialism (using the assumption that more information is necessarily better) . There are rich enough digital library source s available in the major universities from which t o learn about the conditions that foster their effectiv e use and their value and costs as seen by the institution and end users . These services include journa l and news files on commercial services like Dialog , abstracting services like Eric, and distributed in formation archives like the rapidly expanding Internet Gophers. We will use a variety of assessment criteria in addition to measures of the amounts of information available, numbers o f people who have potential access, and simple us age statistics . The DLU project will examine th e use of specific digital library facilities in specifi c academic communities to identify and understan d their value to and effective use by different groups .


Background: Globally, urinary tract infection (UTI) is most common during pregnancy, prevalence and incidences being higher than in non-pregnant and elderly women. Inadequate data and information deter UTI prevention and management.Methods: The study targeted UTI positive gravid women seeking antenatal services at Kanyakine hospital. The study assessed history of UTI, lifestyle and hygiene factors. Laboratory test and analysis were conducted on urine specimen collected from 135 randomly sampled study subjects. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the sampled subjects and their urine tested to detect presence of microorganisms. The results were analysed using established quantitative methods.Results: Most (47%) of the respondents were Escherichia coli infected while Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 20%. of respondents. Increased rate of sexual intercourse was linked to detection of Escherichia coli in 47.6%, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 40% and yeast (Candida) in 47.4%. Wearing non-cotton undergarment was attributed to detection of E. coli in 68.3%, yeast (63.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (60%) of the respondents. Reduced frequency of changing undergarment led to detection of high pathogen levels. The mode of wiping and type of toilet significantly influenced infection (p˂0.05).Conclusions: Hygiene factors that increases chances of E. coli infection remains among the most significant cause of UTI in gravid mothers. This study recommends integration of an elaborate awareness creation on UTI prevention measures at the early stages of pregnancy and further studies to determine the national UTI burden to device mitigation strategies.


We report herein a successful analytic fit of the ab initio potential‐energy surface of McLaughlin and Thompson for the ground state HeH+2 system and also the results of a three‐dimensional quasiclassical trajectory study of the exchange reaction over a wide range of vibrational states and relative translational energies of the reactants. While there is good agreement between theory and experiment in many respects, there are some quantitative discrepancies remaining with respect to some of the experimental results.


Dual study programs are hybrid forms of work-based higher education that have expanded very rapidly in Germany—a country traditionally considered a key model in both higher education (HE) and vocational education and training (VET). The continued expansion of these hybrid programs increasingly raises questions if, how, and why they may be internationalized. Although comparative research suggests that this could be challenging due to the uniqueness of the German education and training system, strong forces support internationalization. This study examines the current state and the future prospects of internationalization of such innovative dual study programs by focusing on student mobility, a key dimension of internationalization. We find growing interest in but still relatively little mobility related to dual study programs, whether among German (outgoing) or international (incoming) students. Based on expert interviews and document analysis, we extend existing typologies of student mobility regarding specific features of work-based HE programs. Furthermore, we discuss opportunities—at home and abroad—for increasing student mobility in this rapidly expanding sector.


Advanced mathematics is a basic and compulsory course in the higher education of our country.But many students in independent colleges are poor at this subject.This paper analyzes both the study of the learners and the teaching of the teachers,and puts forward the idea and the measures of the reform,according to the status quo of the course teaching.


Fine diamond powders, in some cases composed of particles smaller than one micron, are assuming ever increasing importance, especially as the cost of conventional abrasives rises disproportionately. This article looks at the advancing technology behind natural and synthetic micron diamond powders and their significance in the automated industry of today


Market Pconomy demands that periodical-running be turned into an industry whose management is intensive.Thus,the cost is to be lowered;the scale to be enlarged;the abiltity to withstand risk to be improved;the market to be standardiaed;repetitive and unnecessary competitions to be lessened.In the long run,the periodical industry of China should follow international practice and participate in international competition.


sketch-book and drawing implements. The practical teaching of the "preliminary men" is, on the whole, guided by "Bower and Vines' Practical Botany." A sufficient supply of material for these men is always kept in spirit, but fresh specimens are examined whenever this is required and the season is favorable. A collection of microscopical prepara-tions illustrating Bower and Vines' book is kept in order to be shown whenever a student, after several attempts, fails to get a sufficiently good preparation himself. The middle part of the room is occupied by two large tables, which serve for various purposes at different times and are very useful. Along the rear wall there is a bench with several sinks for washing plants, bottles, etc., several warm chambers, imbedding apparatus, Bunsen burners, etc. Above these are several shelves on which a great many things frequently used are placed, such as jugs, dishes, bottles, a rough balance, a distilling apparatus, large bottles containing spirit, solutions of chromic acid and picric acid, common salt, distilled water, smaller bottles filled with potash, soda, several acids, alcohol of different strengths, Schultze's macerating fluid, etc. Along the other walls there are cupboards, in which a pretty large collection of systematically arranged materials for investigation, chiefly preserved in spirit, is kept. The material for the " preliminary men " is kept separate or arranged according to Bower and Vines' book. There are also a number oj smaller cupboards, each with a separate key, in which the students keep their private property. In describing our laboratory I have endeavored to enumerate at the same time most things necessary for a botanical laboratory. In conclusion I may mention that anybody interested in the construction of a new laboratory will find much useful information in a book by E. C. Robins, entitled, "Technical School and College-Building." (Lonlon, I887. Whittaker & Co.)


Integration projects involve expert groups with different backgrounds and skills. Coordination mechanisms that manage the close collaborative work are given through the concepts of procedure models. An effective use of procedure models re- quires tool support that covers easy-to-use documentation aspects as well as sophisti- cated run time support for the complete development life cycle. Therefore we intro- duce a multi-layer tool architecture capable of supporting all stages of the application of procedure models. In particular we focus on the transformation of models between different abstraction layers. The practicability of our approach is discussed on the base of a prototypical implementation of its tool components.


To prevent construction machinery from intruding into the transmission corridor, a distance early warning method based on the relationship between the approach angle and the electric field strength is proposed. First, use the simulation analysis to determine the installation position of the electric field sensor. Then, the relationship between the approach angle and the electric field strength at the minimum safe distance outside the transmission line for different voltage levels, number of loops, and loop arrangement are analyzed, and the approach angle and electric field strength are used as comprehensive criteria. Finally, the relationship between the comprehensive criteria of various types of transmission lines is analyzed. Through the method proposed in this paper, an effective control method can be provided for maintaining the minimum safe distance when the construction machinery works near the transmission line.


Before the invention of atomic clocks, the second was defined by dividing the period of an astronomical event into a shorter time interval. For example, the second was once defined by dividing the average period of one revolution of the Earth on its axis. The mean solar second was equal to 1/86,400 of the mean solar day. To create a more stable unit of time interval, the second was redefined in 1956 as 1/31,556,925.9747 of the tropical year 1900. The ephemeris second was indeed more stable than the mean solar second but was nearly impossible to use as a time reference and of little use to metrologists or engineers. In retrospect, it seems almost ridiculous that another astronomical definition of the second was accepted during a period when atomic clocks were already being built [1], [2]. A clean transition from the mean solar second to the atomic second would have made more sense. Doomed from the start, the ephemeris second would be easy to forget about except for one thing - it became the comparison reference for the atomic second.


Cardiovascular disease is one of the most significant causes of death globally, especially in regions where unhealthy diets are prevalent and dietary fibre intake is low.1,2 Fibre, particularly prebiotic types that feed gut microbes, is essential for maintaining healthy gut microbial ecosystems.3 One assumption has been that cardiovascular health relates directly to lifestyle choices in adult life. Here, we show in mice that some of these benefits operate from the prenatal stage and relate to the diet and gut microbiome of the mother. Intake of fibre during pregnancy shaped the mothers' gut microbiome, which had a lasting founding effect on the offspring's microbial composition and function. Maternal fibre intake during pregnancy significantly changed the cardiac cellular and molecular landscape in the offspring, protecting them against the development of cardiac hypertrophy, remodelling, and inflammation. These suggest a role for foetal exposure to maternal-derived gut microbial metabolites, which are known to cross the placenta and drive epigenetic changes. Maternal fibre intake led to foetal epigenetic reprogramming of the atrial natriuretic peptide gene (Nppa), protective against heart failure. These results underscore the importance of dietary intake and the gut microbiome of the mother during pregnancy for cardiovascular disease in the offspring.


Many reports have appeared in the literature concerning peripheral nerve involvement by ganglion. However, a review of the literatue revealed rarity of reports of an intraneural ganglion.A man aged fifty seven years was admitted in February, 1977, with one month's history of numbness and pain on the right ring and little fingers, and weakness of grip.On examination, there was wasting of hypothenar muscle with clawing of the fourth and fifth digits. There was hypesthesia in the whole area of the ulnar nerve distribution.On March 3, 1977, exploration of the right elbow was performed. A 2×1, 5 centimeters cystic mass was found within the sheath of the ulnar nerve. The tumor was removed and the nerve was translocated anteriory.Five months after surgery, the patient showed almost satisfactory motor recovery, though mild hypesthesia was left in the little finger.


Primary uterine angiosarcoma is extremely rare and has a poor prognosis. Angiosarcoma (malignant hemangioendothelioma or hemangiosarcoma) is defined as a tumor of the endothelial cells that lined the blood vessels. It represents less than 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas (1). Although angiosarcomas can arise in any region of the body, most arise in the skin or superficial soft tissue of the elderly (1,2). The most common locations for angiosarcomas include skin, soft tissues, breast, spleen, liver and bone (1). Although rare, angiosarcomas have been reported to originate in the uterus, cervix, fallopian tube, ovary, parametrium, broad ligament and vagina. In the uterus, the vascular channels tend to infiltrate the myometrium and the tumor, if poorly differentiated, can display areas of solid growth (2). Uterine angiosarcomas are very rare tumor, with only 20 cases valid cases or primary uterine angiosarcomas described. Angiosarcomas of the uterus may be classified into primary and secondary cases. Predisposing factors for secondary angiosarcoma include ionizing radiation and chronic lymphedema after radical mastectomy (StewartTreves syndrome) (2). Primary uterine angiosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the vascular endothelium that occurs predominately in peri and postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding and anemia. We present a case of a 66-year-old woman with uterine angiosarcoma who underwent abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, showing the importance of immunohistochemical staining in making the final diagnose. Histologically, the tumor has anastomosing vascular channels lined by highly atypical endothelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for endothelial markers CD31 and vimentin, supporting the diagnosis of uterine angiosarcoma. Primary uterine angiosarcoma tend to demonstrate a highly malignant behavior. The major prognostic factors seems to be the size of the tumor at diagnosis and the presence of extra pelvic disease. No consensus exist for best possible therapy given the few cases from which to draw conclusions. Key-words: angiosarcoma; hemangioendothelioma; hemangiosarcoma.


The reaction of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (I) with phenylpropiolic ester results in the formation of 2-phenyl-thiazino[3, 2-a]benzimidazoI-4-one (II). The structure 4-phenyl-2H-l-thiapyrimido[l,2-a]benzimidazol-2-one (III) assigned by earlier workers.


A study of the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of phenylmercaptoacetic acid led to a new interpretation of the mechanism of the acid-catalyzed cleavage of phenylsulphinylacetic acid.


Recent years has seen the growth of the 'shadow payment system'. This system includes Bitcoin exchanges, PayPal, Alipay in China, and mobile money services in Africa. On current projections, this global 'shadow payment system' will perform an ever-greater portion of payments in most economies in the world. This chapter explores what legal tools can be used to protect users' funds stored within the shadow payment system. It provides a framework for identifying risks to users' funds, the range of relevant legal tools and their effectiveness, and uses this framework to make three claims. First, insolvency of an actor in the shadow payment system exposes users' funds to two risks. One is loss of value, which means the potential write-down of funds when users are characterized as unsecured creditors. The other is illiquidity, meaning users face a delay in converting or transferring funds during bankruptcy proceedings. Second, there is little information about legal tools currently used in the shadow payment system and their effectiveness. There is also little guidance on the desirability of using ex post tools, such as deposit insurance and lender of last resort, to protect users' funds. This is because the policy community is yet to identify the benefits and costs of different roles for the shadow payment system in an economy. Is it an investment asset, alternative retail funds transfer system, vital payment infrastructure on which the economy relies, or something else? Third, mobile money can provide insights into discussions about using legal tools to protect users' funds. This is because over the past ten years, this shadow payment system has become subject to increasingly sophisticated legal and regulatory regimes. A key insight from mobile money is ex ante and ex post tools appear required to address loss of value and illiquidity risks. A similar package of reforms may be needed to build strong, stable shadow payment systems in Japan, the United States, and other developed countries. The chapter uses mobile money in Malawi as a case study for developing this point.


Many wafer fabs have exhaust management challenges, which includes point-of-use (POU) abatement device decisions. Initially it is important to summarize general rules for exhaust management and POU abatement devices in a wafer fab, which can assist when developing solutions. Wafer fabs that have a fab exhaust management strategy provide a consistent approach to selecting best POU abatement devices and determining exhaust management practices. The fab exhaust management strategy is used to develop a process-specific exhaust management plan


As a prerequisite for the globalization of chemical education, universal sharing of information, including textbooks, has been suggested. To achieve this apparently difficult goal, extensive use of machine translation (MT) serves as one possibility. To test the feasibility of this method, a program was organized and this was proposed to IUPAC for financial support. The possibility of the use of cellular phones as terminals for the network to be used in chemical education is also discussed.


Symposium Open to Re-Interpretation Bambi Yost (Iowa State University}, Carl Rogers (Iowa State University}, Jon Hunt (Kansas State University}, Lynn Paxson (Iowa State University}, Joseph Juhasz (University of Colorado} In this interactive visual panel session, participants will be asked to reinterpret and explore places through imagery. Participants will be encouraged to interpret student drawings and models produced out of two similar but different classes. Both courses emphasize the need to interpret a place, to make a mark, and to reinterpret through drawings and models. This process of reinterpretation is cyclical, reflexive, and exploratory. Students have created work which even they did not expect. The primary objective of this session is to generate dialogue about the process of reiteration and reinterpretation as critical components of understanding, representing, and experiencing place both internally and externally. Work to be explored includes: 1) Drawings of student-built land art installations over time 2) Drawings and models of student interventions and reinterpretations over time 3) Imagined, emotive, and expressive representations of place 4) Things hidden and revealed through drawing and reinterpretation. Please join us as we continue our discussion about place, representation, and reinterpretation through time. 368 Livable Neighborhood Design for the Elderly in Korea Hoe-Young Yun (University of Minnesota}, Ann Ziebarth (University of Minnesota), EunJu Hwang (University of Tennessee) Korea is a rapidly aging society, so interest in built environments for the elderly has increased. There are multiple viewpoints about what constitutes a walkable neighborhood for older adults. A number of studies suggest walking is promoted by neighborhood attributes. The attributes that promote walkablity include utilitarian destinations (grocery stores, retail and convenience stores, and restaurants), sports facilities, housing type, and transportation systems. Neighborhood perceptions such as safety, knowing neighbors, and seeing many others walking also promote physical activity. In addition, simple design attributes including street lighting, sidewalks/ pavement, benches, boulevard trees, and traffic calming devices promote walkability. However, few studies have explored whether current built environment designs sufficiently promote walkability for seniors. This study explored built environments at a site in Korea for walkability by older adults as well as healthy adults. One apartment complex in Seoul, Korea, was selected to evaluate neighborhood qualities supporting walkablity for elderly residents. The Senior Walking Environmental Assessment Tool-Revised (SWEAT-R) was utilized to thoroughly investigate this environment. SWEAT-R data examined the street segments next to the target complex to determine whether the built environments incorporate design attributes of walkability. However, the assessment tool does not include detailed factors, because the tool only explores at the segment levels. Thus, for a more detailed investigation, visual analyses of the streetscape through photographs were also utilized. In addition, facilities within al km radius of the complex were mapped to see what destinations exist in the neighborhood. Overall, the built environment of the site was well designed to support walkabilty by older adults, and the area could be defined as a walkable neighborhood in terms of neighborhood composition such as compact density, mixed land uses, pedestrian friendly sidewalks, and public transportation. In addition, the site generally guarantees walkability in the aspects of lighting, sideedr'a42ch ICOQO l I I


The gut microbiota plays key roles in the health and general welfare of fish larvae, the present study characterized the bacterial communities associated with grouper Epinephelus coioides larvae during a period of 22 days post hatch (DPH) in an intensive hatchery using both cultivation-based and cultivation-independent approaches. Both approaches confirmed that bacteria were present in the gut of larvae before and after the onset of exogenous feeding, and the number of cultiviable bacteria increased gradually from 2 DPH to 22 DPH. A more complex bacterial profile was present in larvae fed fertilizer oyster eggs for 4 days (8 DPH), probably as a result of the onset of exogenous feeding. Interestingly, similar internal microbiota were observed in larvae fed fertilized oyster eggs for 4 days (8 DPH) and rotifers for 2 weeks (22 DPH), although different microbial communities were present in the two feeds. This might suggest that the gut environment of E. coioides larvae selects for a common microbiota, which is more closely related with the rearing water than the two feeds. Therefore, bacterial community of the rearing water may play a critical role in the establishment of gut microbiota of fish larvae and more attention should be paid to its practical modulation by using probiotics. In addition, some potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Lactococcus spp., were the major components of the microbiota associated with fertilized oyster eggs, while these bacteria were not detected in larvae samples.


A component database for behavioral synthesis of digital circuits should generate components that fit specific design requirements and provide information about a component's electrical and layout characteristics for possible architectural tradeoffs. A component server, called the intelligent component database (ICDB), is described. ICDB can dynamically generate components for a given set of constraints and attributes. Further, it provides delay, area, and shape estimates that support design tradeoffs on the microarchitecture-level. The ICDB is designed to be used with tools for behavioral, logic, and layout synthesis. Experiments demonstrate that such a component server can replace component catalogs with hundreds of pages.<<ETX>>


The government adopted many regulations to rein in drug prices,but the effect of it is controversial.Using the time series of price index related to drugs from April 2004 to April 2011,Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA) models are established,so as to evaluate the real effects of regulations made by government.The result shows that these regulations didn't work well on the drug prices.It's empirically proven that these regulations didn't achieve the goals which are to control the drug prices and reduce the burden of patients.Therefore,government has to investigate the drug cost of production and circulation more practically,and speed up the reform of health care system.