Strain‐induced precipitation (SIP) plays an important role in controlling the microstructure and properties of micro‐alloyed steels during hot rolling. However, due to lack of systematic experiments, the existing precipitation data are scarce and insufficient for accurate modeling of SIP behavior with good extrapolation. Herein, the data space of Niobium Carbonitride (Nb(C,N)) SIP kinetics is analyzed based on principle of orthogonal design, and the missing points in the orthogonal space are identified and supplemented in addition to the available data. The parameters in models for precipitation start and finish times are optimized by using the precipitation–time–temperature curves through genetic algorithm, and their relationships with compositions and processing conditions are established by support vector machine. Based on the orthogonally modified dataset, the machine learning (ML) models outperform the classical and ML models with the original data in terms of accuracy and are in good agreement with theoretical expectations. By using the new ML modeling, the evolution behavior of Nb (C, N) during hot deformation is predicted and verified with transmission electron microscope, and the influences of Nb content in steel, strain, strain rate, and the sensitivity of compositions and processing conditions on precipitation kinetics are quantitatively analyzed.


A novel polyaniline (PANI)/H2Ti4O9 lamellar nanocomposite has been synthesized by in situ polymerization using aniline intercalation compound (ANI)/H2Ti4O9 as the intermediate. According to the exp...


Using a novel radioligand, we have identified high-affinity binding sites (KD=0.44F0.13 nM) for the recently discovered peptide, neuropeptide W (NPW), in rat brain. Binding density was highest in the amygdala (Bmax=149.9F13.8 fmol/mg protein), thalamic, and hypothalamic nuclei. A similar distribution was observed in mouse brain. We have confirmed the identity of these binding sites as the Gprotein-coupled receptor, NPW1 (previously designated orphan receptor GPR7), using site-directed antisera that revealed receptors were expressed by neuronal cell bodies and processes. Additionally, we have demonstrated the presence of NPW-like immunoreactivity in neuronal cell bodies in areas projecting to the amygdala, such as the dorsal raphe nucleus and ventral tegmental area, providing evidence for an emerging new transmitter system. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Theme: Cellular and molecular biology Topic: Staining, tracing, and imaging techniques


A 5-day-old male newborn of 39 weeks' gestational age was brought to the emergency department (ED) with a complaint of "shaking of upper and lower extremities and fussiness" since birth. After the initial episode at home, he presented to the primary care physician with 2 more shaking episodes that occurred in clusters of 3 minutes described as jerking of both upper and lower extremities with occasional head jerking. The shaking is not associated with eye rolling or with feeds. Concerned about possible seizures, the physician recommended admission to the NICU for further evaluation. The patient did not have a fever, rash, or upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. There was 1 episode of nonbilious, nonbloody vomiting on the day of presentation. He had 10 to 11 wet diapers per day and 8 to 9 stools per day. There was no change in alertness and energy.

He is a term infant, born by repeat cesarean delivery to a 32-year-old gravida 5-3-0-2-3 mother, who had received adequate prenatal care. The pregnancy was pertinent for a history of Escherichia coli –positive urinary tract infection at 24 weeks' gestation and a medical history that included a Chlamydia infection, which had been diagnosed and treated before this pregnancy. Fetal movement and cervical examination findings were normal. She was group B Streptococcus negative, rapid plasma reagin test nonreactive, rubella immune, and hepatitis B surface antigen …


There is not always harmony between the regional growth and distribution in the reality because the residential place and working site are largely different in Korea. In reality values added are tended to be translated from the provincial areas to the capital area, from the adjacent province to the metropolitan city, and from the contiguous regions to Seoul. Especially Gyeonggi Province is suffering from the most amount of the regional growth efflux in Korea. Around forty percent of it moves out. And most of cites and counties of Gyeonggi Province experience the efflux of GRDP because they are located near Seoul and developed as new industrial areas. Though such phenomena might be considered fair and natural in private sector searching for the self-interest, they occur inefficiency of resource allocation among the local governments. Thus the government policies are needed to compensate such discrepancy among the local government. First the central government should adjust the discrepancy among cities and provinces through the grant distribution, Gyeonggi Province should do it among cities and counties through the provincial grant.


Abstract The evaluation of the cultural heritage from the perspective of the optimal ways of use requires a complex analysis that must be related both to its multiple patrimonial values and to the economic value. In this context, the evaluation of cultural heritage is difficult due to its characteristics such as uniqueness, authenticity and irreversibility. The purpose of this study is to assess the value of non-use of cultural heritage buildings in a small Romanian town, Oraviţa. The evaluation was carried out using the contingent method that allowed to identify the perception of the local community on the cultural heritage and the concern regarding its conservation. The cultural objectives that the local population has selected, mentioning the desire to pay for their conservation, contribute to shaping the tourist attractiveness of Oraviţa.


The invention relates to a method of extracting oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from a pawpaw. The method of extracting the oleanolic acid and the ursolic acid from the pawpaw includes that a fresh pawpaw is dried in the sun, grinded, and boiled in water to get extracting solution, concentration of the extracting solution is adjusted, the extracting solution is filtered to get supernate, and the supernate is separated by macroporous resin. Through the method of extracting the oleanolic acid and the ursolic acid from the pawpaw, extractive which is high in content of effective elements can be achieved, the method of extracting the oleanolic acid and the ursolic acid from the pawpaw is without large scale equipment, short in extraction time, high in production efficiency, simple in processing steps, moderate in conditions, safe and non-toxic in reagent, and environmental friendly. The method of extracting the oleanolic acid and the ursolic acid from the pawpaw is provided with wide industrial application value and suitable for large-scale production.


Article is educated to a problem of housing construction in the middle of 1953-1964 living conditions of townspeople have improved: the separate apartment or the separate house have turned to prevailing type of city dwelling; the municipal narrowness, barracks, трущобное habitation became destiny not a great bulk, but a smaller part of townspeople. Scope of housing construction with 1956 for 1963 has accepted really the grandiose sizes in which result the national available housing has grown almost in 2 times.


To improve the coating quality and to minimize the lost of the magnet material to the intermetallic reaction, we have first coated the magnets with either Ti or Ni, and followed by a layer of A1 by using high vacuum evaporation. The thickness of each coating is about 1 pm. The samples were then put into various heat treatments. In order to identify the phases formed between the A1 coating and the initially coated Ti or Ni layer, we had dipped the samples into concentrated NaOH solution for 1 hour, and the samples were rinsed and examined. In the etching process, the AI layer would have been dissolved if it did not react to form intermetallic compounds with Ti or Ni. The possible phases formed during annealing were determined by the electron probe microanalysis, and their morphologies were examined by scanning electron microscooe.


Gratitude as a response to benefactions is manifest variously in social interactions as remembered by biblical narratives. Attention to key vocabulary, which was particularly developed in the patron-client relationships of the Graeco-Roman cultures, is fruitfully joined with attention to gestures, postures, public settings, and other non-verbal modes of communication to witness how gratitude was an essential to these relationships. This article explores several stories from the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament to discern how the reciprocity of benefaction and gratitude operated. It will also describe how Divine benefaction and human gratitude shared significant similarities with these expressions of reciprocity.


genic injuries in these pain insensitive individuals. Rozentsveig V. and Katz A (2). reviewed 20 patients with CIPA for anesthetic management and incidence of side effects. Fifteen out of 20 had cardiovascular complications including cardiac arrest. Though pain is not a primary concern in the perioperative management of patients with HSAN, the attendant systemic involvements according to the type of neuropathy impose additional challenges. Correct diagnosis & adequate perioperative vigil are thus indispensable to foresee and prevent complications. Manu Varshney Kiran Kumar Girdhar Saurabh Taneja Munisha Agarwal Preeti Goyal Varshney Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive care & Perioperative medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, NewDelhi, India (email: email@example.com)


Abstract A clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in releasing seed dormancy is important for effective plant conservation and regeneration of desert species. The dormancy types and dormancy release mechanisms of 19 Fabaceae species from four cold deserts in Xinjiang province, China, were studied. An imbibition experiment was performed to determine the presence or absence of physical dormancy. Other treatments included mechanical scarification, sulphuric acid scarification and simulation of summer temperatures typically encountered in the field. High summer temperature treatments included a maximum soil temperature of 80°C, 65°C and 40°C, conducted under dry and wet conditions. The results showed that all the species had orthodox seeds. Caragana korshinskii, Caragana intermedia, Caragana microphylla and Onobrychis taneitica seeds were not dormant. Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Ammodendron bifolium, Vicia costata and Eremosparton songoricum seeds had combinational dormancy (PY+PD) whereas the other 11 species had physical dormancy. The mechanical scarification and sulphuric acid scarification treatments were significant to break dormancy (>80%). Melilotus suaveolens and Oxytropis sp. seeds were temperature-insensitive. Sophora alopecuroides, S. salsula, E. songoricum, A. bifolium and Cassia tora seeds were wet-heat sensitive. Glycyrrhiza glabra seeds were dry-heat sensitive, while those of Halimodendron halodendron and Astragalus lehmannianus were sensitive to both dry and wet heat. Although high temperatures, typical of summer, promoted the breaking of physical dormancy, the proportion of seeds of which dormancy was broken differed among species. These differences were indicative of the conditions in which the species are found naturally. Species may have different adaptations that promote favourable regeneration. Given suitable temperature and moisture conditions similar to those in their natural environment, most species were capable of regeneration.


I. Negro residential segregation, 176. — II. Segregation in Detroit and Chicago, 178. — III. The distribution of negro employment, 179. — IV. Negro employment by occupation and industry, 183. — V. The level of nonwhite employment, 189. — VI. Suburbanization and negro employment, 191. — VII. Postwar dispersal of employment and population in Chicago, 192. — VIII. Conclusions, 196.


The development of information technology in the field of education is used as a medium to help improve the services of educational institutions. SMAN 94 Jakarta is one of the educational institutions that collect alumni every year, but the process of alumni data collection is done manually using paper media. It is not effective and efficient to produce information. This research aims to create an information system that utilizes web facilities at SMA Negeri 94 Jakarta institutions to help record alumni. The preparation of this information system uses waterfall method. The programming languages used are HTML, PHP, and JavaScript supported with MySQL as its database. In addition, the preparation of this information system was built by utilizing a PHP framework with an MVC concept called Laravel to improve the quality of the software. The result of this study is the creation of an information system for data collection of alumni of SMA Negeri 94 Jakarta can support the process of data collection of alumni into an information material to improve the quality of education services.


We demonstrate the "biprimary" color system with dual particle electrophoretic dispersions and a 3-electrode system. Preliminary contrast ratios reach 10:1. Furthermore an electrokinetic cell is demonstrated confirming basic functionality for EKD panels. A theoretical pixel simulation confirms biprimary doubles the color performance compared to RGBW pixels.


While the COVID-19 pandemic has recently jeopardized blood programs' abilities to satisfy transfusion demands, the national blood supply had already earned reproach. At their November 2015 meeting, the Advisory Committee on Blood and Tissue Safety and Availability concluded that there was evidence of a "blood crisis." A year later, the committee declared that circumstances had worsened and the blood supply was "very fragile." In the same year, a report sponsored by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, conducted by a division of the RAND Corporation, assessed the United States blood system as operating in a period of "flux and uncertainty." For the authors of a 2017 sounding board article in the New England Journal of Medicine, there was evidence that "a once-reliable system is faltering." On reflection, challenges to the sustainability of the blood supply should have been anticipated, especially since Zou et al. had predicted, in 2008, that there could be severe shortages of blood and components unless supply improved or usage was reduced. Their prophetic remarks were prompted by a review of the ages of volunteers donating between 1996 and 2005. They noted significant decreases during this time in donations by individuals between 25 and 49 years of age, while older donors, those more than 50 years of age, contributed increasingly to inventories. This aging of the donor base was confirmed by others. At this author's blood center, the effect is particularly evident amongst apheresis platelet donors. Figure 1 shows the increasing reliance on older donors and the failure to recruit individuals in the younger age groups who were previously reliable supporters of the apheresis platelet program. For example, in 2001, 34% of the apheresis platelet annual inventory came from individuals between the ages of 36 and 45 but this percentage contribution had dwindled to 12% in 2020. Why the crisis in the sustainability of the blood supply did not become apparent earlier may well have to do with the comment from Zou et al. about a mitigating role for decreased usage. Patient blood management certainly had this effect; there was evidence of a decline in the demand for red blood cell units as early as 2008. In 2015, the National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey reported a 14% decrease in transfusion between 2013 and 2015 and the 2017 report revealed a 6% decrease over the subsequent 2 years. Against the background, then, of a national blood supply that was more cause for concern than a cause for celebration, an Act was passed in 2019 charging the Secretary of Health and Human Services to report to Congress recommendations for maintaining an "adequate national blood supply." Many of the report's subsequent recommendations, conceding that donor motivation was poorly understood, focused on donor recruitment. The authors of the report urged both an exploration of "new ways to encourage younger generations of blood donors," and also an improvement in the diversification of the nation's donor base. Funding for such goals was not ignored and research collaborators were proposed, including the National Academy of Medicine and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. A spotlight was also cast in a direction that, in a blood banking context, had Received: 3 June 2022 Revised: 29 June 2022 Accepted: 29 June 2022


The growth of localized and sustainable food systems is widely recog- nized in many Western countries as a response to the increasingly evident crisis of conventional food systems. However, despite the growing consumer demand, the producer capacity to catch up with demand emerges as a critical point. The authors reckon that participation in alternative food chains not only needs a new market opened, but also appropriate farming styles. Adopting new farming styles requires radical changes to knowledge and skills, material assets, organizational patterns, communication practices, etc. To that end, the direct interaction with consumers as well as the co-operation and co-ordination with other farmers be- come crucial. On the basis of a deep analysis carried out through a case-study - the innovation cycles activated by farmers adhering to Solidarity-based Purchase Groups (GAS) in Tuscany, Italy - the article explores the complex processes linked to transition, and tries to contribute to a theory of alternative food networks by representing changes in the farm as an outcome of interaction within hybrid net- works through the definition of new codes, cognitive frames, norms, rules and organizational patterns.


The photograph, taken outside Machen Hall on the grounds of Westminster Theological Seminary, shows most of those in residence during the four-day Institute at the end of May. Many more attended the evening lectures and discussions led by the Rev. C. Herbert Oliver (front, second from right) on the subject, "The Biblical Requirement for Christians in Race Relations" (see page 96). Morning sessions were conducted by Professor Fred H. Klooster (front, left) of Calvin Seminary, lecturing on "Ecumenical Issues in Contemporary Theology"; by Professor Edmund P. Clowney (front, right) on the question, "Do We Preach Christ ?" and by Professor Edward J. Young (not shown) with "Studies in Daniel." At least six denominations are represented in the picture: Associate Presbyterian, Baptist, Christian Reformed, Orthodox Presbyterian, Reformed Presbyterian of North America, and United Presbyterian. The Reformed Ministerial Institutes are sponsored by the Alumni Association of Westminster Seminary. Members of this year's committee were: the Rev. John Vanderpoel, chairman (far left), the Rev. LeRoy Oliver (rear, left) and the Rev. Ivan DeMaster (second row, second from right). -Tolsma photo. GOD'S LOVE FOR THE LOST


Abstract Abstract: Pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PHEOs/PGLs) are frequently heritable catecholamine-secreting, neuroendocrine tumors. More than 15 distinct genes cause PHEO/PGL predisposition, including the TMEM127 tumor suppressor gene, a transmembrane protein of unknown function. The clinical spectrum, disease severity and risk of other tumors has not been well established in TMEM127-associated disease. This information is critically important for risk assessment and follow up of probands and mutation-carrier relatives. Goal: The objective of this study is to identify clinical and genetic features of patients with germline TMEM127 mutations and begin to delineate genotype-phenotype associations of relevance for clinical and follow up surveillance. Methods: Demographic and clinical data, including tumor type and location, family history, age at diagnosis, plasma and/or urine catecholamine and/or metanephrine levels, and mutation status were obtained from medical records and/or literature of patients identified with TMEM127 gene nonsynonymous variants. Results: 97 index patients (28 males/50 females/19 unreported) were identified with a germline TMEM127 variant. The most common clinical presentation was PHEO (n=72, 74.2%), followed by PGL (n=6, 6.1%) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC n=5, 5.1%). In addition, three patients presented with both PHEO and PGL (3%), two of which were head and neck PGL, and three other patients had combined PHEO and RCC (3%). The median age at diagnosis was 43.8 years (range, 9 months to 80 years). Twenty-five patients had multicentric presentation, mostly due to bilateral pheochromocytoma (20/25 patients, 80%). Familial history of PHEO/PGL was present in 13 patients and five individuals developed metastatic PHEO. Of those with available biochemical data, tumors secreted predominantly epinephrine (n=14/26, 53.8%), although norepinephrine- (n=2) and dopamine- (n=1) secreting tumors were also detected, and one tumor was non-secreting. In total, 70 distinct variants were identified. Most had a single occurrence (n= 56/70 80%), but 14 variants were detected more than once (2-7 times). Most mutations led to a truncated product including indels, splice site or nonsense variants (56.3%), while 43.6.% were missense. Approximately half of the missense mutations occurred within transmembrane domains. Conclusion: The most common presentation of TMEM127-associated disease is a single PHEO in patients older than 40y, similar to sporadic disease, as previously suggested. However, the frequency of PGLs and malignant disease is higher, while penetrance is lower, than previously reported. This information will be relevant for clinical surveillance strategies for affected individuals and their high-risk relatives.


In Lewis Carroll's profound fairy tale Through the Looking Glass there is a scene where Tweedledum and Tweedledee have led Alice to the Red King who is sleeping in the woods: "'He's dreaming now,' said Tweedledee: 'and what do you think he is dreaming about?'


Terrorism is a complex and evolving phenomenon, and terrorist groups are highly dynamic in terms of cooperation and locality. Terrorism data collection organizations such as the study of terrorism and response to terrorism (START) release terrorism incident data on a yearly basis. Such data is valuable for historical terrorism incident analysis. However, it is crucial that researchers have access to real time terrorism incidents data to perform analysis such as safety level estimation, monitoring or projections. We developed a novel system that automatically collects news data and analyzes them in real time for terrorism incidents. We developed a safety assessment formula based on recent terrorism incidents and time. Our system displays the safety level of countries and cities on a dynamic map, and it also allows to tracks the events of a selected terrorist group. Our results show that countries like Israel, Nigeria, Ukraine, Iran, and Afghanistan are currently among the most unsafe places in the world. Our system can assist counter-terrorism experts to plan counter-terrorism measures and potentially prevent incidents. Our future research focuses on projecting terrorism incidents based on recent events and other factors.


This Research is Owned by Enterprises Villages and their management in Intellectual Property Rights are important to study. This law hopes that villages can develop more than before. The village is expected to develop through the management of village funds into village-owned enterprises. This management can be in the form of making products of the effectiveness and creativity of the community which is then registered as Intellectual Property Rights so that a village has different characteristics from other villages which certainly gives added value to this village. Success in management can be achieved if the village government and the community can understand the legal processes and rules for managing Intellectual Property Rights, so this becomes important. This research was conducted to ensure that the implementation of Village-Owned Enterprises and the management of Intellectual Property Rights in village products can be carried out properly following applicable norms. This research was conducted by socio-legal research methods by analyzing primary and secondary data to find conclusions. The results of the study stated that many villages that have been studied do not understand Intellectual Property Rights so that no village products or village communities are registered with Intellectual Property Rights. There is even concern for the community that causes community products not to be included in the Village Owned Enterprises related to revenue sharing.


Summary Neonatal mice (CR:NIH:S) were infected with a cloned human isolate of Giardia lamblia (GS/M‐83‐H7) and the surface antigens of the intestinal trophozoites, as well as the cellular and humoral immune responses, were analysed during the course of infection. Infections in mice peaked 2–3 weeks after inoculation and were self‐cured by day 42 post‐infection (p.i.). The proportion of trophozoites expressing the Mr 72 000 surface antigen of the initial inoculum had decreased by day 12 and approached zero by day 22 p.i., similar to infections in humans. The predominant parasite‐specific humoral response was an IgM‐ and IgG‐isotype directed to the original Mr 72 000 surface antigen as well as other antigens. T‐lymphocytes (predominantly LY4(CD4)+) isolated from Peyer's patches 12 days p.i. and later showed a significant proliferative response to Giardia lamblia antigens. Spleen and lymph node cells showed no lymphoproliferative response. T‐cell blot analysis revealed the presence of dominant T‐cell epitopes in the areas of Mr 200 000–75 000 and < 50 000 polypeptides. No response was demonstrated in the Mr 72 000 region (migration site of the major surface antigen), suggesting T‐cell dependent mechanisms are most likely not responsible for the surface antigen switch which occurred during the course of infection. This model infection can be used to study the role of immunological mechanisms in Giardia lamblia variant antigen switching and in the control of infections.


Chapter 1: Collapse or Statehood? Chapter 2: The United States and the Question of Palestine Chapter 3: Guerrilla Governance Chapter 4: The Oslo Years Chapter 5: The Al-Aqsa Intifada Chapter 6: Fayyadism Chapter 7: The Rise of Abu Mazen Chapter 8: The Rise of Hamas Chapter 9: Civil War Chapter 10: Backslide Chapter 11: Crushing Political Challengers Chapter 12: Quashing Critical Media and Protesters Chapter 13: Unilateralism Chapter 14: Righting the Ship


Manned operation system is closed & locked in case of failure of the PSD (Platform Screen Door) authorized personnel on-site inspections and passenger control in the short-term recovery is difficult in case of a serious disorder ATC in conjunction with BY-PASS switch after train entry and departure However, unmanned systems and PSD Interlocked in the event of a failure in conjunction with train doors, the door does not treat CUT-OUT function BY-PASS function instead of using any one of the already installed PSD if it is not closed & locked the train station stop the enormous risks will occur. BY-PASS system to add functionality unmanned in case of failure by PSD and unmanned systems and interlocking BY-PASS tests authorized personnel BY-PASS function by using safe and maximize system availability, and maintainability hope improvement of opportunity to the train station.


In the context of Cotonou and Post Cotonou Partnership Agreements stablished between the European Union and former colonies named by the group of African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP), this paper investigates the possible risks over ACP of one of the Agreement main objectives: the Free Trade Areas or EPAs (Economic Partnership Agreements).With this purpose, the paper uses as a case study the analisis of Western African, focusing on the particular context of Senegal.
The selected region presents some of the paradox that are communly seen in ACP countries: an outstanding wealth in natural resources, together with some of the lowest indicators of Human Development in the world. Thus, despite the region hosts up to 267 international companies exploiting the mining sector (International Transparency, 2013) and one of the world richest maritime areas, basic needs for its population are still a challenge. To adress such complex matter as an International Trade Agreement launched by the European Union with a wide block of countries of ACPs the paper presents a survey including both primary and secondary data collection in a mixted methodology which combines quantitative and qualitative data. In-depth interviews were carried out at two Directorates of the European Commission to responsibles for external relations with West Africa. In Senegal, officials of public institutions and civil society representatives were consulted.
The research concludes that the EU policies promoted with ACP countries in EPAs framework show serious contradictions with the social, environmental and economic priorities of the mostly classified as Least Developed Countries in Western Africa region. Thus, for Senegal case, the policies would increase the risk of increasing dependency on food imports and food insecurity.


An adaptive neurofuzzy (ANFIS) evaluation study has been applied on tapered plastic multimode sensors. This study is basically using tapered plastic multimode fiber polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) optical as a sensor. It is proposed and demonstrated for continuous monitoring of solutions based on different concentration of sodium chloride and glucose in deionized water. The tapered PMMA fiber was fabricated using an etching method involving deionized water and acetone to achieve a waist diameter and length of 0.45 and 10 mm, respectively. In addition, a tapered PMMA probe, which was coated by silver film, was fabricated and demonstrated using calcium hypochlorite (G70) solution. The working mechanism of such a device is based on the observation increment in the transmission of the sensor that is immersed in solutions at higher concentration. As the concentration varies from 0 to 6 ppm, the output voltage of the sensor increases linearly from 3.61 to 4.28 mV with a sensitivity of 0.1154 mV/ppm and a linearity of more than 99.47%. The silver film coating increases the sensitivity of the proposed sensor due to the effective cladding refractive index, which increases with the coating and thus allows more light to be transmitted from the tapered fiber. To estimate the output voltage response of the sensors with and without silver film, this paper constructed a process, which simulates the sensors voltage output in regard to different concentration of calcium hypochlorite with ANFIS method. This intelligent estimator is implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the performances are investigated. The simulation results presented in this paper show the effectiveness of the developed method.


Within the qualitative approach to the study of nite particle quantum systems dieren t possible ways of the generalization of Hamiltonian monodromy are discussed. It is demonstrated how several simple integrable models like nonlinearly coupled resonant oscillators, or coupled rotators, lead to physically natural generalizations of the monodromy concept. Fractional monodromy, bidromy, and the monodromy in the case of multi-valued energy-momentum maps are briey reviewed.


The resistance to acidification of the Dniester water was tested by the method of potentiometric titration. Water samples were collected on the right bank of the Dniester River within the territory of the Republic of Moldova in February 2020. The acid-neutralising capacity values obtained (ANC) were compared with the critical acid load (CAL), which makes it possible to assess the habitat conditions for any group of hydrobionts whose resistance to acidification is known.


When the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decided to grant emergency use authorization (EUA) for the first two vaccines for COVID-19, the United States' response to the pandemic entered a new phase. Initially, the greatest challenge is having enough doses of vaccine and administering them to all who want it. Yet even while many wait expectantly for their turn to be vaccinated, a significant minority of Americans are hesitant. Lack of information or misinformation about the vaccine, a long-standing and well-entrenched antivaccination movement, distrust of public health officials, and political polarization have left many people ambivalent or opposed to vaccination. According to a poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation taken in late November and early December 2020, 27% of respondents surveyed stated that they would "probably" or "definitely" not be willing to be vaccinated.1 Reflecting the sharp partisan divide that has characterized views about the pandemic, Democrats (86%) were far more likely than Republicans (56%) to be vaccinated. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print February 4, 2021: e1-e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.306166).


Civil supervision on government is an important part of the system of supervision on government.It is mainly composed of three forms,including electing and removing leaders of government,impeaching government's behaviors which are not legal,delivering themselves of collective interests.However,these three forms have some limitations and problems at present in China.Enlarging and ensuring civil democratic rights,perfecting the institution of civil prosecution,consummating the mechanism of civil expression of collective interests are main measures of optimizing the mechanism of civil supervision on Chinese government.


The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of unsymmetric pyridinium bis(methoxycarbonyl)methylides with methyl propiolate proceeds in moderate to good yields with high to moderate site selectivity with respect to the ylide. Polar 3-substituted pyridinium bis(methoxycarbonyl)methylides generally gave predominantly the corresponding 8-substituted indolizines regardless of the substituents. The results can be explained by dipole-dipole interactions


Soil stabilsation is one of the area which needs further research due to its importance both geotechnical and environmentally. Application of landfill materials and turn them into something worthwhile has been in attention of researchers. Lime Kiln Dust (LKD) is one of the materials which shows a potential of usage into soils. On other hand, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) is also one of important tests in soil mechanics to represent characteristic of soil. Surely, in order to run UCS testing, compaction tests was conducted. The compaction values then utilized in the preparation of UCS samples. This study considers the effect of lime kiln dust on the UCS behavior of kaolinite-slag mixture. Compaction and UCS testing were conducted. The results showed that OMC was increased with increasing LKD in kaolinite-slag mixture and MDD was decreased with increasing in kiln dust. UCS also found to be with increasing in kiln dust. The results was support with different curing time (i.e. 7, 28, 90).


I greatly appreciate the honour you have paid me in asking me to be your President this year?a very special honour for, as you know, the Society celebrates its centenary next Spring. The Bristol Medico-Chirurgical Society I have tried to find out how the Society started and in the Old Infirmary records found quite a lot of jot-tings and minutes, and with Mr. Jones's help at the Library we were able to locate the original minute book. I thought you would be interested to know that we are the second Bristol Medical Chirurgical Society, and there was also a Medical Chirurgical Association. It in proposed to establish for Bristol and Clifton a New Medical Society, the prominent feature of which will be the development of the Pathological and Clinical resources of the pWce, but formed on a basis sufficiently broad to include all the dqiartiucntft of Scientific and Practical Medicine. At the present time the only opportunity afforded to the profession in this neighbourhood for interchange of thought, and for rendering mutual assistance to each other in their work, is that given by three Meetings of the Bath and Bristol Branch of the British Medical Association. The number of Medical Men practising in Bristol and Clifton is 140; the number of beds provided by public charity (exclusive of the Unions)' is 448, and the number of Out patients treated annually at the public hospital* is over 50,00(1. It is believed that any attempt to utilize these resources is likely to meet with general approval, and to be attended by success similar to that which has been accorded in most large provincial towns ?hcre like societies have been established. You are invited to attend a Meeting at the " Musrum asi> Library," Queen's Road, on Tuesday Evkmno, the 24th inst., at Eight o'clock, to assist in the formation of such a Society.


A novel mixed valent titanophosphate open-structure was hydrothermally synthesized; the connections of TiO 6 and PO 4 groups generate a porous architecture with two types of 12-MR channels.


A large-eddy simulation/Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model is applied to three high-speed mixing layers and three sonic injection flows to generate data suitable for evaluating two current Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes models for turbulent mass diffusivity. These models solve transport equations for concentration variance and dissipation rate and differ in the constitutive relation for the turbulent mass diffusivity and the form of the evolution equation for the dissipation rate. The predictive capability of the large-eddy simulation/Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model is assessed through simulations of an air–air mixing-layer experiment and a sonic ethylene injection into a Mach 2.0 airstream. This model provides good predictions of the mean velocity, turbulence intensity, and rms temperature fluctuation throughout the shear layer flowfield but slightly over-predicts the spreading rate of the mixing layer. The simulation of the sonic injection is in generally good agreement with the experiment but...


The electrochemical behavior of 8-oxyquinoline and chelate complexes based on it (Sn (Oxin)Cl3, Ge (Oxin)Cl3, Ti (Oxin)Cl3, W(Oxin)2Cl4, Fe (Oxin)Br, Sb (Oxin)Cl2, Sb (Oxin)Cl4, Sn (Oxin)2Cl2, Ti (Oxin)2Cl2 have been studied by cyclic voltammetry in aprotic solvents in a three-electrode system on platinum and glass-graphite disk electrodes. It has been shown that in the case of metal oxyquinolinates, the ligand is 8-oxyquinoline reducing in two one-electron diffusion waves. The first wave is observed at less negative potentials than the first quinoline one, while the second waves have almost the same potentials. The first wave is related to the OH- proton discharge. The complexes under study are electrolytically oxidizable. A single two-electron peak is observed in the cyclic voltammogram in the anodic region for the Ti (Oxin)Cl3 chelate complex. This is probably associated with two irreversible sequential or parallel stages with close oxidation potentials. By analogy to the processes considered for 8-oxyquinoline, the rupture of the oxygen-metal bond is observed at the first stage. The resulting radical cation is unstable and decomposes into a radical and a cation with a positive charge in the titanium atom. Electrolytic oxidation of complexes Fe (Oxin)Br, Sb (Oxin)Cl2, Sb (Oxin)Cl4, and Sn (Oxin)2Cl2 is similar to that of Ti (Oxin)Cl3.


The theoretically reducible part of the plasma arc-drop (that which is attributable to plasma resistance) of a thermionic energy converter operating in the ignited mode can ultimately be attributed to the loss of positive ions and plasma electrons to the electrodes. Most experimental converter C-V characteristics exhibit a region with a relatively constant and small value of converter current at the foot of the relatively sharply rising Boltzman region. Little attention has been paid to this region because its output power is usually very small (in spite of the favorable arc-drop values). Occasionally this region is simply dismissed as operating in the diffusion mode without further comment or study. The present paper explores the effects of the reflection and trapping of positive ions at current levels where this low plateau region appears. However, contrary to the experimental results, all analytical calculations performed so far indicate that a consequence of reflection and trapping is an increase in arc-drop. The apparent contradiction between theory and experiment in this low current regime indicate that our theoretical modelling of the converter is not yet complete. Aspects of our theoretical model that might account for this lack of agreement is discussed in later sections.


[Objective] The aim of the present study was to provide the excellent strain re-sources for the production of Cerasus pseudocerasus bio-fertilizer.[Methods] Bacterial iso-lates were isolated and screened from the rhizosphere soil of Cerasus pseudocerasus using the methods of remaining green and radish cotyledon bioassay.And then,plant hormones pro-duced by the bacterial isolates were quantitatively detected.Additionally,a pot experiment was conducted to determine whether the use of the bacterial isolates benefits the growth of Cerasus pseudocerasus.At last,the bacterial isolates that exert beneficial effects were identified based on the results of morphologic characteristics,physiological biochemical properties and phy-logenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes.[Results] Four plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) with potential beneficial effects on Cerasus pseudocerasus growth were screened.According to the pot experiment results,AI5,AI21,PII17,and PI7,especially PII17 can sig-nificantly improve the root and aerial part biomass of Cerasus pseudocerasus,showing the beneficial effects on Cerasus pseudocerasus growth.AI5 and AI21 were identified as Bacillus pumilus.PII17 and PI7 were identified as Pseudomonas sp.and Enterobacter sp.,respectively.[Conclusion] AI5,AI21,PII17,and PI7,especially PII17 that exert beneficial effects on Cerasus pseudocerasus growth exhibited broad application prospects in the bio-fertilizer pro-duction.


In order to gain the maximum destroy when the concrete facilities are penetrated by projectile, the best detonation position must be controlled. So a signal processor system was designed to record the penetration acceleration. The acceleration character and the control algorithm of penetration depth were studied by simulation. The displacement integrated by acceleration was verified to be effective, which could control the detonation of projectile in the right position.


SUMMARY

The solubility characteristics and starch gel electrophoretic properties of untreated, heated, and heated and smoked pork longissimus dorsi muscle samples were investigated. The percentages of the low ionic strength fraction, the sarcoplasmic and the soluble fibrillar protein nitrogen fractions decreased in the heated and heated and smoked samples when compared to the untreated samples. The myofibrillar protein nitrogen fraction increased in the heated samples and decreased in the heated and smoked samples. The stroma fraction from the untreated to the heated state remained almost constant, but increased considerably in the heated and smoked samples. Electrophoretic studies of the sarcoplasmic fraction indicated numerous changes in the heated and heated and smoked samples. The electropherograms of the heated and smoked samples from the Weber-Edsall and meat-urea extracts showed definite changes in protein components. These studies indicated that smoke definitely caused changes in protein solubility and the electrophoretic behavior of meat proteins.


Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between environment problem recognition, eco-friendly attitude, and eco-friendly nursing practice. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 191 hospital nurses from October to November, 2012. The data were analyzed through t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. There was a positive correlation between environment problem recognition (r=.46, p<.001), eco-friendly attitude (r=.36, p<.001), and eco-friendly health care in the hospital nurses. The explanatory power of the variables accounted for 35.0%. This study indicated that it is necessary to promote the awareness towards environment problem and eco-friendly attitude in the hospital nurses in Korea. Key Words : Awareness, Convergent environmental problem, Eco-friendly education, Eco-friendly nursing practice, Hospital nurse요 약 본 연구의 목적은 환경문제 인식, 친환경 태도, 친환경 간호수행의 상관관계를 알고자 하는데 있다. 191명의 병원 간호사가 2012년 10월부터 11월까지 자기기입식 설문을 작성하였으며, 자료 분석은 t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson 상관관계, multiple regression analysis를 사용하였다. 설문은 환경문제인식, 친환경태도, 친환경보건관리로 구성되었고, 환경문제인식 (r=.46, p<.001), 친환경태도 (r=.36, p<.001), 친환경 보건관리 사이에 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 변수들에 대한 설명력은 35.0%였다. 본 연구를 통해 국내 병원 간호사의 환경문제와 친환경태도에 대한 인식도를 향상시킬 필요가 있음을 증명하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 병원 간호사의 친환경 간호수행을 향상시키기 위한 병원 내 친환경 프로그램 개발 연구를 제언한다 .


This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and university adjustment and academic achievement of 250 first year students attending various undergraduate programs at a Malaysian public university. The study employed a correlation design and data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to address the research objectives. Findings from this study showed that there is significant and positive relationship between students' EI and their overall university adjustment, academic adjustment, social adjustment, personal-emotional adjustment, students' attachment to university, and academic achievement. Results also indicated that throughout a period of one semester, students' overall adjustment and academic achievement was found to be significantly predicted by their EI .


Uniform and well-defined lanthanide hydroxide and oxide micro/nanorods Ln(OH)_3(Ln=La, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Er) and Gd(OH)_3:Eu^(3+), Gd_2O_3:Eu^(3+) were successfully synthesized through a green and facile hydrothermal method. Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide(TBAH) and lanthanide nitrides were used as the hydrothermal precursors without the addition of any templates/surfactants. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) and photoluminescence(PL) spectra. The result demonstrated that lanthanide hydroxide micro/nanorods with 20–80 nm in diameter and 50–450 in length were obtained. The size of the Ln(OH)_3(Ln=La, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Er) rods increased with the increase of the atomic number. The size of the Gd(OH)_3:Eu^(3+) rods decreased with the increase of p H value by modulating the amount of the TBAH solution. The as-formed product via the hydrothermal process, Gd(OH)_3:Eu^(3+), could be transformed to Gd_2O_3:Eu^(3+) with the same morphology and a slight shrinking in size after a post annealing process. It is a facial method to synthesize photoluminescent nanomaterial of Gd_2O_3:Eu^(3+). The Gd_2O_3:Eu^(3+) microrods exhibited strong red emission corresponding to ^5D)0→^7F_2 transition(610 nm) of Eu^(3+) under UV light excitation(257 nm).


Tackling of uncertain data is a major problem in analysis, modeling and simulation. Fractal interpolation surface and fuzzy set method are employed to solve the issue of uncertainty in modeling irregular surface. Initial interpolation data grid point is used as the kernel of Gaussian fuzzy membership function and its fuzzy numbers can be calculated by specifying λ of λ-cut set. These fuzzy numbers are used as uncertain data, which are the boundaries of the fluctuation of initial grid, and defined as a new kind of fuzzy interpolation grids. With these interpolation grids fractal interpolation surface algorithm is applied to act on. By these definitions, experimental data for modeling rock surface is illustrated to show that how the interpolation scheme proposed in this paper enhances the controllability for manipulating uncertain data.


Being based on mixed ionic‐electronic semiconductors, the operation of perovskite solar cells depends on many parameters. To develop an experimentally validated numerical device model, it is therefore necessary to isolate individual physical phenomena. To this end, the dynamics of ion motion in lead halide perovskites is investigated by measuring impedance spectra and the electric displacement as a function of frequency in dark. The displacement response is fully reproduced by a numerical device model that combines electronic and ionic conduction. For a quantitative description of the displacement, it is critical to consider the frequency‐dependent apparent dielectric constant, the ion concentration and the ion diffusion coefficient. The numerical simulations enable to quantify the effect of ion motion and voltage scan speed on the electric field distribution in MAPbI3 based devices, laying the foundations for an experimentally validated perovskite device model.


In the context of the importance of nature experiences in supporting development during early childhood and toward encouraging the use of natural outdoor settings with young children, research was undertaken to explore potential relationships among parents' and young children's preferences regarding outdoor play settings and young children's affinity towards nature. Results of this quantitative study show some consistency with prior research, such as children's preference for outdoor play and the influence of activity affordance on their setting preferences, as well as the strong influence of parents' perceptions of safety. Other results from this study contradict prior research such as the lack of relationship among children's preferences, the frequency of time they spend in natural settings, and their level of affinity toward nature. Additional key findings include parents' perceptions regarding difficulty in providing nature experiences as an influence on the frequency of time their young children spend in nature, but not on parents' play setting preferences, and the relationship between parents' preferences and their children's level of affinity toward nature. The small, homgeneous sample used in this study is a limitation, and areas for further research and potential implications are discussed in this context.


Preface Acknowledgments Pt. I: On Reading Maimonides 1: The Many-Sided Maimonides 2: The Range and Limits of Reason 3: The Esoteric Method 4: Maimonides' Method of Contradictions: A New View Pt. II: Aspects of Maimonides' Ethical Theory 5: The Doctrine of the Mean in Aristotle and Maimonides: A Comparative Study 6: Maimonides and Aquinas on Natural Law 7: The Nature of Man and the Foundations of Ethics: A Reading of Guide, I,1-2 8: Maimonides' Views on the Relations of Law and Morality Pt. III: Some Problems of Metaphysics and Religion in the Thought of Maimonides 9: Maimonides' Account of Divine Causality 10: Creation or Eternity: God in Relation to the World 11: Prayer and the Religious Life 12: Epilogue: The Significance of Maimonides for Contemporary Judaism Index


The lipid membrane has been shown to mediate the fibrillogenesis and toxicity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide. Electrostatic interactions between Aβ40 and the phospholipid headgroup have been found to control the association and insertion of monomeric Aβ into lipid monolayers, where Aβ exhibited enhanced interactions with charged lipids compared with zwitterionic lipids. To elucidate the molecular‐scale structural details of Aβ‐membrane association, we have used complementary X‐ray and neutron scattering techniques (grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray reflectivity, and neutron reflectivity) in this study to investigate in situ the association of Aβ with lipid monolayers composed of either the anionic lipid 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐[phospho‐rac‐(1‐glycerol)] (DPPG), the zwitterionic lipid 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DPPC), or the cationic lipid 1,2‐dipalmitoyl 3‐trimethylammonium propane (DPTAP) at the air‐buffer interface. We found that the anionic lipid DPPG uniquely induced crystalline ordering of Aβ at the membrane surface that closely mimicked the β‐sheet structure in fibrils, revealing an intriguing templated ordering effect of DPPG on Aβ. Furthermore, incubating Aβ with lipid vesicles containing the anionic lipid 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐[phospho‐rac‐(1‐glycerol)] (POPG) induced the formation of amyloid fibrils, confirming that the templated ordering of Aβ at the membrane surface seeded fibril formation. This study provides a detailed molecular‐scale characterization of the early structural fluctuation and assembly events that may trigger the misfolding and aggregation of Aβ in vivo. Our results implicate that the adsorption of Aβ to anionic lipids, which could become exposed to the outer membrane leaflet by cell injury, may serve as an in vivo mechanism of templated‐aggregation and drive the pathogenesis of AD. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The number of motor vehicles and traffic demand is growing in tandem with society's rapid economic development and the quickening process of urbanization. In India, traffic congestion has become the most serious issue. Vehicle's poor lane-changing behaviors have a significant impact on the speed of the traffic system.  The lane change behavior was observed in the study with the traffic flow simulation model VISSIM. The purpose of this investigation is to estimate the number of lane changes by simulating them at different volume levels. The study also shows the capacity estimate and its relationship with the lane change. The maximum traffic flow and lane changes were calculated based on the proportions of each vehicle type in the standard car traffic flow. The maximum number of lane change models for known traffic compositions on 4-lane, 6-lane, and 8-lane divided highways has been developed. According to the results, the number of observed lane changes depends on the volume of traffic and the number of lanes provided for a particular direction of travel. The composition and vehicle types also have a significant influence on lane changes and highway capacity, which involves uncertainties in the analysis of traffic flow properties.


We describe a bi-directional interface between a mobile robot and a population of neurons, extracted from rat embryos and cultured on a multielectrode array. At least two issues need to be addressed in a neural interface: (i) how to efficiently translate time-varying, multi-dimensional sensory information into spatio-temporal patterns of stimulation this is a kind of reverse of the neural coding problem: synthesis rather than analysis; (ii) how to efficiently translate spike trains, recorded from multiple neurons, into time-varying 'control commands' for the external device. An additional issue is to understand how to induce selective changes in the input-output behavior of the neural preparation; i.e., sensorimotor learning. Embodiment places constraints on sensorimotor learning, in the sense that its aim has to be to achieve a desired behavior of the controlled device. It also implies that, to preserve 'optimality', the coding and decoding modules should adapt during learning. Here we describe the experimental set-up, and address the problems of coding and decoding from both the modelling and the experimental points of view. Introduction Recently, several researchers proposed to study learning and memory by connecting nervous tissue, kept alive in-vitro, bi-directionally to an external device, i.e. an actual physical body or a simulated one [1,2]. This experimental paradigm is based on the claim that the physiological mechanisms underlying learning and memory, like long-term potentiation and depression, are best understood if they are related to a specific behavioral goal, for instance to achieve a desired behavior of the controlled 'body'. Following this approach, we interfaced a mobile robot with a population of neurons, extracted from rat embryos, and cultured on a multi-electrode array. Invitro cultured neurons form a bi-dimensional physical model of the brain and, in spite of their simplified level of organization, are an useful framework to study information processing in the nervous system. One peculiar aspect is the possibility to stimulate and/or record from multiple sites at the same time. Neural activity can be modulated by means of electrical stimulation, and recent studies [3, 4] have shown that appropriate patterns of stimulation can induce long-term changes in the population activity. At least two issues need to be addressed in a bidirectional neural interface: (i) how to efficiently translate time-varying, multi-dimensional sensory information into spatio-temporal patterns of stimulation this is a kind of reverse of the neural coding problem: synthesis rather than analysis; (ii) how to efficiently translate spike trains, recorded from multiple neurons, into time-varying 'control commands' for the external device this the decoding problem. An additional issue is to understand how to induce selective changes in the input-output behavior of the neural preparation; i.e., how to achieve sensorimotor learning. This preparation is well suited for studying techniques for both coding time-varying sensory information into multiple patterns of stimulation, and extracting time-varying signals from the activity of populations of neurons. Here we report on the development of schemes for coding and decoding information into/from multiple spike trains. We also describe the technological aspects of their real-time implementation, and show experimental results on performance of the resulting hybrid bio-artificial system. Materials and Methods Neural preparation. The biological component of the hybrid system is a primary culture of cortical neurons, extracted from rat embryos (17-18 days). Invitro cultured neurons rearrange randomly in a bidimensional structure and, after having established synaptic interconnections (at about 7 days in-vitro DIVs), they show spontaneous electrophysiological activity, that can be modulated by means of electrical stimulation. Cells were plated on planar arrays of 60 TiN/SiN electrodes, arranged along a square grid (MEA60, Multichannel Systems, Reutlingen, Germany), that allow both stimulation and recording. Experiments started after 18-34 DIVs, when these preparations reportedly display maximum spontaneous activity [5]. Stimulation consisted of bipolar, biphasic stimuli (peakto-peak amplitude 1.5 V, duration 250 μs), generated by a custom stimulator under computer control. Robot body. The artificial component of the system is a miniature mobile robot, the Khepera II (K-team), equipped with two wheels and eight infrared proximity sensors (also used as ambient light sensors), that provide information about the distance of the robot from obstacles. The robot moves inside a circular playground, containing cylindrical obstacles. We took obstacle avoidance as our target behavior. Neuro-robotic interface. For each preparation, we identified two sets of channels to be, respectively, the recording and stimulation sites, i.e. the 'motor' and 'sensory' areas of the model brain. The sensory area simply consists of two channels, which code the average activity of the proximity sensors on, respectively, the left and the right side of the robot. Two separate sets of recording sites, eight sites each, were selected to control the left and right wheels of the robot. A block diagram of the computational architecture is depicted in Figure 1. The time-varying signal coming from the robot proximity sensors, u(t), is sampled at 10 Hz and averaged into 'left' and 'right' sensor activities, sL(t) and sR(t) – this corresponds to having defined two receptive fields – and is translated into, respectively, a left and right instantaneous rate of stimulation, rs(t). For these experiments, we used a proportional coding scheme, i.e. the rate of stimulation is proportional to sensor activity, and the maximum rate of stimulation, rs, is only attained when the robot hits an obstacle. The final step is to translate the instantaneous rates of stimulation into trains of stimuli; see below for details. As regards decoding, the raw signals recorded from the sixteen 'Output' sites are sampled at 10 kHz, and individual spikes are detected on-line through a simple peak-to-peak thresholding algorithm over a 4 ms sliding window. Stimulus artifact is suppressed on each recorded signal by blanking a 8 ms window following each stimulus on either input site. The istantaneous firing rates, ry(t) are then estimated on-line from the recorded spike trains, y(t), through a 2 order low-pass filter. Finally, the resulting spatio-temporal patterns of neural activity are translated into a pair of motor commands for the two wheels of the robot. In these experiments, we simply averaged the neural activities in the Left and Right portions of the Output region, and normalized them with respect to maximum activity. The resulting speed commands were finally low-pass filtered (4-order Butterworth filter, cut-off frequency 5 Hz), sampled at 10 Hz and delivered to the robot. Real-time control. The control architecture is made of two PCs. PC1 runs a real-time operating system (QNX, QNX Software Systems) and is responsible for real-time control through the computational architecture of Figure 1. Neural signals are sampled through a A/D board (PCI-6071E, National Instruments) at 10 kHz. A second computer, PC2, connected to PC1 through an Ethernet link, is the experiment front-end. We used Simulink/Real-Time Workshop (The Mathworks) and the RT-Lab package (Opal-RT) as development environments. The control loop runs at 10 kHz, and robot control is updated at 10 Hz. Computer simulations The coding problem consists of translating a sensory signal, s(t), into a train x(t) of stimuli. The first step (see Figure 1) is to translate s(t), into an instantaneous firing rate, rs(t). In general, we may choose any dynamic, non-linear transformation. The next step is to define a spike generation mechanism which translates rs(t) into a train x(t) of stimuli. This is what defines our 'neural code'. One technique for comparing different neural codes [6-8] is based on the Wiener-Kolmorogov optimal filter approach. First, we derive the linear filter h(·) that optimally reconstructs s(t), given the train of stimuli, x(t). The reconstructed signal, ) ( ~ t s , can be derived by applying h(·) to x(t): ) ( + ) ( ) ( = ) ( + ) ( ~ = ) ( ∫ ∞ + ∞ t n d t x h t n t s t s τ τ τ (1) where the noise signal n(t) is the unmodeled portion of s(t). Second, we take a measure of the difference between s(t) and ) ( ~ t s ( as an indicator of the accuracy of coding. Two possible measures are [7, 8] the coding fraction, CF, i.e. the squared correlation coefficient between s(t) and ) ~ t s ; this quantity indicates the portion of variance of s(t) that is preserved by coding. Another useful measure is coherence, which specifies the coding fraction at different frequencies. To understand how different spike generation mechanisms and different values of the average rate of stimulation relate to coding accuracy, we ran numeric simulations (duration 600 s) in which we took as s(t) a Gaussian, band-limited white noise, with a 5 Hz bandwidth. We also assumed, for simplicity, a simple linear relationship between rs(t) and s(t): b t s a t rs + ⋅ = ) ( ) ( , where a and b are two constants. A reasonable choice of parameters is b=0 (no stimulation when s(t)=0), whereas a=<rs>/<s>. We assumed <s>=1 and std{s}=1/3, so that approximately 0<s(t)<2. FR O M R O B O T u(t) ) (t s ) (t rs ) (t x ) (t y ) ( ˆ t ry


Ikawa et al. report that the inactivation of polycomb-mediated epigenetic regulation results in the conversion of T-lineage progenitors to the B-cell fate. This arrest was almost completely cancelled by additional deletion of Pax5.


Correlative light and electron microscopic studies of immature and maturing starfish (Asterias forbesi) eggs have been carried out demonstrating(l) morphological alterations attending meiotic maturation induced by 1-methyladenine and (2) the structure of the egg cortex and cortical granule reaction. Because cortical granule components, are structurally recognizable, their fate and relation to the development of the fertilization membrane could be determined. One and possibly more of the cortical granule components become an integral part of the fertilization membrane. Comparison of maturing and immature ova indicate that germinal vesicle-containing oocytes (immature) are capable of undergoing a cortical granule reaction morphologically similar to that of eggs having undergone germinal vesicle breakdown (maturing).


Objective Nutrient resorption efficiency and stoichiometric ratios are important strategies for understanding plants. The present study examined whether or not the nutrient resorption process of plant petals is similar to that of leaves and other vegetative organs, as well as the nutrient restriction status of the whole flowering process of plants in urban ecosystems. Methods Four Rosaceae tree species, Prunus yedoensis Matsum, Prunus serrulata var. lannesiana, Malus micromalus Makino, and Prunus cerasifera 'Atropurpurea', were selected as urban greening species to analyze the contents of C, N, P, and K elements in the petals and their stoichiometric ratios and nutrient resorption efficiencies. Results The results show interspecific differences in nutrient contents, stoichiometric ratios, and nutrient resorption efficiency of the fresh petals and petal litter of the four Rosaceae species. The nutrient resorption process was similar to that of the leaves before the petals fell. The nutrient contents of petals were higher than that of leaves at the global level, but the stoichiometric ratio and nutrient resorption efficiency of petals were lower. According to the "relative resorption hypothesis", N was limiting during the entire flowering period. The nutrient resorption efficiency of petals was positively correlated with nutrient variation. The correlation between the nutrient resorption efficiency of petals with nutrient content and stoichiometric ratio of petal litter was stronger. Conclusion The experimental results provide scientific basis and theoretical support for the selection, scientific maintenance and fertilization management of Rosaceae tree species in urban greening.


This paper conducts the principles of economic geography science and urban geography science.Firstly,Shandong Province economic development has been divided into different stages through the method of Mann-Kendall.Then,the sudden-change years of urban economic development are obtained,and the key city rank is determined through synthesis scores.And then potential model is established,the ownership key cities of various grids are obtained using the grid law of ArcGIS,The results show that the economic center of gravity migrates to the east coast area,the level of the influence area of peninsula city promotes gradually and its influence strengthens and the difference of various urban areas is enlarged.Finally,the main effect factors of urban economic area changing in Shandong Province are discussed including the level of urban economic development,traffic understanding rate,social culture and the conditions of nature and location.


The objective of this study is to show the effect of single deflector plate on the performance of combined Darrieus-Savonius water turbine. In order to overcome the disadvantages of low torque of solo Darrieus turbine, a plate deflector mounted in front of returning Savonius bucket of combined water turbine composing of Darrieus and Savonius rotor has been proposed in this study. Some configurations of combined turbines with two stage Savonius rotors were experimentally tested in a river of constant velocity 0.8 m/s. The angle of deflector with respect to current flow influences the turbine perfomanace characteristics. The torque and the power coefficient of combined turbine with deflector increase for Savonius rotor mounted on the outside of Darrieus rotor. The optimum deflector angle of 30 o  gives a better performance of combined turbine.


Three new polymorphs of C60·2S8 were discovered. The previously known structure (first reported by Roth and Adelmann in 1993 hereby designated as α) crystallizes in space group C2/c with Z = 4 and changes to a triclinic structure (β) in space group P1 with Z = 4 when the temperature is decreased below 260 K. The room-temperature structure was reinvestigated, and the new, ordered, low-temperature structure is described. A new, concomitant, polymorph (γ) crystallizes in space group P21/c with Z = 4 at room temperature and undergoes a phase change to Pc (δ) with Z = 4 when the temperature is decreased below 180 K. As indicated by geometric and temperature factor changes, it is clear that the low-temperature phases represent an increase in the level of order in the arrangement of C60 molecules. Both of the phase changes are reversible.


Cerebral malaria (CM) is a major cause of mortality in Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infection and is associated with the sequestration of parasitised erythrocytes in the microvasculature of the host's vital organs. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are key to a positive outcome in CM. However, current diagnostic tools remain inadequate to assess the degree of brain dysfunction associated with CM before the window for effective treatment closes. Several host and parasite factor-based biomarkers have been suggested as rapid diagnostic tools with potential for early CM diagnosis, however, no specific biomarker signature has been validated. Here, we provide an updated review on promising CM biomarker candidates and evaluate their applicability as point-of-care tools in malaria-endemic areas.


Abstract: The American effort to quit the nuclear deal, called JCPOA, was a program Donald Trump had been running since the US presidential election. Eventually, the US government officially announced and resumed sanctions and declared readiness to re-negotiate Iran's willingness. The main question of the present article is what factors have contributed to the departure of the United States. The hypothesis is as follows: the Trump Foreign Policy Foundations, the persistence of the threatening nature of Iran after the introduction of the common sense between the United States, Israel and Saudi Arabia over the threat of Iran, its interpretation of the role of progress in strengthening the regional presence of Iran and the ignorance Considering this in the context of the internal and external implications, the post action of the Islamic Republic of Iran should be considered as one of the key variables in the decision of Donald Trump on the withdrawal JCPOA of the United States.


Fusional vergence eye movements depend upon the interocular correlations of stimuli viewed on a video "3-D" display. The display was driven by a special computer interface herein described.


Deliberate practice is an important factor in the achievement of expertise, but there are individual difference factors, such as working memory. Proficiency scaling--for knowledge capture or training design--must use empirical methods and performance measures to generate proficiency scales spanning novice, apprentice, journeyman, and expert levels and sublevels. If expertise is defined solely in terms of "superior performance on representative tasks conducted under controlled circumstances," then huge swaths of human activity are potentially removed from empirical scrutiny. There are domains where tasks are morphing and challenges are constantly emerging. These are domains of societal and national importance, such as cyberdefense. Proficiency scaling should rely on a multimethod approach. The concept of accelerated expertise is premised on the idea that different abilities and capacities come into play across the levels and sublevels of proficiency.


We studied the reaction mechanism of di-n-butylmagnesium decomposing into MgH2 in cyclohexane, and found a new route easier than famous β-hydride elimination. Further, we explored the dynamic behavior of graphene nano-flakes and MgH2 in cyclohexane, and gained new insights for efficient hydrogen storage material preparation.


Menopause is a transition period of menstruation becomes no longer having periods. Women who have entered menopause is likely to decline especially changes in physical health. Hot flush, the vagina becomes dry, sagging skin and wrinkles are examples of physical changes. Physical changes as a result of menopause can affect the psychological state of menopausal women such as irritability, anxiety, stress and depression. According to data taken in Posyandu Pabelan 8 of 10 menopausal women have experienced physical and psychological changes. The purpose of this study to describe the physical and psychological changes in postmenopausal women at Posyandu Pabelan. The method used quantitative descriptive design with cross-sectional approach and the sampling technique snowball sampling. In this study obtained 75 respondents, the instrument using a questionnaire based on the theory. Using univariate analysis were assisted SPSS 17 for windows. The results of the study physical changes most often experienced in menopausal women are hot flush 81,3%, insomnia 65.3%, 58.7% vagina becomes dry, rheumatic pain and joint pain 57.3%. Psychological changes most often experienced in postmenopausal women 81.3% irritability, anxiety 64%, 44% decreased memory. The conclusion of this study is the most common physical changes experienced by menopausal women are hot flush, while the psychological changes often experienced by respondents is irritability.


Lantana poisoning was induced in sheep by giving 4 g kg−1 Lantana camara orally. When the contents of the rumen were removed from sheep three or six days after giving them lantana and placed into the empty rumens of normal sheep, the recipient sheep became intoxicated. Administration of purgatives such as raw linseed oil or Glauber's salts orally, or administration of bethanechol subcutaneously failed to stimulate rumen motility in lantana poisoned sheep and are therefore unlikely to be effective in eliminating residual toxin from the rumen. Intravenous administration of a multiple electrolyte solution to lantana poisoned sheep improved rumen motility, and motility was increased even more when 2–3 1 of freshly collected rumen liquid was given orally to rehydrated animals. However, these treatments did not restore motility to normal and animals treated by these methods did not survive the intoxications. The effect of manually removing the rumen contents from sheep with lantana poisoning was studied in sheep with chronically‐implanted rumen cannulae. When the rumen contents were removed from sheep three days after lantana was given and replaced with fresh rumen contents or a multiple electrolyte solution, there was a significant increase in survival compared with untreated sheep. Removal of rumen contents at six days and replacement with fresh rumen contents or simulated rumen contents containing a buffered mixture (pH 6.7, ‐ 330 mV) of lucerne and rumen liquid, also significantly increased survival, but replacement with a multiple electrolyte solution did not. It is concluded that lantana poisoning can be treated by removing the residual toxin from the rumen and re‐establishing rumen fermentation.


This paper summarizes the nursing care of 20 patients with Hangman fractures treated by conservative traction,posterior cervical surgery,anterior cervical surgery or combined surgery.The key points of nursing were maintaining the stability of cervical spine,monitoring the changes of vital signs,blood oxygen saturation,and the spinal cord functions,strengthening respiratory care and wound drainage care.Three patients with cervical spinal cord injury and nerve compression symptoms recovered after operation and the limb function score was above 80.All patients were cured and resumed ambulation.


A theory is presented of the separation of isotopes of heavy elements by selective heating of a plasma consisting of the ions of an element of interest. The results are presented from calculations of the induc- tive heating of a plasma containing Gd ions with the help of a solenoidal antenna exciting a high-frequency field with azimuthal number m = 0.


Effect of manganese doping on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of Zn1-xMnxO thin films have been investigated systematically in this report. All of the films are highly c-axis-oriented wurtzite structures. No manganese metal or oxides were detected using x-ray diffraction or Raman spectroscopy. Photoluminescence spectra show that there are zinc vacancies in the undoped ZnO film, wherein a distinct paramagnetic response, as well as a weak ferromagnetic signal, persisted up to room temperature. The results suggest that ferromagnetism in the Mn-doped ZnO films can be rationalized in terms of an intrinsic zinc defect.


This paper explores the preparation of several temperature indicating paint,by which different surface temperature is shown by different color expediently and efficiently.The color-change is of change of the molecular structure,such as crystal type,sublimation and oxidation etc,when some chemical substance is heated.In this paper,low-temperature reversible indicating paint can not only show the surface temperature,but also can be produced low-cost security labels.The repeated siftings have brought the best formulation of temperature indicating paint of different temperature ranges between 60~200 ℃.Sensitive color variation,close color variation scope,clear color difference and good coat impression are obtained.


The Board of Directors of The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. hereby goes on record as supporting the rapid and orderly development of nuclear electric power.


This paper presents a cut-elimination procedure for intuitionistic propositional logic in which cut is eliminated directly, without introducing the multiple-cut rule mix, and in which pushing cut above contraction is one of the reduction steps. The presentation of this procedure is preceded by an analysis of Gentzen's mix-elimination procedure, made in the perspective of permuting cut with contraction. We also show that in the absence of implication, pushing cut above contraction does not pose problems for directly eliminating cut.


Discusses the laws governing the liability of employers for industrial injuries in the U.S. Workers' compensation; Economic capacity to support adequate compensation. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)


RESPECT THE INVENTION REALIZATION CARDS MEMORY CARDS INCLUDING ELECTRONIC MEMORY. INVENTION THE BODY OF THE CARD IS PRODUCED BY MOLDING PLASTIC MATERIAL AS THE ABS. MOLD 20, 22 INCLUDES CORE FOR 24 SET IN THE BODY CAVITY CARD FOR RECEIVING THE ELECTRONIC MODULE CARD.


In this thesis, we present studies that elucidate the relationship between entanglement in strongly coupled gauge theories and the geometry of their gravity duals. In the first, we find that in a certain class of time-dependent states which have a gravity dual in which a black hole forms, the entanglement entropy of large regions grows linearly in time, following the growth of certain time-like slices in the interior of the black hole. In the second, we find a unified prescription in the gravity dual for calculating the action of the entanglement Hamiltonian associated to an arbitrary spatial region in a given holographic state. In particular, we find that the linearized perturbation of the metric caused by the entanglement Hamiltonian propagates from the bulk entangling surface. Thesis Supervisor: Hong Liu Title: Professor of Physics


Zinc is an essential trace element for all organisms. A common method for the prevention of zinc deficiency is pharmacological supplementation, especially in a high available form of a metalo-protein complex. The potential of different microbes in binding of essential and toxic heavy metals has been recently recognized. In this work, biosorption of zinc by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was investigated. Specific LAB were assessed for their ability to bind zinc from water solution. Significant amount of zinc ions were bound, and this binding was found to be strain specific. Differences among the strains in binding performance at a concentration range between 10 – 90 mg/L were evaluated with Langmuir model for biosorption. Binding of zinc was a fast process, strongly influenced by ionic strength, pH, biomass concentration, and temperature. The most effective metal binding strain was Leuconostoc mesenteroides (27.10 mg Zn2+/g dm bounded at pH=5 and 32 °C, during 24 hours). FT-IR spectroscopy analysis and electron microscopy demonstrated that passive adsorption and active uptake of the zinc ions were involved.


Abstract A significant trend within journalism is the growth of the commentary genre. Another trend is the regional withdrawal within news journalism. News media are closing down district offices, which raises concerns over media shadows and blind spots in coverage. This article addresses both of these trends through a case analysis of the Norwegian newspaper Nordlys. Launching its commentary innovation Nordnorsk debatt, Nordlys aims to exceed its geographical area within these columns, facilitating a regional public sphere in the Arctic region. The article discusses the role of opinion-based journalism in the regional public sphere, within the theoretical perspective of media ecology and institutional theory. We argue that covering the regional level in society is a vital part of journalism's institutional role. In addition, from an ecological perspective, the role of being a regional voice is important in the national public sphere.


This essay investigates the literary production of Asian migrant women in Great Britain through the study of the collection The Golden Cage: Urdu Short Stories by Asian Women in Britain, compiled by Safia Siddiqui in 2002. The Golden Cage is an example of feminist writing that denounces the violence and discrimination Asian women suffer both in their own communities and within British society. Through the written word, the authors of these short stories question traditional social discourses that construct Asian women in homogenous terms as passive and docile.


Fuel cells that generate electrical power by the direct electrochemical conversion of fuel to electricity are expected to become important sustainable energy sources for transportation and stationary applications. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems operating with oxygen and hydrogen or bio-derived fuels require an ion exchange membrane to transport H+ or OH- ions between the anode and cathode. Proton conduction in Nafion membranes is well studied. However these PEMFC systems rely on noble metal electrocatalysts due to the corrosive nature of the acidic electrolyte. An alkaline electrolyte allows non-noble catalysts to be used at the cathode, leading to reduced cost and enhanced sustainability. Understanding OH- transport and how it influences water management and polymer dynamics in anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is a critical design challenge and design parameter. Here, neutron scattering is used to disentangle the water, polymer relaxation and OH- diffusion dynamics in a commercial AEM system


The objective was to assess the effects of two methods of cryopreservation on the quality of Day 6.5-7.5 embryos (<300 mm) from mares and jennies. In group 1 (sf; n = 5 horse embryos and n = 4 donkey embryos), embryos were incubated at room temperature for 10 min in 1.5M ethylene glycol and then were frozen in 0.25ml plastic straws using Cryologic CL-3300 controlled-rate freezer. In group 2 (vf = 5 horse embryo and n = 4 donkey embryos), embryos were vitrified by exposure to VS1 for 5 min, moved to VS2, and then transferred into VS3 (EldridgePanuska et al., 2005). The embryo was loaded in a 3µl drop of VS3, was placed on the Fibreplug device and it was put in contact with precooled CMV block surface (CryoLogic, Pty Ltd, Victoria, Australia) for some second. After storage, the frozen embryos were thawed for 30 sec in a 37oC water bath. Vitrified embryos were warmed by immersion for 10 min in holding medium containing 0.25M galactose at 37oC. After thawing/warming, embryos were morphologically assessed and then stained with DAPI-TUNEL-Phalloidin stain. Embryos were assessed by confocal laser-scanning microscopy (LSM 710, Carl Zeiss Jena, Germany). GLM repeated measures analysis was used to analyze the embryo quality at recovery and after thawing/warming, and ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of the cryopreservation methods on the percentage of dead cells, fragmented/condensed nuclei and apoptotic nuclei. The percentage of embryos with different cytoskeleton quality was analyzed by c2 test. A significant decrease in embryo quality was observed after cryopreservation in all the groups (P < 0.05). The percentage of death cells after slow freezing was significantly lower than after vitrification in horse (5.0 ± 2.2 vs 9.8 ± 1.6, P < 0.01), but not in donkey (4.6 ± 3.2 vs 3.0 ± 0.1; n.s.). The percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly different in relation to cryopreservation methods and species (P = 0.002 and 0.022, respectively). No significant differences between groups were detected for the percentage of DNA fragmented or apoptotic cells. In relation with the quality of actin cytoskeleton of embryos, no differences between species or methods were detected. In horse embryos, when slow freezing was used, the cytoskeleton showed grade I in 40% of embryos and the remaining showed grade II. Embryos vitrified over solid surface and with Fibreplug had grade I in 20% of embryos and grade II in the other 80%. Embryos recovered from mares were more susceptible to vitrification than to slow freezing, since more cellular injuries were induced. In contrast, vitrification of donkey embryos induced lower cellular death and apoptosis than slow freezing, and it could suggest that vitrification is a good method for embryo cryopreservation in donkeys, which were more resistant to this method than horse embryos.


The role of surface roughness of printed RF components becomes more crucial as the frequency increases. Thus, modeling surface roughness for printed RF components is fundamental for accurate results. At multi-GHz range, the skin depth becomes comparable to the root-means-square height of the rough conductor surface. Failure to model the increased attenuation caused by conductor surface roughness can result in losses past the design margin and cause severe signal integrity problems. In this paper, we build a model to simulate the surface roughness of microstrip-lines; the model is based on real surface roughness measurements. We focus on theoretically modeling of screen-printed silver ink microstrip lines on polyimide substrate. The main objective is building a model to simulate surface roughness of printed RF component based on experimental measurements and study its effect on RF performance. In this way, it can be used for different inks printed using different additive manufacturing techniques. We used the modified Morgan and Hammerstad equation and the compound model to determine frequency dependent values for effective layer thickness and conductivity for a screen-printed silver ink trace. The results were compared to the experimental measurements. A very good agreement is observed between S21 using our model and the experimental measurements. An RMSE of 13.1% is achieved between experimental measurement and the simulated data.


How to set self-supply emergency generator in high-rise building with over 250 meters reasonably and effectively was mainly analyzed and discussed in detail,and the design principle and thoughts of setting self-supply emergency generator in high-rise building were expounded.It could provide references for self-supply emergency generator design in similar building.


In this paper, we study properties of the form u satisfying u = � x 2 a 2 � 1 v +�0; where v is a regular symmetric semi-classical form (linear functional). We give a necessary and su¢ cient condition for the regularity of the form u. The coe¢ cients of the three-term recurrence relation, satis…ed by the corresponding sequence of orthogonal polynomials, are given explicitly. A study of the semi-classical character of the founded families is done. An example related to the Generalized Gegenbauer form is worked out.


Background: The utilization of mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging or evaluation has been on the wane, because of the increasing use of methods such as endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)/endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). The choice of one modality over the other is based on individual preferences, expertise, cost, and the disease in question. Objectives: This study was aimed at assessing the changing trends in the practice of mediastinoscopy and endoscopic techniques across India. Materials and Methods: This online, questionnaire-based survey was conducted at the Malabar Cancer Center, Kerala, India, between September 2019 and January 2020. Surgical oncologists, thoracic surgeons, and pulmonologists treating patients with lung cancer in the National Cancer Grid, India-affiliated institutions were enrolled. A total of 20 questions directed at determining the experience of the healthcare professionals, type of institutions where they practiced, the volume of patients with lung cancers being treated by them, and the temporal changes in the utility of mediastinoscopy and EBUS/EUS over the past 2 years were included in the questionnaire. The survey was conducted using Google Forms. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. A P Results: A total of 347 clinicians were invited to participate in the survey, of which 70 responded. A total of 62 (88.6%) respondents recommended invasive mediastinal staging in patients with lung cancer with positive mediastinal nodes on positron emission tomography (PET). In addition, 39 (55.7%) respondents believed that invasive staging is required even in those with a negative mediastinum on PET; 58 (82.9%) respondents were of the opinion that EBUS is the investigation of choice for suspicious mediastinal nodes, while 8 (11.4%) preferred mediastinoscopy. Conclusion: Endoscopic techniques have superseded mediastinoscopy for invasive mediastinal evaluation across the country.


Autoregressive process with measurement errors is studied. Extended Yule-Walker equation is used to obtain the estimator of parameters. Strong consistency and asymptotic normality are proved under some common conditions. Computer simulation is used to show the presentation of estimator.


"The Rule of Law as Understood in the West" was considered at a round-table held by the International Association of Legal Science in Chicago in September, 1957. In the course of the discussion, a German participant, member of the German Constitutional Court, who had referred to a decision of his court, was asked what the vote had been in the case. His answer was a reference to a rule in German law requiring judges to keep the deliberation secret. The question may be asked, and it has been, whether a system under which the results of the vote in a court and dissenting opinions are concealed, particularly in the highest courts, can be considered to be in harmony with the requirements of public control of the courts, the responsibilities of the office of the judge, and "The Rule of Law." Comparative studies of the practices of the highest courts are lacking.' An attempt will be made to survey shortly the law in the Western World on the right of judges to make their individual vote known. Anselm von Feuerbach recalled that under early Germanic as well as early Roman procedure judgments were arrived at in public.2 Secrecy both of the deliberations themselves and of the results of the vote seems to have had its origin in later Roman and later canonist procedure.3 The practice of the courts of the Catholic Church has long been to keep the individual votes in secret archives.4 Today the Codex prescribes secrecy for all that happens during the deliberation, and the rules of procedure provide that individual votes may not be made available even to the court of appeal.5


To instruct the basic knowledge of law to the students is the focus of Chinese law education,which can make them know the basic concepts and constitutive factors of law.With the traditional education,students can have academic foundation of law in short time.But when they step into society their adaptability is poor,without obvious characteristics as a legal education audience,and can not really apply the legal knowledge in response to social issues.We should change the traditional spoon-feeding teaching way of indoctrination,and focus on the cultivation and application of legal thinking ability,so as to realize the aims of legal education as a social elite education.


In this paper we relate the generator property of an operator A with (abstract) generalized Wentzell boundary conditions on a Banach space X and its associated (abstract) Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann operator N acting on a "boundary" space ∂X . Our approach is based on similarity transformations and perturbation arguments and allows to split A into an operator A00 with Dirichlet‐type boundary conditions on a space X0 of states having "zero trace" and the operator N. If A00 generates an analytic semigroup, we obtain under a weak Hille–Yosida type condition that A generates an analytic semigroup on X if and only if N does so on ∂X . Here we assume that the (abstract) "trace" operator L:X→∂X is bounded that is typically satisfied if X is a space of continuous functions. Concrete applications are made to various second order differential operators.


We report on recent measurements of hadronic, semileptonic and leptonic $D$ decays taken using ~57 pb^-1 of data collected on the psi'' resonance using the CLEO-c detector.


: SiC@SiO 2 nanocables (NC), as a new functional nanocomposite, have captured widespread attention due to their excellent performances and widely application prospects. Therefore, it is significant to develop a kind of effective, economical and environmental method to prepare SiC@SiO 2 NC. Herein, a catalyst free carbothermal reduction method was developed to synthesize SiC@SiO 2 NC fast and efficently, through heating the mixture of silicon powder and silica sol at 1500 ℃ in Ar. The NC is composed of single-crystal β -SiC core and amorphous SiO 2 sheath, with the length of hundreds of micrometers and the diameter of 60–80 nm. And the size of the core-shell can be adjusted by the holding time. The formation of the NC is explained based on the experimental data and the vapor-solid (VS) mechanism. The experiment results can also enrich the mechanism, and offer inspiration for their industrial-scale production.


Service sharing is an important problem in distributed systems, where it affects wait time and allows for the equal use of services by a group of nodes. Mutual exclusion provides an appropriate sharing technique of a critical section (CS) among nodes by the priority order. The primary condition of mutual exclusion is that one node can only use one CS at any given time. In real life, queues and cashier services have long wait times that do not consider the priority of each node. The work presented in this paper proposed a token-based approach, which is a type of mutual exclusion that is suitable for smart cashier systems. In addition, a Fairness algorithm for priority process (FAPP) is implemented for minimizing wait time, decreasing queue length, and promoting fair CS use. The system performance evaluation based on the experiments performed proves the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the first-in-first-out (FIFO) approach in terms of reducing the waiting time.


Inkjet printing is a rapid prototyping tool that allows users to easily and quickly produce thin-film devices with inks containing desired functional materials. For example, users can use Computer-Aided Design or MS Office software to draw a pattern image and then simply "print" it to create wide, complex thin film devices made of a variety of functional materials. Therefore, inkjet printing can be effectively used to design and prototype thin film-based solid state devices for evaluating the properties of ion-conducting membranes or electrocatalysts.
 Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are one of the thin film based-solid state ionic devices that can produce electric energy in an eco-friendly way. SOFCs operating at high temperature have the advantages of high cogeneration efficiency and fuel flexibility, but their wide application is limited due to reduced long-term durability and high system cost. Accordingly, many studies have been conducted to develop the thin film-based SOFCs capable of high-performance driving in a low-temperature range.[1,2] Incorporation of nanoscale-thick ceramic electrolytes into SOFCs can minimize energy loss due to slow ion transport in the low-temperature region and achieve high power output.
 In this study, we demonstrated the applicability of inkjet printing to the fabrication of thin-film-based SOFCs containing nanoscale-thick yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte.[3] Our study was performed using a low-price HP inkjet printer and the structural design of thin film-based SOFC was controlled by the MS Office software. A functional ceramic ink including an electrode and an electrolyte material, respectively, was synthesized to have fluidity suitable for printing. A full inkjet-printed SOFC with nanoscale-thick YSZ electrolyte achieved a peak power density of 730 mw/cm2 at 650°C and a robust durability of 0.0002V h-1. It is significant in that economic feasibility and long-term stability are increasingly emerging as important attributes in terms of generalization of SOFC technology.

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 [3] G. D. Han, K. Bae, E. H. Kang, H. J. Choi, J. H. Shim, ACS Energy Lett.
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