Eco-hydrological processes in the earth surface system reveal the ecological pattern of hydrological and ecological processes change mechanism, and reflect the development and evolution processes of the earth surface system. The ecological hydrological processes were simulated in the study using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model, which is developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS). First, the space and attribute databases model required were constructed. Secondly, based on digital elevation model (DEM) the hydrological parameters were calculated, including determine the grid cell flow, calculate the unit catchment area, divided watershed boundaries, generate river nets, divide sub-basin. Based on the parameter sensitivity analysis, the eco-hydrological process simulation was completed through the model calibration and validation. Then the potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, soil water, water yield and other eco-hydrological parameters were selected for analysis. The results show that trends of potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration in study region are consistent, and the values are almost the same. Monthly soil water is between 150mm and 200mm, and strict correspondence to precipitation. It is a certain correlation between soil water content and evapotranspiration. When soil water content is low, evapotranspiration is small, but there is about two months of the time lag. The characteristics of ecological and hydrological processes in study region show typical southeast coast in China.


Southern Thailand: The Dynamics of Conflict Preliminary pages Introduction Muslims in Southern Thailand Peaceful Decades Return of Violence "Traditional" Southern Problems Religion and the Insurgency Separatists, Terrorists, and Militants Conclusion Endnotes Bibliography Appendix: Major Incidents in Southern Thailand since December 24, 2001 Project Information: Internal Conflicts and State-Building Challenges in Asia.


In the crystalline system groundwater circulate through fractures and fissures. Geophysical methods are commonly used to investigate. In this paper we present the preliminary results of a geoelectrical survey conducted at Barro Branco sub basin, Sao Jose do Uba county. We collected geoelectrical data at 3 profiles. Data were processed and interpreted with a 1D inversion scheme. Two main aquifer system were identified: sedimentary and cristalline.


31 32 This paper investigates the feasibility of imaging the movement of water into partially saturated concrete using 33 electrical resistance tomography (ERT). With this technique, the spatial distribution of electrical resistance 34 within the concrete sample was acquired from 4-point electrical measurements obtained on its surface. As the 35 ingress of water influences the electrical properties of the concrete, it is shown that ERT can assist in monitoring 36 and visualising water movement within concrete. To this end, the difference-imaging technique was used to 37 obtain a qualitative representation of moisture distribution within concrete during the initial 20-hour absorption. 38 It is shown that the technique also enables the influence of surface damage to be studied. 39 40


I have known Donald Trump for over 20 years and don't believe that he would be trying to make a deal with Russia at the expense of Poland – a famous journalist Rita Cosby says in an interview for "Wprost".


Short-duration incoherent xenon light exposure has been used to remove the ion implantation damage in phosphorus implanted single crystal and polycrystalline silicon. The influence of implantation parameters (18-39 keV, 1015-1016 ions/cm2) and annealing parameters (950-1000°C for 10 sec) on the quality of the doped layers has been investigated by measurements of sheet resistivity and by ion channeling experiments. Solar cells made from implanted and annealed samples of both materials have been characterized by spectral response measurements and recording of AM1 current-voltage characteristics. Optimal process parameters are discussed.


In this paper we describe an emotional human-machine interface as an anthropomorphic social agent which is able to comprehend emotions and react to emotional stimuli. We propose a neurobiologically inspired agent implementation that is based on mechanics of chemical and physiological processes within human brain. Implementation of model features simulation of neuromodulators such as dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline. Demonstration of emotions is achieved via combining aforementioned neuromodulators in different proportions. The Lȍvheim cube of emotions is used for this purpose. We also cover the topic of "uncanny valley" phenomenon. In conclusion of this paper we reached understanding of connection between mimics and motivation of individual. We have constructed realistic computation model which allows us to visualize agent's mimics in sync with his speech.


ABSTRACT Populism is a contested concept. In this conclusion we do not want to rehearse these contestations. Rather, we re-emphasize: the extent of the threat that populism poses for liberal democracy; the failure of most mainstream Economists and Political Science to understand the nature of the threat; and the putative ways of renewing democracy.


Salmonellae are among the most common and the major causative agents of diarrhea in calves and humans. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify Salmonella in fecal samples of calves in industrial dairy farms of Hamedan and to determine antibiotic resistance profiles of the probable isolates. Methods: Salmonella were presumptively isolated based on the cultural characteristics and biochemical tests, and the identity of the isolates was further confirmed using genus- and serotype-specific PCR assays. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was performed to determine antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates. Results: Out of 120 stool samples collected from 8 industrial farms, 22 (18.33%) isolates possessing rfbJ , fliC and fljB genes were identified as Salmonella Typhimurium serotype. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed all isolates (100%) were susceptible to gentamicin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, kanamycin, and ciprofloxacin and resistant against cotrimoxazole, cefazolin, and cefixime. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study was the first report of Salmonella infection in Hamedan's dairy farms, indicating a relatively high prevalence rate of S . Typhimurium infection as the only detected serotype. Antibiotic resistance should also be considered a severe public health concern. Thus, effective hygiene measures should be adopted to prevent or reduce the infection, and monitoring antibiotic susceptibility is required to choose the drug of choice for treatment.


The seat to head vibration transmissibility depends on various characteristics of the seat and the human body. One of these, is the contact interaction, which transmits vibrational energy from the seat to the body. To enhance ride comfort, seat designers should be able to accurately simulate seat contact without the need for extensive experiments. Here, the contact area, pressure, friction and seat and body deformation in compression and shear play a significant role. To address these challenges, the aim of this paper is to define appropriate contact models to improve the prediction capabilities of a seated human body model with regards to experimental data. A computationally efficient multibody (MB) model is evaluated interacting with finite element (FE) and MB backrest models, using several contact models. Outcomes are evaluated in the frequency domain for 3D vibration transmission from seat to pelvis, trunk, head and knees. Results illustrate that both FE and MB backrest models allowing compression and shear provide realistic results.


D. T. WHITESIDE, the editor of Newton's collected mathematical works, has recently described how Newton's creative intellect suddenly burst forth in a scarcely controlled blaze and how his mathematical spirit, till then dormant, took fire in the magical year 1664. Dr Whiteside knows Newton and his mathematics better than anybody else, but all the same we are left not a little bewildered. How could Newton in a few months acquire such mastery of mathematical tools and techniques and such insight into the relevant literature that he might compete with and even outstrip the foremost mathematicians of his time? There may be holes in our knowledge of Newton's early mathematics. If they cannot be filled, an investigation of Newton's other scientific pursuits seems called for. This is most easily done in optics where Newton's own 'historicall narration' describes his birth as an experimental scientist, or rather it describes how Newton wished to appear to the world. To quote from the letter (2) Newton sent to Oldenburg and the Royal Society in January 1672:


Be aimed at the situation that the safety velocity of young concrete under blasting vibration loading was usually determined only by engineering experience, a theoretical method to determine safety velocity of young concrete under blasting vibration loading is proposed in this paper, through calculating of distribution of vibration velocity and dynamic strain in young foundation concrete caused by blasting seismic (Rayleigh wave) and analyzing of the ultimate tensile strain of young concrete. Results of theoretical analysis and calculated example show that the proposed method is both reasonable and feasible, the younger the concrete and the higher the degree of restraint from rock foundation are, the lower the safety vibration velocity of young concrete is permitted. The safety vibration velocity for young foundation concrete adopted in our country is of enough safety.


This paper deals with the flexural free vibrations of circular strip foundation with the variable breadth on Pasternak soil. The breadth of strip varies with the linear functional fashion, which is symmetric about the mid-arc. Differential equations governing flexural free vibrations of such strip foundation are derived, in which the elastic soil with the shear layer, i.e. Pasternak soil, is considered. Effects of the rotatory and shear deformation are included in the governing equations. Differential equations are numerically solved to calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes. In the numerical examples, the hinged-hinged, hinged-clamped and clamped-clamped end constraints are considered. Four lowest frequency parameters accompanied with their corresponding mode shapes are reported and parametric studies between frequency parameters and various system parameters are investigated.


Abstract The South African independent artists have struggled to reach the right consumer and optimally utilise digital distribution through social media. This is in large due to the segmented nature of the South African consumer. A case study analysis of Rymklets Republiek was performed. They are a niche market digital distributor with a key focus on Afrikaans hip hop and independent artists. The relationship between the digital distributor, independent artist and website visitors is analysed, because it is believed that a digital distributor with a niche market focus offers greater benefit to the independent artist. This study aims to improve the understanding of the benefits that niche market digital distributors can provide independent artists with from their activities and in turn provide growth for the artists brand and popularity by being associated with it. Segmentation between cultural and the target market's income bracket will provide the independent artist clear insight into understanding how to reach the right consumer and use this information to create a sustainable revenue source through sale of their music. It is argued that for South African independent artists, the concept of 'going viral' is detrimental to their earning potential. It is recommended that through the establishment of enterprise models (brands) designed to attract the right consumer leveraging existing technologies, their earning potential would increase.


The process of damage identification in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) gives us a lot of practical information about the current status of the inspected structure. The target of the process is to detect damage status by processing data collected from sensors, followed by identifying the difference between the damaged and the undamaged states. Different machine learning techniques have been applied to attempt to extract features or knowledge from vibration data, however, they need to learn prior knowledge about the factors affecting the structure. In this paper, a novel method of structural damage detection is proposed using convolution neural network and recurrent neural network. A convolution neural network is used to extract deep features while recurrent neural network is trained to learn the long-term historical dependency in time series data. This method with combining two types of features increases discrimination ability when compares with it to deep features only. Finally, the neural network is applied to categorize the time series into two states - undamaged and damaged. The accuracy of the proposed method was tested on a benchmark dataset of Z24-bridge (Switzerland). The result shows that the hybrid method provides a high level of accuracy in damage identification of the tested structure.


In this paper, the shrinkage behaviour of compacted unsaturated soils are examined. Different shrinkage levels are achieved by subjecting the soils to equilibrium moisture contents under different humidity and temperatures. Volumetric shrinkage path of compacted unsaturated soils is just parallel to normal shrinkage path of saturated soils, indicating similarity in behaviour. The shrinkage limit is apparently unaffected by the path of shrinkage, whether saturated or unsaturated. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 881647.


Provided is a furniture hinge (2) with at least two fitting parts (3, 4) for fixing to furniture parts (1a, 1b), one of the fitting parts (3, 4) being designed as a hinge arm (3) and at least one joint lever (7a) which pivots during the hinge movement and a rotation damper (10) for damping a hinge movement, wherein a slide (9), movably mounted on the hinge arm (3) may be driven by the pivotable joint lever (7a) and the slide (9) acts on the rotation damper (10) by means of a transmission mechanism (T).


Wellness indicates the state or condition of being in good physical and mental health. Stress is a common state of emotional strain that plays a crucial role in the everyday quality of life. Nowadays, there is a growing individual awareness of the importance of a proper lifestyle and a generalized trend to become an active part in monitoring, preserving, and improving personal wellness for both physical and emotional aspects. The majority studies in this field relies on the evaluation of the changes of sensed parameters passing from rest to "maximal" stress. However, the vast majority of people usually experiences stressing circumstances in everyday life. This led us to investigate the impact of mild cognitive activation which can be somehow comparable to usual situations that everyone can face in daily life. Several signals and data can be useful to characterize the state of a person, but not all of them are equally important. So it is crucial to analyse the mutual relevance of the different pieces of information. In this work we focus on a subset of well-established psychophysical descriptors and we identified a set of devices enabling the measurement of these parameters . The design of the experimental setup and the selection of sensing devices were driven by qualitative criteria such as intrusiveness, reliability, and ease of use. These are deemed crucial for implementing effective (self-)monitoring strategies. A reference dataset, named "Mild Cognitive Activation" (MCA), was collected. The last aim of the project was the definition of a quantitative model for data integration providing a concise description of the wellness status of a person. This process was based on unsupervised learning paradigms. Data from MCA were integrated with data from the "Stress Recognition in Automobile Drivers" dataset . This allowed a cross validation of the integration methodology.


Many researchers recently paid attention to applying deep learning to collaborative recommendation. Especially, RNN(Recurrent Neural Network)-based recommender system was shown to learn users' interest and preference from temporal sequences of users' movie consumption records, and they could make better recommendation compared to conventional collaborative recommendation. In this work, we present an embedding-weight tying approach to RNN-based recommendation in order to improve the performance of movie recommender system more. In experiments, our approach outperforms existing RNN-based recommendation as well as currently popular collaborative recommendation in terms of short-term prediction success(sps) and recall.


The coordination structure of aluminum in magnesium aluminum hydroxide was studiedby 27Al NMR. The result showed that tetrahedral aluminum (AlⅣ) existed in magnesiumaluminum hydroxide, and the contents of AlⅣ increased with the increase of the ratio of Al/Mg andwith the peptizing temperature. AlⅣ originated from the so-called Al13 polymer with the structureof one Al tetrahedron surrounded by twelve Al octahedrons.


In current scenario of agriculture soil borne diseases are of great concern and these are responsible for major crop loss. There is a worldwide need to control the diseases as well as to maintain the quality and abundance of food feed and fodder for the human beings as well as cattles. To overcome this problem different approaches are used to prevent, mitigate or control the plant diseases. Besides depending on synthetic chemicals researches are still going on to search the alternative inputs of biological control. Therefore, in the present study effect of heavy metals and Trichoderma spp. on the growth of microorganism was investigated. Four phytopathogens Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, Helminthosporium oryzae and Aspergillus species. Were used against Manganese chloride, Mercuric chloride, Copper sulfate, Zinc sulfate, Cadmium sulfate and Cobalt chloride. Morphological alternations and various degree of growth inhibition were reported during this study.


Selected meteorological data were collected at a study site adjacent to a low-level radioactive-waste burial facility near Beatty, Nevada, for calendar year 1986. Data were collected in support of an ongoing study to estimate the potential for downward movement of radionuclides into the unsaturated sediments beneath waste-burial trenches at the facility. The data include air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure, incident solar radiation, windspeed, wind direction, and precipitation. The data are summarized in tables and graphs. A discussion of the instrumentation used at the site is presented. Included in the discussion are the type of sensors, their reported accuracy, and mounting height of each sensor. The minimum hourly air temperature was -6.4 °C, in February. The maximum air temperature was 42.6 °C, in August. Monthly wind direction patterns are shown in a series of diagrams in which wind direction is summed over 10-degree arcs from hourly averaged data. Total precipitation for 1986 was 75.5 mm, with almost 80 percent occurring during January-April and November-December. INTRODUCTION Meteorological data were collected near the low-level radioactivewaste burial facility near Beatty, Nev., in support of an ongoing study to estimate the potential for downward movement of radionuclides into the unsaturated sediments beneath waste-burial trenches at the facility (figure IB). This report presents and summarizes meteorological data collected for calendar year 1986. The meteorological data collected include air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure, incident solar radiation, windspeed, wind direction, and precipitation. The waste-burial facility on the Amargosa Desert, 17 km southeast of Beatty and 169 km northwest of Las Vegas, Nev. (figure 1A), has been operating since 1962. The disposal facility was the first commercially operated in the United States. Wastes at the facility are emplaced in 2to 15-m deep trenches and covered by back filling with previously excavated materials. The Amargosa Desert in the vicinity of the waste-burial facility is a northwest trending valley about 13 km wide. Vegetation is sparse, with creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) being the dominant species. The study site is situated in one of the most arid parts of the United States. Precipitation is highly variable. Mean annual precipitation is about 114 mm at Beatty (altitude, 1,005 m above sea level), and 74 mm at Lathrop Wells (altitude, 817 m) , 30 km southeast of the site (Nichols, 1987,, p. 15). No perennial streams are within 16 km of the site and the dry bed of Amargosa River is the principal drainage channel (figure 1A).


To establish the accurate shock load model is very important for power system stability simulation and analysis. This paper analyzes the characteristics of two typical shock loads:electrolytic aluminium and silicoferrite,and puts forward the criterion of start-up recording data using power tripping criterion for the equipment of shock load characteristic Then the strategy of shock load modeling based on measurement data is presented. Furthermore,this paper analyzes the reason of the effect of shock load on the power system. In light of the characteristics of shock load and the theory on load modeling,a new shock load model is proposed. This model is suitable for power system stability analysis. The test results show the shock load model can reflect the shock load characteristics more accurately. The application of the shock load model in the complex power grid is also discussed.


The invention specifically relates to a cement concrete strength promoter and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of building materials. The cement concrete strength promoter is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 10 to 60 parts of a cement mortar dehydrated phase, 15 to 70 parts of metakaolin, 1 to 50 parts of phosphogypsum, 0.1 to 5 parts of a water reducer and the like. According to the invention, since solid waste is used as a raw material, full and high-added value utilization of the solid waste is realized, and the prepared cement concrete strength promoter can effectively improve the strength of cement concrete at early, middle and later stages. The cement concrete strength promoter is used to substitute 5 to 15% of cement, and the strength of obtained cement concrete is improved by more than 40% in 28 d compared with the strength of reference concrete. The cement concrete strength promoter provided by the invention has the advantages of low cost for the raw materials and convenience in usage and can be extensively applied in rush-pair projects for ports and piers, highways, railways, bridges, airfield runways and the like.


In International Copyright Law and Access to Education in Developing Countries: Exploring Multilateral Legal and Quasi-Legal Solutions, Susan Isiko Strba demonstrates the challenge of access to printed copyrighted educational and research materials in developing countries and proposes institutional and normative solutions at national and international levels.


According to the World Health Organization (00:00CET 19 March 2020), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has invaded up to 150 countries/territories. With 17,361 confirmed cases and 1135 deaths, after China and Italy, Iran is the 3rd most affected country in the world and the first one in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [1].


One of the most promising blue laser diode structures is GaN / AlGaN heterostructure, which provides effective carrier and optical confinement. We have carried out analysis of GaN based channel substrate planer blue laser diode at 507 nm wavelength for better optical confinement to explore its applicability in optical storage. Our analysis reveals that higher order modes are not supported by thin active layer. However, active layer thickness of 0.23 micron supports fundamental transverse mode and mode 1. The change in geometry of channel region provides lateral guiding effects in a structure. It was found that an increase in channel depth causes increase of effective refractive index in non-linear manner. It is inferred from our analysis that an increase in Aluminium mole fraction in clad leads to an excellent confinement of near field intensity, which has been attributed to an increase of refractive index step. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of near field intensity was found to be 0.35 and 0.31 micron corresponding to Aluminium mole fractions of 5% and 15% respectively. Near field intensity distribution in channel waveguide (3D) along X and Y directions clearly shows confinement at the center of the active region.One of the most promising blue laser diode structures is GaN / AlGaN heterostructure, which provides effective carrier and optical confinement. We have carried out analysis of GaN based channel substrate planer blue laser diode at 507 nm wavelength for better optical confinement to explore its applicability in optical storage. Our analysis reveals that higher order modes are not supported by thin active layer. However, active layer thickness of 0.23 micron supports fundamental transverse mode and mode 1. The change in geometry of channel region provides lateral guiding effects in a structure. It was found that an increase in channel depth causes increase of effective refractive index in non-linear manner. It is inferred from our analysis that an increase in Aluminium mole fraction in clad leads to an excellent confinement of near field intensity, which has been attributed to an increase of refractive index step. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of near field intensity was found to be 0.35 and 0.31 mi...


ABSTRACT Phthalates, including phthalic acid (PA) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs), have wide application in industry and have become ubiquitous pollutants in the environment. However, the conventional activated sludge process cannot effectively treat recalcitrant phthalate wastewater. Bioaugmentation is one of the strategies for enhancement of the recalcitrant compounds degradation. A key ingredient for a successful bioaugmentation strategy is bioseeds selection.Phthalates, including phthalic acid (PA) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs), have wide application in industry and have become ubiquitous pollutants in the environment. However, the conventional activated sludge process cannot effectively treat recalcitrant phthalate wastewater. Bioaugmentation is one of the strategies for enhancement of the recalcitrant compounds degradation. A key ingredient for a successful bioaugmentation strategy is bioseeds selection. Phthalic acid-degrading aerobic granules (PA-degrading aerobic granules) were found to be potential bioseeds for PA and PAEs degradation based on the study of the formation and characteristics of PA-degrading aerobic granules. First, they can be formed and matured in three weeks at an OLR of 3.0 kg COD m d. Second, they provided high concentration of biomass which was certified to be useful for the degradation of PA and PAEs. They also can sustain as the high PA concentration as 4000 mg l. And their compact structures could provide protection for the functional cells in aerobic granules. For the first time, the PA-degrading aerobic granules were considered as bioseeds for enhancement of PA and PAEs' degradation. The rapid and easy formation of PA-degrading aerobic granules makes it feasible for further application. The bioaugmentation strategy using PA-degrading aerobic granules as bioseeds has been successfully applied in phthalate degradation. The performances were investigated under different operation conditions, from the low organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.5 kg COD m d to the high OLR of12.4 kg COD m d, and from the biodegradable di-methyl phthalate (DMP) wastewater to the recalcitrant di-butyl phthalate (DBP) wastewater. The highest PA degradation OLR achieved by a PA-degrading aerobic granular system was 12.4 kg COD m d, with the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency higher than 97.2%. When degrading DMP, the system innoculated with PA-degrading aerobic granules can reach steady state in 15 days at an OLR of 3.0 kg COD m d. The highest OLR of 6.0 kg COD m d can be achieved by PA-degrading aerobic granules with a DMP removal efficiency of 100%. For the recalcitrant compound DBP, the system innoculated I ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library


Recent developments in the domain of information and communication technology (ICT), and its impact on the facilitation of knowledge management (KM), are critical in today's digital economy. This research study, through extensive literature reviews, identified constructs for the implementation of KM systems in order to study the effect of ICT on the implementation of KM in a business environment. The mixed-mode methodology was adopted to explore the effects of ICT on KM implementations, via a survey instrument developed through interviews. Through 80 organisations, 400 usable surveys were collected and used. The findings of this this study suggest that constructs such as "collaboration", "mutual trust", "leadership", "learning", incentive and rewards", and "T-shape skills" have the potential to support KM in the business environment. However, constructs such as "formalization" and "non-centralization" are not critical. This is the first study of its kind and the findings are associated only with four cities in India. Further research is required before generalizing the findings of this study.


Work was devoted to studying changes of immune response indicator levels at the initial stages of the infection caused by L.monocytogenes in dependence on quantity and properties of infecting bacteria. The obtained results showed that L.monocytogenes is capable to suppress the basic for elimination of intracellular parasites Th1 type of the immune answer at the initial stages of infection. Our research is important for understanding of degree of infringements of immunity during infection caused by L. monocytogenes, and further for working out of approaches to a choice of tactics for listeriosis treatment and, it is possible other diseases caused by intracellular bacteria.


The purpose of the paper is to present developments that have taken place in the area of controlled sampling. The article first deals with one dimensional controlled sampling plans based on combinatorics of experimental designs and linear programming approaches. Some special classes of controlled sampling plans namely balanced sampling plans avoiding adjacent units and distance balanced sampling plans are discussed. An overview of two or more-dimensional controlled sampling plans is also given. Some statistical applications of controlled sampling are discussed in brief.


In recent years, COVID-19 has been regarded as the most dangerous pandemic for several countries. On various social media platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, a variety of rumours, hypes, and news are published. This might have a detrimental impact on people's life. As a result, social media platforms have always had a difficult time authenticating this fake information. Different machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) classifiers were used in this work to categorize the continuing impacts of tweets and forecast their after-effects. Support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) were used for classification, while AdaBoost and convolutional neural network (CNN) were utilized for future effects. The tweets dataset from Kaggle was used to train the SVM, RF, KNN, and DT models, which were then assessed on multiple evaluation criteria such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, using a 70 : 30 ratio. The CNN and AdaBoost, on the other hand, have been taught to detect the mean square error, root mean square error, and mean absolute error. With 0.74 and 0.73 percent score out of 1, respectively, RF and SVM exhibit the best accuracy in impact when classifying the outcomes on the obtained dataset. In terms of a regression problem, CNN beat the ADA Regressor across the board.


Based on the energy conservation equation and continuity equation of electron,the disturbance amplitude of ionospheric electron temperature and density by high power radio wave were simulated by using the International Reference Ionosphere(IRI-2007)and the neutral atmospheric model(NRLMSISE-00)to provide background parameters.And the effects of ionospheric disturbances under different heating conditions are compared.The results show that the terrestrial ionosphere plasma can be heated by powerful high-frequency radio waves,which can result in the rising of the temperature of electron;and furthermore,the increase in the collision frequency and the decrease in the loss rate of electron,induce the modification of electron density.The perturbation amplitude of electron temperature and density over the heating time decreases,which gradually becomes saturated.The characteristic saturation time of electron temperature isμs,while it is ms for the electron density.Under the under-dense heating condition,X wave is more easily absorbed than O wave.


— Hurricanes cause devastating amounts of damage to structures and infrastructure. It harms especially those coastal residents along its track. Over the last couple of years, evacuation planning for populated coastal regions has been challenging and time-consuming due to the uncertainty of the hurricane's track. As such, with a focus on Northwest Florida, this research aims to focus on the development of evacuation scenarios for coastal communities that combines hurricane inundation and strong wind forecast and evacuation modeling. The proposed approach integrates storm surge simulation models (ADCIRC and SWAN modeling) and traffic evacuation models (Cube and TIME) by using hurricane forecasting datasets to explore the designation of evacuation zones and the calculation of evacuation clearance times in different counties. This approach was applied to three distinct scenarios with a focus on possible populated coastal cities that Hurricane Michael would have hit in 2018. Selected cities are Pensacola, Destin, and Panama City. This type of approach has the potential to help agencies make more informed decisions on evacuations using the accuracy and timeliness of forecasts and provide safer evacuations in coastal areas by avoiding the traffic jams on evacuation routes.


This paper proposes a method to detect the boundary surface with continuously changed gradient magnitudes from 3D biomedical images. Instead of selecting a constant gradient threshold, which sometimes cannot correctly separate such boundary surfaces from 3D images, the proposed method adaptively computes different local gradient thresholds in different local regions and uses them to detect different boundary surface patches. Using such scheme, the proposed method not only can well detect those boundary surfaces with uniformly high gradient magnitudes, but also can effectively detect the boundary surfaces with continuously varied gradient magnitudes from low to high. The performance of the method is illustrated by many examples from different 3D biomedical images.


Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) is a technique by which sounds paired with learned information can be used to cue neural reactivation of that information during sleep. While TMR in slow-wave sleep (SWS) has been shown to strengthen procedural memories, it is unclear whether TMR in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, a state strongly associated with motor consolidation, provides equivalent benefit. Furthermore, it is unclear whether this technique influences dominant and non-dominant hands equally. We applied TMR of a two-handed serial reaction time task (SRTT) during either SWS or REM in thirty-two human right handed adults (sixteen female) to examine the impact of stimulation in each sleep stage on right (dominant) and left hands. While TMR in SWS led to strong benefits in reaction times and sequence-specific skill, equivalent cueing in REM led to no benefit at all, suggesting that reactivation in this sleep stage is not important for the SRTT. Event-related potentials elicited by TMR cues for left and right hand movements differed significantly in REM, but not SWS, showing that these cues are at least processed in REM. Interestingly, TMR benefits were apparent only in the non-dominant hand, potentially due to the weaker performance measured in this hand at the outset. Overall, these findings suggest that memory replay in SWS, but not REM, is important for consolidation of the SRTT, and TMR-cued consolidation is stronger in the non-dominant hand. Significance statement Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) in sleep leads to memory consolidation, but many aspects of this process remain to be understood. We used TMR of a bimanual serial reaction time task to show that behavioural benefit is only observed after stimulation in SWS, even though electrophysiology shows that the TMR cues are processed in REM. Importantly, TMR selectively benefitted the non-dominant hand. These findings suggest that TMR in REM does not benefit this serial reaction time task, and that TMR in SWS preferentially consolidates weaker memory traces relating to the non-dominant hand.


The acoustic almost-cyclostationary signal emitted by a moving aircraft is modeled as an oscillatory almost-cyclostationary process when it is received by a stationary listener. Its autocorrelation function is constituted by the superposition of angle-modulated sinewaves, where the angle modulation is consequence of the time-varying delay due to the relative motion between aircraft and listener. Conditions under which the source almost-cyclostationary signal can be recovered by the received signal by time de-warping are established. Thus, cyclic features of the source signal carrying information on aircraft parameters are estimated by classical cyclic spectral analysis.


A histological method was demonstrated for the microscopic analysis of granules from upflow-anaerobic-sludge-blanket (UASB) reactors. Granules were first fixed with formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin, before being sectioned by a microtone to a thickness of 3–5 pm. The section was then mounted on a glass slide for microscopic examination using phase contrast and epi-fluorescent excitation. Using this simple method, the microstructure of the granules and the distribution of methanogenic bacteria could be analyzed. Over 100 granules from UASB reactors treating sucrose wastewaters were examined. Microscopic photos showed that the granules had a surface layer comprised of hydrogen-consuming methanogenic cocci and bacilli, and a loosely packed interior, mainly comprised of acetotrophic \IMethanothrix\N. This simple method provides engineers with a practical tool for studying the microstructure of the granules, the mechanisms of their formation, and kinetic modeling.


With dilation 2, congestion 2, expansion 3/2, and load 1, this short paper first presents a parallel method for embedding a pyramid with height n, P(subscript n), for n≥2, into a (2n-1)-dimensional hypercube, H(subscript 2n-1), in O(n) time. With dilation 2, congestion 2(superscript n-t)+3(or 2(superscript n-t+1)+2), and load [2(superscript 2n-k)/3] when 0≤k=2t (or k=2t-1)≤2n-2, our proposed parallel method is further extended to map P(subscript n) into H(subscript k) with load balancing in O(k) time.


Outlines various positive achievements by the British Library during 1994. Suggests that for the British Library, 1994 was marked by continuing controversies over the new St Pancras building. Discusses the arguments surrounding the St Pancras development in relation to three documents issued during 1994. The hostility of the British Library Regular Readers Group to losing the Round Reading Room in Bloomsbury was reexpressed in a new edition of its pamphlet. The whole project was examined by the National Heritage Committee; discusses its conclusions. Finally, the chairman of the British Library Board, Sir Anthony Kenny, produced a pamphlet outlining the background to the development of the new British Library building, its present state and future prospects. Discusses this in relation to the other documents and development of British Library policy.


BACKGROUND: Tumor cells have been detected in mobilized peripheral blood of breast cancer patients, and they may contribute to tumor recurrence after the transplantation of peripheral blood progenitor cells. One of the most widespread technologies for tumor purging of the graft is immunomagnetic hematopoietic progenitor cell selection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The study assessed the effectiveness of a magnetic cell‐separation system in selecting functional subpopulations of hematopoietic progenitors from 14 blood‐derived harvests of 11 patients with high‐risk breast cancer after mobilization following cytotoxic chemotherapy supported by granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor, as well as the feasibility of transplanting these selected subpopulations. RESULTS: CD34(+)‐enriched cell fractions had a median purity of 93.0 percent (72.7‐98.5%). The procedure yielded 52.6 percent of the CD34+ cell input (39.4‐116.8%). Median recoveries of colony‐forming units (CFUs) (36.87%) and cobblestone area‐forming cells (CAFCs) (152.5%) were, respectively, 0.70 and 2.87 times those of CD34+ cells (52.6%). Moreover, CAFC efficiency in the positive cell fraction was 2.57 times that in the starting cell fraction. Peripheral blood neutrophil counts of 0.5 × 10(9) per L and platelet counts of 20 × 10(9) per L were reached after median times of 9 and 11 days, respectively. The number of transfused CAFCs per kg, CD34+ cells per kg, and postthaw CFU‐ granulocyte‐macrophage per kg was correlated, respectively, with the speed of engraftment of neutrophils, platelets, or both. Tumor cells detected in one patient's peripheral blood were not found after CD34+ cell selection. CONCLUSION: Transplantation of immunomagnetically purified peripheral blood CD34+ cells does not increase transplantation‐ related morbidity. It induces a selective enrichment of more immature hematopoietic progenitors, which makes it suitable for use in cell expansion and gene therapy protocols.


INTRODUCTION Water is essential to life, but that is not what makes it unique. Water is unique for a variety of reasons, including its physical and chemical structure, as well as its geographic distribution throughout the earth. Water can also take many forms. Sometimes it falls from the sky, sometimes it is deep underground, sometimes it is a placid lake, and sometimes it is high waves in an expansive ocean. Water also makes up more than half of the human body. (1) Because it is essential to life, water regulation comes within the purview of the government's fundamental responsibility to provide for people's health, safety, and welfare. While there is a nationwide, overarching federal structure that pursues the goal of clean water, most efforts to provide clean water are seen at the local level. This paper looks at how local governments work to provide clean and safe water supplies while balancing the demands of fairness, justice, and conservation ethics. To examine this balancing effort, this paper will look at the municipality of Chapel Hill, North Carolina. This paper is organized into three parts. Part I looks at water quality, which is underpinned by two basic federal statutes, the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). (2) Those broad national laws are supplemented and given effect by more refined state and local rules and implementation strategies. Part II, titled Water Equity, will discuss fairness and justice in water availability. Water equity has long been at the core of disputes in a variety of areas, especially agriculture, but Part II will focus on water equity among individual consumers. Part III concerns water conservation, not only in terms of environmental ethics but also as it is connected both with water quality and water equity. For example, water conservation may have a long-term benefit of lowering the cost of water delivery while increasing prices for consumers in the short- term. I. WATER QUALITY Federal and state laws set the framework for achieving water quality. The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the premier federal statute for achieving water quality. It is a voluminous and complex document that establishes a system which deals with both point source pollution and nonpoint source pollution. (3) The CWA requires point sources of pollution, including wastewater treatment facilities and stormwater pipes, to obtain National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits. (4) An NPDES sets standards for effluent quality. (5) Although the CWA is a federal law, it is premised on cooperative federalism, which is the notion that the states and federal government should cooperatively manage efforts to clean and maintain the nation's waters. (6) Under the CWA, the federal government typically delegates implementation responsibility to the states. (7) In North Carolina, the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), Division of Water Resources, is responsible for issuing NPDES permits. (8) Water quality is also regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). (9) Under the SDWA, water providers must treat drinking water to ensure that it is up to quality standards, run tests to insure those standards are met, and periodically publish water quality information to the public. (10) A. Structuring Water Management Systems Under its police powers, the government has the authority to provide for the general health and safety of society. (11) Local governments manage water supplies through their police powers. However, local governments manage water supplies in different ways. In some cases a local government will opt out and allow private owners to manage water supplies, but it is often the case that a public entity is at least somewhat involved in providing water and wastewater services. (12) For example, a municipality may have a water department as part of its general governance. (13) Other municipalities create a water utility. …


In this article the question of finding the best constant in a Hardy–Sobolev inequality is addressed. The inequality under investigation gives the possibility to bound a weighted norm of a function u, with a weight that depends only on a group of variables, in terms of the Lp -norm of its gradient. A complete answer is obtained in a special case.


Partial closure of the distal femoral epiphyseal plate and a secondary varus deformity occurred consistently in twelve-week-old puppies after partial resection of the medial femoral condyle. After production of closure in the manner described, the resultant osseous bridges in sixty-four limbs were then resected and the cut surfaces (bone and growth plate) were covered with either silicone adhesive, isobutyl cyanoacrylate, or Silastic No. 382. With observation periods of up to twelve weeks, only the silicone-rubber implants consistently prevented osseous-bridge reformation and therefore prevented further angular deformities. It was essential that the silicone implant remain in direct contact with the entire plate during the period of observation.


This paper discusses the predominance in the corporation and puts forward three goals that the Institute of Planning must achieved by knowledge,it also advises the measure that the Institute of Planning should adopt during the course of applying the knowledge management.


4,7-Di(p-alkoxyphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazoles having linear alkyl chains were prepared by the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole with the corresponding p-alkoxyphenylboronic acids. All compounds exhibited stable crystalline phase 1 (Cr1), quasi-stable polycrystalline phase 2 (Cr2), smectic liquid crystalline phase (A and C), and isotropic liquid. By conventional time-of-flight measurement using N2 laser, the hole mobility of benzothiadiazole derivatives was evaluated to be about 1 × 10−1 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the Cr1 phase, while the hole mobility of these in the smectic phases was on the order of 10−4–10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1. From a powder X-ray diffraction analysis, it was demonstrated that the interlayer spacing in the Cr1 phase was smaller than those in the smectic A and C phases. Microscopy observation of the polycrystalline films showed that the films in the Cr1 phase had less grain boundary structure. The high hole mobility of the benzothiadiazole derivatives in the Cr1 phase may be due to their small interlayer spacing and less grain boundary structure.


AbstractUrban sprawl is one of the dominant types of urban development in the world. Although outer growth started from the outset of cities, urban researchers, planners and policy makers are highly concerned about its current extent. Recent development of the Baltic cities and especially trends of their suburban growth have been analysed only partly, because of the relative novelty of the phenomenon and well-established dominance of western cities in the field. This paper attempts to fill this gap and presents a research on conditions and consequences of extensive development of Lithuanian cities. Evidences from the recent growth of the Baltic cities show that decline and sprawl take place simultaneously in major urban regions with possible long-term consequences on their spatial structure. Therefore, this article advocates a need to revise urban policy in the Baltic countries and promote coordinated development of urban and suburban areas in the context of prevailing negative demographic trends and limi...


The various factors that can influence a person's rise through an organization are discussed. The responsibility that must be assumed by the employee in this regard is stressed. Those seeking advancement must not only be able to work with others; they must also embody the core values of the organization. The employee must be able to honestly assess his or her qualifications and shortcomings. The guidance that can be provided by a particular ASCE publication on career development is described.


Suni-bug ( Eurygaster spp.) attack to wheat preharvest and inject proteolytic enzymes which harm the baking properties of the flour. Dough made from suni-damaged wheat has sticky and runny due to excessive insect proteolytic activity and kneading is difficult. Insect proteolytic activity can inhibit according to damage degrees of wheat about 70 oC for 1-5 minutes by steam-tempering. This study was carried out in three different grouped commercial wheat blends including control (0 damage %), 4% (±1) damage and 9% (±3) according to suni-bug damage. All samples were milled experimental Chopin CD - 1 Mill at 20 oC temperature and 15.5% moisture. The damage samples were subjected to steam with about 70 oC by the periods 2, 3 and 6 minutes. The temperature of samples ranged from 62 oC to 66 oC during steam - tempering. The tempering process in this study was applied incontinually. In this study changes of some parameters such as total protein, in 70% alcohol (gliadin) and insoluble in 0.05 M acetic acid (residue or glutenin) protein fractions and, farinograph values in suni-bug damage wheat by steam tempering were investigated. The soluble protein (gliadin) content in 70% alcohol of the samples have decreased by steam-tempering. On the other hand, residue protein (mainly glutenin) content has increased. Farinograph stability and development time values of the samples have increased after application of steam-tempering. However farinograph mixing tolerance indexes values are decreased by steam-tempering. These results indicated that the dough rheological properties are improved, accompanied by changes of insoluble protein in acetic acid due to application steam-tempering in suni- damaged wheat.


There is no city in North America that has a greater opportunity to create economic prosperity for many in the way Toronto does. If we don't keep our eye on how to take advantage of the benefits, we risk squandering that opportunity. Let's take stock of Toronto. We're booming. Toronto is one of the top cities in North America in the number of construction projects on the go. People are choosing to move to our city in staggering numbers—roughly 120,000 people per year make Toronto their home. We have a financial sector that is one of the most sophisticated in the world, a tech sector whose market growth is second only to Silicon Valley, and the potential to have the fifth largest human health sciences cluster on the planet within the next ten years. The challenge that Canada has, and Toronto has most acutely, is that opportunity is not shared as well as it could be. This is particularly true for our city's underrepresented communities—particularly youth and newcomers to Canada. Toronto has an overall unemployment rate of 6.7 per cent. Unemployment rates for youth and newcomers, however, stand at an unacceptably high 18 per cent and 20 per cent respectively. At the Toronto Region Board of Trade, I work with 12,000 different business leaders, many of whom tell me they are desperate because they simply cannot fill all the positions they have available.


A philosopher once wrote the following words: If I examine the PTOLOMAIC and COPERNICAN systems, I endeavour only, by my enquiries, to know the real situation of the planets; that is, in other words, I endeavour to give them, in my conception, the same relations, that they bear towards each other in the heavens. To this operation of the mind, therefore, there seems to be always a real, though often an unknown standard, in the nature of things; nor is truth or falsehood variable by the various apprehensions of mankind. Though all human race should for ever conclude, that the sun moves, and the earth remains at rest, the sun stirs not an inch from his place for all these reasonings; and such conclusions are eternally false and erroneous.


THE advances made in production and application of plastics in Germany during the war period 1939-1945 were investigated in all the important centers of plastics research and development in that country, including the plants of I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. in Ludwigshafen, Leverkusen, Uerdingen, Hoehst, and Gendorf; Dynamit A.G. in Troisdorf/Koln; Rohm and Haas A.G. in Darmstadt; Dr. Alexander Wacker G.m.b.H. in Munich and Burghausen; Th. Goldschmidt A.G. in Essen; and Gunther-Wagner in Hannover. German manufacturing processes and fabricating techniques are well advanced. Their engineers have placed great emphasis on development of continuous processes for the preparation of the raw materials and their conversion into plastics. Four methods of polymerization have been utilized: block or mass, emulsion, pearl or granular, and solution. Their plastic materials are as diversified as our own, but production is generally on a smaller scale than in the United States. Particularly interesting are the various copo...


Kunun -zaki is a popular traditional non alcoholic drink value for its high refreshing quality, sweet -sour taste and high viscosity value. The major unit operations in processing include washing, steeping, wet milling, sieving, mixing, cooking, cooling and fermentation. This study evaluated the nutritional, sensory and microbiological quality of kunuzaki using Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) substituted with milk extract of sprouted Africa bread fruit (ABF) seed at 0-25% levels. The results obtained from substitution at 25% level increased the protein and ash content while carbohydrate and moisture content were reduced significantly (p< 0.05%). pH, titratable acidity and total solid ranged were 4.124.37; 2.18-2.26 (g/ml) and 14.98-17.98 (%) respectively in all the substituted ABF kunun-zaki. Total viable counts of microbial load were in the range of (1.65-2.41, 1.68-2.66 and 33.4-42.5) x10 cfu/ml for kununzaki stored for 1, 10 and 15 days at 7 C respectively. Control sample had lowest viable count throughout the storage periods than the ABF substituted samples. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the sensory attributes with regards to taste and flavor of control at 25% substitution level. General acceptability of the scores of the products increased from 6.87 to 7.40 with the increased in the level of ABF substituted in kunun-zaki production.


THE piece of advice given by our RE co-ordinator that I remember the most is; 'When planning an RE scheme of work do not get bogged down by writing'.


Abstract. A large, focally extensive tumour was observed on the posterior aspect of the head of a 14 year-old paddlefish, Polyodon spathula (Walbaum), taken from Lake of the Ozarks, Missouri, USA. A morphologic diagnosis of chondrosarcoma was made based on the biology, radiographic examination and cellular anaplasia of the mass. The lack of attachment of the tumour of the axial skeleton suggests origin in the dermal bones characteristic of this species. This constitutes the first record of a tumour with these characteristics from cartilaginous non-elasmobranch or elasmobranch fishes.


This research draws on banking sector data to explore the role of leadership actions in facilitating successful implementation of automatic teller machines (ATMs) and Internet Banking in Egyptian private sector banking. IT-related innovations in everyday business functions have elicited a great many reforms in the Egyptian banking sector since the 1990s. Achieving strategic competitiveness through IT is challenging as it involves an in-depth understanding of how to successfully deploy IT. In this study, differences in leadership actions were found to have an impact on organizational commitment and successful implementation of the same kinds of IT enabled-systems and hence a bank's strategic competitiveness. This qualitative study used the case study methodology to explore a this topic, to share experiences about best practices in managing change, to discuss lessons learned and to achieve transferability of successful practices to low performing banks and similar organizations.


How are players' expectations challenged through subverting common design patterns in digital games? The following paper outlines a game design experiment that combines state of the art learning research with game design. The goal of the game project is to explore how subversive design patterns can be created that force the players to rethink their expectations and interpretations. In the developed game Afterland various paradigm shifts subvert common gameplay patterns in order to encourage players to modify their anticipations. This is designed to provoke a corresponding paradigm shift in the players, forcing them to reassess certain expectations and to adopt new mental models, strategies, and goals other than those commonly found in games of this genre. The paper introduces recursive learning as a theoretical foundation for the game design process and offers constructive insight derived from this particular research-based game design project conducted at the Singapore-MIT GAMBIT Game Lab.


Habitat use is an important ecological parameter that is used to make informed decisions about quail management and research. Statistical methods for quantifying habitat use are numerous, but few objective criteria are available to support the selection of a particular analytical approach. Therefore, we compared breeding season habitat use by radio-marked northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) at 2 study sites in Mississippi with 2 widely used statistical methods; Chi-square goodness-of-fit test with Bonferroni confidence intervals, and compositional analysis. These statistical methods produced similar results for both study areas; however, more detailed habitat use information was provided by compositional analysis when performed using the customary hierarchical approach. Therefore, for analysis of radio-marked quail, we recommend this method due to its effective hierarchical approach, improved statistical validity, and ability to incorporate other population parameters (e.g .. survival) into statistical models of habitat use by northern bobwhites. Citation: Manley, S.W., J.M. Lee, R.S. Fuller, J.P. Carroll, and L.A. Brennan. 2000. Comparison of two methods for quantifying northern bobwhite habitat use. Pages 213-218 in L.A. Brennan, W.E. Palmer, L.W. Burger, Jr., and T.L. Pruden (eds.). Quail IV: Proceedings of the Fourth National Quail Symposium. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.


Health-related issues have been regarded as one of the major problems which directly impact quality of life of an individual and development of the nation. Avoidance of health monitoring negatively results in many aspects. Current medical system lacks of preventive medicine application which efficiently prevents and relieves disease prevalence. Deficiency of medical personnel affects the quality of treatment, care and nursing. Computer technology has been currently applied to several domains in order to yield better performance. Wearable devices have become usable and applicable to sense several vital signs and communicate them with other networked nodes via the Internet. In this paper, "UbiNurSS - A Ubiquitous Nursing Support System" has been developed for nursing support. UbiNurSS employs available devices which are capable of measuring pulse which reflects pulse or heart rate and blood pressure. A smaller, cheaper computer-equivalent device - Raspberry Pi, has also been used. UbiNurSS consists of two sub-systems - a Raspberry Pi based which is physically located at the patient room, and a web application based which facilitates the nurse's tasks at a nursing station. The pulse report and corresponding warning can be generated in real-time. We demonstrate applicability of UbiNurSS in terms of communication ranges, concurrent pulse deliveries without interference and insignificant differences of the measurements in comparison to traditional devices.


We propose a method for assessing the oscillator strengths of atomic transitions based on single atom spectroscopy. The method is based on a direct measurement of an AC Stark shift of atomic energy levels for the single atom trapped in an optical tweezer. The method is independent on a knowledge of the trapping field at the atom. The results can be applied to obtaining the previously unknown oscillator strengths for dipole transitions involving the first excited state of alkali metals.


The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of alkali content and temperature on the microstructure of lithium borate glasses, xLi2O · (1 − x)B2O3. We have applied the molecular dynamics technique with Ewald summation and periodic boundary conditions to a collection of ca. 256 particles confined within a primitive cubic cell and interacting through a BornMayer-Huggins type of potential augmented with three-body angular terms. The results of this study have been discussed in relation to experimental structural data obtained by NMR and infrared spectroscopies.


This study introduces two semi-quantitative methods, Structured Subjective Assessment (SSA) and Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Essentials, in conjunction with two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations for determining prior probabilities. Prior distribution using expert judgment was included for comparison. Practical applications of the proposed methods were demonstrated using personal exposure measurements of isoamyl acetate in an electronics manufacturing facility and of isopropanol in a printing shop. Applicability of these methods in real workplaces was discussed based on the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Although these methods could not be completely independent of expert judgments, this study demonstrated a methodological improvement in the estimation of the prior distribution for the Bayesian decision analysis tool. The proposed methods provide a logical basis for the decision process by considering determinants of worker exposure. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene for the following free supplementary resource: Coding of the MC Simulation (SSA Method)]


Many educational development resources recommend making conventional lectures more interactive. However, there is little firm evidence supporting either the acceptability (to students) or efficacy of doing so. This research examined the use of short 'interactive windows' (discussions and problem-solving exercises) in first year evolution lectures delivered to between 73 and 126 students over five years. Semi-structured evaluations of the teaching, involving more than 500 responses, identified the interactive nature of the lectures as the single most popular feature of the sessions. The division of the year class into two separate groups allowed the opportunistic testing of how interactive windows influenced learning about discrete problems within each lecture. Two short problem-solving or discussion sessions were devised for each lecture; one of these sessions was taught interactively to the first student group, the second was taught interactively to the second group. Comparing test scores achieved in questions addressing these paired problems showed strong evidence for a generally weak, positive influence of the interactive windows on recall and learning.


Objective To measure Tei index of isolated fetal pericardial effusion in the fetal heart during the second-third trimester,and investigate its relationship with the gestational age and make a preliminary assessment of its clinical value.Methods 51 cases were diagnosed as isolated fetal pericardial effusion using ultrasound.The isometric contraction time(ICT),isovolumic relaxation time(IRT)and ejection time(ET)of left and right ventricular were measured with tissue Doppler technique.Tei index was calculated and compared with the control group.The relationship between Tei index and gestational age was also analyzed.Results Fetal Tei index decreased during the progress of normal second-third-trimester pregnancy.There was not statistically difference of Tei index between the group of small amount of pericardial effusion in the fetus and control group.However,Tei index in the groups of middle and large pericardial effusion in the fetus were significantly different comparing to the control group.Conclusions Overall function of normal fetal hearts during the second-third trimester pregnancy with gestational age increasing are improved significantly.Overall function diagnosed with small amount of isolated pericardial effusion are also improved significantly while the gestational age increases.In the fetal hearts with middle and large pericardial effusion,the overall function reduced.The method of Tei index measurement is a simple,fast,reliable,and ideal indicator to evaluate the heart function during pregnancy and prognosis of fetal pericardial effusion.


The analysis technique used in this research is the analysis of quantitative data, ie, test and analyze the data by calculating the numbers and then draw conclusions from these tests with test equipment product moment correlation and multiple correlation, but in practice the data processing in the study was not as if it manually , but using SPSS statistical software.  There was a significant influence on the performance of the employee's career development in Indonesia PT.Pelabuhan I (Persero) Medan.Ada significant influence on the performance of the labor discipline I PT.Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Medan.Ada significant influence career development and work discipline on the performance of employees at PT I .Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Medan. Keywords: Career development, Discipline of work, performance


Nowadays the competition in sports has been increasingly fierce. Moreover the improvement of athletes performance has been constantly influenced by outside factors. As the high-tech materials appeared, sports performance is developing rapidly. Especially with the development of the nanotechnology, sporting machines are becoming more humanized. There are more convenient, protective, and rational in sports equipment. And it takes less time and labor force for athletes to recover from injury and athletes injury can be treated more precisely. Meanwhile, nanotechnology provides the micro level support for the athletes and makes the data in sports measurement becomes more accurate. In short, nanotechnology provides strong support and help for the development of sports, but at the same time it faces the confusion, too.


In order to eliminate the negative in∞uence of the rotational phase component (RPC) of target prominent scattering centres on the performance of Doppler centroid tracking (DCT) method, a coherent phase compensation method is proposed. The coherence of echo pulses sampled directly in intermediate frequency (IF) is flrstly analyzed and proved. Based on the coherence property, the proposed approach improves the translational phase component (TPC) estimation accuracy of DCT. Compared to the modifled Doppler centroid tracking (MDCT) algorithm, the proposed method achieves better phase compensation performance with simpler operations. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results based on the real ISAR data prove the efiectiveness and e-ciency of the presented strategy.


Desley Deacon reviews  Between the Leaves: Stories of Australian Women, Writing and Gardens , by Katie Holmes (Perth: UWA Publishing 2011, 304pp, $34.95)


Persons with dementia (PwD) are an increasing population that are becoming more dependent on informal caregivers. Thus, caregiver workload is becoming a national concern due to the amount of patient work associated with caregiving. While we have a rudimentary understanding of caregiving work demands, caregiving capacity is an area that needs further inquiry. In this study, we apply a macroergonomic approach to identify non-cognitive resources employed by caregivers, and contingencies for caregivers' resource usage. We conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with self-identified primary caregivers of persons with dementia. Using the patient work system model, we conducted content and thematic analyses of interview data to build a conceptual model of caregiving capacity. Our conceptual model includes 6 different resources channels that caregivers may activate. We also identified 3 contingencies of resource usage. This model can serve as a foundation for exploring distribution of caregiver workload among non- cognitive resources.


By using energy equations, which are equivalent to fundamental equations and boundary conditions in surface wave problems, we can get analytical expressions for partial derivatives of phase velocity with respect to changes of physical parameters within the earth. These derivatives can be calculated by knowing only the eigenfunction corresponding to the phase velocity. Numerical examples are worked out for CANSD (a model proposed by Brune and Dorman for the Canadian shield), the Jeffreys model, and the Gutenberg model for crustmantle structure. An application of the present result to numerical inversion of surface wave data is demonstrated by an example.


Abstract : The report is in two parts. Part I is concerned with superconductive devices employed as amplifiers with particular emphasis on SQUID's. Part II is a study of superconductive microcomposite wires that have potential applications in industry. The wires are a microcomposite of Cu, Nb, and Sn, made by Tsuei's process.


This paper argues that current law is not properly balancing the interests of copyright holders and the American public to encourage the creation of derivative works. The author advocates a statutory license for the derivative work right based on existing statutory licenses and trademark law. Part I examines the concept of derivative works and their unique value to the progress of American culture. Part II reviews the current state of the law and the creative community, finding both deficiencies and inspiration, with sections on fair use, statutory licenses, the effects of trademark law, psychic effects, and economics. Part III proposes the optimal elements and operation of a statutory license for derivative works.


We formulate, and provide strong evidence for, a natural generalization of a conjecture of Robert Coleman concerning Euler systems for the multiplicative group over arbitrary number fields.


Studies of evolved mechanisms and strategies supporting religious prosociality seem to dominate the experimental research agendas of many cognitive scientists of religion. Their enthusiastic and untrammeled preoccupation with prosociality would seem to predict for the human species a kind of global kumbayah. But in the millennia of their existence, religions have never realized this goal. For anti-sociality seems to be as well-established in our evolved repertoire of behaviors as is prosociality (Weierstall et al. 2013, 48; Tooby and Cosmides 2010, 192; Gat 2010; Choi and Bowles 2007; Kelly 2005), perhaps as a strategy for securing reproductive advantage (Weierstall et al. 2012, 1–2; Chang et al. 2011). Religions, especially, historically as well as currently, are recognized to be chronically implicated in this discord and violence, directed at those beyond their artificially defined boundaries of theological doctrine, and, as often, towards those claiming common religious identities but who have fragmented into sectarian factions and conflict (Mlodinow 2012, 164). Those of us with an eye towards history—or even towards current events—know that any simple congruence of religion and prosociality has never been the case.


This intensity distribution in h is minimal at the zero impact parameter and maximal at maximum impact parameters corresponding to the width of the wormhole neck, with this result being independent of the wavelength of the light traveling through the wormhole. A characteristic diagram for Ih…h† is shown in Fig. 3b. It corresponds to a wormhole with metric (1). Thus, the observer will see a ring of light with sharp outer edges and smeared inner edges. With sufficiently high resolution of the observational devices, this fact can make it possible to distinguish between wormholes and black holes in, say, active galactic nuclei.


International Healthcare Experiences (IHEs) provide opportunities for students to experience healthcare in unfamiliar and sometimes challenging settings. Types of IHEs include acute care, ambulatory care, and medical missions. Students have reported multiple benefits through completion of IHEs including increased personal and professional development, increased cultural sensitivity, and increased self-awareness and self-confidence. While many benefits have been noted, there are also challenges in developing, implementing, and sustaining IHEs including financial considerations, safety concerns, and apprehensions regarding the impact the IHE is having on foreign patients and healthcare workers. Additionally, the possibility of limited sustainability of an IHE must be taken into account when evaluating its development and overall impact. This chapter's aim is to summarize the currently available literature on IHEs and to provide subjective reflections from international colleagues and students associated with IHEs connected to the authors' institutions.


This paper deals with fast node failure localization in optical networks with monitoring trails (m-trails). It is based on Network-wide local unambiguous failure localization, which enables every node to autonomously localize any single node failure in the network in a distributed and all-optical manner by inspecting the m-trails traversing through the node. A new and innovative heuristic algorithm is presented which is based on recursion and constrained matching algorithms in general graphs. Extensive simulation is conducted to examine the proposed heuristic in terms of the required cover length to achieve NL-UFL. In our experiments the new heuristic can reduce the computation time by 1000-10000 times compared to prior art.


In the postwar era, developed economies have experienced two substantial trends in the net capital share of aggregate income: a rise during the last several decades, which is well-known, and a fall of comparable magnitude that continued until the 1970s, which is less well-known. Overall, the net capital share has increased since 1948, but when disaggregated this increase comes entirely from the housing sector: the contribution to net capital income from all other sectors has been zero or slightly negative, as the fall and rise have offset each other. When decomposed into a return on fixed assets and a residual share of pure profits, the fall and rise of capital income outside the housing sector in the US owes mostly to the residual: it is not paralleled by fluctuations in the measured value of non-housing capital. This observation-- combined with the theory of factor substitution, and simulation results from a multisector model--casts doubt on explanations of changes in the net capital share that rely on changes in the value of capital. There is greater support in the data for narratives that emphasize cyclical and trend variation in market power


Social entrepreneurship is an important area of research when it comes to considering the role of business in society and how entrepreneurs solve social problems. The concept has spread not only in developing, but also in developed countries. The recent Covid-19 pandemic has demonstrated that crises can be addressed with entrepreneurial innovation and creativity. This paper attempts to outline a way for social enterprises to overcome the current pandemic crisis, as well as to emphasize the challenges and opportunities the crisis presents social entrepreneurs with. This paper discusses how social enterprises in Georgia have been affected and strategies that have been applied. In order to achieve the research goal, relevant literature has been analyzed and systematized. The qualitative research method has been applied to answer the study questions. The paper concludes with an interpretation of the results and highlights implications for theory and practice. This study finds that Georgian social enterprises are negatively affected by the pandemic crisis due to increased operational costs, interruption of business processes, sales decline, customer loss, and supply chain disruptions. Social enterprises responded to the challenges by changing strategies, re-allocating resources, diversifying funding sources, intensifying communication efforts, introducing new technologies, and moving online. However, government support is essential for Georgian social enterprises to survive and grow. Finally, directions for future research are also proposed.


Cobalt(II) radical complexes with centric and acentric counter anions, [CoCl(bisimpy)(MeOH)2]X [bisimpy = 2,6-bis(4′,4′,5′,5′-tetramethyl-4′,5′-dihydro-1′H-imidazol-1′-oxyl-2′-yl)pyridine; X = PF6 (1), and ClO4 (2)], crystallize in the centrosymmetric and polar space groups, respectively. Compound 1 is paramagnetic, whereas spin canting in 2 leads to a metamagnetic transition with a critical field of 1300 Oe at 1.8 K. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)


The invention discloses a foam microsphere pre-dispersion mother micelle. The foam microsphere pre-dispersion mother micelle comprises a carrier and a foam microsphere filler, and the carrier comprises, by mass, 50-900 parts of rubber, 20-100 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and/or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 10-100 parts of stearic acid, 10-100 parts of pentaerythritol fatty ester and 1-100 parts of extending oil; and the addition mass of the foam microsphere is 10-90% of the total mass of the foam microsphere pre-dispersion mother micelle. The rubber can be one or more of an ethylene-propylene binary copolymer, an ethylene-propylene-ethylidene norbornene ternary copolymer and an ethylene-propylene-dicyclopentadiene ternary copolymer. A mixed system formed by using the above copolymer(s) in the invention allows the mother micelle to be mixed at a temperature being not greater than 55DEG C in order to realize excellent dispersion and distribution effects.


AbstractThe primary aim of learning a language is to use it in communication and teacher - learner interaction is a key to reach that goal. Eight reading classes at intermediate level were audio-taped. The study explored recurring patterns of questioning behavior and their interactive effects were observed through nonparticipant observation. The findings of this study indicated that Display and Closed questions were used by the teachers more frequently than Referential and Open questions. Also, it was concluded that Referential and Open questions could create more interaction.Key words: Referential/ Display and Open/Closed questions, classroom interaction, pre-reading discussion taskIntroductionThe growth of interest in the analysis of teacher language has been stimulated by the rejection of language teaching methods as the key determinant of successful learning. The notion of methods came under criticism in the 1980s and mainstream language teaching no longer regarded methods as the key factor in accounting for success or failure of language teaching (Seedhouse, 1999). By referring to several studies, Ellis (1990) points out although these studies revealed the effectiveness of some methods; they were not able to demonstrate that one method was more successful than another. Thus, researchers began to focus on classroom interaction as the major variable affecting SLA. They have tried to pay "attention to the processes of classroom interaction by collecting language data from the classroom itself" (Ellis, 1990: 66).Thus, within the field of SLA (Second Language Acquisition) research, classroombased research has emerged as an important kind of research which attempts to investigate the nature of classroom language and classroom interaction .This kind of research is motivated by an attempt to look at the classroom as a setting for classroom language learning in terms of the language input provided by the teacher's talk (Chaudron, 1988). Teacher talk study has originated from classroom research which tries to investigate what happens inside the classroom (Allwright & Baily, 1991). Its aim is to identify the processes that facilitate or debilitate L2 classroom learning.Recently, there has been much research on teacher talk (e.g. Long and Sato, 1983). Issues such as the amount and type of teacher talk, speech modifications made by teachers, instructions and explanations, error correction and questions have been more or less the center of attention. An important aspect of classroom interaction which has received a great deal of attention, is teachers' questions which may serve various functions including focusing attention, exercising disciplinary, controlling the instruction, motivating learners and encouraging them to participate in classroom interaction (Shomoosi, 2004).Teacher's questioningAll over the world, classroom interaction is usually dominated by question and answer, with teachers asking most of the questions. Questions provide the practice and feedback essential for the development. They alert students to the information in a lesson. They can be used to review previously learned material to establish a knowledge base for the new material to be learned. The Longman Dictionary of English language provides the following definition for a question: a command or interrogative expression used to elicit information or a response, or to test knowledge. Question is a tool used in the direct interaction between the teacher and learners. Questioning is one of the most common techniques used by teachers (Richards & Lockhart, 2000; Walsh, 2006) and serves as the principal way in which teachers control the classroom interaction. Johnson (1995) points out" typically teachers retain this control through question-answer mode of interaction". In Ur's view (2000, in Tuan & Nhu, 2010), the teacher questioning serves purposes such as letting learners present their ideas, testing their understanding knowledge or skills, engaging them actively in participating in learning, stimulating their thinking and getting them to review and practice previously learnt materials. …


Cable faults are damage to cables which affects the resistance in the cable. If allowed to persist, this can lead to a voltage breakdown. To locate a fault in the cable, the cable must first be tested for faults. This prototype uses the simple concept of Ohms law. The current would vary depending upon the length of fault of the cable. This prototype is assembled with a set of resistors representing cable length in kilometers and fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known kilometer to cross check the accuracy of the same. The fault occurring at the respective distance and phase is displayed on a 16 X 2 LCD interfaced with the microcontroller. The program is burned into ROM of microcontroller. The power supply consists of a step down transformer 230 V/12 V, which steps down the voltage to 12 V AC. This is converted to DC using a bridge rectifier. The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter and it is then regulated to +5 V using a voltage regulator which is required for the operation of the microcontroller and other components.


This paper proposes a low-cost multi-sensor integrated navigation system of QAV, emphasis on the design, development and its performance. Firstly, the overview of QAV and its platform of integrated navigation system is established and detailedly discussed. It consists of heterogeneous sensors including GPS receiver unit, 3-axis gyroscope/accelerometer, 3-axis digital magnetic compass (MC), digital barometric altimeter, navigation computer unit (NCU) and the STM32 micro-processer. The data from different sensor modules has been well timesynchronized by pulse-per-second (PPS) signal from GPS. An efficient integration algorithm is proposed and developed with dual filters architecture to fuse the navigation data, which involves three stages: (i) to weaken the noises of sensors, the position/velocity (PV) from GPS are pre-processed with 1st Kalman filtering (KF) and the outputs of gyroscope/accelerometer are prefiltered with a five-order finite impulse response low-pass filter. (ii) A 15-state error state model is established in the navigation frame. In order to improve fusion accuracy, both the heading and height information from magnetic compass and barometric altimeter are combined with the PV solutions of 1st KF to generate the observation model of 2nd centralized KF. (iii) The final integration solution is reversely used as the feedback for position, velocity and attitude (PVA) outputs from gyroscope/accelerometer. Finally, the real flight experiment is carried out to evaluate the efficiency and performance of our proposed low-cost integrated navigation system of QAV. The result indicates that the navigation system performs well in real


Environmental inequalities are often large and consequential, exacerbating vertical inequalities of income and class and horizontal inequalities along lines of race and ethnicity. Climate policies can widen these inequalities as well as mitigate them, depending on their design. Decarbonization of the US electricity sector illustrates these possibilities. A strategy narrowly focused on carbon reduction alone is likely in some regions to increase disparities in exposure to localized co-pollutants emitted by fossil fuel combustion and, in some cases, to increase exposure in absolute terms. Strategies that in addition explicitly mandate improvements in air quality, both overall and specifically for frontline communities, can couple decarbonization with remediation of environmental inequalities and broad-based gains in public health.


Developing and fostering English reading abilities is an important component part of Universities'teaching;it is also an important aspect of improving English learners overall levele.In course of teaching,it is an effective way for students to improve their reading abilities by means of mastering reading skills,reading widely,enlarging vocabularies understanding the backgrounds of foreign languages,and developing a good reading habit.


The low health level of reproductive age women living in Gornaya Shoriya has been determined under a single investigation. Most (61,4%) of them have visceral organ disturbances: in native women the index is 55,6%, in nonnative women 68,7% (p<0,05). The most frequent pathologies are goiter and car-dio-vascular diseases (arterial hypertension was shown in 16% of examined individuals). It is necessary to work out the system of preventive and medical measures for rehabilitation of native and newly arrived population of Gornaya Shoriya.


Background of the Study: Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder with an unknown aetiology that appears as hypertension of 140/90 mm hg or higher with proteinuria after the 20th week in a previously normotensive and non-proteinuric woman. Pre-eclampsia is unique among hypertension illnesses in terms of the effects it has on maternal and newborn health. It is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity around the world.
Objectives of the Study: 1. To assess the existing knowledge regarding pre-eclampsia among antenatal mothers. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge regarding pre-eclampsia among antenatal mothers. 3. To find out the association between knowledge score with selected Demographic variables.
Materials and Methods: 100 samples were taken from selected Hospital Wardha by Non probability sampling technique. Research design descriptive survey was used. Statistical compare ANOVA and t-test formula used.
Results: In pre test Antenatal mothers have 65% fair knowledge regarding pre-eclampsia , and mean knowledge score was 2.02%. In post-test of Antenatal mothers have 52% Excellent knowledge and mean knowledge score was 0.97 % regarding management of pre-eclampsia.
Conclusion: It is concluded that In Pre – test level of knowledge score fair was 65 % and mean knowledge score was 2.02 % And In Post - test level of knowledge score excellent was 52 % andmean knowledge score was 0.97 %. Study conclude that their is lack of knowledge of Pre-eclampsia among antenatal mothers. After the completion of the study it is revealed that the planned teaching program was effective in gaining the knowledge regarding management of pre-eclampsia among antenatal mothers. It can improve their health status and prevent from sideeffect.


THE importance of industrial growth is widely agreed in Zambia, as elsewhere.1 In the post-independence era, Zambia's manufacturing sector actually did grow at a rate exceeding that suggested by the U.N. experts as critical for attainment of the goals of the 'Development Decade' of the 1960s.2 But the rapid expansion of manufacturing industry did not contribute significantly to the spread of increased productivity in all sectors of the Zambian economy.


Exact direction and distance vectors are essential for detecting hierarchical parallelism and examining legality of loop transformation for a multiple level loop nest. Much of this work has been concentrated on array references. Little has been done to address the problems of finding precise dependences between scalar references, except to use extended SSA form with factored use-def links. In this paper, we present a technique for calculating precise direction and distance vectors for scalar references within nested loops without using any forms of SSA. To do this, we use conventional use-def links in combination with joint dominator and joint postdominator relationships, which are extended from dominator and postdominator respectively in standard data flow analysis. The precision of dependence information gathered by our algorithm can not be achieved by traditional analysis of dominator or reaching definitions.


EXPERIMENTS ON ANIMALS. In several series of experiments on animals 1 it was established that magnesium salts have very distinct anesthetic properties. Among other things it was established that by local application of solutions of magnesium sulphate on nerve trunks the conductivity and excitability of motor and sensory nerves can be temporarily abolished; that by subcutaneous injection of certain quantities of magnesium salts general anesthesia with complete recovery could be produced in several species of animals, and, finally, that by intraspinal injections into animals of comparatively small doses of a solution of magnesium sulphate a complete anesthesia and paralysis of the posterior part of these animals could be produced. These latter experiments interest us here particularly and we shall dwell on them a little longer. The experiments on dogs, cats and rabbits have demonstrated that by application of solutions of magnesium sulphate to the spinal cord, either through an opening made


This article summarizes the contemporary major authoritative sources relevant to decisions about eligibility for an appropriate placement of children in special education programs. These sources reflect the work of three major panels commissioned by the National Academy of Science to undertake an analysis of the issues and research evidence regarding ability testing and the testing of handicapped people.


This article presents The MEI Game, a videogame implemented as an educational visual novel based on a real story about the creation and management of a small business in Baixada Fluminense. This game provides an entrepreneurship scenario, which ends with the success or failure of the business, based on the player's decisions. From its feedback, users can understand the reasons for their results, and retrace their steps to fix their errors, reinforcing their understanding of the theory.


Each part ends with 'Conclusion,' and each chapter concludes with 'Exercises,' 'References,' and 'Suggested Readings.' I.INTRODUCTION. 1.Supervision for Successful Schools. Supervisory Glue as a Metaphor for Success. Who Is Responsible for Supervision? Organization of This Book. The Agony of Thought and Feeling. II.KNOWLEDGE. 2.The Norm: Why Schools Are as They Are. The Work Environment or Culture of Schools. The Legacy of the One-Room Schoolhouse. Blaming the Victim and Structural Strain. To Qualify, Summarize, and Propose. 3.The Exception: What Schools Can Be. Background to School Effectiveness Studies. Early Effective School Research. More Recent Effective School Research. Should All Schools Apply Effective Schools Research? The 'How' of Effective Schools. A Cause Beyond Oneself. What to Do with Successful Schools Research: Some Propositions. 4.Adult and Teacher Development within the Context of the School: Clues for Supervisory Practice. Adults as Learners. Adult and Teacher Development. Developmental Theories of Motivation. Development: Ebb and Flow. Considering Teacher Development within the Context of the School. Influences on Teacher Development. Propositions. 5.Reflections on Schools, Teaching, and Supervision. Effective Teaching Research: A Historical Perspective. Cautions Concerning Effective Teaching Research. The Coast of Britain. Effective and Good Schools: The Same? Instructional Improvement and Effective Teaching. Beliefs about Education. Supervision Beliefs. Supervisory Platform as Related to Educational Philosophy. Checking Your Own Educational Philosophy and Supervisory Beliefs. What Does Your Belief Mean in Terms of Supervisor and Teacher Responsibility? The Authors Supervisory Platform. Summary, Conclusions, and Propositions. III.INTERPERSONAL SKILLS. 6.Supervisory Behavior Continuum: Know Thyself. Outcomes of Conference. Your Own Interpersonal Behavior Approach. Valid Assessment of Self. Johari Window. Cognitive Dissonance. Summary, Conclusions, and Preview. 7.Developmental Supervision: An Introduction. Case Study One. Case Study Two. Case Study Three. Case Study Four. Developmental Supervision. Summary and a Look Ahead. 8.Directive Control Behaviors. Directive Control Behaviors with Individuals. Directive Control Behaviors with Groups. A History of Overreliance on Control. Issues in Directive Control. When to Use Directive Control Behaviors. Moving From Directive Control toward Directive Informational Behaviors. 9.Directive Informational Behaviors. Directive Informational Behaviors with Individuals. Directive Informational Behaviors with Groups. Issues in the Directive Informational Approach. When to Use Directive Informational Behaviors. Moving from Directive Informational toward Collaborative Behaviors. 10.Collaborative Behaviors. Collaborative Behaviors with Individuals.


Standard Analytic Epistemology (SAE) names a contingently clustered class of methods and theses that have dominated English-speaking epistemology for about the past half-century. The major contemporary theories of SAE include versions of foundationalism (Chisholm 1981, Pollock 1974), coher-entism (Bonjour 1985, Lehrer 1974), reliabilism (Dretske 1981, Goldman 1986) and contextualism (DeRose 1995, Lewis 1996). While proponents of SAE don't agree about how to define naturalized epistemology, most agree that a thoroughgoing naturalism in epistemology can't work. For the pur-poses of this paper, we will suppose that a naturalistic theory of epistemology takes as its core, as its starting-point, an empirical theory. The standard argument against naturalistic approaches to epistemology is that empirical theories are essentially descriptive, while epistemology is essentially prescriptive, and a descriptive theory cannot yield normative, evaluative prescriptions. In short, naturalistic theories cannot overcome the is-ought divide.Our main goal in this paper is to show that the standard argument against naturalized epistemology has it almost exactly backwards. On the one hand, it is the theories of Standard Analytic Epistemology that have at