Arrhythmogenic tissue remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) has been well described in young animals, but how this wound healing process changes with age and leads to increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) post‐MI is not well understood. Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest process which regulates tumor suppression and wound healing, however accumulation of senescent cells in various tissues is thought to drive aging pathology. We hypothesize that with age, persistent cardiac myofibroblast (CMF) senescence promotes persistent inflammation in the scar and thereby facilitating arrhythmogenesis. Using the New Zealand White Rabbit as a model of the aging heart, we show that aged infarcted rabbits display increased peri‐procedural arrhythmic death. Optical mapping studies at 3‐ and 12‐weeks post MI revealed prolonged action potential duration (APD) in the infarct border zone (IBZ) as compared to the remote zone (RZ) in aged rabbits while in young rabbits IBZ's APD was shorter than RZ's APD. We also observed slowed conduction and APD alternans at the IBZ which correlated with anchoring of higher frequency ventricular fibrillation in the IBZ of aged rabbits. We show no change in scar size or geometry between young and aged rabbits over the first 12 weeks post‐MI. However, we observed delayed and persistent CMF senescence in the aged scar, even until 12 weeks post‐MI. Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, we show most senescent cells in the scar are myofibroblasts. We also demonstrate increased expression of senescence‐associated markers in the aged IBZ and scar compared to young, and colocalization of senescent CMFs and inflammatory macrophages in the aged scar and IBZ. Finally, we observe an increase in circulating inflammatory factors from aged rabbit blood samples compared to young, some of which further increased post‐MI. In conclusion, we demonstrate the infarcted aged heart heals differently than young, including delayed and persistent scar CMF senescence, increased VT/VF, and electrophysiological remodeling. Our data support our hypothesis that altered CMF senescence with age induces pathological tissue remodeling post‐MI, underlying the increased risk of SCD.


Soil moisture impacts the biosphere–atmosphere exchange of CO2 and CH4 and plays an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycle. A better representation of soil moisture would improve coupled carbon–water dynamics in terrestrial ecosystem models and could potentially improve model estimates of large-scale carbon fluxes and climate feedbacks. Here, we investigate using soil moisture observations from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite mission to inform simulated carbon fluxes in the global terrestrial ecosystem model LPJ-wsl. Results suggest that the direct insertion of SMAP reduces the bias in simulated soil moisture at in situ measurement sites by 40%, with a greater improvement at temperate sites. A wavelet analysis between the model and measurements from 26 FLUXNET sites suggests that the assimilated run modestly reduces the bias of simulated carbon fluxes for boreal and subtropical sites at 1–2-month time scales. At regional scales, SMAP soil moisture can improve the estimated responses of CO2 and CH4 fluxes to extreme events such as the 2018 European drought and the 2019 rainfall event in the Sudd (Southern Sudan) wetlands. The simulated improvements to land–surface carbon fluxes using the direct insertion of SMAP are shown across a variety of timescales, which suggests the potential of SMAP soil moisture in improving the model representation of carbon–water coupling.


Abstract In December 1998 the Social Work and Social Service Work Act (hereafter the Ontario Act) was passed in Ontario, Canada marking the effective completion of social work regulatory legislation across provincial Canada. This article outlines the principal features of the Ontario regulations, and summarises the strengths and limitations of the various arrangements which have been implemented across Canada. As moves toward control of the Australian social work profession are contemplated, the implications for such a move are discussed in the light of the Canadian experience.


The results of a laboratory investigation of slump loss, setting times, and workability at low and high concrete temperatures for superplasticized concretes are presented. There was a substantial reduction in the intial and final setting times when there was a 16 deg F increase in the initial concrete temperature. Results of the slump-loss study indicated that there was adequate working time (2 to 3.5 hr) when a superplasticizer was used for concretes made at a temperature of 70 deg F (21.2 deg C). For the same concretes mixed at a temperature of 86 deg F (30 deg C), however, there was a considerable reduction in slump and available working time. (Author)


The research is conducted in Banjar Berawa/Desa Adat Berawa, nort Kuta district, Badung Regency. The study purposes to know the impact of tourism growth to the society consumptive pattern in Berawa.
The technique of the data collection use direct observation technique to the location, interviewing for informan, I.E.Bendesa Adat Berawa, Klian Desa Berawa, Klian Dinas Berawa, Klian Subak Tibubeneng Village, Local society, and documentation by taking photos. The data are analysed by using qualitative data analysis technique which are working based on data, searching and finding pattern, getting interesting data and deciding the data that will be ssuced. The technique of informants assigmnen is purposive sampling which is assigning the sample by using particular consideration so, deserves to be a sample. The data analysis includes with collection data, reduction data, displaying data, conclusion and  verivication.
The result of the study shows the society point of view to the aconomy establishmemt of educational aspec of the society which is getting increase, society in Banjar Berawa are also starting to enterpreneurship by set up abussiness such as homestay and laundy. The point of view of society to the customary order is the society seens strong with the wealth that they have. The society fulfill their family neededs by taking many kends of occupation.
 Keywords :Impact, tourism, consumptionpattern, society


COPYRIGHT © 2023 Tendilla-Beltrán and Martín-Hernández. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Non-canonical pathways of psychiatric drugs: beyond their neurotransmitter action


Objective To understand the infections of ureaplasma urealyticum(UU) in married females,and to reduce the infection rate.Methods Study group included 313 married female from Nov to Dec 2009.Results From 313 tested samples,the total positive percentage for UU was 52.08%.Conclusion UU infection is common in married female,and related with age.In order to reduce the infection rate,diagnosis and clinical treatment must earlier.


This paper intends to introduce a three-stage teaching model,the ESA model: engage,study,activate,into the foreign language teaching in vocational colleges.The ESAhelps tochange the teacher-oriented classroom into the student-oriented classroom under the guidance of teachers and helps to arouse the students' interest,to increace their involvement in classroom teaching and eventually to help them to raise the level of verbal communication.


Hexamesoporous silica (HMS)is one kind of mesoporous materials. It can be synthesized by neutral templating route at room temperature using neutral surfactant. The preparation method is much simpler than the cation surfactantroute. The XRD pattern of HMS has only one peak, which is different from that of MCM-41.Although the XRD pattern of HMS is less resolved than that of MCM-41,its pore wall is thicker than the conventional MCM-41,therefore,ithas a higher thermal and hydrothermal stability. The neutral surfactant could be recovered completely by extraction, resulting the decrease of the cost. By carefully regulating the preparation parameters such as the compositions of the precursors, the type of surfactant, the type and concentration of cosolvent, the synthesis temperature and time, one is able to control the morphology and the structure of HMS material. This report reviews the synthesis method, morphology and characteristics of HMS. The mechanism of synthesis was also reviewed.


Objective:To understand the polluted condition of food in Cangzhou and provide scientific measures for establishing effective schemes to prevent and control diseases.Methods: 916 samples of 6 category were collected during 2008-2011 in Cangzhou,the contents of lead and cadmium were analyzed by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results: It was found that the qualification rates for lead was 89.3%,and for cadmium was 87.6%.Conclusion: The lead and cadmium contamination in food from Cangzhou were potential hazard for human health.


It is absolutely necessary to know the exact position of the anatomic parts entering into a deformity in order to correct it. Overcorrection or the reversal of the deformity is necessary to effect a cure. Overcorrection is obtained by pushing the parts back through the same arc which they passed when the deformity developed, and thence through a similar arc to a position exactly opposite to that of the original. In order to know through what arc the parts travel in the development of a deformity, they must be traced from their normal positions to that of the deformed. Scoliosis is developed from a normal physiologic position and becomes pathologic only when the individual is unable to reverse this position at will. Scoliosis in its beginning and through its development to a certain stage is a position of flexion, plus lateral bending plus rotation of the bodies of the vertebrae


Since dies of different geometry are used routinely in industry, the second-generation pressure deposition tester (PDT-II) was used to investigate powder deposition characteristics into a 6.5 mm deep circular die that complements the 6.5 mm rectangular shallow die result in Part 1 of the article. Two types of powders, namely, microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH102) and a battery powder mixture (BPM), with median size of 84 and 600 μm, respectively, were used as test materials. Symmetry analysis, variance metrics, and uniformity analysis were used to quantify the deposition characteristics. The results showed that: (1) die shape greatly influenced the uniformity of pressure distribution inside the die; (2) the uniformity of pressure distribution increased with increasing feed shoe speed; (3) the back and forward regions filled faster than the front and leeward regions; (4) the front and leeward regions showed greater uniformity of pressure distribution than the back and forward regions; (5) the areas of high pressure values (above 60 dm) were less than 5% of the total; (6) the circular die generated a higher uniformity inside the die than the rectangular die for both Avicel and BPM; and (7) the rectangular die generated a higher stress concentration zone inside the die than the circular die for both Avicel and BPM.


The paper has been focused on the fabrication of a sensing platform integrating an array of sensors with distinct applications: pH, nitrites and pesticides detection. All sensors are fabricated using micro-nano technology and are electrically connected to a multichannel potentiostat that runs the electroanalytical measurements. Integration of the sensor array into a platform has been made: the module for independent measurement of 3 sensors, electrochemical sensors, multichannel potentiostat and laptop which hosts the potentiostat control software and a Labview application for data acquisition.


Differential evolution algorithm was applied to tune PID parameters for speed control of the permanent magnet linear motor(PMLM). To improve the bad robustness due to fixed control parameters of basic Differential Evolution (DE), a self-adaptive strategy for crossover probability constant CR was proposed in terms of the convergence status of the target vector. The simulation experiment based on MATLAB/ Simulink was carried out. The result shows that, compared with traditional PID control, the static and dynamic performance of the system are improved by the optimized controller. Moreover, the speed overshoot decreases and the speed re-stabilizes quickly when load changes.


Resist trimming using a CF4/O2 plasma generated by an inductively coupled high-density plasma source is investigated. Results show that the resist trimming process is applicable for the fabrication of a sub-0.1 μm polysilicon gate electrode with conventional 248 nm lithography. The trim rate depends strongly on gas composition, temperature, rf source power, bias voltage, reactor pressure and total gas flow. The trim rate increases with increasing temperature, rf source power and reactor pressure but decreases with higher bias voltage. For a typical trimming condition at gas composition of CF4 and O2 with a ratio of 3.3:1, the resist trim rates are 1.0 and 1.2 nm/s for dense and isolated lines, respectively. By examining the effect of various process parameters, it is found that the trimming process is dominated by the neutral reactant species. Angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that a fluorinated carbon oxyfluoride polymer is deposited on the sidewall of photoresist. The degree of carbo...


In February 2002 an Austrian benchmarking project was completed. The present paper reports on the part of the project dealing with benchmarking of sewerage systems, with a focus on the analysis of investment costs of 34 sewerage system projects. The paper explains the methodology used to make the investment costs of the projects comparable. This was based on an analysis of the final accounts of the finished projects. The paper further delineates the results of the project and considers in detail the important influence of unquantifiable factors, such as economic fluctuations and tendering strategies of the successful contractors, on the calculation of the construction costs.


This paper assesses two steady-state photovoltaic (PV) module temperature models when applied to building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) rainscreens and curtain walls. The models are the Ross and the Faiman models, both extensively used for PV modules mounted on open-rack support structures in PV plants. The experimental setups arrange the BIPV modules vertically and with different backside boundary conditions to cover the mounting configurations under study. Data monitoring over more than a year was the experimental basis to assess each model by comparing simulated and measured temperatures with the help of four different metrics: mean absolute error, root mean square error, mean bias error, and coefficient of determination. The performance ratio of each system without the temperature effect was calculated by comparing the experimental energy output with the energy output determined with the measured temperatures. This parameter allowed the estimation of the PV energy with the predicted temperatures to assess the suitability of each temperature model for energy-prediction purposes. The assessment showed that the Ross model is the most suitable for predicting the annual PV energy in rainscreen and curtain-wall applications. Highlighted is the importance of fitting the model coefficients with a representative set of in situ monitored data. The data set should preferably include the inner (backside) temperature, i.e., the air chamber temperature in ventilated façades or the indoor temperature in curtain walls and windows.


A key task of RCE North East, located in the North East of England, will be to tackle problems of inequality in education and to meet local and global challenges by promoting an expansive program of education for sustainable development. The article describes how the Regional Centre of Expertise in education for sustainable development (RCE) is endeavouring to create an innovative learning space by engaging with local knowledge strengths.


This paper expounds the practical technologys of virtual reality on PC , include the hardware, software, process of work and some experiences.


Time-resolved laser-induced optical properties of didymium (a mixture of neodymium and praseodymium) doped zinc oxide phosphors have been studied using nitrogen laser as an excitation source at room as well as at liquid nitrogen temperatures. A comparison of optical properties (oscillator strength and dipole-moment) at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature has been done and is reported in this article. It is found that oscillator strength and dipole-moment values for doped ZnO are increasing with decreasing temperature. The increasing trend of the optical parameters obtained at liquid nitrogen temperature of the doped phosphors indicates increase in efficiency.


The aim of the study was to evaluate Fe levels in organs and haematotoxic effects in Wistar rat offspring following maternal oral exposure to 50 mg Cd L-1 (as CdCl2 in drinking water) that began before and continued during gestation and lactation until weaning (on postnatal day 21). At delivery, one part of the litters was cross- fostered between control and exposed dams to discern gestational, lactational and gestational plus lactational Cd exposure and effects. Cd and Fe in organs were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Haematological parameters in peripheral blood were analysed manually and organ samples prepared for standard histopathological examination by light microscopy. Cd increased and Fe decreased in the exposed mother rats and their offspring. In 21-day offspring, Fe levels were decreased in the liver and brain after gestational plus lactational and after only lactational exposure. Red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit decreased, reticulocyte (immature RBC) count increased, and islands of extramedullary haematopoiesis were detected in their liver. After 4-week exposure cessation, at puberty, levels of Fe in the kidney and brain, and RBC and Hb in blood remained decreased. Cd-induced decreases of organ Fe levels and haematotoxic effects in the offspring were most pronounced by continuous exposure during gestation and lactation, the critical windows for growth and development. These changes may have postnatal health consequences during adult life.


A complete description is given of Lie superalgebras over uncountable fields of characteristic zero with all irreducible representations of finite bounded degree. The even component of such an algebra must be abelian of dimension less than the cardinality of the field, whereas the odd component must contain a submodule of finite codimension with zero multiplication. This condition is also sufficient. Bibliography: 7 titles.


OBJECTIVES
Our study aims to identify genetic variants associated with hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) by applying whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics analyses such as gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and protein functional network study.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Two affected siblings whose grandparents and parents have normal gingiva were chosen for our investigation. Saliva collected from the patients and their parents were used for WES. GSEA and protein functional network study were performed to find gene groups in a biological coordination which are associated with HGF.

RESULTS
Genetic variants for homozygotes and compound heterozygotes were analyzed and translated into 845 genes. The result from protein functional network study showed that these genetic variants were mainly observed in genes affecting fibronectin as well as the immune and autoimmune system. Additionally, three mutated genes in our HGF patients, TMCO1, RIN2, and INSR, were found through human phenotype ontology (HPO) to have potential to contribute to gingival hyperplasia.

CONCLUSIONS
Genetic analysis of HGF in this study implicated mutations in fibronectin and the immune system as triggering abnormal gingival fibromatosis.


[Extract] This chapter introduces you to basic concepts and processes of research in nursing. Research has assumed a position of significance in Australian nursing, and there continues to be advances in knowledge development and the sophistication of research approaches (McKenna et al 2012).

The concept of research in nursing is not new in the Western world (D'Antonio 1997, Mulhall 1995). In Britain, Florence Nightingale was active in research in nursing in the nineteenth century, though it was not until 1940 that further progress occurred and it was 1963 before the first government-funded post to facilitate research in nursing was established in the Ministry of Health (Mulhall 1995).


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolution of commercial aerospace supply chains.Design/methodology/approach – The approach is presented as evolutionary steps by introduction of key supply chain practices. These steps are brought together by applying cladistics, a classification approach from the biological sciences, to classify the evolutionary relationships between supply chain forms. This is presented in two stages.Findings – Earlier research produced a "conceptual cladogram" from secondary data that describes the evolution of aerospace supply chains. This paper expands on this through empirical validation and develops a "factual cladogram", revealing a newly emerging supply chain form. Key practices define the change of supply chain forms in the evolutionary adaptation to market realities and to proactive responses to increased competition.Research limitations/implications – The factual cladogram as such does not necessarily prescribe world‐class performance but may serve as a pla...


CENDARI (Collaborative European Digital Archive Infrastructure) is a research infrastructure project aimed at integrating digital archives and resources for research on medieval and modern European history.
The project brings together information and computer scientists with historians and existing historical research infrastructures (archives, libraries, other digital projects) to improve conditions for digital historical scholarship. CENDARI
has engaged in extensive networking with the archives and libraries of Europe, especially those in Eastern Europe.
CENDARI is a 4-year, European-Commission-funded project led by Trinity College Dublin, in partnership with 14 institutions across 8 countries.


Physical Therapy Abstract Introduction : In this study, we developed a patient-reported instrument to measure shared decision-making (SDM) in rehabilitation medicine, and examined its reliability and validity in the field of physical therapy. Methods : The SDM for rehabilitation (SDM-Reha) prototype was created from the elements of SDM deter-mined to be necessary in the rehabilitation field by a previous study. This survey was conducted for patients undergoing physical therapy in the inpatient or outpatient setting and community. Results : Data from 218 patients (mean 70.1 ± 13.3 years) were used for exploratory factor analysis and the SDM-Reha of 10 items with a one-dimensional nature was developed. The internal consistency of Cronbach's α of 0.94 and test-retest reliability of ICC (1,1) 0.93 were above acceptable thresholds. Concurrent validity was significantly correlated with the 9-item SDM questionnaire. Conclusion : We developed the SDM-Reha as a new instrument based on the concept of SDM in the rehabilitation area. The SDM-Reha was confirmed to be reliable and valid for measuring SDM in rehabilitation practice.


The recently discovered crystal growth method called uniaxially solution‐crystallization method of Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy (SR) is modified in some aspects and used for growth of triglycine sulphate (TGS) crystals. The modification leads to the simplicity, reduction of cost and avoided the temperature fluctuations. The 〈010〉 direction of TGS is very important and used for fabrication of infrared detectors. Using this method, the 〈001〉, 〈010〉 directional crystals of TGS were successfully grown in a glass crystallizer. The grown crystal was characterized by HRXRD, UV‐Visible and dielectric studies. The results prove the suitability of the modified SR method for oriented TGS crystal. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


To maximize ethnography's potential in health services research, a number of challenges must be addressed. Ethnographers must do more to explain to funding bodies and colleagues what their approach constitutes, that it is rigorous and what it offers. Ethnographers must also adapt to the short timescales of some health services research: with care, the pace can be accelerated without compromising quality. Research governance for open-ended methodologies such as ethnography also needs developing. From its origins in social anthropology, ethnology and sociology, ethnography in various forms has been successfully adopted and advanced in other disciplines. Developing ethnography's potential specifically for use in health services research is a multidisciplinary imperative.


In order to reduce the speed of cars and thus to minimize the in-city accidents, speed reducers, i.e. artificial humps (or bumpers) are placed on the roads. Road bumps on the urban routes are well known for many years. Nowadays, however, they are placed, more or less, on each road in the city. Transient or rather impulsive vibrations, therefore, became concern of every driver. Expressing it in other words whole body vibration is not only a problem of off-road vehicles, but also of the private cars, buses and mini-buses. In this study five types of speed reducers, i.e. type A (one row of thin tiny metal boxes and rubber coated narrow (halt) metal cylindrical shell), type B (wide asphalt hump), type C (two rows of thin tiny metal boxes, type D (narrow rubber coated (halt) metal cylindrical shell) and type E (43 rows of narrow very thin strips or bands) are assessed based on a vehicle, i.e. passenger car, speed (V = 20, 30 and 40 km/hr) and back (rather low back) cushions. Response variables are chosen to be az (vertical) and ax (fore and aft) accelerations at the (seat)/(beneath the ischial tuberosities of the driver) (i.e azs or axs) (scat back)/(waist or back) of the driver (i.e., azw (or azb)) interfaces. In the measurements rectangular time weighting function and linear averaging mode were chosen. Frequency resolution was 0.25 Hz. The comparison of floor az versus frequency curves showed that (A, D), (C, E) and (B) types have their peak az (floor) values in (3 Hz less than f less than 10 Hz), (f greater than or equal to 15 Hz) and (f less than 5 Hz) frequency ranges. Since chest, abdominal pains and muscle contractions are affected by the vibrations in the 4-9 Hz frequencies, B type is analyzed in detail. A 50% increase in the speed of the car while crossing over the bumper caused a shift of 1.5 Hz in the peak of transmissibility, Hp (based on power spectral density function method) (for V = 30 km/hr, peak Hp = 2.58 at f = 5.25 Hz). The presence of back support (either a 100% polyurethane foam or air filled cushion) happened to be of no considerable help in reducing axh accelerations. Besides axw accelerations, {without cushion peak axw = 0.26 m/s2 at f = 3 Hz, V = 30 krn/hr) on the bumper were increased when a back cushion (with cushion, peak axw = 0.34 m/s2 at f = 3 Hz, V = 30 km/hr) was present. Preventive measures for the reduction of the speed of cars seem to be hazardous to men health and isolation efficiency of the seats seems to be not adequate, on the bumpers, whatever the speed of the car is. (A) For the covering abstract see ITRD E113232.


Objectives: The current study was conducted to evaluate the safety of patient-controlled sedation (PCS) and the efficiency of elastomeric infusion device during surgical removal of impacted lower third molars and its impact on patients regarding level of sedation, p atients' satisfaction and psycho-motor recovery. Materials and methods: Twenty patients were equally divided into two groups chosen randomly. In both groups, 0.03 mg/kg Midazolam and 0.5 mg/kg Propofol were administered IV as a bolus dose. Group 1 was then given 0.3 mg/kg/hr Ketamine and 1.2 mg/kg/hr Propofol as a maintenance dose delivered through the PCS pump. Group 2 was then given 0.3 µg/kg/hr Fentanyl and 1.2 mg/kg/hr Propofol as a maintenance dose delivered through the PCS pump . For all patients' surgical procedure were done under local anesthesia. Before going to the operating theatre all patients were instructed about the PCS pump and familiarized with it. Patients in both groups were evaluated for hemodynamic stability, patient's &surgeon's satisfaction, psychomotor recovery and adverse effects. Results: The results of this study showed no statistical difference between the two groups. The use of different drug combinations in both groups showed hemodynamic stability, patients'& surgeon's satisfaction and rapid psychomotor recovery. None of the patients in both groups suffered from any adverse reactions such as : nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, involuntary movements, or over-sedation. Conclusion: PCS can be considered as a safe option in minor oral surgeries providing the majority of patients with high satisfaction and relaxation, also providing the surgeons with good operating conditions and the cooperation of the majority of the patients. Fentanyl-Propofol and Ketamine-Propofol combinations were both safe with respect to hemodynamic changes with rapid recovery of psychomotor functions in all patients.


"Teachers who serve each day as cultural mediators know the challenge goes beyond language. Even as they try to help immigrant students navigate a new system of education, their own teaching methods and most routine classroom expectations can come into perplexing conflict with children's cultural ways of knowing and behaving."


ABSTRACT Building on recent evolutionary thinking, this paper focuses on inter-industry differences in the receptiveness of firms to inflows of skills from different domains of the external economy. The empirical analysis of innovation performance finds that firms' dependences on recruiting outside their own industry domains were inversely related to the vibrancy of knowledge dynamics within them. Moreover, inflow distances that are 'optimal' from the perspective of learning are closer to manufacturing firms' own industry domains, than they are to the domains of services firms. As a result, only low-tech manufacturing and technology-intensive services firms exhibit the receptiveness to inflows from 'related' industries found in prior evolutionary research. Firms in high-tech manufacturing, by contrast, capture strong learning benefits from intra-sectoral mobility flows, whereas firms in traditional professional services depend on skills developed outside their own industry domains. Implications for the theory, empirics and policy relevance of evolutionary economic geography are discussed.


Online learning can no longer be considered a "fad" that may quickly pass. Instead, teachers and teacher educators alike must prepare themselves for the increasingly technological learning of the 21st century. This article focuses specifically on the benefits of YouTube as a means of reflection, modeling, and assessment for online education courses.


Preface: Thinking AnimalsAcknowledgmentsPart I: Why Animal Studies Now?1. A Report on the Animal Turn2. Seeing AnimalsPart II: Pet Tales3. Is a Pet an Animal? Domestication and Animal Agency4. Gendered Subjects/Abject Objects: Man(n)'s Best Friend 5. Dog Love/W(o)olf LovePart III: Grieving Animals6. A Proper Death7. Thinking and Unthinking Animal Death: Temple Grandin and J. M. CoetzeePart IV: Ethical B tises8. Animal Liberation or Shameless Freedom"And Toto Too": Animal Studies, Posthumanism, and OzNotesIndex


The restaurant industry is constantly looking for new food innovation techniques, such as molecular gastronomy "MG," to produce higher-quality foods and introduce new tools, products, and cooking methods. With a focus on food enjoyment, molecular gastronomy employs scientific methods to better understand the molecular, physicochemical changes that occur in foods during preparation and consumption. Using the five forces model, this study aims to investigate the relationship between molecular gastronomy and competitive advantage in Egyptian restaurants from the perspective of chefs. Five Forces "5F" model is a fantastic tool for analyzing restaurant industry competition, and it can be used to analyze competition based on Threat of New Entry, Threat of Substitution, Supplier Power, Customer Power, and Competitive Rivalry. Because of its popularity and large number of five-star restaurants, Cairo was chosen as a representative sample of the Egyptian five-star restaurant society. To achieve the research aim, a personal interview was designed and distributed with executive chefs of five-star restaurants who implement molecular gastronomy techniques in their restaurants. It is recommended that the restaurant has a set menu offering a variety of molecular gastronomy dishes; where customers can choose from, in order to relieve the pressure of work on the traditional menu.


On May 31, 1892, she entered the surgical clinic of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit Ludwig Ger., 20 years old, sent from Lublin by Dr. Yavorovsky. The patient at 13 years old began to wear regulations, repeated every 4, 5, 6 weeks and lasting 4-5 days. Ger. got married 2 ]/2 years ago, and soon became pregnant; the pregnancy lasted 12 weeks and ended in miscarriage. Since this time, the months have become extremely painful, pain in the sacrum, loss of sexual attraction, sleepiness have appeared.


Facing the general phenomenon of current undergraduate employment difficulty, the paper says that the essential of higher vocational college market orientation is keep up with market changes to make students learn and master the ability to join market competition and survive in society. Therefore, higher vocational colleges should take employment competition ability as the first goal of students training.


In order to obtain a more effective catalyst for the ammonium perchlorate decomposition, Cu 2O nanocrystals have been successfully prepared by the precipitation method at room temperature using Cu(NO 3) 2 and NaOH as the starting materials and hydrazine hydrate as the reducing agent. The as-prepared Cu 2O nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the catalytic performance of the Cu 2O nanocrystals of different morphology for the ammonium perchlorate decomposition was investigated by thermal analysis. The results indicate that the volume of the NaOH solution added is vital to the shape of the Cu 2O nanocrystals. Needle-shaped Cu 2O nanocrystals with a diameter of 20 nm can be obtained when the added volume of NaOH solution is high, and polygonal Cu 2O nanocrystals exceeding 40 nm can be prepared when the added volume of NaOH solution is low. With increasing concentration of the Cu(NO 3) 2 solution, the average particle size of the Cu 2O nanocrystals decreases from 68 to 19 nm. The XPS results show that the product is composed of Cu 2O. The Cu 2O nanocrystals of different morphology show strong catalytic effect on the ammonium perchlorate decomposition. Adding 2% of polygonal Cu 2O nanocrystals in ammonium perchlorate decreases the higher temperature of ammonium perchlorate decomposition by 103 ℃ and increases the exothermic quantity of decomposition from 590 to 1*!350 J/g .


This paper expounds the electrical equipment on-line insulation monitoring technology the various stages of development,then to the monitoring,the principle of method,technology and methods on the features and detailed analysis,finally puts forward the significance of condition-based maintenance and on-line insulation monitoring and condition-based maintenance is the relationship between,interaction.


In this paper, we developed an efficient global on-demand routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. In this protocol, nodes do not update their routing tables immediately if they change status, such as movement, addition or deletion. Instead, nodes dynamically run the Dijkstra's algorithm on-demand to keep the shortest paths for packet transmissions efficiently. Our protocol is called as "global on-demand" because the on-demand feature covers the whole (global) network. With these critical features, our protocol has higher packet delivery rate and lower end-to-end delay than table-driven protocols. Moreover, our protocol shows low routing load as in the local on-demand protocols, and improves the sub-optimal hierarchical routing and memory consuming problems as in the existing hybrid protocols.


The measurement of light scattering represents a scientific method for the analysis and investigation of submicron particle structures. The key principle of this approach is to extract tempo spectral information from light scattered using correlation techniques. In this paper we present a multichannel correlator architecture, which integrates 32 correlators on a single chip and thus allows the real-time processing of up to 32 independent input channels. The combination of a fast front-end with a highly optimised soft-core processor leads to a time dynamic range from 5ns up to several hours for every single correlation channel. The underlying algorithmic concepts and the software/hardware design considerations for the system-on-a-programmable-chip (SOPC) will be outlined.


Several combinations of high consistency (HC) and low consistency (LC) refiners were evaluated both in main line and reject line for production of pulp for printing papers. HC-LC processes were com ...


The Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) English teaching approach was compared to the traditional English teaching method in this study. The research was carried out in Punjab secondary schools. The goal of this research was to see how the CIRC technique compared to traditional English teaching methods. Because teaching pedagogies primarily rely on teacher-centered methods, the absence of critical pedagogies during the teaching process results in an unproductive system. In nature, the current study used a per-test-post-test nonequivalent control group design.The study included experimental and control groups. The study's participants were chosen using a convenient sampling approach. The experimental group was given the treatment(the CIRC technique was used), whereas the control group was given traditional instruction. A pilot study was conducted to establish the test's content validity and item analysis. To test the hypotheses, descriptive (Mean, percentage) and inferential(independent and paired samples t-tests) statistics were used to evaluate the data. The study's findings were useful for instructors in establishing new teaching techniques to address the challenges in developing English reading and writing abilities, as well as the obstacles experienced by secondary school students in learning English.


....................................................................................................................................... 2 CONTENT ......................................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................. 7 LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................... 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................... 9 PREFACE ......................................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1 AN ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO SAVING ........................................... 11 1.


Although multiple occurrences of elements are immaterial in sets, in real life situations repetition of elements is useful. So, the notion of multisets (also called as bags) was introduced, where repetition of elements is taken into account. Fuzzy set, intuitionistic (a misnomer here as intuitionistic mathematics has nothing to do with its fuzzy counterpart) fuzzy sets, rough sets and soft sets are extensions of the basic notion of sets as they model uncertainty in data. Following this multisets have been extended to fuzzy multisets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, rough multisets and soft multisets. Many properties of basic sets have been extended to the context of multisets, fuzzy multisets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, rough multisets and soft multisets. Several applications of different multisets mentioned above are found in literature. In this chapter, it is our aim to introduce the different concepts of multisets, their properties, current status and highlight their applications.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected countries around the world in an unprecedented way. To flatten the curve, just as an early implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions lowered the 1918 flu pandemic peak death rate by up to 50% in U.S. cities,1 many countries have implemented national or regional lockdowns and maintained stay-at-home/shelter-in-place orders and social distancing. As lockdowns are extended, people's patience is reaching the limit (e.g., anti-lockdown protests) in some places.2 Along with concerns about an economic recession, some countries and many U.S. states are now considering reopening borders and removing lockdown restrictions. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence for decision making on when to lift the lockdown safely, given insufficient capabilities for surveillance and rapid response.3 Without enough response preparations and public education on precautionary recommendations, merely resuming the lockdown could be dangerous by renewing the spread of the virus.


Aim To analyze the feasibility of the old city transforming by using new technical methods,and to propose the concrete measures and implementation steps of the old city transforming.Methods Based on the secondary development system on the basis of Microstation,we can go on the feasibility analysis in the transformation of the old city and propose the corresponding solutions of the problem.Results Introduction of new technologies speed up the process of transformation of the old city,and save human,material and financial resources.Graphics and tables that can be visually shown the region and area pulled down can supply the most reasonable compensation basis for government departments and residents.Conclusion This article takes the old city transforming of Danfeng county,ShaanXi province as example.According to the datum that author acquired from the investigation of ownership and cadastration in cities and towns of Danfeng County in 2002,the paper go on feasibility analyse in old city transformation based on Secondary development system on the basis of Microstation.The old city transformation can be truly reflected the People First idea,and be realized economic and social sustainable development.


Objectives The purpose of our study was to compare the complication rate and the outcomes of custom-made spacers (C-spacers) and prefabricated articular spacers (P-spacers) in the treatment of periprosthetic infection. Patients and methods In this retrospective study, 78 patients (44 females, 34 males; mean age: 68.5±9.48 years; range, 47 to 82 years) with articular spacers implanted in our institution were analyzed between January 2009 and December 2019. We recorded implant results as per mechanical complications, infection control, the interval from surgery to definitive hip replacement, and the rate of achieving recovery of joint function after stage two arthroplasty. Results There were 29 revised spacers; 18 of them were C-spacers and 11 were P-spacers (p=0.0383). A total of 16 dislocations were recorded, of which six were dislocations of C-spacers, and 10 were dislocations of P-spacers (p=0.0082). Additionally, we registered four spacer breakages, all of which occurred in C-spacers (p=0.295). C-spacers failed early, at an mean interval of 2.2 weeks after implantation, and P-spacers failed later, with an mean of 9.3 weeks after implantation (p=0.0187). A total of nine reinfection complications of spacers were registered; only one infection of P-spacers, and eight infections related to C-spacers (p=0.2583). Definitive revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) after spacer explantation and successful treatment of the infection occurred in 63 cases out of 78 patients. Definitive rTHA occurred after the use of C-spacers in 41 (78%) patients and after the use of C-spacers in 22 (84%) patients (p=0.7816). C-spacers had a mean interval from spacer implantation to definitive rTHA of 6.56±6.03 months, and P-spacers had a mean interval of 4±1.93 months (p=0.0164). Conclusion Custom-made spacers were shown to have lower mechanical complication rates than prefabricated ones but more infection complications. Prefabricated spacers had more dislocations and fewer breakages. Custom-made spacer mechanical failures occurred earlier compared to prefabricated ones.


Contraventions appear all the time in everyday life and that is why we consider that a specialized analysis along an ample scientific research of monographic nature, which is remarkable by a thorough valorization of the entire documentation used on the contraventional penalties proves to be useful to both theoreticians and practitioners and to all those who may have to confront this matter at a certain point in their lives. The originality of the work which we dedicate this summary presentation to consist mostly in the way it approaches the proposed subject, beginning with a detailed and thorough study of the origins of the idea of punishment, going back to the ancient times, of the evolution of the idea of punishment correlated with the applicable penalty and implicitly the legal liability involved by the perpetration of a doing that brings prejudice to certain social values protected by minor offence law.


In this study, we examine whether aggregate market liquidity risk is priced in the China stock market. We define a bivariate Garch(1, 1)-in-mean specification for the market portfolio excess returns and the aggregate market liquidity. The findings, based on daily data, suggest that risk of market return sensitivity to aggregate market liquidity and volatility risk of liquidity are priced in the China over the period December 16, 1996 to November 8, 2010 while whether market risk is priced is uncertain.


In this paper, we consider the initial value problem for the linearized compressible Navier–Stokes–Korteweg system. Asymptotic profiles and convergence rates are established by Fourier splitting frequency technique. Moreover, some applications of asymptotic profile and convergence rates are exhibited.


In the microsimulation literature, it is still uncommon to test the statistical significance of results. In this paper we argue that this situation is both undesirable and unnecessary. Provided the parameters used in the microsimulation are exogenous, as is often the case in static microsimulation of the first-order effects of policy changes, simple statistical tests can be sufficient. Moreover, standard routines have been developed which enable applied researchers to calculate the sampling variance of microsimulation results, while taking the sample design into account, even of relatively complex statistics such as relative poverty, inequality measures and indicators of polarization, with relative ease and a limited time investment. We stress that when comparing 1 This paper is also available as ImPRovE Methodological Paper N° 13/10 (http://improve-research.eu/). The ideas in this paper were presented during a workshop at the 3rd ImPRovE meeting in Urbino in Italy on 3 May 2013 (http://improve-research.eu) and at the EUROMOD Research Workshop in Lisbon on 3 October 2013. We would like to thank the participants for their comments and questions which helped to develop the structure of the argument in this paper. In particular, we are grateful to Paola De Agostini, Jekaterina Navicke, Iva Tasseva and Holly Sutherland for very helpful comments and suggestions on a previous draft. This research benefited from financial support of the Flemish 'Methusalem' programme, and funding of IWT-Flanders in the framework of the SBO-project "FLEMOSI: A tool for ex ante evaluation of socio-economic policies in Flanders" (www.flemosi.be) and the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2012-2016) under grant agreement n° 290613 (project title: ImPRovE). The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily correspond to those of the funding agencies. All remaining errors and shortcomings are our own. 2 This paper uses EUROMOD F3.0. The process of extending and updating EUROMOD is financially supported by the Directorate General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion of the European Commission [Progress grant no. VS/2011/0445]. We make use of micro-data from national Lithuanian EU Statistics on Incomes and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) made available by the national statistical office. The usual disclaimers apply.


Poetic inquiry as a form of arts-based research can penetrate the complexity, ambiguity, and multidimensional nature of representing participant emotions. This methodological approach allows researchers to explore the sensitive intersection of competing emotions without flattening the layered and often conflicting experience of participants' embodied experiences. In this article, we share participant-voiced poems generated from interviews with family caregivers of Alzheimer's patients and invite readers to sit with how these poems transcend mere descriptions and instead offer an emotive experience that defies words alone.


The main objective of this study was to explain the improvement of organizational citizenship behavior through adversity quotient and servant leadership as an effort to improve the managerial competence of educational leaders. The research subject was principals of senior high school in Berau. Meanwhile, specifically, the objectives were; (1) to seek whether there is the relationship between adversity quotient and organizational citizenship behavior, (2) to seek whether there is the relationship between servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior, (3) to seek whether there is the relationship between adversity quotient and servant leadership to organizational citizenship behavior simultaneously. This study concerned a quantitative analysis by testing hypotheses using the statistic tool of the SITOREM model. The finding shows; that (1) there is a relationship between adversity quotient and organizational citizenship behavior, (2) there is the relationship between servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior, and (3) there is the relationship between adversity quotient and servant leadership to organizational citizenship behavior simultaneously. In other words, it shows that the primary purpose of this research is achieved because the adversity quotient and servant leadership can result in the creation of good organizational citizenship behavior. Indeed this can also indicate that the principal has the managerial competence of educational leaders in an organization/school favorable.


The Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin of Jiyang Depression is a superposing basin which superposed multiple tectonic cycles and corresponding sediments deposits.The basin-controlled faults of Jiyang Depression mainly experiences three growing and adjusting phases in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic: thrusting north-westward(westward) during the late Indosinian movement,north-west-trending(west-trending) faults reversing during the middle-late Yanshan movement,and north-west-trending(west-trending) faults disappearing and north-eastward extending during interim of the Yanshan and Himalayan movements.Based on the structural characteristics,the Mesozoic-Cenozoic superposing basin of Jiyang Depression could be classified into four types of superimposing units: "sag in both Mesozoic and Cenozoic","sag in the Mesozoic and uplift in the Cenozoic","uplift in the Mesozoic and sag in the Cenozoic",and "uplift in both Mesozoic and Cenozoic".The reservoiring models are established for every kind of superimposing units based on the effect analysis of superposing patterns of faults,interfaces and tectonic stocks on oil-gas accumulating.It is concluded that the superimposing units of both "sag in the Mesozoic and uplift in the Cenozoic" and "uplift in the Mesozoic and sag in the Cenozoic" are most favorable for oil and gas accumulation.


Polymer composite structures and structural elements made of them are often subjected to various machining processes, particularly drilling for assembling purposes. Considering their compliance to high temperature resulting from drilling, various phenomena may occur during this process, e.g. thermal phase transitions, which directly influence on both mechanical properties as well as occurrence of manufacturing damage of a treated structure. The following study presents experimental results of monitoring of drilling process using infrared thermography. An influence of a type of an applied drill bit on resulting temperature evolution was analyzed in this paper. The obtained results indicate a necessity to limit a heat occurred during the drilling process to critical temperatures of a drilled composite in order to avoid manufacturing damage occurrence by selection of appropriate drill bits or by applying techniques of cooling down a drill bit.


This study assesses the change in states' financial condition by examining their financial data in fiscal years (FY) 2003 and 2004. It explores and explains how much the change was, how it occurred, and whether and how closely the change might respond to states' socioeconomic development. The study finds that states' financial condition varied significantly from FY 2003 to FY 2004. Changes in different aspects of financial condition are interrelated, although these changes may not occur simultaneously at the same pace. The change in financial condition may result from the multi-year cumulative socioeconomic development in personal income and employment, but not in population. The impact of personal income and employment on financial condition of a government is likely long term; it may take 3-4 years for the growth in personal income and employment to benefit a government's financial condition. The results also suggest that the cumulative improvement of personal income and employment for consecutive years prior to a fiscal year is more likely to improve the financial condition of that year than a personal income or employment increase that follows an up-and-down pattern of growth. These findings can be used to develop effective strategies to improve financial conditions in government.


Since the interference signal is difficult to remove from the surveillance signal, the possible interference has influence on detecting target in PBR system. Aiming at this problem, interference signal suppression method based on multi beam channel processing is proposed. In this method, the interference signals are suppressed sequentially according to the signal energy of the beam channel. The sample of interference signal is acquired by comparing the signal energy in the beam channel. Simulation results illustrate that the main lobe and sidelobe interference problem in PBR system could be solved by this novel method.


The Minnesota law of products liability underwent significant changes in the 1980s. The courts filled in gaps left open since the Minnesota Supreme Court initially adopted strict liability in McCormack v. Hankscraft Co.' in 1967, but they also raised new issues and left other issues open. This Article analyzes these developments in Minnesota products liability law. The broad focus is on standards in design and warning cases. In the course of the analysis, the Article focuses on the issues that had been left unsettled in Minnesota law in those areas. The Article first addresses the elements of a strict liability claim and then analyzes the standards in design defect and failure to warn cases, and finally, briefly comments on the relationship between design defect and warning claims.


This project presents the study about development of liquid spray triggering and control in a direct injection gasoline injector of a gasoline engine. The objectives of the study is to develop control system using a parameters of time and pressure in order to identify the spray characteristics including spray angle, spray tip penetration and spray width. The scopes of this research are choosing control system due to type of injection, setup test rig for experimental using high pressure chamber and develop control and triggering system in order to control the timing and delay of the injector. After test rig fabrication is done and all equipment has been setup, experiment is done by supplying pressure at 4 Bar from high pressure pump to fuel injector that attach to high pressure chamber. Ambient temperature was set to 300 K and ambient pressure is 0.1 Mpa. Simple triggering and control has been developing using MATLAB Simulink and the result was analyzed due to sample of calculation.


Abstract Introduction COVID 19 affected surgical training owing to changes in rotations, moving trusts/departments, surgical skills acquisition and new guidelines/protocols during unprecedented times. Aim was to infer how redeployment impacted surgical skills via an objective and subjective study. Method A retrospective observational study comparing lead surgeons in Laparotomy and Appendectomies between 23rd March- 31st July (2019/2020). A subjective survey was done to elucidate perspectives on skill, academic advancement and trust/deanery support. A focussed group discussion was also done to gain insight on physical and psychological well-being. Results Laparotomy 2019 (n = 75) had 59%; 41%; 0% - Consultants/Registrars/ fellows respectively as lead surgeons. 2020 Laparotomies (n = 50) had 40% consultants; 41% registrars; 20% fellows Similarly, Appendectomy 2019 (n = 94) had 8.5% consultants; 71.3% registrars; 3.2% clinical fellows, whereas 2020 Appendectomies (n = 67) had 18% consultants; 71.6% registrars and 10.4% fellows. The Likert questionnaire showed 42.86% had mental exhaustion, less confidence/skills due to lesser opportunities/procedures. 57.14% expressed COVID 19 extremely affected surgical training while 28.14% believed in a reduction of 81-100% operative log book entries from before. Conclusions Although, the results were not significant in number of cases managed by trainees; many reported perceived loss of training( log book/portfolio), less teaching/training opportunities and mental exhaustion.


Topicality. Сlemastine fumarate (tavegil)-1-methyl-2 [2-α-methyl-p-chlorobenzhydryloxy)-ethyl]-pyrrolidine fumarate is the first generation H1-histamine receptor blocker. Сlemastine fumarate selectively inhibits histamine H1 receptors and reduces capillary permeability. The drug has a pronounced anti-allergic and antipruritic effect. Clemastine prevents the development of vasodilation and the smooth muscle contraction induced by histamine. Сlemastine fumarate has an isignificant anticholinergic activity, causes sedation. The drug is used to treat pruritus in psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. Clemastine is characterized by the following side effects: increased fatigue, drowsiness, sedation, weakness, lethargy, impaired coordination of movements; nausea, vomiting, decreased blood pressure, palpitations, hemolytic anemia, skin rash, anaphylactic shock. In case of an overdose, the drug has a neurotoxic effect, which manifests itself in impaired consciousness with the development of generalized anticholinergic convulsive syndrome. The urgent task for monitoring the treatment effectiveness of the population with сlemastine fumarate and diagnosis of drug intoxication is the choice of highly sensitive and selective research methods of its analysis in pharmaceuticals and biological matrices during the treatment.
Aim. To develop an algorithm for directed analysis of clemastine in biological extracts from the blood using a unified method of the HPLC research.
Materials and methods. The extraction of clemastine was performed with chloroform at Ph 9.0. The extracts were purified from impurities by a combination of TLC and extraction with hexane. The TLC purification and identification of clemastine were carried out under optimal conditions: the system of organic solvents – methanol – 25 % solution of ammonium hydroxide (100 : 1.5) and chromatographic plates – Sorbfil PTLC-AF-A, Rf сlemastine = 0.60 ± 0.03. To detect clemastine, the most sensitive location reagents were used –UV light (λ  = 254 nm) and Dragendorff's reagent modified by Mounier. The chromatographic analysis was performed on a "Milichrome A-02" microcolumn liquid chromatograph (EkoNova, Closed Joint-Stock Company, Russia) under standardized HPLC conditions: the reversed-phase variant using a metal column with a non-polar absorbent Prontosil 120-5C 18 AQ, 5 μm; the mobile phase in the linear gradient mode – from eluent А (5 % acetonitrile and 95 % buffer solution – 0.2 М solution of lithium perchlorate in 0.005 М solution of perchloric acid) to eluent B (100 % acetonitrile) for 40 min. Regeneration of the column was conducted for 2 min with the mixture of solvents; the flow rate of the mobile phase was 100 μl/min, the injection volume – 4 μl. The multichannel detection of the substance was performed using a two-beam multi-wave UV spectrophotometer at 8 wavelengths of 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 280, and 300 nm; the optimal value of the column temperature – 37-40 °С and the pump pressure – 2.8-3.2 MPa.
Results and discussion. Isolation of clemastine from the blood was performed according to the method developed, including the extraction with chloroform at pH 9.0; the extraction purification of extracts with hexane from impurities; the TLC purification and identification of clemastine. Using the unified HPLC method clemastine was identified by retention parameters and spectral ratios. For the quantitative determination, a calibration graph or the straight line equation corresponding to this graph were used. The results obtained indicated the reliability and reproducibility of the method. It was found that the relative uncertainty of the average result in the analysis of clemastine in the blood was ε = ± 4.63 %, the relative standard deviation of the average result was RSDx = 1.67 %.
Conclusions. Clemastine was extracted with chloroform at pH 9.0 from the blood. Purification of extracts from co-extractive compounds was performed by combining TLC and extraction with hexane. It has been found that when isolating сlemastine from the blood according to the methods developed it is possible to determine 36.05-39.55 % of the substance (ε = ± 4.63 %, RSDx = 1.67 %). The method of TLC purification and identification of сlemastine in biogenic extracts was tested under the optimal conditions: the system of organic solvents – methanol – 25 % solution of ammonium hydroxide (100 : 1.5), the use of reagents – UV light, Dragendorff's reagent modified by Mounier, Rf сlemastine = 0.60 ± 0.03 (Sorbfil PTLC-AF-A). The unified HPLC method for identification and quantification of сlemastine was tested in biogenic extracts from the blood according to the algorithm of the directed analysis developed. It has been found that сlemastine can be identified by the retention time – 25.997-26.011 min; the retention volume – 2599.7-2601.1 μl; spectral ratios – 0.741; 0.536; 0.096; 0.023; 0.027; 0.005; 0.003. The сlemastine content was determined by the equation S = 0.15 · 10-3 С + 0.14 · 10-3; the correlation coefficient was equal to 0.9998. Chromatographic methods can be recommended for implementation in practice of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, poison control centers, clinical laboratories regarding the study of medicinal substances in biological objects.


In our editorial for the first issue of this volume we remarked how the scope of the journal has evolved significantly over the past 30 years to include research on computing education among learners of all ages and in all contexts. That said, discipline-based education research in computing at the university level is still a mainstay of the field, and this anniversary issue is a wonderful example of the variety of research being carried out in post-secondary formal education. Authors in this issue address content that spans the undergraduate curriculum, ranging from introductory CS1 to data structures to software engineering. Morrison, Margulieux, and Decker continue the exciting ongoing conversation in the computing education research community about cognitive load theory, worked examples, and subgoal labeling. This article focuses on how students wrestle with a single, common introductory programming context in a university classroom – while loops. It integrates data across several prior studies, and as such, it is also an interesting example of internal replication. Without giving away all that makes this paper "curious", suffice it to say that Morrison et al. offer unique variations on instruction using subgoals, and they find that there are nuanced interactions between what students are doing with subgoal labels and the transfer distance between worked examples being used. We are also thrilled that Morrison, Margulieux, and Decker have made all of their study materials available for inspection and use as a supplemental online appendix to the paper! You will find all those documents linked directly from the Taylor & Francis database entry. Mahmoud, Tushev, and Williams next turn our attention to another core course in undergraduate computing education – software engineering. Specifically, they examine differences in how student teams adopt GitHub to manage semester-long projects. Their mixed-methods analysis sheds light on common difficulties students face when learning to use Git, and they suggest that scaffolding may be needed to help teams adopt effective collaboration strategies (and tools) when working various types of artifacts created in a software engineering project. Interestingly, Mahmoud et al. note no statistically significant correlation between team grades and common version control metrics like commit frequency or message quality, raising an important question about how we use such metrics in student assessment. Martínez, Wimmer, and Cabot present a different facet of software engineering education. Their work focuses on the automatic detection of plagiarism in software modeling assignments. What makes this work exciting is that it begins to address a gap in the literature about academic integrity in computer science assessment. As they point out, we know a good deal about how to detect inappropriate use of materials in written documents and in source code. However, assessment in software engineering, capstone, and other similar courses also relies heavily on student-produced UML models, diagrams, and other types of design abstractions. This paper provides initial feasibility evidence of one COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION 2020, VOL. 30, NO. 2, 125–126 https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2020.1765647


A numerical wave tank is established based on the extended pseudo-concentration method and Sommerfeld absorbing boundary conditions. The 2-D Navier-Stokes equations for viscous incompressible flow is solved by the finite element method (FEM) coupled with the large eddy simulation (LES) turbulent model in an Eulerian framework. The free surface function equation is solved in a Lagrangian framework defined along the trajectories of the fluid particles. To validate the present numerical wave model, a numerical simulation of wave action on seabed pipeline is carried out with the numerical wave tank at Re=10700. The calculated wave force is in reasonable agreement with the measured results.


The invention is applicable to the technical field of intelligent watches and provides a method and a device for controlling the intelligent watch. The method comprises the following steps: detecting touch and slide operation on a touch sensing tape; correspondingly controlling the intelligent watch according to the detected touch and slide operation. By detecting the touch and slide operation on the touch sensing tape, the method and the device disclosed by the invention can be used for correspondingly controlling the intelligent watch according to the detected touch and slide operation, so that a user can check the displayed content of a display screen without trouble when fingers shield the display screen during sliding of the displayed content of the display screen, and thus the operation convenience in control of the intelligent watch is improved, and convenience is provided for the user to check the displayed content of the display screen in real time.


The objective of the Second Education Quality Improvement Program Project for Afghanistan is to increase equitable access to quality basic education especially for girls through school grants, teacher training and strengthened institutional capacity with support from communities and private providers. The restructuring paper seeks the approval of the Regional Vice-President to a level two restructuring to introduce changes to Second Education Quality Improvement Project (EQUIP II) (P106259) and amend the project's grant agreement accordingly. These proposed changes include: (a) extend the current Closing Date from August 15, 2015 to December 31, 2016 (cumulative extension of the additional financing grant financed through Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust fund (ARTF) is 28.5 months), (b) revise the project key performance indicators to be more specific and to include most up to date data and information, and (c) make adjustments to project activities in order to reflect only those that can reasonably be completed by the new closing date. The restructuring was discussed with the Government during the last supervision mission in April 2015 and was requested by the Government of Afghanistan, in a letter dated August 2, 2015.


Three types of electron spin resonance spectra, each of which is important to the study of the effects of highenergy radiation, are distinguished and the method is described. The electron spin resonance spectra distinguished are the single crystal, polycrystalline solids and gases, and fiuid media spectra. The method is based on the fact that an atom or molecule with an unpaired electron, when placed ln a stromg magnetic field, exhlbits a hyperfinen energy- level structure. (N.W.R.)


Application of opioids to the brainstem activates a form of descending inhibition that is mediated by serotonin acting at 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B/1D and 5-HT2 receptors (Lo et al. 2003). However, in rat doses of morphine sufficient to activate this inhibition do not alter the firing patterns of physiologically identified serotonergic cells in the rostral ventromedial medulla (Gao et al. 1998), the source of most serotonergic inputs to the spinal cord. A possible explanation for this apparent paradox was offered by the observation that brain application of opioids causes the release of acetylcholine from the spinal cord (Gage et al. 2001), and that activation of spinal nicotinic receptors stimulates the release of 5-HT directly from spinal serotonergic terminals (Cordero-Erausquin & Changeux, 2001). We have investigated this idea indirectly by examining the effects of spinal application of the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine on fentanylevoked descending inhibition.


In this paper, a method with tabu search and multi-population based genetic algorithms for path planning is proposed. Different genetic operators are compared in order to find the fittest genetic operator. The simulation indicates that the tabu search heavily enlarges the search efficiency, and multi-population technic combine with different fitness functions can avoid trapping into local optimal solution.


Rescue archaeology challenges are current in archaeological research in many ways. The usual short time to develop a fieldwork intervention is one of those challenges, demanding the selection of trained teams, which may answer to the questions raised during the process of excavation. If a well-trained team is important in order to face such questions, one should also highlight the importance of using new recording technologies that could support the team in the interpretation process of the evidences coming from the ground during excavation. One of the strategies that may answer to these challenges is the use of photogrammetric products from aerial photograph using a UAV. This technique allows, as we will see, the production of several photographic records, which may help to characterise and interpret both archaeological and geomorphological realities [1, 2]. The use of these techniques and data not only complement the traditional recording practices as they become useful tools on the way the team may observe the archaeological evidence, challenging the process of gathering and interpreting data. This paper focus on the case of how such challenges were managed during the intervention on three prehistoric sites – Rôdo, Bispeira 8 and Vau – located at the mid Vouga's valley, which were intervened due the construction of the hydroelectric facilities called "Aproveitamento Hidroelétrico de Ribeiradio-Ermida". This project entailed a dam and a reservoir (located at Sever de Vouga and Oliveira de Frades) which would flood a large area within were located the archaeological sites mentioned above. As the identification of the sites was made during the final works of the dam, there was little time to plan and execute the excavations needed to understand the archaeological sites. Regarding this, there was a concern about the creation of an interdisciplinary team to assure the interpretation of the geomorphological and geoarchaeological dynamics of the sites. At the same time, a challenge to use technology that could speed up the process of gathering and recording the data needed to characterize, understand and interpret the archaeological evidence both during the fieldwork and afterwards on post-excavation research. The three prehistoric sites – Rôdo, Bispeira 8 and Vau – present stratigraphic levels with remains of human occupation dating from the Late Pleistocene and Holocene [3, 4, 5]. Due the lack of sites of these chronologies in the region, they become a very important source of information to create knowledge about Small Unmanned Aerial Systems for Environmental Research – 5th Edition 95 how prehistoric communities dwelt in this region during these periods. At the same time, regarding its location at the Vouga's valley, these sites are also an important source of data, which may contribute to the understanding of how these sites might have been articulated with other important prehistoric sites from the Portuguese Estremadura and from the Côa Valley. Besides the archaeological relevance of the sites, the archaeological intervention was also an opportunity to gather data regarding the geomorphological dynamics of the Vouga River. Should be noted that these geomorphological data were, in its own terms, elements that would help to understand the archaeological record. In fact, each archaeological site is located at different points of the valley, which means that each one has its own geomorphological specificities requiring different, but articulated, research concerns. This diversity also means that each site carried the possibility to create different points of observation on the geomorphology of the Vouga's valley. The site of Rôdo is located on a flat surface corresponding broadly to a fluvial terrace, inclined towards the current riverbed of Vouga, encompassing the convex sector of a meander, inserted in the embedded valley of the river. The platform where this site is located results of a long process in which there were contributions from different dynamics: the river incision and the formation of different terrace levels and from slope erosion. Bispeira 8 is located upstream of Rôdo at a higher elevation. At this location, there was no clear vestiges of terraces and, from a geomorphological point of view; it seems that the site was formed only because of slope dynamics. Vau is located at the foot of the slopes of Teixeira's valley, a tributary of Vouga river. The archaeological remains were located at a meander in which a river beach was formed. At this location, the geomorphological context and the dynamics of the site is similar to Rôdo, i.e, the site was formed within the process of the Teixeira's incision and by slope erosion. Even so, as we will present, the archaeological and geomorphological reality observed at Rôdo and Vau have many differences. In fact, these three sites present a geomorphological and geoarchaeological complexity whose recording demanded traditional topographic methods and, at the same time, other technologies – namely high detailed orthoimage for small/medium areas – which could enlarge the observation area and allow its articulation with other points of the valley in order to contextualise local evidence with larger scales of analysis. During the archaeological intervention there was a conjunction between classical fieldwork and new technologies, which were useful for the excavation record and later research, namely by the acquisition and analysis of images captured by autonomous unmanned vehicle (UAV) and further processing of the collected data. On the field, it was used a Hexacopter device (± 2700g of weight), class 550 with a controller 3dr APM for Arducopter 3.6 and with a time of operation of 12 – 16 min. From a collection of aprox. 600 aerial photographs (5 cm of pixel size), it was made a global orthoimage of the areas, and produced digital surface models and digital terrain models. These data were the basis for mapping the archaeological sites, the archaeological structures, and have detailed geomorphological data to analyse and to interpret the local context, namely by the DTM's. In addition, to refine the altitude data it was used several control points of the excavations sites, which were defined by classical topographic techniques (using a Leica TS02 plus 7" device) and referenced to the national geodetic network. The image acquisition was performed from the UAV equipped with a conventional Canon Powershot sx260hs (12 megapixels) digital camera whose memory card has an application (CHDK-Canon Hack Development Kit) that allows shooting automatically within a certain time interval set by the user. The global orthoimages became an important support for the further discussion on cabinet after the conclusion of the fieldwork. The specific characteristics of flights with an UAV (low altitude flights) allow having images with many advantages, such as: excellent resolution, large overlap and reduced execution time [6]. In the processing step, the photographs obtained were verified and selected, excluding those that were blurred or captured during takeoff and landing. Then, they were processed with Agisoft PhotoScan software, which generates a digital textured surface model from a cloud of points. Firstly, the program aligns the photographs according to common points or points of correspondence that are present in several images, and are invariants to the changes of illumination, to the noise of the image and also performed the basic geometric transformations as: scale, translation and rotation. These points are identified as elements of an object, and therefore the position of each photograph is rectified and the calibration parameters improved [7]. Subsequently, a dense cloud of dots is created by estimating camera positions and photographs. Small Unmanned Aerial Systems for Environmental Research – 5th Edition 96 The third phase was the 3D model creation from the dense cloud of points. The software reconstructs a polygonal and three-dimensional mesh that represents the surface of the study area. Finally, after the 3D model (the geometry) be completed, it was possible to add texture to the surface and generate a global orthoimages of the area. The result of this process consists of a digital surface model georeferenced from the GPS data of the photographs. Finally, the interpretation stage was carried out. Previously, the orthoimage was added to the ArcMap software (ArcGIS) and indirect georeferencing [8] was achieved through control points of the excavation sites. This procedure gave to the orthoimage more spatial precision. Figure 1. UAV orthoimage showing the clear distinction of the two geoarchaeological units (dot line) and the axe of a surficial debris flow (arrow) affecting some of the top archaeological structures. Thus, the intertwining of traditional and new recording techniques allowed the creation of products in which global images of the excavation can be observed with detailed recording of the archaeological features (stone structures, for example) and its stratigraphic context. At the same time, these images, by capturing the geomorphological frame of such features, were also useful tools to understand how some of them were preserved or dismantled. By giving these kind of information, these images turned to be also useful tools on the management of the excavation itself. Besides that, these visual products also revealed to be useful elements on post-excavation research, by enabling three-dimensional models that allow developing previous ideas and the emergence of new points of view. Fig. 1 is an example of how orthoimages can be used in order to understand the archaeological record to which can be added information regarding the geomorphological dynamics. In fact, the technique recreates the conditions under which the interdisciplinary dialogue can be developed and, by doing this, it makes possible the creation of new images, which can translate in diverse wa


The w hite r oot f ungus (WRF) disease caused by Rigidoporus microporus is the main disease that reduce rubber production . The use of biological agents, such as rhizobacteria and botanical fungicide is expected to control WRF disease. The research aimed to determine the potential of rhizobacteria and botanical fungicide with the active compound of citronellal, geraniol, eugenol, and catechin to suppress the growth of R. microporus and control WRF disease. The i n vitro studies were conducted at the laboratory of KP. Lain g, Solok, whereas in planta test s at rubber plantations in Sijunjung , West Sumatra from April to November 2012. The in planta tests used the factorial designs, which were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 2 factorial s and 3 replications. The first factor wa s 4 treatment s , using Bacillus sp . Bc94, Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf55, a combination of Bacillus sp. Bc94 and P. fluorescens Pf55, and without rhizobacteria. The second factor wa s 3 treatment s , using b iofungicide formula: formula F1, formula F2, and without botanical fungicide. The parameters assessed were inhibition of R. microporus growth and  development of WRF disease . The results showed that Bacillus sp. Bc94 , P. fluorescence Pf55 and the combination of citronellal, geraniol, eugenol, and catechin had the highest inhibition s on R. microporus growth : 89.54%, 90.49%, and 81.39%, respectively. The c ombinations of Bacillus sp. Bc94 and P. fluorescens PF55 with botanical fungicide formulas ( F1 and F2 ) significantly inhibit ed the WRF disease intensity up to 80.95%–82.91%.


Compendium of Federal Estate Tax and Personal Wealth Studies 407 T he Federal transfer tax system, a mechanism for taxing the transfer of assets from one person to another, includes three major components: the estate tax, the generation-skipping transfer tax, and the gift tax. The gift tax, reported on IRS Form 709, United States Gift (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return, is incurred for property transfers during the donor's life, inter vivos transfers, whereas the estate tax is assessed or incurred on property transferred after death. The purpose of this article is to explore data derived from gift tax returns filed in 2006, demonstrative of gifts given in 2005.1 Gift tax data provide valuable information on donors, who are primarily wealthy Americans. These data, the result of statistical studies completed by the Statistics of Income (SOI) Division of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), are tabulated for each filing year and come directly from Form 709.2 The total population of 2005 donors was 261,104, who transferred $38.5 billion in total gifts to selected donees, or gift recipients. Donors transferred a broad range of assets, including cash, publicly traded stock, real estate, and others. Of the gift tax returns filed, only 2.9 percent reported a tax liability. Different types of gift-giving vehicles were used to transfer assets from donor to donee. Direct, or outright, transfers comprised 76.3 percent of total assets given. Simple trusts, defined by the Internal Revenue Code as a trust that must distribute all income annually, comprised 7.3 percent of total assets given. Female donors gave a total of $21.7 billion in gifts, while males gave $16.8 billion.3


In the process of protecting and preserving the architectural heritage, the research of balance between structure and form, old and new intervention is an ongoing challenge which aims to respond to modern needs, understanding that it is no longer possible to disregard the understanding of the environmental comfort problems applied to improve the efficiency and compatibility of the intervention. Well-founded in theory the need to intervene on heritage with measures to 'improve', the problem that persists in practice consists in calibrate the proper 'weight' of concurrent factors: architectural heritage, functional equipment to ensure, assessment of feasibility of the intervention.Therefore, the research will investigate the issues of improvement of the comfort conditions in historical buildings inside the discipline of restoration, especially in its design lapel, where G.C. Argan (1986) has highlighted a disconnection problem between theory and practice. The target is to understand the application of passive systems for reducing the use of active ones, source and cause of problems of compatibility and reversibility, paying attention to ventilation as a passive form of cooling and heating. Underlined are the fallouts in terms of design, with emphasis on the 'space limits', where the triggered mechanisms can determine the variations that are useful to define the right interior comfort. In this context it must be assessed not only an objective component, represented by measurable parameters, from compositional aspects of space or technical installations, but also all that part of sensorial components that, if evaluated properly, it can have a positive effect on energy reduction in the buildings. Focal point of the research is the identification of real cases that can provide the basis for the research of a share methodology. It is essential that the matter be extended to the whole context, addressing the issue of ventilation from the confined space until the urban scale, and vice versa, evaluating the contributions that are the boundary that will influence the dynamics, without losing sight of the entire and not the all .


Sustainability requires that soil loss is matched by soil production. While soil production can be accelerated by tillage and related methods, application of these techniques is restricted to certain styles of land use such as cropping. Elsewhere, soil production is the consequence of natural processes dominated by weathering and bioturbation in the regolith. In contrast with soil loss, which is estimated by a variety of techniques, the determination of natural rates of soil production has been problematic.


Introduction: India with hard coal production of about 254 MT from about 550 nationalised mines in 1994-95 is the third largest coal producing country in the world after China & USA. The country with 16.4 percent population of the world has measure 6.8 percent share of proved world coal resources. Coalfield over an area of 4.37 million hectares out of the total land surface of 328.8 million hectares in India. However, the area covered by the past and present coal mining projects is only about 0.36 million hectares i.e 0.11% of the total area of our country. Coal industry in India is over 200 years old but the real growth in Indian coal industry took place since 1971. To achieve target of coal production the exact coordination of three M's are necessary i.e manpower, machinery and management. Out of these three machinery has the greatest role to play in achieving the target. It is the backbone of coal transportation through haulage transport and mine hoisting . Haulage are considered the second largest single cause of accident by studying the accident rate data (TABLE-II). Rope haulage still remains the primary means of transportation of men, minerals and supplies in the underground coal mines. The other rope transport system i.e. mine hoisting system transport men, minerals and the waste and employs many mechanical items from suspension gear to steel wire ropes and then head gear pulley shaft. In hostile environment of mining operation transportation system either by haulage or hoisting required to be reliable and safe. The accident rate data for mine hoisting was shown in TABLE-I.


For the problems of insufficient drying caused by the narrow drying space and unreasonable spacing of clothes in the family, this paper independently designs an adjustable drying device. The whole device adopts a drawer-type structure, and first through the bevel gear structure, the overall up and down movement is realized; Secondly, adjust the spacing of clothes through the hinge structure to make the clothes fully dry; Finally, two staggered crossbars are used to realize the flipping and drying of a large area of fabric, thus meeting the comprehensive needs of family life. It adopts GPRS_ Air202 control, with wired mode and wireless mode for intelligent control. Based on the finite element method, the static and dynamic analysis of the main components of the device was carried out to verify the feasibility of the design, and the stress results obtained were less than the allowable stress, which met the design requirements.


Based on the results of the field measurement, analyses of the time domain characteristic of possible conducted disturbance sources have been done and typical waveforms have been concluded to develop the EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) research of the lifting component of the truck crane. Focusing on the correspondence between time parameters of the disturbance of the sources and victims, this paper reveals the generation mechanism of the coupled disturbance. The amplitude and frequency parameters of the main disturbance sources are compared with the standard immunity test pulses suggested by ISO7637-2. The differences between them indicate that the extant standard might not apply to the test of the truck crane without adjustment. The presented results could form a sound basis for the development of a special standard for the EMC test of the truck crane and further relevant EMC research.


Based on the quantative analysis of faults activity with faults activity velocity, the development episodes, combination characteristics and formation mechanisms of faults in Zhanhua Sag since the Indonesian movement were studied and discussed. The results show that the development of Zhanhua Sag in Mesozoic and Cenozoic was mainly controlled by the convergence of Siberia plate, Yangtze plate and North China plate in Eurasian tectonic system and the activity of Tanlu fault zone of circum-Pacific tectonic system. The development of NW- trending reverse faults in Late Triassic was the local extrusion adjustment result of convergence of North China plate and Yangtze plate. The reversion of NW-trending faults in late Jurassic and Cretaceous was the result of sinistral shear of Tanlu fault zone under the level stretching background caused by the ascending of mantle, which was the result of subduction of Pacific plate. In the interim of Yanshan—Himalayan stage, the transition from sinistral to dextrorotation of Tanlu fault zone resulted in the transition of faults from NW-trending to NE(NEE)-trending in Zhanhua Sag.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the use of video playback with student teachers to promote teacher learning and to analyse patterns of reflection. A total of 14 student teachers video recorded their lessons in the practice setting and later confronted their performance, facing their videotaped lesson during the course of an interview with their university supervisor. The interviews were then transcribed and coded. Our results indicate that video playback facilitates student teacher learning and that the quality of reflection ranges from routine to dialogic. This suggests that further research into how to elicit higher levels of reflection is needed. The role of the supervisor in promoting deeper thinking should be further examined.


This article considers the contemporary configurations of international migratory flows in the Brazilian situation, with an emphasis on the state of Paraná and its refractions in social policies. The objective is to problematize professional interventions with immigrants in relation to social security policies. The study is based on partial data from a research project underway, and includes an analysis of sixty questionnaires issued to immigrants and nine interviews with social workers. The data originated in five municipalities with the highest incidence of immigrants in a metropolitan region in Paraná state, Brazil. The analysis demonstrates a lack of understanding among social workers about the principles of universality and equity in conducting interventions. It also found an absence of in depth knowledge about the territorial configurations in which the services to and particularities of immigrants develop. This indicates that access to social services among migrants is still under construction and requires not only investments by the state, but also a professional commitment that understands them as unique subjects.


In order to realize automatic ship target detection with panoramic camera in the marine environment, a sea-sky-line extraction algorithm for panoramic image. Firstly, an improved canny edge detection method based on partition adaptive threshold was used. Then after edge thining, the sea-sky-line edge extraction algorithm was proposed based on the longest curve method and the ellipse fitting was performed to get the sea-sky-line elliptic equation. The experimental results prove that this method can effectively detect the sea-sky-line under complex sea-sky background. The success rate can be up to 93% and the time cost is 46ms/frame, which is robust and real-time.


To make full use of chestnut shell resources,the optimum extraction process for procyanidins from chestnut shells(CSPCs)with aqueous ethanol was investigated by response surface analysis,and the stability of CSPCs was explored for its best storage conditions.The effects of ethanol concentration,ratio of solid to liquid,extraction temperature and time on the yield of CSPCs were evaluated,and the effects of pH,light,temperature,additives and metal ions on the stability of CSPCs were also investigated.The optimized extraction conditions were as follows:extraction with a 14.5-fold volume of 51%aqueous ethanol solution at 69.3℃for 2 h.Under these conditions,the theoretical yield of CSPCs was 40.35 mg/g,and the measured value was 40.23 mg/g.The results of stability experiments showed that CSPCs was stable at pH 2.2-6,whereas it had poor light stability and should be consequently stored in darkness at low temperature(4-20℃).NaHSO3 could protect CSPCs to some extent. Na+,K+,Mg2+,and Al3+were found to have positive contribution to CSPCs stability,while sodium benzoate,Ca2+,Fe2+and Cu2+ could not coexist with CSPCs.Therefore,to maintain the stability of CSPCs,it is necessary to control temperature,light and metal ions.An acidic environment and the presence of NaHSO3 can improve the stability of CSPCs.


Herpesviruses are widespread throughout the biosphere and infect a wide variety of different animal
 species. They all belong to the order Herpesvirales and the three families Herpesviridae,
 Alloherpesviridae, and Malacoherpesviridae. They share numerous properties: an enveloped large DNA
 structure, an ability to persist indefinitely as a silent infection in the host after primary infection and
 to reactivate and produce again a lytic infection, an ability to maintain a balance with the host defences,
 and the development of serious symptoms when these defences weaken. The eight human herpesviruses
 are herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human
 cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesviruses (HHV) 6, 7, and 8 (-6, HHV-
 7, HHV-8), the last one being also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Cell tropism,
 either during active infection or latency, differs according to each virus species and partly determines
 the pathogenicity of herpesviruses which behave as opportunistic agents. The diagnosis of acute
 infections is mainly based on PCR, and particularly real-time to quantify the viral load. Preventive vaccines
 only exist against VZV. Antiviral chemotherapy, based on viral DNA polymerase inhibitors, is efficient
 against active infections but has no effect against latent infection or in case of drug resistance
 due to viral DNA mutations.


This paper describes the design and construction of a submarine outfall in the province of Murcia, Spain. The construction design was produced by Iberinsa in March 2004 and construction took place in 2004–2005. The factors which influenced the design are identified and the construction programme is described in detail. The actions taken to safeguard the environment during the construction and to monitor the environmental impacts, particularly with respect to a marine meadow that lies off the coast, are also reported.