(57) Abstract: not the large-scale manufacture (apparatus or method) is also the risk of failure based on the damage of the electrical connection body to contact between (in module) solar cell smaller, and the power generation efficiency manufacturing method, and a solar cell of the solar cell which does not decrease even. And A first surface, and opposite second surface to said first surface, a method for manufacturing a solar cell having a doped semiconductor substrate having a side end surface, the emitter layer (5), said first surface ( a plurality of regions of 2), the end face (4), and steps are formed at least on marginal region (9) of the second surface (3); said first surface (2), said end face (4) extending between the side portion (s) forming the longitudinal groove (7); said substrate (1) at least the complementary doped layer (8) to (impurities) (s) grooves (7 step formed); formed on the first surface (2) of (while filling a plurality of) grooves (7), said first and second surfaces (2,3) and said end face (4) step of forming a conductive region metal layer (12); said a collector said first surface peripheral area (9) (2) Gas to form a first electrode connected to (14), and forming a second electrode (15) in position within the region (18) inside said peripheral region of said second surface (3) (9) while, comprising first and second electrodes (14, 15) is in said second surface (3), which are electrically isolated from each other (insulated).


The analysis of prospects of introduction of the developments related to blokcheyn in the world and in Russia has been made. Key investors and beneficiaries in the development of blockchain technologies were identified. High competitiveness of Russian developments, unique staffing, and favorable climatic conditions for the development of blockade technologies in the Russian Federation were noted. The patent activity in the world has been analyzed and the place of Russia on the patent landscape in the field of blockchain technologies has been determined. It is shown that, to date, the weak position of Russian developers in the global patent landscape in the field of blockchain is not critical due to the high level of uncertainty in matters of protectability of the proposed blockchain algorithms. Special attention was paid to the delayed, perhaps shortterm, readiness of residents of industrially developed countries to expand in the global space of intellectual property associated with the blockchain as soon as the patentability of the proposed solutions is proved. It is concluded that the next 2–3 years should be considered as a "window of opportunity" to form the prerequisites for Russia's technological leadership in the cluster of block-technologies.


The Program Committee felt that it might be of some interest to you to get two pieces of information. One was some perception of what his happened in the programming language area in the last fifteen years, and then a little bit of introduction to making history, particularly for those of you who were not at the Forum yesterday.


This paper is based on the genetic algorithm, access to the Amap path planning API, under the constraints of the weight of goods purchased by users and the vehicle itself, the goal of minimizing the total distance of all distribution vehicles is achieved, and finally the distribution sequence of vehicles is obtained. Through path planning, we can improve the efficiency of distribution and the satisfaction of customers.


We present the most recent crustal displacements in China,based on two GNSS observation campaigns in 2009 and 2011 at 1972 sites of the national major scientific infrastructure project "Crustal Movement Observation Network of China"(CMONOC).The displacement map shows the far-field effects of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake on stress-field of northeast China,as well as postseismic deformation associated with the 2001 Kunlun Shan and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquakes,and it also displays the current deformation of the Tibetan Plateau due to the indention of the Indian plate in unprecedented details.


The use of smartphones before competitions or games has been increasingly common in athletes of different modalities. Often, athletes are observed on social networks or mobile games before starting official matches. This practice has been associated with a higher cognitive demand. So, a question can be asked: can the excessive use of activities with high cognitive demands affect the physical performance of professional athletes?.


The British Assn., at the end of the last centurym decided that the centimetre, gram, and second, known as the CGS system, was the most suitable for scientific work. For practical purposes, however, the centimetre and gram were too small, and another system known as the MKSA was introduced. As the initials imply, the basic units were the metre, the kilogram, the second, and the electrical unitthe ampere. Thus in the early 1950s the Tenth Genl. Conf. on Weights and Measures set the pattern of what is now termed the SI system, based upon the MKSA proposals, but to which were added other units; for example, temperature in degrees Kelvin and light intensitythe can delaabbreviated by the letters K and cd, respectively.


This paper extends the classical nonparametric curve-fitting methods for fuzzy random variables. The study was conducted in two parts: 1) fuzzy density estimation and 2) nonparametric regression. The classical nonparametric density estimation was first developed based on the kernel method for a given fuzzy random sample at crisp and/or fuzzy point based on crisp or fuzzy bandwidth. The classical bandwidth selection was also extended when the underlying population was normal with known or unknown fuzzy variance. Moreover, the classical nonparametric kernel-based regression model with crisp and/or input or output is extended whenever a given bandwidth is a crisp or fuzzy number. The cross-validation procedure for selecting the optimal value of the (crisp) smoothing parameter is also extended to fit the proposed nonparametric regression model. The large sample properties of the proposed fuzzy estimators were also investigated by some theorems. Several numerical examples including that of real-life data are used to illustrate the proposed methods in curve-fitting estimation with crisp and/or fuzzy information. Moreover, the proposed methods were examined in comparison with some other existing methods, and their effectiveness were clarified via some numerical examples and simulation studies. Both theatrical and numerical results indicated that the nonparametric curve-fitting methods significantly reduced the sum of square errors as well as the spreads of the fuzzy curve-fitting estimation.


This study aims to analyze the influence of Jigsaw type cooperative learning model with a mind maps on Thematic learning outcomes in grade V SDN 01 Bengkulu Tengah. This research is a quantitative research. The research method used was Quasi Experimental with Matching Only Pretes-Posstet Control Group Design. The population of this research is the class V students of SDN 01 Bengkulu Tengah and the sample is the VB class as an experimental class and VA class as a control class taken using the Random Sampling technique. The instrument used for the aspect of knowledge consisted of multiple choice question tests given through Pretest and Posttest, while for the attitude and skills aspects used observation sheets. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis, prerequisite test analysis, hypothesis test analysis and observations. From the results of the research found tcount (3.25) > ttable (2.01) in Indonesian subjects and tcount (2.70) > ttable (2.01) in Social Sciences subjects. The tcount obtained higher than the ttable announced that the experimental class using a Jigsaw type cooperative learning model with a mind map than the conventionally implemented control class, while the attitude and skills aspects show significant differences between sample classes.  Be concluded, that there was an influence of Jigsaw type cooperative learning model with a mind maps on Thematic learning outcomes in grade V SDN 01 Bengkulu Tengah.


Nine bright O-rich Mira stars and five semiregular variable cool M giants have been observed with the Infrared and Optical Telescope Array (IOTA) interferometer in both K0 ( 2.15 lm) and L0 ( 3.8 lm) broadband filters, in most cases at very close variability phases. All of the sampleMira stars and four of the semiregular M giants show strong increases, from '20% to '100%, in measured uniform-disk (UD) diameters between the K0 and L0 bands. (A selection of hotter M stars does not show such a large increase.) There is no evidence that K0 and L0 broadband visibility measurements should be dominated by strong molecular bands, and cool expanding dust shells already detected around some of these objects are also found to be poor candidates for producing these large apparent diameter increases. Therefore, we propose that this must be a continuum or pseudocontinuum opacity effect. Such an apparent enlargement can be reproduced using a simple two-component model consisting of a warm (1500–2000 K), extended (up to '3 stellar radii), optically thin ( ' 0:5) layer located above the classical photosphere. The Planck weighting of the continuum emission from the two layers will suffice to make the L0 UD diameter appear larger than theK0 UDdiameter. This twolayer scenario could also explain the observed variation of Mira UD diameters versus infrared wavelength— outside of strong absorption bands—as already measured inside the H, K, L, and N atmospheric windows. This interpretation is consistent with the extended molecular gas layers (H2O, CO, etc.) inferred around some of these objects from previous IOTA K0-band interferometric observations obtained with the Fiber Linked Unit for Optical Recombination (FLUOR) and from Infrared Space Observatory and high-resolution ground-based FTS infrared spectra. The two-component model has immediate implications. For example, the Mira photosphere diameters are smaller than previously recognized—this certainly implies higher effective temperatures, and it may favor fundamental mode pulsation. Also, the UD model fails generally to represent the brightness distribution and has very limited applicability for Mira stars. The presence of a very extended gas layer extending up to'3 stellar radii seems now well established on a fair sample of asymptotic giant branch stars ranging from late-type giants to long-period variables, with some probable impact on stellar model atmospheres andmass-loss mechanisms. Subject headings: circumstellar matter — instrumentation: interferometers — stars: atmospheres — stars: variables: other — techniques: interferometric


Becoming a teacher entails a complex process which occurs over time in different contexts. Teacher education (TE) plays a central role in it. Although TE has been subject to criticism in regard to its effectiveness in preparing high quality teachers, it does make a difference for quality teachers (Flores 2016). As such, it requires careful programme design, an elaborated view of the intended process of teacher learning, specific pedagogical approaches and an investment in the quality of staff members (Korthagen, Loughran, and Russell 2006). Thus, debates focusing on TE revolve around, amongst other features, its curriculum, its rationale and key components, and its impact on the education and professional learning of preservice teachers (e.g., Darling-Hammond and Lieberman 2012; Livingston and Flores 2017). While teacher education is not to be seen as the panacea to improve education, it certainly does play a role in educating teachers to deal with the increasing complexities of teaching and learning in schools and classrooms in the 21st century. Issues such as motivations for becoming a teacher, the place of reflection in learning to teach, the formation of the professional identity as a teacher, the value of teacher education, the role of teacher educators and the importance of international and comparative perspectives in investigating teacher education are but a few examples of the complex interplay of variables in studying teacher education. The papers included in this issue investigate and discuss these aspects of teacher education. In the first paper, 'Pre-service Teachers in Germany's Pluralistic Scholarship System and Their Motivations for Becoming Teachers', Martin Drahmann, Samuel Merk, Colin Cramer, and Martin Rothland from Germany, focus on a key dimension in studying teacher education. The authors address student teachers' motivations for entering teaching, particularly those enrolled on a scholarship programme for highly talented students. They look at differences in motivations for choosing a teaching career between supported and unsupported preservice teachers. Data were collected through a survey with 703 pre-service teachers. Results indicate significant differences between supported and unsupported pre-service teachers in terms of their motivations for becoming teachers. The authors state that these differences are to the disadvantage of the unsupported pre-service teachers, who tend to have lower degrees of intrinsic and altruistic motivation. Drahmann, Merk, Cramer, and Rothland assert that the findings relevant to research on teacher education and to the support of highly talented preservice teachers. Implications of the findings and avenues for further research are discussed in the paper. The second paper, 'Irish Student Teachers' Beliefs about Self, Learning and Teaching: A Longitudinal Study', by Kathleen Horgan and Fíodhna Gardiner-Hyland, from Ireland, is also related to student teachers but this time on their beliefs about self-as-teacher, learning and teaching during a three-year undergraduate programme. The authors report on a study using qualitative grounded theory analysis in order to explore the initial beliefs or personal EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TEACHER EDUCATION 2019, VOL. 42, NO. 2, 131–134 https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2019.1575092


The study of anthropogenic causes of the deterioration of the state of small rivers is the first step towards their conservation and restoration, improving the human environment as a whole. The aim of the study is the fishery and environmental assessment of water quality of small rivers in the Pripyat River basin (the area of right-bank tributaries in the middle part of the river) within the Rivne region in the northern-west region of Ukraine. The initial data for the assessment have been the results of monitoring (27 physical and chemical indicators) during 2010–2018.
The assessment by the integral ecological index (Ie) has shown that the rivers belonged to the II quality class in terms of average values and were characterized as "clean" and "clean enough". According to the worst values, the rivers belonged to the II-III quality classes and were characterized as "fairly clean" – "slightly polluted" – "moderately polluted". The best water quality by the Ie index was established for the Zhabichi River within the urban-type settlement of Demydivka. Water quality of the Ustia River below the runoff of the cities of Rivne and Zdolbuniv has corresponded to IV-V classes i.e. was "dirty" and "very dirty" (high content of phosphates, nitrogen compounds, copper, manganese, and zinc). In terms of trophic state, the water of the rivers is mesotrophic (according to average values) and eutrophic (according to the worst values), except for the part of the Ustia River below the runoff of the city of Rivne, where the water is polytrophic.
The rivers have failed to meet water quality standards for fishery water use by COD, BOD5, and heavy metals content (Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn).


Periodic Testing (PT) or Skip Testing (ST) is an important and widely discussed concept for the purpose of cost saving in the generic pharmaceutical industry where widespread expenditure is a necessity. As there is no particular/ appropriate/apropos guideline recommending the implementation of the PT or ST concept so pharmaceutical companies implement it depends on their vendor qualification procedure and other aspects. All pharmaceutical industries have their internal Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the implementation of periodic or skip testing. These tests can be implemented for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), excipients, packing materials and inprocess testing of finished products analysis. Implementation of PT or ST for API, excipient and packaging material can be approached according to SOPs which would be available for an audit by the regulatory agencies. However, the implementation of PT for in-process testing of finished product can be undertaken only after seeking concurrence from the agency either during the review of a marketing authorization application or after approval of the application. A suitable supplement or variation needs to be submitted to the agency for its review if PT is to be implemented for in-process testing. This article explains the periodic testing/skip testing approach for in-process samples, APIs, excipients and packing materials.


This chapter argues that law had a physical presence in the landscape of late-medieval England. Legal ideas did not consist merely in words and writings, but were constituted in their concrete manifestations in the material environment; this was the terrain upon which they were articulated, contested, and resolved. People whose lives were lived so close to the land understood its signification intuitively. They knew the places in which they dwelt and worked were replete with different legal claims, some so well established by generations of institutional or customary arrangements that they formed part of the architecture of the everyday, while others remained latent in the slowly changing land, ready to become problematic if a stream were diverted, or new buildings were constructed. The existence of such claims imbued everyday mobilities with legal significance: people had to watch their step, moving through the world in ways that accorded with some claims while contesting others—droving cattle through a particular field, moving a boundary stone to its 'proper' place, fishing at a certain point on the river—in a legal language that was broadly comprehensible. The late-medieval landscape represented a large surface on which non-elites could make their own legal inscriptions.


The amount of ferric iron in the lower mantle is unknown; however, recent work has shown that ferric iron Fe may explain seismic anomalies in the lower mantle (Kurnosov et al., 2017) and has a strong effect on mantle mineralogy and corresponding assemblage density (Gu et al., 2016). In order to fully understand the implications of Fe on lower mantle mineralogy, we conducted laser-heated diamond-anvil cell experiments to lower mantle pressures and temperatures on two nearly identical synthetic glass samples approximating an ocean island basalt parent body [MIX1G; Hirschmann et al., 2003]). The pyroxenite mixtures differed in ferric iron content; with one sample more oxidizing (Fe/ΣFe ~ 55%) and one more reducing (Fe/ΣFe ~11%). The samples were examined with in-situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The resulting mineral assemblages and densities were drastically different between the two sets of samples. For the reducing composition, we observed an assemblage of bridgmanite, calcium silicate perovskite, calcium-ferrite structured phase, alumina, stishovite, and metallic iron (in descending order of abundance). We observed the coupled substitution of Fe and Al, along with Fe into the bridgmanite structure. In addition, we observed the disproportionation of Fe into metallic iron, which was confirmed by XRD and EPMA. In contrast, in the oxidizing material, we only observed two phases: bridgmanite (~95%), where Mg and Ca formed a solid solution in the perovskite structure, and a calcium-ferrite structured phase. We directly observed the absorption of all Fe, Al, and Ca into the bridgmanite structure. These results show that large amounts of Fe content could potentially hinder the formation of secondary minerals in the lower mantle such as calcium silicate perovskite, which could have important implications on the interpretation of deep mantle geochemistry. Overall, the reduced sample assemblage is 3-4% greater in density than the oxidized sample. As a result, a reduced assemblage would have slower seismic velocities than the oxidized material. Therefore, variations in seismic velocities in the lower mantle as observed in global tomography models may be a result of varying ferric iron content. Gu, Tingting, et al. "Redox-induced lower mantle density contrast and effect on mantle structure and primitive oxygen." Nature Geoscience 9.9 (2016): 723-727. Hirschmann, Marc M., et al. "Alkalic magmas generated by partial melting of garnet pyroxenite." Geology 31.6 (2003): 481-484. Kurnosov, A., et al. "Evidence for a Fe3+-rich pyrolitic lower mantle from (Al, Fe)bearing bridgmanite elasticity data." Nature 543.7646 (2017): 543-546.


This paper presents a time-to-digital converter (TDC) using delta-sigma (ΔΣ) architecture which utilizes a charge pump as the time to voltage converter and a low bit SAR ADC as the quantizer. By never resetting the capacitor connected to the charge pump, a simple integrator is realized and first order noise shaping is achieved. This TDC is designed and simulated in 65 nm CMOS technology and can operate at 200 MHz sampling frequency. For 1 MHz bandwidth, simulation shows that this TDC achieves 74.9 dB SNDR and 269 fsrms integrated noise for ±1.5 ns input range. The proposed TDC consumes 0.9 mW power from 1 V power supply that translates to FoM of 99 fJ/conv.


This paper studies the effects of migration on the schooling investment of heterogeneous households. I use an IV-discrete choice model of schooling investment, which distinguishes between migration attempts and actual migrations to (partially) identify the net effect of migration on schooling investments. Looking at emigration from Senegal to Europe, I find a negative net effect of migration on the enrollment in upper secondary education for many sub-groups of households in Senegal. Interestingly, there is a gender difference in the causes of these negative signs: positively skill-biased migration leads to the negative net effect observed on women, whereas disincentives to invest in education drive the negative net effect observed on men. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that financially constrained households substitute an investment in migration to an investment in education.


Abstract : Defence Research Establishment Atlantic (DREA) has conducted an experiment involving the measurement of radiated noise from a ring-stiffened cylinder subjected to a harmonic load. This experiment was performed to provide validation data for structural acoustics computer codes being developed in-house and under contract. The experiment was in two parts. The first involved determining the natural frequencies of the cylinder in air, while the second stage of testing involved determining the natural frequencies of the cylinder while it was submerged and measuring directivity patterns of radiated noise when the submerged cylinder was excited at some of its natural frequencies. This report contains all the directivity patterns produced in the trials, as well as listings of the measured natural frequencies, both in-air and submerged and, as such serves as an annex to an earlier report describing the experiment.


Studies of literary texts can be more fruitful if linguistic methods are employed. Linguistics has various sub-branches. Each branch has its own target area of language, and its own methods. This paper investigates the use of a lexical approach to study a literary text. Khushwant Singh's short story 'Mr. Kanjoos and the Great Miracle' is selected for the study.


This paper describes an analytical model used in a comparative study of reflexive metadiscourse in research articles written in English. The model described here draws its main components from Mauranen (1992; 1993b) and Adel (2006) with some modifications. The adjustments were made in order to render the model more applicable to the research article genre. This model overcomes one of the major weaknesses of the earlier frameworks by providing clear criteria for the identification of reflexive metadiscourse. It also investigates an under-researched aspect of metadiscourse, namely reflexive metadiscourse and sets it in two broad categories ranging from reflexivity of high explicitness to reflexivity of low explicitness. Finally, this model allows for a functional analysis of reflexive metadiscourse.


In this paper, we consider three problems, which are the computation of strong pseudoprimes, covering systems of congruences and generalized bent functions. Our highlights include: (1) through programming, proving that 3 825 123 056 546 413 051 is the smallest composite passing Miller-Rabin test to the first nine prime bases; (2) proving Kims conjecture that exact covering systems of congruences in any algebraic number field must have repeated moduli; (3) proving that two classes of generalized bent functions do not exist.


Decreased responsiveness to sensory stimuli during sleep is thought to be mediated via a thalamic gate. However, olfactory information can gain access to olfactory cortices without an obligatory thalamic relay. It remains unknown how the olfaction system "gates" information flow during sleep. Here we simultaneously recorded local field potentials (LFPs) in hierarchical olfactory regions (olfactory bulb, piriform cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex) while optogenetically activating olfactory sensory neurons, ensuring consistent peripheral inputs across sleep/wake states in freely behaving mice. Surprisingly, evoked LFPs in sleep states (both NREM and REM) were larger in amplitude and contained greater gamma band power than in wakefulness. These findings argue against a central olfactory "gate," further supported by single unit recordings in the piriform cortex showing nonattenuated information transmission during sleep. Quantitative analysis of nasal breathing revealed slower respiration rates and shallower inhalation slopes during sleep, supporting a peripheral "gate" that physically regulates state-dependent olfactory inputs.


The article overviews the current state and problems of geodetic, navigational and timing maintenance of geological and geophysical survey. Innovation trends and perspectives of the technologies' modernization are considered. The main problems of geodetic, navigational and timing maintenance considered in the article are: old normative and technical documents on this kind of works in Russia, coordinate systems transformations problems, necessity of GNSS-devices adaptation for the specific conditions of geology/geophysics. The main ways of modernization of geodetic, navigational and timing maintenance considered in the paper are: adding newest GNSS technologies (PPP/RTPPP method; new GNSS as Galileo and BeiDou; special services etc.); adding INS/GNSS devices; machine vision systems; remote sensing technologies including UAVs and lidar measurements. The examples of the first steps of using this technologies and methods are given. The main conclusion about the importance of the creation of the common technical documentation base was made.


Aims: Smooth muscle antibody (SMA) with F‐actin reactivity has been reported as a diagnostic marker of autoimmune hepatitis. We re‐visited this relationship by randomly selecting SMA‐positive sera to test for reactivity with F‐actin by ELISA. We correlated such reactivity with liver function tests. Methods: Sera positive for SMA by indirect immunofluorescence were tested for reactivity by F‐actin ELISA and the results correlated with liver function tests. Results: 89 SMA‐positive sera reacted with F‐actin by ELISA. Of these, 35 (39%) had normal liver enzymes, while 54 (60%) had elevated liver enzymes. There was no difference between the groups with respect to age at presentation, female preponderance or presence of anti‐nuclear antibody. In both groups, high titre SMA antibody predominantly with immunofluorescence staining of renal glomeruli and peritubular fibrils of renal tubules ('G/T' subset) correlated with makedly elevated F‐actin values by ELISA. 'Actin cables' by immunofluorescence staining of Hep‐2 cells were infrequently found in both groups. Conclusions: This is the first report of SMA with F‐actin reactivity in subjects with normal liver function.


The Comoros archipelago lies in the Indian Ocean east of Mozambique, and is composed of four volcanic islands and the off-shore bank of Geyser and Zelee. Its coastal and marine habitats range from rocky shores to pure white sandy beaches, coral reefs and mangroves. Three islands belong to the Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros, and one is a French Collectivite. Grande Comore and Anjouan are steep-sided, while Moheli has a significant expanse of shallow water. These three are ringed by fringing reefs. Mayotte is a marine paradise with an immense and complicated barrier reef, fringing reefs and many patch reefs, and also has a very uncommon but well studied' double-barrier' reef. More than 80% of the Comorian population live in coastal areas and rely on agriculture and marine resources for their livelihood. Poverty and demographic trends (519,000 in Comoros, 133,000 in Mayotte), include a rate of population increase which is one of the highest in the world. This, and a shift of the economy from primary to secondary activities in Mayotte, create identified threats to the coastal environment. Human pressure on the marine and coastal resources is close to the limits of sustainability . Available data show that anthropogenic threats include both over-harvesting of natural resources and habitat destruction. Marine ecosystems have suffered massively during the last decade from siltation due to poor land use practices and sewage pollution. Mayotte lagoonal communities, with their limited water exchange, are being affected by sediment and pollutant accumulation. Organic and toxic chemicals discharged into the lagoon from various sources over two decades will increase and become more serious over the next decade as well. This may affect, in the medium or long-term, neighbouring marine habitats as well as people living nearby. Coastal and marine resources from the Comoros archipelago are of great importance in the maintenance of biodiversity in this part of the Indian Ocean, but loss of critical habitats such as coral reefs, mangroves and beaches will also be of general significant economic and social concern in the coming decade. Global phenomena such as the El Nino-related massive mortality in 1998 affected this region also. In addition, because of its location beside tanker routes, the Comoros islands remain at risk from oil pollution which, given a tidal range of 4 m, would affect all the coastal ecosystems.


The essay gives a comparative analysis of the pronunciation errors by the Lao students and the Thai students and concludes that most of their errors are the same or similar due to their similar mother tongues and an inter-lingual transfer when they are learning Pinyin.Therefore,the author points out that the same teaching strategy should be adopted in dealing with these errors with similar origins and features.Thus,the teachers should help the students get rid of the negative transfer from their mother tongues especially during their Pinyin learning period.


This special issue is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Christine Floss (Fig. 1). Dr. Floss (1961–2018) was a Research Professor in the Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for Space Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL). Christine was a longtime member and a fellow of the Meteoritical Society and served as an associate editor for Meteoritics & Planetary Science for 10 years (2005–2015). For over 30 years, Dr. Christine Floss measured the isotopic and elemental compositions of macroscopic to submicroscopic components in extraterrestrial materials to better understand their origins and processes, for example, planetary differentiation, thermal metamorphism, and aqueous alteration, during the early history of our solar system. In particular, she was an expert in the trace element and isotopic analysis of planetary materials, meteorites, and stardust ("presolar") grains, studying the origin and evolution of the solar system. For her research, she used coordinated in situ ion microprobe (Cameca IMS-3f and NanoSIMS 50) and electron microscopy (SEM, Auger Nanoprobe, and dual-beam FIB-TEM) techniques. Christine's research interests were extremely diverse, and she studied many different types of extraterrestrial materials, from lunar samples to meteorites and presolar grains, returned samples from the NASA Stardust and Genesis missions, Antarctic micrometeorites (AMMs), and interplanetary dust particles (IDPs). She was involved in the chemical and isotopic studies of IDPs, AMMs, and primitive chondrites to understand the origins of presolar and protosolar components in these materials. She performed evaporation experiments to better understand the origin of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions and isotopic and compositional studies of Stardust crater residues and hypervelocity impact experiments to characterize the samples returned from comet 81P/Wild 2. Identification and characterization of craters from the Stardust interstellar dust collector also attracted her scientific interest. She also studied the trace element distribution of individual minerals in extraterrestrial samples, to understand their petrogenesis, as well as secondary effects occurring on their parent bodies (thermal metamorphism, aqueous alteration). Christine was a gifted and dedicated scientist and mentor, and an extraordinary colleague, collaborator, and friend to many in the cosmochemistry and planetary science community. This issue presents research by her former students, friends, and collaborators. Christine's former collaborators Dr. Alexander Ruzicka and Dr. Larry Nittler served as associate and guest editors for this MAPS issue. Christine earned a B.A. in German from Purdue University in 1983; a second degree in Geology from Indiana University, Bloomington in 1987; and a PhD in Geochemistry from the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at WUSTL in 1991. Her bachelor's work at Indiana University focused on the compositions of glass fragments in Apollo 16 regolith breccias. During her PhD, Christine worked with Dr. Ghislaine Crozaz on rare Earth element (REE) distributions in meteorites (e.g., aubrites) and ferroan anorthosites. She showed that the heterogeneous REE patterns in oldhamite from aubrites can be best understood by their condensation in the solar nebula, contrary to popular theories about their igneous origins in a parent body. It was during her time at WUSTL that she developed her expertise with—and love of—the ion microprobe as her instrument of choice to explore the characteristics and origins of extraterrestrial materials. Christine moved to Heidelberg, Germany, in 1991 after completing her doctorate for a research scientist position at the MaxPlanck-Institut f€ ur Kernphysik. She got married in 1993 in Heidelberg to the late Dr. Frank Stadermann. While at the Max-Planck-Institut f€ ur Kernphysik, Christine published on aubrites, angrites, and pallasites, showing early on the breadth of her interests and developing expertise with microanalysis, especially with Meteoritics & Planetary Science 55, Nr 6, 1153–1159 (2020) doi: 10.1111/maps.13489


A method to predict the residual strength of composite laminates with notch is presented based on the analytical solved model of the notch-edge stress. Using the 0° layer average stress ratio of the laminate with notch to the one without notch as failure characterization parameter,the residual strengths are studied comparatively. As results are: trend which the failure characterization parameters change with the notch distance and aperture of 90° and 0° layer is calculated,the residual strengths are also obtained,for T300/1034-C laminate plate. Change trends of the failure characterization parameters are compared,for four kinds of common engineering laminate plate. The analytical results are compared with the experimental ones,which certified the validity of the developed method.


Use of a portable near-infrared transmittance spectrometer (NIT-38, NIR Technology, Australia] was evaluated for the authentication of tablets. Operating in the third overtone region (720–1090 nm, 10 nm wavelength increment), the device was used to analyse tablets in transmission mode using a custom-made cell. Authentic tablets of two proprietary products were studied: cialis (n = 14 tablets, from four batches); levitra (n = nine tablets, from three batches). Counterfeit versions of these two products were also analysed: counterfeit cialis (n = 22 tablets, from eight batches); counterfeit levitra (n = 19 tablets, from several batches). Data were converted from transmittance to apparent absorbance and scatter corrected using standard normal variate (SNV) transform. Classification models were constructed for each product from principal component scores and used UNEQ for classification. The classification ability of each UNEQ model was verified using the scores of the other authentic and counterfeit tablets. An unsupervised learning method (Kohonen self-organising map (SOM)) was also studied to further assess the utility of transmission measurements in the third overtone region for identification. Compressed wafers of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and major excipients were prepared and analysed in transmission. These data and those of the analysed tablets were used to train the SOM. UNEQ classification models were able to correctly identify authentic tablets and differentiate them from counterfeits (p < 0.05). The SOM showed close association of authentic tablets with their respective APIs and revealed the presence of several clusters in the counterfeit samples suggesting several sources of origin. Sufficient chemical information was therefore found to exist in the spectra to enable tablet authentication and cluster counterfeits to reveal their likely number of sources of origin.


Abstract Two operations for coronary artery aneurysm with fistula are reported. This rare congenital malformation can be associated with acute and chronic complications. Surgical treatment is generally recommended. The surgical strategy remains controversial and is discussed. Retrograde cardioplegic cardiac arrest and retrograde dissection of the fistula are favoured. Conservative treatment of the dilated coronary segments was adopted. In both cases, the postoperative course was uneventful and no residual shunts were diagnosed at postoperative echocardiography.


Pragmatics broadly concerns the way in which language is used in its social context. The increasing visibility of pragmatics on research agendas highlights the importance of its role in foreign language learning, to the extent that pragmatics now appears as a regular fi xture in the fi rst place Second Language Acquisition (SLA) studies and applied linguistics research. In the globalised context of intercultural communication, pragmatics can be viewed as combining the knowledge of linguistic forms and their functional meaning, knowledge of the sociocultural context within which language is used, and the ability to use these knowledge bases in social interaction (Taguchi 2018). Special attention is paid to the jointly constructed nature of pragmatics, involving repeated adjustment and negotiation as L2 interaction unfolds in any manner of dynamic social contexts. Pragmatics developing the mapping liken learning a language to community which both understanding linguistic social norms practices commonly and constructed. Learners pragmatically when local norms not obvious and which vary languages by language This special issue re fl ects the research-informed and pedagogically-oriented nature of pragmatics study and the central role it plays in foreign language learning. learning and teaching that took place at the University of Lancashire in northwest England. In this special issue of The Language Learning Journal , eight studies are presented that look at various aspects of learning and teaching L2 pragmatics. and Halenko s opening study investigates the immediate and sustained e ff ects of a pre-departure study abroad training on the oral production of L2 Chinese formulaic language across a range of social and transactional interactions. The quantitative and qualitative fi ndings demonstrate the longitudinal bene fi ts of pre-SA instruction. Results show that the instructed group outperformed the control group immediately after the pre-SA instruction, as well as after the year abroad. and Pham examines the role of instruction in developing Vietnamese EFL learners ' ability to comprehend two types of implicatures: indirect refusals and indirect opinions. While learners improved their comprehension of both types of implicatures, instruction produced a larger e ff ect on indirect refusals. Findings from the interview also revealed more e ff ective use of inferencing strategies by the learners after the treatment. appropriateness which had the most positive change, they found that the SA had minimal positive impact on the variables examined, suggesting that activation and processing of pragmatic knowledge needs enhancement from other sources and that learners need a longer period of time to develop appropriate pragmatic output across a range of academic encounters. Finally, Wang and Ren ' s study analyses the e ff ects of pro fi ciency and study abroad on Chinese EFL learners ' refusals. They compared three groups of Chinese university students: low-pro fi ciency learners without SA experience and advanced learners with/without SA. Results reveal that the signi fi cant e ff ects of L2 pro fi ciency on appropriateness and of SA on syntactic complexity.


Extracted from text ... S. Afr. J. Psychol. 2001, 31 (2) 67
Book Reviews
Labour Relations: The Psychology of Conflict
and Negotiation (2nd Edition)
Tustin, Charles and Geldenhuys, Dirk
Cape Town: Oxford University Press
250 Pages
R180, 00
ISBN 0 19 571863 1
'Labour Relations: The psychology of conflict and negotiation'
is a second edition of 'Industrial Relations: A Psychological
Approach' by Charles Tustin (1994). It aims, according to the
authors, to present a framework of the labour relations system
from a psychological perspective. This introductory text makes
use of this open systems framework to structure a discussion of
the subject matter. As ..


Flooding is the most significant natural hazard in Malaysia in terms of population affected, frequency, flood extent, flood duration and social economic damage. Flooding causes loss of lives, injuries, property damage and leave some economic damage to the country especially when it occurs in a rural area where the main income is dependent on agricultural area. This study focused on flooding in oil palm plantations, rubber plantations and fruits and vegetables area. InfoWorks ICM was used to develop a flood model to study the impact of flooding and to mitigate the floods using a retention pond. Later, Geographical Information System (GIS) together with the flood model were used for the analysis on flood damage assessment and management of flood risk. The estimated total damage for three different flood event; 10 ARI, 50 ARI and 100 ARI involved millions of ringgits. In reducing the flood impact along the Selangor River, retention pond was suggested, modeled and tested. By constructing retention pond, flood extents in agricultural area were reduced significantly by 60.49% for 10 ARI, 45.39% for 50 ARI and 46.54% for 100 ARI.


The history of bankruptcy: economic, social and cultural implications in early modern Europe edited by Thomas Max Safley, London:  Routledge , 2013, cop. 2013 This volume takes up bankruptcy in early modern Europe, when its frequency made it not only an economic problem but a personal tragedy  and a social evil. Using legal, business and personal records, the  essays in this volume examine the impact of failure on business organizations and practices, capital formation and circulation,  econo...


This article follows the project entitled "Control I / O accessories, computer equipment and telecommunications laboratories of the Division of Information Technology, radiofrequency (RFID) at the Technological University of Tabasco" financed with PROMEP, the project in question consists of two parts: hardware; involving RFID technology and software in which you have a web app, mobile app with access to a NoSQL database. Referencing the integration of front- end and back-end of the web app and the trend in data storage NoSQL MongoDB specific model.


Polyaniline (PANI)-based magnetic nano-composites, with Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles as disperse phase, can be used for EMI shielding application in electronic devices. In the present work, PANI/Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 composites, having different PANI/Ferrite w/w ratios, were prepared under suitable synthesis conditions to avoid excessive dissolution of the ferrite and favor its dispersion into the polymeric matrix. The Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 stoichiometry was selected because of its highest maximum magnetization value (55emu/g) and a susceptibility of 3.645. The ferrite average crystallite size was calculated as 10.6 nm using Scherrer's formula. XRD, HRTEM and SQUID analyses confirmed the formation of the magnetic nanocomposite. As expected, the saturation magnetization in the nano-composites varied according to the PANI/Ferrite ratio, but without affecting the magnetic susceptibility of the ferrite.


which was evaluated at 90 days after neurosurgical To the Editor: Surgical site infection (SSI) after the neurosurgical operation, while uncommon, is a serious procedures. According to the SSI criteria of the Centers complication. The prevalence of SSI has been reported in a range between 0.5% and 8.0%, and the risk for SSI was independently associated with the number of operations (>1), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, duration of operation more than 4 h, CSF leakage, venous sinus entry, American Society of Anesthesiologists score more than 2, gender, surgical purposes (non-traumatic), and other infections. CSF leakage, lumbar, and extraventricular drainage were independent risk factors of SSI identified with regard to traumatic brain injury. In terms of the continuing conflict in southern Thailand, the patients injured from blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) have been reported. The blast effects can cause injuries, including open-scalp wounds, skull fractures, dural tearing, and CSF leakage. Such a wound that becomes contaminated results in SSI. From the literature review, there appears to be a lack of studies concerning the factors associated with SSI in bTBI. The aim of this study is to explore the clinical and neuroimaging parameters associated with SSI in patients with bTBI.


Thank you very much for downloading anarchism a history of libertarian ideas and movements. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen books like this anarchism a history of libertarian ideas and movements, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.


In the present article we describe how one can define Hausdorff measure allowing empty elements in coverings, and using infinite countable coverings only. In addition, we discuss how the use of different nonequivalent interpretations of the notion "countable set", that is typical for classical and modern mathematics, may lead to contradictions. The m-dimensional Hausdorff measure is one of the main fundamental notions in Geometric Measure Theory. To define it, one needs to make an agreement what is the value of 0. Also, there is a temptation to use the empty set as element of coverings, like it is naturally done in general measure theory. However, if we do that, we get the following problem in the case m = 0: the diameters of the empty set and a singleton are equal to each other (and equal to 0), but they have to contribute differently to the definition of zero-dimensional Hausdorff measure. Namely, the empty set should not influence on the value of the measure, but each singleton has to add 1. This discrepancy can not be overcome by the agreement on 0 only. The most popular approach follows the famous monograph by Federer "Geometric Measure Theory" [1] in which the empty sets are forbidden to be elements of coverings, and the coverings can be not only infinite countable, but finite as well. In particular, the empty covering is allowed too. In the present article we describe how one can define Hausdorff measure allowing empty elements in coverings, and using infinite countable coverings only. In addition, we discuss how the use of different nonequivalent interpretations of the notion "countable set", that is typical for classical and modern mathematics, may lead to contradictions. To start with, we recall the definition of Hausdorff measure, see [1], pp. 169– 171. We present slightly modified its version to reach the main subject faster by omitting the details unnecessary for us. 1 Definition of Hausdorff measure Let X be an arbitrary metric space. Denote by |xy| the distance between x, y ∈ X . Let A be any nonempty subset of X . Then the diameter of A is the value diamA = sup {


Flower basics: design principles vases and equipment. Colour themes: yellows oranges greens whites blues and purples pinks reds vibrant combinations naturals. Flower care and conditioning.


The purpose of the study is to review the direct and indirect effect of governance and innovation on International Trade and the mediating effect of innovation on the indirect relation between governance and international trade. Simple and multiple regression analysis was used on data from 119 countries to test the simple mediation model in this study. A significant direct relationship is evident between country's governance and innovation as well as between its innovation and trade. But governance indirectly influences international trade as the relation between them is partially mediated by innovation. In this complementary partial mediation, the 65% of positive effect of governance on international trade is through innovation. Consequently, governments should focus on its governance to facilitate innovation in their countries in order to better perform in trade globally. The role of innovation will be high-lightened in paper in shaping the relationship between governance and international trade. Moreover, the nature of influence of governance on international trade was identified in the paper.


The design and construction of the rail transit simulator for the dynamic testing of automobiles, trucks and components is described. The test facility features seven servo-controlled hydraulic actuators, along with associated electronics to simulate vehicle environmental conditions during rail shipment. This ability to simulate the shipping environment in the laboratory has effectively reduced the cost and the time required to evaluate designs.


Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 in rat during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and study the neuroprotective mechanism of EA.Methods This experiment was carried in neurosurgery lab, Nanfang Hospital affiliated to Nanfang Medical University.Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into nine groups: sham-operation group, ischemia-reperfusion for 3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h, ischemia-reperfusion for 3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h plus EA after ischemia. The Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) was occluded by a monofilament to prepare focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model. Ischemia groups were undergone ischemia for 1hour, and then reperfusion for 3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h. EA was applied at zusanli and neiguan of rats in ischemia plus EA groups. Nervous symptom score and serum concentration of IL-8 were measured after operation.Results Serum concentration of IL-8 began to increase after ischemia-reperfusion for 3 h and reached the peak after 6 h. Compared with sham-operation group, there was significant difference between ischemia-reperfusion for 3 h,6 h,12 h and sham-operation group (P0.05). There was significant difference between ischemia-reperfusion for 3 h,6 h,12 h plus EA groups and the same time of ischemia-reperfusion groups (P0.05). Serum concentration of IL-10 began to decrease after ischemia-reperfusion for 3 h and increased after ischemia-reperfusion for 12 h and reached the peak 24 h after. Compared with sham-operation group, there was significant difference between ischemia-reperfusion for 3 h,6 h,12 h and sham-operation group (P0.05). There was significant difference between ischemia-reperfusion for 3 h,6 h,12h plus EA groups and the same time of ischemia-reperfusion groups (P0.05). Compared with ischemia-reperfusion groups, neurological scores in rats of ischemia-reperfusion plus EA groups was apparently decreased (P0.05).Conclusion EA may decrease IL-8 and increase IL-10 serum level in rats during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and this is probably one of the mechanisms that EA protects the brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury.


At a time when Israelis and Palestinians are gathering in Washington to consider peace in the Middle East, most attention is focused on the idea of a one-state or, more likely, two-state solution. A number of scholars, however, have recently developed a third approach which has been appropriately referred to as a 'two-state condominialism'. This approach seeks to overcome the liabilities of the two existing approaches to solving the Middle East conflict while offering a number of its own advantages. Surprisingly, in spite of the similarities among their proposals, none of the authors make reference to, or even acknowledge each other. This article reviews these papers as a collective and considers whether they offer a realistic opportunity for peace in the Middle East.


Synaptic communication is at the core of neural circuit function, and its plasticity allows the nervous system to adapt to the changes in its environment. Understanding the mechanisms of this synaptic (re)organization will benefit from novel methodologies that enable simultaneous study of synaptic ultrastructure, biology, and physiology in identified circuits. Here, we describe one of these methodologies, i.e., scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), for electrical mapping of the membrane anatomy in tens of nanometers resolution in living neurons. When combined with traditional patch‐clamp and fluorescence microscopy techniques, and the newly emerging nanointerference methodologies, SICM has the potential to mechanistically bridge the synaptic structure and function longitudinally throughout the life of a synapse. Synapse, 69:233–241, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Models of career development have been discussed as a matter of growth over the life span and in relation to social learning. An integrated approach using specified career development theories to assist young adults with disabilities will allow professionals to better understand the school-to-work transition and implement meaningful interventions.


Six species of wood were studied by combined thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/ DTA) so as to evaluate their combustion properties in terms of the amount of energy released, the initial temperature of ignition, and the cleanness of burning. Pinus monticola, Acer saccharum, Quercus rubra, Diospyrus spp., Tabebuia spp. and Guaiacum spp. were chosen to provide a wide range of hardness values and densities. Quercus rubra burned to the hottest temperature of the samples, and also left the least amount of ash behind. For Guaiacum spp. its burning temperature is in the middle of the peak temperatures for other woods - while its final amount of ash is considerably larger than in the other samples. There is no connection between the wood density and the parameters characterizing the burning process.


The purpose of this study is to discuss the theoretical foundation for the transaction of rights and duties on farmland occupation and reclamation,and value the compensations.The methods used include value dissection,modeling,and quantitative evaluation.Based on theoretical frame,we calculate that the compensation value of Jiangsu province is up to 830901 yuan per hectare each year.Through test,we believe that the result corresponds to the current objective reality.The paper concludes that a theoretical framework has been developed,and the compensation relation between different actors has been well discussed.Therefore,the paper lays a foundation for the theoretical construction in future research.The research further calculated the compensation value.In order to strengthen the operability and practicability,the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures,such as planning formulation, operation platform,compensation coefficient,and public participation.


ABSTRACT:Since the arrival of "Currer, Acton and Ellis Bell" on the literary scene in 1847, the intense desire to unmask them—even after they were revealed as Charlotte, Anne, and Emily Brontë—has led to much guesswork and fictionalizing about their lives and their works. This investigation will consider how the re-visioning of Emily Brontë's personal history in recent neo-Victorian biofictions of her character(s) allows for a reconsideration of the intensity of her literary life and of her personal life as an unconventional young woman.


The author suggests a unified military approach to the development of AI (artificial intelligence) systems and the resolution of AI-related issues by using one or more information-sharing techniques. Coordination within the military can result in several advantages, such as reducing duplication of effort, making research results easily available to help further other research efforts, providing a forum for discussion and resolution of issues, reducing duplication of costly mistakes, sharing resolutions of AI system security breaches, and providing a framework for a more formal standardization entity when one is needed. To realize these advantages, several techniques including relying on private industry resources, forming panels for discussion, publishing a newsletter devoted to AI systems and issues, establishing an online database of AI systems information, and creating a multicommand committee are proposed. Criteria are developed with which to evaluate and compare the techniques.<<ETX>>


The motion of spacecraft following the earth's orbit occurs within the solar latitude range of 7 deg 15 min N on approximately September 7 to 7 deg 15 min S on approximately March 6. The latitude dependencies so far detected within this range have shown that the photospheric dipole-like field of the sun makes very important contributions to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) observed near the ecliptic. Changes in geomagnetic activity from even to odd numbered 11-year solar cycles are related to changes in the sun's dipolar field. The north-south IMF component and meridional, nonradial flow are important to a complete understanding of steady-state solar wind dynamics. Coronal conditions must be latitude-dependent in a way that accounts for the observed latitude dependence of the velocity and density of the solar wind.


Both the thickness and absorption coefficient of the epidermis influence the light transmission through skin. Different skin phototypes were modeled and show a more than 50% reduction in fluence rate for the darker skin phototypes at a depth of 200 μm into the skin.


The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation is a unique institution within the context of the intra-paradigm debate between neorealism and neoliberalism. It facilitates state cooperation, and has done so for a sustained period of time. Its purpose is intrinsically tied to security, yet has diversified to incorporate other policy issues. During the Cold War it was a demonstrable example of neorealism in practice, yet its continued persistence casts doubt on the validity of neorealist assumptions.


Rational design of effective non‐precious metal for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgently demanded for flexible metal‐air batteries. Engineering heterointerfaces between metal compounds is an attractive strategy for fabricating high‐performance bifunctional electrocatalysts. Herein, a facile spontaneous sulfurization strategy is developed to fabricate the self‐supporting electrode consisting of homogeneous Co3S4 and ZnS on MoS2 with abundant sulfur vacancies, as well as the unique heterointerfaces and conductive carbon skeleton. Owing to the hierarchical structure and more exposed active sites, the optimal Co(Zn0.5)@MoS2/CC electrode exhibits excellent bifunctional catalytic activity with the smaller ΔE value (Ej=10,OER−E1/2,ORR) and durability. Furthermore, Co(Zn0.5)@MoS2/CC based all‐solid‐state zinc‐air and aluminum‐air batteries also deliver high open‐circle voltage, desirable power density and flexibility. This approach offers a novel method to obtain the self‐supporting electrodes with porous structure and highly active metal sulfides.


East Asia is currently the biggest market for luxury and prestige brands from the West. This article examines the cultural factors that lie behind this phenomenon and, based on distinctions between Southeast Asian and Western cultures, explores how the practice of luxury consumption differs in these cultures. As part of this examination, self-concept theory is reviewed and integrated in a cross-cultural consumption model. Conceptual linkages between existing theories of materialism and conspicuous consumption are noted. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Canadian cities and regions are highly dependent upon immigration for their population growth. Immigrants make up 48 percent of the population in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) and 40 percent in the Vancouver CMA (StatsCan 2008). As planning for growth in Canadian cities becomes more about planning for immigration, case studies examining immigrants' choices and patterns inform municipal and regional planning initiatives such as affordable housing strategies, immigrant settlement programs, and strategic transportation plans. Immigrants may be part of a changing demographic in Canadian cities: one that increasingly chooses public transit and rental housing in the context of polarized immigration policy and precarious labour markets. This paper presents a case study of Filipino immigrants in the Toronto CMA, the fastest-growing immigrant group in Canada. The Filipino population has high transit ridership, high rental tenure, low spatial segregation, unique labour market characteristics and immigration patterns. The study examined how Filipinos made housing and transportation choices, and how the choices of incoming immigrants have changed since the 1960s. The Filipino case characterizes immigrants' integration and resiliency in postindustrial cities with high immigration rates, competitive housing and labour markets, and may be used in analytical generalization to similar cities (Yin 1994, Flyvberg 2001, Flyvberg 2011).


High-temperature (t = 800 ° С ) ion nitriding of T15K6 indexable carbide inserts was carried out with regard to the structure formation, phase composition, surface coating thickness ensuring an increase in their durability during the cutting test. It was found that hardness and microhardness values increase to 15 % after ion nitriding, however, with a temperature increase of more than 600 °C they gradually decrease to their initial values. Flexural strength after ion nitriding increases by 27 %. The fractography of fractures in the T15K6 carbide surface layers after ion nitriding for 1 and 2 hours at different temperatures showed a very branched fracture structure on edges with a fragile pattern inside the material. The analysis of T15K6 carbide surface layer microstructures after ion nitriding showed that as the ion nitriding temperature increases, the size of conglomerate carbides in the surface layer decreases. The depth of the T15K6 nitrided layer is 1 to 7 pm. Certain regularities of the effect of various ion nitriding time and temperature conditions on the performance characteristics of products made of TK group titanium-tungsten alloys are determined. At 600, 700, 800 °C ion nitriding temperatures and 1 to 8 hours isothermal exposure time, the increase in hardness, microhardness and tensile strength with lower wear was found when cutting T15K6 indexable carbide inserts. It is determined that as the ion nitriding time increases, intergranular destruction areas expand, while the intragranular areas shrink. In case of ion nitriding, a solid solution (Ti x W x )(C 1_y N y ) and (Co 1_x W x )(C 1_y N y ) supersaturated with tungsten is formed and three and four component compounds are released in the surface layer.


New data about the distribution of Baetic macroendemism Castrilanthemum debeauxii (Degen, Hervier & E. Rev.) Vogt & Oberprieler We present new data on the distribution area of rare macroendemism Castrilanthemum debeauxii, confirming its presence in the provinces of Jaen and Granada and contributing as a new presence in the province of Albacete.


Background. The aim was to examine the diagnostic value of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid levels of procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by bacteria. Methods. The study included 31 surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients with VAP and 52 ICU patients without VAP. The concentrations of PCT, IL-6 and TREM-1 were determined in serum and BAL fluid from patients with VAP and in serum of no VAP patients. PCT was determined with an immunofluorescence assay (KRYPTOR, BRAHMS, Germany). IL-6 was measured with a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (IMMULITE1000, Siemens, Germany). TREM-1 was determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (RD 343 vs 85 pg/mL, P=0.0006 (IL-6) ; 75.6 vs 39.5 pg/mL, P=0.0010 (TREM-1). In BAL fluid samples from patients with VAP, PCT concentrations were extremely low (0.020 ng/mL, 95%CI 0.02-0.04), IL- 6 concentrations were significantly lower than in serum (92.8 pg/mL, 95%CI 56-355, P=0.008), while TREM-1 concentrations were significantly higher than in serum (408 pg/mL, 95%CI 290-544, P<0.0001). Conclusions. Serum concentrations of PCT, IL-6 and TREM-1 have been significantly increased in patients with VAP caused by bacteria. However, in BAL fluid only TREM-1 receptor has been shown as useful in the diagnosis of VAP, suggesting bronchoalveolar TREM-1 level to be a potential marker of bacterial pulmonary infection.


A large part of the life of Magakov G.Yu. was dedicated to the Faculty of History of the Rostov State University, now called the Institute of History and International Relations, SFedU. His course of life was connected with the study and teaching history, as he has identified in his childhood, when, being a schoolboy, participated in archaeological expeditions. The history of medieval Scotland was his real love, loyalty to which he carried through all the years of his life. Being one of the leading teachers of the Faculty of History, he passed his knowledge and inculcated in students a taste for study of the historical past. Owing to his research and teaching activities the name of Magakov is inscribed in the annals of the Faculty history. Also his heritage is the British Club of the Institute of History and International Relations, now uniting students and teachers who are interested in a scientific study of the Britain's past, as well as the modern traditions and customs of this country.


The nests of Sceliphron caementarium were studied to ascertained the rate of emergence and mortality cause of S. caementarium before emergence. Ten (10) nests of S. caementarium were taken from the various Faculties of Ahmadu Bello University main campus, located in Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria and analyzed. The greatest width of the head (GWH) was employed to estimate the size and sex ratio of emerged adult wasps. The nests of S. caementarium collected and examined from the study consists of 1-23 vertically arranged cylindrical allantoid-shaped cells. The average length and width of the male and female wasp cells was (l = 24.8mm, w = 7.0mm) and (l = 25.5mm, w = 7.8mm) respectively. The mean fecundity of the female S. caementarium from the study was calculated at 15.1 eggs per female. The sex ratio of the emerged adult S. caementarium obtained from the nests was 1 male : 1.28 female. With respect to size, the females black-and-yellow mud dauber wasp were observed to be significantly bigger than the males (p < 0.05). The highest rate of Mortality observed in the nest of S. caementarium in the study area was due to an endogenous factor 64.15% (which may be a developmental failure, pathogenic or fungal infection) followed by parasitoids accounting for about 24.52% deaths in the cells and accidental cell damage (11.32%)  was the least cause of mortality in the cells.


Abstract : The Carrier Based Air Logistics Study (CABAL) was conducted to examine alternative logistics support policies for avionics equipment with respect to their potential to improve aircraft availability and performance in wartime. The study considers the entire logistics support system and the interaction of its various functions and resources, through a detailed examination of expected avionics suite availability under alternative logistics structures and policies. It deals with six aircraft types included in most carrier deckloads--the F14A, S-3A, E-2C, and three A-6 variants. Most of the substantive results presented are based on analysis of avionics suite support for three first three type, model, series of aircraft listed above. (Author)


The invention relates to the field of accessory equipment for performing after-treatment or post-processing for casting billets in fields, and specifically relates to a hydraulic fault protection based hydraulic device for downwards pressing a sector section and an application method thereof. The device comprises an oil tank (11) and a downward pressing oil cylinder (12). The device is characterized by further comprising an accident energy storage set (1), pressure relays (2), first throttling holes (3), proportional pressure reducing valves (4), first electromagnetic directional valves (5), second electromagnetic directional valves (6), third electromagnetic directional valves (7), second throttling holes (8) and hydraulic locks (9). The device has the characteristic of performing protection during normal operation and fault occurring. According to the device, fault points can be accurately positioned, and the automation degree and the intelligence degree are high, so that the protection efficiency can be improved, and the safety and reliability can be ensured.


Microwave solid-state voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) are the keystone components in various microwave systems. Thus far, achievements in practical realisation of such circuits rely on measured data or approximate equivalent circuit models of the solid-state devices. In this contribution, a new overall computer aided optimum design program for transferred electron VCOs is presented. The established program is based on the optimisation of the coupling between the transferred-electron device (TED) and the tuning device for wide tuning bandwidth. Practical realisation has been carried out at J-band and comparison between simulation and experimental results shows excellent agreement.


This study proposes a versatile model for the dynamics of the best bid and ask prices using an extended Hawkes process. The model incorporates the zero intensities of the spreadnarrowing processes at the minimum bid-ask spread, spread-dependent intensities, possible negative excitement, and nonnegative intensities. We apply the model to high-frequency best bid and ask price data from US stock markets. The empirical findings demonstrate a spread-narrowing tendency, excitations of the intensities caused by previous events, the impact of flash crashes, characteristic trends in fast trading over time, and the different features of market participants in the various exchanges.


The current literature lacks data on the incidence of intraoperative awakening during xenon anesthesia. This could be due to amnesia preventing memories of the intraoperative awakening.The objective: to determine the concentration of xenon in the xenon-oxygen mixture, which causes amnesia for events during inhalation in 100% of patients, and to make correlations with the depth of hypnosis as per Kugler scale.Subjects and Methods: 34 patients with chronic neurogenic pain who received 111 20-minute inhalations with concentration of xenon up to 50% were included in the study. Amnesia evaluation, EEG monitoring, and pain assessment on a visual analog scale (VAS) were performed.Results. Amnesic effect developed in 100% of patients at xenon concentration of 45%. On inhalation of xenon at concentrations of up to 50%, EEG changes did not exceed D1 grade on Kugler scale. The decrease in bispectral index (BIS) did not reach the level of deep sedation (Me 96.2%) at xenon concentration of 50%. The decrease in pain on VAS was approximately 60%.Conclusions. Xenon inhalations cause transient congradic amnesia at concentrations of 45% or more. The accuracy of the BIS monitoring readings may be reduced when using xenon in a monovariant. Inhalations of xenon-oxygen mixture in concentrations up to 50% showed good analgesic properties in the framework of combined therapy of chronic pain syndrome.


Questions associated with the magnetic susceptibility of the d-band transition metals that are not magnetically ordered, i.e., that are neither ferromagnets nor antiferromagnets, are reviewed. The principal components of the magnetic susceptibility of the transition metals are discussed, theoretical estimates of these components and of the total paramagnetic susceptibility are presented for individual metals, the experimental results on the susceptibility of the transition metals and on the temperature dependence are collected, and methods used to resolve the susceptibility into its individual components are described. The results of studies of the susceptibility of single crystals with the hep structure are analyzed. The experimental results are compared with theoretical estimates.


We specialize to two simple cases the algorithm for singularity detection in images from eigenvalues of the dual local autocovariance matrix. The eigenvalue difference, or "edginess" at a point, then reduces to a simple nonlinear function. We discuss the derivation of these functions, which provide low-complexity nonlinear edge filters with parameters for customization, and obtain formulas in the two simplest special cases. We also provide an implementation and exhibit its output on six sample images.


Asthma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is a hallmark of asthma, which increases with disease severity and is associated with decline in lung function. Fibrocytes (FCs) are elevated in the peripheral blood and ASM in asthma and ASM has the potential to mediate FC recruitment (Saunders et al , J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2009;123:376-84). We hypothesised that once recruited to the ASM FCs differentiate into a more ASM like phenotype under the influence of local factors. FCs were isolated from peripheral blood, ASM from bronchial biopsies and lung resection material. FCs were labelled with CFSE prior to culture with ASM cells for 7d, allowing identification by gating following flow cytometry. 24h after isolation from the peripheral blood cells are predominantly CD14 high /α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) low . Subsequent monoculture yields CD14 low /αSMA high cells, consistent with differentiation to fibrocytes. Coculture with ASM from both non-asthmatic (NA) and asthmatic (A) donors yields CD14 high FCs, whereas ASM from NA donors yields αSMA low FCs and ASM from A donors yields αSMA high FCs (Table 1). Our results show that FCs have the capability to undergo phenotypic plasticity, depending on culture conditions. Further work is required to understand the factors affecting FC differentiation upon localisation to the ASM in asthma and the resultant contribution of FCs to ASM dysfunction.


Since the birth of Li ion technology it has been recognized that interphase on graphitic anode plays the critical role in supporting the reversible intercalation/deintercalation chemistry of Li. 1, 2 The chemical composition and morphology of these interphases dictate not only the reversibility (cycle or calendar life), but also the kinetics of the cell chemistry (power density). However, due to the elusive manner in which these interphases are formed, they remain the least understood components despite extensive research efforts. Following the efforts by Winter and Besenhard, it was increasingly accepted that the formation of such interphases is preceded by the co-intercalation of electrolyte solvents into the interstitial of graphene structure, leading to the intermediate ternary graphitic intercalation compound (GIC). 3 More recent work by Kyoto University and ARL further identified the role of Li+-solvation sheath in the formation of ternary GIC. 4, 5 However, there is still controversy regarding the possible preference of Li+ in coordinating solvent molecules of different dielectric constants that are typically used in commercial Li ion batteries. 6, 7


Abstract The material had been collected from the waters around the Biological Station at Herdla, Norway, in the years 1938–1940. It mainly comprises specimens of the shrimp Pandalina profunda parasitized by the rhizocephalan Sylon hippolytes and a probably new cryptoniscid of the genus Danalia.


rather than posterior (Figure 4). One could also mistake the catheter in Figure 3 as being subdural rather than epidural, but it is the same catheter as seen in Figures 1 and 2, clearly in the epidural space. D O N A L D S C H W A R T Z A N D R E W K I N G Department of Anesthesiology Baystate Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, MA, USA (email: email@example.com)


We determined the changes in the mutagenic and estrogenic activities of 17β-estradiol after a nitrite treatment. Nitrite-treated 17β-estradiol showed mutagenic activities toward Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 100 and TA 98. We confirmed that nitrite-treated 17β-estradiol generated radicals from the results of an analysis of electron spin resonance. By applying an instrumental analysis, we identified 2-nitro-17β-estradiol to have been formed in the reaction mixture. 2-Nitro-17β-estradiol did not exhibit mutagenic activities toward Salmonella typhimurium strains, suggesting that other mutagens might have been formed in the reaction mixture. The clastogenic properties of nitrite-treated 17β-estradiol and 2-nitro-17β-estradiol were analyzed by a micronucleus test with male ICR mice. Nitrite-treated 17β-estradiol and 2-nitro-17β-estradiol induced a significantly higher frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes in mice. The estrogenic activity of 2-nitro-17β-estradiol was found to be lower than that of 17β-estradiol. These data suggest that a daily oral intake of 17β-estradiol and nitrite might induce the formation of mutagenic compounds in our body.


We prove that the Hecke algebra X(W, Wj) , where W is a Weyl group of spherical type and Wj is a standard parabolic subgroup of W of corank > 2, is noncommutative.


A digital wave tank (DWT) simulation technique has been developed by authors to investigate the interactions of fully nonlinear waves with 3D marine structures. A finite-difference/volume method and a modified marker-and-cell (MAC) algorithm have been used, which are based on the Navier-Stokes (NS) and continuity equations. The fully nonlinear kinematic free-surface condition is implemented by the marker-density function (MDF) technique or the Level-Set (LS) technique developed for one or two fluid layers.

In this paper, some applications for various engineering problems with free-surface are introduced and discussed. It includes numerical simulation of marine environments by simulation equipments, fully nonlinear wave motions around offshore structures, nonlinear ship waves, ship motions in waves and marine flow simulation with free-surface.

From the presented simulations, it seems that the developed DWT simulation technique can handle various engineering problems with free-surface and reliably predict hydrodynamic features due to the fully-nonlinear wave motions interacting with such marine structures.


The first person plural pronoun cannot be considered as an expression of pluralization of the first. Its semantic boundaries are defined in context, and this inherent vagueness an be pragmatically exploited for communicative purposes. Beyond the frequently investigated opposition between (addressee-) inclusive vs exclusive forms, this paper explores non-prototypical uses of the first person plural pronoun, focusing on the conflicts that arise when it is used in contexts that semantically exclude the speaker. Speaker-exclusive forms can occur in different situations, ranging from interpersonal exchanges to public discourse. The paper investigates their different semantic implications, highlighting their common traits as well as their crucial peculiarities. Both the review of the literature and the analysis of actual examples bring forth the different values and functions of various speaker-exclusive occurrences of the first person plural. A more systematic categorization of the forms can be obtained adopting a metaphorical interpretation, which on the one hand emphasises their common denominator (i.e. speaker-exclusiveness) and, on the other, sheds light on their varying communicative potential.


Within the framework of the high intensity proton accelerators projects EURISOL and XADS, we have started the study of a cryomodule with spoke cavities and ancillary equipments : power coupler, focusing elements (superconducting quadrupoles), cold tuning system … The purpose is the fabrication of a whole spoke cryomodule to be tested under proton beam. This paper describes the studies done on β=0.15 spoke cavities and gives the first layout of the cryomodule


The intratumor heterogeneity in uptake of iron oxide particles (NC100150) in human melanoma xenografts was studied by MRI and the uptake was related to the blood volume fraction, BV, and the permeability surface area product, PS, in an attempt to identify transport barriers limiting the delivery of large macromolecular therapeutic agents to tumors. Dynamic MRI was performed by using spoiled gradient recalled sequences and the extravascular uptake of NC100150, BV, and PS were calculated for each tumor voxel by using a two‐compartment tissue model. The uptake of NC100150 and BV were low in the tumor center and increased gradually towards the tumor periphery, whereas there was no radial gradient in PS. Significant correlations were found between the voxel values of the parameters. Thus, PS was inversely correlated to BV, and this correlation was stronger in the center than in the periphery of the tumors. The uptake of NC100150 was positively correlated to PS and this correlation was strong in the tumor periphery, where the blood perfusion is high, and weak in the tumor center, where the blood perfusion is low. In contrast, the uptake of NC100150 was not correlated to BV in any tumor region. These observations suggest that the extravascular uptake of NC100150 was limited primarily by the microvascular permeability in the tumor periphery and primarily by the blood perfusion in the tumor center. Magn Reson Med 51:727–735, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Since the development of the entropy theory by Shannon in the late 1940s and of the principle of maximum entropy (POME) by Jaynes in the late 1950s there has been a proliferation of applications of entropy in a wide spectrum of areas, including hydrological and environmental sciences. The real impetus to entropy-based hydrological modelling was provided by Amorocho and Espildora in 1972. A great variety of entropy applications in hydrology and water resources have since been reported, and new applications continue to unfold. This paper reviews the recent contributions on entropy applications in hydrology and water resources, discusses the usefulness and versatility of the entropy concept, and reflects on the strengths and limitations of this concept. The paper concludes with comments on its implications in developing countries. #1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Spin noise (SN) spectroscopy measurements on delicate semiconductor spin systems, like single InGaAs quantum dots, are currently not limited by optical shot noise but rather by the electronic noise of the detection system. Here, we report a realization of homodyne SN spectroscopy enabling shot noise limited SN measurements. The proof-of-principle measurements on impurities in an isotopically enriched rubidium atom vapor show that homodyne SN spectroscopy can be utilized even in the low frequency spectrum which facilitates advanced semiconductor spin research like higher order SN measurements on spin qubits.


As an interstage of the 7tonf LOx/Kerosene liquid rocket engine development for KSLV-II 3 rd Stage Engine, powerpack test of 7 tonf engine are performed. The results of powerpack test using 7-tonf engine system except combustion chamber are presented. For the development of startup sequence of LOx-Kerosene engine system, chilldown procedure, startup using pyrostarter, ignition of gas generator, and nominal operation is successfully performed. The results of 7tonf powerpack test were used for the determination of startup and ignition sequence of 7tonf engine system for KSLV-II 3 rd Stage.


An on-line aerosol monitor (OLAM2) has been developed and tested for PHEBUS test FPT1. OLAM2 utilizes new detachable fiber optic cables and sapphire light pipes for light transmission between the OLAM and the electronics. This light transmission system was tested and found to provide better signal-to-noise performance than was achieved with the continuous fibers used for test FPT0. An additional advantage of the detachable fiber/light pipe system is ease of installation. Aerosol testing (OLAM calibration) was performed in order to verify adequate signal-to-noise performance of the new fiber optic system over the specified operating conditions and to check the quantitative light attenuation measurements against theoretical predictions. Results of the testing indicated that light extinction measurements obtained during Phebus tests could be used to estimate aerosol volume concentrations, if diamond window fouling can be avoided. OLAM2 was also subjected to a proof pressure test and a long-term thermal stability test. These tests verified the mechanical and thermal integrity of the OLAM within design specifications. Long-term output signal stability was also verified with the system maintained at design temperature and half-design pressure.


A team of HIV researchers has created a test that could allow clinicians and scientists to better track efforts to cure the disease. Most HIV drugs attack the active virus but, after infection, HIV can also make a DNA copy of its RNA genome and insert that DNA into its host's genome, lurking as something called a provirus. A subsequent immunological trigger can prompt these proviruses to become active and attack immune cells. These lurking proviruses are a key barrier to curing the disease. But current tests that measure the number of proviruses in someone who is HIV positive can't distinguish between highly mutated proviruses that would be harmless and ones that are more pristine and therefore potentially more harmful should they be woken up, says Robert Siliciano of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He and his team now report a test that can make this important distinction


| INTRODUCTION: after cardiac surgery, early mobilization seeks functional gain and better conditioning for the next phases of cardiac rehabilitation, with gravitational stress (GS) playing an important role in the return of these activities through the integrity of cardiovascular compensatory mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: to verify the behavior of circulatory and respiratory variables during (GS) in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: experimental cross-sectional analytical study, consisted of 83 clinically stable adults undergoing coronary artery bypass or valve surgery approach. Excluded those with difficulty understanding the activities performed, in addition to motor and / or neurological impairment that made it impossible to perform GS, an adapted form. Circulatory and respiratory data were collected in the 1st minute for each stage using the multi-parameter monitor Gemedical Systems@. RESULTS: the heart and respiratory rates showed an increase was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01) when analyzed their dorsal range of values for sedestation and supine to standing position. CONCLUSION: hemodynamic and respiratory variables behave in accordance with the physiological response during GS, suggesting that this procedure is safe within the intensive care setting, even if a treating postoperative high complexity.


The article provides information on an experimental short adult education course in History and Politics through sound and film. The course highlighted the delicate inter-relationships between political organizations, their leaders, the media and the people.


Farooq Tariq : The Labour Party of Pakistan has been part of the advocate movement in Pakistan, which started last year. This movement started to support the chief of justice who was asked by…


Okadaic acid, aspecific inhibitor ofprotein phosphatases 1and2A,wasusedtostudy themechanism of action oftransforming growth factor (3(TGF-fi) oncell cycle progression inC3H/10T1/2 mouseembryonic fibroblasts, where TGF-Pexerts agrowth-stimulatory effect. Concentrations of okadaic acid aslowas5nMinhibited TGF-g8 (5ng/ml)- or10% serum-induced (3H)thymidine incorporation into postconfluent, quiescent cells. Further, these inhibitory effects wereobserved whenokadaic acid wasaddedaslate as10hrafter TGF-for serumstimulation. Since C3H/10T2 fibroblasts undergo the G1/Stransition at10-14hrafter TGF-18 and8-12hrafter serumstimulation, these observations indicate that aphospha- taseactivity mayberequired forS-phase entry. Inaparallel experiment, okadaic acidpartially inhibited TGF-(3-induced (14C)leucine incorporation by20-65%, depending uponthe okadaic acidconcentration. Inconjunction withtheeffect of okadaic acidonDNA andprotein synthesis, Western blot analysis indicated that okadaic acid inhibited phosphorylation of theretinoblastoma geneproduct anddecreased its protein level, evenwhenadded10hrafter TGF-(3 or8hrafter serum stimulation. Thesermdings strongly suggest that protein phos- phatases playapivotal role forS-phase entry inmousefibro- blasts. Moreover, protein phosphatases mayberequired inthe intermediate steps ofTGF-,B orserumgrowth factor signal- bansduction pathways forthestimulation ofphosphorylation of theretinoblastoma protein, especially inlate Gi. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events playapivotal


Summary - The effect of Lactobacil/us plantarum ESI 144 as starter adjunct on the chemical, texturai and sensory characteristics of a semi-hard cows' milk cheese was investigated. Lactobacilli lowered cheese pH du ring early manufacture, reducing casein degradation and formation of soluble N. Higher apparent elastic modulus, breaking force and hardness values were recorded for cheeses with added lactobacilli, as a consequence of the less pronounced proteolysis. In cheese made from milk to which Bacil/us subtilis neutral proteinase was added to induce bitter flavour formation, the use of L plantarum as adjunct starter resulted in lower levels of hydrophobie peptides from day 1 and lower bitterness scores throughout ripening.


Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) is a technology that allows multiple instances of IP (Internet Protocol) routing table to co-exist within the same Router at the same time. The routing instances are independent, allowing the same or overlapping IP addresses to be used without conflict. Using VRF technology, users can virtualize a network device from a Layer 3 standpoint of creating different "Virtual Routers" in the same physical device. Internet Service Providers (ISP) often use VRF technology to create separate routing table in a single physical Router which are completely isolated one from the others. This chapter discusses about the configuration of VRF-Lite in GNS3 (Graphical Network Simulator-3) on RIP/v2, EIGRP and OSPF protocols. Hands-On Network Device Virtualization With VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding)


Information on transgenic livestock which had been successfully produced in the world since 1991 was collected from literature database of NCBI and CNKI websites.Based on these information and technology of ASP.NET,information database of transgenic livestock was constructed(http://www.gmanimal.com.cn/sjk/ index.asp).The database contained information on species,the names of the exogenous genes,transgenic methods,phenotypic characteristics,research institutions,countries or regions,literature link and so on.To date,there were 79 records in the database,which included 37 records of transgenic pig,16 records of transgenic cattle,12 records of transgenic sheep and 14 records of transgenic goat.This database was open and free for public,users could query and download relevant information,which achieved share on information of transgenic livestock.


Background: A patient's motivation for consulting a physician is paramount to the first steps of achieving an early diagnosis of hereditary angioedema (HAE). Understanding what triggers this motivation can help in the design of strategies to increase the number of visits to a specialist physician following early symptoms of HAE. The aim of the present study was to identify the reasons that led patients to seek the opinion of an HAE expert physician.


The oedometer tests of remoulded deep clay in East China subjected to consolidation stresses ranging from 0.2 to 15.0 MPa were carried out. Both the measured compression curves and the curves of logarithmic permeability versus void ratio consist of two linear segments, among which the bilinear shape of the compression curves is less noticeable. The consolidation stress and void ratio at the intersection of two lines are around 2 MPa and 0.565 ± 0.015, respectively, and the corresponding saturated water content is very close to the reported saturated adsorbed water content. Lastly, but most importantly, the calculated microscopic pore size corresponding to the intersection point agrees well with the transitional range of the distance between two clay surfaces within which water molecules transform from bulk-liquid-like water into confined water. This is confirmed by experimental results available in the literature.


In the spring of 2000, I sat down with 2 of my doctoral students to plan our "dream team" for this special issue on Neuromuscular Control and Dynamic Stability of the Knee. We wanted a provocative set of articles written by active, cutting edge researchers who represent an international view of the topic. The result is not 1 issue, but 2, and a whole that is better than the sum of its parts. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2001;31(10):545. doi:10.2519/jospt.2001.31.10.545


As a new kind of scientific development view,sustainable development has been entered into every field of social development.It is the severe situations of forest resource and forestry development that ask us to penetrate the concept of sustainable development into the system and policy of forestry development,construct a new set of policy and law system of sustainable development,and realize the protection of forest resources and the sustainable development of forestry.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of cultural values on accounting uniformity and consistency among Arabic nations.Design/methodology/approach – A combination of a survey and analysis of published data on accounting information. Cluster analysis is used to classify the countries on the basis of accounting consistency and uniformity.Findings – The study indicates that the Hofstede‐Gray hypothesis of accounting uniformity in Arab countries is supported by actual examination of accounting practice.Research limitations/implications – This is an initial study and the results need to be confirmed in future research. Nevertheless, the finding should be of interested to global investors, international accounting organizations (e.g. IFAC) and other academics who are researching accounting in the Middle East.Practical implications – The study indicates that in Arabic nations with a Muslim majority, cultural factors affect accounting development generally and accounting uniformity par...


The present study investigates the causes of industrial disputes in the wood-based manufacturing industries in Sarawak, and examines how conflict-avoiding strategies (CAS) employed by the management can reduce these conflicts.