This paper discusses the unique continuation principal of the solutions of the following perturbed fourth order elliptic differential operator $\mathcal{L}_{A,q}u=0$, where \[ \mathcal{L}_{A,q}(x,D)\ =\ \sum_{j=1}^nD^4_{x_j} + \sum_{j=1}^n A_jD_{x_j} + q, \qquad (A, q) \in W^{1,\infty}(\Omega,\mathbb{C}^n) \times L^{\infty}(\Omega,\mathbb{C}) \] whose principal term is not given by some integer power of the Laplacian operator. We derive the so-called three ball inequality, stability estimate, doubling inequality and strong unique continuation principle to have complete understanding of its local behaviour.


Firstly, based on the analysis of data transmission methods of IEEE 802.15.4 standards, using of NS2 to simulate the network performance with respect to star, peer-to-peer and cluster tree topologies respectively. The simulation results showed that traffic rate increased, beacon order changed and beacon-enabled node changed impact on performance metrics such as end-to-end delay and delivery rate. By calculating the energy consumption of every node, we compare the energy consumption problems of various types of nodes in the networks, then annlyse the average energy remained in the cluster-tree networks. The analytical results provide the theoretical principles for better protocol configurating and beacon order to achieve more reliable, more energy-saving purposes in the development and application.


In GIS and cartology,the boundary searching of discrete object group is an important problem.The traditional algorithm is based on vector data.A new algorithm based on raster data is put forward in this paper.The method and procedure,which are used to search boundary by closing operation,are presented within two examples of calculating point cluster.This new method provides a new boundary searching for DEM generation and cartology.


The present article relates the concepts of quality of life, sustainable city and aging. It shows how certain conditions of the urban habitat affect the quality of life of the oldest group of the population. Some initial results are analyzed, obtained in the field study, through qualitative method Focus Group.


Use of CFD tools for industrial offshore applications is a great interest nowadays, therefore is the need for validation of such tools against experimental results. This paper presents wave run up estimations with a fixed large vol ume semi - submersible performed with the CFD code ComFlow. The predicted results of numerical simulations are compared with experimental data at two locations: on the first and the second column of the semi - submersible. These codes are used to simulate the flow around a semi submersible offshore structure due to an incoming regular wave under the influence of high steepness regular waves. Wave basin tests were performed with small scale model of a large volume semi - submersible. These tests evidenced some iss ues of the run - up effects along a semi - submersible body and it will be shown that the simulation results are quite similar with the experimental data.


Inflammation induces changes in nociceptive neurons which contribute to both peripheral and central sensitization of pain-sensitive pathways. Plastic changes in sensory neuron excitability are considered the cellular basis of persistent pain. It is well investigated that microRNA can
 modulate gene expression impact on pain. It has reported miR-143 was downregulated in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in inflammatory mice. However, less information is available about contribution of miRNA in pain behavior. Here, we demonstrate that miR-143 is also downregulated in spinal dorsal
 horn. Local increase of miR-143 by using an miR-143 mimic can suppress established inflammatory pain. Furthermore, block miR-143 function was sufficient to cause pain-related behaviors in intact mice. miR-143 targeted the Rab1a gene, and decreased miR-143 associated with pain caused increased
 Rab1a protein expression, independent of messenger RNA levels. Consistently, miR-143 overexpression in spinal cord suppressed increased Rab1a expression and normalized long-lasting hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons. These findings demonstrate miR-143 downregulation is causally involved
 in maintenance of inflammatory pain through regulation of Rab1a and miR-143 supplement offers a novel therapeutic strategy specific for chronic inflammatory pain.


The structure and function of an automated nosometric system, created by the authors, for prognosis of the risk of delivery of a child with low weight is described. The system is designed for health services, which give direction to parturient (public health sectors) and obstetric wards without technique and specialists for management of such children. The summarized extract is made on 883 cases, but verification--on 463 cases. The total effectiveness of the system is 82.1% against 66.25% of exact results during intuitive prognosis.


This collection of wearable artefacts contributes to an enquiry where object and body are used as a device to engage audiences in a commentary about material value, product consumption and global concerns related to materials supply, recycling and sustainability. As both critical artefact and decorative adornment they aim to better understand product ownership, replacement and disposal practices in order to understand how changes in consumer behaviour might be encouraged. Inspired by the everyday belongings we often discard without thought the wearable jewels 'Reuse-Revalue' combine reclaimed materials, found objects with precious metals and gems, drawing upon traditional notions of the beaded necklace that exploit sound and tactility when worn. They question perceptions of material value and adornment, explore personal identity and create visual narratives.


The first observations of HF heater stimulated electromagnetic emissions induced in the low-latitude ionospheric plasma above Arecibo, Puerto Rico, are reported. Many systematic spectral features of the emissions bear a close resemblance to those observed in ionospheric modification experiments in the auroral zone and scale in accordance with detailed theory. This proves that these sideband emissions are not dependent on specific geophysical conditions but are due to fundamental interaction processes in the ionospheric plasma. We also report the discovery of unique, short-lived HF sideband emissions that are less systematic than those observed previously and accompanied by a quenching of the HF enhanced plasma and ion lines in the Arecibo 430 MHz incoherent scatter radar spectra.


It is very common for Internet users to query a search engine when retrieving web information. Sensitive data about search engine user's intentions or behavior can be inferred from his query phrases and the webpages he visits subsequently. In order to protect contents of communications from being eavesdropped, a search engine can adopt HTTPS-by-default to provide bidirectional encryption to protect its users' privacy. Since the majority of webpages indexed in search engine's results pages are still on HTTP-enabled websites and the contents of these webpages can be observed by attackers once the user click on the indexed web-links. We propose a novel approach for attacking secure search through correlating analysis of encrypted search with unencrypted webpages the user visits subsequently. We show that a simple weighted TF-DF mechanism is sufficient for selecting guessing phrase candidates. Imitating search engine users, by querying these candidates and enumerating webpages indexed in results pages, we can hit the definite query phrases and meanwhile reconstruct user's web-surfing trails through DNS-based URLs comparison and flow feature statistics-based network traffic analysis. In the experiment including 180 Chinese and English search phrases, we achieved 67.78% hit rate at first guess and 96.11% hit rate within three guesses. Our empirical research shows that HTTPS traffic can be correlated and de-anonymized through HTTP traffic and secure search of search engine is not always secure unless HTTPS-by-default enabled everywhere.


Abstract. Coffee is an important crop in tropical regions of the world; about 125 million people depend on coffee agriculture for their livelihoods. Understanding the spatial extent of coffee fields is useful for management and control of coffee pests such as Hypothenemus hampei and other pests that use coffee fruit as a host for immature stages such as the Mediterranean fruit fly, for economic planning, and for following changes in coffee agroecosystems over time. We present two methods for detecting Coffea arabica fields using remote sensing and geospatial technologies on WorldView-2 high-resolution spectral data of the Kona region of Hawaii Island. The first method, a pixel-based method using a maximum likelihood algorithm, attained 72% producer accuracy and 69% user accuracy (68% overall accuracy) based on analysis of 104 ground truth testing polygons. The second method, an object-based image analysis (OBIA) method, considered both spectral and textural information and improved accuracy, resulting in 76% producer accuracy and 94% user accuracy (81% overall accuracy) for the same testing areas. We conclude that the OBIA method is useful for detecting coffee fields grown in the open and use it to estimate the distribution of about 1050 hectares under coffee agriculture in the Kona region in 2012.


Young stars are highly variable in the X-ray regime. In particular, bright X-ray flares can substantially enhance ionization in the surrounding protoplanetary disk. Since disk chemical evolution is impacted by ionization, X-ray flares have the potential to fundamentally alter the chemistry of planet-forming regions. We present two-dimensional disk chemical models that incorporate a stochastic X-ray flaring module, named XGEN, and examine the flares' overall chemical impact compared to models that assume a constant X-ray flux. We examine the impact of 500 yr of flaring events and find global chemical changes on both short timescales (days) in response to discrete flaring events and long timescales (centuries) in response to the cumulative impact of many flares. Individual X-ray flares most strongly affect small gas-phase cations, where a single flare can temporarily enhance the abundance of species such as H3+ , HCO+, CH3 +, and C+. We find that flares can also drive chemistry out of "steady state" over longer time periods, where the disk-integrated abundance of some species, such as O and O2, changes by a few percent over the 500 yr model. We also explore whether the specific history of X-ray flaring events (randomly drawn but from the same energy distribution) impacts the chemical evolution and find that it does not. Finally, we examine the impact of X-ray flares on the electron fraction. While most molecules modeled are not highly sensitive to flares, certain species, including observable molecules, are very reactive to the dynamic environment of a young star.


The invention relates on the one hand, a working process in the electric arc, such a plasma cutting process or TIG welding, in which a torch is supplied with at least one non-oxidizing gas, the said torch being provided with at least one pure metal or alloy electrode, such as a tungsten electrode, characterized in that said non-oxidizing gas contains a proportion of oxygen impurities [O 2] of less than 80 ppmv and a proportion of impurities Type steam [H2 O] less than 400 ppmv and, secondly, such a welding gas.


Abstract A tennis skill test for use in quantifying achievement in the forehand and backhand drive strokes was developed and then validated using 76 college women enrolled in beginning tennis classes. The test consisted of returning balls pitched by a pneumatic ball machine into target areas drawn in chalk on a regulation tennis court. Speed of the subjects' shots was assessed by measuring accumulated time in flight for rounds of 10 trials using a stopwatch. A time factor was then employed to correct the target value total for the trials to adjust for ball speed, thus rewarding the more skilled player who could stroke the ball more firmly while still retaining control. The test-retest reliability of the test was found to be .84, while the validity of the test, using judges' ratings as a criterion, was .83. It was concluded that the test was a valid and reliable test of skill which was closely related to the actual game situation. Percentile norms were developed on a limited number of subjects.


We have developed coarse-grained models of RNA bound by capsid protein (CP) in response to recent in vitro studies on the self-assembly of viral RNA by capsid protein. Under typical in vitro self-assembly conditions and in particular for the case of many ssRNA viruses whose CP have cationic N-termini, the adsorption of CP onto the (anionic) RNA is non-specific because the CP concentration exceeds the Largest dissociation constant for CP-RNA binding.Following an introductory chapter, which recounts the history and physics of the in vitro self-assembly experiments, Chapters 2-4 of this dissertation explore simple lattice models of single-stranded (ss) RNA in the presence of interacting bound particles. In Chapter 2 our investigation opens with a simple model to account for the measured yield of packaged RNA (nucleocapsids) by CP. We treat the RNA as a 1D lattice, whose sites represent CP binding sites, to calculate the yield of RNA packaged as a function ofthe CP:RNA mol ratio. The measured yield of in vitro assembled nucleocapsids agrees exceptionally well with our simple 1D model.In Chapters 3 and 4 we extend our 1D model to 2D to better account for the branched nature of RNA. Our theoretical work provides the statistical-thermodynamic grounding for understanding the in vitro "competition" experiments. In these experiments two RNAs compete for a limited amount of CP. The exchange of CP between the RNAs was found to be reversible at pH 7 and, separately, it was found that long RNAs were able to strip CPs from shorter ones. Our Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that, for a given RNA mass, the sequence with the highest affinity for protein is the one with the most compactsecondary structure arising from self-complementarity; similarly, a long RNA steals protein from an equal mass of shorter ones because of the energetic preference of forming one large cluster of CPs over forming two smaller clusters.Finally, in chapter 5 we turn our attention away from the self-assembly experiments to focus on branched polymers. We show there that the 3D size of a branched polymer with N monomers can be directly calculated from a sequence of N − 2 integers, known as the Pruefer sequence. The calculation was performed numerically and shown to be far more efficient (memory-wise) than typical calculations of the 3D size.


In chemically amplified (CA) resists for electron beam (EB) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographies, acids (a pair of proton and counteranion) generated upon exposure are utilized for resist pattern formation. As protons and counteranions are separately generated during the exposure, they initially have different spatial distributions. In this work, the authors investigated the effects of proton dynamics during the recombination between protons and counteranions and subsequent acid diffusion during postexposure bake on the line edge roughness (LER) formation of the latent image. The proton dynamics and acid diffusion were simulated by a Monte Carlo technique based on diffusion under Coulomb potential induced by many-body charged species. Based on the results shown here, the correlation between the linewidth and LER as a function of exposure dose and the concentration of base additives are discussed in terms of proton and acid trajectories. The obtained aspects not only provide detailed insight into th...


The aliphatic tripodal tetramines are usually used as ligands,curing reagents for resins and intermediates for organic synthesis.The synthetic approaches for four aliphatic tripodal tetramines includingtris(2-aminoethyl)amin(tren),N,N-bis(2-aminoethyl)propylenediamine(baep),N-(2-aminoethyl)-N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)amine(abap) andtris(3-aminopropyl) amine(trpn) have been reviewed.Among them,tren and trpn are symmetrical tetraamines,whereas baep and abap are asymmetrical tetraamines.


The pathomorfologic changes of rat's spinal cord in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) after the neuron and glial-enriched fraction brain cells treatment were investigated. EAE induced by immunization of rats with Freind's adjuvant and spinal cord tissue gomogenat. Correction was carried on 12-th, 14-th, 16-th day after the induction of the EAE by intraperitoneal injections of newborn brain rat's neuron and glialenriched fractions. Treament EAE by the brain's neuronal-enriched fraction was decreased inflammatory infiltration and demyelination spinal brain. The glial cells correction was not changes volume of damage and demyelination.


The electronic, vibrational, and superconducting properties of $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{B}}_{6}$ with pressure have been extensively studied using the ab initio calculations. The Fermi surface calculation indicates a pressure-induced electronic topological transition under compression. The lattice dynamic study strongly suggests the existence of phase transition in $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{B}}_{6}$ under high pressure by evidence of a pressure-induced phonon softening behavior. Moreover, the calculated electron-phonon coupling (EPC) of $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{B}}_{6}$ with both the linear response theory and the rigid-muffin-tin approximation suggested that pairing electrons are mainly mediated by the Y low-lying phonon vibrations, and the hardening of Y low-lying phonon frequency with pressure is responsible for the decreased EPC. The current superconducting theory agrees well with the experimental suggestions [R. Lortz et al., Phys. Rev. B 73, 024512 (2006)], but in apparent contrasts to earlier theoretical calculations [G. Schell et al., Phys. Rev. B 25, 1589 (1982)]. Furthermore, the thermodynamic calculations within the quasiharmonic approximation give an accurate description of the pressure-temperature dependence of the linear thermal-expansion coefficient, bulk modulus, specific heat, and overall Gr\"uneisen parameters to compare with the experimental measurement.


The use of intra-articular steroids in the treatment of osteo-arthritis of the knee joints has not been much discussed in the literature. Burgess (1957) states that intra-articular hydrocortone is of most value in joints distended by synovial fluid.


A single monopolist plays a sequence of eight periods against a series of different entrants. There are two types of monopolists, "weak" monopolists whose single-period best response is to acquiesce after entry, and "strong" monopolists whose dominant strategy is to fight entry. Data show high levels of predatory pricing, defined as weak monopolists fighting all entrants in early periods, both with and without experimenter-induced strong monopolists. We reject a number of predictions of the asymmetric-information, sequential equilibrium model of Kreps and Wilson (1982) and find important deviations from more general sequential equilibrium models as well.


This research tries to analyze how a translator transforms the idioms in English language into Bahasa Indonesia in the conversation of the actor and actress of Pitch Perfect (2012) and Pitch Perfect 2 (2015). The focus of this research is on finding the types of idioms found in those two movies, the strategies used by the translator to transform the English idioms into Bahasa Indonesia, and on finding the translation equivalence of English idioms and their translation.
This researcher used descriptive qualitative method. It is concerned with the description of the data in the form of idiomatic expressions. Technique of collecting data used is documentation. The theory used in this research are: the theory about types of idiom by Seidle and McMordie (1980), the theory of strategies in transformed the idiom by Baker (2011), and to give evidence whether the translator of the movies transformed the idiom in its equivalence in target language, he used some idiomatic dictionaries in both languages.
The results are: (1) the idiomatic expressions in the two movies are dominated by the idiom included to the verb with preposition type amounted to 110 idioms. Then, (2) the translator of the movies mostly used the translation by paraphrase strategy, 131 data. (3) The translator translated five idiomatic expressions into its equivalence in the target language. The translator frequently transforms the idiom by paraphrase, because he only translates the idioms into their ordinary meaning, no need to seek the equivalence of the idiom in the target language.

Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menganalisis tentang bagaimana seorang penerjemah menerjemahkan idiom-idiom dalam Bahasa Inggris kedalam Bahasa Indonesia dalam percakapan para tokoh yang ada di film Pitch Perfect (2012) dan Pitch Perfect 2 (2015). Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti membahas tiga pokok pembahasan: Pertama, membahas tentang macam-macam idiom yang ada dalam kedua film tersebut. Kedua, menjelaskan tentang metode yang digunakan oleh penerjemah dalam menerjemahkan idiom-idiom yang telah ditemukan. Ketiga, peneliti menyebutkan idiom mana saja yang diterjemahkan kedalam bentuk idiom di bahasa Indonesia.
Penelitian ini, menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah; untuk teori macam-macam idiom, peneliti menggunakan teori Seidl and McMordie (1980), untuk strategi penerjemahan, peneliti menggunakan teori Baker (2011), kemudian untuk membuktikan bahwa penerjemah menerjemahkan idiom dalam bahasa Inggris kedalam bahasa Indonesia dalam bentuk yang sama, peneliti menggunakan beberapa kamus idiom dalam kedua bahasa tersebut.
Hasil analisis data yang diperoleh, (1) idiom bahasa Inggris didalam kedua film tersebut, didominasi oleh idiom dalam bentuk kata kerja dengan preposisi (verb with preposition) dengan jumlah 110 idiom, (2) seringnya penerjemah menggunakan strategi paraphrase dalam menerjemahkan idiom-idiom yang ada di kedua film tersebut dengan jumlah 131 expression, (3) penerjemah menerjemahkan lima idiom dalam bahasa Inggris yang diterjemahkan kedalam bentuk idiom dalam bahasa Indonesia. Para penerjemah lebih sering menggunakan strategi paraphrase untuk menerjemahkan idiom, karena mereka hanya menerjemahkan secara harfiah saja tanpa harus mencari idiom yang sepadan di bahasa target.


Computer analysis was applied to single data Landsat MSS imagery of a coastal area near Seoul, Korea equivalent to a 1:50,000 topographic map, and featuring large dynamic sediment transport processes. Supervised image processing yielded a test classification map containing five water depth/sediment classes, two shoreline/tidal classes and five coastal land cover classes at a scale of 1:25,000 and with a training set accuracy of 76%; the training sets were selected by direct examination of the digitally displayed imagery. The unsupervised ISOCLAS (Senkus, 1976) clustering analysis was performed to assess the relative value of this approach to image classification in areas of sparse or nonexistent ground control. Results indicate that it is feasible to produce quantitative maps for detailed study of dynamic coastal processes given a Landsat image data base at sufficiently frequent time intervals.


nued with 0.125 mg/mL nicomorphine until the morning after operation. At that time, a large hemorrhagic blister was noted on both heels; these were confirmed by a dermatologist to be pressure sores. The sores healed with conservative therapy. Patient 2: This 30-year-old woman was to undergo a ureterocolostomy and epidural anesthesia was started with bupivacaine 0.5 per cent 18 mL in 1:200,000 epinephrine. This patient also wore long cotton stockings on both feet, and lay in the supine position on a thick flannel undersheet. Another


The Atlantic hurricane season brings devastation to Small Island Developing States (SIDS) each year. SIDS, as designated by the United Nations, are developing countries with specific vulnerabilities due to their small size and susceptibility to environmental disasters [1]. These disasters have led to episodic food insecurity and disruption of agricultural livelihoods. In order to address this problem, a 3-Cavaliers research group at the University of Virginia partnered with Babylon Micro-Farms (BMF), a company in Charlottesville, VA, to develop a hydroponic crop cultivation (HCC) system for use in the Caribbean as a test case for SIDS. Hydroponics refers to the cultivation of plants through a nutrient rich solution without the need for soil. The research team worked with previous Capstone teams to develop and test a low-cost HCC system in the island of Dominica after Hurricane Maria. The current Capstone project aims to enhance this design by strengthening its resilience to storms and hurricanes. The resulting hydroponics system design for SIDS has four main parts: the plant growth unit, the nutrient water system, the solar power unit, and the structure. The plant growth unit is made up of PVC pipes that are on a top base and covered by an agricultural fabric to protect from insects. This base is angled to initiate the gravitational flow of the nutrient enriched water that is pumped in by the system. The solar power unit provides power to the system of pumps that move the water and nutrients throughout the system. The plant growth unit is supported by a collapsible wooden frame to reduce wind loading on the structure. Once the structure is collapsed, a durable plastic cover can be pulled over the unit to further protect the plants from wind. Both the plant growth unit and the base of the structure are designed to be easily transportable so users can safely store the unit inside during intense storms.Ultimately, we will create blueprints of the structure and design plans for a prototype that will be used and monitored in Abaco, Bahamas. We will also deliver a conditional recommendation on which crops to grow with respect to five specific criteria: harvest period, yield, seed price, market price, and nutritional value. This will allow the farmer to determine his particular crop species based on his own unique goals for hydroponic farming.


Risk disclosure has received considerable interest and attention in recent times.
The aim of this research is to examine risk information disclosure in annual reports
with the aim of establishing trends. Further, this research empirically examines the
influence of four firm factors on the level of risk disclosure in the annual reports.
These factors are firm size, leverage, industry and US-dual listing. In addition, the
research examines the association between risk disclosure and the company's cost
of equity capital (and information asymmetry) after controlling for firm size and
market beta.
The annual reports of a sample comprising 52 UK non-financial companies, drawn
from the FTSE-100 index, for three different periods (1998,2001, and 2004) were
sought, collected, and analysed. Content analysis was applied and risk disclosure in
the annual report was measured according to the number of sentences disclosed
and trends were analysed over the six-year period. Risk disclosure sentences were
classified according to four main quality dimensions: type of risk, the nature of the
evidence, the type of news disclosed, and news time-frame. A four-stage dividend
growth model was used to measure the company's cost of equity capital. Bid-ask
spread and stock volatility were also used as proxies for information asymmetry.
Only when investors perceive that the information is relevant, risk information
disclosed in the annual report can lead to a reduction in the cost of equity capital.
The study found, in aggregate, a trend of increasing amounts of risk disclosure in
the annual report. Risk disclosure was found primarily qualitative; good and
neutral; and non-time. There is minimal disclosure of quantified risk information
and bad news information. These results suggest that accounting rules and
regulations, in addition to recommendations from accounting institutions, have
influenced the increase in the level of risk information disclosed, though without
ensuring the quality of the disclosed risk information. US-dual listing and industry
are found to be significantly related to risk disclosure, but firm size and leverage
are found to have insignificant association with the level of risk disclosure. These
findings suggest that the extent of annual report risk disclosure is driven more by
regulation than by the market.
The findings reveal that for the largest UK companies with high analyst following,
no relation was found between risk disclosure level and cost of equity capital.
However, the study found that both quantitative and bad news risk information are
significantly and negatively related to stock volatility. Moreover, a significant and
negative association was found between bad news risk disclosure and bid-ask
spread. This suggests that firms with greater bad news and quantitative disclosure
enjoy a reduction in information asymmetry as measured by proxies for
information asymmetry. Overall, the analysis suggests that UK companies make
substantial risk disclosure but the usefulness of this disclosure is limited.


Novel tetrasubstituted metal-free phthalocyanines were synthesized by the cyclotetramerization reaction of the phthalonitrile derivatives. The new compound were characterized by a combination of IR, H NMR, C NMR, UV Vis, Elemental analysis and MS spectra data. The complexation properties of the new metal-free phthalocyanines towards lanthanides cations have been investigated in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by means of UV spectrophotometry absorption and conductivity. The stoichiometries of complexes formed are ML or M2L in some cases. Therefore, the stability profile of mononuclear complexes 11-12 formed illustrates a little selectivity of PcH2 11 towards Y and of PcH2 12 towards Gd.


This experiment investigates the combustion and emissions characteristics of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine using various blends of pure diesel fuel and palm biodiesel. Fuel injection pressures of 45 and 65 MPa were investigated under engine loads of 50 and 100 Nm. The fuels studied herein were pure diesel fuel 100 vol.% with 0 vol.% of palm biodiesel (PBD0), pure diesel fuel 80 vol.% blended with 20 vol.% of palm biodiesel (PBD20), and pure diesel fuel 50 vol.% blended with 50 vol.% of palm biodiesel (PBD50). As the fuel injection pressure increased from 45 to 65 MPa under all engine loads, the combustion pressure and heat release rate also increased. The indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) increased with an increase of the fuel injection pressure. In addition, for 50 Nm of the engine load, an increase to the fuel injection pressure resulted in a reduction of the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by an average of 2.43%. In comparison, for an engine load of 100 Nm, an increase in the fuel injection pressure decreased BSFC by an average of 0.8%. Hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) decreased as fuel pressure increased, independent of the engine load. Increasing fuel injection pressure for 50 Nm engine load using PBD0, PBD20 and PBD50 decreased carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. When the fuel injection pressure was increased from 45 MPa to 65 MPa, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions were increased for both engine loads. For a given fuel injection pressure, NOx emissions increased slightly as the biodiesel content in the fuel blend increased.


Land eco-economical system is a kind of complicated system.Its base material,working way and acting target respectively has the characteristics of ecosystem,human being technology system,and social-economic system.The pressure of land eco-economical system originates from the existence and development of human beings,the state of which can be described from three aspects: the structure of quantity,the structure of quality and the structure of space.The response of land eco-economical system can be represented in the field of natural-ecology and social-economy.Therefore,this paper builds an model of land eco-economical regionalization based on base(B)-pressure(P)-state(S)-response(R),and makes use of the index system and method of system clustering to carry out land eco-economical regionalization in a city of Hubei Province.The result accords with the local reality.


In a review of our experience with the extraction of foreign bodies using the fiberendoscope in 57 patients who ingested true foreign bodies and had food bolus impaction, we found 17 of the foreign bodies to be big metallic wires. The extraction technique used and the complications as a result of the object or the technique are given herein.


The paper illustrates the school-based implementation mode featured with the combination of basic course,limited selected course and free selected course in the credit system and analyses the mode components,basis and implementation plan.


Objective By comparing the observed cobalt-chromium alloy and titanium abutment abutment supported all-ceramic crowns with three kinds of composite resin bonding between the interface stress distribution to the difference between cobalt-chromium alloy to observe the characteristics of base stations.Methods Mandibular first molar implants local structure of three-dimensional finite element model to simulate the maximum bite force at the crown teeth occlusal surface horizontal and vertical force loading.Results Cobalt-chromium alloy on bonding interface of base stations was less than the stress of titanium abutment interface and a more uniform stress distribution in the region wide,cobalt-chromium alloy with titanium bonding interface of base stations as base stations,the horizontal loading force much larger than the maximum vertical load and,stress concentration,mainly in the neck and base stations and the crown implant junction.Cobalt-chromium alloy on bonding interface of base stations,the maximum stress concentration than the titanium abutment interface was smalland wide distribution. Conclusion Cobalt-chromium alloy bond stress distribution of base stations is better than titanium abutment interface.Cobalt-chromium alloy on bonding interface of base stations is relatively more resistant titanium abutment fracture.Cobalt-chromium alloy on bonding interface of base stations,base station interface with titanium as similar to the stress distribution.In clinical applications,cobalt-chromium alloy is a titanium abutment of base stations a useful complement.


Objective To explore the best treatment strategy of pyogenic brain abscesses.Methods Clinical data of 45 patients(34 males and 11 females,ages ranged from 7 to 76 years,averaged 42.6 years) with brain abscess treated from January 1999 to March 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 45 patients,there were 40 with single brain abscess and 5 with multiple brain abscess;43 with unilocular abscess and 2 with multilocular abscess.19 patients accepted the conservative treatment with the third generation cephalosporin,16 were treated with stereotactic puncture of abscess,8 treated with stereotactic puncture and drainage,and microsurgical excision was performed in 5 patients.Results Of the 19 patients treated with conservative method,16 were cured,no recurrence was found during the follow-up period(from 6 months to 5 years) in 13 patients,and another 3 were deteriorated and accepted stereotactic operation.All the stereotactic operations were carried successfully out in 24 patients(including 3 cases after expectant treatment failure) and only one patient needed another stereotactic aspiration two weeks later because of abscess recurrence after the initial operation.Epileptic seizure was found in one patient at the end of stereotactic procedure.Total removal of brain abscess was performed by microsurgical craniotomy in 5 patients.At the time of discharge,clinical symptoms disappeared or were improved remarkably,and CT or MRI re-examination disclosed the disappearance or obviously diminution of abscess in all patients.No abscess recurred during the follow-up period(from 4 months to 3 years,average 14 months) in 22 patients.Conclusion A set of treatment strategy of pyogenic brain abscesses has been proposed and stereotactic operation seems to be the most appropriate surgical choice.


This paper presents a study of the enhancement of team-based problem solving skills among engineering students whoundergo Cooperative Problem-Based Learning (CPBL) in an engineering course. The design of the CPBL framework aimsto promote team-based learning and enhance problem solving skills. The CPBL cycle and engineering problem solvingcycle entail four stages of development: build, bridge, extend, and apply. The study examines this transformation oflearning maturity, from novice to expert, using quantitative methodology. Based on pre and post-tests, utilizingquantitative instruments, which are the Engineering Problem Solving Instrument and Team-Working EffectivenessScore, the results show that students significantly enhanced their team-based problem solving skills.


1. Abstract This study aimed at derivation of a new formula to calculate the mean values of the heat transfer coefficients of phase change fluid flow. The fluid flow considered encountered convection heat flux inside rigid tubes filled with porous media. Analytical method was used to obtain the following form: An analytical method using the exponent method of non dimentional analysis, (Crow, et al, 2001) was used to reach a general form of a relation combining heat transfer with Brinkman number and Weber number. Two different correlations were formulated, one for the evaporation process and the other for the condensation process. Different constants of equation 10 will produce the different forms. The values of the constants depend on the fluid under experimentation. As a case study, carbon dioxide was used. The formulae obtained can be used to calculate the mean heat transfer coefficients, ( corr ) and heat flux. Heat flux is the catalyst for phase change. Enhancement in heat transfer by increasing heat flux was due to the existence of porous media inside the tube. Better heat exchanger design as well as better condensers and evaporators will result, due to this arrangement, in porous media inside rigid tubes. Keywords: Porous Media, Heat Transfer, Two Phase Flow, Change of Phase, Refrigeration, Carbon Dioxide.


Carbon material shows relatively high strength at high temperature in vacuum atmosphere and can be easily removed as CO or gas in oxidation atmosphere. Using these characteristics, we have investigated the applicability of carbon mold for precision casting of high melting point metal such as nickel. Disc shape carbon mold with cylindrical pores was prepared and Ni-base super alloy (CM247LC) was used as casting material. The effects of electroless Nickel plating on wettability and cast parameters such as temperature and pressure on castability were investigated. Furthermore, the proper condition for removal of carbon mold by evaporation in oxidation atmosphere was also examined. The SEM observation of the interface between carbon mold and casting materials (CM247LC), which was infiltrated at temperature up to , revealed that there was no particular product at the interface. Carbon mold was effectively eliminated by exposure in oxygen rich atmosphere at for 3 hours and oxidation of casting materials was restrained during raising and lowering the temperature by using inert gas. It means that the carbon can be applicable to precision casting as mold material.


This study conducted a meta-analysis on the effects of initiative, risk tolerance, and innovation, which are the components of entrepreneurship, on business performance. Among previous studies on the effect of entrepreneurship on corporate performance, a total of 51 theses from doctoral dissertations published in South Korea between 2000 and 2022 were selected as study subjects. Among those theses, 39 were finally selected after excluding 12 theses considered insufficient to be used as research data since they lacked stat ist ics, such as correlation coefficient. An average effect size analysis, publication error analysis, and regression analysis were conducted regarding the variables for the 39 finally selected theses. The analysis results of this study are as follows; First, as a result of analyzing the average effect size using a forest plot, all presented static results. Second, the publication error analysis resulted in no publication error since the diagram (funnel plot) was symmetrical vertically in the center. Third, the results of regression analysis on the effect of entrepreneurship on financial performance were all statistica lly significant. This study implies that academic significance has been brought since many researchers identified the relationship between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial performance through empirical studies. Entrepreneurship, derived from the research results, is a capability required from members and entrepreneurs who prepare to open a business as well as from CEOs of companies. This study intends to enable entrepreneurship to suggest a direction for companies and present the grounds for establishing government policies to enhance entrepreneurship in the future.


Objective To investigate the expression feature of the costimulatory molecules CD28/B7 on PBMC(peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in patients with CGN ,and explore their possible significance in the pathogenesis of CGN.Methods The expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD28, CD4CD28, CD8CD28, B7 on PBMC in 25 patients with CGN and 15 normal controls were examined by using immunophenotyping and flowcytometry.Results There was no statistical difference between CD3 in patients with CGN and that in the controls ( P 0.05) .The expression of CD4,CD28,CD4CD28, CD8CD28 in patients with CGN decreased significantly in comparison with the controls, meanwhile the expression of CD8,B7 increased significantly compared to that of the controls.Conclusion The dysfunction of cell immunity ,especially the abnormal expression of the costimulatory molecules CD28/B7 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CGN.


Objectives: To assess the short term financial cost of the Covid-19 pandemic on private dental practice in Sri Lanka through a web-based questionnaire survey. Methods: An online web-based, self - administered questionnaire survey was conducted among Sri Lankan dental surgeons. Pre-tested questionnaire was used with close-ended questions, and questionnaire was designed to elicit data on the financial cost on private dental practice in Sri Lanka related to COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Response rate was 25%. Male and female responses were almost equal. Most of the respondents were in the 26 to 35 years age group (37.9%). Majority of the participants were only with BDS degree (53.7%). Out of those dental surgeons whose primary occupation was private dental practice, 50% were owners of the practice. Most of the practitioners have opened the practices during latter part of the COVID outbreak but treated a low patient volume. Total volume of patients managed by the majority of the respondents was less than 25% of the routine practice. Majority had an income less than 25% of the income during normal time. Similar number of participants expects/ does not expect the clinics will be back to usual income within another 6- 8 weeks. Interestingly, 55.1% of the participants did not find any financial difficulty due to the effects of Covid- 19 pandemic. Participants' expectation of adjustment of number of patients and the income with their age category were statistically significant. The difference of their expectation for the government to help them according to the age was also statistically significant. Age of the respondents and expectation that the dental practices will be back to normal with normal number of patients and the income was statistically significant. More males have requested the banks to reschedule their loans. Conclusion: There are financial implications to the dental surgeons working in the private sector in Sri Lanka. Keywords: COVID 19; private dental practice; finance cost; dental surgeons


The ozone formation rate in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the ozone inflow from the free atmosphere have been studied experimentally. The obtained estimates are based on the data of airborne sounding carried out over a background region of Western Siberia. As a result, it is obtained that the rate of ozone inflow from the upper atmospheric layers is only 20% of the rate of photochemical formation of ozone inside ABL. The vertical profiles of ozone flows in ABL have been additionally calculated based on the k-theory with the approach proposed by Troen and Mahrt. It has been shown in the calculations that the maximum of the ozone concentration in ABL is formed due to photochemical reactions from precursor gases.


In this article the author analyzes structure and pithy contradictions in common and special competences of students of political science programs in the sphere of historical knowledge, which are provided with national third-generation standards. Also in this article the abilities of improvement of these competences are proved.


In order to evaluate software performance and find regressions, many developers use automated performance tests. However, the test results often contain a certain amount of noise that is not caused by actual performance changes in the programs. They are instead caused by external factors like operating system decisions or unexpected non-determinisms inside the programs. This makes interpreting the test results difficult since results that differ from previous results cannot easily be attributed to either genuine changes or noise. In this paper we present an analysis of a subset of the various factors that are likely to contribute to this noise using the Mozilla Firefox browser as an example. In addition we present a statistical technique for identifying outliers in Mozilla's automatic testing framework. Our results show that a significant amount of noise is caused by memory randomization and other external factors, that there is variance in Firefox internals that does not seem to be correlated with test result variance, and that our suggested statistical forecasting technique can give more reliable detection of genuine performance changes than the one currently in use by Mozilla.


A nest of the short‐headed wasp Paravespula vulgaris (L.), built in a juniper‐tree in rural surroundings near Oldenburg (North Germany) in 1986, was 52 cm long and up to 28 cm wide. The main nest entrance faced the shady side of a clump of trees on the west side until the middle of September. In the beginning of October it was moved to the east side of the nest. The nest had at least 16 combs out of which numerous ♀♀ and ♂♂ had emerged by Sept. 12, 1986. After the nest was destroyed on the night of Nov. 1, more than 200 built a second nest consisting of 3 combs by Nov. 16. The Paravespula vulgaris nest proves that aerial nests of social wasps are not restricted to the long‐headed wasps (Dolichovespula‐species).


Simple Summary In southern Chile, lamb production systems are based on the grazing of temperate swards. During late spring and early summer, grass-based swards can display herbage with suboptimal growth and quality, reducing lamb production. Plantain and chicory are alternative herbages that improve animal performance, especially in periods with a risk of water deficits. This study was carried out during late spring, to evaluate live weight gain and meat quality in lambs grazing on plantain-chicory sward or grass-based permanent sward. The results show that lambs fed with herbs (plantain-chicory) have a similar final live weight, carcass weight and meat quality to those fed with grass. Plantain and chicory swards are good form of alternative herbage for finishing lambs in late spring to maintain the performance of the animals. Abstract Under the predicted conditions of climate change, the productivity of temperate grasslands may be affected by drought stress, especially in spring and summer. In this scenario, water-deficit-tolerant species such as plantain and chicory are interesting alternatives for use in sheep production systems. In this study, we compared a mixture of plantain and chicory herbage (PCH) with a grass-based permanent sward (GBS) on the weight gain and meat quality of lambs finished on these grasslands. Fifteen weaned lambs (31.3 kg and 4 months of age) were assigned to each treatment for seven weeks in late spring and live weight gain (LWG), carcass and meat quality were evaluated. There was a tendency (p = 0.09) in final weight (40.3 ± 0.8 kg) and live weight gain (173 ± 10 g/d) to be higher in PCH compared to GBS. Carcass weight, dressing percentage and meat quality in terms of pH, color and tenderness did not differ (p > 0.05) and were considered to be of good quality. We concluded that both swards result in comparable lamb performance and good meat quality.


Notwithstanding worldwide aggregate improvements in the health of individuals and communities, (1, 2) overall progress has been marred by a multiplicity of factors. These include: the changing burden and complexity of disease profiles; the social, political, economic and environmental drivers of ill-health, unacceptable health inequalities between and within countries, and inadequate or poorly performing health systems (1, 3). Common shortcomings of contemporary health systems include fragmented, inappropriate, misdirected or poor quality care which mitigate against a comprehensive and balanced response to population health needs (1). All these challenges are more acute in sub-Saharan Africa, which faces additional problems of financial and human resource constraints and low investment in health research (3, 4). (Published: 24 January 2013) Citation: Glob Health Action 2013, 6 : 20241 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.20241


The descriptive study was designed to determine the unit cost in Nakornping hospital, Chaing Mai Province in fiscal year 2009 from the provider's perspective. The hospital operations were classified into four categories : non-revenue producing cost center (NRPCC), revenue-producing cost center (RPCC), patient service (PS) and non patient service (NPS). The total direct cost of each cost center was determined by combining labor cost, material cost and capital cost. After that, the direct costs of NRPCC and RPCC were allocated to PS and NPS as indirect costs by using the simultaneous equation method. Then the full cost of each PS was calculated from direct cost plus indirect costs. Dividing the final full cost of each cost center by its output provides the unit cost. The results show that the total cost of the hospital in the fiscal year 2009 was 1,055,522,260.98 baht, with the proportion of labor cost :material cost:capital cost, 45.35:50.02:4.63 Labor cost was 478,679,163.74 baht, mainly are salaries and wages (60.09%), over time compensation (20.9%). Material cost was 527,933,787.57 baht, mainly were drug costs (63.7%) and medical supplies (22.8%). Capital cost was 48,909,309.67 baht, mainly was asset depreciation (81%). The unit cost of the whole out-patient service was 1,021.26 per visit, while the unit costs of the outpatient clinic, dental clinic and Emergency room service were 847.70, 689.40 and 2,612.15 baht per visit respectively. The unit cost of in-patient service was 11,327.19 bath per case, 3,172.77 baht per day and 9,267.91 baht per relative weight (RW). Hospital should set up an effective information system for collecting an essential database on hospital accounting, resources consumption, workload of hospital service, and other important data. The system should be able to assess the financial situation, hospital costing and hospital performance and unit cost should be available at all stages and should be viewed as an exercise in improving the confidence of estimations. Training for the staff in all agencies involved on cost analysis and cost per unit are necessary. Working groups to carry out the analysis of cost-sharing may be appointed within each unit and the results of the consideration further applied to reduce unnecessary costs in their units. Key words: unit cost, cost analysis, Nakornping Hospital


A millisecond pulsar having an ellipticity, which is an asymmetric mass distribution around its spin-axis, could emit continuous gravitational waves, which have not been detected so far. An indirect way to infer such waves is to estimate the contribution of the waves to the spin-down rate of the pulsar. The transitional pulsar PSR J1023+0038 is ideal and unique for this purpose because this is the only millisecond pulsar for which the spin-down rate has been measured in both accreting and non-accreting states. Here, we infer, from our formalism based on the complete torque budget equations and the pulsar magnetospheric origin of observed γ-rays in the two states, that PSR J1023+0038 should emit gravitational waves due to a permanent ellipticity of the pulsar. The formalism also explains some other main observational aspects of this source in a self-consistent way. As an example, our formalism naturally infers the accretion disc penetration into the pulsar magnetosphere, and explains the observed X-ray pulsations in the accreting state using the standard and well-accepted scenario. This, in turn, infers the larger pulsar spin-down power in the accreting state, which, in our formalism, explains the observed larger γ-ray emission in this state. Exploring wide ranges of parameter values of PSR J1023+0038, and not assuming an additional source of stellar ellipticity in the accreting state, we find the misaligned mass quadrupole moment of the pulsar in the range of (0.92–1.88) × 1036 g cm2, implying an ellipticity range of (0.48–0.93) × 10−9.


In this paper, the sociolinguistics influences of a society on theory and practice of translation will be discussed, taking in consideration the foreign language teaching process. We take the theoretical assumptions of translation studies, linguistic variation and teaching proposed by Labov (1972, 1978 and 2003), Mayoral (1998), Guy Cook (1997) O'Malley and Chamot (1990) and M.Sneell-Hornby (1988, 1995).


The use of an unmodified conventional ventilator for an anaesthesia circuit is described, whereby the dilution of the anaesthetic gas by the driving gas is avoided due to the connecting deadspace. The method was investigated in model measurements, standard ventilator settings for normoventilation are suggested, and first clinical results are reported.


Mr. Gerken provides readers with an overview of the rules and practice related
to the nonpublication of judicial decisions. Using a question-and-answer format,
he offers a convenient reference source for librarians to consult when
responding to patron inquiries about unpublished opinions. A selective annotated
bibliography of articles on the subject is included.


In this paper we investigate the effect of the coupling of counterpropagating waves, caused by radiation scattering, on the characteristics of a Zeeman laser gyroscope. We present methods for measurement of this effect in a laser gyroscope when it operates with a frequency biasing. The proposed complex methods for measuring this quantity are based on the amplitude modulation of one of the waves and the phase restoration of the beat signal. The obtained values of the waves coupling magnitude were used to control piezoelectric actuators that regulate the gyroscope cavity length in order to minimize the coupling of the counterpropagating waves. The magnitude of the coupling decreased by a factor of 2–5 times. The laser gyroscope parameters were measured when it operated with the control system of the counterpropagating waves coupling.


s all speakers would be touching upon important implications for the design of novel influenza vaccines. Designing a universal vaccine: Are Bor T-cells important? Even though the speakers did not focus on the design of novel influenza vaccines, it soon became apparent that all were interested in the defining the immunological correlates of cross-protective immunity. The factors that can actually confer cross-protective immunity were elaborately discussed, and the obvious next step would be taking this knowledge to the drawing board to design a universal influenza vaccine. The session was divided in two camps: those adhering to the importance of cross-reactive T cells and those who firmly believe in the importance of crossreactive antibodies. Stalk-specific antibodies: less potent but more broad Presentations discussing the importance of crossreactive antibodies boiled down to the same conclusion: due to antigenic drift usually only HA stalk-specific antibodies can be broadly reactive, in contrast to conventional HA globular headspecific antibodies that are highly strain specific. Apparently, these stalk-specific antibodies have a major disadvantage: they appear to be less potent in neutralizing virus than globular headspecific antibodies. Matthew Miller elegantly demonstrated that when tested in a polyclonal background, the neutralizing potency of HA-stalk binding antibodies was markedly increased relative to that of antibodies that bind to the HA-head domain. Taking it one step further and looking at antibody isotypes, Miller showed that IgA was capable of neutralizing virus with superior potency relative to IgG. Since Florian Krammer showed that stalk-specific cross-reactive antibodies are induced by natural influenza virus infection in animal models, it will be interesting in the future to further characterize the breadth of the response and the level of cross-protection in humans remains to be determined. Cross-reactive T cells can protect from severe disease. Focusing on the other arm of the adaptive immune system, natural infection with influenza virus leads to the production of influenza-specific T cells. Importantly, vaccination with an inactivated vaccine generally does not lead to the induction of an adequate CD8+ T cell response. In animal models it has been extensively shown that CD8+ T cells can confer heterosubtypic immunity, but evidence in humans is still largely lacking. Caroline van de Sandt showed that in blood from healthy donors, influenza B specific T-cells could be expanded and were capable of recognizing an influenza B virus from a completely different lineage. That cross-reactive T cells also have a protective effect was shown by Saranya Sridhar, taking advantage of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. In an experiment of nature he used blood samples from 300 donors during the first wave of the pandemic, of which 180 were still negative for HI and VN antibodies against pH1N1, meaning that they had not yet been infected with the pandemic virus. He looked for cross-reactive T cells recognizing pH1N1 virus within these donors, and showed that the presence of these T cells correlated with less severe disease when these donors were naturally infected with pH1N1 virus. This shows that both B cells and T cells can contribute to cross-protection against severe disease caused by antigenically different strains.. ■ During the session "Viral Structure and Replication" novel insights into the influenza virus particle were given. Besides the identification of a new functional site in the PB2 subunit and the crucial role of influenza RNA packaging signals during genetic reassortment, role of HA and M2 protein modification in assembly of influenza virus particles and fascinating new data about the virion architecture were


theology's task as being "to safeguard the collective experience against false interpretations" (p. 218), or is advocating a more liberal agenda in arguing that, since "all understanding is interpretation, and all interpretation is linguistically mediated" (p. 208), we cannot escape the endless play of dialogue, in which "theologians are released from the pressure of getting it 'right'" (p. 228). The belated introduction of a fourfold taxonomy of theological language "dogmatic", "narrative", "praise", and "promise" (pp. 218-21) further muddies the waters of Jensen's conclusions. Taking issue with these or other particular aspects of this survey ought not diminish the overall achievement it represents. Jensen's work successfully opens up a hugely diverse range of material, gathering an impressive array of primary and secondary sources in the process, and his avoidance of unduly technical language is welcome in view of the jargon that can so easily bedevil hermeneutical discourse. As a result, Theological Hermeneutics is an eminently readable and user-friendly text for students and teachers alike, which will promote lively discussion and further research.


This work focuses on automating the task of estimating Polar ice thickness from airborne radar data acquired over Greenland and Antarctica. This process involves the identification and accurate selection of the ice sheet's surface location and interface between the ice sheet and the underlying bedrock for each measurement. Identifying the surface and bedrock locations in the radar imagery enables the computation of ice sheet thickness, which is important for the study of ice sheets, their volume, and how they may contribute to global climate change. The time-consuming manual approach requires sparse hand-selection of surface and bedrock interfaces by several human experts, and interpolating between the selections to save time.


Sixty F. culmorum strains were isolated from wheat grains collected from different wheat-growing areas in France and from different cultivars. The isolates were grown on autoclaved wheat grain to assess their ability to produce trichothecenes and zearalenone. Fungal biomass was evaluated through the ergosterol grain content. All the isolates produced zearalenone (0.39-1660mg kg-1). Thirty-five of the 60 F. culmorum produced nivalenol (0.11-11.7mg kg -1), 12 of 60 produced fusarenone X (0.05-8.42mg kg -1), five of 60 produced 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (0.48- 27.7mg kg -1), 13 of 60 produced 3-acetyldeoxyni-valenol (0.07-21.0mg kg -1) and 24 of 60 produced deoxynivalenol (0.92-51.9mg kg -1). According to the results, the distribution of the different chemotypes as well as the high and the low mycotoxin-producing Fusarium strains could not be associated to geographical origin.


Flood is occurring more frequently in Kuching nowadays due to the impact of climate change and rapid urbanization. The only discharge outlet for Sarawak River Basin currently is at Kuching Barrage and Shiplock. Sarawak State Government had decided to build Matang Bypass Channel from Sarawak River's "Oxbow" to Batang Salak River for mitigating the flooding issues within Sarawak River Basin. Matang Bypass Channel had a bottom width of 250 m, 500 m reserve width and 8 Km in length. Flow behaviour with two discharge outlets during low tides are unknown yet. Therefore, this research is carried out to study Sarawak River flow behaviour after construction of Matang Bypass Channel using InfoWorks River Simulation (RS). Rainfall data used is January 2018. Four scenarios investigated are 1) Open two gates at Matang Bypass Channel opens and all gates at Kuching Barrage, 2) Open all gates at Matang Bypass Channel and Kuching Barrage, 3) Open gates at Matang Bypass Channel, but close all gates at Kuching Barrage, 4) Close all gates at Matang Bypass Channel, but open all gates at Kuching Barrage. Results revealed that when water gates are opened, sea water has the potential to backflow into Sarawak River basin through Kuching Barrage since sea level at Kuching Barrage discharge outlet is always 0.5 m higher than Matang Bypass Channel discharge outlet. When the gates at Matang Bypass Channel are fully opened and Kuching Barrage are closed, Kuching Barrage will retain the excess water and the river water will only be discharged into ocean through Matang Bypass Channel. In contrast, as the gates at Matang Bypass Channel are closed and at Kuching Barrage are fully opened, Matang Bypass Channel will store the excess water and river water will be discharged through Kuching Barrage alone.


This study aims to analyse Korean equative tautology. The interpretation of tautology has been discussed through two approaches. One is the Gricean's perspective, which analyses tautology as a conversational implicature (radical pragmaticist's position). Wierzbicka's radical semantic position, which states that tautology is dependent upon certain language-specific syntactic constructions (radical semanticist's position). This study applies Wierzbicka's view and methodology to Korean tautologies. Because Wierzbicka's semantic representation with Natural Semantic Metalanguage offers an efficient method to specify the meaning of Korean tautology. As a result, Korean nominal tautologies can describe the following: 1) recognition and negation of generalization; 2) resignation of human nature; 3) acceptance of reality; 4) recognition of irreducible difference; 5) recognition of indifference; 6) limitations of objects; 7) irreversible state of affairs; and 8) emphasis. Scrutinizing Korean tautology, this paper explicates the language- and culture-specific of Korean and hopefully can contribute in the understanding and education of Korean as a foreign language.


Effects of presence of phosphorus on the hydrogen desorption kinetics from SiH4/Si (100) surface has been investigated by H2-temperature-programmed-desorption (TPD) measurements. The β1-TPD peak shifted toward higher temperatures by about 10 °C when phosphorus was predeposited to θP=0.25 ML, and the shift increased with decreasing SiH4 exposure. Two analyses, the Arrhenius plot and the order plot, have been applied to the TPD spectra, clarifying that the 0.25 ML phosphorus on clean Si (100) surface suppresses the hydrogen desorption by increasing both the activation energy from 2.0±0.2 to 2.5±0.1 eV and the reaction order from 1.0±0.2 to 2.0±0.2.


Prior research has demonstrated that linguistic skills and knowledge contribute to successful reading acquisition. In contrast, little is known about the influence of domain-general learning abilities on reading. To investigate associations between general memory functions and reading during the early stages of learning to read, performance measures of word-level reading and of declarative and procedural learning were obtained in a cohort of 140 children, annually during their first 4 years of school. We hypothesized that differences in learning task performance would relate to reading ability in the early years, when children are first learning to read. We employed a series of linear mixed effects models to test the relationships between learning abilities and reading across time. Declarative learning performance predicted reading ability in first grade, while procedural learning performance predicted reading ability in second grade. Our findings suggest that reading acquisition may depend in part on general capacities for learning. Converging evidence over decades of research on reading acquisition has highlighted a variety of skills in young children that are highly predictive of later reading ability. 1Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Delaware, 2Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University 3Curry School of Education, University of Virginia 4School of Psychology, Deakin University 5Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Address correspondence to F. Sayako Earle, Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Delaware, 100 Discovery Boulevard, Newark, DE, 19713; e-mail: email@example.com and Laurie E. Cutting, Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, 110 Magnolia Circle Nashville, TN 37203; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Data presented in this article will be made available upon request. These include pre-literacy competencies such as letter recognition and production, letter-name knowledge, and letter-sound correspondences (see Ehri, 2005, for review). Previous research suggests that these competencies are highly intertwined with awareness of the sound constituents of words (Byrne & Fielding-Barnsley, 1989). This awareness is often indexed by phonological processing ability, which in itself is also a significant early indicator of reading trajectory (Liberman, Shankweiler, Fischer, & Carter, 1974; see Goswami & Bryant, 1990, for review). All of these skills reflect capacities within the linguistic domain, and thus are subject to influence by the acquisition of reading itself (Hogan, Catts, & Little, 2005; Perfetti, Beck, Bell, & Hughes, 1987). Comparatively, we know very little about how nonlinguistic domain-general mechanisms contribute to how we learn to read. Declarative and procedural memory are critical domain-general learning systems that have been associated with language skills (Hamrick, Lum, & Ullman, 2018), and are implicated in the learning of language (Ullman, 2004). The declarative memory system is associated with the hippocampus and its surrounding structures, while the procedural memory system relies on the striatum (Poldrack & Packard, 2003). These neuroanatomical differences underlie the functional distinctions between the two memory systems, broadly summarized as the rapid learning of arbitrary items and their associations (declarative memory), and the incremental automatization of skills and habits (procedural memory). In language, the learning of vocabulary and grammatical rules has been proposed to be differentially supported according to the functional distinctions between declarative and procedural memory (Ullman, 2004). Importantly, these differential roles also appear to be well-suited for acquiring the different knowledge and skills involved in learning how to read. While there is no shortage of unique proposals regarding the developmental trajectory of literacy and its supporting skills (see Berninger, 1995, for © 2020 International Mind, Brain, and Education Society and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 1 Memory Substrates of Reading review), there exists a general consensus that learning to read occurs in overlapping and continuous stages. The first step in learning to read involves the establishment of associations between letters, sounds, pronunciations, and word meanings (Marsh, Friedman, Welch, & Desberg, 1981), which together can be referred to as orthographic mapping (Ehri, 2005). These mappings must also become increasingly automatized through repetition, facilitated by frequently occurring words and letter strings (Reitsma, 1983). This increased efficiency seems to allow the reallocation of cognitive resources, such as attention and working memory, to the higher-order task of reading comprehension (see Logan, 1997, for review). These stages of reading—orthographic mapping and skill automatization—are consistent with the respective functional roles of the declarative and procedural learning systems. Indeed, in adults learning to read an artificial script, declarative memory has been implicated in forming arbitrary letter-sound associations, and procedural memory in automatization during practice (Bitan & Karni, 2004). Thus, it stands to reason that these systems play similar roles in children when they are first acquiring the ability to read. Moreover, we might predict that such associations will differ across time. For example, dynamical perspectives consider the reading performance to reflect interactions between the state of knowledge by a particular individual and the contextual challenge at hand (e.g., Wijnants, Hasselman, Cox, Bosman, & Van Orden, 2012), eventually leading to a stable system. Thus, from this perspective performance on the same reading task may be differently associated with different learning capacities at the various states of knowledge throughout reading development. A similar link between the acquisition of reading and domain-general learning systems has been proposed previously, albeit indirectly, in the developmental dyslexia literature. Specifically, one hypothesis regarding the etiology of dyslexia posits that a deficit in implicit learning underlies difficulties in the automatization of decoding skills (Nicolson & Fawcett, 2011). Tests of an implicit learning deficit in dyslexia have yielded mixed results (e.g., Howard Jr, Howard, Japikse, & Eden, 2006; Lum, Ullman, & Conti-Ramsden, 2013; Roodenrys & Dunn, 2008). This inconsistency in findings is unsurprising, given the differences across studies regarding the wide range of task measures of implicit learning, the various neuroanatomical substrates involved in those tasks, and the developmental timing of when implicit learning measures were obtained relative to reading ability. Interestingly, despite this question regarding a potential implicit learning etiology in developmental dyslexia, there is little empirical evidence suggesting that one or more types of implicit learning support learning how to read. Thus, even in cases wherein individuals with dyslexia are observed with implicit learning difficulties, it is unclear if the problems with reading can be attributed to that impairment. Therefore, an important goal would be to reveal the relationship between memory capacities and reading ability in general. In order to avoid the potential for various interpretations surrounding the functional distinction in memory as being either "implicit" or "explicit," here we focus on declarative and procedural memory. Procedural memory that relies on the striatum appears to be compromised in dyslexia (Lum et al., 2013), and therefore this type of implicit learning may be relevant in learning how to read. In this study, longitudinal measures of reading performance, and task-based measures of learning in the declarative and procedural memory systems, respectively, were obtained from school-age children over their first 4 years of school. Given the primary emphasis on word reading, or "learning to read" (Chall, 1983) in early grades, we focused on word-level reading skills. We assessed declarative memory via a recognition memory task (Hedenius, Ullman, Alm, Jennische, & Persson, 2013), and procedural memory via a serial reaction time (SRT) task (Nissen & Bullemer, 1987). These two task paradigms were carefully selected on the basis of independent evidence linking each task to neural substrates consistent with recruitment of declarative and procedural memory, respectively (see Methods). Therefore, while we acknowledge that no single task can capture the full range of functions of a particular learning and memory system, performance on these tasks likely reflects at least certain key functions of these systems. We hypothesized that declarative and procedural memory may be more relevant for reading during early stages of literacy, when orthographic mapping and skill automatization appear to be taking place.


【Recently, many researches have been done to examine the behavior of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) subjected to the static loading. However, a few studies have been devoted to cyclic behaviors of FRC. A main objective of this paper is to investigate the cyclic behavior of FRC through theoretical method. A new cyclic bridging model was proposed for the analysis of fiber reinforced cementitious composites under cyclic loading. In the model, non-uniform degradation of interfacial bonding under cyclic tension was considered. Fatigue test results for FRC were numerically simulated using proposed models and the proposed model is achieving better agreement than the previous model. Consequently, the model can establish a basis for analyzing cyclic behavior of fiber reinforced composites.】


The hazard pointer method [4] for safe reclamation is capable of protecting individual dynamic objects, including individual nodes of linked structures. However, on its own, it does not protect the descendants of protected nodes for unconditional traversal. We present a new algorithm that extends the hazard pointer algorithm to support unconditional traversal though immutable links of acyclic structures. It has an important added advantage of allowing the reclamation of nodes at any depth with their ancestors in the same pass over hazard pointers. Achieving these advantages does not incur any extra computing cost in protection operations, which are the common case. A counter is added to each object for holding the number of inbound immutable links. Such counters are updated when setting and clearing immutable links, which can happen at most once per link in the lifetime of an object. The algorithm is implemented and used in the Facebook Folly open-source C++ library [1].


Swinbank's observations at Kerang (February 1962) are used to estimate the variation with the stability parameter ζ(≡ z/L) of the Monin-Obukhov universal function φM (≡ u,∗−1kz δu/δz).

A plot of Ri against ζ is used to derive the approximate variation of α (≡ φM/φH = KH/KM) with ζ.


Introduction: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a systemic condition with eye manifestations. Ocular manifestations of PXS include iris depigmentation, phacodonesis or lens subluxation caused by zonular dehiscence. Loss of lens zonular support makes intraocular surgeries challenging with the potential for vitreous loss, lens subluxation or even lens dislocation. Current study was done to study the eyes with pseudoexfoliation, its association with cataract and its implications in cataract surgery. Material and Methods: A hospital based prospective study was conducted in 290 eyes (with PXF) of 170 patients attending ophthalmology OPD over a period of 3 years. Cataract surgery was performed for 156 eyes. Results: In the study, 54% (156 eyes) had cataract in association with PXF, out of which 62% (97eyes) were nuclear cataract. Complications associated with cataract surgery included vitreous loss, posterior capsular rent, zonular dialysis. Conclusion: PXS presents challenges that need careful preoperative planning and intraoperative care to ensure safe surgery and a successful post-operative outcome.


Structural materials for fusion applications are exposed to multiple loadings. Apart from mechanical forces and high temperatures, there is a strong neutron exposition which leads to a significant change of mechanical properties. This radiation damage is examined by irradiation and by post-irradiation experiments. Those experiments are limited in space and highly expensive per tested volume. Here, the instrumented indentation o ffers valuable information, as for instance an already tested charpy impact specimen or small volumes and coatings might be subjected to multiple indentation tests. A modified commercial indentation device is installed in a hot cell of a Fusion Materials Laboratory. In combination with a neural network based analysis method, it allows identifying the material parameters of a unified viscoplasticity model with nonlinear isotropic and kinematic hardening from small specimens. Thus, the Young's modulus, the true stressstrain curve, and the viscous properties responsible for creep /relaxation at room temperature can be obtained. Material properties are obtained as well by instrumented indentation as by conventional tensile experiments, and it is shown that results from both methods are in good accordance. Material properties for ferritic-martensitic steels like EUROFER 97 are presented in unirradiated condition and after irradiation up to 2.4 and 15 dpa at temperatures between 250 and 450 ◦C. The examined materials exhibit clear embrittlement and hardening after irradiation, which is dependent on the irradiation dose and on the irradiation temperature. There are strong changes in yield strength and in ultimate tensile strength. They can be determined by both methods, tensile and indentation test, in good accordance. In addition, the indentation test as a non-destructive test o ffers the possibility to test the same specimen before and after applying post-irradiation annealing treatments.


The invention relates to a nuclear reactor fuel element comprising a cladding and a nuclear fuel material such as fissile isotopes of uranium, plutonium, thorium and mixtures thereof and generating fission products such as tellurium, the iodine, cesium, molybdenum, characterized in that it comprises an anti-corrosion material of said sheath comprising at least one alkaline earth metal may be barium or strontium or calcium or an alkaline earth metal oxide to trap molybdenum fission product.


The globalization trend is increasingly intensified with the deepening of the "One Belt and One Road" strategy, thereby new challenges are proposed for the control of multinational companies, wherein cost management is the most critical control point. The standard cost method is introduced in the cost management of overseas branches, thereby combining cost planning, control, calculation and analysis together, and improving the systematisms and scientific of cost management.


After briefly reviewing factors affecting questionnaire design with reference to Primary School children, the paper explores three methods of determining food preferences of Middle School children. The overall patterns of food preferences that emerged were similar although there were significant differences obtained for 25% of the 100 individual food items investigated. The reading ability of the pupils influenced the type of questionnaire that could be used, especially for junior schools, although other factors such as amount of paper used and analysis time were also considered. The 'recognition' of the name of menu items was investigated and most popular or unpopular items were well known. There was no overall influence on the preferences shown by the sex or the age of the child, although children who stayed at school tended to have higher preference ratios for dishes than those who never stayed to school lunch.


The concept of structural genomics arose in the mid-to-late 1990s in the USA and Japan as a response to the success of high-throughput (HTP) sequencing methods applied to whole genomes (see http://www.isgo.org). The radical reduction in the unit cost of sequencing, driven by technological advances, raised the intellectual challenge to devise similar advances in the chain of procedures linking gene to protein structure. It was proposed that analogous HTP methods might provide 3-D structures of all the proteins (the "proteome") of an organism to efficiently fill the numerous gaps in observed foldspace. This vision led to the investment of substantial sums of money into a tranche of large-scale structural genomics projects in the USA (e.g. nine projects funded by the NIH/NIGMS Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) from September 2000 to June 2005; see http:// www.nigms.nih.gov/psi/) and Japan (e.g. the massive RIKEN project; see http://www.rsgi.riken.go.jp/). These efforts were broadly characterized by the concentration of resources into a small number of large centers, the development of automated technologies to permit


Abstract : This report documents a study on the feasibility of using sub-micron size hollow plastic spheres as an energy absorbing medium in the fluid of a compressible fluid recoil mechanism for field artillery. The study identifies the properties of a polymer which theoretically will increase the compressibility of a recoil fluid.


Stress is a person's adaptive response to a stimulus that places excessive psychological or physical demands on that person. Major organizational stressors are task demands, physical demands, role demands and interpersonal demands. Life stressors include life change and life trauma. Stress has many consequences. Individual consequences can include behavioural, psychological and medical problems. On the organizational level, stress can affect performance and attitudes or cause withdrawal. The researcher has undertaken the study with a focus on the nature of stress faced by working teachers, its reasons and the outcome in general. The data was collected through random sampling method from 200 women teachers from arts and science colleges in Coimbatore district. The findings of the study showed that work place stress was due to lack of advancement and training at work place, cause of stress at home was due to financial problems and cause personal stress among the working women is they do not find enough time to spend with their family members and friends in day to day life cycle. The researcher suggest that physical exercises like mediation, regular exercise and yoga and seeking adequate support from co-workers, family, and friends can be adopted by the women to get relieved from their stress.


As Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been identified as a new paradigm which could significantly improve productivities and efficiencies in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, the methods of teaching BIM start to get attention in academia. It is important for the students to get familiar with the BIM authoring tools in order to achieve the benefits of BIM. To effectively teach the BIM authoring tools, BIM instructors are always required to spend a huge amount of time in lab sessions. However, it is hard for instructors to decide at the beginning of the classes about how much time should be assigned on mastering each function of BIM authoring tools. This study aims to quantify the modeling time of students for each modeling function in their term projects, and further identify the time distribution in the modeling process. Students' modeling progresses in term projects have been monitored for two semesters. Each student is required to report their time spent on each of the element categories of their models. The analysis of this study will provide BIM instructors a guidance to design term projects in BIM courses. Furthermore, it is expected to help arrange the time distribution of lecture and lab session for different functions of the BIM software. BIM instructors can provide more appropriate project sizes and requirements for the students to achieve in a reasonable lab time.


William Nelson, a professor at New York University Law School, argues that reformers after the Civil War, with their old antislavery morality reinforced by the new scientific method, created bureaucratic institutions to counteract majoritarian democracy with its party government. In this way they preserved individual and minority rights and a pluralistic society. Nelson conceives of bureaucracy broadly and includes among his "new institutional structures" the reformed civil service with its "increasing numbers" of "middle-level bureaucrats immediately accountable to neither the public nor even the president," the "independent regulatory commission with close ties to those it regulates," the judiciary whose growing professionalism led judges toward more "formal" opinions and away from politically trendy "instrumental" decisions, and Congress, whose evolving committee system stressed seniority and specialization and relaxed the centralizing grip of party caucuses. By 1900, Nelson believes, the new structures had fragmented federal power and had institutionalized pluralism. He assures us that late-nineteenthcentury reformers, who brought about these changes, "strove only to reshape the structure of American government in a way that would protect them from the imposition of other people's Utopian schemes and enable them to continue to 'enjoy an untroubled night's sleep' in the America they had always known. " These reformers, he lectures, were not "the quintessential men of self-interest that some historians have painted them to be" and "should be understood in the contexts of their own time and of the earlier milieu from which they emerged (particularly the antislavery movement). Viewing the rise of American bureaucracy as part of the classic constitutional struggle between majority rule and minority rights is novel and challenging, but Nelson's argument for this arresting hypothesis is flawed. Specifically, civil service reformers, whose numerous manuscript collections Nelson has not consulted, were not trying to defend themselves from the Utopian policies of others but to defend the political process and a role for themselves in it from the onslaught of the spoils system. That system, forcing civil servants to provide the organizational needs of the political parties, resulted in inefficiency and corruption in the public service, in the reliance by parties on organizations rather than on issues to carry elections, and in the elimination from politics of reformers, who preferred issues to organizations. Nelson says that reformers were trying "to transform the process of governmental decisionmaking. . . into one that compelled administrators to act in accordance with autonomous, abstract standards," but he bases this observation on a quotation that refers neither to decision-making administrators nor to autonomous, abstract standards for their decisions but to the spoils system's degrading effect on "the national character by lowering the moral tone and standard of the country." In fact, civil service reformers did not intend that the merit system apply to decision-making administrators but to government clerks, accountable to their superiors. Reformers did not wish to disturb the power to remove, reasoning that if appointments were based on merit and not controlled by politics, civil servants would be removed only for cause. While admonishing historians to place reformers in the context of their own time, Nelson views reformers and their work from his present-day perspective, which glorifies institutions that reinforce pluralism and protects them from majoritarian Utopian objectives in contemporary America.


The main purpose of my talk in this conference on Language Teacher Education is to highlight teachers" classroom projects as evidences of social transformation. Based on the work of scholars such as Dewey (1938), Freire (1970), Giroux (1992), McLaren (1989), and Pennycook (2001), I want to emphasize that critical approaches to language education require commitment to social transformation. Thus, teachers, researchers, teacher-educators and students might assume active roles and pedagogical interventions in classroom aiming at engaging participants in reflection and praxis to be able to achieve what Freire (1970, p. 69) called "transforming the world." Examples of a pedagogy of action for social transformation used by teachers in Colombian classrooms will be presented to illustrate the outcomes of teacher commitment to making a difference and to their permanent interest in professional development.


This work describes a homogeneous single layer model for surface roughness by polarized light. It has been shown that the reflectance change in non-absorbing layer is directly proportional to the refractive index of the ambient and substrate media for s polarization but inversely proportional to the p polarization and it is directly proportional to the square of the thickness of the layer for both the polarization. The thickness of the film has been written in terms of surface roughness to correlate the homogeneous model with the scattering theory. The consequence of the scattered light on the specular reflectance and transmittance for oblique incidence shows that there is reduction in reflectance and transmittance, due to roughness on the surface under the Drude effective-medium approximation.


Rubisco (Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate Caboxylase) was purified and crystallized from Glycine max and Glycine soja leaves. The results of SDS PAGE and Western blot confirmed that the crystalline proteins were Rubisco. Electrofocusing analysis of large and small subunits of Rubisco from G. max and G. soja indicated that both proteins had identical isoelectric focusing patterns consisting of three large and two small subunit polyeptides.


Based on four fundamental indicators which include production competitiveness,technology competitiveness,market competitiveness and capital competitiveness,this paper builds the index system for international competitiveness of Chinese agriculture.Through Principal Components Analysis(PCA),this paper studies the comprehensive rank of the agricultural competitiveness of 11 countries in 2011.The result shows that as for the agricultural international competitiveness,China ranked 7th among these eleven countries;China has significant advantages in the fields of scientific research spending,agricultural fixed assets,fixed assets of plant industry,land development and mechanical equipment application,etc.However,China was disadvantageous in the fields of international market competitiveness,technology competitiveness and labor productivity,etc.Therefore,this paper proposes several suggestions on how to improve agricultural labor productivity,attach importance to marketing of agricultural products and strengthen the efficiency of agricultural ST investment.


We propose a simply matrix decomposition technique, based on the concept of the measured equation of invariance (MEI), to thin the MoM matrix numerically. Although this technique can be used to solve the problem of electrostatic parameter extractions, wire antennas, and conducting scattering, we only show the results of a 2-D conducting concave object scattering under a plane wave incidence.


According to the concrete and steel stress-strain curves in Code for design of concrete structures, using mechanical method to analysis the eccentric tension members,the compressive ultimate strain for eccentric tension members was found.


Analyses of local campaign effects are dominated by aggregate-level analyses of constituency activity. Though individual-level data are available on whether voters are (or remember being) contacted by parties during campaigns, their analysis is fraught with difficulties, not least the extent to which memory of campaign contact is itself conditioned partly on party allegiance, creating a circularity in the analysis of the impact of party contact on vote choice. To some degree, this can be (and has been) dealt with in a regression framework. However, this does not fully deal with the potential difficulties. Ideally, more experimental approaches are needed to tease out definitively the effects of campaign exposure on individual"s election decisions. However, that is fraught with some difficulties. In this paper, therefore, we examine alternative estimation procedures which provide quasiexperimental estimates of campaign effects.


The author generalizes the progress of book classification on bookstore of china during 20002005 from two aspects:application of CLC to classification arrangement of bookstore and research on book classification of online bookstore.


This article aims to perform a critical analysis of four controversial decisions issued by the Brazilian Regional Court of the 5th Region, which deal with public outsourcing by cooperatives, pointing out the legality and the reasons for its use, also dealing with myths and truths, doctrine, overviews and paradoxical understandings.
The combined analysis of these elements necessarily goes through fraud in the labor relations, without evading the public interest that surrounds the matter, confronting them with the legislation, jurisprudence and precedents, thus making it possible to obtain a critical look at the topic.


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ResNet with hundreds or even thousands of layers has become the most successful image recognition model in the computer vision community. However, we do not know whether this deeper architecture has better transferability than the traditional models. In this paper, we systematically investigate the well-known ResNet features for different computer vision tasks without fine-tuning. The experimental results show that ResNet did not learn good general purpose features in image retrieval and visual object tracking tasks. GoogLeNet high-level features and VGGNet middle-level features achieve better performance for transfer learning. Therefore, it is not a good idea to choose ResNet model in other computer vision tasks without fine-tuning.


Oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a major risk factor in the development of atherosclerotic plaques, which preferentially form at vascular bifurcations subject to bidirectional recirculating disturbed shear stress (DSS).