Tilawatil Quran is a form of dhikr to Allah SWT and is the most important form of worship that Rasulallah has made as the greatest worship for a means of getting closer to Allah. This study aims to determine the forms of the Tilawatil Quran  method in Bahrul Ulum (Induk) Tambakberas Jombang Islamic Boarding School. This research is qualitative descriptive.  Data collection through observation, interviews and documentation, data obtained during the study were analyzed by reducing data. Presenting data, and drawing conclusions from the results of these studies. The result of the research is that there are student lines that form the letter U, 2- banjars, 2- shaff, clustered and others. The teacher reads out then the students imitate, some immediately come forward to be listened to by the teacher, some read together at the same time the teacher listens to, and so on. The development of students after following various forms of the Tilawatil Quran method is that the average reading becomes more fluent, understanding tajwid, makharijul letters, character traits, and many more. The conclusion of the research is the form of the Tilawatil Qur'an method is different and the development of the students after following various forms of the tilawatil Qur'an method is basically better than before both in terms of reading, tajwid understanding and others.


Date ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my parents for all the support and encouragement they gave me. Without them I would not be where I am today, and that is a blessing I cherish. Next, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Shaun Kelly for his guidance and insight regarding the subject matter. Finally, I would like to thank the BRAE department for the use of the facilities and equipment. iii ABSTRACT With the increase of environmental pollution in today's world, many strategies and regulations are being enforced. These enforcements come from the state and federal governments, but public awareness is often overlooked. Stormwater regulations here in California have dramatically changed over the last decade, as the topic is investigated more often. This senior project encompassed the design prototype and cost analysis of a permanent concrete washout station for the BioResource and Agricultural Engineering Department at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. The design parameters given were to construct a steel bin for the excess concrete to be dumped into during and preceding certain concrete classes. The new concrete washout had to have forklift inserts, as well as easy dumping access. The size of the washout station design was dependent on usage and amount of concrete handled by the students during lab hours. iv DISCLAIMER STATEMENT The university makes it clear that the information forwarding herewith is a project resulting from a class assignment and has been graded and accepted only as a fulfillment of a course requirement. Acceptance by the university does not imply technical accuracy or reliability. Any use of the information in the report is made by the user(s) at his or herown risk, which may include catastrophic failure of the device or infringement of patent or copyright laws. Therefore, the recipient and/or user of the information contained in this report agrees to indemnify, defend and save harmless the state its offices, agents and employees from any and all claims and losses accruing of resulting to any person, firm, or corporation who may be injured or damaged as a result of the use of this report.


This article looks at the role of Community Educators in supporting people learning about and participation in the Scottish Independence Referendum in September 2014. It reviews the involvement of Community Educators in the campaign for a Devolved Scottish parliament in 1997 and then presents an argument for why Community Educators should see involvement in the referendum as part of the their core work and professional purpose.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude change toward elementary school English classes. This study consisted of seventeen...


Preeclampsia is responsible for a high incidence of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms of preeclampsia have still not been fully elucidated, but preeclampsia is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Since many decades, a causal relationship to the autonomic nervous system has been assumed. Several studies have investigated the excretion of catecholamines in urine and plasma. Due to conflicting results, the role of the autonomic nervous system could not be definitively resolved in these studies. However, microneurography has demonstrated a state of overactivity in women with preeclampsia. An additional study has shown that all women at risk for preeclampsia showed a gestational increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), defined as pregnancy-induced sympathetic overactivity (PISO), which normalized after delivery. However, it remains unclear whether the sympathetic activity precedes preeclampsia or occurs only as a secondary phenomenon. Further consolidated research into the role of the autonomic nervous system might answer this question respecting the pathophysiological mechanism of preeclampsia and contribute to a more effective therapeutic regime.


The helium circulator is a key component for the 10MW High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTR-10) . The circulator operates at 250℃, 3.0MPa helium condition in order to transport the core heat to the steam generator. The design of the helium circulator involves the overall construction, the impeller type, the cooling system, the bearings, the instrumentation, the electrical penetrations, and the shutoff valve. Ex-factory test and cold and hot tests after the installation have been carried out for the helium circulator. According to the commissioning requirement of the reactor, initiative operation has been made for the helium circulator. The test and operation results show that the helium circulator meets the requirement of design and operation for HTR-10.


If a recent experiment is confirmed, theorists will be challenged to explain the evidence for weak ferromagnetism in a compound made solely of carbon.


Conversion of tropical forests to agricultural lands is one of the leading causes of biodiversity loss. To assess the impact of such forest conversion on microbial diversity, the present study investigated the diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in undisturbed forests (UF), Slash-and-Burn Fields (SBF) and Monoculture Forests (MF). The study sites are located adjacently on a hilly slope. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungal spores were extracted by wet-sieving and decanting technique from the three sites. A total of 12 AM fungal taxa belonging to 4 different genera were extracted and identified. Glomus was the dominant genus in all three sites. Spore density was highest in UF, lower in SBF, and lowest in MF. The high diversity of AM fungi in undisturbed forest with naturally higher plant species diversity suggested that disturbance affect the abundance and richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores. Our results show that the forests of Karbi Anglong Hill District of Assam contained a high AM fungal diversity and species richness. The AMF diversity is significantly affected by the land use practices practiced by the people and no step has been initiated to restore this important group of microorganisms by forest management practices.


Abstract The separation of bovine skim milk proteins by gel-permeation high performance liquid chromatography was examined. Toya-Soda TSK-GEL (Type SW) columns were used with an eluent of .05 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.80) containing .1 M sodium sulfate at .5 ml/min. Bovine whole milk was centrifuged to remove lipids, and the resultant skim milk directly injected. A 2000SW column yielded three protein peaks: 1 = casein, IgG and BSA; 2 = 6-lactoglobulins and BSA; and 3 = α-lactalbumin and BSA. A 3000SW plus 2000SW column system with a 30 μl injection volume yielded four protein peaks: 1 = minor amounts of α - and β-casein; 2 = casein, BSA and IgG; 3 = β-lactoglobulins; and 4 = α1-lactalbumin. A 3000SW plus 2000SW column system with a 10 μl injection volume yielded five protein peaks: 1 = casein; 2 = IgG; 3 = BSA; 4 = β-lactoglobulins; and 5 = α-lactalbumin. Both the single column and dual column applications yielded three nonprotein peaks, which were dialyzed from solution. Thus, a high speed analytical sepa...


Objectives: To report: (1) Oncological safety of endoscopic technique using disease free survival and a Kaplan Maier analysis for malignant tumors and recurrence rate for benign tumors; (2) Type of reconstruction of large anterior skull base defects and rate of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak; (3) Postoperative major (cranial and orbital) and minor complications. Methods: Retrospective chart review identifying patients undergoing endoscopic anterior skull base resection for malignant and benign tumors at a tertiary care medical center between September 1997 and June 2013. Results: Preliminary analysis shows that 34 patients underwent transnasal endoscopic resection for malignant disease and 2 patients for benign disease. The median follow-up was 30 months. Olfactory neuroblastoma was the most common pathology. There were 3 major and 5 minor complications. Three patients recurred locally resulting in a local control rate of 90.9%. The overall mortality rate was 18%, and the disease specific mortality was 3%. Reconstruction of the skull base defect was done using acellular dermis as a sole graft with a success rate of 97% and a cerebrospinal fluid leak in 1 case. Conclusions: Endoscopic anterior skull base resection for benign or malignant disease is a safe and valid alternative compared to standard approaches. It is gaining more popularity, and with increasing surgical expertise, the indications of this procedure are expanding.


Exposure of heparin-bearing anticoagulant materials to whole blood, plasma, or serum has been shown to lead to partial elution of heparin. Similar effects are obtained when graphite–benzalkonium–heparin (GBH) or poly–4–vinyl–pyridine–heparin (PVPyrH) surfaces are exposed to bovine plasma protein fractions. Loss of heparin from these anticoagulant materials appears to be dependent on the nature of the cationic surface and on the particular protein fraction used. With whole blood and plasma, and with most of the protein fractions studied, it was found that a larger fraction of the original heparin was eluted from GBH than from PVPyrH. Surfaces exposed to bovine Cohn fraction IV lost considerably more heparin than similar surfaces exposed to Cohn fractions I, II, III, or V, and fraction V removed less than the others, at the same or higher concentrations, and less from PVPyrH than from GBH.


Jurisdiction — Territorial — Over national waters — Applicability of federal or state law to accident occurring five nautical miles off the Louisiana shore — The law of the United States of America. State territory — Parts of — Territorial waters — Jurisdiction in maritime belt — Extent of territorial jurisdiction of state of United States of America — Application of state statute to accident occurring beyond three-mile limit — Federal Death on the High Seas Act — The law of the United States of America.


The fast inversion of reliable centroid moment tensor and kinematic rupture parameters of earthquakes occurring near coastal margins is a key for the assessment of the tsunamigenic potential and early tsunami warning (TEW). In recent years, more and more multi-channel seismic and geodetic online station networks have been built-up to improve the TEW, for instance the GNSS and strong motion networks in Italy, Greece, and Turkey, additionally to the broadband seismological monitoring. Inclusion of such data for the fast kinematic source inversion can improve the resolution and robustness of its’ solutions. However, methods have to be further developed and tested to fully exploit the potential of such rich joint dataset.

In this frame, we compare and test two in-house developed, kinematic / dynamic rupture inversion methods which are based on completely different approaches. The IDS (Iterative Deconvolution and Stacking, Zhang et al., 2014) combines an iterative seismic network inversion with back projection techniques to retrieve subfault source time functions. The pseudo dynamic rupture model (Dahm et al., in review) links the rupture front propagation estimate based on the Eikonal equation with the dislocation derived from a boundary element method to model dislocation snapshots. We used the latter in both a fast rupture estimate and a fully probabilistic source inversion.

We use some Mw > 6.3 earthquakes that occurred in the coastal range of the Aegean Sea as an example for comparison: the Mw 6.3 Lesbos earthquake (12 June 2017), the Mw 6.6 Bodrum earthquake (20 July 2017), and the recent Mw 7.0 earthquake which occurred at Samos on 30 October 2020. The latter earthquake and the resulting tsunami caused fatalities and severe damage at the shorelines of Samos and around the city of Izmir, Turkey.
The fast estimates are based on only little data and/or prior information obtained from the regional seismicity catalogue and available active fault information. The large number of seismic (broadband, strong motion) and geodetic (high-rate GNSS) stations in local and regional distance from the earthquake with good azimuthal coverage jointly inverted with InSAR data allows for robust inversion results. These, and other solutions, are used as a reference for the comparison of our fast source estimates.
Preliminary results of the slip distribution and the source time function are in good agreement with modelling results from other authors.

We present our insights into the kinematics of the chosen earthquakes investigated by means of joint inversions. Finally, the accuracy of our first fast source estimates, which could be of potential use in tsunami early warning, will be discussed.


Abstract Crossidium laxefilamentosum Frey & Kürschner is shown to be a distinct taxon that is easily distinguished from the related C. crassinerve. Discovery of two plants of C. laxefilamentosum with sporophytes has permitted the description of the capsule and spore characters for the first time. This species is recorded as new to Europe and to North Africa. The known range of this desert species is now expanded from South-West Asia to North Africa, to the steep loess cliffs along the River Danube, and to the dry S.E. coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Among these regions five localities are reported from northern Serbia, three from central Hungary, S. of the 47° line of latitude, one from Romania, 20 from Spain and six localities have been found in Tunisia. The distribution of C. laxefilamentosum suggests that it had a circum-Tethyan origin.


Historians of Tudor government have tended to write about the relationship between rulers and ruled in terms of the ability of central government to impose on the localities things which they did not want, in particular the Reformation and taxes to fight wars. Students of the localities have written in terms of the local obstructions in the way of the enforcement of central directives. Students of parliament have examined that institution in terms of its power to block government initiatives. Students of the institutions of central government have explored their subject in terms of the degree of 'bureaucratic' development exhibited by these institutions, in other words, how well suited they were to the task of efficient government. But there is another aspect to the functioning of Tudor government, and that is the ways in which subjects could secure their own objectives by use of its machinery. Recent research has begun to provide some insight into this neglected topic. It is axiomatic to revisionist writing on parliament that parliament was, primarily concerned with legislation, and that legislation was as much a matter for localities and interest groups as it was for the crown. Diarmaid MacCulloch and Stephen Kershaw have pointed to the ways in which local communities turned to the central courts, and even the privy council, for support against aggressive landlordism. The accessibility of parliament, the council and the law courts, it may be argued, was a major factor behind the stability of English society in this period, offering a variety of fora within which redress of grievances might be pursued.


This paper presents the application of the CGA prepared with NaLS to float methylene blue ion from its aqueous solutions.A model of flotation kinetics on the basis of surface adsorption kinetics was established,and the mechanism of the flotation kinetics was also discussed.Flotation rate constants were calculated and the effect of aqueous solutions'pH value,concentration of NaC1 and concentration of NaLS used to prepare for the CGA on the flotation rate constants were discussed.


A method for image processing a digital color image, the total concentration value obtained by totaling the color density values for each process color of the pixel is lower than the predetermined density threshold, the halftone process a single threshold array use to. However, if the total concentration value exceeds the density threshold, dividing the individual color density values to the basic portion and excess portion. The total value of the basic portion and to a predetermined concentration threshold at a maximum. In halftone processing, the basic moiety is utilized as it is a single threshold array, excess portion is associated with each individual process colors, utilizing uncorrelated threshold array. This results in a balance between the granularity, an independent registration with color rendering with high color density at low color density.


ABSTRACT Drought is the most harmful environmental factor crop productivity. Some chemicals are used in agriculture to mitigate the damage from this stress on plants. Therefore, we examined whether the spraying of zinc sulfate (ZS), potassium phosphite (KPhi) and the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) would mitigate the deleterious effects of water deficit on sunflower plants by analyzing physiological and biometric characteristics. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a randomized block design with five replications. The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme: [Factor A (Alleviators)] - spraying of KPhi (0.5 L ha-1), ZS (3.2 kg ha-1), NaHS (1.2 g ha-1), and water; [Factor B (substrate humidity, SH)] - 100% (well irrigated) and 30% (water deficit, WD) of field capacity. Under WD conditions, alleviators led to the maintenance of higher values of water potential (ΨW), a lower content of leaf malonaldehyde (MDA), and increased activity of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase (POX), except for ZS. However, leaf osmotic potential, proline concentration, variables related to gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence, and biometric characteristics differed only according to the SH factor. The results of ΨW and MDA for sunflower plants under WD are indicative of the mitigating capacity of ZS, KPhi, and H2S. Thus, the spraying of these compounds on sunflower plants mitigates the effects of WD, acting specifically in physiological processes related to antioxidant responses and in the maintenance of water in leaf tissues.


This conceptual research paper intends to provide a summative introductory to an important economic concept; distributive justice from a purely Islamic perspective. Despite its relevance to the prevailing socio-economic problems and role in our daily economic activities both at micro and macro levels, most discussions related to distributive justice are often rooted to works of western scholars. The efforts available are normally cursory in nature relative to processes of production and consumption. Justice being central to Islam in general and distribution an aspect that affects the wellbeing of people collectively awards the notion of distributive justice an interesting and significant place as an independent subject matter of analysis. Keywords: Distribution, Justice, Islamic Economics


Objective
To investigate the effects of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK) regulated autophagy on restoring the sensitivity of diabetic myocardium to ischemic postconditioning(IPO).

Methods
Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats(weighed 220-280 g) were used in this study. Thirty healthy rats were randomly divided into: sham group (N+S group), ischemia reperfusion group (N+IR group) and ischemia postconditionig group(N+IPO group); type 1 diabetic rat models were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at the dose of 60 mg/kg and confirmed by blood glucose concentration≥16.7 mmol/L; all rats were raised for 8 weeks. Fifty-four diabetic rats were randomly assigned into diabetic sham group (D + S group), diabetic ischemia group(D + IR group), diabetic ischemia postconditionig group(D+IPO group), diabetic ischemia+AMPK activtor A-769662 group(D+IR+A group), diabetic ischemia postconditionig+A-769662 group(D+IPO+A group). There were 6 rats in N+S and D+S group and 12 rats each in the other groups. Myocardial ischemia reperfusion model was completed by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion. IPO was induced by 3 cycles of 10 second of reperfusion and ischemia at the onset of reperfusion. AMPK agonist A-769662(6 mg/kg) was given as intraperitoneal injection 30 min before ischemia. Myocardium infarct size (IS) was detected by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Transmission electron microscopeserum was used to observe autophagosomes. Arterial blood was collected to detect creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release. The phosphorylation of AMPK (p-AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B/A(LC3B/A) and ubiquitin binding protein p62 in heart tissues were examined by Western blotting. The t test was adopted to detect the differences between two groups, one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences between groups.

Results
Diabetic rats characterized with lower body weight, p-AMPK expression, autophagosomes number and LC3B/A ratio and higher CK-MB, LDH, p-mTOR, p62 and blood glucose when compared with nondiabetic rats(t=4.15- 34.65, all P 0.05). Compared with D+IR group, the IS(28%±5% vs 45%±6%), CK-MB((1 047±178) vs (2 050±325) U/L), LDH((1 303±365) vs (2 558±189) U/L), p-mTOR(0.48±0.24 vs 1.29±0.25), p62(0.74±0.12 vs 1.04±0.24) decreased significantly, and the p-AMPK level(1.81±0.19 vs 0.61±0.15), autophagosomes number(9.3±1.4 vs 3.8±0.9) and LC3B/A ratio (1.43±0.23 vs 0.65±0.13) increased significantly in D+ IPO+ A group (t=5.26- 11.82, all P<0.05).

Conclusion
AMPK/mTOR activation by A-769662 can restore the sensitivity of diabetic hearts to IPO-induced cardioprotection through autophagy promotion.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus, type 1; Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase; Autophagy; Myocardial reperfusion injury; Ischemic postconditioning


The heavy metals pass to the breathing system into the human body in smoking process and raise the diseases,such as lung cancer and the larynx cancer,etc.In order to availably control and reduce the harmfulness of heavy metals to active and passive smokers,it is necessary to analyze the heavy metals source in tobacco and cigarette,discuss the changes of heavy metals in smoking process and it's affecting factor,and find out valid reduction strategy.


The corrosion inhibition effect of benzotriazole on copper and steel in simulated tap water was investigated by using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a quantum chemistry analysis. The corrosion inhibition ef ciency for copper and steel was accordingly increased with an increasing of the benzotriazole concentrations. However, the electrochemical test showed a signi cant difference between the inhibition ef ciency of copper and steel. From molecular theory and the adsorption isotherm, the difference between the d-orbital structure of copper and steel affects the adsorption stability of benzotriazole on the metal surface. This postulation is well correlated with the results of the quantum chemical analysis. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2016310]


A graph G on n vertices is said to be (k, m)-pancyclic if each k-set S ⊆ V (G) is contained in cycles of each of the following lengths: m,m + 1, · · · , n. This property generalizes vertex pancyclicity. There are ten pairs of forbidden subgraphs which guarantee that a 2-connected graph is (k,m)-pancyclic for some integer m ≤ n. We give the best (smallest) possible value for m in each of these ten cases. Examples are provided which show that the ten values given are best possible.


Official documents state that all Early Childhood Centres in Norway should aspire to become learning organisations. This chapter looks at how leaders interpret and act on this new mission to become learning organisations. The authors find significant differences in the way managers interpret the concept of a learning organisation, and that managers are relatively unclear as to how to utilise this approach when developing pedagogical work.


Lignocellulose can be degraded by lignocellulolytic microorganisms such as moulds. The purpose of the study was to obtain the right type of moulds in degrading lignocellulose on the cocoa shell powder. The study used a completely randomized design method using four treatments of different types of mould (Trichoderma viride, Neurospora sitophila, Aspergillus niger, and Rhizopus oryzae) towards cocoa shell powder fermentation. Solid fermentation of cocoa shell powder was carried out for 5 days in an incubator with a temperature of 30°C for T. viride, N. sitophila, and R. oryzae, while A. niger of 35°C. The fermented substrate was then dried in a cabinet oven with a temperature of 50°C for 4 days. Tests of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose were performed towards the treatments by the Chesson method, while the moisture content test was performed using the AOAC method. Degradation of fermented cocoa shell powder has shown a significant effect on moisture, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents. Trichoderma viride resulted in the highest lignocellulose degradation compared with the other treatments. The percentage decrease of lignin content is up to 46.69 wt%; while cellulose of 22.59 wt%; and hemicellulose is about 19.41 wt% from the initial lignin weight.


Objective To observe the changes of plasma levels of OxLDL,FFA in patients with acute coronary syndrome and investigate its clinical value,and to investigate the relationship between their concentration variances and coronary angiography disease.Methods The total of 63 patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS) diagnosed by selected coronary angioplasty were enrolled in this study,including 30 cases of acute myocardial infarction(AMI),33 cases of unstable angina(UAP) and 31 persons without CHD were selected as the control.According to the scope of coronary artery disease,the CHD group was divided into single vessel disease group(33 cases),multi-vessel disease group(20 cases) and control group(31cases).All cases were respectively measured serum OxLDL and FFA levels on admission,then analyzed.Results Plasma levels of OxLDL and FFA in ACS group were obviously higher than those in control group(P0.05).There were no significant differences of these markers between AMI group and UAP group.Conclusion Plasma levels of OxLDL,FFA are associated with the happen of ACS.Those markers may be helpful to the risks ratification and prognosis of ACS.


This chapter describes the music assessment for the South Carolina Arts Assessment Program (SCAAP) and the cycle of continual improvement used in the development and maintenance of the assessment. The SCAAP is a state-level arts assessment program that has been in operation for more than 10 years. The chapter describes the history and development of all aspects of the assessment. Then, the chapter reviews the analyses undertaken each year as part of the assessment cycle, including a review of the results from the most recent administration of the assessment. After discussing the development and technical characteristics of the assessment, the chapter reviews some of the investigations that the assessment developers have undertaken using the music assessment. Finally, the chapter describes lessons that will be beneficial to others interested in developing technically sound assessments in music.


Creation problem of model of grammatical means of temporality expression in translation from English into Kazakh and Russian languages is considered in the article. At a choice of translation of transformations of aspectual-temporal categories of a verb from English into Kazakh and Russian languages it is considered not only grammatical compliance of categories of tense, but also the contextual use of a functional and semantic field of verbs, comparison of lexical temporality with positions of concepts, specific to each language world picture, with positions of modern philosophy and logic of language. Authors come to a conclusion that productive use of analytical forms in the Kazakh and English languages is the result of structural features of categories of tense and a type of English and Kazakh languages. Comparison of a phase of actions of a verb in English and Kazakh languages allows creation of reference model of grammatical means of expression of temporality in translation from English into Kazakh and Russian languages on the basis of a functional and semantic field of verbs, comparison of lexical temporality from positions specific on each language picture of the world.


This paper presents a description of the history of the technology used in the industries, its evolution regarding the use of energy and the processes that have innovated it within the industries. It describes the technology that highlighted industrial revolutions from the first to the present, and presents estimates of future trends. The evolution presents changes regarding energy consumption and efficiencies in the use of technologies in the industry. The innovation presents the changes or techniques implemented to obtain greater benefit from the technology and respond in a better way to the market demand. Clear trends are identified in the increased use of technology in industries with respect to their labor and energy consumption.
Keywords: Technologies, industrial revolutions, innovation.
References
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[2]S. NAVA, «New Paradigm of Big Data in Industry 4.0 era,» TOG ( A Coruña), 2018.
[3]L. Kim, La dinámica del aprendizaje tecnológico en la industrialización, Suam Foundation, 2000.
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[10]C. MACHICADO, Las revoluciones industriales. INESAD: Desarrollo sobre la Mesa, 2018, [Online]. Available: [http://inesad.edu.bo/dslm/2018/08/las-revoluciones-industriales/[Last access: January 23, 2020].


In a recent Editorial, Williams, Pickup and Keen' claimed to have 'highlighted those areas of the expanding literature relating psychology to diabetes' which they 'personally found unconvincing, difficult to understand or unhelpful in the clinical management of the disease'. May we now look forward to a further editorial from these authors telling us of those areas about which they have positive feelings? Such a follow-up editorial might cover the more recent literature on psychology and diabetes which was notably absent from this last editorial. 1 agree wholeheartedly that there have been many studies of diabetes management which have used unsuitable psychological measures to investigate patients' health beliefs, locus of control and various aspects of psychological well-being, and have said so elsewhere.2 The need for development of reliable new psychological measures, designed specifically for people with diabetes, has been apparent for some time. Indeed there have been numerous papers published in the past four years describing the development of a range of diabetes-specific psychological measures. Measures include scales concerned with patients' diabetes-specific health belief^,^,^ patients' perceived control of diabetes4 and diabetes-specific locus of ~ o n t r o l , ~ doctors' and nurses' perceived control of diabetes,6 many scales to measure knowledge of diabetes, eg!',* simple indicators of compliance with medical recommendations9 and scales to measure patients' satisfaction with diabetes treatment regimens.'" The authors of these measures would not claim that their measures could meet all research needs. However there i s already considerable evidence for the usefulness of these measures in several contexts in understanding some of the psychological processes involved in diabetes management11.12.13 and in evaluating the outcomes of certain diabetes treatment regirnen~.~~*, '~ Williams and colleagues made no mention of any of this work with the exception of one paper by Dunn eta/.' The Dunn et al. paper was cited in support of the statement that 'Questionnaires may be invalidated by boredom and loss of concentration especially when they take 60-90 minutes to complete'thereby giving the impression that Dunn et al.'s scales were unreasonably time-consuming. In fact they were only 15 item scales,


We propose an e(cid:14)cient soft-decision decoding algo-rithm for Reed-Solomon codes, called symbol sub-stitution decoding (SSD), that supplies the algebraic decoder with a set of candidate sequences. The algebraic decoder generates a set of candidate codewords and the most likely codeword is chosen as the transmitted codeword. SSD outperforms successive erasures decoding (SED) and generalized minimum distance decoding (GMD). SSD can approach the performance of maximum-likelihood decoding (MLD) when the number of candidate sequences increases.


Students were asked to write a fem sentences on the GIST of the results ol each exercise. They were given the definition from The Concise Oxford Dictionary, which reads: "GIST n. Rea' ground or point, substance or pith of a matter." A 5 to 8 cm long section labeled GIST was available on the date report sheet, which they completed ir the laboratory and handed in before leaving. Three examples of GISTs from laboratory exercises dealing with aerobic respiration, seed viability and cambial activation from a second year university course in plant physiology are:


The purpose of this study was to develop a tablet PC version of a system that promotes the learning of knowledge and skills related to science teaching, and to investigate its effectiveness. The characteristic feature of this system is that it supports collaborative learning through discussions based on case method materials by a manga (comic strip). The system makes students read scenes of a children's experiment displayed on the screen in the form of a manga. Touch operations on parts of interest enable students to point pins. Pins are color-coded in four colors. Students use the share functions to share awareness with each other and hold discussions to solve problems. We conducted an experimental evaluation with university students who intended to become elementary school teachers. The evaluation showed that the proposed system is effective in promoting discussion through the sharing of awareness.


The goal of computerised tomography is to reconstruct cross sectional image of the object under consideration from it's projections whereas edge detection is an image analysis problem of utmost importance in medical imaging to outline the boundaries of tumours, bones etc. In this paper, a technique to reconstruct the edges directly from fan-beam projections, using the Marr-Hildreth operator, is presented. To obtain the edge map of object under consideration, the divergent beam transform of Marr-Hildreth operator is convolved with ramp filter to yield an edge reconstruction filter which is finally convolved with the acquired fan-beam projections and back-projected, resulting in a convolution back-projection, to reconstruct the edges. The paper also discusses about the utilisation of state-of-the-art Noo's algorithm to reconstruct the edges directly from equi-angular fan beam projections. Finally, the proposed technique is simulated to make relevant conclusions and inferences.


"Learning" denotes that a system is capable of adapting to a task, such that when the task is repeatedly performed the system will perform the task more efficiently than on previous attempts. Learning system may incorporate neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic learning, self-learning expert systems, or a combination of any or all of these technologies. These systems are capable of the self-generation of mathematical, logical, or analytical rules for determining desired outputs based upon some input criteria or user assistance. Some of these systems are selftraining; others require training and/or previous knowledge in order to learn. Learning systems can be hardware or software-based, or a combination of both. Today, a great deal of research incorporating machine-learning techniques continues in the area of Artificial Intelligence. The purpose of this paper is to discusses their strategic applications, advantages and problems of learning systems, then focus on how these technologies are being used for developing solutions to difficult, yet strategic decisions, and finally present recommendations for how future systems will have to differ from current systems.


one hydraulic telescopic downhole traction robot is developed to increase its drawing ability and motion performance. The basic mechanical structure of tractor is introduced. Continuous movement mechanism and concrete implementation are analyzed. The robot traction performance is researched based on the analysis of support characteristic. The mathematical models of the hydraulic system are established for hydraulic component performance analysis. The simulation on tractor hydraulic system is obtained, and the synchronicity and periodicity of the whole machine movement are analyzed.


The Interchangeable Virtual Instrument (IVI) Foundation was formed in 1997 by Instrument manufacturers and integrators desiring the development of instrument driver models which would support instrument changes without requiring test program changes. This was to be accomplished by developing instrument classes and the specifications to define them. During the development process, the scope of the Foundation widened to include both IVI-C and IVI-COM driver interfaces. As the first group of driver specifications have been released and revised to include COM architecture, implementation questions have been raised by driver developers and system integrators. The Common Code Component Model Group was formed to address concerns of ownership and control of IVI software modules. This paper addresses the user community concerns on ownership, configuration control, release, compliance testing, and others. The IVI Foundation position on each of these concerns is explained. In addition, the status of the development effort will be addressed.


We consider confidence interval estimation for a binomial proportion when the data have already been observed and x, the observed number of successes in a sample of size n, is zero. In this case, the main objective of the investigator is usually to obtain a reasonable upper bound for the true probability of success, i.e., the upper limit of a one-sided confidence interval. In this article, we use observed interval length and p-confidence to evaluate eight methods for finding the upper limit of a confidence interval for a binomial proportion when x is known to be zero. Long-run properties such as expected interval length and coverage probability are not applicable because the sample data have already been observed. We show that many popular approximate methods that are known to have good long-run properties in the general setting perform poorly when x=0 and recommend that the Clopper-Pearson exact method be used instead.


The encounter between Lukacs'philosophy and ontological thought of Nicolai
Hartmann is a seldom tackled topic in philosophical historiography. The contact with
Hartmann's great ontological works played a key role in the genesis of Ontology of Social
Being, the work which has crowned the intellectual and political course of Lukacs. This
paper aims to clear up the deep affinity between two historical thoughts that all seemed to
separate. Hartmann cultivated a philosophia perennis above socio-historical contingences,
while Lukacs, an engaged philosopher in the battles of thecentury, built a work which was
saturated with Marxian thought. There are nevertheless significant links between them :
a critique of Husserlian phenomenology, a critique of neo-positivist currents and, above
all, strong rervation with regard to Heidegger.


The studies were carried out on 614 animals slaughtered in winter and summer seasons. After slaughter and post-slaughter processing the carcasses were evaluated according to EUROP system. The meat pH and its colour were determined in m. longissimus thoracis after 48 hours of chilling. A significant effect of cattle category, season of slaughter and interactions between them on meat pH was found. High pH values were observed mainly in the summer season in the groups of young bulls (A) (6.1) and bulls (B) (6.07). Slightly lower values 5.94 and 5.65, respectively, were observed in both above-mentioned groups in winter. Meat collected from heifers was characterized by proper pH in both analysed seasons whereas meat obtained from cows had pH values above 5.8, independently of the season of slaughter. The differences in colour lightness L* observed among all analysed cattle categories were statistically highly significant (P < 0.0001). The brightest red meat was obtained from heifers and the darkest from cows. The differences between young bulls and bulls in the same slaughter seasons were not large despite considerable variation in the age of slaughtered animals, especially in the summer season. Distinctly higher values of L* (brighter red meat) were found in the winter season in all cattle categories excluding meat from cows in which L* in summer was slightly higher than in winter. The differences in L* between seasons as well as the interaction of cattle category × slaughter season were statistically highly significant (P < 0.0001). For the remaining colour parameters (a*, b*) higher values were also observed in winter compared to summer in all cattle categories. The highest values of a* and b* were found in bulls.


Abstract Background: Thyromegaly & thyroid nodules are commonly encountered problems in clinical practice. The most widely used method for the diagnosis of thyroid enlargement & thyroid nodules is palpation. However, large epidemiological studies have shown that ultrasonography (US) is a more sensitive tool. Accordingly, this study was designed to compare physical examination (PE) versus ultrasonography as screening methods of thyroid disorders namely thyromegaly and/or thyroid nodules among apparently healthy Alexandria population. Subjects & Methods: The study included 998 individuals; 543 females & 455 males with a mean age of 24.2±4.6 years, selected from the normal Alexandria population. Goiter is not considered endemic in our area. All cases were examined clinically by two examiners to avoid inter-observer variation. US evaluation of the thyroid gland was carried out by the same person. Enrolled cases were classified as normal, diffuse goiter, solitary & multinodular goiter according to PE & US. Serum TSH, TT3, TT4 & TPOAbs were withdrawn in cases with positive findings either by PE or/ & US. FNAB of thyroid nodules were done whenever indicated. Results: Two hundred and one cases had positive findings by PE (9.2%), US (19.7%) or both, with a superiority of US in the detection of abnormal morphological findings of 2.2 folds as compared to PE. It was observed that only 36.3% of cases with positive findings were consistent by the two modalities of examination, while 63.7 % of cases were either missed or misinterpreted by PE. 103 /175 nodules detected by US were missed by PE, the smaller, the higher the probability to be missed, even only 46 % of nodules > 2 cms were felt by thyroid palpation. Nineteen percent of cases with nodular thyroid by US suffered from subclinical hypothyroidism; ten cases were seropositive to TPOAbs. Nine percent of 998 cases had US features of thyroiditis; fifty-five cases suffered from hypothyroidism; 81% were seropositive to TPOAbs. Ten percent of cases had evidence of thyromegaly by US. 22/68 cases with thyroid nodules were candidates for FNAC. The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer was 7% by gross pathology. Conclusions: Ultrasonography should be used as a complementary method to physical examination in the screening of thyroid disorders owing its added value. Initial diagnosis based on physical examination may be altered after performing US evidenced by 36.6% consistency of our results by PE & US, while 63.3% of cases were either missed or misinterpreted. Thyroid nodules are commonly missed by PE; the smaller the nodules the higher the probability to be missed. Thyroid hypoechogenicity & heterogenicity by US may serve as a marker for AITD and prediction of present & future thyroid dysfunction.


An investigation was made of the pressure-broadened infrared line shapes of HF and HCl diluted with 1–100 atm of argon. An optical parametric oscillator was used to record the lines. The absorption spectra of HF (P2-P4 lines) and HCl (R1-R4 lines) were obtained and the dependences of the line half-width on the argon pressure were determined. The results obtained were compared with theory.


1. Purpose and Coverage ............................................................................................................................ 3 2. Background to the PRS process in Latin America and Caribbean ..................................... 3 3. Government ownership ......................................................................................................................... 4 4. Stakeholder engagement ......................................................................................................................... 6 5. Budget processes and PRSP links ...................................................................................................... 9 6. Monitoring and evaluation ..................................................................................................................... 9 7. Donor behaviour ..................................................................................................................................... 10 8. Aid instruments ....................................................................................................................................... 12 9. Non-HIPC countries in LAC embarking on a PRS process .............................................. 13 10. Emerging lessons and forward looking issues for HIPC countries .............................. 13 Endnotes ............................................................................................................................................................. 14


Considering of the international development trend of the casting industry and the domestic market demand of the mold casting pattern materials(mold casting waxes),a new concoction technology for producing low, middle temperature series mold casting pattern materials are developed.Experimental results show that the new technology can produce products with better quality reliability and repeatability,and can enhance the product addition value of petroleum wax.


In the first part of this work, the empirical correlation of stellar surface brightness FV with (Ic−K) broad-band colour is investigated by using a sample of stars cooler than the Sun. A bilinear correlation is found to represent well the brightness of G, K and M giant stars. The change in slope occurs at (Ic−K)∼2.1 or at about the transition from K to M spectral types. The same relationship is also investigated for dwarf stars and found to be distinctly different from that of the giants. The dwarf star correlation differs by an average of −0.4 in (Ic−K) or by a maximum in FV of ∼−0.1, positioning it below that of the giants, with both trends tending towards convergence for the hotter stars in our sample. The flux distribution derived from the FV−(Ic−K) relationship for the giant stars, together with that derived from an FV−(V−K) relationship and the blackbody flux distribution, is then utilized to compute synthetic light V and colour (V−R)c, (V−I)c and (V−K) curves of cool spotted stars. We investigate the effects on the amplitudes of the curves by using these FV–colour relations and by assuming the effective gravity of the spots to be lower than the gravity of the unspotted photosphere. We find that the amplitudes produced by using the FV−(Ic−K) relationship are larger than those produced by the other two brightness correlations, meaning smaller and/or warmer spots.


This is a survey developed along the Academic Masters in health care sciences that have as an
object of study the hearing health care in urban bus drivers, since the hearing health is one of
the fundamental aspects to human communication. The survey was based on theoretical
assumptions of the hearing, in the area of workers' health and the prospect of health care
because care of workers' health is seeking spaces and healthy working conditions causing
their daily activity to become less and less harmful, both in physical and psychic field. The
objectives of the study were to: identify the existence of variation in auditory thresholds of
bus drivers through the occupational audiometries over three consecutive years; verify the
knowledge of urban bus drivers in relation to risks of exposure to noise and about the care of
their health hearing; describe the company's Hearing Conservation program of Collective
Transport; and discuss actions of hearing health care to compose the Hearing Conservation
program. The methodological approach used was a case studied in a public transportation
company located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The characterization of the observational study
is of a kind cohort, which means the selection of individuals as the exposure status, being
monitored with a view to assessing the incidence of the disease. For analysis of the statistical
data were used as methods: Friedman's ANOVA to verify the existence of significant
variation in audiometries, over three consecutive years; multiple comparisons testing
Nemenyi, to identify which year that have significant differences between themselves; and
testing of flagged posts of Wilcoxon to verify the existence of variation in audiometry
between the ears, right and left. This research was approved by the Ethics Committee and
University Hospital Research Antonio Pedro of the Universidade Federal Fluminense
(HUAPUFF) under CAAE-6141.0.000.258-10. Search results show that there are variations in
the auditory thresholds of bus drivers over three consecutive years, separately, by ear.
Comparing left and right ear thresholds observed that the right ear did not present significant
differences in frequencies of audiometric tests conducted, analyzed but the left ear presented
significant differences in three frequencies (500 Hz, 1000 Hz and 3000 Hz). According to the
classification of the Gatehouse 19, it showed that there was a reduction in the number of
drivers with reference examination within the bounds of normality, in relation to the third year
observed (sequential examination). Please note that the occurrence of the trigger or worsen
ratings for Noise-induced hearing loss (PAIR) were not identified in the sample evaluated. It
is noteworthy that the bus drivers mostly do not have knowledge about the risks of exposure
and hearing health care, from lack of information. This study points out that the actions of the
audiologist through careful actions entered in the Hearing Conservation program is essential
to promote hearing health in the working environment.


(54) METHOD OF FORMATION OF Related U.S. Application Data MICROSTAMPED PATTERNS OF PLATES FOR ADHESION OF CELLS AND OTHER (63) Continuation of application No. 09/373,334, filed on BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS, DEVICES AND Aug. 12, 1999, now Pat. No. 6,368,838, which is a USES THEREFOR continuation of application No. 08/951,886, filed on Oct. 16, 1997, now Pat. No. 5,976,826, which is a (76) Inventors: Rahul Singhvi, Cambridge, MA (US); continuation of application No. 08/659,537, filed on Amit Kumar, Sacramento, CA (US); Jun. 6, 1996, now Pat. No. 5,776,748, which is a George M. Whitesides, Newton, MA continuation of application No. 08/131,838, filed on (US); Donald E. Ingber, Boston, MA Oct. 4, 1993, now abandoned. (US); Gabriel P. Lopez, Albuquerque, NM (US); Daniel I. C. Wang, Belmont, Publication Classification MA (US); Gregory N. Stephanopoulos, Winchester, MA (US) (51) Int. Cl." ....................................................... C12N 5/02 (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 435/395 Correspondence Address: WOLF GREENFIELD & SACKS, PC (57) ABSTRACT FEDERAL RESERVE PLAZA The invention provides a device for adhering cells in a 600 ATLANTIC AVENUE Specific and predetermined position, and associated meth BOSTON, MA 02210-2211 (US) ods. The device includes a plate defining a Surface and a plurality of cytophilic islands that adhere cells, isolated by (21) Appl. No.: 10/032,280 cytophobic regions to which cells do not adhere, contiguous with the cytophilic islands. The islands or the regions or both (22) Filed: Dec. 21, 2001 may be formed of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM).


Synopsis : In the production of 80 kgf/mm2 grade steel plate with high toughtness by direct-quenching and tempering (DQ-T) process, optimum amounts of B in steel plate is indispensable. Because, if the plate does not contain that, the tensile strength of plate is not necessarily higher than that of reheat-quenched and tempered plate. And, optimum amounts of B are changed by parameters of DQ-T process such as slab reheat, and finish-rolling temperatures and plate chemistry. In this paper, an investigation has been made on the effect of B behavior and change in ƒÁ -grains during the period between finish-rolling and quenching on the plate tensile strength. In particular, existing state and distribution of B were observed by using modified autoradiography (modified FTE technique) which can clearly show B-distribution at the ƒÁ-grain boundary and ƒÁ-grain matrix. Boron-distribution and ƒÁ-grain structure dynamically change depending on the time from finish of rolling to quenching, and this results in change in the hardenability of plate. Enough segregation of solute B at recrystallized ƒÁ-grain boundaries increases the hardenability of plate. Whereas the formation of fine precipitate of B conpounds within recrystallized ƒÁ -grain and at grain boundaries lowers the hardenability of


A writer whose works are rejected by the state publishing houses takes a job on a street-sweeping gang in Prague. His co-workers provide him with a new and unsettling view of this city and his society. This book evokes the fate of the creative artist under a repressive regime.


Profits can be maximised by applying rigour to pumping system optimisation and water management on mining operations. However, not all mines have adopted this method, yet.


It has been 10 years since the BRCA1 gene was first identified. During this decade, genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility has been incorporated into the practice of oncology. In this process, the identification of families at the highest hereditary risk for cancer has served as a model to test strategies for prevention or early detection of breast malignancies. An emerging literature has explored primary prevention through risk reducing surgery and chemoprevention, as well as secondary prevention utilizing such approaches as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to achieve early detection of breast cancer in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Tailored treatments are being explored for newly diagnosed women with BRCA mutations. Ultimately, individual risk estimates and clinical management plans will be generated for women carrying BRCA mutations, based on consideration of the particular mutation inherited and also on the presence of modifying genetic and environmental factors. Both BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in the cellular response to DNA damage and interact with other proteins involved in double-stranded DNA repair. The effects of inherited mutations in these genes are similar, and mutations of both types predispose carriers to female and male breast cancer, and to ovarian cancer. The risk of male breast cancer is higher in BRCA2 carriers; ovarian cancer risk is higher in those carrying BRCA1 mutations. In addition, BRCA2 mutations appear to predispose both men and women to a wide range of other cancer types. The reasons for these tissue-specific differences between the two genes is not clear.


A power transmission operating pedal in a motorcycle, wherein a base end of a pedal arm is fixedly secured to a power transmission operating shaft projecting from a lateral surface of a power transmission casing, and the other end thereof is joined with a pedal through a vertical shaft in a manner to be collapsible only in the backward direction, and wherein an elastic member is provided along the pedal arm to maintain the pedal at its pedalling position by its restitutive action.


The present investigation called the familiar inclusion in the academic performance of the students of the tenth parallel year A and B, the same that was carried out in the Educational Unit Manuel Agustin Cabrera Lozano and the Intervention of the Social Worker, fulfills the specific objectives that allowed theoretically to base the categories of analysis in relation to the object of study, determine the causes and consequences that impede the process of family inclusion in academic performance, in order to strengthen the influence of the insertion of the family in the process students through different alternatives that allow sensitize the family in such a way that it becomes aware of the importance it has in the formation and involvement of their children this is about fulfilling the obligations within the home, to share their necessary time, to attend and to accompany in the different academic or cultural activities, educating in values, principles, support, affection without forgetting that the home is the main institution to be formed and developed in an integral manner, which will help the student to improve their performance as a result of a good result in the academic performance
The results obtained from the present investigation show that the main causes, which prevent the inclusion of the family in the process of academic performance, are due to the work reasons of the parents because they do not pass into their homes. that prevents not dedicating the necessary time to dialogue and insert in the different academic, social and emotional activities of their daughters which brings as a consequence low self-esteem, disinterest in studying, poor performance, low levels of communication and demotivation.
Within this research process, the applied methodology was oriented to the scientific, inductive, analytical and statistical method applied to the educational trilogy, which allowed direct contact
5
to become part of direct actors allowing the collection of clear and precise information about the Little family inclusion in the student's academic process.
The techniques used were: the surveys applied to 50 students, 50 mothers and fathers of family and an interview applied to 8 teachers; through the interview guide and a questionnaire based on multiple choice and open questions that allowed obtaining relevant information about family inclusion in academic performance.
Finally, it was considered appropriate to present a proposal for social intervention from the perspective of Social Work in order to strengthen family inclusion and academic performance of students, which includes different activities and strategies that help the equitable work of the educational trilogy where The family is the one who leads the education from home and does not necessarily wait for the educational institution.


In this study we estimated the structural parameters of (water+propylene glycol)/sucrose esters/(benzaldhyde+ethanol) systems. The weight ratios of water/propylene glycol and that of benzaldhyde/ethanol equal 2 and 1, respectively. The sucrose esters were sucrose laurates (L595, L1695, and SM1200), sucrose myristate (M1695), sucrose palmitate (P1670), sucrose oleate (O1570), and sucrose stearate (S1570). The pseudoternary phase behavior at 37°C was explored to determine the extension of the microemulsion phase regions. A one‐phase microemulsion region extending from the oil rich region to the water rich corner was observed in these systems. It was found that minor changes in the surfactant chain length, structure, and composition suffice to provoke a considerable change in the aggregation number, core radius and interfacial area per surfactant and cosurfactant molecules head groups in the formed microemulsions. The interfacial area per surfactant head group decreases with the increase in the surfactant chain length. For a sucrose ester with a given chain length the interfacial area per surfactant head group decreases with the increase in the surfactant monoester content. The interfacial area per surfactant head group increases with the increase in the surfactant concentration and the water core volume in the formulated microemulsions.


Background:HIV infection per se and HAART can alter mitochondrial functionality, leading to a decrease in mitochondrial DNA content. Objective:To evaluate whether treatment interruption monitored by CD4 cell count can restore mitochondrial DNA content in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Methods:Mitochondrial DNA content was measured in platelet-free CD4 and CD8 T cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction; flow cytometry was used to identify and quantify activated CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. Results:The 30 patients had been treated for a mean of 107 months (range, 27–197). Median CD4 cell count at discontinuation was 702 cells/μl (range, 547–798). Median observational time from HAART discontinuation was 11.3 months (range, 4–26). Discontinuation of treatment provoked significant increases in mitochondrial DNA in CD8 T cells, which started only 6 months after therapy discontinuation [5.12 copies/cell per month from 0 to 6 months (P = 0.37) and 26.96 copies/cell per month from 6 to 12 months (P < 0.0001)]. Conclusions:This study is the first showing that mitochondrial DNA content can increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes during treatment interruption, but only after at least 6 months of interruption. Consequently, interruptions of shorter periods, whether by clinician or patient decision, are unlikely to allow restoration of mitochondrial DNA and so decrease HAART-related toxicity.


MINDO/3 and CNDO/2 calculations have been performed to obtain dipole momentsof O-,m-,p-MNT,2,5-,2,4-,2,5-,2,6-,3,4-,3,5-DNT,2,3,4- 2,3,5-,2,3,6-,2,4,5-2,4,6- and 3,4,5-TNT at their equilibrium geometries.The dipole moments in CC1_4 for thethree isomers of MNT and the six isomers of DNT have been determined with refraction me-thod.A linear relationship between the calculated and experimental values of dipole momentswith linear correlation coefficient 0.996 was found.In addition,estimation of the dipolemoments of the title nitrotoluenes from the dipole moments of toluene and nitrobenzene hasshown to be followed by vector summation rule.


Abstract Sampling techniques for all life stages of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), were developed and their precision and accuracy evaluated. Reliable estimates were obtained for the egg and larval stages (standard error < 10%), but at the low population levels often encountered in the pupal and adult stages it was necessary to accept a lower level of precision (S.E. ≏ 25%). Eggs and larvae were uniformly distributed within trees. Variation between tree quadrants, and sections at different radii from the trunk, showed that stratification within trees was necessary for reliable estimation of the later stages. Predators acting in a heterogeneous environment under the trees were considered to be the major contributors to this variation. The most consistent source of variation was that between trees.


Weare partners in a teaching practice. Over a period of time we have become aware that some medical students and young doctors lack motivation and commitment and this has caused us to speculate about the original selection process. In the United Kingdom, medical student selection is based on the information contained on UCCA forms (Universities Central Council on Admissions) and usually an interview. By contrast, a young man expressing an interest in a short service commission in the British Army is subjected to a prolonged selection procedure. This can include a preselection two month course, a three day selection board (Regular Commission Board), three month outward bound type course, and continuous assessment whilst an Officer Cadet with the option of discharge at any time. Compare this with the often perfunctory procedure applied to the medical student 'commissioned' for life. The contrast is startling and the insight contributed to our interest in the problems associated with the selection of medical students.


Judged in terms of its religious import, the Reformation, initiated by Martin Luther, redefined the secular and the sacred or holy. The extravagant religious foliage of the late medieval world was radically reduced. The progressive secularization of the West received a mighty impetus that has been shaping our culture ever since. To understand Luther's massive contribution to this development, according to his own intention, presents enormous and intricate problems. Yet, by clarifying terminology, applying new concepts, and mapping out new areas for consideration, we may constructively reconsider the problem of Luther and secularization. The idea of creation ex nihilo as that act by which God brings into being a universe that is entirely other than himself would appear to have laid the ground for perceiving the world as neutral, secular, and open to both empirical and rational manipulation. In liberating humanity from divinities hidden in the world of nature and recognizing the world for itself as only world, Christianity introduced secularization into the intellectual constitution of western culture (O'Connor and Oakley, 54-83, 107-20; Gogarten, 138). The recognition of a transcendent, all-powerful creator God and the world as his creature provided Christianity with a vector for the disenchantment or undemonizing of the universe and thus made possible the brilliant intellectual breakthrough of the seventeenth-century Scientific Revolution. Nevertheless Christianity harbored ambivalences that served to mute the secularizing impact of one aspect of Judaism. For the historical formulation of the idea of creation ex nihilo, not to mention its implication, is indeed a late-comer to Judaism, and Christianity is a good deal more that just the fact of a sovereign God. Christianity is the Law and the prophets, as mediated through the Septuagint of Hellenized Judaism. It is Jesus of Nazareth. It is the Christ and late Jewish


We find evidence that neighbors apply an important economic force on households' mortgage choices. We use household mortgage data, precisely geolocated real estate data, and a recently developed research design to identify the existence of social influence effects in three important household mortgage choices. We test for social influence by estimating the effect of hyperlocal block peers (i.e., neighbors living on the same block) over and above the effect of neighborhood peers (i.e., neighbors living on the same or adjacent blocks). Assuming that households can choose in which neighborhood to live but not on which specific block, block peers, conditional on neighborhood peers, are as if randomly assigned. We find that households are 2% to 5% more likely to choose a particular lender, 1.5% more likely to choose an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM), and 9.8% more likely to refinance if the share of their block-neighbors with that lender, with an ARM, or who have recently refinanced increases by ten percentage points, respectively. To provide further evidence for our hypothesis, we apply our research design to two groups: households moving to new neighborhoods and households who own but do not occupy second and third homes. We find that movers are not initially affected by their hyperlocal peers, but become so over time. Non-occupant owners' decisions about their second and third properties are never influenced by the households that live around the property but are influenced by the neighbors at their primary residence, even when their primary residence is miles away from their second or third home. Finally, we complement these empirical strategies in the lab by experimentally assigning peers and peer decisions in a variety of ways. We conclude that hyperlocal peers have an economically significant impact on how households make their own mortgage decisions.


The evaluation method for pumped-storage power plant's (PSPP) benefits to power system is presented.The static benefit and dynamic benefit of PSPP are studied through comparing the changes of power expansion plan and operation method with or without PSPP project.


The research method was quasi experiment. The purpose of this research was to know whether any difference in student's mathematical communication ability in cooperative learning Think–Talk–Write (TTW) type with Numbered Head Together (NHT) type.
The population of this research was all students at SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam. The sample was two classes which each consist of 36 students, VII A as experimental class I which taught by cooperative learning model type TTW and VII B as experimental class II which taught by cooperative learning model type NHT. The sample was taken by cluster random sampling. Collecting data technique of this research was mathematical comunication ability test that was given in the end of learning either in experimental class I or experimental class II. The type of this test was essay test.
Before doing hypothesis test, it would be done normality and homogeneity test beforehand. From the result of those tests, sample was taken from normal distributed and homogeneous variance. From the data analysis of each of experimental class were obtained that the average of posttest score in TTW classroom is higher than in NHT classroom. It was also obtained that score of mathematical communication indicators in TTW classroom is higher than in NHT classroom. From the data analysis of posttest score by using t-test with significance level α = 0.05, then it was obtained that tcalculated = 4.687 and ttable = 1.667. It means that tcalculated > ttable then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.
So, it can be concluded that there is difference of student's mathematical communication ability who taught by cooperative learning model type TTW with NHT at SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam. Based on research that has been done, mathematics teachers are suggested to use cooperative learning model type TTW or NHT as learning model alternative in improving student's mathematical communication ability.


It is well-known among religious scholars that texts should be approached according to their surface level meanings indicated by their corresponding signifiers in language to interpret the text. Otherwise, one has to provide evidence or an epithet that would admit the interpretation that can be rendered possible by the signifier itself, provided that the new interpretation does not contradict well-established meanings in Quran and Sunnah. The phenomenon of interpretation has been introduced to the religious text ever since Muslims tried to understand the meaning of the Holy Quran and to infer rulings from it.
Interpretation was also a mean to delve through the text and uncover its expressive potential. It has also broadened the scope of the text in order to account for the new details in life and has provided room for seeking a compromise between the views and the texts that might seem to be contradictory.
Many deviant sects who had been led astray along with their supporters found in their odd and deviant interpretation of texts chances to voice their errant views, transgressed the norms of evident meanings of words, distorted the signification. In response to those attempts by the deviant and corrupt groups, religious scholars of all types stood up and explained the true meaning, scope and evidence of "interpretation" and laid down the foundations and rules that govern proper correct interpretation in order to prevent deviation and invention in religion "bid'ia" and to stop those who try to transgress the borders to sound and proper signification of language.
Here one has to differentiate between 'interpretation" in the sense of explanation used by interpreters of the Quran, who provide evidence of all explanations or interpretations they give on the basis of correct evidence, and "interpretation" in the sense of obeying one's whims, wishes, obsession and false belief, where a deviant compatible with his false beliefs and whims adopting "pseudo-evidence" which can be easily proved to be wrong as was the case with the deviant sect "Al-batiniyyah" and their followers in interpreting the Hadeeth.


Objective To check the nursing result that the building mode applied in the obstetrics. Methods The reform of checking the building mode at my obstetrics in the hospital was executed in May,2013. Questionnaire was carried out to check building mode of curing and protecting satisfaction and nursing quality comprehensive index sign. Results The observation of satisfaction,nursing quality and an index sign all obviously were better than matched control,and the difference has statistics. Conclusion Integrated care rounds check mode can protect communication cooperation,raise to cure the work efficiency of protecting the team,evade nursing risk,raise nursing work satisfaction,and make the sufferer acquire a better clinical final outcome.


&dquo; Formgeschichte &dquo; '. It was a sharp and welcome challenge to the school of thought which at that time dominated New Testament scholarship. The protagonists of Form Criticism claimed that they had demonstrated that the material in the gospels had been so shaped by the early Church that any historical element in it was no longer recoverable. Riesenfeld denied that there was any evidence of the existence of ' such an anonymous creative generation '. He argued that since Jesus was known as a rabbi it is probable that he followed normal rabbinic practices. For this reason he would insist on his disciples memorizing the main items of his teaching. They would, therefore, be well prepared to pass on accurately the substance of what Jesus taught. On these grounds he claimed


Spectral absorption data from crystals of composition KMg1—xNixF3 and KZnF3 (1% Ni2+) are reported. It is deduced, from a comparison of the spin—orbit energies at 20°K, that the excited states are only weakly perturbed by exchange interactions. The effect on the ground state is relatively large and it is stabilized by about 170 cm−1. Absorption by ion pairs and larger clusters has been observed in the near‐infrared magneticdipole transition. The mechanisms of the various electronic transitions have been studied and the vibrational structure of the electric‐dipole bands interpreted. The four perturbing k = 0 phonon modes observed in the KNiF3 spectrum are split in the dilute crystal spectra and correspond to localized vibrations. The mechanism of the transition to the 1Eg state has been discussed and it is concluded that it can be described as a single‐ion excitation which involves strong vibronic spin—orbit coupling with the nearby 3T1ga state.


Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash has been classified as hazardous waste in China because of the leachable toxic heavy metals and high concentrations of chlorides and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Currently, the main treatment method is still landfilling after chemical treatment or cement solidification, and an effective approach to realize fly ash utilization is still lacking. In the present work, the fly ash was firstly water-washed to remove the soluble chlorine salts, which can improve the performance of the produced cement mortar in later work. Mechanochemical pre-treatment was adopted to destroy the PCDD/Fs and improve the heavy metals' stabilization. The results show that 75% of PCDD/Fs can be degraded and that most of the heavy metals are stabilized. After the mechanochemical pre-treatment, the average particle size of the fly ash decreases to 2–5 μm, which is beneficial for promoting the activation energy and accelerating the hydration process in cement mortar production. The compressive and flexural strengths of the fly ash cement mortar improve to 6.2 MPa and 32.4 MPa, respectively, when 35% of the OPC is replaced by treated fly ash. The similarity in the 3-day and 28-day strength with or without the addition of the treated ash shows the light influence of the fly ash addition. Thus, the mechanochemical process can stabilize the heavy metals and activate the fly ash, allowing it to partly substitute ordinary Portland cement in building materials, such as cement raw materials and concrete.


This paper presents a discussion of some methodological aspects of interpreting data that could be obtained with a spaceborne single frequency lidar. The case is considered when the lidar return signals are recorded in analog regime. Some possibilities of using such data in combination with the data obtained using passive techniques of sounding the atmosphere are also discussed in this paper. We also present in this paper some results of a closed numerical experiment on sensing stratiformis and some types of the underlying surface with a lidar from space. Interpretation of data obtained with a spaceborne range finder is also discussed.


This experiment was conducted with local Sinai laying hens to determine the requirements of methionine ( Meth ) and total sulfur amino acids ( TSAA ) supplementation to layer diets with four levels of Meth ( 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15%) which offer 0.29 (negative control), 0.34 (positive control), 0.38 and 0.44% Meth corresponding to 0.55, 0.60, 0.65 and 0.70%TSAA. The studied traits were laying performance, egg quality, reproductive traits, blood parameters, nutrients digestibility and economic efficiency. A total number of 132 local Sinai birds (120 ♀ + 12 ♂) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments (3 replicates per treatment). from 42-58 weeks of age. The results indicated that change in body weight of hens fed diets containing 0.44% Meth (0.70%TSAA) was significantly higher than hens fed 0.29% Meth and 0.55%TSAA throughout the whole experimental period. Egg production was significantly increased by using 0.34 % and 0.38%Meth (0.60% and 0.65%TSAA, respectively). Egg mass of hens receiving diet supplemented with 0.34% Meth (0.6%TSAA) was significantly higher than egg mass of hens receiving diet with 0.29% Meth (0.55%TSAA). The best feed conversion ratio obtained by feeding hens diet containing 0.34% Meth (0.6%TSAA). Egg weight and egg quality was not affected by the different levels of Meth and TSAA except HU where the high level of Meth (0.44%) significantly increased HU compared to the negative control.


Objective: To describe the dynamics of HIV transmission in stable sexual partnerships in rural Tanzania. Design: Retrospective cohort study nested within community‐randomized trial to investigate the impact of a sexually transmitted disease treatment program. Methods: A cohort of 1802 couples was followed up for 2 years, with the HIV status of each couple assessed at baseline and follow‐up. Results: At baseline, 96.7% of couples were concordant‐negative, 0.9% were concordant‐positive, 1.2% were discordant with the male partner being HIV‐positive, and 1.2% were discordant with the female partner being HIV‐positive. Individuals living with an HIV‐positive partner were more likely to be HIV‐positive at baseline (women: odds ratio [OR] = 75.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.4‐172; men: OR = 62.4, CI: 28.5‐137). Seroincidence rates in discordant couples were 10 per 100 person‐years (py) and 5 per 100 py for women and men, respectively (rate ratio [RR] = 2.0, CI: 0.28‐22.1). In concordant‐negative couples, seroincidence rates were 0.17 per 100 py in women and 0.45 per 100 py in men (RR = 0.38, CI: 0.12‐1.04). Individuals living in discordant couples were at a greatly increased risk of infection compared with individuals in concordant‐negative couples (RR = 57.9, CI: 12.0‐244 for women; RR = 11.0, CI: 1.2‐47.5 for men). Conclusion: Men were more likely than women to introduce HIV infection in concordant‐negative partnerships. In discordant couples, incidence in HIV‐negative women was twice as high as in men. HIV‐negative individuals in discordant partnerships are at high risk of infection, and preventive interventions targeted at such individuals are urgently needed.


For the understanding of the developmental significance of various parts of the normal ventricular septum, 54 normal human embryos and 154 mature heart specimens showing different types of VSD's and AV canal malformation were studied. The pars interventriculare of the septum membranaceum is derived primarily from the right superior and inferior tubercles of the AV cushions. The pars atrioventriculare is formed by the closure of the bulboauricular canal. The posterior smooth septum is a result of the balanced growth of the margins of the interventricular foramen. The posterior trabeculated septum develops as a result of the expansion of the two ventricles on both its sides. The anterior portion of the crista, the conoventricular septum, is derived from the anterior portion of the conoventricular flange. The midportion of the crista represents the conus septum and it is derived from conus ridges 1 and 3. The parietal portion of the crista is derived from conus ridge 3.


The RFI asked specifically about merger presumptions. Among the recommendations in my recent article co-authored with Fiona Scott-Morton, we suggest that new HMGs roll back the "red zone" increases in the HHI level and delta HHI adopted in 2010 back to the levels in 1992 HMGs. That is, the 2500/200 red zone would be rolled back to 1800/100. The Agencies also might roll back the "green zone." We also proposed consideration of possible anticompetitive presumptions based on GUPPIs, acquisitions of maverick firms, and dominant firm acquisitions. Anticompetitive presumptions are needed for because the cost of false negatives are high since they can lead to long term competitive harms. False negatives are likely in merger litigation. Not only is prediction difficult, but merging parties anticipating increased profits from market power have very large stakes in winning and so are willing and able to dramatically outspend the


ARTICLE INFO Chronic kidney dissease and complex urinary tract infection in children with left renal agenesis : A case report Maria Ulfa*1, Tunjung Wibowo1, Desy Rusmawatiningtyas1, Kristia Hermawan1 1Department of Pediatric Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr.Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia *Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com


Communication, in this case, is based on the use of tools and involves reciprocal interaction between two parties. The use of mechanical ventilation in intensive care units generates patient-specific conditions that impede communication. A lack of communication between the nursing team and mechanically-ventilated patients is attributed to a variety of barriers and produces negative effects that can have an impact on the patient's recovery and comfort. Objective: The study was conducted to become familiar with the characteristics of communication between mechanically-ventilated patients and the nursing team. Method: The elements of the grounded theory method were applied to the analytical process, and focus groups of nurses and nursing technicians who provide care directly to mechanically-ventilated patients in an ICU were used to gather the data. Results: The findings provide a description of the main features of communication with these patients by identifying the ways and means of communicating used by the nursing team, the moments when communication occurs, and the benefits and barriers perceived by the participant group. However, it was not possible to establish a central category with the structures and definitions of the process within it, which will require new research. Conclusion: The findings are expected to contribute to the body of nursing knowledge and to help reinforce the management of care provided by ICU nursing teams.


Under proportional representation, New Zealand has frequently been governed by minority governments backed by a support party on matters of confidence and supply. This article seeks to analyze the 'policy influence differential' — the influence a party in government may exert, as opposed to the influence exerted by a support party in the context of New Zealand coalition politics. While individual personalities clearly influence the performance of minority coalition governments, parliamentary institutions and informal political norms shape New Zealand's policy influence differential. This article examines this topic in the context of the 1999-2002 Labour-Alliance government and analyses enactment of one particularly important piece of legislation. The policy influence differential remains substantial in New Zealand due to the persistence of first-past-the-post institutions and political culture. As a result, small parties pay a significant cost in policy influence when remaining outside government.


The research aims to find out the influence of NPK fertilizer dose and poc concentration of gamal leaves the best to increase the growth and yield of green beans. The method used is Complete Group Random Design with 9 treatments plus 1 control and 3 replays. The first factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer (N) with N1 200 kg/ha, N2 250 kg/ha, N3 300 kg/ha and the second factor is the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (P) with P1 20%, P2 30%, P3 40% plus control without NPK fertilizer and POC gamal leaves. The data was analyzed using diversity analysis (Anova) at a rate of 5%. To find out there is a real difference between the control and the treatment using Orthgonal Contras test at the level of 5% and when there is a noticeable difference between the treatment is carried out Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the level of 5%. The results showed there was an interaction between the dose of NPK fertilizer and the concentration of POC gamal leaves at the high parameters of plants (15 and 30 HST), the number of productive branches, flowering age, number of plant pods and the number of seeds per pod (third harvest) and seed weight (harvest 1 and 2). Npk fertilizer dose 250 kg / ha gives the best results on all parameters. The concentration of 30% POC gamal leaves gives the best results on all parameters.


Despite having different professions, the entrepreneur Steve Jobs and the film director Lars von Trier have one thing in common: they are both notorious for their outbursts of anger or irritation and for bringing about shifts in mood between disturbance and enthusiasm. Far from being a coincidence, this appears to be a result of their extraordinarily creative and innovative practices. As the co-founder and former CEO of Apple, Jobs is generally regarded as the 'icon of innovation', while von Trier is considered one of the most experimental directors of our time – the 'David Bowie of film-making', if you like.


A novel frequency reconfigurable patch antenna based on an agile feedline is presented. The proposed antenna is based on hexagonal-shaped patch antenna element. Frequency agility is realized with an agile microstrip feedline employing varactor diode. A hexagonal-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) is incorporated in the antenna's ground plane to make the design compact. Reactive loading is used for further compactness. The achieved results indicate that the proposed antenna provides frequency agile characteristics with wide continuous tunability from 1.41 to 2.26 GHz and stable gain patterns. The antenna is fabricated and measured to verify the design. The measured and simulated results show good agreement. Moreover, the proposed antenna has a planar structure with compact size of 40 × 40 mm2, making it a promising candidate for present wireless communication antenna systems, particularly in handheld devices.


SINCE THE INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN, the United States has utilized Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to locate, surveil and kill members of the Taliban, Al-Qaeda and its associated forces. Such killings have decimated the leadership of these groups and disrupted their operations. However, there are collateral effects from UAV killings including civilian deaths. These deaths increase resentment and hatred toward the US, which is channeled by terrorist groups to recruit new members and for local support. Moreover, targeted killings outside a combat zone have political and diplomatic consequences. This paper argues that the current uses of UAV are legal under international and domestic law. However, it proposes amended targeting criteria, greater transparency and increased checks on the executive branch for future use of UAVs. ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! * Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve, with duty at the International & Operational Law Division, Office of The Judge Advocate General; M.A., U.S. Army War College 2013; J.D., Hofstra University School of Law 1992; B.A., University of Delaware 1989. I extend my deepest thanks to Colonel Brett Weigle for his support and advice with writing this article, and to the editors and staff of the Pace International Law Review for their hard work preparing the article for publication. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Army, the United States Army Reserve, or the United States Government.


The quality of teachers influences the achievements of students. This study aimed to examine Chinese language teachers' self-efficacy and cultural dimension levels in a private tutoring educational institution in Bangkok, Thailand. This study was conducted using a mixed-methods design with quantitative results from 20 Chinese language teachers and qualitative interview findings of 16 participants (four teachers, six students, and four parents). The 9-point Likert scale instrument used in the study was based on Tschannen-Moran et al. (2001) teachers' self-efficacy scale (TSES) with additional questions about cultural dimension derived from GLOBE research's theory on culture and leadership. The study provides important insights into foreign language teachers' self-efficacy when teaching in Thailand. More importantly, it addresses issues facing private tutoring institutions and brings awareness for school leaders in improving their school management.  The study's findings indicated that Chinese language teachers in the selected institution had high self-efficacy and cultural dimension levels.


PURPOSE: A coupling structure of a space bar for a thermopan is provided to fix a space bar on a window sash frame with a simple connection without using an adhesive or a double-sided tape. CONSTITUTION: A coupling structure of a space bar for a thermopan includes a window sash frame having multiple coupling projections(11), multiple glasses(20A,20B) installed inside the window sash frame and space bars(30) installed respectively in between the multiple glasses and bonded to the coupling projections. The space bar includes a main body, an accommodating groove, a joint and moisture absorbent. The main body has a length corresponding to the window sash frame. The accommodating groove is formed on the upper surface of the main body corresponding to the length of the main body. The joint is formed to be protruded from the bottom surface of the main body and connected with the coupling projections. The moisture absorbent is filled into the accommodating groove and absorbs moisture.


It is our immense pleasure to virtually organize the conference on Future of Engineering systems and Technologies (FEST) during December 18-19, 2020 by 'Fusion and Integration of Science and Technology (FIST), New Delhi' in association with 'Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India'. The conference was organized in association with the dedicated faculty members from Amity University India, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar; National Institute of Technology Srinagar; Manipal University India and many other national/International reputed Institutes/Universities. The conference FEST 2020 aimed to provide a platform for scientists and engineers to share their research results, exchange ideas on engineering systems, theories, technologies and applications; and dissemination of knowledge among engineers, researchers, scientists and entrepreneurs. FEST 2020 also aimed to establish research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration. The conference had covered all the emerging research areas of engineering and technologies. List of Organizing Team (FEST 2020), COMMITTEE NAMES and this titles are available in this pdf.


Five out of 300 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma referred for pre-operative radioisotope imaging showed perfusion losses markedly in excess of regional ventilation impairment, a finding previously reported as being typical for pulmonary thrombeembolism.


ECG signals were recorded from isolated, Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts to establish the relationship between dominant frequency and myocardial perfusion during ventricular fibrillation. Lower perfusion rates produced faster rates of dominant frequency decline, to lower steady state values. Optically mapping the anterior epicardial surface demonstrated heterogeneity of dominant frequency in ventricular fibrillation. During low-flow ischaemia, the dominant frequency reduction was restricted to the left ventricle. Application of individual ischaemic components during ventricular fibrillation demonstrated that raised [K+]EC, but not hypoxia or acidic pHEC, reproduced the ischaemic reduction of dominant frequency in the ECG, pseudoECG and over the left ventricular epicardial surface. In contrast, minimum defibrillation energies were increased by hypoxia and acidic pHEC, and not by raised [K+]EC. The dominant frequency heterogeneity during ventricular fibrillation in low-flow ischaemia and raised [K+]EC was not due to differential prolongation of repolarisation or post-repolarisation refractoriness in the left ventricle. Monophasic action potential studies showed that APD90 was reduced to similar degrees in each ventricle by low-flow ischaemia and raised [K+]EC. Effective refractory period was not altered in either ventricle by either condition. Low-flow ischaemia decreased conduction velocity in the left, but not the right ventricle. Conduction velocities were unaltered by raised [K+]EC in either ventricle. The activation threshold of the left ventricle was increased in low-flow ischaemia and raised [K+]EC, whilst the threshold of the right ventricle was unchanged. The increased activation threshold was associated with decreased upstroke velocity and diastolic depolarisation.


TTHB—1 type warning device for the protection of railway section construction was developed according to certain design principles for protection warning devices.The warning device adopts rail-ground transmission mode to transmit the signals of the coming train.The transmission frequency is 20~40 kHz.When signals feed in rails,1 200 V,2 μF capacitor is used for isolation.Receiving signals enter the receiving system via band-pass filter.The receiving system adopts filter waves to amplify the signals.Narrowband receiving is designed for the inside of receiver.It can improve the signal-to-noise to over 3 and the receiving sensitivity can reach 10 μV.For single track section,a 3~5 min time delay switch is fixed on the receiver.For double track section,protection devices are installed separately in order to distinguish the direction of the coming trains.The volume and the weight of the device should be reduced as possible to make it miniaturization under the condition that it has perfect functions.The warning device can give in time voice warning to all the trains coming from both up and down directions beyond 1.5 km from the construction site so that construction safety can be guaranteed.Time after time multi-sectional warning tests have been carried out on construction sites.The warning device can normally give warning without exception.This project passed the appraisal for scientific and technological achievements at railway administration level in 2005.