The chemical distribution of 35 S produced by the 35 Cl(n,p) 35 S nuclear reaction was studied . The chemical forms found after solution, S 2 , So and higher oxidation form (SO42 + 50 3 2 ) coincide with Maddock's most recent experiments, the preponderent fraction being S 2 . The length of the irradiation time has an important role on the chemical states of radiosulphur . An oxidation process concerning S 2 was observed as the irradiation progressed . The effect of post-irradiation heating above and below the melting point of NaCl was investigated . By high temperature heating an evolution of volatile 35 S was observed . After melting the preponderent form remains S 2 though an oxidation process occurs . The effect of temperature irradiation on the sulphur distribution was also examined . At low temperature irradiation the predominance of S 2 and So was observed . The present work gives the preliminary results obtained on n-irradiated NaCl, the simplest component of the molten chlorides fast reactor, which project has been described recently in various papers by Tabe et al.(1,2). As the chlorides of U-238 and Pu-239 diluted by NaCl are the selected components for the fused salt reactor, the n-reactions of chlorine must be taken into account . In a relatively high neutron flux the most important nuclear reactions of natural chlorine are as follows : 35 Cl (n,Y) 36 Cl S 36Ar 17 17 3,1 " 10 5y 18 37 Cl (n,Y) 38 Cl S 38 Ar 17 17 37,3 m 18 But much more important from the point of view of the chemical properties of the system, are the following reactions : 35 Cl (n,p) 35 S S 1735 Cl 17 16 88d and _ 35 Cl (n,a) 32 P S 32S 15 14 .3d 16 The description of the "chlorine burn-up" given by Taube (2) gives a good illustration of all these processes . During reactor operation an important part of the fission products are gaseous and can be removed continuously, others form chlorides and remain in the salt, while others will precipitate as metals (1) . The excess chlorine produced in the system can react with the strongest reducing agent present UCl 3 forming UCl4 which in the pure form is highly corrosive. At the same time it can be assumed that UCl4 will react rapidly with any short-lived oxidising species produced under the intense fission fragments irradiation of the salt . If the calculations about the evolution of chlorine from the melt are optimistic (3,4) it is not the same situation concerning the sulphur . The (n,p) reaction on 35 Cl will produce 35 S at a mean concentration up to a few thousand ppM in the salt (4) which depends upon the isotopic concentration of the chlorine e .g . separated Cl-37 . An interaction between UCl3 and sulphur is expected to take place . It may be supposed that 35 S leads to the precipitation of U as US . An attack of structural materials by 35 S can also take place . The chemical state of 35 S in neutron irradiated sodium chloride The aim of this work is to give some information about the sulphur chemical states formed in the NaCl lattice by 35 Cl (n,p) 35 S nuclear reaction . For this reason we have performed experiments concerning the influence of irradiation time, and of the post-irradiation high temperature heating on the chemical sulphur distribution . The chemical state of radiosulphur obtained by the reaction 35 C1 (n,p) 35S in the alkali chlorides has been the object of many studies (5-13) . However, the most recent studies have proved that the alkali chlorides are systems of an unexpected complexity . The complexities are coming from the presence of a large concentration of hydroxide ions normally found in alkali chloride crystals as a result of the hydrolysis of the salt (14,15) . In addition, a large sensitivity of the recoil 35 S to experimental conditions was observed (11,12,16,17) . Generally the radiochemical method used, involved solution of the crystals before analysis, usually in an aqueous solvent . This means that the relation of the crystal precursors to the products found after solution depends on the reactions of the crystals species with the solvent or with point defects formed by irradiation (e .g . V centres) during solution . Recently interesting results concerning sulphur chemical states have been published(18,19). Using different methods of 35S species separation and especially non-aqueous medium it was possible to identify the S 2 and S o precursors but not those of the sulphite and sulphate (18) . It was shown that the oxidising point defects produced in the crystal during the irradiation as V centres or derivatives can oxidise the 35 S at the moment of solution . The aerial oxidation can also be very important in aqueous or ammoniacal carrier-free systems but no oxidation was observed in liquid ammonia-cyanide or aqueous cyanide systems in the presence at least S 2 carrier . The solution in an acid medium even in the absence of both air and carriers invariably lead to complete conversion of all active sulphur into sulphate (18) . Since sulphide ions are known to be stable in water it is concluded that point defects produced by irradiation in the crystal can oxidise all sulphate at the time of solution .


Talent issue is the key issue of the development of a nation. Among the implementation of the Talent Strategy for Powerful Nation and the promotion of various talent team construction,one of the most important task is to stick to the management of the talents of the Party and government,the enterprise management talents and the professional and technical talents,focusing on high-level talents,that is taking the senior leaders among the talents of the Party and government,the excellent entrepreneurs among the enterprise management talents and the senior experts especially the technological leadership talents among the professional and technical talents as the strategic focus of the talent resources development.


The use of metallic coaxial cables in Magnetic Resonance Imaging could induce local high Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Optical fiber link could be a promising alternative to coaxial cables for MRI to ensure patient safety. Here, the conversion of the Radio-Frequency magnetic field into an electric signal by electro-optic effect was demonstrated and characterized. A waveguide crystal is used together with an endoluminal coil to demonstrate the ability of such transducer to perform a deported characterization of Radio-Frequency magnetic field at 3T. The results show a good agreement with theoretical values and a minimum magnetic detectable field of pT order.


Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B is the superfamily of PTPs and a negative regulator of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been proposed as a strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Recently, it has been reported that amentoflavone, a biflavonoid extracted from Selaginella tamariscina, inhibited PTP1B. In the present study, docking model between amentoflavone and PTP1B was determined using automated docking study. Based on this docking model and the interactions between the known inhibitors and PTP1B, we determined multiple pharmacophore maps which consisted of five features, two hydrogen bonding acceptors, two hydrogen bonding donors, and one lipophilic. Using receptor-oriented pharmacophore-based in silico screening, we searched the biflavonoid database including 40 naturally occurring biflavonoids. From these results, it can be proposed that two biflavonoids, sumaflavone and tetrahydroamentoflavone can be potent allosteric inhibitors, and the linkage at 5',8''-position of two flavones and a hydroxyl group at 4'-position are the critical factors for their allosteric inhibition. This study will be helpful to understand the mechanism of allosteric inhibition of PTP1B by biflavonoids and give insights to develop potent inhibitors of PTP1B.


This article stems from research on the adaptation and social identity of childrendisplaced by political violence in an urban-school setting. Specifically,the study aims to understand the social situation being experienced by aschool community after having received new students who were victims ofpolitical violence, and to analyze whether the educational response favorstheir inclusion. Based on a qualitative methodology, a secondary analysis ofa database of 25 interviews with different school actors was done; the groupincluded teaching staff, administrators and parents, along with displacedand non-displaced children. The analysis was carried out using the contentanalysis technique, aided by use of the Atlas.ti software. The results aregrouped into two code ' families:' entry into the school setting and bonding toschool life. The findings show the difficulties and tensions experienced by theschool in its attempt to adapt itself to the new social logic and to promote aninclusive response.


Multifunctional power electronic converters are used in shipboard power systems for various needs including energy conversion from one form to the other, power generation, and transmission. The ability to do more functions with a single power electronic converter is desired in shipboard power systems, especially when there is an inadequate energy management resource, or unexpected demand that may appear as a result of battle damage or power system topology change. The ability to do more functions with a single device may also help meet growing power demand in shipboard power systems. This paper suggests control architecture for a power electronics converter that allows maximization of its possible functionalities of a voltage source converter. The suggested control architecture allows to extend the functionality of a power electronic converter to such modes of operation as harmonic compensator, reactive power compensator, current balancing compensator, active current source, etc. As a multifunctional voltage source converter can perform more possible functions, better utilization of energy management resources onboard of a ship may be achieved.


To the Editor:— During the month of July of this year I had the opportunity of visiting most of the important hospitals and medical institutions in Santiago de Chile. It was possible during this time to analyze the organization of their medical services. I was greatly impressed with the very high plane of teaching of medicine in the University of Chile. Internal medicine is taught on four major services, each headed by a professor of medicine. Two of these services are in the Hospital del Salvador. I particularly wish to comment on the high character of medical teaching on the services of Drs. Hernan Allesandri and Armas Cruz of that hospital because I had the opportunity of observing the work on these two services closely. I have no reason to feel that the medical services of Dr. Garreton at the Hospital San Borja and of Dr. Prado Tagle at the


The abnormality has been analyzed, deduced, diagnosed and troubleshot during the dynamic balance test of mill fan in this paper. The effect, analysis and notices have been expounded to the dynamic balance work after sticking wearproof ceramics slice in the working section of mill fan lamina, which can be used for reference for the dynamic balanced test of secondary machine in power plant.


The existing models of the Metal-Oxide arresters (MOA) have difficulty covering the behavior prediction under surges with front time ranging from microseconds to nanoseconds. This brief presents an equation-based dynamic nonlinear model and its circuit implementation, which can describe the behavior of the MOA in a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes with the consideration of the piecewise nonlinearity and the dynamic nonlinearity characteristics. The model can be easily constructed based on the manufacturer's data and a multiplication factor table for the dynamic characteristic. Two types of MOA used in the power distribution systems are tested to validate the proposed model. The simulated responses of MOAs are in good agreement with the measured results when the MOAs are applied to impulses with front time ranging from 20 ns to $30~\mu \text{s}$ . Both the errors of the peak voltage and the absorbed energy between simulated and measured results are less than 6%.


The retention of freshmen engineering students has received much attention and research focus in the last few years. Direct exposure to engineering during the first two semesters of the freshman engineering student is an area being studied as a retention factor. When the introductory engineering course at Arizona State (ASU) was in a different format, studies suggested that if engineering students took the course during their first (fall) semester, their rate of retention was higher than those who took the course in the spring. However, due to staffing and space limits, only about half of the new freshmen can take the course in the fall. In a more recent study, women and minority students showed a trend of higher retention by taking ECE 100 in the fall. Because the numbers were low, more study needed to be done to strongly suggest a change in the semester in which students took ECE 100. During the past five years, the Office of Minority Programs (OMEP) has expanded and become very active in its efforts to recruit and to retain underrepresented students. As we look to further refine our efforts, it would be useful to learn if the semester in which an underrepresented minority student took ECE 100 had a significant effect on retention. This paper will look at the records of the FFF minority students who enrolled in the past three falls and investigate their trend of attrition. If there is evidence that minority students who do not take ECE 100 in the fall are more likely to withdraw from the CEAS, then special programs to help increase this retention would be indicated. One purpose of the special programs would be to help these students, already isolated by small numbers, to feel a part of the college and also to give them a vision until they have a chance to take a course on engineering. Surprisingly, this study did not show any significant difference in the retention rates of FFF minority students who took ECE 100 in the fall or the spring. However, there was a significant difference in the retention of FFF minority students who took ECE 100 and those who did not take the course. An alarming number of students withdrew from the CEAS before they had taken even one engineering course. Minority focus groups with FFF taking ECE 100 in the spring and those freshmen who have not taken ECE 100 will be used to clarify their program needs.


We propose a linear optical scheme for direct realization of a nondestructive N-qubit controlled phase gate without resorting to a sequence of single- and two-qubit gates. The proposed setup involves linear optical elements, nonmaximally entangled pairs of photons, and multiphoton coincidence detection. To implement the scheme, physical qubits represented by the polarization states of single photons are probabilistically encoded into the two-photon states. Based on such encoding operation, a nondestructive N-qubit phase gate can be directly achieved by N-photon interference on an array of polarization beam splitters and N-photon coincidence detection.


Possible mechanisms of the third harmonic generation in solar radio bursts are investigated. It is shown that the most essential is the coupling of plasma waves in a source with electromagnetic radiation at the second harmonic. This phenomenon may be responsible for the occurrence of the third harmonic in the type V event on 25 October 1972 recorded by Benz, as well as in the U-burst on 3 September 1957 reported by Haddock and Takakura.


OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes is an established risk factor for development of hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical correlates of these conditions in a large cohort of people with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 939 participants, aged 61–76 years, from the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study (ET2DS)—a large, randomly selected population of people with type 2 diabetes—underwent liver ultrasonography. Ultrasound gradings of steatosis were compared with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a subgroup. NAFLD was defined as hepatic steatosis in the absence of a secondary cause (screened by questionnaire assessing alcohol and hepatotoxic medication use, plasma hepatitis serology, autoantibodies and ferritin, and record linkage to determine prior diagnoses of liver disease). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze independent associations of characteristics with NAFLD. RESULTS Hepatic steatosis was present in 56.9% of participants. After excluding those with a secondary cause for steatosis, the prevalence of NAFLD in the study population was 42.6%. Independent predictors of NAFLD were BMI, lesser duration of diabetes, HbA1c, triglycerides, and metformin use. These remained unchanged after exclusion of participants with evidence of hepatic fibrosis from the group with no hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Prevalences of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD were high in this unselected population of older people with type 2 diabetes, but lower than in studies in which ultrasound gradings were not compared with a gold standard. Associations with features of the metabolic syndrome could be used to target screening for this condition.


This paper discusses an experimental study in which unembalmed human cadavers were exposed to frontal knee impacts using a 52 pound linear impactor at varying speeds and striking surface conditions. Electronic data responses and observed injuries to the lower extremities and hips are presented and compared. Twenty eight impact experiments were performed using fourteen cadavers during this study. During this program the cadaver subjects were instrumented with a force transducer inserted into one femur and triaxial accelerometers attached to each struck knee and the sacrum. Cadaver lower extremities were X-rayed pre-and post-test and dissected post-test and an evaluation of disability was performed and is presented.


The present invention relates to a mechanism of an automatic transmission oil cooler, which mechanism comprises an upper header and a lower panel reinforcement panel reinforcement header, each of the planar portion of the planar portion upper header plate and the header plate between the an oil passage formed aligned layer, and are welded to the upper header and a lower header plate sheet, and a convex portion thereof toward the central oil passage, adjacent to each other and between which is welded, and to improve the rigidity of the lower header plate assembly and enhancing overall durability of the oil cooler, thereby improving its quality.


Abstract : Nested dissection orderings are known to be very effective for solving the sparse positive definite linear systems which arise from n by n grid problems. In this paper nested dissection is shown to be the final step of incomplete nested dissection, an ordering which corresponds to the premature termination of dissection. Analyses of the arithmetic and storage requirements for incomplete nested dissection are given and the ordering is shown to be competitive with nested dissection under certain conditions.


Financing agreement (rural development project in the eastern ord) between burkina faso and the international fund for agricultural development. Rome, 7 July 1981 [United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1344, I-22575.]


Design Rationale refers to the decisions that underlie the design of a system; why it was made the way it was, and not some other way. These decisions are closely interrelated and often diicult to track. Design rationale information is important in software reuse for at least two reasons; rst, the design decisions that went into a component will help to determine where it can appropriately and advantageously be reused, and second, the design decisions made in a system in which a component is to be re-used determine what components can be appropriately re-used. In this paper, we outline some of the problems inherent in the capture of design rationale, and describe an approach to representing rationale that addresses these problems. This work is part of a project in the DARPA EDCS (Evolutionary Design of Complex Systems) initiative.


Abstract In a continuing study on the α-lithiation of N -tosyl aziridines, it is reported that ortho -lithiation of the N -tosyl group is occurring under typical α-lithiation conditions ( s -BuLi/PMDETA). Thus, a simple, two-step synthesis of N -2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl aziridines was optimised. The route involves epoxide ring opening using a sulfonamide, mesylation and base-mediated ring closure. The scope and limitations of this route were assessed and five new N -2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl aziridines were prepared in good yields. Since this method was unsuitable for the preparation of cyclooctene aziridine, an alternative two-step method was developed. This method involved aminobromination of cyclooctene using NBS/2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonamide.


Clinical technics have been used to separate pregnant patients into normal and high-risk groups. Biochemical monitoring revealed that during labor all patients showed a gradual fall in fetal pH and an increase in PCO2 and base deficit, especially in the second si of labor and during delivery. These biochemical changes were more marked in high-risk fetuses. At birth and during the first hour of life the neonates of high-risk mothers were more acidotic and recovered more slowly than neonates of normal mothers. It is concluded that the high-risk fetus does not tolerate the stress of labor as well as the normal. Biochemical and biophysical surveillance of the high-risk fetus may provide early warning of impending difficulties so that during labor timely intervention may be instituted.


This paper presents the impact of the basalt fibre in concrete.Basalt fibre is a relatively new material and it is a high performance non-metallic fibre made from basalt rock melted at a high temperature. It is economical and having good strength characteristics, and also resists against temperature and alkaline environment. The Main aim of this paper is to find the compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of Concrete with M-sand and Basalt Fibre. The length of basalt fibre 12mm was used with in the range of 0.1% to 0.3%with total volume of concrete. Due to lack of river sand, it is partially replaced with M-sand by 50%and 60% in this work. This paper shows the enhancement of mechanical properties of concrete by adding Basalt fibre and partial replacement of river sand with M-sand.


... Most of all ... the love ... was a crucial part of my childhood and I think it made me into a whole person. That, I remember, the community love. People just loved you. I mean, if you were naughty, down the road, and Aunt B., or Mrs S., saw you, she belted you. And she knew that you were Miss A.'s daughter and you were out of order. People who I pass and didn't say 'Good morning', they'd say 'Come back here, you. Did you see me?' 'Yes ma'am.' 'Why didn't you say "Good morning"?' 'I don't know, ma'am.' Wallop, wallop, wallop. 'Getting too big for your boots.' And so the community had a parenting responsibility.


A series of chiral beta-aryl-substituted gamma-amino butyric acid derivatives were synthesized in good enantioselectivities via the Cu-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate reduction of gamma-phthalimido-alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid esters using Cu(OAc)2 x H2O as a catalyst precursor, (S)-BINAP as a ligand, PMHS as a hydride source, and t-BuOH as an additive. The methodology has been applied successfully to the enantioselective synthesis of a chiral pharmaceutical, (R)-baclofen.


We have developed a series of interactive control education modules. They are intended to be useful to a broad audience of students as well as practitioners. Their main objective is to provide insight and intuition rather than precise mathematics.


In the digital era, India's national security has extricably been linked with its cyber security. However, although India has digitalized its governance, economy and daily life on an industrial scale, it has never paid adequate attention to adopt a programme side-by-side to securitize its digitalization plan. Resultantly, not only India's cyber space but also its physical spheres have been exposed and facing constant attacks from its rivals and enemies. India is the single biggest supplier of cyber professionals around the world and successfully leading cyber space across the globe. But India's army of cyber professionals falters when it comes to detect the simplest of cyber crime, which often led to devastating consequences. Cyber security is ensuring secure use of computers, smart phones as well as computer network including internet from security threat – physical or virtual (emphasize mine). There are two types of threat attached with cyber security. First is threat to digital equipment from unauthori...


We consider the problem of lossy image compression with deep latent variable models. State-of-the-art methods build on hierarchical variational autoencoders (VAEs) and learn inference networks to predict a compressible latent representation of each data point. Drawing on the variational inference perspective on compression, we identify three approximation gaps which limit performance in the conventional approach: (i) an amortization gap, (ii) a discretization gap, and (iii) a marginalization gap. We propose improvements to each of these three shortcomings based on ideas related to iterative inference, stochastic annealing for discrete optimization, and bits-back coding, resulting in the first application of bits-back coding to lossy compression. In our experiments, which include extensive baseline comparisons and ablation studies, we achieve new state-of-the-art performance on lossy image compression using an established VAE architecture, by changing only the inference method.


In the 16th century the Society of Jesus built a large number of churches following the Tridentine model of a Latin cross and a single nave. However, the shift towards this model did not entail the abandonment of the central floor plan, especially in the 17th century. The acoustics of these spaces can present phenomena linked to focalizations which increase the sound pressure level. The church of San Luis de los Franceses, built by the Jesuits for their novitiate in Seville (Spain), is an example of a Baroque church with a central floor plan. Although the church has hosted different congregations since its inauguration it is currently desacralized and used for theatres and concerts. The acoustics of this church were studied by the authors through in situ measurements and virtual models. The main objective was to analyse the evolution and perception of its sound field from the 18th to 21st centuries, considering the different audience distributions and sound sources and the modifications in furniture and coatings. Analysis of the evolution of its sound field shows that the characteristics have remained stable, with a notable influence of the dome on the results for the different configurations studied.


We find that SEO underpricing is negatively (positively) related with the strength of ex post (ex ante) anti-self-dealing laws. Independent of ex post anti-self-dealing laws, however, SEO underpricing is affected neither by disclosure requirements imposed on equity issuers nor by equity issue-specific liability rights conferred on investors. Interactions between ex post anti-self-dealing laws and liability rules show that the presence of strong litigation rights decreases underpricing in countries with strong ex post anti-self-dealing laws. We also find that the combination of strong ex post anti-self-dealing laws and weak disclosure requirements results in less underpricing than for strong disclosure requirements. Overall, our findings indicate that the price benefits of regulatory protections that mitigate issue-specific expropriation risk depend on the presence of broad non-issue specific regulatory protections against expropriation risk.


OVERVIEW: Even large firms cannot mobilize all the ideas, technology, business expertise, and market channels they need to deliver breakthrough products. A new model is rapidly emerging in which firms collaborate with other world-class organizations in an open model to jointly develop the next generation of goods and services. From interviews with managers who are responsible for the external technology efforts at 12 leading firms, innovation-sourcing practices were identified in three key areas: 1) linking external innovation to strategy, 2) defining what the firm wants to access externally, and 3) leading cultural change. These practices range from working with suppliers to applying the "Want, Find, Get, Manage" model.


Current research on fuzzy set applications has yielded a better understanding of complex design problems involving nondeterministic human factors. This has in turn resulted in a significant number of efficient software case-study oriented realizations. Concurrently, efficient hardware implementations involving integration of a large number of discrete components have become feasible in light of existing technological achievements. Hirota and Ozawa (1989) introduced the notion of the fuzzy JK flip-flop, considering it an essential and basic component for effective processing of fuzzy information. Continuing with this line of reasoning, a discussion is presented of VLSI implementation issues with emphasis on design platforms to be used with the new structures. Next some comparisons are performed pertaining to the usefulness and realization of several logical connectives, followed by an examination of fuzzy sequential system design. The combinational part of the circuit is embodied in a single layer neural network in which weights are adjusted on the basis of training situations. Numerical considerations highlight the performance of the design process. >


The aim of the Autonomic Computing is to increase reliability and performance by enabling the system to be Selfmanaged. Challenging issue in making the system autonomous is to introduce the standardization for co-existences of heterogeneous system. Every system has its own log file format, to make multiple systems to co exists in the corporate world there is a necessity to follow standard format called Common Base Event (CBE) to represent the log files, the context called Symptom and the actions that administrator may initiate. This paper proposes a new user friendly language to represent the Symptoms and associate the actions and supports the co-existences of systems with heterogeneous log format without the need for conversion to CBE format. General Terms Log Trace analyzer, Log Adapter, Autonomic System Manager


The patient was a 69-year-old man who required dialysis for chronic renal failure. Around 2009,he noticed a bulge in his left groin that gradually increased in size;however,he did not seek treatment. In February 2011,he presented with abdominal pain and vomiting ;he was diagnosed on the following day as having an incarcerated hernia. The left groin was found to be swollen to the size of an infant's head and appeared red. Computed tomography(CT)revealed incarcerated intestinal loops in the left scrotum and free air. A diagnosis of incarcerated left inguinal hernia and intestinal rupture in the scrotum was made,and emergency surgery was performed. The ileocecum and the sigmoid colon were herniated and incarcerated in the left scrotum. The ileocecal intestinal segment was necrotized and perforated. After resection of the ileocecum,a left inguinal hernioplasty was performed using McVay's procedure,and an ileal stoma was constructed. After surgery, the patient became hemodynamically unstable, requiring endotoxin adsorption therapy and continuous hemodiafiltration under mechanical ventilation. Although a wound infection occurred subsequently,the patient's general condition improved. He was discharged on postoperative day 59. In regard to giant inguinal hernias,there are occasional reports of incarceration and strangulation of hernia contents that necessitate emergency surgery and intestinal resection. However, there are few reports of cases in which the ileocecum herniates to the left side, enters the scrotum together with the sigmoid colon,and becomes incarcerated,as occurred in our case.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the drying method and bed thickness on the physical quality test (moisture content, color), chemical (ash content, flavonoids, total phenol, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, or vitamin C and antioxidant activity) and organoleptic test of Moringa leaf tea. The experimental research was a Split Plot Design with dryers as the main plot and bed thickness as a subplot. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significant level of 5% was used to analyze the experimental data. The organoleptic scores were analyzed using the Friedman test. The ANOVA results indicated that the drying method significantly affected whereas the bed thickness did not influence the experimental parameters. The best result in terms of herbal moisture content (5.94%) and color was obtained by YSD UNIB 2022 assisted with a fan. The highest ash content was in the range of 7.78 % -7%, total phenol was 50.78 GAE/g, carotenoids content was 17, 57 mg/g, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was 117, 33%, and the strongest (antioxidant activity) was at an IC50 value of 37.85 ppm. The best (flavonoids) showed a red color on drying YSD UNIB12.


There are about 600 million accommodation units in the world. The maintenance of the accommodation is essentially similar in every country. Research work in accommodation maintenance has been minimal so far. This study deals with some fundamental models of building maintenance. The paper gives the most important development projects in the following groups: maintenance group, maintenance area, city, and state. Special attention is concentrated on the strategic and normative planning of area maintenance system in a city connected with other related urban operations. The running costs of housing accommodation by the methods mentioned in the paper can be reduced by about 30%.


As an unforeseen pandemic disturbs our livelihoods and forces us to change our boundaries, small talks arise and disperse in fleeting moments within and beyond physical perimeters. The notion of singular truth (metanarrative : Lyotard 1984) has evidently been overridden in this time. Small stories (Bamberg 2004, 2006; Georgakopoulou 2006; 2007) are heavily embedded as part of the trajectory of social interactions. As fragments of talk-in-interactions, they are recontextualised and reaffirmed as narratives along multiple threads of conversations across time. Presented in this article is a microstudy implementing the lens of small stories on communication activities taking place among members of a specific location-based community. This is a part of the ongoing PhD research on bottom-up community organisation through the alignment of community-specific narratives and positioning of socially engaged art practitioners. The microstudy on communal conversations on an instant messaging app looks into how multiple realities are reconfigured by virtue of multiple tellers and modes of telling.


Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are classified as an urgent antibiotic-resistant threat by the CDC, and they are listed on the critical priority list by the World Health Organization due to the lack of antibiotic treatment options. New-Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) is an emerging mechanism of carbapenem resistance in the United States. We sought to understand the risk factors and clinical characteristics of patients with NDM CRE in Michigan to improve surveillance. Methods:A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in collaboration with the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). CRE isolates submitted to MDHHS between April 2014 and July 2019 were tested for the presence of NDM using CDC PCR protocols. Additional information on case demographics, laboratory results, healthcare and antibiotic exposure history, and travel history were collected. Results: In total, 30 NDM cases were identified in Michigan during the study period. Of these 30 cases, 15 (50%) were men, and the median age was 73.5 years (range, 20–88 20). Also, 2 of these patients (6.6%) were immunocompromised; 2 patients (6.6%) had had extensive abdominal surgery, and 2 patients (6.6%) had recurrent hospitalization. Furthermore, 12 case isolates (40%) were collected in outpatient settings, whereas 16 (53%) were collected from inpatient settings. In addition, 13 (43%) patients were admitted from home and 4 (13%) presented from an extended-care facility. Urine was the most common site of isolation in 19 of 30 (63%) cases, followed by blood and tissue culture in 4 of 30 (13%) each. Escherichia coli was the most common organism (17 of 30, 57%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (9 of 30, 30%). Also, 15 of 30 cases (50%) had a recent history of international travel, and of these, 9 of 15 (60%) reported travel to India. Among these 15 cases, 12 (80%) sought medical care in the countries they visited. Two cases (6.6%) had a documented history of multidrug-resistant organism colonization or infection. The mortality rate was 6.6% (2 of 30). The mean time from admission to implementation of contact precautions was 7.3 days (range, 0–20). Conclusions: Suspicion of NDM CRE strains should remain high in patients with a travel history from areas known as major reservoirs of NDM. Delay in implementing contact precautions, as noted in the present study, can lead to a greater risk of transmission. Early detection and subsequent isolation of NDM patients are essential strategies for preventing transmission within healthcare facilities. Future efforts include performing whole-genome sequencing of these isolates to assist in identifying potential epidemiological links among the affected patients. Funding: None Disclosures: None


The concentration of lactoferrin (LTF) in milk varies during lactation, rising sharply during involution. We proposed that LTF might have a regulatory role in involution and investigated its effects in vitro on the viability of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) and on casein expression in bovine mammospheres. Mammospheres capable of milk protein expression were formed by culturing primary BMEC on extracellular matrix in the presence of lactogenic hormones. Exogenously added LTF decreased β-casein and κ-casein mRNA expression in mammospheres while transfection of a short interfering RNA (siRNA) to suppress LTF expression resulted in increased casein mRNA expression. We believe that LTF exerts its effect on casein gene expression by up-regulating interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as IL-Iβ gene expression was elevated in mammospheres treated with LTF. LTF also decreased viability of BMEC grown as monolayers and as mammospheres. Interestingly, LTF was only effective in reducing casein mRNA expression and viability in mammospheres when added at concentrations found during early involution but was inactive when used at concentrations found in milk. We suggest that LTF has a regulatory role during early involution, decreasing casein expression and reducing BMEC viability.


In recent years, the Yushu Museum has conducted a systematic investigation on the rock art of the Tongtian River Basin in its prefecture and newly discovered 1230 panels' rock art (more than 1700 images). This paper is a statistical and comparative analysis of the newly discovered rock art. According to content and production techniques, we divided the rock art of the Tongtian River Basin into two big areas. The West Area is the upper part of the river basin, which is the area above the confluence of Tongtian River and Chumar River (Qumalai River); the East Area is the lower part of the river basin, which is from the confluence to the Batang estuary of Yushu. This area can be subdivided into three subareas. The majority of the Tongtian River Basin's rock art is categorized as animal type. Yak and deer are respectively the main themes of the West Area and the East Area. In addition, there are other rock art types like symbol, character, pagoda, carriage and so on. The two areas have both commonalities and their own characteristics. Through the typological analysis of production techniques, in the cases of carriage rock art, and deer rock art, we think that the rock art mainly used the whole-image chiseling technique. This technique can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty; the rock art mainly chiseled linearly is dated to the early Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period; the rock art that was creates with the line carving technique is dated to the Warring States Period to the Western Han Dynasty; the rock art that was creates with the grind carving technique can be dated back to the Qin and Han dynasties; and the rock art mainly used scratching technique can be traced back to the Ancient Tibetan Empire Period (618-842 AD)


In the multi-attribute decision-making,due to the complexity of objects and the fuzziness of human thinking,Many decision-makers prefer to use fuzzy numbers to express the performance of attribution.We mainly discuss the sequence of fuzzy numbers and ranking method. This paper draws several conclusions finally.


Nurses in the United States value their role in providing compassionate care to their patients, the family and community. This article discusses an international survey that explored key issues of compassion in nursing, specifically qualitative findings from a sample of nurses from the United States of America. Fifteen countries participated in this survey, with a total of 1,323 completed questionnaires. The article presents the background; study methods and analysis; and results and discussion. Qualitative data from the United States nurses revealed the following findings: compassion was defined caring with listening, developing a relationship, alleviating suffering, touch, and going beyond the normal role of the nurse.Findings of this study provide some understanding of the ways in which nurses in the United States provide compassionate care.


Courts make use of psychological theories, especially in cases involving discrimination. But the courts do not appear to be cognizant of recent advances in cognitive social psychology. Flawed intuitive psychological models presently limit the law's effectiveness in dismantling the maternal wall. By understanding how the courts operate, social engaged socially psychologists might work with civil rights lawyers to influence the system and make progress dismantling the maternal wall.


Abstract Irene, the protagonist in Herta Müller's Reisende auf einem Bein, experiences the transit between two political systems as a continuous journey which does not end with her arrival, but extends into everyday life in the destination country, a life marked by Otherness, foreignness and placelessness. The political oppression suffered in her country of origin, an unnamed Eastern bloc state representing Nicolae Ceauşescu's Romania, influences Irene's perception of her Western destination country. While Irene suffers from the Otherness and placelessness experienced on her journey, this experience also constitutes her identity as a »vagabond« (Brittnacher / Klaue), making it impossible for her to stop. Irene makes this experience as a train passenger, as well as in train and metro stations where the movement of passing trains makes her feel disconnected, but also allows her to see the fractures in other relationships around her. The article shows how the train journey becomes a central metaphor of Irene's transit experience, similar to Kristeva's image of foreignness as a moving train, and describes Irene's movement by means of the ›vagabond‹, the ›flâneur‹ (Benjamin), the ›nomad‹ (Deleuze / Guattari) and the ›system migrant‹ (Sorko).


Over the years Government has made appreciable investment towards development and management of water for irrigation, drinking water and to a lesser extent recreation. For certain reasons, the demand for safe drinking water supply service continues to overwhelm the delivery. It is against this background that the study simulates the privatisation of water supply in Nigeria with a view to improve and expand the delivery and coverage of water services, increase the efficiency of operation and transfer of financial responsibility in the provision of water services to the private sector while allowing them a fair rate of return. The study sample cover ten Nigerian urban and semi-urban centers. Data for the study was largely obtained from the IBRD funded project. The Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Principles including the Net Present Value method, the Internal Rate of Return method and the Discounted Pay back Period method constitute our major model for the study. Data analysis using computer techniques (spreadsheet applications) gave a mean net present value, NPVK of U.S $ 67224152.00, a mean internal rate of return, IRR of 28.35% and a mean discounted payback period, PBP of 4 years signiffig that the return on investment in the Nigerian water supply sector is high enough to attract a private sector participant. Our results also indicates that more of Nigerian citizenry would have access to potable water with increase in per capita per day water consumption through private sector participant.


EA RM A RK ED SAFE TY M O N E Y EFFECTIVE IN G E O R G IA There is much discussion, particularly in federal circles, whether it is proper to earmark money for safety projects or to provide lump sums with broad discretional capabilities for administrators to meet needs differently within a given state. The question remains, will this latter method best respond to the highway safety problems of America or is earmarking money for safety a myth? Webster tells us the defini tion of a myth involves the creation of a story that reveals an un scientific account, belief, or theory. I wonder today, as we look at the record, if we can ascertain whether earmarking money for safety purposes has been a myth or, in actuality, has been a boon to America's improvement in highway safety. Let's look at the facts. It is generally conceded that our country marked its peak in traffic fatalities in 1973 when 56,000 people were killed on the nation's highways. In our own state of Georgia, this was the peak year as 1,926 deaths (an all-time high) were recorded. I wonder if it is a coincidence that 1973 was also the year the Highway Safety Act stipulated that funds should be spent in several specific areas which we came to know as Title II. And I wonder if it is also a coincidence that the 1966 Safety Act which stipulated performance standards for 18 different areas, for the most part finally came under sanctions in 1973 when the states were advised that they would produce or be sanctioned. Other programs, such as TO PIC S, also had earmarked money involved in a mad scramble for implementation in 1973 to avoid the lapse of funds. All of these actions resulted in a significant change in the highway environments arrival of 1974. Coincidentally, in 1974 there was a national downtrend in acci dent experience. Many people are quick to point out that this down trend occurred due to the energy crisis and mandatory reduction to a 55 mph speed limit. Also, other factors included a reduction in travel as vehicle miles were recorded down in most every state, a trend to smaller vehicles was beginning, the oil crisis, improved safety equipment for autos, and the nation's economy in general was tightened.


of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Michael Swain. No. of pages in text. (110) The exhaust process in an internal combustion engine directly affects the ability to produce power. Currently, experimental testing is used to test and perfect the exhaust process using a steady state low pressure flow bench. The flow through the exhaust port is initially critical which is not captured by the conditions of testing set on a flow bench. The goal of this study was to understand critical "blowdown" flow in exhaust ports to ultimately extract more performance out of an engine. A sonic flow bench was used in order to study the critical flow phase of an exhaust stroke. Blowdown testing using a sonic flow bench alongside CFD testing and low pressure flow bench testing was performed on three cylinder heads and a sonic nozzle. The three methods combined allowed to come to conclusions on how the blowdown phase works and how it can be optimized. The overall results revealed that the blowdown event can be split into two phases in which the nature of the flow is characterized differently. At high pressures, immediately following the opening of the valve, a development phase occurs where the mass flow rate starts from zero and eventually reaches a theoretical mass flow rate. This zone is very responsive to changes in geometry in the flow region affecting the overall mass flow rate during blowdown by more than 10%. This phase is characterized by the flow accelerating through the valve opening thus meaning it is highly transient. The second phase of the flow is called the fully developed region where the flow reaches a quasi-steady state matching theoretical values for mass flow rate. The high pressure development phase is most important for port design. By using a low pressure flow bench this is not captured as this is the result of a transient effect. Blowdown in an engine occurs extremely fast in time. This means that the blowdown flow never reaches a quasi-steady state and is always in the transient development phase. Valve and seat design has a large influence on performance. The results from testing valves and seat at different angles and with different design ideas allowed to conclude that a shape that resembles a venturi works best at low pressures however the opposite is needed for good blowdown. Abrupt transitions in shape promote the transient phase to last longer and go above the theoretical maximum. Using the right combination of blowdown performance and low pressure performance is therefore the goal to increase exhaust performance as a whole. This study shows the tools and designs needed to increase blowdown performance and in turn increase the overall performance of an exhaust stroke.


From 1 October 2013, changes have been made to two pieces of Health and Safety legislation in an attempt to help businesses comply with the law.


The utility model belongs to the field of electronic technology application, and relates to a high-frequency electronic transformer, which comprises a commercial power supply, a full-bridge rectifying circuit, a high-frequency oscillating circuit, a startup triggering circuit, an anti-electromagnet interference absorbing circuit and a high-frequency output circuit. The high-frequency electronic transformer is characterized in that the high-frequency oscillating circuit comprises a high-frequency oscillator (T1), a silicon transistor BG1, a silicon transistor BG2 and the startup triggering circuit. The high-frequency electronic transformer provided by the utility model has the advantages similar to a switching voltage stabilizing power source, and one or more sets of different output voltages can be obtained; the circuit has overcurrent protection, so that once overload or short-circuit of the load at the output end occurs, the circuit can immediately stop oscillation to stop voltage output; the output end is well isolated from the commercial power supply; and the high-frequency electronic transformer is suitable for fabricating various direct-current power sources with power consumption not higher than 50 W. In addition, the high-frequency electronic transformer has the advantages of light weight and low fabrication cost.


Cascaded Integrator Comb (CIC) filters can perform filtering without multiplying operations and this quality makes practicing engineersand researchers find it highly useful especially for high sample rate signals. Regrettably, the monotonic passband characteristic of the filter generates an unavoidable high passband droop and low attenuation in the stopband which are not acceptable in many applications.Several works have been proposed to improve the performance of CIC filters either in the pass band or stop bandor both in a manner that will provide either smaller pass band error or greater stop band attenuation. This paper presents a new sharpening technique which depends on Taylor's expansion of the transfer function of the filter with the assumption that the filter passes dc signal without change. The technique allows the sharpened filter to be re sharpenedin order to bring the frequency response of the filter more nearly to an ideal value than the other sharpening techniques without increasing the computational complexity.A design example is presented to compare the passband droop and alias rejection of the original CIC filter, the sharpened CIC filters that use Binomial functions, and the proposed sharpened filter.All computations and response characteristics of the filters are performed using Matlab program. The proposed sharpening technique provides better attenuation of -187.80dB and pass band gain of -0.00171dB which corresponds to 21.4 % and 82.19 % improvement respectively over the best existing one.The proposed technique is used in multirate filtering system where improved filtering is needed.


By analyzing building era characteristics and carding current building aesthetic interest,the aesthetic thought of current building design was initiated,it pointed out that architect should improve self-culture,the disadvantage effect of influencing design was reduced to minimum,and designed good building and working.


The corrosion behavior of a borosilicate glass containing 20 mass 5 Na{sub 2}O was assessed using static dissolution tests. This glass (LD6-5412) is representative of high Na glasses that may be used to stabilize Hanford low-level radioactive waste. The normalized mass loss (NL) decreases as NL(Na) {approximately} NL(B) > NL(Si) in 20 and 40 C for tests conducted at glass surface area to leachant volume (S/V) ratio of 10 m{sup {minus}1}, and decreases as NL(Na) > NL(B) {approximately} NL(Si) in 90 C tests conducted at 10 m{sup {minus}1} and in all tests conducted at higher S/V. The difference in the corrosion behavior is probably caused by the influence of dissolved glass components in the leachates. The NL(Na) is greater than the NL(B) or NL(Si) in all the tests conducted. Results from long-term tests at 2,000 m{sup {minus}1} show that the preferential release of Na persists for longer than one year at all temperatures and indicate that Na is released from this glass by an ion exchange process.


Objective To investigate the expression of chemokines chemotactic for CD4+T cells in rat myocardium during ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI).Methods A rat IRI model was established by ligature of the descending anterior branch of left coronary artery for 45 min.The hearts were harvested at different reperfusion time points:0,2,6,9,12 h(4 rats in each group).Sham-operated hearts were also harvested at those time points as controls.The expression of chemokines chemotactic for CD4+T cells was determined by RT-PCR.The infiltrating CD4+ T cells were detected by immunohistolchemistry.The myocardiocyte injury was evaluated by histology.Result The expression of chemotactic chemokines for CD4+T cells increased rapidly as early as at 2 h after reperfusion,and then declined subsequently.CXCL-10 gene expression peaked at 2 h post-reperfusion whereas the other two members of the CXCR3 ligand family,CXCL9(Mig) and CXCL11(I-TAC),had delayed peaks at both 9 h and 12 h post-reperfusion.Alone with the chemokine expressions,both CD4+T cell infiltration was increased and myocardial injury was aggravated with reperfusion times.Conclusion The immune response against IR induces the expression of CD4-targeted chemokines which may play roles in the pathogenesis of heart infarction.


Aim of the paper is the study of how architectural representation changed in the digital age, focusing the relationship between the two following opposing aspects: on one hand the idea of progressive loss of any referentiality with the real world—as suggested by the concept of "Hypereality" defined by Baudrillard at the end of the Seventies, i.e., a simulated reality more real of reality; on the other hand computer-based visualization as tool for measurement, interpretation and understanding of the world. Through a reading of "The measure of the World" by Daniel Kehlmann and—in parallel—the telling of the laboratory educational work made in the Architectural Drawing Couse at L'Aquila University, the paper presents an experience that puts together the lines of "New Realism" and "Digital Videocultures", aiming at a revaluation of perception and architectural representation, as antidote to bulimic cannibalism of digital images, and as critical tool to analyze , interpret and undergo them to a validation/falsification process.


The paper reveals the possibility of the family in the process of integration of the people with disabilities into society. The authors consider socially important functions of the family as a public institution of socialization, socio-cultural integration and rehabilitation of the BWT.


Since the beginning of June 1999 the Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry is monitoring the displacements of a small, but unstable bridge within the city of Brunswick. As basic sensor for automatic and continuous monitoring an automated total station is installed below the bridge, which takes measurements to 180 reflecting targets on the structure three times per day. This paper begins with the outline of the basic concepts for the instrument setup, the longterm control of its stability and possible influencing factors. Then the processing of the time series of raw data is discussed, emphasing the filtering concepts to account for the detection of outliers, due to target corrosion or distortion. Finally the bridge is considered as a closed system and all the available information is used to generate a non-parametric model to describe its behaviour with tools from system analysis.


A survey of 171 articles focusing on cognitive pragmatics in the past 12 years( 2000—2011) published in the 14 domestic foreign languages journals leads to the following findings: 1) Overall research has showed an irregular change,not receiving great attention all the time; 2) There exists a bottleneck in theory study,lacking innovations; 3) Research scope is not wide enough,and few studies on methodology are made; 4) Empirical studies need improvement in reliability and validity. Based on this study,the authors propose some feasible suggestions on the developing trend of domestic cognitive pragmatics in the near future.


The educational act is a complex process. Teaching is an art. Even at present time, most classes in different institutions, schools, high schools or universities, are orthodox lectures that make the students lose their interest for learning. Pedagogical mediation is a valuable instrument that should be applied by most educators so that the educational act does not end up being a monotonous and boring suffering for learners.


The reaction of carboxylic acids with (chloromethyl)oxirane (epichlorohydrin, ECH) is used in the synthesis of glycidyl carboxylates, which have different applicathion, for example in the synthesis of epoxy resins. The presence of aromatic cycle in the structure of benzoic acid is its advantage over other carboxylic acids, because it's ensures the thermal stability of the products. Quaternary ammonium salts are effective catalysts the acidolysis of ECH. An important feature of the reaction was found in previous studies. It has been determined that real reaction catalyst is intermediate compound – carboxylate quaternary ammonium. Based on the above the studying of reaction's mechanism and the behavior of the quaternary ammonium salts are the actual problem.


In the title compound, [Cu(C8H4O4)(C12H11N5)2(H2O)]n, the CuII ion is five-coordinated by two carboxylate O atoms from two symmetry-related benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate ligands, two N atoms from two symmetry-related N 6-benzyladenine ligands and one water O atom in a square-pyramidal environment. The CuII and water O atoms lie on a twofold rotation axis, and the benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate ligand lies on an inversion center. The water O atom occupies the apical position and the basal plane is occupied by two O atoms and two N atoms. Each benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate anion acts as a bis-monodentate ligand that binds two CuII cations, forming an infinite chain extending parallel to [001]. The N 6-benzyladenine ligands are attached on both sides of the chain. Neighboring chains are further interconnected into the resulting three-dimensional supramolecular architecture via O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds.


Camera-based perception systems play a central role in modern autonomous vehicles. These camera based perception algorithms require an accurate calibration to map the real world distances to image pixels. In practice, calibration is a laborious procedure requiring specialised data collection and careful tuning. This process must be repeated whenever the parameters of the camera change, which can be a frequent occurrence in autonomous vehicles. Hence there is a need to calibrate at regular intervals to ensure the camera is accurate. Proposed is a deep learning framework to learn intrinsic and extrinsic calibration of the camera in real time. The framework is self-supervised and doesn't require any labelling or supervision to learn the calibration parameters. The framework learns calibration without the need for any physical targets or to drive the car on special planar surfaces.


Students as young generation and agent of change are required to be always active in academic and non-academic activities; therefore in the process, they will encounter various obstacles and obstacles. Not infrequently it makes them experience stress. The fact that students often do not know the situation that they are experiencing stress. So there is a need for a system to detect students stress levels to reduce the adverse impacts. With the development of Backpropagation method as a guided learning method combined using Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42) as a scale to identify stress levels in students based on emotional, physical, and behavioural variables. It is expected to be a reference in helping students to detect the level of stress they are experiencing. Also, the use of Backpropagation method is used to see the level of accuracy of data in the system.


It was detailed to introduce the basic structures,operating principles and the technical characteristic of a small-scaled supersonic wind tunnel equipment.It can complete air motive experiment under the condition where the Mach number scope is between 2 and 7.Mainly it can measure the Mach number,stagnation pressure,stagnation temperature,air flow and aerodynamic test of the supersonic speed air current;can also look into and study the shock wave,boundary layer separation and boundary layer etc the air current with the different Mach number forms in the model surface and can form continuous picture on the computer.It can widely be apply to the science research that relates aerodynamics,ammunition engineering and the aviation aerospace etc.


The focus of this study was to investigate teacher-related factors associated with performance in mathematics in public day primary schools in Nandi Central district, Kenya. Seventy-four (74) mathematics teachers participated in the study. Stratified, random, and purposive sampling techniques were used to obtain the samples for the study. Data collection was done using questionnaire which had been validated and subjected to a pilot study to establish its reliability. Each subscale of the questionnaire yielded a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.60 and higher. The study employed the descriptive statistics and inferential statistic (t-test) to analyze gathered data. The study revealed that the majority of mathematics teachers in Nandi Central district public day primary schools were trained with a teaching experience of between 11-20 years. However, they gave an average rating on the mathematics teachers' use of learning resources, teaching methodology, teacher preparation, commitment, and assessment and evaluation. Further, teachers in high performing schools rated the attitudes toward mathematics, teaching methodology, commitment, preparation, and use of learning resources, evaluation and assessment higher than their counterparts in the low performing schools. Future research ought to link research on teacher preparation with teacher induction with professional development.


This article proposes a workflow and reliability model for surgery patient identification using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). Certain types of mistakes may be prevented by automatically identifying the patient before surgery. The proposed workflow is designed to ensure that both the correct site and patient are engaged in the surgical process. The reliability model can be used to assess improvements in patients' safety during this process. A proof-of-concept system is developed to understand the information flow and to use information in RFID-based patient identification. Reliability model indicates the occurrences of patient identification error can be reduced from 90 to as low as 0.89 per 10,000 surgeries using the proposed RFID based workflow.


Esteem (pyriproxifen) with and without HMO (horticultural mineral oil) was evaluated at different application timings for control of San Jose scale and compared to delayed-dormant applications of Lorsban (chlorpyrifos) and Supracide (methidathion). The application timings evaluated were delayed dormant (green tip), pink, petal fall, 100 degree days (DD) from codling moth Biofix, and first emergence of San Jose scale crawlers. Fruit evaluation of Red Delicious apples indicated that all treatments provided commercial control of San Jose scale compared to the untreated check. The treatment 100 DD after codling moth Biofix and the summer treatment of Esteem allowed some survival of San Jose scale crawlers compared to the other chemical treatments. In summary, delayed-dormant and bloom timings of Esteem resulted in season-long control of San Jose scale while applications in late May to early June (beginning of crawler emergence) were less effective.


From five species of wild birds which were collected in the period of January, 1990~March, 1990, three species of nematodes were identified. The three species were Dispharynx nasuta(Rudolphi, 1819) in Spiruridae and Diplotriaena manipoli Chu, 1931 in Fillaridae. They are the first recording species in Korea and the morphological characters of each species(male & female) are described.


A sheet feeding device includes a sheet supporting portion which supports sheets, a restricting member which is movably disposed in the sheet supporting portion and is moved to a position according to the sheet supported by the sheet supporting portion, to restrict the position of the sheet; and a lock mechanism including a lock projection which is disposed in the restricting member so as to be pivotable in a movement direction of the restricting member and a plurality of lock grooves which are formed on a side of the sheet supporting portion and disengageably engage with the lock projection,so as to restrict movement of the restricting member in a direction reverse to a sheet restricting direction. The pivotal center of the lock projection in the lock mechanism is located downward of the position of an engaging portion between the lock projection and the lock groove.


BMJ USA VOLUME 4 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2004 (p7) E270 Three articles published in this issue (pp 23, 28, 45) nicely delineate several key issues related to use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs). These articles not only place the relative effectiveness of AEDs into better context, but they also provide insight into the limitations of AEDs and starting points for further research. AEDs have been highly effective in certain public settings where designated rescuers (eg, flight attendants or security guards) or a large number of bystanders are immediately available. AED use within first two minutes after collapse can dramatically improve outcome over traditional methods. In the most successful traditional emergency medical services (EMS) systems, overall rates of hospital admission following sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest associated with ventricular fibrillation (VF) exceeded 60% when bystanders witnessed the event and performed basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This is a near-miraculous statistic considering that VF is typically unexpected, unheralded, and almost uniformly lethal if CPR or defibrillation is not performed within the first few minutes. Nevertheless, even in such successful systems where the community knew and performed CPR in nearly 50% of cases, the majority of resuscitated patients still arrived at the hospital unconscious. In turn, only two thirds of these patients eventually awoke and survived with good neurological status. Moreover, when bystanders did not perform CPR, near-equal numbers of admissions occurred, but many fewer awoke and survived. AEDs have helped to improve those results. In a recent study of public use of AEDs at the Chicago airports, there was not only an extremely high resuscitation rate, but all of the resuscitated patients regained normal neurological status. In fact, the majority of survivors were awakening before EMS crews arrived, and almost all by hospital admission. This obviated the need for traditional intensive care unit (ICU) monitoring, mechanical ventilation, and other expensive therapies. Arguably, this increase in number of functional survivors might lead to additional health care costs (eg, placement of implantable defibrillators, cardiac surgery, coronary artery interventions), but this is a more desirable use of resources than avoidable and unfruitful ICU costs. However, despite well-deserved enthusiasm for AEDs, most cardiac arrests do not occur in public settings in view of multiple witnesses. The "successful" (high survival) reports about AEDs typically come from unique, targeted circumstances such as casinos, airplanes, and airports providing a high concentration of AEDs, intensive publicity, and many potential rescuers on site. As Liddle and colleagues state in this issue, AED use is optimal in the first 90 seconds. That time criterion generally limits success to circumstances predisposing to immediate recognition of a cardiac arrest by a bystander, along with immediate access to a highly visible AED. In the very first AED case reported from Chicago's O'Hare International Airport, the collapse occurred in front of one of the authors (SCV), yet the time from collapse to shock still exceeded 90 seconds. Even under optimal circumstances such as this, it takes time to recognize the collapse, access the AED, expose the chest, apply the pads, perform final assessments, and start the device. Therefore, a "zero response interval" is not a zero interval to shock. All survivors in that study received shocks within five minutes and all received immediate performance of basic CPR techniques, even if briefly. By contrast, in their clinical trial of first-responder AED use, van Alem and colleagues reported "collapse to shock" intervals, demonstrating that even with firstresponders, shocks were not given for over 11 minutes. This information is critically pertinent because evolving evidence demonstrates that countershocks provided to a relatively ischemic heart may be detrimental. Controlled trials in systems with dispatch to scene arrival intervals of about 5 minutes (perhaps translating into a collapse to shock interval of 8 minutes or more) demonstrate that survival with good neurological recovery is improved if basic CPR is first provided for a few minutes prior to the first shock. Therefore, in addition to a potential type II statistical problem (not enough numbers to detect a difference in survival) and the discussed improvements in the dispatch process, it is quite possible that this study might have shown improved survival rates with alternative strategies for the timing of CPR and AED use. Also in this issue, Walker and colleagues raise further concern that widespread placement of AEDs in public locations (where only 10-15% of sudden deaths occur) may not be cost-effective. Again, these January/February 2004


This study aims (1) to find out whether there is a significant difference in short story text reading ability between students who take part in learning using reciprocal strategies and students who take lessons without using reciprocal strategies on VII grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Kasihan; and (2) testing the effectiveness of reciprocal strategies in learning to read short stories on VII grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Kasihan. The method used is quantitative research. The results of the t-test analysis of posttest t-data on the ability to read short stories in the control group and the experimental group obtained tcount of 8.364; df = 60; and p is 0.000 (p < 0.05). Based on the t-test analysis of the pretest and posttest data of the experimental group, obtained tcount of 8.969; df=30 and p by 0.000 (p < 0.05). These results idicate that there is a significant difference in the ability to read short stories between students who take lessons with reciprocal strategies and students who take lessons without reciprocal strategies. The study also showed a different increase in scores, namely the control group of 3.6 and the experimental group of 17.2. Keyword— effectiveness, reciprocal strategy, reading


The mechanical performances and microstructure of Ti–6Al–4V built by selective laser melting were evaluated by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and room temperature tensile testing, and compared with the wrought and as-cast material. The flow behavior of the as-produced Ti–6Al–4V at temperatures varying from 700–900 °C at an interval of 50 °C and strain rates ranging from 10−2–101 s−1 was experimentally acquired. According to the experimental measurement, the Johnson–Cook, modified Arrhenius model, and artificial neural network were constructed. A comparative investigation on the predictability of established models was performed. The as-produced microstructure is made up of non-equilibrium martensite and columnar grains, leading to higher strength and lower ductility with respect to the conventional material. In room temperature tensile tests, the SLMed Ti–6Al–4V shows the characteristics of continuous yielding and unobvious work-hardening. The flow stress rapidly reaches the peak, and the softening rate depends on the strain rates and deformed temperatures in hot compression. The Johnson–Cook model could well predict the flow stress during quasi-static tensile deformation, but the model constants might vary with the process conditions. For dynamic compression, the artificial neural network exhibits higher accuracy to fit the flow stress of SLMed Ti–6Al–4V, and higher error to predict the conditions out of the model data, compared to the modified Arrhenius model involving the compensation of strain rate and strain.


ABSTRACT It is well-known that the space of derivations of n-dimensional evolution algebras with non-singular matrices is zero. On the other hand, the space of derivations of evolution algebras with matrices of rank n−1 have also been completely described in the literature. In this work, we provide a complete description of the space of derivations of evolution algebras associated to graphs, depending on the twin partition of the graph. For graphs without twin classes with at least three elements, we prove that the space of derivations of the associated evolution algebra is zero. Moreover, we describe the spaces of derivations for evolution algebras associated to the remaining families of finite graphs. It is worth pointing out that our analysis includes examples of finite dimensional evolution algebras with matrices of any rank.


Winery waste water, consisting primarily of clean-up water containing grape and wine residues, is being successfully treated by a long-term activated sludge treatment system. Retention time in the activated sludge basins ranges from 10 to 20 days. The system includes a screen, two activated sludge basins, clarifier, chlorination system, reaeration basin, sludge recycle and sludge digestion basin. Nutrients (anhydrous ammonia and phosphoric acid) are added to the influent. A polymer flocculant is added to enhance settleability of suspended solids in the clarifier. Characteristics of the treatment system influent and effluent are given, for both pressing (two months) and processing (10 months) seasons. System has achieved an efficiency of 99% in reduction of BOD 5 . Nitrogen and phosphorus removal has exceeded 90%. Total suspended solids concentration in the effluent was less than 20 mg/l. Problems encountered in the operation of the system generally have been related to low temperature. Ice formation in the wintertime resulted in loss of biological activity in the activated sludge basins and equipment damage. Installation of a submerged turbine aeration system solved the wintertime aeration and mixing problems.


Objective
To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and the safety profiles of Xugu Oil Moist Compress (XOMC) via animal experiments.

Methods
Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, Voltaren group and XOMC high-, medium- and low-dose groups (n=10 each) . The animals received skin application of corresponding agents before injection of egg white. The thickness of the swollen rat limbs was measured at baseline and at 0. 5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after the injection, such that the effect of XOMC on egg white induced toe swelling in rats and its action against acute inflammation were evaluated. A total of 100 NIH mice were randomly divided into the xylene-induced inflammation group and glacial acetic acid writhing group. Each of these two groups was further divided into the control group, Voltaren group and XOMC high-, medium- and low-dose groups (n=10 each) to be applied with corresponding agents once daily for 3 consecutive days. In the xylene-induced inflammation group, the mice were applied with xylene to induce inflammation at 1 h after the last skin administration, and sacrificed 30 min later, such that the effect of XOMC on xylene-induced auricle swelling and its anti-inflammatory action were evaluated. In acetic acid writhing group, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with acetic acid (0.2 ml each) at 1 h after the last skin administration, such that the writhing of the mice within 15 min following the injection, and the analgesic effect of XOMC on glacial acetic acid induced writhing were determined. Thirty-two back-shaved albino guinea pigs were randomized into the single-dose group and the multiple-dose group. Each of these two groups was divided into the skin-intact group and skin-damaged group (n=8 each) . The mice in the single-dose group were washed off the topical XOMC at 24 h after application, and observed for the skin condition at 1, 24, and 72 h. The mice in the multiple-dose group received skin administration of XOMC 3 times daily for 7 days, and were subject to a 7-day observation of the skin condition after discontinuation of XOMC, such that the effect of XOMC on the intact and damaged skin of guinea pigs, and its safety for external use were evaluated.

Results
Compared with the control group, the toe swelling of the rats in the Voltaren group, XOMC high-, medium- and low-dose groups was milder at 0.5 and 1 h after administration (all P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the severity of auricle swelling in mice of Voltaren group, XOMC high- and medium-dose groups was milder (all P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the number of writhing in mice of the Voltaren group, XOMC high-, medium- and low-dose groups was fewer (all P<0.05) . In the single-dose experiment, all the guinea pigs in the skin-intact group and skin-damaged group survived 1, 24, and 72 h after application, and were normal in dieting, behavioral activities, eyes and mucosa, mental state, feces and secretions; inspection of XOMC-applied site did not reveal significant erythema and edema of the skin. In the multiple-dose experiment, all guinea pigs in the skin-intact group and skin-damaged group survived 7 days of XOMC treatment and 7-day observation after discontinuation, and were normal in dieting, behavioral activities, eye and mucosa, breathing, mental state, feces and secretions; inspection of XOMC-applied site did not reveal significant pigmentation, petechia, roughening or thinning of the skin; all damaged sites of the skin had been covered with incrustation.

Conclusion
XOMC exhibits obvious actions in anti-inflammation and analgesia, and does not elicit topical or systemic skin allergies in external use.

Key words:
Xugu Oil Moist Compress; Anti-inflammatory agent (TCD); Analgesia; Safety evaluation


It is sometimes overlooked that a function does not necessarily maximize where its derivative is zero. Oftentimes, a function will maximize at an end point of the range for which it is defined. Thus careful consideration must be given to the range over which functions are valid. In this paper a novel example of such a function is presented and a brief history and review of spherical particle packing in the context of crystallography are given.


In this work ihe theoretical hypothesis about discrete behavior of Time and Physical Space is entered in consideration. The consequences following from a prediction of a quantum nature of Time and Physical Space are analyzed.


The present investigation carried out in the Decentralized Autonomous Government of the Montalvo canton allows to detect the determination of the visual risk factors in the municipal workers in charge of the collection of organic and inorganic wastes of the locality, where the main problem discovered lies in the state of visual health that they maintain by being in direct contact with some component of eye risk, subsequently, the general objective of the research is based on identifying the risk factors at the visual level associated with contact with organic and inorganic wastes in the workers of the Municipal of the Canton Montalvo, for this, the research methodology based on the deductive and scientific methods was used by means of a field and descriptive investigation of everything carried out with the application of investigative techniques of survey and clinical laboratory examination with the help of its instruments for the collection of the respective information, subsequently, the results obtained showed that the majority of workers have presented abnormalities in their ocular organ due to contact with solid wastes that have caused infections, irritation, decreased visual acuity, among others, affecting their performance labor and health status; and finally; In conclusion, the latent relationship between the variables under study is evidenced because there are visual level risk factors immersed in organic and inorganic wastes that manipulate the observation units and that cause them to alter their visual health of each of them over time.


The method proposed here analyzes the social sentiments from collected tweets that have at least 1 of 800 sentimental or emotional adjectives. By dealing with tweets posted in a half a day as an input document, the method uses Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to extract social sentiments, some of which coincide with our daily sentiments. The extracted sentiments, however, indicate lowered sensitivity to changes in time, which suggests that they are not suitable for predicting daily social or economic events. Using LDA for the representative 72 adjectives to which each of the 800 adjectives maps while preserving word frequencies permits us to obtain social sentiments that show improved sensitivity to changes in time.


Editor—Salisbury et al have provided evidence that community dermatology, delivered by a general practitioner with a special interest, is accessible, well liked by patients, and effective.1 This comes as no surprise to those of us working in this service. However, I was unable to understand how Coast et al found it to be nearly twice as expensive for the NHS as hospital outpatient care.2 I cannot refute the findings of this particular study, as the …


The nature of metroplex operations is interdependencies among its component airports. The operational interdependencies require a system view to study metroplex operations and a system-wide coordination solution method to solve and improve metroplex issues. This paper developed a link-node simulation model to study three typical generic metroplex layouts: tandem, parallel, and crossing. By studying the impact of sharing fixes and system-wide scheduling metroplex operations in the given generic metroplex layouts, decoupling fixes and temporal coordination among airports can improve system efficiency in a certain level.


The productivity of single-slope solar still is limit due to limited amount of solar energy absorbed, and that directly affected the evaporation process. For enhancing the evaporation in solar still, two ways are experimentally investigated. The first, a specially designed solar collecting tank is used to pre-heat raw water before it inters the basin of still. The second, two sizes of iron wicks are used to increase the area of solar absorbing element inside the still. The results show that the still productivity enhanced by 86.65 % and 72.53 % in deferent types of wicks, and about 48.83% by solar collecting tank compared with conventional solar still.


We appreciated the "Balancing Redox Equations" article by W. B. Jensen (1). For additional insights, we direct readers to an excellent Web site about chemical reaction stoichiometry (2). W. R. Smith, I. Sikaneta, and R.W.Missen established this Web site in 1998. Earlier, Smith andMissen published three articles in this Journal related to chemical stoichiometry (3-5) and more recently made reference to their Web site (6). The Web site contains a wealth of information about chemical stoichiometry. This includes the theory behind the matrix-reduction method, its application to several interesting chemical examples, and a java applet called JSTOICH. Chemical equations are a chemical description of the conservation of chemical elements. A crucial issue is the number of such equations required for a complete description. In simple cases, a single equation suffices, but this is not always the case. An exercise that appeared in a recent edition of a general chemistry text asked the student to balance the following chemical equation (7) in basic aqueous solution:


Shirkah is a contract of cooperation between two or more people in one capital, skills, or trust in a particular business with profit sharing based on the ratio, Shirkah is very important role in the economic growth of society. However, there are differences of opinion among fuqahâ regarding the types of shirkah that are permitted in Islam. This study discusses the fuqaha's views on the permissibility of the types of shirkah and their application in cooperatives from a theoretical and practical perspective through the study of some literature and observation of the application of these types in cooperatives. The method used in this research is a literature study that collects information from books, journals, and other sources related to shirkah contracts and cooperatives. The results show that the shirkah contract in the sharia cooperative business is a form of business that is in accordance with sharia principles. However, there are differences of opinion among fuqaha regarding the permissibility of the types of shirkah applied in the practice. Therefore, it is important for cooperative managers to understand these differences of opinion in order to choose the right type of shirkah that is in accordance with sharia principles.

Keywords: Shirkah, Types of shirkah contracts, Cooperatives


In this paper, we analyze the performance of the ergodic capacity and outage capacity in the presence of random blockage under the generalized $\eta-\mu$ and $\kappa-\mu$ fading channels. Specifically, exact analytical expressions for the ergodic capacity and outage capacity in the presence of random blockage are derived. Based on the derived expressions, the influence of fading parameters and probability of blocking on the system performance is investigated. The analytical results are validated through Monte-Carlo simulations. The results show that the system performance improves when the fading parameters increase and (or) the probability of blockage decreases.


The assessment of the role of introduction in forming the adventitious flora fraction at Voronezh Region protected nature reserve has been held. There 16 particularly protected nature sanctuaries of Voronezh region were taken as trial objects. They show all the range of diversity of zonal and azonal vegetable community of the region: 2 federal sanctuaries, 1 natural preserve museum of architecture and archeology, 2 federal preserves, 1 oblast preserve and 10 regional nature memorials. Traditional methods of studies and analysis of flora were used, they were taxonomical, typological, comparative and statistical. Adventive fraction of floras of protected nature reserve includes 262 of taxons, 5 hybrids, 1 subspecies and 1 type. They are all related to 178 kinds and 66 families. The number of adventive types in flora of natural preserve of Voronezh oblast is 58 % out of total adventitious flora of the region. 15(22.7 %) adventive flora families out of 66 are alien but 13 families came into existence as a result of the purpose introduction: Anacardiaceae, Araliaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Hippocastanaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Hymber of drophyllaceae, Juglandaceae, Oxalidaceae, Portulacacae, Rutaceae, Schisandraceae, Vitaceae. More than a half of the adventive types (55 %) can be referred to the group of ergasiofits. Main part of them are not widely disseminated in the particularly protected nature areas. High level of constancy is shown only by the invasive north American transformer type Acer negundo L., that can be met at 11 out of 16 particularly protected nature zone models. There are 19 types of transformers, 8 of them are ergasiofits within agriofits and epecofits grown at particularly protected nature zone: Salix fragilis L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K. Koch, Sambucus racemosa L.,Parthenocissus inserta (A. Kern.) Fritsch, P. quinquefolia (L.) Planch, Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. et Gray., Acer negundo.


Mathematical models of a radio channel of MMW interaction adequate to features are necessary for creation of energetically optimum MMW radiolines with ions and molecules of atmospheric gases, with hydrometeors and turbulent indignations of air


INSURANCE FOR medical services, with some measure of control by the various provinces in Canada, is inevitable. In a recent letter to the editor of this Journal (Canad. Al. A. J., 83: 331, 1960) Dr. J. H. MacDermot mentions the prevailing anxiety about the future of medicine in Canada. This of course was brought to the attention of everyone by the recent election in Saskatchewan. The author agrees with the general theme of Dr. MacDermot's letter that we as a profession must negotiate with the government with understanding, sympathy and tolerance. However, we still have considerable cause for anxiety. We are experiencing a revolution in methods of delivery of medical care and we are not prepared for it. We cannot help but ask why this difficulty between government and profession should exist. Why should the effect of statism in medicine create near panic in our thinking? It is surely a paradox, in this age when medical science has contributed so much to the welfare of humanity, that we as a profession are not trusted to lead and advise government in what is generally considered not only necessary but obligatory. In the same letter Dr. MacDermot submits that we already have a plan to cover medical services. He is referring to the existing voluntary prepayment plans. But herein lies our difficulty, in that we are putting the cart before the horse. Economics should and could be worked out when we are certain that an adequate service can be delivered. The author would like to submit the thesis that we are failing in the delivery of a comprehensive medical service and to discuss the reasons why such service is inadequate. In the development of any health insurance plan now in existence in the Western world (with the possible exception of that in Australia) the comprehensive nature of medical service has not been adequately considered. During the past century, chiefly because of the many important advances made by medical science, both the medical profession and government have thought in terms of hospital and consultant medicine and have overlooked certain primary essentials that are extremely important to the average patient. The politicians are not dull. They have looked into the minds and hearts of their voters, who have revealed to them the inadequacies of medical service as they see them. Let us endeavour to understand this. Those of us who have studied the effects of Britain's National Health Service, who have followed the reports thereon in the literature, and who have visited Britain on one or more occasions, have arrived at certain conclusions. In the writer's view, the National Health Service of Bevan was a masterpiece of government planning. It succeeded in making a great contribution in hospital and consultant services across the nation; it raised the standards of these services almost to that of the university hospital level. In its basic general practitioner service however, except in certain instances where the personality of the practitioner overcame the inadequacies, it has been a sad, sad story. It is failing to deliver the essentials, which will be discussed later. It has divided the profession into two parts as by an iron curtain. But if the College of General Practitioners had been in existence for a period of time sufficient for it to establish its prestige and to make its contribution as a consultant body alongside the Royal Colleges, many of these errors could have been avoided. We are in the same danger in Canada unless we have the breadth of vision inherent in the concept of comprehensive medicine. However, in contemplating this revolution that is taking place in the delivery of medical care, and that has now arrived in Canada, we may underestimate the profound effect that statism in medicine, especially in Britain, is having upon our thinking in this country. What, then, are some of the essentials of any comprehensive medical service?


Under comparable conditions in aqueous ethanol the hindered ester, 2-acetylphenyl mesitoate (IV) was hydrolysed 130 times more rapidly than the 4-isomer (V) as a result of participation by the keto-carbonyl group. Such participation in anhydrous methanol was shown to result in the formation of the dimethyl acetal (IX) of 2-hydroxy-acetophenone under basic conditions and to support a mechanism involving intramolecular nucleophilic attack by the conjugate base of the solvated keto-carbonyl group upon the ester carbonyl group of the ester (IV). That this attack is, in part, rate determining, was shown by the much greater susceptibility to intramolecular cyclisation of the unhindered ester, 2-acetylphenyl benzoate (X).


Germanium doping in silicon tends to suppress any enhancement in dopant diffusion due to excess point defects. By performing a dual implantation of germanium and the normal source-drain dopant, lateral diffusion of the source-drain profile can be controlled, thus resulting in improved short-channel device behavior.<<ETX>>


The article is devoted to civil procedure legislation about court's decisions retrial, it's main characteristics in Russian legislation before 1917, and possibilities of using history experience.


Kala-azar, or visceral leishmaniasis, is not an indigenous disease in the United States. Prior to 1945, only nine cases had been reported in this country. Several reports following World War II, estimated that 50 to 75 cases had occurred in American servicemen who had been stationed overseas. Since World War II only three cases have been reported in the United States.
 Two cases of Kala-azar which were diagnosed in the United States are presented. Leishmania donovani is discussed to alert physicians to the presence of this parasite as a cause of a potentially fatal disease. The children were probably infected with the organism in Spain.


Objective: To analyze labeling adequacy of allergenic foods in accordance with Resolution no. 26, of July 2, 2015. Methodology: The agreement of allergen declarations was evaluated on 221 labels of processed foods commercialized in three distinct supermarket chains. The products were subdivided into ten food groups (breads and cereals; fish and crustaceans; eggs and derivatives; oily seeds; milk and derivatives; soybeans and derivatives; pastas; sweets, cakes and biscuits; meats and processed meats and alcoholic beverages) and were categorized as "inadequate" when they failed to meet any criteria set forth in the resolution. In order to detail the inadequacies, the following classifications were adopted: incorrect location of the declaration on the label, incomplete declaration and/or inadequate formatting and nonexistent declaration. Results: The evaluated food labels showed that 31.7% (n=70) were identified as inadequate. Of these inadequacies, it was observed that 48.6% were classified as "Nonexistent Declaration". It was also observed that the inadequacies were found in the ten food groups. Conclusion: National regulatory labeling norms have innovated regarding the protection of allergic consumers, however, there are still several irregularities in their compliance. Investigations of this nature are relevant to public health and must be carried out to demand supervision and implementation of the current legislation.