The first λ3,λ5-tetraphosphete contains a 4π-electron four-membered ring as the central structural unit of a dispirocyclic system and can thus be classified as an analogue to diphosphetes and cyclodiphosphazenes. According to its crystal structure the central P4 unit exhibits not only P‒P bonds which are of equal length (P1‒P2 2,139(1) Å, P1‒P2A 2,142(1) Å), but also rhombic distortion (P1‒P2‒P1A 79,4(1)°, P2‒P1‒P2A 100,6(1)°).[1] Therefore its electronic structure cannot be described as 'Phosphacyclobutadiene' but either as a bis(ylide) or as a system with delocalized double bonds. After various quantum chemical calculations and an extensive examination of its reaction and coordination behavior failed to answer this question, we addressed the problem via a detailed analysis of its charge density distribution. The experimental charge density based on high resolution X-ray diffraction data collected at low temperature is determined by multipole least squares refinement using the program package XD2006.[2] In a first step, the static deformation density exhibits charge density which is located mainly outside of the P4 ring plane at the λ3-phosphorus atoms but simultaneously redistributed into the P‒P bond area. In addition to that, a study of its topological properties and an inspection of the Laplacian of the electron density according to Bader's 'Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules' (QTAIM)[3] further highlight the bonding features. They reveal polar Si‒N, Si‒C and P‒N bonds with a decreasing amount of electrostatic contribution as well as four valence shell charge concentrations (thus sp3 hybridization) at each of the phosphorus atoms. Finally supported by theoretical calculations, the results illustrate the unique bonding situation in the P4 unit combining a high ylidic character with unusual not exclusively sigma-like P‒P bonds.


We report on the unusual and counter-intuitive behaviour of spin lifetime of excitons in coupled semiconductor quantum wells (CQWs) in the presence of in-plane magnetic field. Instead of conventional acceleration of spin relaxation due to the Larmor precession of electron and hole spins we observe a strong increase of the spin relaxation time at low magnetic fields followed by saturation and decrease at higher fields. We argue that this non-monotonic spin relaxation dynamics is a fingerprint of the magnetic quantum confined Stark effect. In the presence of electric field along the CQW growth axis, an applied magnetic field efficiently suppresses the exciton spin coherence, due to inhomogeneous broadening of the $g$-factor distribution.


Abst ract : Constitutive theory of plasticity coupled with orthotropic damage for geomaterials was established in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics . Prime results include : 1) evolution laws are presented for coupled evolution of plasticity and orthotropic damage ; 2) the orthotropic damage tensor is introduced into the MohrCoulomb criterion through homogenization. Both the degradation of shear strength and degradation of friction angle caused by damage are included in this model . The dilatancy is calculated with the so-called damage strain.


In the Taxiarches church at Melies of Pelion, there is, among other interesting and rare wall paintings, a depiction of Saint Christopher dating from 1774. What is unusual about this painting is that the saint is depicted with the head of a dog. The common theme for representations of Saint Christopher is, as his name suggests, a tall man carrying Christ across a stream. The eastern tradition of the saint's Vita, refers to his origin from the race of the Cynocephali. This tradition was transferred to the west earlier than the 10th century and was transmitted by Irish monks to the British Isles. Only a couple of such depictions, however, survive there and few in the regions of the Orthodox Church, all from the 17th century onwards. By looking back on the ancient lore of the race of the Cynocephali, this article tries to identify the connection between the two iconographic traditions of Saint Christopher. The fresco is also linked to the iconographic program of the whole church as many of the themes are rar...


In this beautifully written account, John Thomas details an intimate portrait of the intellectual friendship between two commanding figures of western letters and the early environmental movement--Wallace Stegner and Bernard DeVoto. The authors of enormously popular works--Stegner most well known for his novels The Big Rock Candy Mountain and the Pulitzer Prize-winning Angle of Repose and DeVoto for his classic history of western exploration, The Course of Empire--they also played important roles in the efforts to stop government and private interests from carving up the vanishing West. Part of the fractious group of public intellectuals at Harvard that included Edmund Wilson, Mary McCarthy, and Arthur Schlesinger, Sr., they saw no contradiction between their literary and political selves and entered the public debate with conviction and passion. Drawing on their writings, personal correspondence, and dozens of articles from the pages of Harper's, where DeVoto was a columnist for years, this illuminating account demonstrates how their concerns for the western environment continue to resonate today.


This paper proposes applying optical wireless communications (OWC) for electrical equipment monitoring in high-voltage power grid. The fast development of power grid urgently requires reliable, efficient, and broadband wireless communication techniques for monitoring, protection, and control. High-voltage equipment and power-line, however, generate strong electro-magnetic (EM) field in its neighboring area. In this harsh environment, the performance of traditional radio-frequency (RF) wireless methods is significantly degraded, if not impossible. The authors developed an OWC system for this environment, which is able to satisfactorily solve the problem. Being different from the RF solutions, it uses light as the wireless information carrier to effectively resist electromagnetic interference (EMI). In order to further adapt this technique to the high-voltage situation, the authors developed and attached special isolation and self-powered supply modules to conventional OWC designs. The system was compared with a fiber system in the EM field of a 3kV converter. The results show OWC is able to provide satisfactory performance similar to a fiber system. In addition, it has exclusive advantages of being wireless, such as mobility, scalability and installation flexibility.


Evaporation and plasma formation due to laser irradiation and subsequent expansion of the evaporated volume accompanying shock emission were studied theoretically as a phenomenon of laser-induced thermal breakdown rather than an optic breakdown. In recent years, this problem has become particularly important in the field of laser-mediated surgery. The Gilmore model of bubble dynamics based on the Kirkwood–Bethe hypothesis with proper initial conditions was used to calculate the shock pressure. This pressure depends on the radius and expansion velocity of the plasma formed by the laser irradiation. Subsequent bubble evolution after shock departure including the light emission at the collapse point was studied using the Keller–Miksis equation for the bubble wall motion and analytical solutions for the vapor inside the bubble. Calculation results show that the maximum size of the bubble and the half-width of the emitted power of the light pulse at the collapse point depend on the initial bubble radius and the bubble wall velocity. The light emission from the laser-induced bubble at the collapse point turns out to be black body radiation.


Progress toward the development of an improved stability analysis tool, anchored by a combustion response model incorporating detailed flame-vortex dynamics, is presented through the modeling of a premixed, 2-D, rearward-facing step combustor. A global stability model was developed for this combustor using commercial finite element software, COMSOL Multiphysics, that integrated a 2-D reacting mean flow model, a thermoacoustic model, and a 1-D flame response model, derived from detailed experimental data acquired in this geometry. The accuracy of the integrated model was evaluated in the context of the 2-D combustor's unstable 150 Hz mode. The model predicted the mode to be linearly stable despite experimental observations to the contrary, but further analysis showed that the prediction was driven by the assumed characteristics of the flame response model. Areas for improvement in the flame dynamic model and the overall integrated model were identified and will be the focus of ongoing development efforts. I. Introduction YNAMIC instabilities in aerospace combustors are marked by high amplitude pressure oscillations and result from a coupling between combustion heat release fluctuations and the acoustic modes of the combustor. High frequency dynamic instabilities (hundreds to thousands of Hertz) are often manifested in strongly separated flows, as created by a bluff body or a sudden expansion, and were first identified in practical configurations in the 1950's. 1,2


A single action of an individual is highly influenced not only by personal interests and desires, but also by a complex network of social influences. Because of this vast outside social pressure within society, the legal ramifications of individual action must also be studied in a multidimensional way to incorporate these social values. One effective means to do so is to begin linking the socioeconomic paradigm into traditional legal study through the use of teaching simulations. This article brings forth a new method involving hand-on simulations and outlines its necessity within the legal sphere. Through these simulations, students are able to have an active and experiential concept of the way in which personal and social values influence reasonable action.


(57) Abstract: The present invention, chromosome transfer DNA via the use of (site-specific recombination sites (e.g., cyclic non-self-replicating DNA having a lambda The host cell chromosome, comprising a second site-specific recombination sites. If chromosome transfer DNA is introduced into a host cell, expression of the embedded enzymes such as integrase cause integration of chromosome transfer DNA into the host cell chromosome at the second recombination site.


Total Variation-Regularized Compressed Sensing Reconstruction for Multi-shell Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Jonathan I. Sperl, Tim Sprenger, Ek T. Tan, Vladimir Golkov, Marion I. Menzel, Christopher J. Hardy, and Luca Marinelli GE Global Research, Munich, BY, Germany, IMETUM, Technical University Munich, Munich, BY, Germany, GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States, Computer Vision Group, Technical University Munich, Munich, BY, Germany


Artificially contaminated water with aromatic compounds, including benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, was exposed to dense medium plasma ~DMP! environments in the presence of oxygen. This original plasma technique allows the volume exposure of liquid media to nascent plasma species under atmospheric pressure conditions. Analytical data resulting from gas chromatographic/mass spectroscopic evaluations of contaminated and plasma-exposed water, indicated that prior to any optimization the DMP technology can reduce contamination levels of 600-1,000 ppm to ppb values in treatment times as low as 1 min. It is suggested that hydroperoxide molecules generated as a result of the interaction of plasma-activated oxygen and water molecules, might play an essential role through the interaction of nascent OH free radicals with the contaminant molecules in the decontamination process. The reaction products ~hydrocarbons and oxidized derivatives! have a significantly lower concentration relative to the starting contaminants ~at least two to three orders of magnitude lower concentrations!. This original plasma technology opens up new highways for efficient decontamination of water both under batch-type and continuous-flow system modes.


In this paper empirical results are presented on the degree of consumer loyalty for food and grocery products at individual stores. The empirical data are derivedfrom a recently conducted consumer panel survey in Cardiff, UK. A measure of store loyalty based on expenditure at stores is used, and the relationship between store loyalty and the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of households, and the types of store which attract loyal buyers, are also considered.


This article is trying to explore participation, one of the crucial Good Governance elements, as one concept which is elaborated not only as a merely participating, but also containing an effort to control awareness to truly immerse in the whole political process. There should be a real red line between participating per se and participating with awareness. Just participation may be a form of pseudo participation, which is established on the basis of mobilization. Participation with awareness, on the other hand, is more contributing to create fundamental changes in political process. In the context of participation, this sort of understanding is really crucial. Besides, this article analyzes any forms of public participation in formulating policies to govern Indonesia, particularly the locals. Whether or not they have a direct correlation with wider public interests, they have to be proportionally appreciated, particularly after the application of local autonomy. This also plays a criticism towards the just participation in Indonesia, which has caused Indonesia to be left behind by developed countries due to the latter amazing political awareness. Development may be well running by depending on the government strength, but the result will be much better when the development fully obtain public support and participation.


Noise from a J-85 turbojet with a conical, convergent nozzle was measured in simulated flight in the ONERA S1 Wind Tunnel. Data are presented for several flight speeds up to 130 m/sec and for radiation angles of 40 to 160 degrees relative to the upstream direction. The jet was operated with subsonic and sonic exhaust speeds. A moving microphone on a 2 m sideline was used to survey the radiated sound field in the acoustically treated, closed test section. The data were extrapolated to a 122 m sideline by means of a multiple-sideline source-location method, which was used to identify the acoustic source regions, directivity patterns, and near field effects. The source-location method is described along with its advantages and disadvantages. Results indicate that the effects of simulated flight on J-85 noise are significant. At the maximum forward speed of 130 m/sec, the peak overall sound levels in the aft quadrant were attentuated approximately 10 dB relative to sound levels of the engine operated statically. As expected, the simulated flight and static data tended to merge in the forward quadrant as the radiation angle approached 40 degrees. There is evidence that internal engine or shock noise was important in the forward quadrant. The data are compared with published predictions for flight effects on pure jet noise and internal engine noise. A new empirical prediction is presented that relates the variation of internally generated engine noise or broadband shock noise to forward speed. Measured near field noise extrapolated to far field agrees reasonably well with data from similar engines tested statically outdoors, in flyover, in a wind tunnel, and on the Bertin Aerotrain. Anomalies in the results for the forward quadrant and for angles above 140 degrees are discussed. The multiple-sideline method proved to be cumbersome in this application, and it did not resolve all of the uncertainties associated with measurements of jet noise close to the jet. The simulation was complicated by wind-tunnel background noise and the propagation of low frequency sound around the circuit.


Coarse textile fibers were dirtied with a test material containing clay with or without the additional pcwdered thorium oxide. In the first case, the / sup 24/Na was measured after neutron activation. In the second case, the thorium was directly determined by halogen counters. The diriy samples were cleaned with either a moist or a dry procedure. For moist cleaning, both neutron activation and thorium addition yielded the same results. For dry cleaning, however, thorium indicated a much lower cleaning efficiency. The findings-demonstrated that the naturally radioactive elements could be used within limits as useful, harmless, and inexpensive tools. (HBG)


We consider a natural online optimization problem set on the real line. The state of the online algorithm at each integer time is a location on the real line. At each integer time, a convex function arrives online. In response, the online algorithm picks a new location. The cost paid by the online algorithm for this response is the distance moved plus the value of the function at the final destination. The objective is then to minimize the aggregate cost over all time. The motivating application is rightsizing power-proportional data centers. We give a 2-competitive algorithm for this problem. We also give a 3-competitive memoryless algorithm, and show that this is the best competitive ratio achievable by a deterministic memoryless algorithm. Finally we show that this online problem is strictly harder than the standard ski rental problem.


The battery market in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1977 is discussed. Research and development activities in Germany lie in three main areas: improvements in conventional battery systems and development of new auxiliary equipment; work on new aqueous, nonaqueous, and solid systems for various applications; and the evaluation and development of future battery systems. Funding sources for research are sketched. (RWR)


An instrument for pumping data collection based on single chip microcomputer is introduced.It is used for its convenience and flexibility.The function,the desigin of hardware and solftware are indroduced too.Practical application shows that this system has strong anti-interference ability,stable performance.


Isopiestic measurements have been made on aqueous solutions of Sky Blue FF and of sodium polymethacrylate, and the relevant activity coefficients estimated.


The earlier developed molecular dynamics approach is used to simulate the thin film glancing angle deposition. The deposition at glancing angles is used for the production of optical thin films with low refractive indices. Both low-energy and high-energy deposition processes are considered for the case of silicon dioxide thin films. It is revealed that glancing angle low-energy deposition forms silicon dioxide films with low densities of about 1,5 g/cm3 and low refractive indices. Density profiles of growing films essentially depend on the initial conditions of the deposition process. The density of high-energy deposited films achieves 2,4 g/cm3. This value is close to that obtained before in the case of normal incidence deposition.


Blood donors are required to meet several criteria which are intended to ensure that safe blood is made available for transfusion as well as keeping the donor safe. Plasma glucose levels may be altered immediately after blood donation. However, since plasma glucose testing is not part of the screening tests, individuals who may have low or high plasma glucose levels are likely to be passed fit to donate. This may be detrimental to their health. The objective of the study was to measure the random plasma glucose (RPG) levels in blood donors before and after donation and determine whether there is any significant change in their levels. Samples were obtained from the Accra Area Blood Centre (AABC) at the Korle-Bu teaching Hospital. Two hundred (200) subjects were recruited who were healthy individuals between the ages of 18-52 years who had satisfied the donor criteria set by the AABC. Pre-and-post donation RPG level for each sample was determined using the VitaLab Junior Selectra Clinical Chemistry analyzer. Majority of the subjects were in the age-range of 21-30 years and there were more males than females. The mean RPG concentration before donation was 5.70±2.24 mmol/l and 9.07±6.48 mmol/l afterwards. 95% confidence interval was used and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The findings indicate that the level of RPG is altered (mostly elevated) after blood donation. Knowing pre-donation glucose levels may therefore be important in keeping the donor safe.


This paper explores the diversified investment highway project implementation in new risks,risks appear stage and each participating subject,make corresponding measures to prevent risks,to improve the diversified investment highway project management level,reduce the risk of project implementation.


Marian W. Smith (Mrs. H. F. Akehurst) was born in New York, May 10, 1907, and when she died in New York, May 2, 1961, after a gallant battle against a cruelly painful disease, we lost a colleague who embodied the finest traditions of American anthropology. Her own life was a record of struggle and achievement, and above all, of courage. Although crippled in one leg since the age of three, so that each step was made with great effort, she was not deterred from active ethnographic fieldwork in the Pacific Northwest (1935-36, 1938, 1945), and among the Sikhs of British Columbia and California (1943) and in the Punjab (1948-49). She did not hesitate to walk into the darkest city slums or to drive down the most remote reservation tracks. Characteristically, her interest in the Sikhs was aroused in 1941, when one appeared unexpectedly in her Columbia class on field methods in answer to a call for an informant. In her triumph over a severe physical handicap and in the fortitude with which she bore her last fatal illness, the first symptoms of which had appeared in 1949,


Partial information can trigger a complete memory. At the same time, human memory is not perfect. A cue can contain enough information to specify an item in memory, but fail to trigger that item. In the context of word memory, we present experiments that demonstrate some basic patterns in human memory errors. We use cues that consist of word fragments. We show that short and long cues are completed more accurately than medium length ones and study some of the factors that lead to this behavior. We then present a novel computational model that shows some of the flexibility and patterns of errors that occur in human memory. This model iterates between bottom-up and top-down computations. These are tied together using a Markov model of words that allows memory to be accessed with a simple feature set, and enables a bottom-up process to compute a probability distribution of possible completions of word fragments, in a manner similar to models of visual perceptual completion.


Reactions with Allylidenephosphoranes, IV. An Easy Synthesis of Cyclopentadienones (Cyclones)

The allylidenephosphoranes 2 react with α-ketocarbonyl chlorides 3 readily to afford the cyclopentadienones 4 and their Diels-Alder dimers 5. With an excess of 2a, 4a undergoes competitive Michael additions yielding a mixture of 4-allylidene-2-cyclopentenone 6 and 4-(1-propenyl)-2-cyclopentenone 7.


Objective To investigate the population awareness on autologous blood transfusion knowledge in a Guangxi tumor hospital and to improve compliance for autologous blood transfusion. Methods Medical staff,patients and their families in Guangxi tumor hospital were chosen as research objects,using questionnaire surveys and analysis on their knowledge and awareness on autologous blood transfusion. Results Among medical personnel,their rates of knowledge on transfusion types,concepts,advantages,methods and indications were 97. 6%,81. 2%,94. 9%,89. 7% and 91. 1%,respectively.Among the medical staff,74. 3% considered that it was necessary to develop autologous blood transfusion. While comparing with patients and their families,their rates of knowledge on transfusion types,concepts,advantages,methods and indications were very similar,but at a relatively low level. Only 2. 3% and 4. 9% of the patients and families considered that it was very necessary to carry out autologous blood transfusion. Conclusion Medical staff still need to further promote and strengthen their knowledge on autologous blood transfusion. The key to promote wide clinical use of autologous blood transfusion among families and patients is through health education and intervention.


*Summary Surgical wound infections are usually encountered due to the endogenous rather than the exogenous infective sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a distant inoculated infective source on the contamination of surgical wounds. Thirty White New Zealand rabbits divided randomly into three control and three treatment equal groups. In treatment groups 24 hrs before surgical intervention Staphylococcus aureus was injected subcutaneously in right thigh. In model animals, skin and muscles were incised 1 cm to the right of the vertebral column and sutured, immediately. The relative frequency of staphylococcal contamination of tissue specimens at 24 and 48 hrs after surgery in treatment groups were 20% and 60%, respectively. Statistical analysis did not show any significant differences in the rate of contamination between control and treatment groups at aforementioned times (P>0.05). However, comparison at 72 hrs after surgery, showed that the rate of contamination in treatment group is significantly more than control ones (P = 0.004). The presence of S. aureus in wounds of treatment animals at 72 hrs after surgery, suggested that microorganisms lodged in any part of body other than wound region could contaminate it, which could be important in wound healing.


DONALD W. HUFFMAN [*] ABSTRACT. In this study of the Hutterites, an Anabaptist Protestant sect tracing its roots to 1528, an attempt is made to discover the qualities that have enabled their colonies to survive and thrive in North America. It is found that the Hutterite beliefs of community of goods and self-surrender to the will of God are central factors which explain their long-term survival and the high degree of social cohesion they have achieved. The incentive to work for the common good, which has enabled them to remain economically viable as a relatively small community, are also directly attributable to religious belief. The author, who lived in a Hutterite colony as a participant-observer, found these additional significant elements contributing to Hutterite colony stability and growth: religious ritual, the structure of the family, a well defined division of labor, and a well-developed strategy for founding a new colony when the existing colony reaches a critical mass of 120-130 people. The study concludes with a discus sion of what mainstream American society might learn from the Hutterites, including both critical and appreciative assessments of the life of this communal people whose members live quietly and effectively in our midst. I Introduction I REMEMBER the day well--having said goodbye to my wife in metropolitan Pennsylvania, I quickly traveled by air to another world. In a brief eight hours I had moved from a modern urban world of possessions and conveniences to a radically different subculture, which one scholar characterized in this way: "Probably no other group in North America is further from mainstream Western values than this one." That group was a Hutterite colony located in the western plains of Minnesota. But one hour from Hector International Airport in Fargo, North Dakota, I entered a subsociety with a distinctive way of life. From my daily experience of the radio, television, and the newspaper, the automobile, the relatively isolated nuclear family, the once-a-week experience of congregational worship, I was now about to enter a radically different world of insulation and isolation from modern society. It was different in terms of mass media exposure and consumption, a tri-lingual world of Tyrolean, German, and English, a world of work trucks and vans, an everyday experience of extended family relations, a world where religious belief and practice permeate daily existence, from the spoken prayers before and after an afternoon snack and every meal, to a worship service each day from 6:00-6:30 p.m., and a one and a half hour service on Sundays. Truly this was a different social and cultural world, one from whose historical roots and experiences in modern society we can learn a great deal, and one that for ye ars has fascinated me, a professor of sociology keenly interested in cultural diversity and varied religious groups. It was late in October 1998 that I drove into the Spring Prairie Colony in western Minnesota with the intention to live with the Hutterites. A sabbatical granted me by my college had given me this rich opportunity. With relative ease I had located a number of rich secondary sources on the Hutterites. Then came the more daunting task, that of gaining entrance into one of the more than 300 colonies located in the Plains states and the western provinces of Canada for the purpose of conducting field research. Given the relative isolation of Hutterite colonies, both social and geographical, this was not an easy task. In the end, however, it was a very rewarding process. After several months of persistent detective work, the door to Spring Prairie Colony was about to open for me. Upon reflection, I know that this unique research opportunity would not have been possible without the assistance of the internationally recognized scholar in Amish and Hutterite studies, Dr. John A. Hostetler, to whom I am deeply indebted. …


In this paper, we proposed a method about improving face tracking efficiency of face detection for AF system using the faces to the ROI. The conventional face detection system detecting faces based skin color uses the ratio of skin pixels of the present frame to detected face regions of the past frame to track the faces. The tracking method is superior in the stability of the regions but it is inferior in the face tracking efficiency. We proposed a face tracking method using the area of the overlapping region in the detected face regions of the past frame and the present frame to improve the tracking efficiency. The proposed face tracking efficiency demonstration was performed by making a film of face detection with face tracking in real-time and using the moving traces of the detected faces.


My argument situates the horror film, 'Saw', in the context of mutations of capital and ensuing transformations of labour, specifically, the affective dimension of labour. As industrial production has declined and the service sector grown, the nature of labour has been transformed. Labour, in the production of services, is more intellectual and informational but an important aspect of its transformation is that it has also come increasingly to involve the affective, vital powers underpinning interaction between people, whether contact is virtual or actual. Affective labour foregrounds corporeality and bodily states which, of course, also impinge upon thinking and mood, the creation of joy or sadness. As Hardt and Negri spell out, we are here dealing with 'biopower', or the visceral 'productive capacities of life' . The argument here turns on the significance of an increasingly prevalent form of power which parasitizes the vitality of the affective life of living labour, instituting new modes of enclosure in a bid to extract value from affect. What if we take Saw's villain, Jigsaw, seriously and consider the film's violence and threat less as torture – a twisting to breaking point, exhausting the person's usefulness at the point of confession or bodily collapse – and more as innervation, as a kind of galvanism and harvesting of the affective potentials of the human body? Jigsaw's aim is to provoke affect, not simply to tear apart. The games foregrounded in the film revolve precisely around the stimulation and channelling of intense surges of affect, of life force.


This study found no evidence to support a role for vision in the behaviour of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) during their spawning migration. Blindness had no affect on the migratory propensity of lampreys, and control and blinded animals moved upstream at the same rate. The diel activity pattern of control and blinded lampreys was identical in both the laboratory and field. Activity was mostly nocturnal, but lampreys in the field did show some daytime activity. Diel activity broke down when lampreys were unable to locate suitable daytime refuge, but blindness did not affect the willingness or ability of lampreys to do so in either the laboratory or field. Laboratory studies indicate that light avoidance is mediated by dermal photoreceptors located in the tail, but the data suggests that refuge sites are sought out before sunrise using tactile and possibly hydraulic cues. Thus, light-induced searching only occurs when the sites chosen at night do not provide adequate concealment after sunrise.


We present a novel approach for reliability assessment of the future electronic control units and smart systems. This concept of 3rd generation reliability is based on application of hybrid prognostics and health management concept for the future safety relevant electronic control modules. This approach requires development of additional sensors and detectors to be integrated into the functional electronic units so that the reaction based on a current state of health status of the electronics can be triggered on demand.


Motivated by the study of trace for Schramm-Loewner evolutions, we consider evolutions of planar domains governed by ordinary differential equations with holomorphic vector fields $F$ defined on the upper half plane $\mathbb{H}$. We show a smoothing effect of the presence of noise on the boundary behaviour of associated conformal maps. More precisely, if $F$ is H\"older, we show that evolving domains vary continuously in uniform topology and their boundaries are continuously differentiable Jordan arcs. This is in contrast with examples from deterministic setting where the corner points on the boundary of domain $F(\mathbb{H})$ may give rise to corner points on the boundaries of corresponding evolving domains.


Currently, many are the phenomena that occur around intangible cultural heritage (ICH), related to its politics and legacy. With a critical analysis perspective, this article aims to describe the processes of patrimonialisation, commodification, and touristification of ICH, especially of the Guatemalan Mayan fabrics. The ongoing movement of Guatemalan weavers to protect and vindicate the cultural value of this art brings to light the role of different actors that intervene in intangible cultural heritage and, of greater relevance, indigenous communities. The following analysis framework on the diverse conceptualisations of heritage, authenticity, commodification and touristification allows for a deeper understanding of the Mayan weavers' situation. The methodology used in this article consists on a case study, through which the following main conclusions arise: the lack of protection of ICH of this case study given the complex definitions and categorisations; the need to identify the consequences of commodification and touristification of ancestral tapestries, highlighting the importance of tourism management from the communities; and, finally, the key role of women as transmitters and protectors of ICH, who have headed a process of movement and empowerment.


DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2020.2.5.14 Vol 2 | Issue 5 | October 2020 1 Abstract — There is no much information regarding the partial replacement of palm olein with palm kernel oil. Palm olein mixed with palm kernel oil is commonly sold in Nigeria market today without proper blending and without determination of their suitability to consumer also ignorant of what ratio to be blended. Therefore, blends of palm olein (POL) and palm kernel oil (PKO) were formulated to assess their stability under elevated temperature using a fast, simple and reliable CDR palm oil tester photometric technology. The results were then compared with those obtained in POL. The blends studied were to investigate the effects of palm kernel oil partial replacement on the chemical stability of palm olein. the blends as partial replacement were missed in the ratio of PKO:POL(100:0), PKO:POL(80:20), PKO:POL(60:40) and POL:PKO(100:0), POL:PKO(80:20), POL:PKO(60:40). The POL, PKO and its blends were heated at 100, 150 and 200C. The time of heating were 20, 40 and 60mins respectively, making a total of 1 hour for heating without any frying operations. The physicochemical properties of the oil samples were fatty acid composition, free fatty acid, peroxide value, iodine value, anisidine value, cloud point, colour, melting point, viscosity and totox value were evaluated over heating time. Blending palm olein (POL) unsaturated oils with saturated (PKO) generally improved the parameters comparable to those demonstrated in palm olein (POL) and palm kernel oil alone. The result showed that as PKO was increased the concentration of saturated fatty acid also increased while unsaturated fatty acid decreased. Saturated oils were generally more stable to oxidation and less sensitive to thermal stress. Increase in the amount of PKO lead to reduction in FFA.


DETERMINATION OF CHEWCAL POLLUTION (HYDROCARBONS, ORCANOCHLORINES, UEAVY JIETALS) OF THE ABIDJAN LAGO~N (IV~RY COAST) BY SEDIMENT ANALYSES The determination of chemical pollution of the Abidjan lagoon (Ivory Coast, Western Africa) was carried out by analysing hydrocarbons, chlorinated insecticides (DDT's, lindane), polychlorobiphenyls (PCB's) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, CU, CO, Zn, Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Hg, As). Results show that for DDT's, PCB's and total hydrocarbons, the pollution is mainly observed in the Abidjan area, in relation to the urban, industriul and harbour activities. The ranges of concentrafions were, for hydrocarbons: 100-2 400 mglkg, for PCB's : 60-200 ,ug/kg, for DDT's: 10-l 000 pg/lig. The highest concentrations mere Iocuted in the small bays of the lagoon (Marcory, Banco, Bietri) arhich receive servages and industrial inputs. High concenirations are also observed in areas of shipping traffic. Elsewhere, in the western and eastern parts of the Iagoon, organic pollutant concentrations are low; for hydrocarbons: 3-88 mg/kg, for PCB's: 2-10 pglkg, and for DDT's: 2-4 ,ug/kg. The fate of lindane, chlorinated insecticide is quite different of PCB's and DDT's. This compound is semi-soluble in water and is ureakly adsorbed onto suspended matter and sediments. Consequently, concentrations of lindane in sediment are 1ow, from 0.5 to 5.0 pg/kg. Trvo maxima values ure reported in Abidjan area (10 and 20 pg/kg). In the western part of the lagoon was found a relative high content of lindnne in sediment (3-4 pg/kg). This occurrence is perhaps related to the possible use of this insecticide as n poisonous compound for fishing activities in fhis area of


The author presents and analyses the international, particularly the Eastern European features of poverty policies, typical social processes on the peripheries and social challenges. In the course of his analysis he proves that poverty has national, regional, ethnical and gender characteristics. Within Hungary there are significant regional differencies in poverty. Since the change of the political regime (1990), during the lant one and a half decades, the "social stratification fan" has opened. One of the study's conclusions is that the main reasons of social exclusion are: poverty, reproductive inequalities, ethnical, sexual, religious discrimination and discrimination according to age, cultural gaps, unemployment, the rajsing number of unemployed and homeless people, and the disarrangement and cessation of human relations. Processing many results of new empirical research the author proves that there is a significant difference between those roma and non-roma people who have similar social background. Nowadays roma people's social disadvantages and a tendency to preserve there disadvantages are intensifying in Hungary. In the interest of comparativeness and to encourage further thinking the athor presents the challenges of the European Union, based on the fight against poverty and social exclusion. These tasks were elaborated in the National Action Plans of the Member States in 2001. The author also summerises the Joint Memorandum about Social Inclusion of Hungary, which was published in the summer of 2003.


This research attempts to investigate the underlying reasons for entry of women in the realm of small businesses, the barriers faced by them towards this end and the ways in which small businesses empower women, in Pakistan. The data were collected from 50 respondents/ women-entrepreneurs based in the capital territory of Islamabad and its suburbs. A questionnaire was employed for data collection so as to maximize the response rate and effectively utilize the respondents' as well as researcher's time. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the data. The study provided illuminating results and indicated that women, indeed, have a major contribution in social and economic development. Most of the women disclosed that they view small businesses as the only viable strategy to augment their family's income and status. It was also revealed that day-to-day, they face considerable hurdles in the form of poor social support mechanisms, lack of adequate capital, insufficient governmental support, and deficient business education/marketing skills. Moreover, it became apparent from the results of the study that the participation of women in small business ventures has led towards greater women empowerment in Pakistan by liberating women financially as well as psychologically. It is recommended that the government, coupled with philanthropic NGO's and the overall business community, should strive for better micro-financing facilities. At the grass root level, improving public school education along with introduction of ICT's at all levels is also required to eradicate the problems faced by these women.


Recent behavioral studies have shown the primary organ of prehension used in capturing prey to be the claw equipped forelimbs. In light of its functional importance, the claw retractile mechanism for 15 felid species is described and its function studied. The anatomy of the claw retractile mechanism for felids is then compared to that of other carnivorans.


China's labor supply will grow in keeping with the increase in population size. That supply, however, will peak at 745 million in 2015 before the total population reaches its peak of 1.56 billion shortly after 2030. The demand for labor grows faster than supply, but the small base of that demand means that the demand will continue to be less than the supply at least until 2030. China will always have approximately 30% surplus labor over the next 15 years. Government attention to the situation will help maintain the overall unemployment rate below 5%. Invisible unemployment will, however, continue to exist, especially in agriculture. China currently has about 120 million surplus agricultural laborers, a number which will increase to 130 million in 2000 and 145 million in 2005. After 2005, this surplus will decrease, but not disappear until 2030. During that period, 8-10 million surplus agricultural laborers will have to be transferred to other sectors annually.


Accommodation and care for older people is commonly thought of in relation to residential care homes: the collective settings with communal lounges and dining rooms, where older people may live what seems to be a fine balance between individual and group routines. Yet, while there have been changes to the living arrangements of people in relatively large collective groups, the ideal put forward as a basis for care settings has remained that of 'home', with the family model still central. With the tensions between public and private, domestic and institutional living, regulated and non-regulated settings, all too obvious, this article uses a pilot study in Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire of registered small homes with less than four residential places, often run by the proprietor and her family, to consider whether residential homes may replicate a homely environment, or whether the model has run its course.


The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted various aspects of society's coexistence, especially in relationships and work routines. Working from home (WFH) was one of the measures adopted by companies in this period, especially for software development. In this context, professionals had to conciliate their domestic and work routines, and this can make gender differences more evident. This work aims to investigate the impact of working from home (WFH) on ICT practitioners' personal and professional lives during the pandemic period considering gender differences. We carried out a literature review and a survey to collect the perceptions of ICT practitioners regarding the WFH during the Covid-19 pandemic period, besides the challenges they faced, considering aspects related to gender differences. Our findings reveal that the majority of Chief information officers (CIOs) are men, and only 30.37% of women occupy leadership positions in the projects in which they participate, indicating that women are still underrepresented in leadership positions. Concerning productivity, participants claimed that they were more productive during the pandemic. In summary, this work can help software development teams understand the effects of Covid-19 on development practices and create policies to increase team engagement. Moreover, it gives prominence to related topics such as the long-term impact of the pandemic on work routines.


A piezohydraulic actuator has been designed and tested for broadband flow control of a microjet actuator. This actuator is under development to understand fundamental flow characteristics near a pulsed flow microjet for active flow control on a number of aircraft structures including impinging jets, cavities, and jet inlets. Recent research has shown substantial reductions in flow separation and noise reduction using steady blowing microjets. This approach often leads to inefficiencies due to excessive mass flux that is typically bled off of an aircraft compressor. Reductions in mass flux without performance losses are desired by actively pulsing the microjet. A piezohydraulic actuator design is presented to investigate this concept. The actuator includes a piezoelectric stack actuator and hydraulic circuit to achieve sufficient displacement amplification to throttle a 400 μm diameter microjet. This system is shown to provide broadband pulsed flow actuation up to 900 Hz. Key parameters contributing to dynamic actuation are shown to include hydraulic fluid behavior, biased microjet air pressure, and voltage inputs to the stack actuator.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


According to the suicide report published by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2014), more than 800 000 people died by suicide in 2012 and the number of attempted suicides is estimated to be about 20 times higher. In Europe and most other countries, suicide rates are higher for males than females and increase with age. Attempted suicide rates are higher for females. The higher lethality of suicidal acts for males results from the choice of more lethal suicide methods (e.g. hanging, use of fire arms) whereas intoxication is by far the most preferred method for females (Cibis et al., 2012). However, even within the same method, the lethality is higher for males indicating that also other factors such as intentionality, reduced help-seeking or the influence of alcohol or drugs contribute to theses gender differences (Mergl et al., 2015). Every suicide is the result of deep suffering and leaves behind traumatised relatives. In most cases, suicides are not an act of free will but occur in the context of depression and other psychiatric disorders. To prevent suicidal behaviour is an important task for all societies. When discussing the best strategy for achieving this aim, it is important to have a clear understanding of the causes of suicidal behaviour. Two explanatory models describing the causal relationships between psychosocial factors, depression and suicides are displayed in Fig. 1. Model A assumes that social determinants (e.g. social cohesion, unemployment rate), individual factors such as stressful life circumstances (e.g. unemployment, interpersonal conflicts, health problems) or other life adversities are major causes for both psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviour. Model B attributes a stronger causal role to depression and other psychiatric disorders which are seen as major causes for suicidal behaviour as well as for a variety of life adversities (e.g. unemployment, divorce, somatic disorders). Model A is favoured by lay people, sociologists, but also many professionals in the health care system and by health politicians. Experienced psychiatrists, however, often are inclined to model B. Psychiatrists are in the special position to have daily and close contact with depressed and acutely suicidal patients and, in countries where all patients after an attempted suicide are seen by an psychiatrist, they have a representative view on the phenomenon of suicidal behaviour. Both models clearly differ concerning what appears to be the most promising strategy for suicide prevention: In model A, public health interventions will appear promising; in model B, improving the care of people with depression and other mental disorders should be a central element in suicide prevention. In the following, some thoughts and arguments will be presented on why in the view of the authors, model B is the more valid one:


In this work, three different algorithms such as Brute Force, Delaunay Triangulation and k-d Tree, are analyzed on matching comparison for 3D shape representation. It is intended for developing the pose tracking of moving objects in video surveillance. To determine 3D pose of moving objects, some tracking system may require full 3D pose estimation of arbitrarily shaped objects in real time. In order to perform 3D pose estimation in real time, each step in the tracking algorithm must be computationally efficient. This paper presents method comparison for the computationally efficient registration of 3D shapes including free-form surfaces. Matching of free-form surfaces are carried out by using geometric point matching algorithm (ICP). Several aspects of the ICP algorithm are investigated and analyzed by using specified surface setup. The surface setup processed in this system is represented by simple geometric primitive dealing with objects of free-from shape. Considered representations are a cloud of points.


Interpretation and inversion of azimuthally varying nonhyperbolic reflection moveout requires accounting for both velocity anisotropy and subsurface structure. Here, our previously derived general expression for the quartic moveout coefficient A4 is applied to P-wave reflections in orthorhombic models typical for fractured reservoirs. The weak-anisotropy approximation for the coefficient A4 in a homogeneous orthorhombic layer above a dipping reflector is controlled by the anellipticity parameters η, η and η, which are responsible for time processing of P-wave data. The azimuthal variation of the quartic coefficient depends on reflector dip and is quite sensitive to the signs and the relative magnitudes of η, η and η. The dip-line A4 is proportional to the parameter η and rapidly decreases with dip, always going to zero for a dip of 30◦ where it changes sign. In contrast, the value of A4 on the strike line depends on all three η coefficients, but for mild dips it is mostly governed by η. The contribution of the parameter η increases with dip and may lead to a complicated azimuthal signature of the quartic coefficient, with two azimuths of vanishing A4 between the dip and strike directions. The strong influence of the magnitudes and signs of the anellipticity parameters on the azimuthal pattern of the quartic coefficient suggests that nonhyperbolic moveout recorded in wide-azimuth surveys can help to constrain the anisotropic velocity field. Since for fracture-induced orthorhombic media the parameters η are closely related to the fracture density and infill, the results of azimuthal nonhyperbolic moveout analysis can be also used in fracture characterization.


The paper introduces avisual setup system of Linux firewall and some methods to check semantic integrality of the firewall rules,in order to assist users to input the rules.


The pandemic has sped up the adaptation of digitalisation in various sectors, including education via home-based teaching and learning (PdPR), webinars and virtual schools' competition. There is a lack of digitalization framework in citizen science implementation, particularly in tree planting and monitoring in Malaysia. Therefore, this paper introduces the innovation in promoting citizen science action in tree planting campaigns by using digital platforms among school children in Malaysia at the national level. The provision of training using GeoTrees mobile Geographic Information System (GIS) and forming a support group to assist in technology transfer has demonstrated the possibility of running a large-scale Citizen Science program virtually in Malaysia. GeoTrees monitoring app of planting activity platform encourages Citizen Science program among school children nationwide to participate in tree planting and monitoring activities at their backyard with the supervision by teachers and parents as attending physical tree-planting campaigns were not permissible due to pandemic Covid-19 tight standard operating procedure (SOP). This Citizen Science project aligns with the Malaysia Greening Campaign 2021-2025 to instill awareness across all segments of society on the economic values of trees from a sustainability perspective. © Geoinformatics International.


The paper presents research on the effects of magnesium content on electrical and mechanical properties of materials after heat treatment of the casting of aluminum alloys: AlSi5Mg0.3, AlSi5Mg0.8 and AlSi5Mg1. The proposed heat treatment consisted of homogenisation at 535°C during period of the time 8 h, quenched to water and artificial aging at temperatures ranging from 120 to 240°C during period of the time to 24 h. Determination of strength properties were realized by Brinell hardness measurements. Electrical properties are in the form of electrical conductivity. The research program also included analysis of the microstructure of selected alloys.


ABSTRACT Bat populations continue to decline worldwide because of myriad human activities. To enhance bat conservation, human behavior needs to change. Such change can occur, in part, through an understanding of what motivates human actions toward bats. We used a Bat Attitude Questionnaire (BAQ) to investigate attitudes toward bats in people (n = 394) living around Arabuko-Sokoke Forest (ASF), Kenya. Belief in myths seemed to prevail among those surveyed and that these myths were significantly associated with low tolerance of bats (ordinal regression, p < 0.05). Older and more educated people reported more positive attitudes toward bats than others. Multiple linear regression revealed that females showed more negative attitudes toward, and more belief in, myths about bats than males (both p < 0.01). Ordinal regression showed that hostile behavior toward bats was more common among males (p < 0.001). Nearly one-third of the respondents reported actively killing bats or destroying bat roosts. A similar proportion did not see any benefits of bats to humans, while the majority of respondents associated bats with the destruction of farmers' fruits. To address prevailing negative attitudes about bats, we recommend conducting evening school-based bat study tours, specifically targeting youths in schools around the forest, to examine whether physical contacts with bats would help positively influence human attitudes toward bats. Additionally, since mango (Mangifera indica) farming is an important source of income to people around ASF, an assessment of the quantity of mangoes destroyed by bats would be important to determine whether there is a need for controlling bat access to crops through appropriate schemes.


The paper deals with theoretical and experimental studies for the development of model-based condition-monitoring algorithms of composite laminates equipped with piezoelectric Macro-Fiber Composite patches. Starting from the experimental characterisation of the integrated system response, a nonlinear dynamic model of the laminate is presented, and then validated with reference to different types of experiments. The validated model is used to develop the condition-monitoring algorithm, and the monitoring technique is finally characterised in terms of false alarms rejection and vulnerability to dormant faults, by simulating a set of Built-In Tests performed during the maintenance operations.


OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of exercises by using treadmill leading to cardiac diseases due to HTN response of exercise among ecto- morph male and female. STUDY DESIGN An experimental study design was used. STUDY SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS 30 students that were studying in a reputed institution with BMI of 18.5 (both male and female) were the part of this study. INTERVENTIONS Heart rate and blood pressures were measured through Heart Rate Monitor, Mercury Sphygmomanometer, Weighing Scale Treadmill, and Stadiometer was used to collect data. The data was analyzed through SPSS.16, through paired sample t test. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were obtained in post exercise B.P among ectomorph men and women where as significant differ- ence between pre-exercise and post-exercise heart rates on ectomorph were obtained. CONCLUSIONS B.P and H.R are two significant indicators in our body that give signal about many cardiac diseases silently existing in our body. Our study concluded that the body responses to exercise are similar in both ectomorphs male and female; therefore ectomorphs have equal risk factor for cardiac diseases.


This article presents a critical discourse analysis of the principal storylines through which the Calgary Herald framed the oil sands between May 1, 2010, and May 31, 2011. The analysis reveals that rather than avoid coverage of environmental protests and critiques, the Herald's narratives used these events to portray the oil and gas industry (and the province and people of Alberta) as victims of an aggressive and well-funded global environmental lobby. This framing not only defends the industry by dismissing environmental criticism of the oil sands as ill-informed and ideologically motivated, it also champions the idea that the provincial government must become a promotional petro-state whose main role is to actively defend the industry. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Cet article partage les resultats d'une analyse de discours critique des narratifs utilises par le Calgary Herald du 1er mai 2010 au 31 mai 2011 a propos des sables bitumineux. Notre analyse demontre que le Calgary Herald n'evite pas les questions et critiques environnementales. Nous avons plutot trouve que le Herald les utilisent pour representer l'industrie du petrole (et, par extension, la province et les citoyens de l'Alberta) comme des victimes de campagnes mediatiques agressives subventionnees par de puissantes ONG. Nous suggerons que cette strategie discursive non seulement rejette toute critiques comme ignorants et ideologiques. Ca justifie aussi l'idee que le gouvernement de l'Alberta doit devenir un « petro-Etat » en defendant plus activement les interets de l'industrie.


In this work, we analyze the ways of optimization of each user's channel capacity and spectral efficiency in a modern hierarchy of incorporated microcell, picocell and femtocell networks. We consider the co-existence of microcell Base Stations (MBSs), Picocell (PAPs) and Femtocell Access Points (FAPs) with shared and dedicated carrier frequency allocations. The simulation framework, based on the multi-parametric stochastic model of radio propagation for various scenarios, occurring in the urban environment, is introduced for analysis of channel capacity and spectral efficiency improvements in complex urban environment taking, as a real example, the description of one of the urban tested area, consisting integrated micro/picocell and femtocell configurations. The analysis of the network consisting of dedicated and shared femtocells for home coverage in a presence of traditional microcell pattern is presented. The advantages and drawbacks for different deployment strategies are investigated using the proposed simulation framework.


This paper presents modeling of series static voltage restorer (SSVR) in load flow calculations for steady-state voltage compensation. An accurate model for SSVR is derived to use in load flow calculations. The rating of this device as well as direction of required reactive power injection to compensate voltage to the desired value (1p.u.) is derived and discussed analytically and mathematically using phasor diagram method. Since performance of SSVR varies when it reaches to its maximum capacity, modeling of SSVR in its maximum rating of reactive power injection is derived. The validity of the proposed model is examined using two standard distribution systems consisting of 33 and 69 nodes, respectively. The best location of SSVR for under voltage problem mitigation in the distribution networks is determined. The results show the validity of the proposed model for SSVR in large distribution systems.


Introduction In the literature on the subject and in practical experience there are various opinions as regards the basic target of a company. It may be maximizing the profit, the sales, the value increase or the survival and development of the company. Years of discussion concerning the main purpose of business functioning have included such issues as the types of objectives, their mutual relationships (especially their hierarchy), level of detail related to time range, conditions and methods of setting the targets 1 . The traditional (neoclassical) theory assumes that the objective of a company is to maximize profits. According to that theory, company is a business entity that maximizes profits. In the era of managerial capitalism, which emerged after the period of early capitalism, several alternative theories as suggested. Globalization processes, the revolution in IT and a significant separation of the ownership and managerial functions resulted in the completion of many theoretical analysis and experimental investigations aiming at the description and identification of the basic purposes of company existence. Companies that are obliged to meet diverging targets such as production, equity increase, educational, cultural or environmental objectives, etc. practically never reach any of them. A significant number and variety of targets imposed on a company make efficient management impossible; it impedes the creation of coherent and long-term strategic plans, blurs the efficiency measurement systems and makes it difficult to build motivational systems.


Auditory perception has developed into a popular term, and is frequently used in the literature pertaining to the learning-disabled child. In reviewing the various definitions of auditory perception, it becomes evident that the term has different implications depending upon each professional's viewpoint. To the reading therapist, auditory perceptual skills pertain to the efficiency that a child "can readily isolate the individual sounds within a spoken word" (Rosner 1979) and to the child's skills in the recognition of words as symbols (Schain 1977). The speech-language pathologist interprets auditory perception in light of the appropriate development of adequate linguistic skills, whereas the audiologic community defines auditory perception as the degree to which a child can process auditory signals, especially in unfavorable acoustic environments. A team involved in the perceptual assessment of a child with a learning problem must be guided by the following concerns. First, it must be stressed that relying upon only one viewpoint of central auditory perception results in a very limited scope, similar to the proverbial blind men each describing his own impression of the elephant. One gentleman authoritatively outlines the beast as long, smooth, and curved as he touches and describes the animal's tusks. Another fellow argumentatively reports his impression of the animal as being thin and flat, triangular in shape, and rough in texture, as he examines its huge ear. Each reporter's impressions are limited by his own perceptions. It is quite apparent however that only a summary of all the reports adequately describes the physique of the elephant. Likewise, each professional involved in the evaluation and rehabilitation of a child with learning differences must employ a holistic philosophy requiring the coordination of various disciplines.


This research explores the extent of feminism and nationalism in peacetime Serbia and also the correlation between. Theories suggest these two systems of thought to be incompatible with each other, even exclusive. If someone is in fact a supporter of nationalist ideas, it is unlikely for this person to also have feminist sympathies. Insights obtained by reviewing and analyzing existing national data on how much support the Serbian people have for nationalist and feminist ideas gives an understanding of to what point the ideologies are widespread across the country. A field study in Belgrade, composed by surveys and interviews, has also been conducted to examine the validity of the alleged negative correlation between the two systems of thought. The research ultimately reveals, on the national level, higher percentage of respondents being against both feminist and nationalist ideas than in favor of them. On the local Belgrade level, the study highlights the reoccurring incident of participants shown indecisive of their opinions towards either system of thought. Simultaneously, aforementioned theories were proven likely valid since results from the local surveys in Belgrade yet showed an incompatibility of participants being both feminist and nationalist at the same time.


M4 is the adaptive mirror of ELT, currently at its FDR. It is composed by 6 thin shell mirror segments, controlled by 5136 voice coil actuators. Before its installation at the telescope, it will be optically calibrated on a test facility (OTT) in Italy. The calibration includes the computation of the flattening command and the segments co-phasing, i.e. the correction of the differential piston amongst them. Given the large complexity of the deformable mirror and the very tight requests on the measurement accuracy, we set-up a risk-mitigation activity based on the laboratory demonstration of some key elements within the test tower. In this paper we present the results of the experimentation. We measured at nanometer level the interferometric cavity; we investigated how the interferometer reacts in presence of spider arms dividing the test mirror into separated islands; we integrated and tested a multi wavelength sensor to measure the inter-segment absolute differential piston; we aligned and tested for stability the pupil relaying optical system to be installed on the OTT. Such activity is performed in the AO laboratory at INAF-Arcetri in Italy, in preparation of the M4 optical calibration on the OTT, scheduled to start in 2020. The M4 project is led by the Italian consortium AdOptica under an ESO contract.


Abstract Control of the movement of a contact lens on the eye is of particular importance in the case of a toric lens fitted on a toroidal cornea. Lens rotation was measured on 13 eyes fitted with each of three types of spherical contact lenses, regular, prism ballasted‐truncated, and truncated only. Edge lift was varied in three steps, and lenses fitted flat and steep were tested for the amount of blink‐associated rotation. Rotation can be reduced by decreasing the radius of the base curve or providing truncation and/or prism ballast.


Recommended Citation Stein, Paul D.; Sabbah, Hani N.; Lakier, Jeffrey B.; Kemp, Stephen R.; and Magilligan, Donald J. Jr. (1982) "Frequency Content of Heart Sounds and Systolic Murmurs in Patients with Porcine Bioprosthetic Valves: Diagnostic Value for the Early Detection of Valvular Degeneration," Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal : Vol. 30 : No. 3 , 119-123. Available at: https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/hfhmedjournal/vol30/iss3/4


gentsia and peasants, leads to serious oversimplification. When "peasants" are made to include not only the village dwellers but the "closely related townfolk" or the "meshchane," a consequence is the concealing of significant social differences. This simple dichotomy leads the author into a number of contradictions. Many of the traits ascribed to peasants, such as expediency and cunning, are actually more common among city dwellers. Moreover, the view that the intelligentsia are heirs of positive traits, while peasants inherit only negative ones, involves another misleading oversimplification: if Soviet life is unpleasant it is because it derives its institutional arrangements from the barbarian peasant culture. This places all the good on one side, all the bad on the other. Many of the totalitarian controls were already established by the middle-class founders of the party before 1925, in advance of the "third revolution." By seeing only a "taproot" the author ignores the manysided features of Soviet life: the crisscrossing of ideologies of internationalism, nationalism (Russian and non-Russian), cosmopolitanism, as well as agrarianism. Nor can the author successfully explain the affinity of Soviet totalitarianism to Nazi totalitarianism with its nonpeasant basis. Nevertheless, even in raising these problems Professor Vakar has performed a signal service. His book deserves careful study.


This paper presents a CMOS transconductor linearization by connecting square-rooter to a source couple pair circuit. A novel square-rooting circuit is proposed for low voltage operation. The proposed transconductance circuit is compact and consumes lower quiescent power, compared with the existing transconductors using the same realization technique. The circuit performances verification by PSPICE simulations show good results as expected.


The introduction sets out the field of critical kinship studies and its relation to diaspora studies, black Atlantic studies and queer studies. It offers an overview of relevant works of diaspora and black Atlantic studies and queer studies, and how these fields are brought together in theorizations of queer diaspora. It then turns to the question of how to do critical kinship studies to suggest a double-pronged approach to the study of kinship. The study of kinship is both particularly interesting and particularly complex in postcolonial contexts, as kinship can be used both as a tool of colonial power and a means of anticolonial resistance, and the novels studied in this book suggest that kinship often does both.


A 58 year-old man visited the hospital complaining heartburn, acid regurgitation and dysphagia, especially in the postprandial period and in the supine position. Los Angeles grade C reflux esophagitis and sliding hiatal hernia (HH) were identified from upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (Fig. 1). Barium esophagogram also showed reducible sliding hiatal hernia and normal barium transit to the stomach (Fig. 2). He underwent high-resolution manometry (HRM; version 2.1, Manoscan, Sierra Scientific Instruments Inc, Los Angeles, CA, USA) to evaluate the other causes of dysphagia. Figure 3 shows the HRM findings. The HRM diagnosis was intermittent hypotensive peristalsis. Mean distal esophageal amplitudes was 29.3 mmHg, the intergrated relaxation pressure was 9 mmHg and intrabolus pressure was 2 mmHg. During inspiration, HRM plot showed minimal separation of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and crural diaphragm (CD), making double peak high pressure zone which is the typical finding of HH.

Figure 1

The retroflexed endoscopic view shows sliding hiatal hernia. The gastroesophageal area is stayed open and squamous epithelium of distal esophagus is seen.

Figure 2

Esophagogram also shows reducible sliding hiatal hernia.

Figure 3

(A) A swallow shows hypotensive contraction. Two arrows point 2 high pressure zone. (B) During inspiration, the separation between the crural diaphragm and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was augmented making double pressure peak at esophagogastric ...

HH presents with widening of the diaphragmatic hiatus and axial displacement between the LES and CD of sufficient magnitude that a pouch of stomach is sandwiched between two.1 Using HRM with pressure topography, the LES and CD elements of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) can be selectively localized and their contractility quantified. HRM examples of EGJ pressure morphology subtypes are primarily distinguished by the extent of LES-CD separation.2 Type I HH is characterized by complete overlap of the CD and LES with a single pressure peak in the spatial pressure variation plots during both inspiration and expiration, which means normal finding. Type II HH is characterized by minimal, 1-2 cm LES-CD separation presenting a double peaked spatial pressure variation plot. Type III HH with greater than 2 cm separation is an overt hiatal hernia, a frequent finding in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease whereas it is rarely found in asymptomatic controls or functional heartburn.2

Comprehensive evaluation on EGJ morphology or impaired EGJ components is possible by using HRM. This case is a patient with severe reflux esophagitis combined with low grade disruption of the EGJ (type II HH). There is quantifiable separation between the CD and the LES, but the magnitude of this separation is insufficient to constitute a overt sliding hernia. HRM is the only method capable of reliably detecting this condition, the intermediate stage between normal and overt sliding hiatus hernia.1


This book is based on the author's Wilde Lectures delivered in the University of Oxford in 1976-7. It forms part of a trilogy which began with The Coherence of Theism (Clarendon Press, 1977, reissued in paperback, 1986) and was completed by Faith and Reason (Clarendon Press, 1981, reissued in paperback, 1983), but it does not in any way presuppose knowledge of the earlier work. For the revised fifth impression of the paperback edition, Professor Swinburne has added a new preface, and two new appendices: one a reply to Mackie and one a discussion of the argument from 'fine tuning'.


According to a method for producing a field effect transistor having a floating gate, a structure is formed, which has open lateral flanks of a layer made of the material of the floating gate, and which is exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere in order to coat these lateral flanks and, at the same time, other areas of the structure with an insulating oxide layer. The invention provides that, at a point in time before the action of oxidizing atmosphere, nitrogen is implanted inside the material of the floating gate in an amount that significantly reduces the oxidation on the lateral flanks thereof.


The definition,content and way of the operation method for a boiler to change combining using pulverized coal with gas to fully using blast furnace gas were presented.Obvious economic benefit had been achieved.The practice showed that this operation method had popularization value for the boiler using pulverized coal and gas.


Engineered CAR T (CART) cell treatments of cancer patients have shown promising results. The majority of current CART clinical trials utilizes autologous T cells and might therefore be hampered by the poor quality and quantity of T cells as well as the time and expense of manufacturing autologous T cell products. These limitations would be circumvented by the use of allogeneic T cells. However, the endogenous TCR on allogeneic T cells may recognize the alloantigens of the recipient, leading to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD); furthermore, the expression of HLA on the surface of allogeneic T cells causes rapid rejection by the host immune system. Therefore, simple and efficient methods are needed for multiplex genomic editing of T cells. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has recently emerged as a potentially robust alternative for inducing targeted genetic alterations and as a process for multiplex genome engineering. In the present study, by using CRISPR/Cas9 system to simultaneously disrupt multiple genomic loci. we have generated CART cells deficient in the expression of endogenous TCR, HLA class I (HLA-I) and PD1 that can be used as allogeneic universal CART cells. We found that TCR α chain, TCR β chain, beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) and PD1 genes could be disrupted with high efficiency through the co-introduction of mRNA encoding the Cas9 with gRNAs targeting these genes by electroporation. We observed over 80% percent gene ablation at protein levels by single gene disruption and over 70% percent of TCR and HLA-I double ablation by multiplex gene disruption. Universal PD1 deficient CD19 CART cells could be generated by integrating this multiple gene editing technology into to the standard clinical CD19 CAR lentiviral transduction procedure and expanded to the clinical scale. The TCR/HLA-I double-negative CD19 CART showed robust in vitro anti-tumor activities, such as lytic capacity, cytokine secretion and proliferation, as potent as those of the wild-type CD19 CART cells. The T cells were tested in NSG mice bearing disseminated Nalm6 leukemia. Mice treated with CD19 CART cells with endogenous TCR disrupted or with a simultaneous disruption of TCR and HLA-I exhibited tumor regression similar to that of mice treated with wild-type CD19 CART cells, suggesting that the disruption of TCR alone or together with B2M does not affect CART cell anti-tumor activity. In addition, we found that simultaneous disruption of endogenous PD1 enhances the efficacy of the universal CD19 CART therapy in vivo in a Nalm6-PDL1 leukemia model. The universal T cells we generated showed reduced alloreactivity, demonstrated in a one-way MLR using an IFNg Elispot assay when incubated with irradiated allogeneic PBMCs. The GVHD effect of the engineered T cells was also tested in different NSG models. In a Nalm6 leukemia NSG model, the mice treated with the double or triple knock out CAR T cells did not develop any signs of GVHD. By contrast, 3 out of 4 mice from the wild-type CD19 CART group developed xenogeneic GVHD at day 65, which was confirmed by histological examination of different organs. In another experiment, T cells were infused intravenously into sub-lethally irradiated mice. GVHD was monitored 2 to 3 times per week, and 4 out 5 mice receiving wild type T cell developed GVHD, while PBS treated, TCR single and TCR/HLA-I double ablated T cell treated group did not show any signs of GVHD. In summary clinical scale universal CD19 CART cells, with potent anti-leukemia activity and reduced alloreactivity can be efficiently generated using multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 technology. This approach can be incorporated into current GMP-compliant manufacturing procedures and has a high potential for translation, and thus provides an alternative to autologous CART cells. Disclosures Ren: University of Pennsylevania: Patents & Royalties. Liu: University of Pennsylevania: Patents & Royalties: financial interests due to intellectual property and patents in the field of cell and gene therapy. Conflicts of interest are managed in accordance with University of Pennsylvania policy and oversight. June: University of Pennsylvania: Patents & Royalties: financial interests due to intellectual property and patents in the field of cell and gene therapy. Conflicts of interest are managed in accordance with University of Pennsylvania policy and oversight; Novartis: Research Funding. Zhao: Novartis: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding.


Larvae of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were reared from second instar to pupation on cotton plants that had either been previously exposed to spider mites (Tetranychus turkestani) or were unexposed controls. Larvae reared on exposed plants had lower probability of surviving from second instar to pupation and reduced expected life spans compared to larvae reared on unexposed controls, but there was no difference in time to pupation. In choice experiments S. exigua caterpillars did not orient towards, nor did they consume more foliage of, unexposed control seedings than plants that had previously hosted spider mites. Combined with previous studies on other insects, the difference in survival of the caterpillars suggests that resistance induced by spider mite herbivory affects diverse herbivore species.


This study investigated the relationship between depression, anxiety, and health-related behaviors among ethnic minority students at an urban public university. Five hundred sixty seven students from diverse ethnic backgrounds completed a set of measures to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety, health promoting (e.g., exercise) and health compromising behaviors (e.g., cigarette and alcohol use). Students also rated their current health. Approximately 22% and 27% of participants endorsed clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. No ethnic group differences were found on measures of depression and anxiety among this sample. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed subjective health ratings contributed to the highest proportion of variance for all criterion measures beyond gender. Among health behaviors, results suggest alcohol and cigarette use assert more influence on symptoms of depression and anxiety than exercise.


In recent years, tall and long-spanned buildings have been builts at many snowy areas in Japan. So, wind tunnel experiments using model snow are carried out to predict snowdrifts around the buildings and snow load on a building's roof. This paper describes the similarity requirements for the modeling of snowdrifting and research results on wind tunnel experiments using model snow.


The article analyses the process of attainment of truth in the philosophy of Renaissance and New Times. Some of its elements are revealed the procedure of cognitive process is shown. The author comes to conclusion that truth and aberration are dialectically interrelated in consciousness, the form of their interrelation being the gnosiological series and its components.


In this study, polysaccharide polymers /Hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds were prepared by using freeze-drier processing technique. The microstructure and morphology as well as mechanical strength of the scaffolds were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and other methods. The porosity ratio and in vitro biomineralization of the scaffold were also evaluated. It was found that, both porosity and compressive strength are strongly dependent on the concentration of HA. The porosity was reduced from ≈ 87 ±5.1% to 66.7±3.2%, while the mechanical measurements revealed that, the compressive strength reaches the highest value 23.96±0.82 MPa by adding HA to hybrid polymers. In addition, Blended hydroxyethylcellulose to sodium alginate cause increase of total pore volume inside scaffold, decrease in mechanical properties and the presence of bioceramic inside scaffolds structure enhances the precipitation and biomineralization of HA from SBF on scaffolds surface. Thus results suggest that these biocompatible composite scaffolds can be useful for bone tissue regeneration.


Oral orthophosphate treatment was given to 33 subjects with idiopathic hypercalciuria, 28 of them with calcium salt lithiasis. A decrease in urinary calcium excretion was observed in 31 of the subjects. The treatment appeared clinically beneficial in 8 out of 11 patients with metabolically active stone disease. Indications and contraindications to oral orthophosphate treatment are discussed.


The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation, GAVI Alliance for short, recently announced a vaccine price reduction from Merck & Co., Inc. to provide HPV vaccine at US$5 per dose. This subsidized price reduction would apply to the world's poorest countries. And then once GAVI subsidizes the vaccine, it is likely that many low-resource countries will add HPV vaccine to their national immunization programs. The text below comes from a Cervical Cancer Action press release: The announcement today is a major step forward, helping erode the price barrier that has delayed access to this life-saving vaccine in the countries where cervical cancer deaths are highest. Because infection with HPV is responsible for nearly all cases of cervical cancer, widespread HPV vaccination of girls will help to prevent hundreds of thousands of deaths among women in developing countries in the decades ahead. Of the 275,000 worldwide deaths due to cervical cancer each year, more than 85 percent occur in developing countries, where women often lack access to cancer screening and treatment. Since 2006, HPV vaccines have become available through public sector, government programs in thirty-three countries. The first countries to introduce the vaccine were wealthy, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In these countries, strong early screening and treatment programs had already achieved low-levels of disease, but HPV vaccine was still considered a cost-effective public health investment. Several middle-income countries – namely Mexico, Panama and Malaysia – and one low-income country, Bhutan, also have set up national programs. But most girls in low-income countries, especially those from poorer families, have no access to the vaccine. "Ongoing HPV vaccine pilot programs in twenty developing countries – including Vietnam, Uganda and Peru – are showing that HPV vaccine is valued by communities and providers and can be safely and affordably delivered, even in the lowest-income settings." says Scott Wittet, Co-Chair of Cervical Cancer Action and Advocacy and Communication Lead for Cervical Cancer Prevention Programs at PATH. "But we have to reach more families to save more lives. Now that GAVI will be able to buy HPV vaccine at a price that is both cost-effective and comparable to other new vaccines, the onus is on all of us to immunize the girls who need it most." Merck has offered the US$5 per dose price to the GAVI Alliance, which supports the co-financing and purchase of new and underused vaccines for the world's 72 poorest countries. This price represents a 67 percent price reduction in the recent lowest-public price, previously offered to the Pan American Health Organization's Revolving Fund for Vaccine Procurement, an important vaccine purchasing mechanism for Latin American countries. Countries requesting GAVI-supported vaccine would be responsible only for a co-pay of about US$0.20 to 0.40 per dose. GAVI's support would put HPV vaccines within reach of the world's poorest nations. "In recent years, vaccine companies have committed to providing HPV vaccine to low-income countries at 'no-profit' and 'radically tiered prices' but this is the first time that a dollar figure has been quoted. HPV vaccine now sits well within price points for bulk purchase by the GAVI Alliance", says Alessandra Durstine, Co-Chair of Cervical Cancer Action and Vice President of Regional Strategies at the American Cancer Society. Leaders in developing countries have been calling for access to HPV vaccine. Since 2007, Cervical Cancer Action has received over 390 letters from Presidents, First Ladies, Ministers of Health, Ministers of Women's Affairs, Parliamentarians, physicians, and grassroots leaders calling for international support for cervical cancer prevention. Cervical cancer has also been a rallying point for improving women's health, especially in Africa. A new Forum of African First Ladies Against Cervical and Breast Cancer have become active at the United Nations and on the global stage. "Today's announcement dispels the misconception that HPV vaccination of girls, and cervical cancer screening and treatment of adult women, may not be possible within current global financial constraints," says Wittet. "The barriers are coming down rapidly, we know how to reduce deaths due to cervical cancer and we have the tools for the job. Many countries are ready to move on this and we are ready to help." Now that richest and the poorest countries of the world will have HPV vaccine program, pressure will mount on others who do not have such program. How will those countries without HPV vaccine program will be able to explain lack of commitment now? To read Cervical Cancer Action News Brief of June 2011, check on www.cervicalcanceraction.org End of the communication. I hope this helps the women of Brazil and their family cause in the long term, Amitiés,


A water quality model was developed for easy application to small coastal embayments. The simulation of physical transport processes is based on Ketchum9s tidal prism theory, modified and expanded such that it becomes applicable to cases where the embayment is branched and/or freshwater discharge is negligibly small. A model coastal embayment was divided into segments of lengths equal to local tidal excursions. Instead of starting the segmentation from landward end with freshwater discharge and tidal prism as two non-zero parameters, the modified model subdivides the water body starting from the seaward end with the difference between tidal prism and freshwater discharge as a single parameter. The mass balance within each segment was formulated by considering the exchange of water with its neighboring segments due to the flushing of freshwater discharge, as well as the tidal prism on ebb cycle, and to the mixing of the tidal prism on flood tide. This results in an algebraic equation which may be solved for concentration in each segment by successive substitution. For a non-conservative substance, the biochemical reaction terms may be easily added to the algebraic equation without complicating the solution scheme. The model has been applied to a number of tidal creeks and coastal embayments in Virginia, USA. The application to the Lynnhaven Bay is presented.


"Opera and Entertainment" is a book written by Mr. Chen Jiansen recently. From theory, structure and value system, this paper tries to discuss the study of Chen's book mentioned above on the essence and function of traditional opera from an angle of modernity.


The utility model discloses a pneumatic energy storage type needleless injector. The needleless injector comprises a cylinder barrel, a front end cover, a needleless ampoule assembly, an impact piece and an air supply device, wherein the cylinder barrel is provided with an inner cavity, the front end cover is fixedly arranged at the front end of the cylinder barrel, the needleless ampoule assembly is installed on the front end cover, the impact piece is arranged in the cylinder barrel in a front-and-back movable manner, a closed chamber is formed between the impact piece and the back part of the cylinder barrel, the air supply device is used for feeding compressed air into the chamber, and the needleless ampoule assembly at least comprises a piston rod capable of moving forwards and backwards; the impact piece has an energy storage state and an impact state in the cylinder barrel; when the impact piece is in the energy storage state, the impact piece is static, an interval exists between the front end of the impact piece and the back end of the piston rod, and the air supply device feeds the compressed air into the chamber; when the impact piece is in the impact state, the impact piece impacts forwards and drives the piston rod to move forwards; and a control mechanism for switching working states of the impact piece is also arranged on the cylinder barrel. The needleless injector is simple and compact in structure and good in usability.


The paper provides an overview of travel behaviour in Germany and Switzerland against both a consistent definition of the elements of movement and of a behavioural model, which stresses the satisfaction of daily needs in a context of self-selected long term commitments with regards to home and work location and the ownership of mobility tools.


In this paper,a new method for studying the sensitized mechanism of surfactant in color development reaction system of metallic ion with color reagents was proposed by evaluating the number of absorbents using Abstract Factor Analysis(AFA) technique to process absorbance data sets.A concrete utilization ofFe(Ⅲ)-SCN and Fe(Ⅲ)-SCN-Tween-80 color development reaction systems procured a conclusion that the sensitized of surfactant Tween-80 on Fe(Ⅲ)-SCN color system primarily due to some new multi-complexes appeared.


AbstractA parallel data envelopment analysis model of operational-profitability and operational-quality indicatorswas applied to the banking sector in Dubai. Information was gathered about the 18 main banks whichclustered into Islamic and commercial banks. Data were obtained from two sources; for the operational-profitability segment, data were obtained from the formal financial statements of banks in Dubai, andthe data for the operational-quality segment were collected randomly from 450 customers by using awell-prepared SERVQUAL questionnaire. The technical efficiencies for both models were computed; andcomparisons were made between the Islamic and the commercial banks within both models. The findingsare that there are no statistical differences between the Islamic and the commercial banks in theoperational-profitability model. However, the Islamic banks dominate the commercial banks in theoperational-quality model. Based on an in-depth analysis, the operational-quality in Islamic banksdepends on the assurance, responsiveness, and reliability factors.Keywords: Efficiency, financial and non-financial indicators, SERVQUAL, Islamic and commercial banksAttiea MarieAmjad Al-NasserMohamed Ibrahim (Corresponding Author)DeanCollege of Business AdministrationUniversity of Dubai, Dubai, UAE


The invention belongs to the field of herbicides and relates to a mixed herbicide containing bentazone, nicosulfuron and atrazine and application thereof. The herbicide takes bentazone, nicosulfuron and atrazine as main active ingredients, wherein the mass ratio of bentazone to nicosulfuron to atrazine is (0.1-80):(0.1-80):(0.1-80) and the bentazone, nicosulfuron and atrazine account for 1-85wt% of the herbicide. The mixed herbicide has an obvious effect on postemergence weed control in corn fields, especially on controlling various grass and broadleaf weeds in the corn fields. Compared with the single agent, the herbicide delays weed resistance, has wide herbicidal spectrum and long efficacy duration and does no harm to the corns and the aftercrops on the premise of improving the pesticide effect.


Abstract Incidence of diabetes particularly Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is on the rise amongst the entire world population particularly in the residents belonging to younger age groups of developing countries located in Southeast Asia. The causes are many and predominated by nature-nurture role. Improper dietary intake of w-6 and w-3 fatty acids chasing the cholesterol myth of 70's may be an important reason of increased diabetes in India. Coronary risk in Indians is associated with an increased prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, rise in plasma or tissue levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. A review on available literature points out that proper diets and life-style patterns as advised reduce the incidence of diabetes and also check relentless progress of the disease.


Growing Up Queer explores what it is like being young and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer (LGBTQ) in the United States today. Using interviews and ethnographic research conducted at an LGBTQ youth drop-in center, it shows how young people understand their sexual and gender identities, their interest in queer media, and the role that family plays in their lives. The young people who participated in this research are among the first generation to embrace queer identities as kids and teens, and Growing Up Queer shows how both sexual and gender identities are formed through complicated, ambivalent processes, as opposed to the natural characteristics one is born with. In addition to showing how youth understand their identities, Growing Up Queer describes how young people navigate queerness within a culture in which being gay is the "new normal." Using Sara Ahmed's concept of queer orientation, it argues that being queer is not just about one's sexual and/or gender identity but is also understood through intersecting identities including race, class, ability, and more. By showing how society accepts some kinds of LGBTQ-identified people while rejecting others, Growing Up Queer provides evidence of queerness as a site of social inequality. The book moves beyond an oversimplified examination of teenage sexuality and shows, through the voices of young people themselves, the exciting yet complicated terrain of queer adolescence.


The production of millimetric liquid droplets has importance in a wide range of applications both in the laboratory and industrially. As such, much effort has been put forth to devise methods to generate these droplets on command in a manner which results in high diameter accuracy and precision, well-defined trajectories followed by successive droplets and low oscillations in droplet shape throughout their descents. None of the currently employed methods of millimetric droplet generation described in the literature adequately addresses all of these desired droplet characteristics. The reported methods invariably involve the cohesive separation of the desired volume of liquid from the bulk supply in the same step that separates the single droplet from the solid generator. We have devised a droplet generation device which separates the desired volume of liquid within a tee-apparatus in a step prior to the generation of the droplet which has yielded both high accuracy and precision of the diameters of the fi...