English Abstract: Unauthorised use of the trademark logo on social media on a massive scale has led to frequent legal conflicts between trademark holders, social media providers and internet users and legal uncertainty. The thesis concludes that trademark infringement and dilution laws in the U.S. and EU are inadequate to solve this problem. The trademark logo on social media should be protected against unauthorised use, even though it is not used to sell the good or service the trademark indicates, but is used in a commercial environment.
Two premises for any solution are that first the enforcement should be made automatic, since litigation on a case-by-case basis is not scalable, and second that the safe harbour provisions for online service providers, that aggravate the problem, should be substituted for strict liability. The trademark logo can be seen as the personification of the trademark holder, and one can argue that the stability of the trademark logo is not only in the interest of the trademark holder but also of society at large. One can argue that trademark dilution already provides a kind of moral right of integrity for the trademark logo. However, this right is limited to trademark logos that are considered famous or have a reputation, and, moreover, that are used in a commercial way.
This thesis argues that also the trademark logo that did not reach the requested level of fame or reputation and is used in a non-commercial way should also be protected against unauthorised use on social media. Therefore the moral right of integrity is proposed for the trademark logo. Until the law will be amended to include a moral right of integrity for the trademark logo, this thesis suggests to implement proactive solutions in the walled gardens of social media as a testing ground for potential legislation. This automated solution is scalable, makes intellectual property protection and enforcement not only effective but also more calibratable to social policy goals and will inevitable lead to an algorithmic justice.
Chinese Abstract: 邁向算法公義的商標圖案範式轉移社交媒體上大規模未經授權使用的商標標誌為商標持有人、社交媒體提供商和互聯網用戶之間帶來法律衝突,更帶來法律上的不確定性。本文提出的結論是美國與歐盟有關商標被侵犯和稀釋的法律並不足以解決這個問題。縱使在社交媒體上的商標標誌未被用作銷售貨品或服務,但由於是在商業環境使用,所以法律應該保障其免被未經授權使用。任何解決方法都必須基於兩個前設。首先由於按個別情況興訟的可行性低,所以執法應該自動化。其二網絡服務供應商所依賴的避風港條款只會使問題更加嚴重,因此應該採用嚴格法律責任。商標標誌可被視為商標持有人的縮影,而商標標誌的穩定性除了對商標持有人有利之外,可謂對廣大社會也有裨益。法律所保障商標免被稀釋本身可說是一種對商標標誌完整性的精神權利的認可。但現時只有被認為著名,有聲譽,以及作商業用途的商標標誌才享有此權利。本文強調一般未達到著名或有聲譽,以及未作商業用途的商標標誌在社交媒體上應該受到同等免被未經授權使用的保障。就此,本文提出商標標誌應享有完整性的精神權利。在修法保障商標標誌完整性的精神權利前,本文建議在社交媒體這個空間裡採納積極的措施,以測試未來法律條文的可行性。此自動化的方案有可擴展性,使保障和執行知識產權既有效率,又可對準社會政策的目標,更必然會帶來算法公義。


The distribution and chemical form of uranium was investigated in leaves collected from plants of C. australis (Rubiaceae) growing in a mineralized soil in the Buller Gorge, N.Z. Only small amounts of uranium « 10%) were found in a low molecular weight form. The predominant occurrence of uranium (65%) was as a uranium-RNA complex, which was isolated by high-voltage electrophoresis from an aqueous, extract of the freeze-dried leaves. Uranium (25%) was released from the solvent-extracted leaf residue by pepsin, thus revealing the presence of a uranium-protein complex. However, in view of the known dissociation constants for these two complexes, and other tests, it is clear that the majority of the uranium in vivo is in the form of a uranium-protein complex. This finding is confirmed by a differential centrifugation experiment, in which it was shown that at least 50% of the total uranium was bound to cell wall proteins.


The advent of online game grasped user's eyesight quickly and become worldwide popular in a short time. For the values and lifestyle of a certain group is quite critical for marketers, they can make effective and valuable strategies by understanding the above factors, therefore, if the vast amount of online game users possess common features remain worthy to be explored. The objective of the study is to explore online game users' value and life style for practitioners to make future strategies. We send out 400 questionnaires to online game users and 327 were returned. Factor analysis was conducted to analyze to find out the features of the participants. The results indicated that online game users can be classified as the following three groups: fashion-pursuing, rational behaviour and duty-abiding. Accordingly, marketers should make effective and specific strategies when focusing on these groups so that they can significantly enhance the efficiency of decisions under limited resources.


The paper is based on the industrial metabolism,combining the manufacturing characteristics of enterprise,giving analysis method and approach of industrial metabolism for an enterprise.These resource efficiency,energy efficiency and environmental efficiency were regarded as index of energy saving and pollution reduction for enterprise to appraise the ecology level of enterprise.By using the data of a steel enterprise,it was analyzed by means of industrial metabolism as an example.First of all,analyzing the enterprise's production status,collecting various kinds of relevant manufacturing data,and clarifying the inputs and outputs of these material flows for the enterprise.Secondly,converting to the materials'amount which input enterprises into the natural resource amount(such as iron ore amount),and it is quality units to unify the measurement units of different materials.Then,calculating the amounts of input of natural resources and recycling resources into the enterprise,and output of byproducts and wastes from the enterprise.Finally,working out an input/output balance table of the enterprise,counting kinds and amounts of resources,energy,product and waste,clarifying which by products,waste are abandoned or utilized,pointing out the question existing in the work of energy saving and pollution reduction for the enterprise.It can be seen by analyzing that it was 1.457 ton/ton that the energy efficiency value was the highest;It was 0.455 ton/ton that resource efficiency is the minimum;It was 0.530 ton/ton that environmental efficiency to resource efficiency were slightly high in the enterprise.Its main reason lain in only there were 15.73%byproducts and wastes that were used by downstream enterprises or the process in this enterprise,remaining 84.27%had not been utilized,and entered into the environment.So,it was relatively low to cause the resource efficiency and environmental efficiency.In addition,the manufacturing in the enterprise nearly totally depended on natural resources,they account for 99.9%of amount of input resources,only 0.1%recycling resources(such as steel scrap)was reused.It was an important reason to causes a weak of resource and environment efficiency too.Based on this,five measures of energy saving and pollution reduction are given such as improving energy efficiency by strengthening recycling of remaining energy;decreasing amount of byproduct and waste by implementing cleaner production,reducing emission of waste by the material recycling within enterprise;enlarging recycling channel of the byproduct and waste by setting up the material recycling among enterprises;strengthening the reclamation of steel scrap by setting up steel scrap industry,etc.


The problem under discussion is the semantic peculiarities of the English verbs sit, stand and lie and patterns of spatial orientation represented by them. The attention is focused on the main types of situations of rest indicated by verbs of this group. The English verbs sit, stand and lie are initially associated with the nomination of a situation describing the position of the human body in space. Then their use expanded to include the nomination of the position of other objects of the surrounding world. Basing on the expression of sensory experience, subject-practical and mental activity of the speaker in relation to situations categorized in the verbs sit, stand and lie, we can talk about the following types of situations of rest of animate and inanimate objects: the posture of the object; the location of the object; metaphorical uses, including the conceptual metaphor «Receptacle / Container». The choice of a verb in each of the situations mentioned above depends on specific object parameters covered in this article.


Fine dots fabrication using dimpled mold is demonstrated with narrow gaps between neighboring dots. An inverted pyramidal dimpled mold is fabricated by the novel method utilizing the peculiarity of an anisotropic wet chemical etching to form narrow gaps. By this method, the nano-imprinting mold for a quantum dot array with narrow gaps is fabricated beyond the resolution limit of conventional lithography. The optimum imprinting conditions such as imprinting pressure, temperature, sequence, cooling procedure and surface treatment for the mold and substrate are investigated by preliminary experiments using the test mold, which has 2 to 10μm square dot arrays. Based on the preliminary experiments, 250nm-pitched dot array is successfully fabricated by the fine mold with narrow gaps.


Objectives: Full-thickness cartilage injury is not uncommon in patients undergoing primary treatment of Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Treatment of these lesions with microfracture is commonly performed. However, the outcomes of these procedures relative to other patients undergoing FAI surgery is not well established and the literature on this topic is limited to small, retrospective single surgeon studies. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate outcomes of patients who underwent concurrent FAI correction and acetabular microfracture and to identify predictors treatment failure. Methods: A prospective multicenter cohort study of the treatment of FAI was performed. A total of 760 hips undergoing primary FAI surgery were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were primary FAI surgery, Tonnis 0 or 1 osteoarthritis grade, and age between 16 and 55 years. A total of 61 hips underwent treatment of full-thickness acetabular cartilage lesions with microfracture, with 55 (90.2%) having follow-up greater than 1 year (mean 4.0 years). This group had a mean age of 35.0+10.1 years, BMI of 27.2+4.2, and included 81.8% (45/55) males. A comparison cohort of 492 hips undergoing primary FAI surgery without treatment of acetabular full-thickness cartilage was utilized. Baseline, intraoperative, and follow-up data was recorded including the modified Harris hip score (mHHS) and HOOS domains of pain, ADLs, sports and recreation, symptoms, and quality of life. Composite failure was characterized by reoperation [total hip arthroplasty (THA) or revision surgery] or clinical failure (failure to meet either MCID or PASS for mHHS). Age was assessed in 5 year intervals. Students t-test was used for continuous variables and chi squared were used for categorical variables. A p value less than 0.05 was considering significant. Results: Hips undergoing acetabular microfracture were more likely (compared to comparison cohort) to be male (81.8% vs. 40.9%, p<.001) older (35.0 vs. 29.9 years, p=0.001), had higher BMI (27.2 vs. 25.0, p=.001), and greater alpha angle (69.6 vs. 62.3, p<.001). In the microfracture cohort, 12.7% of patients progressed to THA (compared to 3.0% in comparison cohort, p=.001), while the rate of composite failure was similar to the comparison cohort (29.1% vs. 26.0%, p=.618). Age was highly correlated with the risk of THA and composite failure. The rate of THA for patients <35, 35-40*, and >40 years* of age was 0%, 20.0%, and 22.7% p=.016*), while the rate of composite failure in these groups was 17.4%, 20.0% and 45.5%, respectively (p=.029*). Hips greater than 35 years of age demonstrated inferior HOOS outcomes for domains of pain, ADLs, sports and recreation, QOL, and symptoms and SF-12 physical component scores(Table 1). Conclusions: The results of acetabular microfracture in patients undergoing FAI surgery at a mean follow-up of 4.0 years postoperatively are strongly correlated with age. Patients under 35 years of age demonstrate excellent outcomes with low rates of revision or progression to THA. Acetabular microfracture should have a limited to absent role in patients over the age of 40.


PURPOSE: A gas pressure adjuster is provided to secure safety for a user by precisely controlling minute pressure change of gas. CONSTITUTION: A gas pressure adjuster includes: a body(100) having a gas inlet(110) connected to a gas supply part, a gas outlet(120) connected to a gas equipment, and a partition with a communication hole(131); a cover(300) forming a specific space while covering the upper portion of the body; diaphragms(210,220) spacing apart from each other; a mobile shaft(500) integrated to the center of the diaphragms to move upwardly and downwardly by the expansion or contraction of the diaphragms and to open and close the communication hole; a gas path(510) guiding a portion of the gas of which pressure is firstly reduced; and a spring(400) connected to the upper face of the diaphragm and the lower face of the cover to set up the upward and downwardly displacement of the diaphragms. If high pressure gas instantaneously flows in through the gas inlet, the internal pressure in the part of the gas inlet is rapidly increased, and the first diaphragm(210) is expanded upwardly. Then, the space(S) between the lower portion of the mobile shaft and the communication hole narrows gradually. Thus, the amount of the gas passing through the communication hole is reduced rapidly. The pressure-reduced gas flows into the space between the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm. Then, the second diaphragm is expanded and the mobile shaft is lifted up by a specific height(H). The space(S) between the lower portion of the mobile shaft and the communication hole is adjusted more precisely. Therefore, the pressure of the inflow gas is adjusted. Moreover, stable flames are generated from a gas equipment.


A method is described for operating an internal combustion engine (10), wherein the internal combustion engine (10) having a supply path (14) for feeding an air mixture into the internal combustion engine (10), wherein the supply path (14) in the feed direction in succession a first portion (27 ), having a comparatively low pressure, a compressor (22) for compressing the air fed mixture and a second portion (29) having a comparatively high pressure wherein the internal combustion engine (10) an exhaust line (12) for discharging exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine ( 10), wherein the exhaust gas line (12) has a portion (43) with a comparatively low pressure of the exhaust gas, and wherein the internal combustion engine (10) has an exhaust gas recirculation (50) (at least a portion of that exhaust gas in the first portion 27 ) of the air supply (14) leads back that the comparatively low portion (43) of the exhaust line (12) with the n pressure flows through, wherein the recirculated portion of the exhaust and fresh air supplied to the supply path (14) form the air flowing through the mixture. A mass flow (71) of the recirculated portion of the exhaust gas is determined by the steps of: (a) determining a through the compressor (22) flowing mass flow (72); (B) determining a mass flow (70) of the fresh air supplied; and (c) mass flow determined subtracting the determined in step (b) mass flow (70) from the step (a) (72).


The polycrystal thin films of the diluted magnetic semiconductors Zn1-xFexSe were prepared by vacuum evaporation. The structure and composition of the films were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Optical absorption data showed that the energy gap E 8 decreases linearly with the composition x of Fe2+ ions. The best fitted relation is
Eg = 2. 722 - 2. 224x.


Low-resolution (LR) is a challenging problem in the real world. In order to obtain better performance for low-resolution face recognition (LRFR), this paper employs a novel approach for matching low-resolution images with high resolution (HR) images based on two-dimensional linear discriminant analysis (2D-LDA) and metric learning method. The LR and HR images are transformed into a common space via the 2D-LDA method in which the most discriminative information between them is preserved. Also, it overcomes the singularity and loss of the spatial information problem because of its matrix representation. To further improve the recognition performance, metric learning method is used based on neighborhood component analysis (NCA) which aims to maximize the leave-one-out (LOO) classification accuracy. Experiments on the ORL database with a wide range of resolutions illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method.


The paper presents the results of investigations on heat transfer in electronic packaging using thermoelectric cooling. The elements used for cooling, the so called Péltier elements, acts as a heat pump and transfer the heat between the "cold" zone and the "hot" zone. The thermoelectric elements are normally not used as stand alone devices, but integrated in a cooling module which includes the thermoelectric element, the heat source and the heatsink or fan. The balance between the ability of the cooler element to transport the heat and the self heating and heat spreading due to thermal transfer will determine the factor of merit for a certain cooling assembly. The new approach is the use of finite element software features in order to include thermoelectric specific effects by performing a thermal-electric coupled analysis. This offers the possibility to determine the efficiency parameters for the whole system in only one simulation environment.


Binding of a small and flexible molecule, ribocil A (non-binder) or B (binder), to the deep pocket of the aptamer domain of the FMN riboswitch was studied by mD-VcMD, which is a generalized-ensemble method based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Ribocil A and B are structurally similar because they are optical isomers mutually. In the initial conformation of simulation, both ligands and the aptamer were completely dissociated in explicit solvent. The resultant free-energy landscape of ribocil B binding to the aptamer was funnel-like, whereas that of ribocil A was rugged, which agrees qualitatively with an experiment. When entering the gate (named "front gate") of the pocket, the ligand interacted with the aptamer by native and non-native π-π stackings, and the stackings restrained the molecular orientation of the ligands to be advantageous to reach the binding site smoothly. The simulation showed another pathway, which also led the ligands to the binding site. Its gate (maned "rear gate") located completely opposite to the front gate on the aptamer's surface. However, approach from the rear gate required overcoming a free-energy barrier before reaching the binding site, and the ligands should rotate largely and sharply at the free-energy barrier. This ligand's orientation property is discussed referring to a ligand orientation selection mechanism exserted by a membrane protein capturing its ligand.


Multiplex network model has been recently proposed as a mean to capture high level complexity in real-world interaction networks. This model, in spite of its simplicity, allows handling multi-relationnal, heterogeneous, dynamic and even attributed networks. However, it requiers redefining and adapting almost all basic metrics and algorithms generally used to analyse complex networks. In this work we present MUNA: a MUltiplex Network Analysis library that we have developed in both R and Python on top of igraph network analysis package. In its current version, MUNA provides primitives to build, edit and modify multiplex networks. It also provides a bunch of functions computing basic metrics on multiplex networks. However, the most interesting functionality provided by MUNA is probably the wide variety of available community detection algorithms. Actually, the library implements different approaches for community detection including: partition aggregation approaches, layer aggregation approaches and direct multiplex approaches such as the GenLouvain and MuxLicod algorithms. It also offers an extended list of multiplex community evaluation indexes.


India is the third largest tobacco producer in the world. The main growing states are Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh. More importantly, the bulk (80 per cent) of the tobacco grown there is of the non-cigarette type. It is used to meet domestic demands as bidis, in hookahs, chewing tobacco and snuff. Apart from earning revenue for the state, the tobacco industry generates substantial employment. Around 1.2 million workers are involved in cultivating, curing and processing tobacco, and another 5, 00, 000 workers are occupied in the trade and distribution of different types of tobacco. Estimates of the total number of bidi workers are as high as 5 million approximately. Additionally, many are engaged in collecting tendu leaf. Bidi rolling is one of the major unorganized sector activities in India, which employs large number of women. The Government of India estimates that there are about 4.4 million workers in this industry. Of these, the majority are home-based women workers who live under the poverty line. Thus, there is a need to improve the living and working conditions, about the tendu leaf growers and the workers in unorganized sector. Also helps to understand the problems faced by the women bidi workers in the industry. As well as to promote decent employment and income opportunities for women bidi workers.


The article is on learning from the report of the 16th Party Congress .It inquires into the relations between keeping pace with the times and the Party mind line from the angle of the Party mind line, and shows that keeping pace with the times is one of the basic connotations of the Party mind line, and that in order to realize the Party mind line really, we must develop the spirit of keeping pace with the times. Confronted with the current new situations and tasks, all comrades of the whole party should keep the spiritual state of keeping pace with the times more conscientiously and implement the Party mind line creatively. The article holds that the raising of the keeping pace with the times thought is a new dedication of Comrade Jiang Zemin to the party mind line.


The present invention relates to a diffusing agent composition, which is an impurity diffusion layer for forming on a semiconductor substrate diffusing agent composition, comprising: polycarboxylic acid ester (A), the following formula (1) alcohol (B) and alkoxysilane compound (C). In (Formula (1), K is an integer of 0 to 3; m is an integer of 1 or more; R2 and R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or from 1 to 5 carbon atoms hydroxyalkyl; R2 and R3 when there is a plurality, the plurality of R2 and R3 may be the same or different; K is 2 or more, a plurality of R2 and R3 must contain one or more carbon atoms, hydroxyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 5 group; R4 and R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms) is.


The number and variety of regimens reported for treatment of H. pylori infection continues to grow. For example, at the Eighth International Workshop of Gastroduodenal Pathology and Helicobacter pylori in Edinburgh in July 1995 (Gut, vol 37; suppl 1) there were scores of abstracts describing many different regimens for eradication therapy. Unfortunately, the nomenclature, abbreviations, and symbols used by different authors to describe their combination therapies were nonuniform, confusing, and often laborious to read. These descriptions often take up a disproportionate amount of abstract space, particularly in comparative studies of two or more regimens, and make difficult rapid assessment and comparison of data. For example, omeprazole is variously referred to as 0, Om, O M E , Omep, and omeprazole; clarithromycin is referred to as C, Cl, Cla, Clar, Clari, Clarithro, and clarithromycin; and amoxicillin as A, Am, Amo, Amox, and amoxicillin, usually followed by a full prosaic description of the dose, duration, and frequency of each drug. There is a need for an agreed-on system of abbreviation for the rapid communication of different regimens. I would like to propose a succinct and uniform system of abbreviation of drug combinations to enhance communication by making treatments clear and easy to interpret, particularly in abstract form. Each drug is represented by the capitalized letter that begins its generic name (0 = omeprazole, L = lansoprazole, P = pantoprazole, C = clarithromycin, A = amoxicillin, M = metronidazole, etc.). The only important drugs that share the same first letter are tetracycline and tinidazole, but these two agents are not used in combinations wherein confusion could occur, as tetracycline generally is not used with proton pump inhibitors and tinidazole generally is not used in combination with bismuth. However, the second letter of each could be added as a subscript if desired (ie., T, = tinidazole, T, = tetracycline). Bismuth in its various forms would be denoted as B. A subscript could denote the particular formulation of bismuth (i.e., B, for bismuth subsitrate and B, for bismuth subsalicylate). Ranitidine bismuth citrate would be designated Rbc to distinguish it from ranitidine (R). The duration of treatment (in days) would be shown by a single number at the end of the abbreviated drug name. Following, in parentheses, would be the dose and frequency for each drug, in order. For brevity, the Latin abbreviations for dosing would be used, i.e., mane, once in the morning; bid, twice daily; tid; three times daily; and qid, four times daily). For the modernists, this could be substituted as X l , X2, X3, and X4, if desired. Thus, "standard" triple therapy would be written as BTM 14 (120 mg qid; 500 mg qid; 400 mg tid), or as B,T,M 14 (120 mg X4; 500 mg X4; 400 mg X3). Similarly, a 1-week omeprazole-tinidazole-clarithromycin combination would be designated as OTC 7 (20 mg bid; 500 mg bid; 250 mg bid). Differences in the duration of treatment of any drug would be indicated after each letter. For example, omeprazole for 28 days, in combination with amoxicillin and metronidazole both for 7 days, would be written as 0 2 8 A7 M 7 (20 mg bid; 500 mg tid; 400 mg tid). This system allows for variation in any parameter of a drug combination to be easily discernible. Uniform use of this system will promote clear, concise communication of eradication therapies by summarizing the drugs used and their duration, dosage, and frequency in a way that is intuitive and quick to comprehend. This system avoids the clumsy, lengthy, and confusing variety of abbreviations currently in use.


Nanostructured semiconductors are promising candidates for thermoelectric materials owing to their superior thermal insulating properties over their bulk counterparts. In this study, a one-dimensional, crystalline nanostructure synthesized by sintering Si nanoparticles, called Nano Particle Chain (NPC) structures, is proposed. The structure is systematically analyzed for its thermal transport properties and compared with the nanowire counterparts. Both classical molecular dynamics and lattice dynamics tools were employed to evaluate lattice thermal conductivity (k) and to perform phonon mode level decomposition. A marked reduction in the phonon relaxation time of the NPC structure was observed indicating possible effects of phonon-boundary/constriction scatterings. This has resulted in a two-order reduction in k in NPC structures over bulk Si. Further, one order reduction of k of NPC structures was attained with respect to a nanowire of the same constriction size, indicating the effectiveness of the mismatch of particle and constriction diameters as an efficient thermal suppression mechanism. With the addition of a second material of different mass, the NPC structures can be further diversified to core/shell configurations. It was also identified that a non-monotonic variation of k exists, with a minimum in core/shell NPC structures. This effect is materialized by using a Ge-like fictitious material to coat the original Si nanoparticles, owing to competing effects of two phonon suppression mechanisms. Moreover, these core/shell NPC structures are compared with previously reported diameter modulated core/shell nanowire structures [E. Blandre et al., Phys. Rev. B, 91, 115404 (2015)] to highlight their capability to enhance the thermoelectric performance over conventional one-dimensional nanostructure configurations.


The article provides modern definitions and classification of urticaria. The general provisions of the treatment of chronic urticaria, the treatment of which is often very difficult, are outlined. The main provisions of the treatment of urticaria were formulated, according to which the patient should be treated until the rash is completely resolved. In chronic urticaria, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the causes of dermatosis; avoid exposure to identified triggers; increase tolerance; pharmacological treatment should be aimed at preventing the release of mast cell mediators and/or the effects of mast cell mediators.
The goal of treatment should be to relieve the symptoms of urticaria as completely as possible, taking into account the safety and quality of life of the patient in each individual case.
The importance of identifying and addressing underlying causes and avoiding identified triggers is emphasized. The therapy algorithm is considered in detail, including 4 lines according to the European guidelines and domestic clinical guidelines. Particular attention is paid to the treatment of various subtypes of chronic urticaria. A comparative description of the most effective antihistamines, including generics, is given.


INTRODUCTION
Depression is a global mental disorder that has high incidence, high recurrence, and high self-mutilation and suicide rates. Although the antidepressant drugs are available for the treatment, depression still continues to be a major medical problem. The present study was designed to study the anti-depressant activity of the leaves extract of Zanthoxylum armatum using forced swim test and tail suspension test (TST) on Swiss albino mice.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The anti-depressant activity of the leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum was assessed using chronic unpredictable mild-stress (CUMS) induced depression in mice. The animals were treated with the methanolic extract of leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum orally at two doses of 100, 200 mg/kg body weight for eight days after (CUMS) induced depression in mice.
RESULTS
The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by tukey multiple comparison test. The leaves extract presented significant antidepressant activity in mice (p<0.05),
CONCLUSION
The results demonstrate that methanolic extract of leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum has got significant antidepressant activity.


This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project developed of an improved low-temperature asphalt binder specification method. The report examines the effectiveness and/or deficiencies of current Performance Graded Asphalt Cement specification testing to predict low-temperature performance. It documents the development of a new and apparently more accurate specification approach that avoids the problems of current methods. The ability of various binder properties to predict transverse stress cracking in the field is assessed from a total of 17 pavement trial sections constructed in northern Ontario. The properties considered include those obtained from the bending beam rheometer and direct tension test as well as those from a more fundamental fracture mechanics-based test method. The results indicate that the currently used grading procedure does a reasonable yet not perfect job at predicting the ranking for most sections within each site but a poor job at the prediction of the onset of cracking. Physical aging of the binder is indicated as a likely cause for early distress. Other deficiencies in current specification testing, such as inadequate chemical aging in the pressure aging vessel and the absence of true fracture mechanics-based failure tests in both the brittle and ductile states, are evaluated and recommendations are provided to address most problems. The method as developed in this project was able to predict the onset of low-temperature cracking with much improved accuracy for five northern Ontario trial sections that showed early distress.


Background: Catheter associated urinary tract infections(CAUTIs) are the most common health care acquired infection and leading cause of morbidity. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of CAUTI and impact of resident and nursing education towards hand hygiene to reduce CAUTI. Methods: The study was conducted in Chirayu medical college, Bhopal after approval from institutional Research Committee for a period of 3 months. Admitted patients are enrolled in our study, according to given inclusion and exclusion criteria with their written informed consent. 7 Days nursing education will be done with informative illustrative charts 30 minutes daily for 7 days following which the Intensive Care Unit will be observed for reduction in incidence of CAUTI rates for a period of 3 months. Results And Conclusion: In our stuty. the incidence of CAUTI preintervention was 35.6% and decreases to 9.2% post intervention which suggests that aseptic insertion of indwelling catheters and evidence-based care bundle utilization are not only important in the reduction of CAUTIs also the nursing autonomy with patients and situational awareness promoted through catheter necessity discussions are keys in delivering timely care reduces CAUTIS and length of catheter days.


Haliclonol (2), a unique hydroxylated tyetrahydropyranone, was isolated from the Caribbean sponge Haliclona hogarthi, and its structure, including absolute stereochemistry, was elucidated by spectroscopic (ir, nmr, ms and cd) data


We study the existence and uniqueness of global strong solutions and the exponential decay of the energy for the following non linear damped hyperbolic equation: where ω i and g is a C1 function satisfying


The utility model relates to a floating clamp for the reaming of the metal cutting machine. The utility model is characterized in that the floating clamp is composed of a mohs taper shank 1, a steel ball 2, a lock sleeve 3, a locking steel ball 4, a changeable taper sleeve 5, a compression spring 6, and a spacing steel ball 7, wherein, the mohs taper shank 1 is connected with the changeable taper sleeve 5 in a steel ball connection mode. When using, the steel ball can play the role of the automatic regulation, and therefore, the error of the machine tool can be counteracted, and the machining precision can be improved. The effect is better, and the utility model can ream out the hole type component with H7 accuracy rate. The utility model has the advantages of easy assembly and disassembly, and simple and safe operation.


The tectonic evolution of the Penninic units and the distal European margin during Late Cretaceous-Paleogene time is very well constrained in the Western and Central Alps. In the Eastern Alps, the evolution of these units is controversial. I discuss three main problems: (1) the eastward continuation of the Northpenninic oceanic basin (Valais); (2) the eastward continuation of the Middlepenninic microplate (Briançonnais); and (3) the paleogeographic position of the Rhenodanubian flysch basin. (1) In the Eastern Alps, many palinspastic reconstructions display a Northpenninic position of the Glockner nappe within the Tauern window; the Matrei zone above is supposed to be Southpenninic. Because no continental units occur between the Glockner nappe and the Matrei zone, it is assumed that the Middlepenninic only extends to the area of the Engadine window. Other observations suggest that both the Glockner nappe and the Matrei zone are Southpenninic. (2) Older models suggested that the Zentralgneis in the central Tauern window with its sedimentary cover (Venediger nappe) forms the continuation of the Briançonnais. Recent tectonic reconstructions have shown that the Venediger nappe was part of the distal European margin. However, it was also suggested that certain gneiss lamellae above the Venediger nappe may have been derived from the Briançonnais. (3) The paleogeographic position of the Rhenodanubian flysch basin is commonly supposed to be Northpenninic. However, this was often based on the assumption that the Venediger nappe formed the continuation of the Briançonnais; the Rhenodanubian flysch was reconstructed in a position north of it. Based on micropaleontological and stratigraphic criteria, a Middlepenninic position along the northern margin of the Briançonnais was suggested by other workers. A third model proposed a Southpenninic position. At present, general reconstructions indicate that the Middlepenninic microplate ends east of the Engadine window. Thus, the North- and Southpenninic basins merge into a single basin east of this window. However, the occurrence of dismembered continental basement slices within the Tauern window has not yet been taken into account.


Here we are discussing the feasibility to produce a powerful thermonuclear neuron source on the basis of double pulses of KeF laser.


15 Background. Ampelisca eschrichtii Krøyer, 1842 of the Sakhalin Shelf of the Okhotsk Sea, Far Eastern Russia, comprise the highest known biomass concentration of any amphipod population in the world and are a critically important prey source for western gray whales. Growth and reproduction in this population has not been apparent in summer. However, they are not accessible for sampling in winter to test a previous default conclusion that they grow and reproduce in winter. 16


1Veterinary Association for Wildlife Management, Smiths Cottage, North Heath, Chieveley, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 8UA

SIR, – As veterinary surgeons we read the letter from Mr Neil Sargison and others ( VR , March 4, 2006, vol 158, p 309) calling for the relicensing of the pyrethroid plunge dips


The ongoing challenge of getting your kids to brush their teeth reportedly just got easier with the introduction of Kolibree's new smart toothbrush and advanced Kolibree app.


Fat contents of full-fat sweet milk powder and full-fat milk powder were analyzed by Gerber method and Rose-Gettieb method respectively to found the reason for the systematical error in Gerber method. Then constructive methods were proposed to enhance the accuracy of dairy testing by Gerber method. The results showed that the carbonization reaction between concentrated sulfuric acid and carbohydrate mainly accounted for the systematical error in Gerber method. So using error index may increase the testing accuracy of Gerber method in detection of dairy containing carbohydrate. Besides, slowly pouring the dairy into the milk fat might decrease the error by depressing the carbonization reaction. Rapid addition of isoamyl alcohol benefited the rapid generation of resolvable sodium metabisulphate paracasem calcium salt, which may equably dissolve in the solution, preventing the formation of the crescent fat layer, thereby reducing the carbonization and error.


This case study is to discover critical factors for e-business success in Sri Lanka with special reference to text books and stationaries. The study was mainly carried out through questionnaire administered to 35 book stores and interviews conducted with the stakeholders. Conceptual framework and testable hypotheses were arrived at by using the key concepts and presumed relationships between dependent and independent factors. Analysis performed on the predictor eight factors and the e-business success and results showed that customer focus and e-business organisational cultures are the main critical factors for e-business success. Furthermore, e-business strategy, strong e-leadership, website design and content management and suitable technologies were highly correlated with customer focus and e-business organisational culture. It is an exploratory research case study related to an application area of IT.


Objective To study the femoral ischemia necrosis of its various imaging diagnostic value and method of clinical significance.Methods Summarizes 46 patients with ischemic necrosis cases,male femoral 28 cases,female 18 cases. The cases do ordinary X-ray,CT and MRI.Results X-ray diagnosis of early avascular necrosis of limited value ischemic, CT and MRI showed avascular necrosis of performance have different features.Conclusion MRI femoral ischemia of the most important diagnostic necrotic clinical value,followed by CT.


A problem to be solved now is determining the hub nodes of hydraulic losses arising during the operation of power plant equipment. Detection of such points directly by measuring devices on the operating equipment is impossible as it is difficult to access many elements of the flow part of the units. Development of digital models of equipment allows simulating these processes and with a high degree of accuracy determining the location of increased hydraulic losses. The aim of this work is to determine the magnitude and localization of hydraulic losses in the control valve of the steam turbine. The analysis of steam turbine valve operation has been carried out based on thermodynamic, hydraulic and mechanical parameters, which are taken directly during the operation of the power plant by standard control and measuring devices. The obtained information was processed by the finite element method in the Ansys and SolidEdge Flow Simulation programs and by three-dimensional modeling in the SolidEdge software package. We have obtained a three-dimensional model of the control valve and determined the fields of pressure, velocity, etc. distribution in the volume of the control valve under different operating conditions by the finite element method. During the processing of the obtained information, we found excessive energy losses of water vapor arising during its throttling in the control valve. Such losses produce a significant effect on the power developed by the turbine pump. During the operation of the drive turbine, the pressure losses of the working medium in the steam distribution system vary in the range of 300–500 kPa (37–62 % of the initial pressure before the control valve). The goal set in the work has been fully achieved. Verification of the developed three-dimensional model was made on the basis of the operational parameters taken during the steam turbine operation. The application of the work results, both for modernizing the existing units and designing new equipment, will increase the efficiency of electric energy production at the power unit of the station.


The use of effective potentials, including static, exchange, and polarization contributions, to treat electron scattering at intermediate energy is discussed. The discussion is illustrated by applications involving H, He, Ar, Mg, H2, Li2, N2, CO, and CO2 targets.


The  EUCARPIA European Plant Genetic Resources Conference «Pre6breeding – fishing in the gene pool» was held at the campus of the Swedish University of Agricultural Science  (SLU) in Alnarp from 10 to 13 June  2013. This meeting gathered various members of the gene bank community of practice as well as users of the genetic resources  from all around the World.


Although ancient Chinese political thoughts and ancient Greek and Roman political thoughts were based on feudal economy,they differ.This paper conducts comparative analysis on their political thoughts from the aspects of historical and natural conditions,basis for social establishment,basis for political thoughts,organizational form for state power,and qualities of emperors,discusses the causes for the differ- ences and their far-reaching influences on the political thoughts of China and Europe in the Middle Ages, modem times and contemporary times.


AbstrAct E-business is key to export development for developing economy firms. There are however key barriers and facilitators to e-business adoption for small and large internationalizing firms the world over. This chapter sets to find out, by means of the testing of key hypothesis, the main barriers and facilitators of e-business adoption by Ghanaian export firms. We adopt a quantitative approach to this study and draw our study sample from a directory of active non-traditional exporters (NTEs) in Ghana. We find that an export firm's international orientation, owner/management idiosyncrasies, e-sophistication of partners, export firm's characteristics (age, number of employees and location) and weak government regulation have no significant influence on e-business adoption by Ghanaian NTE firms. On the other hand, competitive pressure (as measured by competition from Ghanaian export firms and growth in size of export operations) significantly facilitates e-business adoption. Internal resource constraints (measured by technological and financial resources for e-business adoption and business culture) and environmental bottlenecks (measured by lack of support from export sector regulators and export associations and high internet access fees carged by ISPs) also reduce the likelihood of e-business adoption by Ghanaian NTE firms. We find interestingly that Export facilitation (measured by pressures from GEPC and FAGE) and digitalization (measured by perceived importance of e-business in digitalizing export operations and improving export competitiveness) perceived to facilitate e-business adoption however exhibit significant negative relationships with adoption. We proffer some explanations for this unusual finding and provide general management implications for improving e-business practices amongst the various players in Ghana's non-traditional export sector.


BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is a very common disease and elderly people appears to carry the worst prognostic outcome. The objective of this paper is to identify a possible relation between the evolutive phase of the appendicitis, age of the patient and hospital length of stay. METHODS: A total of 272 patients submitted to appendectomy were retrospectively evaluated regarding the evolutive phase of appendicitis, age of the patient and of hospital length of stay. The evolution of the inflammatory process was classified by the hystopathologic exam in four types: catarrhal, phlegmonous, suppurative and gangrenous. RESULTS: Males were 193 (70%) and the median age of all patients was 29 years. The mean hospital length of stay was 4.3 days. The incidence of the different evolution phases was: 88 cases (32.3%) for catarrhal, 79 (29%) for phlegmonous form, 70 (25.7%) for suppurative and 35 (12.8%) gangrenous. The analysis of the mean age and mean lenght of stay in the hospital was: 27.9 years and 3.7 days for the catarrhal type, 28.4 years and 3.9 days for phlegmonous type, 30.1 years and 5 days for the supurative type and 35 years and 5.2 days for the gangrenous type. When they were grouped, the mean age and length of stay were: 28.1 years and 3.8 for the group catarrhal + phlegmonous and 30.7 years and 5 days for the supurative + gangrenous group. There was statistical significance between the evolution phase of the appendicitis and the hospital length of stay (p=0.01) and between age and evolution of the appendicitis (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced evolutive phases of appendicitis trends to stay longer in hospital, tends particularly in older patients.


I examined the increase of symposium issues and offered some theories on what that rise means. I also explored who publishes in these issues, what they are about, and whether they are qualitatively stronger or weaker than regular or mixed issues in these same reviews. I also discovered that certain writers tend to appear together, particularly in symposia in the top reviews, and that women and minorities were generally poorly represented.


Environmental endocrine disruptors are pollutants of many chemical classes,which are ubiquitous and persistent in the environment and can exert adverse effects on the endocrine system. Environmental endocrine disruptors are easily absorbed by the body, but not excreted. They are synergistic and hereditary. Therefore,environmental endocrine disruptors will severely destroy public health. Environmental endocrine disruptors, bringing about changes in morphology and function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, interfering with the metabolism and transportation of estrogen, improve estrogen levels. They can activate estrogen receptor and enhance its sensitivity. By these means, environmental endocrine disruptors lead to early puberty development.

Key words:
Endocrine disruptors;  Puberty;  Precocious


Abstract The effects of colchicine tablets on Torenia hybrids ( Torenia fournieri x Torenia asiatica ) were studied. Nodes and leaf sections were cut and soaked in 15 ppm concentration of colchicine solution for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The highest frequency of polyploid induction was 25% at the soaking duration of 48 hours. The results showed that the plants regenerated from the colchicine-treated explants displayed some of the morphological characteristics of polyploids, such as thick stems and shorter plant height.  Keywords: tetraploid; polyploid; ornamental; mutation


DC networks that include storage systems, renewable sources, dc loads, and front-end converters can provide some advantages as compared with ac grids. However, the interruption of fault currents is difficult due to no-zero crossing of the current. Moreover, the fault clearing time of traditional dc circuit breakers can be too long for protecting power electronics switching components. Multiport converters seem to be a good solution for solving the aforementioned problem. The introduction of a multiport dc/dc converter, along with its configuration and a centralized control for power flow management, is proposed in the initial sections of this study. After this, this paper focuses on the study of system behavior during fault functioning conditions. Both pole-to-pole and pole-to-ground faults are investigated. The authors propose some control strategies and hardware solutions to overcome dc protection issues during several fault types. Some numerical simulation results are provided.


Based on the measured data of seven times investigation in 2007 and 2008,this paper analyzed the change process of water quality in Songyuan River and Duobao reservoir and discussed the reasons of deterioration of water quality.According to the characteristics of water quality change,the countermeasures of cleaning method and scientific management were proposed so as to serve for the "people-oriented" and green rise of a harmonious Meizhou society.


Software process improvement in small organizations is a challenging task where the "smallness" brings a number of unique problems. We report the status of our work on creating ISO 9001 compliant quality systems in a small software organization.


The increased importance of knowledge and the role of universities inthe incubation of technology-based firms gives universities a more prominent placein economic development. Their engagement in the support to business innovation,however, is not the same in all economically developed countries. In Italy, wherecooperation between universities and companies does not have a long tradition, thereis a substantial shift away from the model of the university as an ivory tower.The paper argues that the propensity of Italian universities to take economicadvantage of the results of research has grown in recent years and it is distributedunevenly among universities. Results from a multivariate analysis conducted on theItalian public universities show that the main factors influencing this distribution are:the amount of researchers dedicated to technological disciplines, the specialization ofthe local economic milieu in high-tech activities and, finally, the quality of researchthat fosters extra-local networks.The paper also presents the results of in-depth qualitative case studies on the roleof technology transfer offices. The effectiveness of these intermediate organizationsincreases when officers are professionally skilled, when liaison offices are stronglyendorsed by academic institutions and when their activities are reinforced by thepresence of a local or regional network of intermediaries and by forward-lookingand continuous public policies.


There is provided a contacting device which can reduce the fixed contacts and the movable contact member between the gap and to reduce the number of parts, thereby the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Electromagnetic switch is also provided a use of the contact means. The exposure apparatus provided with: a pair of pillar-shaped fixed contact members (6a, 6b), the pair of columnar fixed contact member is fixed to a predetermined distance to a surface of the insulating container (4), and at least the front edge of the contact surface of the fixed contact protruding into the insulating airtight containers; movable contact (11), the movable contact is arranged with the pair of stationary contacts (6a, 6b) contact and separation; and a pair of annular permanent arc magnets (9a, 9b), the arc of the annular permanent magnets are attached to the outer circumferential surface of the fixed contact member (6a, 6b), and will drive to the outside of the arc.


The flowmeter comprises a mechanical flow measuring unit 12 arranged in the casing to measure the flow passing through the outer casing and the casing such that fluid brought to the adjusted flow connection through the fluid to be measured in operation connection, the casing is of plastic It made of a material composed of at least two portions (30, 32). Two portions of the casing are together are permanently bonded or connected (34 and 36) surrounding the measuring unit.


Objective To explore the mechanism of anti-injury effects of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Natural killer T cell (NKT cell) was induced in vitro to simulate the inflammatory characteristics of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Peripheral blood mononuclcar cells (PBMC) were cultured with addition of interferon-γ (IFN-γ),CD3 antibody and interleukin-2 to contain high proportion of CD3+ CD56+ NKT cell,which was collected and cultured with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The cultured supernatants were harvested and NKT phenotype was identified by flow cytometry. The levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 ) and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) in supernatants were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected by liquid chip technique. CD3+ CD56+ NKT cell was cultured with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and then co-cultured with 16HBE for four hours. The cell survival counting of 16HBE was detected by CCK8 assay. Results Mesenchymal stem cells had immunomodulatory effects on T lymphocyte subsets including CD3+ CD56+ NKT cell,reduced CD3+ CD56+ NKT cell in peripheral blood monouclear cells,induced differentiation of regulatory T cell,and reduced the levels of IFN-γ,TNF-α and other inflammatory cytokines. After co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells,CD3+ CD56+ NKT cell decreased from (20. 33±1. 05)%to (15.17±1.75)%( P <0. 05). Secreting high levels of TGF-β1 and IP-10 was an important molecular basis of immunomodulation of mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells relieved NKT cell-mediated damage of lung epithelial cells. Conclusions Mesenchymal stem cells have immunomodulatory effects on T lymphocyte subsets including CD3+ CD56+ NKT cell,and play a protective role in killing lung epithelial cells mediated by NKT cell.

Key words:
Pulmonary fibrosis; Natural killer T cell; Mesenchymal stem cell; Immunomodulation


In this paper simple expressions are presented to assess the deflection curve, elastic critical load and fundamental period of coupled shear walls of variable thickness. A numerical example is given for illustration. In addition, it is shown that a coupled wall of certain static and dynamic properties can be designed by reducing appropriately the thickness of a uniform system with the same properties such that, in many cases, lengthy calculations need not be carried out for practical design.


The remote sensing rewurces to track and observe the characteristics (shape and height) of Antarctic tabular icebergs have advanced significantly. The main observing system of visible and infrared imagery from the polar orbiting satellites is severely limited by clouds and low light levels. These sensor spectral disadvantages are alleviated by using 25 km passive microwave Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSMD) data that can detect these huge bergs during adverse weather conditions. Spaceborne altimeters like GEOSAT, while limited to nadir viewing only, are also capable of distinguishing iceberg "hits" due to the change in backscatter and elevation during satellite ovcrflights. Examples combining these three sensors illustrate a means of data fusion, necessary to detect and map tabular icebergs for studies ranging from ocean circulation to potential global climate changes.


(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)In July 2009 a novel that had been banned for 15½ years quietly went on sale again. That novel was Jia Pingwa's Fei du (...), or Decadent Capital. Set in the 1980s in the fictional provincial capital of Xijing (...), the story follows the celebrated writer Zhuang Zhidie through various extramarital affairs as he battles a lawsuit and tries to finish a novel. The 2009 edition was not the same as the original, however: the 1993 edition possessed a key feature that the new one did not. It was not the sex; that was left untouched. But the blank squares - ... - followed by "(the author has deleted ncharacters)" (zuozhe shan qun zi...), strewn throughout the 1993 text in place of sexual descriptions edited out by Jia, were replaced in 2009 by ellipses - ...... - and "(here the author has made deletions)" (ci chu zuozhe you shan jie ...).The change may seem minor, but this second censorship reveals what is at stake in post-Tiananmen cultural governance: the closure of alternative publics.(1)Decadent Capital, constituted as it was through censorship, nevertheless defies it, as my reading will argue. In this article I first situate the novel in the post-socialist literary landscape from which it emerged in 1993 and analyse its depiction of that very landscape. I then examine the critical discourse surrounding the infamous blank squares, both their appearance in the first edition and their disappearance from the reissue. Finally, by way of a brief consideration of their place in modern Chinese literary history, I contend that the blank squares not only make public censorship itself but also constitute the space of alternative publics, whether harking back to an elided past or projecting into a future yet to be written.The literary marketplaceFirst published amidst a veritable uproar in the summer of 1993, Decadent Capital signalled perhaps more than any other work of the reform period the transformation of the publishing industry that started with marketisation - reduction of state subsidies and purchases, decentralisation, the lifting of controls on prices and resource allocation - in the 1980s and accelerated after Deng Xiaoping's celebrated "southern tour" in 1992.(2)There were rumours (promotional ploy or not) of bidding wars and a million-yuan advance, and more than a dozen publishers vied for the novel before it was even completed. After Beijing Publishing House won the book contract, demand was so high that it sold its printing rights to six other presses.(3) Then in January 1994, the ban was announced. Printing and distribution were stopped, copies were recalled, and not only were the publisher's profits confiscated, it was assessed twice the amount in fines. (4)Speculated on for months - perhaps another ruse to drive up sales - the ban, when it did come, came as no surprise, for the text, marked as it is by manifest instances of self-censorship, still contains a healthy dose of explicit sex, as seen in this scene featuring the protagonist Zhuang Zhidie and one of his mistresses, Tang Wan'er (...):Tang Wan'er was going to take off her shoes and stockings completely, but Zhuang Zhidie said he preferred her with heels, lifted her legs and, standing by the bed, started to do it. ... (the author has deleted three hundred seventy-nine characters) She was screaming, attached yet in motion. Zhuang Zhidie had never experienced this, and immediately his male desire to conquer bounded. He counted to a hundred and didn't come early, surprising even himself. Tang Wan'er's face had long been flushed, her hair wild, yet she sat up and said: "Let me change positions for you!" She got off the bed and bent over the side. Zhuang Zhidie still didn't come, his eyes fixing on a blue birthmark on her left butt, not saying a word, only hyperventilating. She paused to take off her shoes and stockings, ^^^^^^ (the author has deleted two hundred thirteen characters) Zhuang Zhidie drunkenly watched her contort like a worm, her lips quivering, eyes rolling, then she emitted a sudden yell, (the author has deleted fifty characters). …


Porous titanium alloy–bioactive glass composite coatings were produced via flame spray deposition. The porous coatings, targeted for bone fixation and orthodontic devices, were made from bioactive glass (45S5) powder blended with one of two titanium powders: commercially pure titanium (Cp-Ti) or titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). The coatings were characterized by cross-sectional quantitative metallography, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The porosity and glassy phase distributions were determined by image analysis of optical micrographs, in accordance with ASTM Standard E2109. Selection of Cp-Ti or Ti-6Al-4V alloy, along with alteration of the particle size distribution of bioactive glass, dramatically changed the morphology and phases present within each coating. The consequences on the bioactive response were characterized with immersion testing in simulated body fluid for up to 14 d. The coatings were analyzed for the presence o...


PT KHW is a company engaged in the manufacture of cotton and gauze for health and cosmetic purposes. The gauze products produced by the company sometimes exceed the number of consumer demands and sometimes there is a shortage of products. Therefore, good production planning in order to meet consumer demand with the right amount and the right time is needed so the increased profits are obtained. This study aims to determine the optimal amount of production, determine the profits obtainedby the company and determine the production costs that must be incurred by the company. This study uses the goal programming method to optimize the amount of production by determining the decision variables, constraint functions and target functions.The goal functions are arranged based on the priority level desired by the company. The goal priorities considered include thegoal of maximizing the amount of production, maximizing product sales profits, minimizing production costs, minimizing the use of rawmaterials, maximizing production time, and minimizing overtime.


No country has been a stronger magnet for foreign direct investment than the United States. Valued at $3.5 trillion, the U.S. stock of inward foreign direct investment accounted for 17 percent of the world total in 2011, more than triple the share of the next largest destination.Foreign direct investment is ultimately a judgment by the world's value creators about a country's institutions, policies, human capital, and prospects. As the world's largest economy, the United States has been able to attract the investment needed to produce the innovative ideas, revolutionary technologies, and new products and industries that have continued to undergird its position atop the global economic value chain.But the past is not necessarily prologue. Indeed, while the U.S. claim to 17 percent of the world's stock of foreign direct investment is impressive, the share stood at 39 percent as recently as 1999. It has been 12 years since the annual value of U.S. inward FDI set a record high of $314 billion, and since then, annual flows have failed to establish an upward trend. The current U.S. business environment conspires to deter inward investment and to encourage companies to offshore operations that could otherwise be performed competitively in the United States. A proper accounting of these policies, followed by implementation of reforms to remedy shortcomings, will be necessary if the United States is going to compete effectively for the investment required to fuel economic growth and higher living standards.


Layered transition metal oxide P2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 usually suffers from large‐volume phase transitions and different Na‐vacancy ordering during sodium (de)intercalation, incurring rapid capacity decline and poor rate capability. Herein, an effective strategy based on synergetic effect of selected multiple metal ions is designed for P2‐type cathodes with improved performance. The role of tetravalent titanium provides high redox potential, inactive divalent magnesium stabilizes the structure, and the monovalent lithium smooths the electrochemical curves. The combined analysis of in operando X‐ray diffraction, in operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations demonstrates the contribution of multi‐metal ions converts the unfavorable and large‐volume P2 to O2 transition into a moderate "Z"‐intergrowth structure by increasing the energy barrier of transition metal slab gliding. As a consequence, the resultant P2‐Na0.7Li0.03Mg0.03Ni0.27Mn0.6Ti0.07O2 electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 134 mAh g−1, a working voltage of 3.57 V, excellent cycling stability (82% of capacity retention after 200 cycles), and superior rate performance (110 mAh g−1 at 4 C). Full cells fabricated with a hard carbon anode achieve an energy density of 296 Wh kg−1. This study presents a route to rationally design cathode materials with this functionalization to improve the cell performance for sodium‐ion batteries.


Research needed to study how restorative practice is performed in all countries of the world. Purpose: Investigate the causes of the placed and replaced restorations by northern Iraqi dentists. Method: A Practice-based study performed by seventy general practitioner dentists and one hundred of fourth and fifth grades of dental students from a dental faculty participated to perform this study. The study included filing forms about restorative dentistry practice during the normal working time of the dentists and during restorative dentistry course of the dental students. Results: Of the 10029 restorations included in this study, the placed restorations are more than the replaced ones with a statistically significant difference. The results show that the age group of 15-19 had the highest initial restoration placed (90%), in contrast, the highest restoration replacement was in >60 age group (23%). Conclusions: The study revealed different aspects of the restorative practice in Northern Iraq, for the first time in the region. The information is of significance that will make a relation between the experienced clinicians and academics in Iraq.


Technological applications of heterogeneous nanocatalysts on supports have generally relied on the surface or interface properties of supports. Herein, we report a facile approach to fabricate roughened surfaces on halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) through etching the wall of HNTs in a molten-salt system. SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, AFM and N2 adsorption/desorption analysis are employed to systematically investigate the morphology, structure and surface properties. The results suggest that the roughness of HNTs surface has been significantly increased and defects are formed on the tube wall without structural damage. Subsequently, the roughened halloysite nanotubes (RHNTs) are used as supports to prepare heterogeneous nanocatalyst. Pt nanoparticles with a uniform size can be homogeneously deposited onto the RHNTs surfaces via a one-step hydrothermal reduction. The as-prepared Pt@RHNTs catalyst exhibits remarkably improved activity and selectivity for the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde towards cinnamyl alcohol compared with the pristine halloysite support. Furthermore, Pt@RHNTs catalyst shows rapid catalytic rates in hydrogenation reactions and excellent leaching resistance in cycle uses.


Law & Literature, Vol. 21, Issue 3, pp. 1–. issn 1535-685x, electronic issn 151-2601. © 200 by The Cardozo School of Law of Yeshiva University. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintinfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525 /lal.200.21.3.1 Reply to the Respondents Paul Rabinow, Gaymon Bennett, Anthony Stavrianakis*


on their body and bodily sensations entirely. This does mean that there are no demonstrations of activities or exercises, though Blank describes many in detail. The Unapologetic Fat Girl's Guide is a more general read suited for a broader audience, who may be unfamiliar with fat politics or Health at Every Size. It also focuses entirely on guiding the reader toward "body practice" and self-care. It's a guide to making sense of one's own body and navigating the inner and outer worlds of physical activity. Great Shape also encourages the reader to develop bodily awareness and competency, but focuses much more on debunking myths, describing fat positive experiences, and addressing particular kinds of physical activities. Both books offer resources in the appendices, and although they were at one time the most up to date, the resources in Great Shape are now outdated. However, the Health at Every Size arguments in Great Shape are the same arguments advocated by scholars and activists today. Michaela A. Nowell University of Wisconsin-Fond du Lac Fond du Lac, WI


In this paper, a method is proposed to assist computer science lecturers in including StackOverflow content in their teaching practice. StackOverflow is a very popular Q&A website about computer programming accessed by approximately 21 million professional developers and university-level students. The primary purpose reported in this paper is to assess the impact of using the StackOverflow Q&A resource as an add-in supplement to enhance students' learning achievements. The study sample consisted of 38 undergraduate students who enrolled in a database module. Students were divided in control and experimental group. Pre-tests and post-tests were conducted with both groups in the chosen subject. A comparison was made between the treatment group, which used StackOverflow Q&A as a tutorial tool, and the control group, which studied the same topic using a traditional learning format (set of printed exercises as well as text book examples). Our results show how both the experimental group and the control group significantly improved their performance in the post-test. While the experimental group improved their performance more than the control group, the gap was not significant. The results enable it to conclude that StackOverflow material was at least as effective as the traditional material. The finding may be useful in offering new perspectives towards computer science pedagogy that will provide students with more authentic practice to prepare them for their future careers.


A method is described for studying the release of soluble organic material during photosynthesis by benthic algae. The method simulates presumed natural conditions in that the excreted matter is rapidly ~nd continuously removed. This also facilitates analysis of the soluble compounds and the study of factors affecting exeretiom Axenic cultures of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bo~I~) of good photosynthetic activity, as determined by measuremertt of oxygen output, were exposed as a surface layer to labelled carbon dioxide in a perspex fixation cell. Deep culture experiments also involved rapid separation of excreted solutes. Levels of excretion of t to 3% of ~otal fixation were found. Some of the excreted material had been inside the cell for some hours. The proportion of fixed carbon excreted was similar in old and fresh media and was not affected by the presence of buffer. Co-precipitation with iron and copper was successful in extracting the labelled solutes from the filtrates, but the specific activity was too low to permit complete identification. There appeared to be differences between the materials excreted in surface and in deep culture. A discussion of related studies leads to a suggestion that it may be useful to consider the released solutes as falling into two categories; the first a low but constant level of excretion of more complex compounds, and the second a potentially much higher but variable level of excretion of simpler compounds.


The microwave properties of multiferroic magnonic crystals based on a width-modulated slot-line were investigated theoretically for the first time. Dispersion characteristics of spin-electromagnetic waves propagating in the heterostructures were calculated. It was shown that band gaps in the spin-electromagnetic wave spectrum are controlled with both electric and magnetic fields.


Objective To investigate the effect of anterior decompression and Z-Plate internal fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture. Methods 19 cases of thoracolumbar burst fractures were treated with anterior decompression, bone graft and Z-Plate internal fixation. Results 19 cases were followed up for 9~35 months. The spinal curve recovered well and the bone graft got rigid fusion with X-ray examination. After operation, 1 cases of Frankel A didn't get neural function recovery, other cases got recovery in certain degree. Conclusions It can provide reliable fixation, high rate fusion and satisfactory outcome in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture with anterior decompression and Z-Plate internal fixation.


Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an electrical recording of the heart and used to measure the rate and regularity of the heartbeats. The obtained ECG signals are noisy, due to the loss of signal values, problems in the electrodes and natural addition of noises in the image. Initial filtering of the noise is done using wavelet transform. Features extracted are Mean, Median Moment, Skewness, Standard Deviation, Variance, Frequency, Entropy, Mode, Maximum, Minimum, Phase, Magnitude and Kurtosis. The Rpeaks are detected from the signals and the values are combined along with the previously calculated features. Optimizations are performed with the extracted feature that reduces the number of feature values by selecting the best feature values from the extracted feature values. Then classification is done using Support Vector Machine classifier. The classifier analyzes the feature values and identifies whether the input signal is normal signal or abnormal signal. Keywords: Electrocardiogram (ECG), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Wavelet Transform (WT).


Abstract COVID-19 pandemic has created chaos in almost every walk of life. The harsh impact of the disease is mainly rooted to the rapid and easy spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus through airborne and fomite routes. Thus, disinfection of contaminated surfaces and air is important to hamper COVID-19 disease transmission. Ozone being a potent gaseous disinfectant has been utilized to inactivate a wide-range of viruses and has more recently gained interest in the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2. This article critically reviews the current state-of-knowledge on disinfection of surface-adhered and airborne SARS-CoV-2 by ozone. The transmission and survival characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 alongside the specificity of ozone inactivation process are reviewed. Distinct focus is then given to reviewing the status of ozone inactivation of surface-adhered and airborne SARS-CoV-2 in terms of experimental investigations, kinetics, and influence of the operational factors on the inactivation process. Ozone inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 is compared to other enveloped viruses, and the challenges and future prospects of ozone inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 are also addressed. Graphical abstract


We consider a large class of Ramsey interferometry protocols which are enhanced by squeezing and un-squeezing operations before and after a phase signal is imprinted on the collective spin of $N$ particles. We report an analytical optimization for any given particle number and strengths of (un-)squeezing. These results can be applied even when experimentally relevant decoherence processes during the squeezing and un-squeezing interactions are included. Noise between the two interactions is however not considered in this work. This provides a generalized characterization of squeezing echo protocols, recovering a number of known quantum metrological protocols as local sensitivity maxima, thereby proving their optimality. We discover a single new protocol. Its sensitivity enhancement relies on a double inversion of squeezing. In the general class of echo protocols, the newly found over-un-twisting protocol is singled out due to its Heisenberg scaling even at strong collective dephasing.


AcknowledgmentsThanks are due to John Setlock for composite processing, Ron Phillips for flexural strength measurements,Ralph Garlick for X-ray diffraction analysis, Darwin Boyd for scanning Auger analysis andLarissa Rodzianko for assisting with the fiber push-in data analysis.Trade names or manufacturers' names are used in this report foridentification only. This usage does not constitute an officialendorsement, either expressed or implied, by the NationalAeronautics and Space Administration.NASA Center for Aerospace Information7121 Standard DriveHanover, MD 21076Price Code: A03Available fromNational Technical Information Service5285 Port Royal RoadSpringfield, VA 22100Price Code: A03


An analysis of the infrared observations of comet Kohoutek has been carried out on the basis of silicate grain models. The 'observed' grain temperature has been obtained as a function of the heliocentric distance, and it is compared with the expected distribution. In the visible region, one requires for the refractive index, (m = n-ik), n of about 1.6 and k less than 0.05. The total number of grains varies essentially as the inverse square of radial distance; the size of the particles in the antitail of the comet Kohoutek is greater than 5 microns. The ratio of infrared flux from grains to the incident solar flux at wavelengths of a few microns is calculated.


Our previous theory of vibrationally inelastic atom–diatom collisions, which is based on an approximate correspondence between the classical and quantal equations of motion, is extended here to the problem of translational–vibrational and vibrational–vibrational energy transfer in collisions of two identical diatoms. Parameters describing the quantal motion of harmonic oscillators subject to an interaction potential which includes only terms linear and bilinear in the two oscillator coordinates are evaluated from exact classical trajectories for the full potential. The formalism makes it possible to distinguish between the vibrational–vibrational and translational–vibrational energy transfer modes and to isolate the intermode coupling terms. The validity of approximations based on a reduced state basis is easily evaluated. The model results are in generally excellent agreement with exact fully quantal calculations, and they reproduce well the dependence of the transition probabilities for collinear H2+H2 ...


A number of old and new etching reagents for meteorites have been tested. None was found to be superior to those already in general use, except that the recent report that the addition of a little glue gives improved results is confirmed. Some other colloidal additives also were found to give a better etch, but none was better than glue. A few other experiments also are briefly mentioned. All workable reagents give the same kind of figures.


Hearts from AC8TG mice develop a higher contractility (LVSP) and larger Ca2+ transients than NTG mice, with (surprisingly) no modification in L‐type Ca2+ channel current (ICa,L) (1). In this study, we examined the cardiac response of AC8TG mice to β‐adrenergic and muscarinic agonists and IBMX, a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Stimulation of LVSP and ICa,L by isoprenaline (ISO, 100 nM) was twofold smaller in AC8TG vs. NTG mice. In contrast, IBMX (100 µM) produced a twofold higher stimulation of ICa,L in AC8TG vs. NTG mice. IBMX (10 µM) increased LVSP by 40% in both types of mice, but contraction and relaxation were hastened in AC8TG mice only. Carbachol (10 µM) had no effect on basal contractility in NTG hearts but decreased LVSP by 50% in AC8TG mice. PDE assays demonstrated an increase in cAMP‐PDE activity in AC8TG hearts, mainly due to an increase in the hydrolytic activity of PDE4 and PDE1 toward cAMP and a decrease in the activity of PDE1 and PDE2 toward cGMP. We conclude that cardiac expression of AC8 is accompanied by a rearrangement of PDE isoforms, leading to a strong compartmentation of the cAMP signal that shields L‐type Ca2+ channels and protects the cardiomyocytes from Ca2+ overload.—Georget, M., Mateo, P., Vandecasteele, G., Lipskaia, L., Defer, N., Hanoune, J., Hoerter, J., Lugnier, C., Fischmeister, R. Cyclic AMP compartmentation due to increased cAMP‐phosphodiesterase activity in transgenic mice with a cardiac‐directed expression of the human adenylyl cyclase type 8 (AC8). FASEB J. 17, 1380–1391 (2003)


In this paper, I review botanical expeditions of Boris K. Schischkin and Vasily V. Sapozhnikov in Turkey (1915–1917), and scrutinize in detail their itineraries in May–July 1916. The botanical explorations in eastern Turkey carried out in 1916 and 1917 were commissioned by the Russian government (Migration Department of the Ministry of Agriculture) as part of the First World War activities. The collections gathered in 1916 (from present-day Ağrı, Muş, Van, Bitlis and Erzerum provinces) were completely identified and published, whereas the material collected in 1917 (from present-day Rize and Artvin provinces) remain largely unpublished. The main set of herbarium specimens collected by Schischkin and Sapozhnikov is deposited at LE with some duplicates at TGM and ERE, while a minor part of the specimens collected by Sapozhnikov is kept at TK, and some duplicates were sent from LE to other institutions.


This paper presents an implementation framework, called CAA-DRIP, that has been defined to allow a straightforward implementation of dependable distributed applications designed using the coordinated atomic action (CAA) paradigm. CAAs provide a coherent set of concepts adapted to the design of fault tolerant distributed systems that includes: structured transactions, distribution, cooperation, competition, and forward and backward error recovery mechanisms triggered by exceptions. DRIP (dependable remote interacting processes) is an efficient Java implementation framework, which provides support for implementing "dependable multiparty interactions (DMI)" which includes a general exception handling mechanism. As DMI has a softer exception handling semantics with respect to CAA semantics, a CAA design can be implemented by DRIP. The aim of the CAA-DRIP framework is to provide a set of Java classes that allows programmers to implement only the semantics of CAAs with the same terminology and concepts at the design and implementation levels. The new framework simplifies the implementation phase and at the same time reduces the size of the final system since it requires fewer number of instances for creating a CAA at runtime. Details of these improvements as well as a precise description of the CAAs behaviour in terms of state charts, which is used as a reference model to define the CAA-DRIP framework, are presented in this paper


A token passing network is a directed graph with one or more specified input vertices and one or more specified output vertices. A vertex of the graph may be occupied by at most one token, and tokens are passed through the graph. The reorderings of tokens that can arise as a result of this process are called the language of the token passing network. It was known that these languages correspond through a natural encoding to certain regular languages. We show that the collection of such languages is relatively restricted, in particular that only finitely many occur over each fixed alphabet.


With purpose, momentum and unmistakable symbolism, Japanese policymakers have embarked upon major new steps that are leading inexorably to Japan's emergence as a 'normal' power. With the clear concurrence of Washington, Japan is moving to stake out a security role increasingly shaped by its own aspirations and goals. But the absence of a regional security framework mutually acceptable to Tokyo and its neighbours suggests the possibility of heightened power rivalries that could perturb Northeast Asia as a whole.


Cotton research in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s found that rain during the morning hours resulted in decreased Production of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrids is comboll set (Lloyd, 1920; Pearson, 1949). Pearson (1949) monly preceded by removing anthers from recipient flowers or interanalyzed daily fluctuations in humidity, rainfall, and rupting the functioning of the anthers before dehiscence. This study temperature from successive days of flowering in reladescribes the development of an emasculation protocol that did not require removal of the anthers, did not result in female sterility, and tion to flower set and mote formation. The ovules that maintained fruit retention. Cotton flowers were saturated with water failed to ripen into mature seeds developed into aborted at different times throughout the day. Water sprayed into the flower structures that varied in degrees of seed, fiber, and emafter the pollen dehisced resulted in the osmotic disruption of the bryo development and were defined as "motes" (Pearpollen grains and prevented self-pollination of the cotton flowers. son, 1949). She concluded that rain during the time of Morphological analysis of isolated pollen grains before and after water pollination, even that falling shortly thereafter, affected treatment showed the exudation of pollen cytoplasm into the surthe number of ovules receiving pollen tubes by interferrounding water medium within seconds of the water treatment. The ing either with pollen deposition on the stigma or with water treatment resulted in the loss of fruiting bodies. Hand pollinapollen tube growth. Rains occurring on 5 Aug. 1937 and tion of water-emasculated flowers produced seed numbers equivalent 3 Aug. 1939 came at the critical time and in sufficient to self-pollinated controls. To quantify the level of self-pollination amounts to impact boll set. For the first date, 13 bolls following water emasculation, 'Gregg 65' cotton (glandless, recessive were set compared with 182 for 4 August and 233 for trait) was water-emasculated, the stigma allowed to dry, and the flower 6 August. For 3 Aug. 1939, 13 bolls were set compared pollinated with pollen from 'Paymaster HS-26' cotton (glanded, domiwith 80 on 2 August and 48 on 4 August (Pearson, 1949). nant trait). Evaluation of 66 flowers revealed that 100% of the seedlings obtained from these crosses had the glanded phenotype, thereby Pearson (1949) stated that the amount of shedding for showing that no self-pollination had occurred. In conclusion, this study days on which heavy rains occurred during the forenoon demonstrates the use of water as an effective emasculation tool for would usually be so extensive that a large mote produchybrid cotton production that does not result in female sterility and tion for the relatively few bolls matured would have maintains fruit retention and seed set following subsequent pollination little influence on the total mote production of the entire with pollen from another flower. crop. Clearly, these findings suggest an extreme sensitivity of cotton flowers to moisture at the time of pollination. P of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hyIn a review of the physiological aspects of flower brids by hand pollination is preceded by the removal and fruit set in cotton, Stewart (1986) described the of the anthers from the recipient flower. The emasculaproblems researchers faced when studying in vitro gertion of the recipient flower usually occurs the afternoon mination and tube growth of cotton pollen. He reported before they are pollinated. The major advantage of this that studies of cotton pollen had been limited by the method is that self-contamination is virtually eliminated; extreme sensitivity of cotton pollen to moisture. Whenhowever, the high afternoon temperatures impair worker ever the grains or pollen tubes contacted available waefficiency, usable pistillate flowers are missed, and proter, they ruptured. The result of the research was a tective covers may be blown off the stigmas, thus further myriad of nonaqueous, aqueous gels, or high-osmolarity reducing the number of pistillate flowers (Wilson and solution protocols to obtain some degree of pollen gerStrapp, 1984). Wilson and Strapp (1984) suggested that mination and tube growth (Miravalle, 1965; Bronkers, some breeders could overcome these potential problems 1961; Hancock, 1949; Vasil, 1958; Taylor, 1972; Wauby emasculating the flowers the morning of the day of ford, 1979). pollination, but this introduced serious problems with This paper describes a cotton flower emasculation the possibility of self-contamination. In addition to conprotocol that capitalizes on the moisture sensitivity of cerns about self-contamination, the process of flower cotton pollen and helps eliminate many of the concerns emasculation raises concerns about injury to the flower associated with the traditional emasculation procedures. and the possibility of cotton shedding a high percentage The procedure occurs the day of pollination, does not of flowers if the mechanical injury is too severe (Brown mechanically injure the petals or corolla of the cotton and Lee, 1976). Because of the concerns with existing flower, and produces normal seed set upon subsequent cotton flower emasculation systems, an alternative methpollination of the emasculated flower. od for emasculation is desirable. Several reports in the literature about environmental impacts on flower set MATERIALS AND METHODS and pollen viability have provided clues for developing a novel protocol for cotton flower emasculation. Plant Culture Protocols Cotton 'Paymaster HS-26' seeds were the planted into hyUSDA-ARS, SPA, Plant Stress and Water Conserv. Lab., Lubbock, droponic rock wool slabs (15 cm 90 cm 8 cm, w l TX 79415. Received 18 July 2001. *Corresponding author (jburke@ d) that had been saturated with Peters Professional waterlbk.ars.usda.gov). soluble fertilizer {0.95 g L 1 5–11–26 HYDRO-SOL (ScottsSierra Hortic. Products Co., Maryville, OH), supplemented Published in Agron. J. 94:883–888 (2002).


Excerpt INTRODUCTION Although pleuritis and pleural effusion have long been considered as cardinal signs in the clinical picture of systemic lupus erythematosus (S. L. E.‡), these have usually been...


quite certain that the wide range attributed to this species in Gray's Synoptical Flora is due to other species being included. With the erection of P. floributnda (Gray) Greene and P. canescens (Eaton) Greene into species the area covered has also been segregated. But even after the establishment of the two following species some Rocky mountain forms, such as my no. , are still left to represent the original species. PICRADENIA LIGULFFLORA Aven Nelson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 25: 378. i898. This species is proving to be far more common than was at first suspected. As to habitat see notes on the following species. Picradenia macrantha, n. sp. Caudex branched, each branch surmounted by a few to several crowns; crowns clothed with the lanate leaf-bases: stems single from each crown, erect, fascicled, sparsely pubescent, somewhat striate, about J5Cn' high: leaves glabrate, not conspicuously punctate, rather numerous on both crowns and steins, slender petioled, the blade variously parted into linear divisions, most of them pedately trifid, some of the stem leaves pinnately parted or twice trifid, the uppermost sometimes simple: heads large, peduncled, one to five on each stem (generally two or three): involucre shorter than the disk flowers, outer bracts lanceolate, nearly glabrous, united for half their length, 6""" long; inner oblong, acute, scarious margined rays 6-io, chrome yellow, the ligule i5-i8"'" long and one third as broad: pappus scales 5-7, lanceolate, shorter than the corolla. Allied to P. lzguldceflora, from which its larger size, conspicuous rays, longer peduncles, fewer and less resinous heads serve to separate it. The habitat of this is open, stony slopes in the mountains or hills, while P. /z1iCZaIlora occurs on dry, clayey, alkaline ridges or flats on the open plains. Type number 4830, Fort Steele, June i8, 1898. What seems to be the same thing is no. i688, Centennial hills, Aug., i895; also South Park, Colo., i878, by Marcus E. Jones. AVEN NELSON, University of flfyoming.


There has been incredible interest in Internet-of-Things (IoT) and blockchain technology (BCT) around the world and across sectors. Following great achievement in the other sectors, the implementation of IoT and BCT have gained great interest in Humanitarian Logistics (HL) at many levels despite remaining in an earlier stage. The profit and non-profit organizations both are under increasing worldwide pressure for transparency, with donors and governments calling for enhanced transparency and information exchange in the humanitarian sector. This study, which is based on transactive memory systems (TMS) theory perspectives, proposes a study framework to understand "how can the transparency, public trust, and coordination in HL be improved through the integration of IoT with BCT?". We framed and tested six research hypotheses, using data collected from Humanitarian Organizations (HOs) employees. We have applied a Covariance-based structure equation model (CB-SEM) with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). This study results confirm that our all hypotheses were supported. The research results show that the association between explanatory variables (i.e., IoT and BCT) and the response variables (i.e., public trust and coordination) is mediated by transparency. This study provides substantial and valid contributions to the literature on IoT, BCT, transparency, public trust and coordination. This study proves that transparency plays a crucial role in enhancing public trust, coordination, and ultimately HL performance through the integration of IoT with BCT. The study results could be helpful for all the stakeholders of disaster risk management since they are insistently looking for strategies to support afflicts. Our study is a good candidate solution to raise awareness of fast, fair, and safe HL to reveal research gaps and provide opportunities for future research. The study will provide an enormous understanding of IoT and BCT in HL, which has not been investigated empirically before.


Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, an organic molecule characterizing tool, is used here to differentiate young (36  2.87 years) and aged (78  1.25 years) skins, based on glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and protein functional groups. Female breast mastectomy-skin, FT-IR spectroscopy revealed intensity differences that were quantified on GAG and protein standard curves, and assigned to the corresponding functional groups. Band intensity reductions at 78years include: 34.37% (w/w) 1259 - 1223 cm –1 , sulfate (SO4 2– )/sulfonate (SO3 – ) S=O/phosphate (PO4 2־ )


informational: people like to know where they stand in terms of what they think, feel, or do. Are they simply normal or do they happen to be outrageously below orabove widely popularstandards?Often,people alsorely on social comparison to motivate themselves. If getting a kick out of the comparison is the main goal of the comparison then the comparison target is likely to be some person or some group that fares slightly better. Finally, there could also be an explicit attempt at self-enhancement. By finding comparison others who are sufficiently similar yet also somewhat less knowledgeable, strong or likeable than themselves, people make sure that they will come out of the comparison with a feeling of psychological comfort. In short, people's self-knowledge, motivation, and self-esteem crucially hang on the outcome of dozens of daily comparison operations. Although initially used in interpersonal theory contexts, the social comparison process also comes across as a major player in an impressive series of social psychology theories that focus on intergroup relations. Prominent contributions are for instance relative deprivation theory (Crosby, 1976, 1982; Guimond and Dube´-Simard, 1983; Gurr, 1970; Runciman,1966;VannemanandPettigrew,1972;WalkerandPettigrew, 1984; for a collection, see Walker and Smith, 2002), social identity theory (Tajfel, 1981; Tajfel and Turner, 1979; Turner, 1975), and selfcategorization theory (Hogg and Abrams, 1988; Oakes, Haslam and Turner, 1994; Turner et al., 1987). In all these theoretical perspectives, the selection of a particular social comparison target has been shown to exertamajorinfluenceonpeople'sbeliefs,feelings,and,indeed,behaviors. This analysis holds particularly in the case of self-categorization theory (SCT). SCT is often presented as the direct offspring of social identity


This is the Cluster 27: Global Islam Research Guide. This guide provides helpful tips and resources for exploring Islam as a global religion and cultural tradition.