In this study, the high-energy electron beam of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) is utilized as an external force to in situ modify the polyphenylene dendrimer (G2Td(COOH)16) templated CuO rice-shaped architecture (RSA). By virtue of the nanoscale precision of this approach, the electron beam-modified RSA retains its rice shape while the internal primary CuO nanoparticles are converted to the Cu2O nanoparticles with increased size. Detailed investigation using a time-lapse TEM technique reveals that such a modification process is mainly constituted by two stages, involving the arrangement of the primary CuO nanoparticles and the transformation of the primary CuO into Cu2O nanoparticles. Within the modification process, the high-energy electron beam of TEM serves as the external driving force and energy resource to improve the orientation and increase the crystallinity of the single-phase CuO nanoparticles and subsequently transfer the nanoparticle phase from CuO to Cu2O. This study highlights a ...


Luminescent properties of HfO2:Ti ceramics were investigated in the 16–300 K range of temperatures. A red shift of a broad emission band from about 490 nm at room temperature to 520 nm at 16 K was observed. The room temperature emission was showed to consist of two overlapping bands. The shorter wavelength band intensity was strongly reduced below about 80 K. The variation of the emission peak position correlates with the variation of decay time of the luminescence which increases by a factor of about 250, between room temperature (6 μs) and 25 K (1.7 ms). In the 25–300 K temperature range the decay traces were practically monoexponential while below 25 K two clearly different components were observed with time constants of about 300–700 μs and ∼3–4.4 ms. What is more, with decrease of temperature from 25 to 16 K the shorter decay time component dominates the longer one. Nevertheless, an average decay time calculated for emissions below 25 K was still 1.65–1.7 ms. The analysis of experimental data suggest...


M t j ~ ANY contemporary philosophers have committed a certain fallacy which, surprisingly, has not yet received a clear description. If one is provided we may be better able to avoid this mistake in the future. I shall develop a characterization of the "conditional fallacy" by illustrations drawn from the epistemological writings of Roderick Chisholm, Roderick Firth, Gilbert Harman, Keith Lehrer, Norman Malcolm, and Michael Slote. Moreover, I shall point out that this fallacy also occurs in ethical philosophy, in particular, in certain accounts of prima facie obligations, in John Rawls's definition of 'good', and in some varieties of the ideal-observer theory.


Purpose: To investigate the performance of a new algorithm designed to correct x‐ray scatter and estimate the primary intensity in mammography.Method and Materials: The algorithm is based on image convolution and implements a spatially variant scatter point spread function which is energy and thickness dependent. The scatter kernel was characterized in terms of its scattering fraction and radial extent on uniform PMMA phantoms with thicknesses of 0.8 – 8.0 cm. The algorithm operates on a pixel by pixel basis by grouping pixels of similar thicknesses into a series of mask images that are then individually deconvolved using Fourier image analysis with a distinct kernel for each image. The algorithm was tested with four experimental phantoms, three step phantoms made of PMMA and one anthropomorphic breast phantom on a full field digital mammography system at energies of 24, 28, 31, and 49 kVp. The true primary signal was measured with a multi hole collimator.Results: For all 16 studies, the average mean percentage error in estimating the true primary signal was found to be −2.13% and the average rms percentage error was 2.60%. Conclusion: The new algorithm allows improved accuracy in estimating primary image intensity. It is also expected to improve the accuracy of quantitative dual energy mammography.


&NA; Nine thousand one hundred fifteen summary reports of patient care episodes were obtained from 2,342 practicing specialists in internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and obstetrics‐gynecology. Each report described an episode of care in which directly observed or verifiable physician actions had clearly beneficial or detrimental effects on a particular patient. These reported "critical" physician actions and the patient end results attributed to these actions were inductively classified. These classifications contribute to the development of more systematic and objective criteria of effective physician performance. Certain findings in this study suggest that in specialty practice effective and ineffective physician performance may be evenly distributed; neither is more frequent in any particular age or sex grouping of patients, nor in disorders affecting any particular body systems.


ABSTRACT This article explores the nonhuman and its resistance to meaning-making in two short stories by the Scottish author Eric Linklater (1899–1974). Two bird characters, a gander and plover, destructively affect the lives of the human narrators but resist any attempts at interpretation. This resistance prompts place-holder interpretation strategies, notably symbolic readings. The article argues that although these stories invite such readings, they ultimately discourage them, by signalling unreliability in their character narrators and by the very physical presence of the birds. The resulting ambiguity encourages acceptance of the nonhuman characters' alterity, which is the stories' final ethical stance.


Objective To evaluate the safety, feasibility and efficacy of treating familial adenoma-tous polyposis (FAP) with cancerization by total colectomy and proctocolectomy under laparoscopv. Methods Perioperative data and surgical outcomes of 3 FAP patients who underwent laparoscopic total colectomy and proctocolectomy were analyzed retrospectively and compared with those of 8 patients performed conventional open surgery between Autumn 2001 and December 2002. Results All of the 3 patients were received laparoscopic total colectomy or proctocolectomy successfully without severe complications. The operative times were longer in the laparoscopic group when compared with the conventional group (243. 33 vs. 168. 75 minutes) , (P= 0.028). The mean operative blood loss, flatus and hospital stay in the laparoscopic group were 146. 66 ml, 1. 33 days and 14 days respectively without significant difference when compared with those of the conventional group. The incision length was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group (4. 33 vs. 19. 38cm) , ( P 0. 01 ). The follow-up time of the 3 patients were 25 , 15 and 10 months respectively and no local recurrence or distant metastases were found. Conclusion Laparoscopic total colectomy and proctocolectomy for FAP can be performed safely and effectively with the advantages of minimal invasion by the experienced surgeons, but further investigation is required.


>At the critical oxygen concentrations for stress corrosion cracking in the steam phase (four per cent) there is a negligible amount of oxygen in the water phase. This negligible amount at operating conditions for the experimental work approaches 2.7 ppm oxygen in the water but never reaches that value due to the conditions in the test. Therefore, actual boiler operation was duplicated in this experimentation because the oxygen in the system colleets in the steam phase. Since the oxygen is a major factor in the stress corrosion cracking, it has been carefully controllod, and a maximum allowable level for the performance of stress corrosion cracking of U-bend samples in a rocking autoclave test has been reliably determined. The stresses are shown to be in the order of 34,000 to 39,000 psi at outer circumferential points measured on the U-bend. These measurements are reproducible. (auth)


Relevance Theory guides translation effectively.It has strong explanatory power on literary translation.From the perspective of relevance theory,translation is to interpret the source language and it is a dynamic ostensive-inference process.Relevance theory pursues the convergence of the meaning to the full.Therefore,a translator should infer the implied meaning in the context and establish the optimal relevance of meaning according to the ostensive information in the text together with his own cognitive ability so as to make the source language in convergence with the target language to the highest degree.Through the comparative analysis of All Men Are Brothers by Pearl S.Buck and Outlaws of the Marsh by Sidney Shapiro,the author finds that the higher level of knowledge a translator commands,the more information he stores in his cognitive environment,the easier he will find to establish the optimal relevance in reading source texts,then the translated works will win a perfect effect and be accepted by the target readers in a pleasant way.


ALTHOUGH differentiated for conducting excitation over long distances without attenuation, the axon in fulfilling this function appears as an enormous appendage of the cell. A comparison of the ultrastructure of the axon with that of the perikaryon reveals characteristicdifferences that reflect specialization both in terms of biochemistry and function. One of the earliest indications of regional cellular differences was the apparent lack of Nissl substance in the axon in contrast to its presence in the perikaryon and dendrites (SCHAFFER, 1893). This observation was repeatedly confirmed over the years with classical methods of staining with basic dyes. Confirmation of these observations was obtained at the ultrastructural level with the study of PALAY and PALADE (1955). These investigators, and others since, failed to discern ribonucleoprotein granules (i.e., ribosomes) in the axoplasm, in contrast to its rich distribution elsewhere in the neuron. Earlier, NURNBERGER, ENGSTROM and LINSTROM (1952) also reported that RNA was lacking in the axon on the basis of ultraviolet microspectrophotometry. The apparent absence of RNA in the axon seemed compatible with the view that axonal proteins were synthesized in the soma. An indication that all proteins were not exclusively synthesized in the cell body was shown by the studies of KOENIG and KOELLE (1961) and CLOUET and WAELscH( 1961) on the restoration of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the axon following irreversible inactivation by organophosphorus compounds. The results pointed to an axonal capacity for synthesizing AChE. More recently, observations were extended to axotomized, cholinergic nerves which provided additional evidence that the axon synthesizes AChE (KOENIG, 1965). I t was postulated that the axonal synthesis of AChE was an example of a local mechanism concerned with synthesis of proteins forming integral substituents of the axolemma (i.e. plasma membrane). A question at the time of the early study was how the apparent absence of RNA in the mammalian axon could be consistent with axonal synthesis of an enzyme. A qualified answer was forthcoming when .I.-E. EDSTROM, EICHNER and A. EDSTROM (1962) demonstrated that the giant axon of the Mauthner cell in young gold fish contained RNA. An extension of the work was carried on by A. EDSTROM (1964). In addition GRAMPP and EDSTROM (1963) reported that the lobster sensory stretch receptor axon contained RNA. In both species the concentration of RNA was less than that found generally in cell bodies.


IN WOMEN the ovulatory, premenstrual, and menstrual periods are associated with increased psychiatric and somatic disturbances. Estimates of incidence have varied from 25% to 100% of women, depending on the definitions used. In unpublished data, we found that up to 90% of women claim to undergo premenstrual or menstrual hopelessness, depression, or irritability. The literature shows increased incidences of medical and surgical admission, episodes of alcoholism, depressive reactions, schizophrenic reactions, acute psychiatric hospitalizations, suicide attempts, and suicides occurring in the premenstrual-menstrual phases of the monthly cycle. 1-4 Cases of recurrent premenstrual-menstrual psychotic, neurotic, and acting-out behavior have been described. 5-8 The etiology of the cyclic upsets is poorly understood. Psychoanalytic explanations stress activation of conflicts concerning factors such as sexuality, pregnancy, and castration. 9-12 That the pathologic emotional findings are biochemically influenced is widely accepted. Speculations as to etiology are reviewed in Southam's article 13 and include: sodium and


In 2006, the Ontario Cattlemen's Association invited research proposals on cattle transportation as a result of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency's review of the current legislation for livestock transportation contained within the Health of Animals Act. We describe here a benchmark study to investigate slaughter cattle transportation conditions in Canada.


In conclusion, among the questions of the chemical structure of the kerogen of combustible shales, one of the most important is that of the presence of multiple carbon-carbon bonds in the organic matter of these combustible minerals. In spite of a series of studies that have been performed this question has long remained open because of the contradictory opinions expressed. In the present paper, in order to evaluate the quantitative content of aliphatic bonds C-C in kerogen the authors analyze the results obtained by previous researchers in the study of the ozonization and chlorination of kuckersite, figures from balance experiments on chlorination, and the results of the use of ESR spectroscopy for these purposes and certain literature information on the halogenation of kuckersite kerogen. The presence in the kerogen of the Baltic combustible shale kuckersite of from 6 to 8 aliphatic double carbon-carbon bonds per 100 C atoms has been shown by the methods of chlorination, ozonization, and ESR spectroscopy, and this agrees with the figures calculated from certain results on the bromination of kuckersite. 18 refs.


Now a days, the decision of purchasing an online product is relying on the reviews it get .This paper emphasizes an marketing a product based on its reviews .These reviews are mainly grouped into three types they are premature reviews, matured reviews and late responding reviews. However, this division is done on the basis of time span of a product as it has starting stage, central stage and finishing stage in its sale process. Comparison of these reviews is done on real time E commerce websites for example amazon and yelp. It is known that the impact of premature reviews is high on the customers when compared with matured and late responding reviews. As the product is newly available in the market and based on the reviews the scope of the project in sustaining will be decided. The product is judged as a good product/bad product by depending on its attributes like rating ,number of positive responses, Number of product sold in a specific time and so on.....The implementation of this process is done by collecting the sample datasets of reviews on e commerce websites. Index terms : premature reviewer, early review, embedding model


The extent of degradation and decay of transportation infrastructure has created new demands on maintenance management systems. This, in turn, has emphasized the need for accurate condition assessment data for use in infrastructure management. At the same time, technological advances in automated inspection systems provide the opportunity to automate the collection of surface condition data. The effect of the technology on accuracy has not been previously evaluated. This paper evaluates the data-acquisition component of two automated optical technologies and identifies the main sources of error. Simulated longitudinal and transverse cracks are used to illustrate the results. The simulations indicate that correction factors are important to compensate for errors due to resolution and coverage limitations. Therefore, on a crack-by-crack basis, most technologies will perform poorly. When cracks are uniformly distributed, equipment with high resolution but poor coverage provides more accurate estimates of cracking extent but has more variability than equipment with good coverage. Finally, the results indicate that the inherent variability in the location, width, and length of cracks may lead to significant error.


The present invention provides a rotation of the mirror means, the mirror rotating means comprising: a stationary portion; and a rotating portion, which is toward the rotation axis in the vertical direction as a center of rotation with respect to the stationary portion. The stationary portion of the rotation detecting sensor having a stator and the rotation detecting section. The rotary portion includes the stator in the radial direction of the rotor magnet and the outer side surface disposed opposite the plurality of mirror portions, respectively, radially outward toward the mirror. The balance correction portion having a mirror portion of the rotation detecting sensor detection surface facing the direction of rotation and to the detection surface of the circumferentially extending grooves or protrusions. Due to the balance correction portion, the center of gravity of the mirror portion close to the rotational axis. The rotation detecting sensor detection surface toward the light emitted at the same time, receives the rotation detecting reflected light reflected by the surface. By rotation of the rotary portion, the balance correction portion by the irradiation region of light emitted from the detection sensor.


• LibGuides as the main delivery platform for asynchronous learning at the University Library • This research started with the question "Would we better reach online learners if we incorporated videos into our LibGuides?" • Some guides have video content, but no video content currently being developed in our department • Many of these LibGuides already include static screenshots in addition to text-based content • Issues encountered in trying to answer this question: • No set way to assess learning from use of videos, unless specific studies are done • Wide range of topics covered by LibGuides, different learning outcomes for each one • Lack of time and/or resources to make videos and keep them current


The invention relates to a special method for testing the high throughput acute toxicity of an early life stage of fish, and belongs to the technical field of environment detection and assessment. According to the method, the sensibility of the fish at different life stages on toxic pollutants as well as the influence of conditions such as different quantities of test creatures, different exposed containers and the like on test results are discussed through developing a recombinant dilute solution for toxicity test, thus realizing high throughput on a larval fish acute toxicity test. The method is simple, convenient, economical, rapid and sensitive, has low requirements on experiment operation technical level, and is convenient for popularization and application.


This combined computer slide presentation and paper describes sustainable development and considers how this concept may be applied to motorways. The extent to which motorways may be sustainable compared with other highways is assessed in relation to journey time, local air quality, climate change, landscape, nature conservation, accidents, lifestyle, social equity, land take, and energy use. On the basis of the analysis provided, motorways give a positive outcome on most themes, with landscape and social equity being the only negative indicators. It is considered preferable to concentrate and fully mitigate the effects of traffic on a motorway than to disperse its effects across the A road network. Adding to existing motorway infrastructure and making best use through technology can secure benefits across the economy, community and resource sustainability themes. Getting more from a given level of resource use or environmental impact is considered a sustainable outcome provided that it does not lead to an increase in the total distance travelled. Ways of making motorways more sustainable are discussed including managing demand and its adverse impacts.


Objectives: Classification and Regression Tree (CRT) is one of nonlinear regression analyses and the tree models which are discrimination analysis (tree based model). The factors are separated by predictor variable and 2 branches are generated. CRT is a binary tree model, so it's simple and easy to understand. We examine the onset predictors of hypertension (HT) in general inhabitants using CRT. Methods: Objects were residents who received the annual medical checkup. They are total 760 people (average age 58.8+-12.3 years old: 287 men and 473 women in except a person of hypotensive agent use and HT patients). And the new HT development (SBP > = 140, DBP > = 90 or hypotensive drug taking) was registered. Results: During 4 years, 443 out of 760 people (58.3%) developed HT. The age, SBP, DBP and hs-CRP were adopted as the explanation factor by hypertension development prediction model with CRT. The sensitivity of the high blood pressure development prediction was 88 % and the specificity was 47% by this mode, CRT. On the other hand, the sensitivity and the specificity were 74% and 43%, respectively by HT development prediction with a ROC curved line of SBP. The age, SBP, BMI and TG were chosen the explanation factor of HT prediction by the logistic regression analysis. In this model, the sensitivity and specificity were 78% and specificity were 78% and 43% each. Conclusion: The CRT model was capable of predicting HT with higher sensitivity and specificity than prediction of the ROC curve and logistics regression analysis. CRT may be useful for the HT development prediction.


THE need for an objective sign or test for the existence or nonexistence of rheumatic infection of joints is of great importance. Researches to this end have been carried out during a period of several years in the First Medical Clinic, Jagellons University, Cracow, Poland. Injection of many different substances-histamine, pilocarpine, atropine, adrenaline, milk, etc.-intracutaneously, subcutaneously and intravenously, were tested by many methods but no specific reaction was identified. Search was made for " H " substances released by strictly regulated skin trauma, but no obvious specific reaction could be detected. Blood was taken from rheumatic and non-rheumatic patients before and after fixed skin trauma. At the height of Lewis's triple response blood was taken from the vein and both injected intramuscularly on the next day-Si, without H substance and Sii containing H substance. All the patients were in bed and fasting, and examinations were made for general, local, and blood reactions. It was found that rheumatic patients had a greater production of H substances than the control patients, but thyro-toxic and neurotic patients revealed also an increased production of H substances. After prolonged investigations a reaction, however, was found which proved to have a high specificity for rheumatism. This reaction depends on the special sensitivity of rheumatic patients to salicylic acid. The patients are kept in bed preferably, but ambulatory patients may be examined in the sitting position; in either case they must be fasting. A count is made of the white blood corpuscles, and after this count 1 cubic centimetre of a 0-1 per cent. aqueous solution of salicylic acid is injected intradermally, forming five blebs each of 0-2 c.cm. on the flexor aspect of the forearm, and after thirty minutes another white count is made. During this time the patient is forbidden to eat, drink, or make any effort. Nearly all rheumatic patients, acute, subacute or chronic, show after the injection a drop in the number of white cells after thirty minutes; in a further group a second count was made after sixty minutes, but only a small number of rheumatic patients 266


Both the hybrid full memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) algorithm (termed as HFM) and its extension with regularisation learning framework (RHFM) have been widely used in training feed-forward neural networks, where the main feature lies in deploying an alternative optimisation (AO) technique for the hidden parameter learning (based on gradient-based optimisation) and the output weights evaluation (according to linear least square problem). However, either HFM or RHFM can perform effectively and favourably in data modelling with training samples contaminated by noises or outliers. This paper develops a robust learning algorithm by weighting the residual error resulted from RHFM, named by WRHFM, aiming to control the contribution of each training sample for the regularised cost function. For algorithm implementation, the AO technique is employed in updating iteratively the weighting factors with well-defined statistical estimates, the hidden parameters with gradient descending, and the output weights with a closed form solution. Performance evaluation is carried out on a function approximation example and several real-world data sets, where comparisons against error back-propagation, support vector machine (SVM), HFM and RHFM has demonstrated the advantages of the proposed WRHFM algorithm in data regression with outliers.


Fatigue damage accumulation in steel highway bridges under random loading is studied. The fatigue life of welded joints has been determined both experimentally and from a fracture mechanics analysis. In the experimental part of the investigation, fatigue test series on welded plate test specimens have been carried through. The materials that have been used are either conventional structural steel with a yield stress of f sub y approximately equal to 400-410 MPa or high-strength steel with a yield stress of f sub y approximately equal to 810-840 MPa. The fatigue tests have been carried out using load histories, which correspond to one week's traffic loading, determined by means of strain gauge measurements on the orthotropic steel deck structure of the Faro Bridges in Denmark. The test series carried through show a significant difference between constant amplitude and variable amplitude fatigue test results. Both the fracture mechanics analysis and the fatigue test results indicate that Miner's rule, which is normally used in the design against fatigue in steel bridges, may give results that are unconservative. The validity of the results obtained from Miner's rule will depend on the distribution of the load history in tension and compression.


Firstly,this paper was devoted to give a concept of aerotropolis.Secondly,the paper discussed the formation mechanism of the aerotropolis.Technological advances has led to the development of the airport and the aviation industry,changes in the industrial structure and changes of the global competition model,as well as a multi-center model of urban development trends.Under the multiple forces,coupled with a strong impetus from the government,aerotropolis emerged.Finally,on the basis of the research above,give a judgment of China's aerotropolis evolution,presented China's aerotropolis development trend in the future by investigating the relevant mechanisms,and provided reference for China's development.


This essay chronicles how the leadership of the Southern States Communication Association came to the aid of the Central States Communication Association in the mid- to late-1980s when the Central States organization faced a major financial crisis. Early and consistent support by the Southern leadership helped to craft a successful resolution to what was an unpleasant situational exigency.


Letter from Elvira Moore to Josephus Moore discussing news of family and friends and the war, and she offers to send him clothes and have a pair of boots made for him. The letter was started on December 1, 1861 and finished on December 3rd.


There were some troubles when the free-lubrication kiln gas compressors of a company was used,anlysis and find out the main reason,provide a basis for fault handling,ensure the free-lubrication kiln gas compressors are used well.


Within five years after China acceded to WTO,China's banking market will be opened to the world according to the relevant agreements with WTO. China's banking industry is one of service business in inferior position,but still has to fact fierce competition and challenge of foreign banks. For this reason,China's banks should find out their own shortcomings,and speed up reform and innovation continuously for great competitive ability.


This paper examines the achievable rate region and the converse of a full-duplex relay broadcast channel with three independent messages: from the source to the relay, from the source to the destination, and from the relay to the destination. We are motivated to study this channel, because it models a full-duplex wireless cellular network in which the uplink user also wishes to send an independent device-to-device message to the downlink users. For the discrete memoryless channel case, we incorporate Marton's broadcast coding to obtain a new achievable rate region which is larger than previous rate regions. We further propose a tighter converse than the cut-set bound. For the Gaussian scalar channel case, we show that by using one of two rate-splitting schemes depending on the channel condition, we can already achieve the capacity region of this particular relay broadcast channel to within a constant gap. The proposed scheme outperforms the benchmark methods in terms of the symmetric generalized degree-of-freedom.


Abstract. The Montreal Protocol and its amendments (MPA) have been a huge success in preserving the stratospheric ozone layer from being destroyed by unabated chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions. The phaseout of CFCs has not only prevented serious impacts on our health and climate, but also avoided strong alterations of atmospheric circulation patterns. With the Earth system model SOCOLv4, we study the dynamical and climatic impacts of a scenario with unabated CFC emissions by 2100, disentangling radiative and chemical (ozone-mediated) effects of CFCs. In the stratosphere, chemical effects of CFCs (i.e., the resulting ozone loss) are the main drivers of circulation changes, weakening wintertime polar vortices and speeding up the Brewer–Dobson circulation. These dynamical impacts during wintertime are due to low-latitude ozone depletion and the resulting reduction in the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient. Westerly winds in the lower stratosphere strengthen, which is for the Southern Hemisphere (SH) similar to the effects of the Antarctic ozone hole over the second half of the 20th century. Furthermore, the winter and spring stratospheric wind variability increases in the SH, whereas it decreases in summer and fall. This seasonal variation in wind speed in the stratosphere has substantial implications for the major modes of variability in the tropospheric circulation in the scenario without the MPA (No-MPA). We find coherent changes in the troposphere, such as patterns that are reminiscent of negative Southern and Northern Annular modes (SAM and NAM) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) anomalies during seasons with a weakened vortex (winter and spring); the opposite occurs during seasons with strengthened westerlies in the lower stratosphere and troposphere (summer). In the troposphere, radiative heating by CFCs prevails throughout the year, shifting the SAM into a positive phase and canceling out the ozone-induced effects on the NAO, whereas the North Pacific sector shows an increase in the meridional sea-level pressure gradient as both CFC heating and ozone-induced effects reinforce each other there. Furthermore, global warming is amplified by 1.7 K with regionally up to a 12 K increase over eastern Canada and the western Arctic. Our study sheds light on the adverse effects of a non-adherence to the MPA on the global atmospheric circulation, uncovering the roles of the underlying physical mechanisms. In so doing, our study emphasizes the importance of the MPA for Earth's climate to avoid regional amplifications of negative climate impacts.


That our National Medical Library has attained its hundredth year of existence will surprise many of the physicians, teachers and students who make such extensive use of it. The average person with even a smattering of knowledge of the history of our profession in the United States will think of the founder of the Army Medical Library, or Library of the Surgeon General's Office, as it was always called prior to 1922, as Dr. JOHN SHAW BILLINGS. But great as BILLINGS was, and great as was his contribution to the upbuilding of the greatest medical library in the world, he was not its founder. The Library came into being two years before BILLINGS'S birth. Sometime in the year I836-we do not know the exact datethe Surgeon General of the United States Army, Dr. JOSEPH LOVELL, established a collection of books in his office, primarily as reference works for himself and his assistants. This was the origin in name as well as in fact of the "Surgeon General's Library." A century ago medical books and journals were not within the reach of the average physician. A few celebrated professors had noteworthy private medical libraries, and some of the medical schools had managed to acquire important collections, but by and large, the American physician found himself cut off from the bulk of medical literature when he completed his studies at medical school. It was just-this state of affairs that caused the development of the great medical library in Washington. That the work was done by the Medical Corps of the United States Army is one of the many evidences of the important peace-timne activities of that body. Surgeon General LOVELL'S collection of books was a modest


In the process of developing a legal democratic state on the way to European integration, the Ukrainian society and the state as a subject of law face the next tasks related to the implementation in national legislation, the state policy of standards and principles of international law, embodied, in particular, in the provisions of international agreements between Ukraine and the European community.
One of the significant agreements that contributed to the revision of the conceptional approaches to law-making and enforcement activities in Ukraine is "The Agreement on Association between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand", ratified Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the European Parliament on September 16, 2014. Under this Agreement, Ukraine undertook a number of commitments, in particular to increase the level of social protection of the population (Article 420 of the Agreement). In order to achieve this goal, among others an effective system of organizational and legal guarantees (means and measures) for ensuring social rights of citizens should be functioning in the state, which in turn should be based on the close cooperation of Ukraine with the European community in the field of justice, freedom and security with to ensure the rule of law and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms of states (Article 1 of the Agreement). In accordance with the Regulations of article 14 of the Agreement within the framework of such cooperation, the state should attach particular importance to the establishment of the rule of law and the strengthening of institutions of all levels in the field of administration generally and law enforcement and judicial authorities in particular. Cooperation should be aimed, in particular, at strengthening the judiciary, improving its effectiveness, ensuring its independence and impartiality and fight against corruption, and should be based on the principle of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.


The positioning error of ultra-precision machine tools is the primary factor directly affecting the machining accuracy. It mainly depends on the machine tools guide. And its variation trend contains the same inertia as that of the machine tools movement. The variation trend of the positioning error is the derivative of a function fitted with the positioning errors of three adjacent testing points. The variation trends function is fitted with the variation trend of many points. The model of positioning error is the integral of the variation trends function. Because the variation trend of positioning error has certain inertia, the model of positioning error which is obtained in this way is more precise and more reliable than error function model which is directly fitted with limited discrete data.


Early school leaving (ESL) is a serious challenge for education authorities in many European countries. The post-pandemic period has only exacerbated this challenge that affects both the lives of the students and society in general. Not the least of these, of course, is the challenge to identify good practices which has been the focus of the Erasmus+ project (2019-1-ES01-KA201-065362) 'Promoting Inclusion to Combat Early School Leaving (PICESL)'. Especially noteworthy is the role of mapping practices preventing disengagement resulting in ESL. Education is key to the eradication of inequalities and schools together with parent and communities must work to increase measures to ameliorate ESL; this must be at the forefront of everything they do. While much has been written about ESL in the post-pandemic period, one must remember that the challenges of COVID-19 only highlighted the ongoing challenges and shortcomings of school systems even as there is every reason to honour how specific institutions confronted an unprecedented crisis. Unique about this special issue is that it would provide an 'international' point of view by including articles from different regions around the world seeking to contribute to prevent disengagement and leaving from education and training and to explore the measures for educational reintegration. The first article presents a study which investigates Spanish teachers' perspectives of school dropout factors and the perceived inspiring practices to prevent ESL. Teachers described mainly experiences at the instructional and relational level (micro level) and appeared to be less cognisant of the institutional/systemic level of prevention of ESL (macro level). The article argues the need to execute practices addressed to all students rather than special programmes for special students (migrants, gypsies, students with special capacities, etc.). The second article focuses on practices implementable at the classroom level, exemplify cognitive, behavioural, and socio-emotional engagement, and foster school-family relationships, and which can be adapted by teachers and parents. The work underlines the ways in which students, parents, teachers, and administrators can best use these practices pro-actively to support students to continue engaged in learning.


This work discusses the prevalence of illegal abortion and its consequences in Mexico and describes the most effective reversible contraceptive methods appropriate for postabortal use according to the official norms of the Mexican Ministry of Health. The high incidence of abortion in Mexico is one of the most serious problems for maternal and child health. Although postabortal women are highly motivated to use contraception only a few hospitals have made family planning methods available with varying degrees of success. The lack of adequately trained personnel and the reluctance of physicians to consider IUDs for postabortal use are obstacles to program development. All the oral and injectable hormonal methods can be used postabortally as long as the usual contraindications are respected. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and injectables are appropriate for most women with no cardiovascular contraindications who are not heavy smokers hypertensive or diabetic. COCs are known to provide other health benefits such as protection against some cancers. Different estrogens are employed in combined injectables and COCs and their secondary effects may differ. Progestin-only contraceptives available in the form of pills injectables and implants are appropriate for postabortal use in women who can tolerate menstrual irregularity. Unexplained vaginal bleeding and breast cancer are the only absolute contraindications. Norplant subdermal implants are strongly indicated for postabortal use and can be inserted immediately after abortions at any gestational age without regard to genital infection. Adequate patient counseling helps users tolerate menstrual irregularity in the first months of use. The copper 380A IUD currently used in public sector family planning programs in Mexico is appropriate for postabortal women at low risk of sexually transmitted diseases. Septic abortion pelvic inflammatory disease sexually transmitted diseases vaginal bleeding of unknown cause and pelvic tuberculosis are contraindications.


To acquire current land use information for rationally use of land,combining with urban cadastral survey and investigation project of Zhongwei in Ningxia,based on urban cadastral digital survey and data collection and establishing urban cadastral database system,this paper discusses the data acquire methods in urban cadastral survey for urban land potential analyzing.


In terms of dynamic market development and increase of competitiveness motor transport enterprises (MTE) must use the new tools of management, aim at fulfillment of consumers and improvement of quality of services. The most efficient nowadays is the use of process approach in management — research and planning of business processes of different directions of enterprise. The relevance of the reseached problem is in the applied usage of modern tools of management for providing an effective arrangement of activity of motor transport enterprise. The aim of the article is a research of the theoretical and applied aspects of planning of business processes of motor transport enterprise by implementation of the systems of monitoring and cutting-edge methods of management. On the basis of IDEF0 methodology a basic business process in a motor transport enterprise is designed — "Service of motor transport transportation". The list of major fea tures of quality of service of transportation is formed based on the following: staff, technologies, equipments, resources and control and measuring, which are classified in accordance with the categories of cause and effect diagram. Basic advantages of the system of monitoring of organization of carrying passengers are determined.


The Canadian province of Quebec has the largest reserves of shale gas in Eastern Canada, but Quebeckers are in the midst of a heated debate over the desirability of exploiting this resource. At issue is the controversial technique of hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking." The provincial government has decided to proceed cautiously. In 2011, Quebec instituted a temporary moratorium, still in effect, on shale gas development in order to conduct consultations with experts and members of the public that has continued to present day. Recently, the government released the results of the experts' report, the Strategic Environmental Evaluation. This paper highlights the report's key findings about the potential economic benefits, environmental risks, and public acceptability of shale gas development. Quebec's balanced approach to the complex, technical issue of shale gas development represents a deliberative approach to governance that emphasizes extensive public engagement.


The paper considers the usability of the World Wide Web in the light of a decade of research into the usability of hypertext and hypermedia systems. The concepts of virtual hierarchies and virtual networks are introduced as a mechanism for alleviating some of the shortcomings inherent in the current implementations of the web, without violating its basic philosophy. It is suggested that virtual hierarchies and virtual networks will assist users to find task-relevant information more easily and quickly and also help web authors to ensure that their pages are targeted at the users who wish to see them.The paper first analyses the published work on hypermedia usability, identifying the assumptions that underlie this research and relating them to the assumptions underlying the web. Some general conclusions are presented about both hypermedia usability principles and their applicability to the web. These results are coupled with problems identified from other sources to produce a requirements list for improving web usability. A possible solution is then presented which utilizes the capabilities of existing distributed information management software to permit web users to create virtual hierarchies and virtual networks. Some ways in which these virtual structures assist searchers to find useful information, and thus help authors to publicize their information more effectively, are described. The explanation is illustrated by examples taken from the GENIE Service, an implementation of some of the ideas. This uses the World Wide Web as a means of allowing global environmental change researchers throughout the world to find data that may be relevant to their research.


The influence of urethane,chloral hydrate,sodium pentobarbital on the blood pressure,heart rate and respiration of rabbits was studied by Medlab physiological signal acquisition and processing system.Results Urethane,chloral hydrate could significantly reduce systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in rabbits,and rabbits with pentobarbital sodium could increase them slightly.Three anesthetics could reduce heart rate,increase peak value of the breath of rabbits.Three anesthetics could decrease respiratory rate in rabbits,and in accordance with urethane,chloral hydrate,sodium pentobarbital was the order of increasing influence.


Significance Every autumn across the North Atlantic, large numbers of zooplankton copepods migrate from the surface waters into the ocean's interior to hibernate at depths of 600–1,400 m. Through this migration, they actively transport lipid carbon to below the permanent thermocline, where it is metabolized at a rate comparable to the carbon delivered by sinking detritus. This "lipid pump" has not been included in previous estimates of the deep-ocean carbon sequestration, which are based on either measurements of sinking fluxes of detritus, or estimates of new primary production. Unlike other components of the biological pump, the lipid pump does not strip the surface ocean of nutrients, and decouples carbon sequestration from nutrient replenishment, a process we term the "lipid shunt." Estimates of carbon flux to the deep oceans are essential for our understanding of global carbon budgets. Sinking of detrital material ("biological pump") is usually thought to be the main biological component of this flux. Here, we identify an additional biological mechanism, the seasonal "lipid pump," which is highly efficient at sequestering carbon into the deep ocean. It involves the vertical transport and metabolism of carbon rich lipids by overwintering zooplankton. We show that one species, the copepod Calanus finmarchicus overwintering in the North Atlantic, sequesters an amount of carbon equivalent to the sinking flux of detrital material. The efficiency of the lipid pump derives from a near-complete decoupling between nutrient and carbon cycling—a "lipid shunt," and its direct transport of carbon through the mesopelagic zone to below the permanent thermocline with very little attenuation. Inclusion of the lipid pump almost doubles the previous estimates of deep-ocean carbon sequestration by biological processes in the North Atlantic.


Abstract Essential oils are affected by botanical origins which can induce variations in their chemical components and biological activities. Therefore, discovering the same plants from many regions leads to an increase and diversification of essential oil sources as one of the natural products that are used for many purposes. Four wild Lamiaceae plants (sage, micromeria, marrubium and thyme) were collected from arid regions in Egypt and their essential oils were evaluated. Essential oil contents of sage, micromeria, marrubium and thyme recorded the values of 0.5, 0.1, 0.1 and 1.7 %, respectively. The major components of sage essential oil are germacrene-B, geranyl linalool, 2, 6, 8-eudesmatriene, β-elemene, germacrene-D, α-guaiene, graniol, aromadendrene, β-cadinene and δ-cadinene. Caryophyllene oxide, α-bisabolol, humulene epoxide III, patchulane and Z-α-trans-bergamotol were the main components of micromeria essential oil. The major constituents of marrubium essential oil are thymol, myristicin, 1-undecene, isomenthol, E-phytol, germacrene-D and bornyl acetate. Thymol was the main component of thyme essential oil. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the major chemical group of sage and micromeria essential oils, respectively; whereas, oxygenated monoterpenes were the main group of marrubium and thyme essential oils. This study concludes that sage, micromeria, marrubium and thyme plants growing in arid regions are new sources of essential oils.


Purpose
By adopting a cultural lens, this study aims to conceptualize destination-community hospitality to capture societal hospitality at the destination as an intangible asset. Destination-community hospitality comprises a set of attitudes and traits that are organically conveyed by community members and directly experienced by tourists. The paper contributes to efforts aimed at freeing hospitality from the confines of commercial lodging and food and beverage establishments.

Design/methodology/approach
This study proposes an affection–attention–awareness (AAA) framework by drawing on the pertinent literature and leveraging the affective–behavioral–cognitive model of attitudinal change. It focuses on the effects of cognition in conceptualizing destination-community hospitality as the core of the framework. Methodologically, the framework is illustrated with qualitative data including observational fieldwork and interviews conducted in Iran.

Findings
Illustration of the AAA framework in the context of Iran highlights how welcoming attitudes are leveraged at a destination as an ingrained community mindset even in the absence of formal initiatives or professional training. It underscores the hospitality advocacy role of local-community members irrespective of public-sector policy and capacity deficiencies.

Practical implications
Destinations that strive to attract tourists should tap into the significant wealth of intuitive hospitality within communities as an intangible resource. The ingenuity should be preserved to sustainably enhance the overall tourist experiences. The framework can serve as a guide to strategically facilitate destination-community hospitality.

Originality/value
Research on community-wide hospitality at destinations, as a major cultural asset in the context of strategic hospitality management, remains underdeveloped. With illustrative evidence, the findings elevate the critical role of community members as innate advocates of hospitality in developing destinations. The proposed framework of destination-community hospitality provides a new perspective and impetus for investigating hospitality beyond commercial domains.


Objective To analyze the risk factors of postoperative gastroparesis syndrome(PGS) after non-gastroduodenal abdominal surgery.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 2 559 patients who underwent non-gastroduodenal abdominal surgeries in our hospital between September 2004 and March 2010.We divided them into the PGS group with 23 patients and the non-PGS group with 2 536 patients.Results By comparing the age,the gender,the starting time of eating after surgery,the duration of surgery,whether the patients had advanced cancer,whether anemia or hypoproteinemia existed,whether the patients had a history of previous abdominal surgery,and whether nutritional support was provided early after operation between the PGS group and the non-PGS group,we found that the chi-square value was 19.687,0.018,0.346,48.243,21.801,16.803,24.679,0.870 and the P value was0.01,0.05,0.05,0.01,0.01,0.01,0.01,0.05 respectively.Conclusion Over 65 years of age,the duration of surgery over four hours,advanced cancer,the history of previous abdominal surgery and anemia or hypoproteinemia are the risk factors of PGS after non-gastroduodenal abdominal surgery.


The genus Bruntridactylus Gunther, 1979 is revised, eleven species now being included. Supplementary redescriptions are given of the hitherto known six species. Lectotypes of Br. apicedentatus (Chopard), Br. irremipes (Uvarov), and Br. saussurei (Chopard) are designated. Five species (Br. blackithi sp. n., Br. centralafricanus sp. n., Br. hannemanni sp. n., Br. latihamatus sp. n., and Br. mocambicus sp. n.) are described as new to science. Keys to the genera of the family Tridactylidae and to the species of Bruntridactylus are given. The degree of relationship between the species is demonstrated by a dendrogram.

In connection with the revision the designation of a neotype of Tridactylus paradoxus Latreille, 1802 was necessary.


This paper presents two novel topologies for automatically transforming power converter topology from three-phase 3-level cascaded H-bridge to three-phase 2-level converter design. These techniques are implemented by flicking specific switches to rearrange circuit connections. The switches can be controlled by signals in order to realize automation.


Ctenogobius giurinus is a kind of small freshwater fish which propagates during April-June in the middle reaches of Jialingjiang in Nanchong.It has a egg-laying period of 2-3 hours,one copulation per interval of 1-2 minutes,egg-laying number of 30-50 per copulation,and total egg number of 1 000-1 600.The male C.giurinus is responsible for hatching eggs in most of the time,and the female hatches the eggs temporarily only when the male goes out to hunting for foods.The fertilized eggs were kept in a glass culture utensil during the observation.The results indicate that the fertilized and unfertilized eggs of C.giurinus have a group of sticky fiber on the one end which adheres to the gravel as well as other hard material.Their fertilized eggs are nearly spherical in shape and have a diameter of 0.453-0.644 mm,which are light yellow,translucent and very extensible.There are 1-30 oil globules in each egg,of which 1-4 are obviously bigger in volume.The eggs begin to inflate and become ellipse by absorbing water after 4 min of fertilization.According to the morphological characteristics,the embryonic development of C.giurinus may be divided into seven stages:the fertilized egg and the blastoderm formation stage,the cleavage stage,the blastula stage,the gastrula stage,the neural stage,the organogenesis stage,and hatching stage.Under the water temperature of 22.3-25.7℃,it requires 109 h 52 min for the embryonic development.The organs differentiation are highly degree before hatching,such as pectoral fin bud,gill plate,gas bladder,semicircular canal,evident mandible and geny-teeth.Newly hatched larvae have a total length of 2.485-2.640 mm and body height of 0.350-0.460 mm,which takes 4 days for the disappearance of the yolk sacs and 6 days for the disappearance of the oil globules after hatching.


Great changes have taken place in tourist demands,purchase patterns and consuming behaviors since the application of information technology. As for travel services, how to make information technology meet those changes has already become a hotspot for both academia and industry. This paper uses literature analysis method to make a retrospective review of the researches on foreign travel agency information process in the recent decades. It concludes a series of valuable consensus from three dimensions namely: motivation,pattern and effect of travel service in information technology applications,and points out the direction of future research on information technology applications in travel services. This research aims to enrich relevant research literatures,replenish and develop theoretical researches,and provide reference for information technology applications of Chinese travel services.


This essay summarizes the studies on the nitrogen nutrition of mulberry from the following aspects:the physiological function of nitrogen, the movement of nitrogen in soil and the absorption of nitrogen,the effect of applying fertilizer to the absorption of nitrogen,the effect of cultivated way to the absorption of nitrogen,the method of determining the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer, several suggestions are put forward.


Consider a machine that runs multiple servers such as an ftp server and an http server on the same machine. Clients for such servers may request resources like ftp connections and http connections at varying rates and hold them for varying durations. The servers compete for resources like connection records and I/O memory on the same machine. As a result, it may happen that one server starves another. Similarly, one fast but loaded server might keep critical resources such as network drivers busy and starve other servers. This pattern presents a technique that can be used to avoid such imbalance and at the same time allow efficient communication.


INTRODUCTION. Vibration response imaging (VRI) is a novel technology using sophisticated software and 34 surface skin sensors placed on the back to record, analyze and display vibration energy of lung sounds during the respiratory cycle. It is a likely surrogate of airflow in the lungs (1). The purpose of this study is to compare VRI in acute heart failure (AHF) to those with a normal chest x-ray.


The concept,character,history,origin,classification and effectiveness range of the plant quarantine law in China were elaborated.In addition,some evaluation analysis and suggestions were put forward.


This chapter engages with interdisciplinary scholarship on legal systems and revenge in order to argue that the Western, like other genres which seek to provide justifications for violence, has informed and been influenced by paradigmatic shifts in the American legal system. A fuller investigation into the style of the gunslinger's vengeance, this chapter argues, suggests a rather different relationship between cultural products and legal apparatuses than that suggested by critics who portray the Western revenger as a reactionary figure. The Western gunslinger is presented here instead as a progressive figure by reading the cultural work of the Western genre as a rhetorical thinking through of a set of interconnected conflicts and inconsistencies in American legal paradigms related to justifiable homicide and gun possession.


The synthesis of hitherto unknown N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) substituted 2-alkylamino-4,6-diarylbenzophenones 3 from 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium salts 1 and 3-alkyl-2-methylbenzoxazolium salts 2 in the presence of triethylamine in ethanol by a 2,5-[C4+C2] pyrylium ring transformation is reported. Structure elucidation is performed by an X-ray crystal structure determination of the benzophenone 3a. Spectroscopic data of the transformation products and their mode of formation via anhydrobases of the salts 2 are discussed.


A COLLEAGUE of Deborah Parry in Saudi Arabia has told how, after the murder of Yvonne Gilford, she saw Ms Parry with scratches on I her forearms - scratches which she had blamed on her cat.


Patulin is a frequent contaminant of moldy and rotten apples and apple products. The aim of this study was to evaluate patulin contamination in 58 apple juices collected from a retail market in Mashhad during winter and spring of 2006.

Samples were assayed for patulin by high-performance liquid chromatography. Fifty-four samples were positive for patulin at levels that ranged from 10.5 to 121.8 µg/L, and six samples had patulin levels higher than 50 µg/L. The overall mean of patulin concentration was 29.2 ± 19.5 µg/L. Forty-eight samples had patulin concentration between 5 and 50 µg/L. Although the mean concentration of patulin samples was lower than Iranian maximum tolerated level of 50 µg/L, contamination of 10% of the samples at levels higher than 50 µg/L indicated the need for improving production techniques by the industry.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Studies have shown that the concentration of patulin may exceed the determined limits in apple juice and in other fruit products. Its presence can be a potential threat to the health of consumers, particularly children. The results may help us in understanding what should be the level of patulin in apple juice. The awareness of the apple industry of patulin contamination in fruit and the implementation of improved techniques for the production of apple products with reduced patulin concentrations have contributed to the quality of apple juice that are available on the Iranian market.


For a countable amenable group \Gamma and an element f in the integral group ring Z\Gamma being invertible in the group von Neumann algebra of \Gamma, we show that the entropy of the shift action of \Gamma on the Pontryagin dual of the quotient of Z\Gamma by its left ideal generated by f is the logarithm of the Fuglede-Kadison determinant of f. For the proof, we establish an \ell^p-version of Rufus Bowen's definition of topological entropy, addition formulas for group extensions of countable amenable group actions, and an approximation formula for the Fuglede-Kadison determinant of f in terms of the determinants of perturbations of the compressions of f.


The usual practice with the cane growers is to utilise the immature tops of cane as seed material or the entire of short crop of 6-7 months old, cut into bits. A belief is current among the ryots that sugarcane seed mate- rial raised in a place produce a better crop when planted at another locality and the crop produced is superior to local seed. The present paper gives an account of experiments conducted at the Sugarcane Research Stations, Cuddalore, Gudi- yatham and Sirugamani.


An experiment was carried out at the Sheep Production Sector of Federal University of Lavras to study the allometric growth of bone, muscular and fat tissues of commercial joints in lambs. Twenty-four Santa Ines lambs were used. The animals were kept confined in individual pens and fed ad libitum. The animals were slaughtered when they reached the target live weight of 15, 25, 35 and 45 kg. After the carcass had been dressed and chilled, the commercial joints were obtained from the left half part. The amount of the different tissues were got through the dissection of the leg, lion, rib, breast and shoulder. The allometric study was carried out using the model developed by HUXLEY(1932). The allometric coefficient of bone was lower than 1, the coefficient for the fat tissue was higher than 1 in all joints, and the muscular tissue in the ribs and shoulder were analysed for these joints, the coefficient was not different from 1.


Background Congenital anomalies – that is, any malformation that occurs in the developing fetus – is one of the major childhood health problems. Objective The aim of the study was to examine the pattern of fetal congenital anomalies in consanguineous marriages. Participants and methods This cross-sectional study included 150 pregnant women from consanguineous marriages with fetal congenital anomalies. They were recruited from the Fetal Medicine Unit at Cairo University Hospital. A structured interview was conducted to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and past obstetric history. An ultrasonographic examination was performed for anatomical scanning of the fetus to screen for the presence of congenital anomalies, in addition to fetal biometry. Results The central nervous system was the most commonly affected system (44%), followed by the musculoskeletal system (23%). Multiple anomalies were detected in 52.7% of the fetuses; they were significantly more common in first-degree consanguineous marriages (P=0.001). The most common types of congenital anomalies among fetuses from consanguineous marriages were cleft palate, bilateral cleft lip, hydronephrosis, and unilateral cleft lip. Conclusion Multiple-system malformations were significantly associated with first-degree consanguineous marriages.


Malignancies in the renal pelvis are rare and few cases have been described in the literature till date. They present in various morphologies which cause diagnosis dilemma due to their close resemblance to other benign and malignant lesions. Histopathology has a major role in diagnostics since recognition of the morphological variant is important for prognostic and treatment stratification. We report a case of urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis with extensive glandular differentiation in a 48-year-old male.


The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Leptadenia reticulata leaves (LELR) against Dalton's Ascitic Lymphoma (DAL) in Swiss Albino mice. DAL cells were injected intraperitoneally (106 cells/mouse) to the mice. Two days after cells injection the animals were treated with 200 mg/kg of LELR for 8 days. Five-fluorouracil (20 mg/kg) was used as reference drug. On day 11, cancer cell number, packed cell volume, decrease in tumour weight of the mice, increase in life span and hematological parameters were evaluated and compared with the same parameters in controls. A significant increase in the life span and a decrease in the cancer cell number and tumour weight were noted in the tumour-induced mice after treatment with LELR. The hematological parameters were also normalized by LELR in tumour-induced mice. These observations are suggestive of the protective effect of LELR against Dalton's Ascitic Lymphoma (DAL).


The Register File (RF) is a critical structure in Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) responsible for a large portion of the area and power. To simplify the architecture of the RF, it is organized in a multi-bank configuration with a single port for each bank. Not surprisingly, the frequent accesses to the register file during kernel execution incur a sizeable overhead in GPU power consumption, and introduce delays as accesses are serialized when port conflicts occur. In this paper, we observe that there is a high degree of temporal locality in accesses to the registers: within short instruction windows, the same registers are often accessed repeatedly. We characterize the opportunities to reduce register accesses as a function of the size of the instruction window considered, and establish that there are many recurring reads and updates of the same register operands in most GPU computations. To exploit this opportunity, we propose Breathing Operand Windows (BOW), an enhanced GPU pipeline and operand collector organization that supports bypassing register file accesses and instead passes values directly between instructions within the same window. Our baseline design can only bypass register reads; we introduce an improved design capable of also bypassing unnecessary write operations to the RF. We introduce compiler optimizations to help guide the write-back destination of operands depending on whether they will be reused to further reduce the write traffic. To reduce the storage overhead, we analyze the occupancy of the bypass buffers and discover that we can significantly down size them without losing performance. BOW along with optimizations reduces dynamic energy consumption of the register file by 55% and increases the performance by 11%, with a modest overhead of 12KB increase in the size of the operand collectors (4% of the register file size).


The history of bioreactors was reviewed.The applications of chemical technology in bioreaction and bioseparation were introduced.The applications of biotechnology in chemical engineering field were summarized emphatically.The problems were put forward and the research in the future was prospected.


In AC circuits, the voltage from one level can be transformed into another level using transformers but in dc circuits, transformers cannot be used to change the voltage level. So, a special class of circuits called dc-dc converter is needed for voltage transformation. This paper focuses on the design and development of dc-dc converter. Compared to the classical dc-dc converters such as buck, boost and buck-boost types the Sepic converter provides isolation to the load via a high frequency transformer. In this paper implementation of laboratory kid module of buck converter is analyzed with simulated and hardware results. PSPICE simulation, mathematical analysis and hardware development are the contributions.


Objectives — Heart failure (HF) is a lethal disorder most common in blacks.Available treatment options have little impact on prognosis, making primary prevention a priority.We aimed to describe the spectrum of established HF risk factors and clinical features in Nigerian adults. Methods — We recruited consecutive adults with HF diagnosed using the Framingham criteria in a Teaching Hospital, and recorded clinical findings with a structured form. Blood was drawn for haematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum cholesterol. Results — 102 subjects were studied. Common HF risk factors were hypertension 45 (44%), obesity 26 (25%), alcohol intake 25 (24%) and hypercholesterolaemia 22 (21%). Both tachycardia (OR 5.5, 95%CI 1.7-14.9) and S3 gallop (OR 4.05, 95%CI 1.53-10.76) were significantly related with NYHA class IV HF. BMI was strongly related with total serum cholesterol (r = 0.70, P < 0.001). Low ESR (< 5 mm/h) was protective of NYHA class IV HF (OR 0.40, 95%CI 0.16-0.88). Conclusion — Hypertension, obesity, alcohol intake and hypercholesterolaemia were common in blacks with HF. Both S3 gallop and high ESR indicated more severe HF.


Highly stretchable capacitive sensors are of great interest for soft robotic control due to their ability to measure relatively large strains. These sensors are often multilayered materials, with one or more of the layers made from silicones filled with functional particles. However, the models used to describe the material behavior do not always account for the hyperelastic nature of the silicones, the altered material properties due to fillers, and potential anisotropy due to the layered structure. Large errors arise when predicting capacitance using widespread assumptions of linear elastic mechanics and isotropic material properties. This study demonstrates how these modeling assumptions are inadequate for predicting sensor performance, and compares alternative models based on empirical material mechanics. The Poisson's ratio of multi‐layered hyperelastic capacitors is measured in both the width and thickness directions by imaging the sensor dimensions during strain. The results indicate that the sensors are anisotropic and have a strain‐dependent Poisson's ratio, demonstrating the validity of the proposed model. Considering these properties in capacitance models will lead to an improved ability to predict sensor performance, especially at high strains.


A new measurement of the fast neutron‐induced fission cross section of 238Pu in the 2–200 MeV domain is presented. Preliminary results confirm theoretical indications that above 6 MeV this cross section was, up to now, overestimated by 20 to 30%.


The invention discloses a tooth socket type 3D personalized toothbrush which comprises a tooth socket base body. Grooves for containing teeth are formed in the upper side and the lower side of the tooth socket base body respectively, bristles are arranged in the grooves, and the bristles are fixedly arranged regularly or irregularly along the surfaces of the grooves. The tooth socket base body comprises an upper tooth socket and a lower tooth socket, a handle is arranged between the upper tooth socket and the lower tooth socket, and the handle is connected with the upper tooth socket and the lower tooth socket. A traditional toothbrush is manufactured into the tooth socket type 3D personalized toothbrush, and 3D omnibearing cleaning can be carried out on all the positions of the teeth through vertical tooth brush biting and left-right moving of the teeth. The tooth socket type 3D personalized toothbrush has the advantages that in the tooth brushing process, no dead corner is left, operation is easy and convenient, cleaning efficiency is high, and gingiva or enamel is not damaged.


The Dutch system of employment protection is often perceived as too strict for workers on permanent contracts, because of the large procedural inconveniences, difficulty of dismissal and high severance pay. It is suggested that the system of employment protection lowers labour market flexibility by lowering hiring and firing rates, and increasing the employers' labour costs. Many parties (e.g. government, employers and trade unions) have opted for reforms of the system in recent years. One of the proposed scenarios is to allow for more differentiation by decentralising employment protection, e.g. regulations in individual or collective labour agreements. At present, however, it is already possible to regulate employment protection on a decentralised level, i.e. in collective labour agreements on a sector or company level. Dutch national labour law is only ¾ binding, implying that deviations are allowed for in collective labour agreements. Yet, most research on employment protection is on the national provisions and disregards this sector level differentiation. With this study we contribute to the literature by investigating employment protection provisions on a sector level. The level of employment protection on the sector level not only depends on the national level of employment protection, the system of unemployment insurance, but also of union power and collective bargaining strategies pursued by the trade unions. Employment protection provisions might be used as a trading good in collective bargaining, i.e. there might be a trade off with other provisions such as bargained wage development or extra-statutory unemployment insurance. This might lead to sector differences in the level of employment protection found in collective labour agreements. In addition, employment protection affects labour market performance. Hiring and firing rates are expected to be lower at higher levels of employment protection, and the use of temporary contracts as an alternative to regular workers is expected to be higher. To analyse the collective labour agreements, we use the FNV CLA databank and for the analysis of labour market dynamics, we use the online databank of Statistics Netherlands. Our study shows that sector level provisions on employment protection are at or above the national level, which is related to union density. The higher levels of employment protection seem to come at a cost for employers who have higher labour costs, both non-wage and wage costs. Consequently, hiring and firing are indeed lower at higher levels of employment protection. The use of temporary contracts, however, is not higher at higher levels of employment protection, but the opposite is observed. These findings can have important policy implications, especially with respect to the debate in shifting responsibilities, in general but particularly with respect to employment protection regulation, to the sector level.


To determine the organization, dynamics, and controlling mechanisms of an estuarine benthic copepod assemblage, 2 stations were established I km apart in a South Carolina estuary in January 1973, and sampled at monthly intervals for 3 yr. These sand and mud faunas displayed unique dynamic properties, yet species diversity, used as a measure of community structure, did not discrimi- nate community differences seasonally, within or between the 2 locations. The mud fauna, distributed to a depth of 1 cm, had a randomly varying community abundance and diversity over time, and diversity was controlled by a marked seasonal cycling of species suites which recurred regularly. The sand fauna diversity decreased with time and was correlated to an increasing abundance trend. Sand faunal seasonality was not marked, however, diversity was maintained by a high spatial niche overlap of fauna through a 10-cm depth distribution. The communities were different in species composition, seasonal responses, environmental re- gimes, dominance relationships, and controlling factors, yet maintained equal diversity. Diversity, however, was maintained by different and independent mechanisms.


This paper extends research on accident investigation as exercises in political sensemaking, by considering the possible psychological meaning-making purposes of accident investigation. Accident investigations and reports serve epistemological or preventive aims: finding out what went wrong and avoiding recurrence. These are not necessarily the same: the variables that explain a particular event might diverge from those that help forestall a larger family of events. In addition, accident investigation serves moral and existential purposes. Accident investigations are (often implicitly) expected to render people's suffering accountable to reason and open to solution, prevention and elimination. The Western world tends to locate both the meaning and cause of suffering in the realm of human moral choice, which typically condenses accounts of failure down to single acts and actors. This competes with increasingly complex epistemological narratives of accidents that have neither obvious causes nor clear, linear cause–effect relationships.


—This paper deals with an analytical thermal model for switched reluctance motors (SRM). This presented thermal model is a capitalization of knowledge concerning heat transfers for this type of electric machine and it has been built in an objected oriented environment. Generally, electric motors generate heat with their losses. These losses can be classified in three categories: electrical circuit losses, magnetic circuit losses and mechanical losses. A lumped thermal model has been created in an objected oriented environment, with calculated losses, thermal resistances and capacities, in order to predict heat transfers and temperature evolution in different parts for any switched reluctance machine topology. Analytical thermal relations for the conduction or convection heat transfer are implemented in object class methods. At the end, it has been obtained a complete thermal model that can give a transient temperature simulation for any topology of switched reluctance motors.


This paper presents the first stage of research into a multi-agent complex environment, called "FlatLand" aiming at emerging complex and adaptive obstacle-avoidance and target- achievement behaviors by use of a variety of learning mecha- nisms. The presentation includes a detailed description of the FlatLand simulated world, the learning mechanisms used as well as an efficient method for comparing the mechanisms' performance, robustness and required computational effort.


To design fast memory devices, we need material combinations which can facilitate fast read and write operation. We present a heterostructure comprising a two-dimensional (2D) magnet and a 2D topological insulator (TI) as a viable option for designing fast memory devices. We theoretically model spin-charge dynamics between the 2D magnets and 2D TIs. Using the adiabatic approximation, we combine the non-equilibrium Green's function method for spin-dependent electron transport, and time-quantified Monte-Carlo for simulating magnetization dynamics. We show that it is possible to switch the magnetic domain of a ferromagnet using spin-torque from spin-polarized edge states of 2D TI. We further show that the switching between TIs and 2D magnets is strongly dependent on the interface exchange ( J int ), and an optimal interface exchange depending on the exchange interaction within the magnet is required for efficient switching. Finally, we compare the experimentally grown Cr-compounds and show that Cr-compounds with higher anisotropy (such as CrI 3 ) results in lower switching speed but more stable magnetic order.


In software world, researcher work is always focusing on number of faults present in a software deformity prone datasets model. The main goal of researcher work is that to find and fix present faults in software deformity prone as soon as possible. This has much to do with software deformity prone datasets models and its accuracy growth. Currently world immense software companies, they are used their own accuracy repository system which handling the software deformity prone issues and controlled the accuracy of deformity prone datasets models. This research paper presents the current issues on software deformity prone datasets models and the significant method used on these issues. Our research model method is that to boost the accuracy of forecasts in software deformity prone based on LinearNNsearch Classification method. This method used with K parameters where K=N=1 to 6. The experimental analyses showed that the parameter K=N=3, 4 and 5 are good for linearNNsearch and can enhanced the positive accuracy of software deformity prone with linearNNsearch. The analysis experiments of IBK Filtered neighbor search at K=N=5, 6 can also increase the positive accuracy of software deformity prone.


The Fine Guidance Sensors (FGSs) are the instrument of choice for most astrometric measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The observed amount of spherical aberration in the Ritchey Chretien optical system does not affect positional measurements with perfectly aligned FGSs because they are interferometers. The FGSs combine wavefronts from points in the exit pupil with other points which are at the same radial distance from the optical axis. Asymmetric aberrations such as coma and astigmatism do affect the measured positions. The current knowledge of the HST wavefront error, the FGS operation and the implications for milliarcsecond relative astrometry are discussed. It is still planned to use the HST to tie the HIPPARCOS and VLBI Reference Frames together at the few milliarcsecond level.


The invention discloses a hydrothermal roller high temperature compost reactor. The reactor comprises a main reaction tank, and further comprises a gas supply device, wherein a gas distributing chamber and an exhausting valve are respectively arranged at both ends of the main reaction tank, a temperature control water layer is arranged on the inner wall of the main reaction tank, a plurality of stirring teeth are arranged on the inner wall of the temperature control water layer, and the stirring teeth are communicated with the exhausting valve through the gas distributing chamber at the same time; a water inlet valve and a return valve are arranged on the outer wall of the main reaction kettle; three temperature sensors are arranged inside the main reaction kettle; a rotary shaft is arranged in the middle of the gas distributing chamber; the air supply device comprises an air compressor which is connected with the gas distributing chamber through a pipeline; a driving device far from one end of the gas distributing chamber is arranged on the main reaction tank. The reactor disclosed by the invention has high controllability such as controlled temperature and oxygen supply, and can improve the sludge composting efficiency, enhance the fertilizer efficiency of composting products and reduce the risk of secondary pollution.


Constructing perfect Psychology Crisis Early Warning Indicators System and effective operational mechanism is the strong security to prevent the college students' psychology crisis,also it is the core of the Psychology Crisis Early Warning Indicators System.This article mainly elaborates constructing psychology crisis early-warning system on these three aspects: determining the warning object and scope;constructing Early Warning Indicators Evaluation system and Early Warning operational mechanism,and then provide Theoretical basis for constructing Psychology Crisis Early Warning system of the college students in our country.


The General Medical Council panel that found Andrew Wakefield's colleague John Walker-Smith guilty of serious professional misconduct and struck him off the medical register in 2010 was dealing with a task that was "beyond it," his barrister told the High Court in London this week.

Stephen Miller QC told Mr Justice Mitting at the start of a two week appeal hearing that the panel ignored evidence that paediatric gastroenterologists at the Royal Free Hospital in London, headed by Professor Walker-Smith, were carrying out investigations that were clinically indicated and undertaken for the purposes of diagnosis and treatment and not for a research project.

Professor Walker-Smith, who retired in 2000, was one of …


Typically, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) use limited-capacity batteries that cannot be recharged or replaced. In general, designing an energy-efficient routing protocol has a significant impact on prolonging the network lifetime. In this article, a novel distributed 2-hop cluster-routing protocol (D2CRP) is introduced to achieve energy efficiency in WSNs. In the cluster formation phase, each node obtains the information of its neighbor nodes within the 2-hop range to form the 2-hop cluster in a fully distributed manner. The transmission distance and residual energy are jointly considered to determine the energy-efficient cluster head (CH) in each 2-hop cluster. After the CH is generated, each member node can transmit packets to its 1-hop neighbor or the CH directly. To reduce the overall transmission distance for intercluster communication, multiple chains can be formed among CHs via their adjacent CHs that are closer to the base station (BS). As a result, energy-efficient intracluster and intercluster routing can be achieved for packet transmission. In addition, the optimal cluster number of 2-hop clustering is formulated and derived to minimize the energy consumption for both intracluster and intercluster communications. Simulation results show that the optimal cluster number of D2CRP can be achieved and D2CRP is effectively improved on the performances of network lifetime, energy consumption, and packet transmission than the other four state-of-the-art competitive routing protocols, including low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), R-LEACH, power-efficient gathering in sensor information system (PEGASIS), and two-tier distributed fuzzy logic-based protocol (TTDFP).


The impetus for this issue is the general notion that writers who can evaluate themselves fare better than others. They know what they can do well, what their problems are, and what they might do to improve. These abilities are not necessarily self-taught and are also not typically an integral part of writing instruction for students who experience difficulty. In this introductory article, I present three categories of literature related to self-evaluation as experienced by writers who struggle: Affirmation Fosters Self-Evaluation, Self-evaluation Thrives in Cultures of Support, and Self-evaluation Begets Agency. Within these sections I nest the articles of this issue.


Academic learning comes from nature and surpasses it. The first step of academic activities is to find a series of basic concepts related to one' s own research and organized them in a certain form. Learning is not copying, but creating. Honesty is more important than talents for a scholar. In academic learning, some common sense is often used to subvert some other common sense. There is no "fact" without mental analysis and vice versa. Learning is first the representation of one s soul. Academic personality means one would rather say nothing than say anything useless to his target readers, as his responsibility has it so. Any academic text is a reconstruction of his acquired knowledge. Suppose we regard learning as a stepping stone to power and wealth and a kind of external thing outside our bodies , on whom can we place the hope for academic development? Academic innovation is not to overthrow one s opponents, but to seek space for one' s own development. Within any academic frame, that are at least three basic opposite concepts instead of two. Things can only be made clear through research.


Manufacturing plants in non‐hierarchical regional production networks are complex systems whose structures are characterized by high dynamics. The Systems Engineering approach is suitable to analyze manufacturing plants in their complexity and to systematically support planning execution.


Basic techniques of rhinoplasty are known to experienced aesthetic surgeons; however, posttraumatic nasal deformities, secondary cases and ethnic demands require advanced techni‐ ques. These modern techniques are generally aimed to provide a more normal looking nose while a great attempt is made to preserve or return the normal function of the nose while improving some existing functional shortcomings during the surgery. This chapter presents a problem-based approach to some complex nasal deformities. Current solutions to each deformity are presented and advantages and limitations of each technique are discussed.


A direct and indirect propagation system has been established for the medicinally important plant Aristolochia bracteata Retz. using inter-nodal segments as explants. The surface sterilization of A. bracteata inter-nodal segments was carried with different concentration of mercuric chloride such as 0.05%. 0.1% and 0.15% for different time duration. Among them, 0.1% mercuric chloride for 2 min showed low percentage contamination  and highest (96%) percentage of microbes free explants. The explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium augmented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators for direct and indirect regeneration. Highest percentage of callus induction (82.3 ± 0.57) from inter-nodal segments was observed on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L of 2,4-D. Three types of calli viz.,  friable, semi-friable and compact calli were observed from the inter-nodal segments. Highest frequency of shoot proliferation (61.5 ± 0.43) was observed in Murashige and Skoog's medium augmented with 1.0 mg/L of 6 - Benzyl Amino Purine in combination with 1.0 mg/L I± - Naphthalene  Acetic Acid. Maximum number of shootlets regeneration (2.6 ± 0.15) was also observed from the same medium. The in vitro derived calli were sub-cultured for shoot regeneration. The Murashige and Skoog's medium fortified with 1.0 mg/L of 6 - Benzyl Amino Purine in combination with 0.5 mg/L of I± - Naphthalene Acetic Acid showed the highest percentage (73.2 ± 0.43) shoot proliferation from the inter- nodal segments derived calli.  The in vitro raised shootlets were sub-cultured on ½ strength Murashige and Skoog's medium augmented with various concentrations of IAA and IBA for root formation. Highest percentage, maximum number of rootlets/shootlet and mean length of rootlets were observed in ½ Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of IBA. Sixty eight percentages of plantlets were established in the earthen pots. Â


An independent Harrogate school has appointed an experienced charity and fundraising manager to head up a major new function for its alumni network. ...


The extraction of lignin from black liquor is of interest in order to increase the overall material yield when producing paper pulp by the kraft process. The extracted lignin can be used either as a solid biofuel or a potential alternative raw material to fossil oil for the production of various green chemicals and high valuable products such as carbon fibres. The LignoBoost process is a new approach in which the kraft lignin extracted reaches a high level of purity. In this study, the local and average dead-end filtration properties during dewatering of a softwood lignin extracted from black liquor using the LignoBoost process were investigated; the material was also characterized. It was found that the investigated lignin was an easy to filter material that formed weakly compressible filter cakes in the solid compressive pressure range of 0.03 to 1.5 MPa. The concentration of the lignin slurry did not influence the filtration properties; the resulting cakes final heights were in the industrial size range. Moreover, the two different filter media used yielded similar results. Semi-empirical relationships were fitted successfully to the experimental local data and a good estimation of the average filtration properties was also obtained using the relationships fitted parameters. This indicates a good agreement between the local and average experimental data.


A CTUARIAL SCIENCE, at least as the term is used in the English speaking countries, differs radically from some other sciences in that great amounts of practical material are included. For this reason, a survey of the field, such as we customarily attempt at the turn of centuries and half centuries, is most effectively made in two articles, one on theory, one on practice. Conceive, if you please, that botany, horticulture, and greenhouse operation were all lumped together under the heading Plant Science, and you would have something of the same situation. Here we are concerned with theoretical developments and it is just here that we come up against the first problem. While it is true that no sharp line of demarcation exists between theory and practice, it is not too difficult to make a rough separation of the material on empirical grounds. This, however, does not provide a categorical answer to the question of just what, fundamentally, constitutes a theoretical development of Actuarial Science. Before attempting to answer this question, a brief review of the subject matter is useful in order to provide a point of departure. There is probably no better method of summarizing the content of actuarial theory than to list and comment on the subjects studied by beginners in the profession in the order that they are taken up in their course of study. After passing tests to assure himself of the adequacy of his formal mathematical equipment, which includes some training in finite differences and the theory of probability and mathematical statistics, the student at once plunges into the basic insurance mathematics generally known by the term "life contingencies." This subject presupposes the existence of a mortality table, which might be thought of as sprung fully computed from the head of Jove; it has been defined by the famous English actuary, George King, as "the instrument by means of which are measured the probabilities of life and the probabilities of death." From this table are derived the net premiums and reserves for the various forms of life insurance policies as well as the expectation of life and the solution to population problems. The student is then led into the intricacies of working with multiple decrement tables, which enable him to handle the effect of sickness, withdrawal,


In the present study the accumulation of Pb and Cd in maize seedlings (Zea mays L., cv. K33 x F2) and its effect on the content of Ca in their organs were investigated. The influence of both metals on dry weight yield was also studied. Concentrations of Pb, Cd and Ca were measured in 15 mm-long apical root segments as well as in whole mesocotyls and coleoptiles after 24 h of incubation of seedlings in hydroponic solutions. It was observed that in Pb- or Cd-treated maize seedlings the dry weight of root apical segments was markedly increased, whereas in the shoots it was less affected. It was also found that the content of both metals in maize seedling organs rose with increasing concentrations of Pb or Cd in the hydroponic solutions. The highest concentrations of both metals were observed in roots, in which the accumulation of Pb was 10-fold higher than that of Cd. By contrast, higher accumulation of Cd than Pb was found in mesocotyl and coleoptile. These data suggest that the mechanisms of Pb and Cd translocation from roots to shoots are different and that the accumulation of Ca in roots and its translocation to shoots was less affected by Pb than Cd.