The reason for the placement of the long Joseph narrative between the patriarchal cycle and the Exodus account is that Joseph and Moses are being contrasted as respectively those of an assimilator and a lawgiver, between one who begins as a Hebrew and becomes an Egyptian and one who begins as an Egyptian and becomes a Hebrew. Seeing Joseph as an anti-hero explains the presence of Genesis 38, which illustrates the right path to be taken to avoid mixing with other peoples. Tamar acts rightly, in faithfulness with the divine purpose, seeking to preserve the survival of the race through proper, not sinful, means. From this perspective, Potiphar's wife emerges as a contrast to Tamar.


Xarms's The Old Woman is considered as the best work of his entire ouvre. It was written on the eve of his impending arrest, when the author knows that his ending is near, which serves as the best time for a human being to search for God. On the surface, The Old Woman looks plotless, illogical, absurd, and even childish. But a close examination reveals the serious aspect of the work: problem of God, faith, and eternity, which is central theme of the work. For this theme, old woman is a driving power and leading figure. The Old woman who is the title of the story is a central character of the work and without her, the narrator's recovery of faith would have been lost. This paper examins the role and meaning of the old woman in the journey of the narrator's spiritual resurrection. The fist meeting with the old woman reminds the narrator of the higher godly world which can be an exit from this automatized deadly world. With the ability of reading clocks from the handless clock. the old woman hits the narrator of the eternity which is the sam as God's world where there is no time anymore. The second meeting reveals another miracle. As soon as the narrator, whose job is an author writes about a miracle worker, the old woman appears on his doorway, as if she answers to his call. Even after her death, her existence itself controls the narrator's action. When the narrator meets a lovely woman who represents earthly temptation, he sneaks away from her, because the old woman's dead body is lying on the floor of his apartment. It is worth noting that only main characters-lovely woman, old woman, narrator, do not have names. Their namelessness make abstractization and generalization possible: lovely woman- earthly temptation, old woman--guide to heavenly eternity, and narrator--human being between these two. The Old woman disappears when they went beyond the boundary of the city Leningrad (its old name Petersburg) and where there is a small forest. The confused narrator goes to the forest and says the prayer to God in front of a caterpillar, symbol of resurrection. He recovers the faith in God and is promised with eternity. My paper shows that the narrator's "abrupt" resurrection is not abrupt at all. The journey to God is guided, sometimes forced by the old woman, without whom the journey itself is impossible.


Abstract Geographers have developed and refined a set of strategies to organize time in their research. This study outlines the strengths and weaknesses of these temporal strategies and suggests diagrammatic interpretations and examples of each. Also offered are class activities through which secondary and college teachers can give their students a fuller understanding of the organization of time in geographic studies.


In order to investigate the protective performances of the armor plate and the ceramic plate,armor plates and ceramic plates with two kinds of thickness were put into the steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC) targets when the targets were molded.The tests of small size projectiles penetrated into SFRC composite targets were performed on the 57mm diameter light gas gun,and the impact velocity and penetration depth of projectiles were measured.The experimental results show that the thickness of armor plate has little influence on the penetration depth when the plate thickness is less than 5mm and the impact velocity exceeds 400m/s.The projectiles that penetrate into the ceramic plates mostly bend and rupture when the velocity of the projectile is higher than a certain value.Based on the experimental results,the function relation among the residual length,the dynamic yield strength and the perpendicularly impact velocity is deduced,and the experimental data are consistent well with the theory analysis.


The purpose of this study was to assess household's agricultural vulnerability to climate induced disasters and to identify the indicators of adaptive capacity that determine the vulnerability of south-western coastal household's in Bangladesh. The vulnerability was calculated by taking the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concept through an Agricultural Vulnerability Index (AVI). Then the ordered logit model was employed in order to identify key determinants of agricultural vulnerability to climate induced disasters. A survey of 346 household's head from the two settlements (181 household's head from Sutarkhali and 165 household's head from Nalian) of Sutarkhali Union of Dacope Upazila under Khulna District was used in this study. Findings revealed that the mean score of Sutarkhali was 0.703 (high) in exposure, 0.724 (high) in sensitivity, 0.341 (low) in adaptive capacity and finally, the agricultural vulnerability index (AVI) was 0.695 (high). On the same fashion, Nalian was an average score of 0.697 (high) in exposure, 0.721 (high) in sensitivity, 0.386 (low) in adaptive capacity, and finally 0.677 (high) in agricultural vulnerability index (AVI). Annual savings, formal education, ownership of livestock, improved seeds supply, access to irrigation pump, improved crop diversification/ High Yielding Variety (HYV) crops, access to large farm size and access to farm credit were found to be statistically significant indicators of adaptive capacity that determine agricultural vulnerability of the both study sites. Finally it is recommended that the intervention required for coastal adaptation of agriculture should be initiated by respective authorities.


Heteroatom doping could markedly enhance the properties of carbon materials. For the precursor with nitrogen (N) heteroatom, it is difficult to fix its own N heteroatom in target products to the maximum extent by traditional methods. In this work, we take corn cob core as instance to fabricate N‐doped hard carbon with high N content by a newly developed pyrolysis‐deposition‐self‐doping (PDSD) in confined graphite canister. Compared with the traditional method of pyrolysis by placing the sample in an open corundum crucible, the N doping amount of hard carbon obtained by PDSD method in a sealed graphite canister significantly increases from 0.93 to 5.63 at%. It demonstrates the crucial function of confined graphite canister in tuning the doped heteroatom's weight of carbon matrix. The influence of two kinds of pyrolysis methods on the microstructure of the materials was systematically analyzed by X‐ray diffractometer, Raman, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Furthermore, corresponding electrochemical tests are measured as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries and the results suggest that the product prepared by PDSD method exhibits better cycling and rate performance. This fully proves the advantages of PDSD method for improving the amount of heteroatom doping, and lays the experimental and theoretical foundation for the future research and development of heteroatom doped carbon materials.


The National Quality Forum endorses the recommendation of examining at least 12 lymph nodes (LNs) from colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens. However, heterogeneity in LN harvest exists. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic factors that influence LN yield.


Abstract: The main objective of this study was to describe the profile of students from the Ipiranga Hospital, studying the technical course named Project for Capacitating as Professionals the Nursing Area Workers, or PROFAE, linked to the Training Center of Human Resources (CEFOR) of the Health Secretariat of the State of Sao Paulo. Two questionnaires were applied, one at the beginning of the course, with 36 responses, and the other in the end, with 30 responses. Six students abandoned the course. Besides the personal and professional information, the subjects were asked about their expectations of professional changes (improvement of knowledge, in the quality of their work, of wage and satisfaction) measured in scales from 1 to 10. The analysis showed that students were in average 40 years old, and lived nearby. The majority had become nursing assistants in private schools, from 1994 to 1997. Their professional experience was attained in clinical wards, intensive care units and Emergency Rooms, and they were currently responsible for giving medicine, dressing wounds, and verifying vital signs and hygienic.The students reported positive changes for the quality of their work, their satisfaction and knowledge, in the beginning as well as at the end of the course; as for their wage, the initial positive expectation was inverted by the end of the course, when the students realized how little it would change. Most of the students had positive changes in their practice, as reported by the R.N. nurses of their workplace, but this did not imply in a promotion. In regard to the meaning of the course for themselves, most believed they had become professionally updated and that the course was of good quality. The results of this study may be important to subsidize the organizers of teachers' training, as well as course coordinators, about technical nurse's qualification.
Keywords: Technical Education in Nursing; Nursing Team.


In the present study, two bed-load transport models are introduced in an existing idealized dune model. These allow for the modeling of the spatial lag between the sediment transport rate and bed shear stress along dune surfaces. This lag is an important factor in determining transitions between bedform regimes. Results of the original dune model (using an equilibrium transport formula) are compared with (1) a new model version that directly models spatial lag with a relaxation equation and (2) a new model version including pick-up and deposition processes. Both bed-load models use mean particle step length as an important parameter, which is varied to assess which value is appropriate for the dune regime. Laboratory experiments are simulated with the model. This shows that the results are best with the pick-up and deposition model version, combined with a step length of 25 times the particle diameter. It is furthermore shown that in principle the model is also able to wash out fully grown dunes, by increasing the step length parameter - See more at: http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HY.1943-7900.0001254#sthash.to4wr5CU.dpuf


In 1959 Professor Bruce Harkness said, "Everyone ignores the bibliographical study of the novel."1 In 1960, however, the first critical edition of a Hawthorne novel appeared, followed in 1962 by the first volume of the Centenary Edition of Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, which its textual editor expects "the scholarly judgment of posterity" to see as "the first truly bibliographical and definitive critical editing of a printed American-literature text."2 Like some other editions prepared by teams of specialists and assistants who use computers, collating machines, and advanced bibliographical techniques, the Centenary Hawthorne has been praised and censured, but not thoroughly criticized.3 Whether the Centenary editors have succeeded in preparing definitive texts of Hawthorne's works has important implications for students of Hawthorne and editors of nineteenth-century authors. The Marble Faun, a "particularly difficult and complex" text,4 provides an exceptional opportunity for measuring the degree of their success because it is the longest of Hawthorne's romances; it exists in the author's holograph manuscript; and it was first printed in England, not America. The textual emendations in the Centenary Marble Faun outnumber those in the Centenary Scarlet Letter by twenty to one. The value of the text of the Centenary Marble Faun principally depends, of course, upon whether the editors have made or retained emendations only when they are necessary or they can be identified as the work of Hawthorne. The textual editor has said that the Centenary Marble Faun embodies "the most rapid developments in modern scholarship"5 and is one of a few "definitive editions," chiefly by virtue of its extensive collations.6 Whether it is a definitive edition, however, largely depends upon how the editors have used their collations, concordances, and other data in establishing Hawthorne's texts.


A boy of 16 years with a history of urinary incontinence since birth exhibited a dimple and semicircular growth ofhair in the lumbo-sacral region, bilateral paresis of the lower extremities, club feet, and loss of sensibility in the saddle area. Roentgen examination (A. Engeset) showed an extensive lumbo-sacral spina bifida up to the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra. Positive (water soluble) contrast myelography disclosed: uncommon appearances, with absence of the nerve roots constituting thc cauda equina, enlargement of the dural sac, and its intimate relation to the wall of thc vertebral canal on the left side (Fig. Ia). Positive (oily) contrast myelography (Fig. lb) confirmed close contact of the dural sac with the wall of the vertebral canal as wcll as the presence of root sleeves on the left side; no root sleeves were evident on the right side (Fig. lc). A meningocele was disclosed in the lateral view (Fig. ld). Urethrocystography showed trabeculation of thc bladder with narrowing of the neck. At operation the cord was found to be arrested and surrounded by fatty tissue in the sacral region. The fatty tissue was dissected away and it was seen that the caudal part of the cord gradually terminated in this tissue (Fig. 2a). The absence of the cauda equina was thus explained and the myelographic findings were confirmed. Sacral roots wcre evident on thc


E i g h t e e n t w o y e a r o l d s and twenty f o u r y e a r o l d s were s t u d i e d as t o t h e i r knowledge and use o f e l e v e n c o l o u r t e r m s : BLUE,GREEN,RED,YELLOW,BLACK,WHITE,GREY,BROWN,PURPLE, ORANGE, and PINK. L e v e l o f a c q u i s i t i o n was d e t e r m i n e d by a p r o d u c t i o n (naming) t a s k , a c o m p r e h e n s i o n ( s e l e c t i o n ) t a s k , and a d i s c r i m i n a t i o n (matching) t a s k . The o b j e c t i v e s were t o examine v a r i o u s p e r f o r m a n c e d i f f e r e n c e s i n l i g h t o f p o s s i b l e e v o l u t i o n a r y , p e r c e p t u a l and e n v i r o n m e n t a l f a c t o r s and a s p e c t s o f g e n e r a l l e x i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t . P e r f o r m a n c e a c c u r a c y was f o u n d t o have no c o r r e l a t i o n s w i t h t h e e v o l u t i o n a r y o r d e r p r o p o s e d by B e r l i n & Kay, n o r d i d i t r e v e a l t h e s t r o n g c o n c e p t u a l g r o u p s o f p r i m a r y , n o n p r i m a r y and a c h r o m a t i c c o l o u r s w h i c h have been p r o p o s e d by o t h e r s t u d i e s . I n p a r t i c u l a r , t h e n o n p r i m a r y c o l o u r s d i d n o t behave as a group i n any o f t h e a n a l y s e s . Measures o f i n p u t and p r a c t i c e o b t a i n e d from p a r e n t a l q u e s t i o n n a i r e s a l s o showed few c o r r e l a t i o n s o f e n v i r o n m e n t w i t h t a s k p e r f o r m a n c e . F o r v a r i o u s r e a s o n s , t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n was c o n s i d e r e d u n r e l i a b l e and no c l a i m s a b o u t e n v i r o n m e n t as a d e t e r m i n a n t i n naming b e h a v i o r c o u l d be made. P e r f o r m a n c e was n o t a b l y more a c c u r a t e i n f o u r y e a r o l d s t h a n i n t h e t w o y e a r o l d s . More terms had been a c q u i r e d by t h e o l d e r group t h a n by t h e younger, t h e a v e r a g e b e i n g e i g h t terms and two terms r e s p e c t i v e l y , and s i x o f t h e o l d e r group had a c q u i r e d a l l e l e v e n c o l o u r t e r m s . i i i . Comprehension was more advanced for both ages than, production, although more terms were produced than were comprehended. No sex differences were found at a l l . Further analyses concentrated on production performance. As expected, the number of colour terms used increased with age and the i r use became more stable with age. There was no one colour term that appeared in a l l of the subjects' lexicons, but the colour terms most l i k e l y to appear were the primaries and the non-primary ORANGE. BLUE showed a marked, though not s i g n i f i c a n t , preference at both ages and several possible reasons are suggested for t h i s . GREY, as expected, appeared least frequently, followed by the achromatics. Colour terms used most accurately were ORANGE and PINK. These appear to be the f i r s t colour categories to emerge with separate labels, followed by the primary colours and GREY again ranking lowest. There were no terms which had been acquired by a s i g n i f i c a n t l y large number of two-yearolds and none by a s i g n i f i c a n t l y small number of four-yearolds. Primary terms as a group were also those most l i k e l y to be used inco r r e c t l y . Those terms most l i k e l y to be overextended by the younger subjects were also those without a stable referent, while for the older ones i t was those terms which the subject already knew the correct use of. The actual errors did not seem to be based on any of the proposed perceptual properties of colour. It i s suggested that the c h i l d at these stages does not organize his l e x i c a l or conceptual colour categories i n terms of the adult d i s t i n c t i o n s of primary/non-primary/achromatic or of hue/saturation/brightness. Further in-depth examination might reveal a base of associative or contextual c r i t e r i a instead of the random, ad-hoc guesses they appear to be in this study. It i s further suggested that such organizational c r i t e r i a are very i n d i v i d u a l i s t i c and therefore w i l l not f i t the generalizations made by previous studies about colour-term acquisition. V . Table of


The present study was carried out in Kashmir (India) to assess the genetic variability for grain yield and component traits among 14 red rice ecotypes from temperate region (locally known as Zag for its coloured kernels) and correlation and path coefficients were also studied for fifteen agro-morphological characters. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for grain yield, secondary branches per panicle and panicle weight; moderate for grain number per panicle, grain length:breadth (L:B) ratio and panicle density. High heritability accompanied by high to moderate genetic advance for panicle density, days to 50% flowering, plant height, grain number indicated the predominance of additive gene action for the expression of these characters. Grain yield was found to be positively and significantly correlated with number of tiller per plant, panicle density m -2 and number of grain per panicle at both genotypic and phenotypic levels indicating the importance of these characters for yield improvement in this material. The results of genotypic path analysis revealed that panicle density had the highest positive direct effect followed by plant height and days to flower. The overall results indicated that selection favouring higher panicle density, test weight and panicle weight and medium plant height with a reasonable balance for moderate grain number would help to achieve higher grain yield in this population of red rice ecotypes.


a fruitful diaiogue betwcen the two sectors i n this field. To the reviewer this would appear to be among the most constructive ideas in the field. Happily, this is gaining ground as seen from the increasing numbers of participants of both sectors at seminars on niaterials nianagenicnt. What one needs but looks for in vain is a series of papers dealing analytically with the pricing and investment policics of the main public industries like steel, oil, fertilizers, insccticidcs, airways, public utilities and the like. 'Commerce' deserves kudos for pioneering the present venture; i t will deserve bouquets if the revicwcr's suggestion is adopted. The net 'illuminating effect' of this anthology is disappointing.


Wound care in the community setting is often far from simple. Chronic wounds are the product of a complex interplay of processes that must all be addressed if healing, or an improvement in quality of life, is to be achieved. This case study highlights some of the complex issues faced in the community, and reinforces the need for all health professionals to continuously update their knowledge and skills.


The Literature Indexing Metadata and Enhancement subgroup of the Librarian Reserve Corps was first formed to assist with the indexing of daily publication lists for distribution within the World Health Organization's Global Outbreak Alert & Response Network (GOARN). Here we reflect on the trends that emerged from this work from a year of cataloguing COVID-19 literature. Preprints are now a crucial part of academic research. It is evident that librarianship is evolving and should continue to evolve post COVID-19. Open Access literature has been beneficial for everyone, including librarians, researchers, the media, and the public. Global collaboration is beneficial to seeing new perspectives. It was also evident during this year that trends in literature took about 10 days to cross over to the media.


Infrared imaging system with high resolution and large depth of focus play an important role in optical remote sensors. In this paper we design a phase mask infrared imaging system with ZEMAX optical software. The phase mask reduces the sensitivity of the infrared imaging system to the change of defocus. The infrared imaging system combines optical coding and image restoration to provide improved imaging performance and large depth of focus.


Cartridge for dosing device comprising a multi-partition wall. The cartridge includes a body and axially shiftable piston, which engages the inner surface and the fluid-tight state of the body. The first septum covers a dispensing port that opens to the internal cavity of the body in the proximal position. The second septum covers the injection port opening to the inner hollow portion. It said first partition wall is arranged to engage the dosing conduit moving generally perpendicular to the axial direction for fluid communication between the inner hollow portion of the dosage operation of the device. It said second partition is arranged to engage the fill conduit for fluid communication between the inner hollow portion during filling of the cartridge.


Marine sediments which accumulate under suboxic or anoxic conditions contain certain elements, such as U, V, and Mo, at levels which greatly exceed average crustal abundances as a result of their concentration from seawater by scavenging, precipitation or redox reactionsl. Thus the chemical and isotopic compositions of well-preserved organic-rich mudrocks (ORM) can, in principle, reflect the composition of the seawater in which the sediments were deposited. At times during the Jurassic, much of Europe was covered by extensive areas of epicontinental sea with open-marine connections to the Tethyan ocean; the finely-laminated Jurassic ORM indicate that sub- or anoxic conditions pertained close to the sediment-water interface. On burial and heating, ORM mature to produce hydrocarbons into which some of the organophile elements of the ORM, notably Ni and V, may be partitioned. It is well established that Re and the platinum group elements (PGE) are also present at high concentration (compared with average crustal abundances) in ORM, while a recent preliminary study has shown that both Re and Os partition strongly into crude oil z. Thus maturation and loss of a hydrocarbon phase is likely to perturb the Re-Os system in ORM.


Edge-cloud computing, combining the benefits of both edge computing and cloud computing, is one of the most promising ways to address the resource insufficiency of smart devices. Task offloading is an important challenge must be addressed for edge-cloud computing in practice, which decides the place and the time for performing each task. Even though there is existing research focusing on the task offloading in edge-cloud computing, a lot of problems should be solved before the application of these offloading technologies. Thus, in this article, we first propose a taxonomy of task offloading in edge-cloud environments to investigate and classify related research articles, and then summarize several challenges which have not been addressed for future research directions on this area to promote the development of edge-cloud market.


In this paper, modified extended tanh method is used to construct more general exact solutions of a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. With the aid of Maple and Matlab software, we obtain exact explicit kink wave solutions, peakon wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and so on and their images.


Many State Grid projects of China are facing a series of natural disaster threats, such as landslide, collapse, mud-rock slide, etc. This article takes the Huangshi Daye Steel Substation as research object. Based on the orthogonal test which confirmed factors influencing the stability, it adopts the Numerical Simulation Method and the Roof Thickness-to-span Ratio Method to evaluate the stability of the Huangshi Daye Steel Substations karst foundation. By doing this, karst foundation stability maps of the substation are respectively obtained. Analyzing the stability results of the two methods, it has been found that the stability evaluation results measured by the two methods are the same. And orthogonal test has advantages such as comprehensiveness, speediness, reliability and accuracy. Meanwhile, according to the stability evaluation results, specific site operation suggestions are proposed.


Nine species of Odonata – Euphaea ochracea, Lestes nodalis, Gynacantha phaeomeria, Gynacantha demeter, Microgomphus chelifer, Amphithemis curvistyla, Orthetrum triangulare, Rhyothemis plutonia and Tetrathemis platyptera – are reported for the fi rst time for Cambodia, raising the number of named Odonata species recorded in this country to 135. All of the new records are based on photographs taken in nature apart from E. ochracea, which is supported by a voucher specimen. Also based on photographs, new distributional records for 93 Odonata species are provided for a number of localities in the Cardamom Mountains: the environs of Tatai Village in Koh Kong Province, and the environs of Ou Saom and Pramoui villages, including parts of Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, in Pursat Province. Ectoparasitic midges in the genus Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) were recorded on one species in the family Coenagrionidae and 11 species in the family Libellulidae.


For all the attention focused on new laws and regulations designed to create competition in electric power markets, too few people seem to grasp how a market can work. That will change, however, now that Pennsylvania is the first large state to embrace market pricing. Pennsylvania`s lawmakers and three of its five utility commissioners have developed a market to deliver the benefits of competition to consumers. Rather than {open_quotes}guarantee{close_quotes} politically attractive rate reductions, the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, led by Commissioner John Hanger, has challenged market forces to deliver more savings than contemplated in any supposed guarantee. The PUC`s decision in the PECO Energy restructuring case provides a guidepost for utility commissions around the nation for dealing with electric restructuring. In the end, the PUC rejected both the Partial Settlement and the Enron plan. Commissioners John Hanger, David Rolka and Norma Mean Brownell found a way to unleash market forces that fairly balanced the goals of the incumbent utility and consumers.


This cross-sectional study examines geographic access to health care facilities across neighborhoods in the United States over a 15-year period and assesses whether racial/ethnic composition and socioeconomic status are associated with change in neighborhood-level presence of health care facilities over time.


In the field of computer vision, it is a very challenging task to use artificial intelligence deep learning method to realize the programming and creation of NFT artwork. With the continuous development and improvement of deep learning technology, this task has become a reality. The generative adversarial network model used in deep learning can generate new images based on the extraction and analysis of image data features and has become an important tool for NFT artwork image generation. In order to better realize the NFT artwork programming, this paper analyzes the working principle of the traditional adversarial generation method and then uses the StyleGAN model to edit the higher-level attributes of the image, which can effectively control the generated style and style of the NFT artwork image. Finally, in order to improve the quality of the generated images, this paper introduces a channel attention mechanism and a spatial attention mechanism to ensure that the generated images are more reasonable and realistic. Finally, through a large number of experiments, it is proved that the NFT artwork transmission programming algorithm based on artificial intelligence deep learning proposed in this paper can control the overall style of image generation according to the needs of the transmission, and the generated image features have good details and high visual quality.


Parvin Etesami is one of the Iranian female contemporary famous poets. Thanks to her poetical power and richness, her divan has been investigated several times and this article is one of these studies. In this fundamental documentary research, Parvin's verbal techniques and the secrets of influence of her speech have been researched. The results reveal that she has used different devices including identification, debate, allegory, religious expression and addressing directly to incite people against tyranny and invite them to awakening and protesting against tyrants. Thus she has succeeded in persuasion and satisfaction of the readers.


Given the central role of customers in services, it is striking that the predominant view of service supply chain management is primarily based on the perspective of the organization. In this conceptual study, we explore the conceptualization and management of service supply chains from a customer perspective, that is, how a customer manages, coordinates and integrates service provision to create value. We have taken a systems thinking lens, and in particular Checkland's characterization of systems (1981), to guide our analysis, worldview, boundaries, hierarchies and mechanisms of control. As a result of this perspective, we have identified eight features of service supply chains and suggested four research opportunities.


Here we will consider the town-planning of Nicopolis, that is the City of the Victory, founded by Augustus and capital of the Old Epirus. We will consider in particular the orientation of its main street, the decumanus. The varatio, that is the geometry based on right triangles used to determine the orientation of the town-planning, has a ratio of 1:3. No astronomical orientation seems to be evident for the town. It exists just a faint link to the beginning of the spring at Roman time, that is to the sunrise on 7 February.


Profitability as a measure of performance just doesn't cut it any more. On Wall Street these days, it's not good enough to know a company earned money. Instead, the focus is shifting to the quantifiable monetary value that is created for shareholders.


High Q-factor localized conical modes are discovered theoretically and demonstrated experimentally in an optical fiber. The theory of these modes provides a means for exceptionally accurate local characterization of the optical fiber nonuniformity.


This paper details the developing course of infusion fluid production in china, in respect to the product mix,production condition, delivery capacity of main products and packing. It was indicated that in the development of production ofinfusion fluid, there existed irrationality of production distribution and product mix, incomplete assortment, unstability of productquality and backward in packing materials. On these problems, we put forward 5 suggestions for development with hope that theymight be helpful to pharmaceutical research organizations, production enterprises and the departments concerned in China.


In this evaluation contrast-detail diagrams were used to measure the effects on observer performance of several image processing algorithms such as edge enhancement, smoothing and histogram equalization. The observer task was the detection of disk images in a uniform background. A new digital system, DigiRad System One, was used to digitize and postprocess images of a "Rose-Burger" contrast phantom. Results show that detectability of low contrast objects may increase for images taken with standard film/screen combinations. Anticipated changes on the System One may enhance its capabilities significantly.


Investigations have been made into the effect of selective total dissolution of the γ2 phase in dental amalgams on the tensile strength of the amalgams. The mean reduction in strength for four brands with a relatively low mercury content was 16.4%. The mercury content of the amalgams was positively correlated with the percentage reduction in strength. The results indicate that corrosive dissolution of the γ2 phase in margins of amalgam fillings with a relatively high content of mercury may reduce their durability significantly.


With an introduction of the safety misadventure and heavy casualties occurred in coal mines of China in recent years,this paper points out the importance and urgency to research and develop coal mine rescue robots.The paper further proceeds to give an analysis of the research status of coal mine rescue robots worldwide,advance some research proposals,and point out some problems need to be solved.


Megakaryocytes shed and release submicron size microparticles (MkMPs), the most abundant microparticle in circulation. We have previously reported that MkMPs target peripheral-blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to induce megakaryocytic differentiation and proliferation, and that small RNAs delivered to HSPCs via MkMPs play an important role in the development of this phenotype. Here, using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we identify the top seven most abundant microRNAs (miRs) in MkMPs as potential candidates in mediating the effect of MkMPs on HSPCs. Using miR mimics, we demonstrate that among the seven most abundant miRs, two, miR-486-5p and miR-22-3p, are able to drive the Mk differentiation of HSPCs in the absence of thrombopoietin (TPO). The effect of these two miRs is comparable to the TPO- or MkMP-induced megakaryocytic differentiation of HSPCs, thus suggesting that these two miRs are responsible for this MkMP-induced phenotype. To probe the signaling through which MkMPs might enable this phenotype, we used kinase inhibitors of potential signaling pathways engaged in megakaryocytic differentiation. Our data suggest that MkMP-induced Mk differentiation of HSPCs is enabled through JNK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Our data show that MkMPs activate Akt and mTOR phosphorylation. Furthermore, MkMPs downregulate PTEN expression, a direct target of miR-486-5p and a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt signaling, via JNK signaling. Taken together, our data provide a mechanistic understanding of the biological effect of MkMPs in inducing megakaryocytic differentiation of HSPCs, which, as was previously suggested, is a phenotype of potential physiological significance in stress megakaryopoiesis. Key Points miR-486-5p and miR-22-3p drive megakaryocytic differentiation in the absence of thrombopoietin. Megakaryocytic microparticles trigger megakaryocytic differentiation of CD34+ cells through JNK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Visual Abstract


Prediabetes is a high‐risk condition for diabetes mellitus type 2, which is an important public health issue. The myocardial performance index (MPI) is a noninvasive Doppler measurement of global ventricular function. We evaluated the MPI and left ventricular (LV) function in prediabetic patients who did not have coronary artery disease.


AbstrcatUsing the method of mental testing,this article investigates and analyzes the Liaoning handicapped athletes' level of sports competition anxiety and ambition,sense of responsibility and ability of coping with difficulties.The results show that athletes'level of state anxiety and self-confidence,sense of responsibility,ability of coping with difficulties are improved through training and competition for many years.The reasons for this phenomenon are the athletes'adequate emotion experience,more steady faith and courage conquering all difficulties that obtained from routine training and competition,which could remedy the handicapped athletes'defects in function and shape.This study has very important value to enhance the living confidence and living quality of handicapped people.


MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) technology is an established field, which makes use of the advanced state of silicon processing to fabricate complex electro-mechanical structures and devices. Microoptics is a new, but advanced technology within the field of optics. Also within the microoptics field fabrication techniques from the microelectronics industry are frequently used and it seems natural to proceed to merge these two technologies to build so called MOEMS (micro-opto-electro-mechanical system). The efforts to develop and produce MOEMS have rapidly intensified in recent years, and some commercial applications can already be found.
We have developed new fabrication processes based on the use of an amorphous fluorocarbon polymer, Cytop, for making microoptical diffractive elements and refractive lenses for integration in MEMS structures. The processing scheme we use is a reversed order protocol, meaning that the structuring of the lenses precedes the silicon microstructuring, where we introduce new processing steps and non-standard materials. The new processing steps and materials we introduce are all compatible with established silicon processing. The fabrication process for integration of diffractive optical elements makes use of hot embossing replication and was developed using two different diffractive optical structures – a small-feature, high-aspect ratio Fresnel lens and a fan-out diffractive element. The fabrication process for refractive (positive) microlenses makes use of reflow of the amorphous fluorocarbon polymer and was tested fabricating lenses with nominal diameters ranging from 25 m to 200 m. The scope of this thesis is a general approach to process development and performance characterization of the microoptical elements. We also have an application in mind: optical beam steering, which can be implemented by integrating the lenses on a translatable silicon stage. The lenses developed in this work are all suitable for this application. Our Fresnel lens is designed to use a 850 nm VCSEL as light source, and has an f-number of 2.5. The refractive lenses fabricated have f-numbers as small as ~1.9. In particular the lenses with nominal diameters of 25-50 m were found to have a perfect lens shape all over their surface, yielding high quality focusing lenses. The good optical properties of the amorphous fluorocarbon polymer used as the optical material makes our refractive lenses useful in a broad wavelength interval; in the visible and near-infrared range their transmittance is >95 %.


Substance use disorders (SUDs) and anxiety are commonly comorbid in bipolar disorder. Some studies indicate that quetiapine may improve mood in


When the well-respected scholar and editor W. E. B. Du Bois arrived in Los Angeles, California, in May 1913 as the guest of African Wesley Chapel, one of the elite African American churches in the city, it was estimated that more than two thousand people--African Americans, other people of color, and even some whites--were there to greet him; and over the next week they showed him westerners' grand hospitality. Subsequently, he published in The Crisis magazine a detailed account of his visit to various parts of the "Golden State." Du Bois was greatly impressed by the accomplishments of the African Americans he met, and he believed he had found in the City of Angels something unique and special about the nature of race relations: "One never forgets Los Angeles and Pasadena: the sensuous beauty of roses and orange blossoms, the air and the sunlight and the hospitality of all its races linger on." Du Bois deemed Los Angeles among the best places for African Americans to live in the entire nation because of the relative freedom from overt discrimination in housing, employment, and the political arena. (1) Du Bois arrived in the city on the eve of World War I and observed certain differences between black Angelenos and African Americans across the country. The city's vibrant social and political environment was comprised of not just black--white interactions, but a range of multiethnic relations involving Anglo and African Americans, Native and Mexican Americans, and European and Asian immigrants. (2) Race relations in the South were bifurcated, but Du Bois found African Americans in Los Angeles working and living alongside Japanese, Chinese, Mexican, and European immigrants, and other people from all over the world. Du Bois traveled throughout California and conducted an unofficial field study that many researchers believe was the first sociological study of African Americans in that state by an African American scholar. (3) Du Bois found that Los Angeles had a pleasant and healthful climate that seemed to have a positive effect on the residents because Angelenos were hospitable and African Americans were "pushing [forward] and energetic." (4) Agricultural and industrial workers as well as small business owners had beautiful homes, and they lived and worked with other people of color. Du Bois also reported that black Angelenos working together had created many employment and business opportunities for themselves. (5) Du Bois focused primarily on the African American professional and business elites who had organized day nurseries, homes for working girls, and other charitable and self-help organizations. He actually toured the businesses owned and operated by African Americans throughout the city, particularly in the downtown area. (6) [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Du Bois also commented on racist practices and segregation in Los Angeles. The Anglo-owned hotels and restaurants and some local storeowners refused service or discriminated against African Americans. In the face of such discrimination, Du Bois reported that African Americans regularly challenged the practices: "Black folk are fighters and not followers of the doctrine of surrender." (7) However, he understood that race relations in California were much more complex. DuBois observed, "Here, I had my first sight on the Pacific and realized how California faces the newest color problem, the problem of the relation of the Orient and Occident. The colored people of California do not realize the bigness of this problem and their own logical position." (8) With immigrants arriving daily from around the world, California had become a crossroads for clashing cultures and economic conflicts. Du Bois recognized the potential competition coming from people of Asian descent, particularly Japanese immigrants, in business and labor. He first noticed this competition in San Diego along the harbor, but he also observed it in other parts of the state. …


A study of 631 patients with leukæmia and allied disorders shows that those with acute leukæmia had a more frequent history of phenylbutazone ingestion than those with chronic leukæmias and allied disorders. Excluding those patients who received the drug for the first time within 12 months of diagnosis and those who had had an appreciable amount of radiotherapy, the difference between the two groups was significant at the 0·05 level. The possible implications of these findings are discussed, but no definite conclusions that phenylbutazone is leukæmogenic can be drawn.


In this paper,the adaptability of intercity railway network and city group is reduced to space adaptability,scale adaptability and functional adaptability,the adaptability content is expounded and corresponding index system is established;the measure model of adaptability is confirmed from quantificational angle,the weighing is analyzed by using subjective informationbased AHP method and determined by using entropy weight integration algorithm which based on objective information,and the data measure result is evaluated by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.In the end,by taking the intercity railway network and city group in China main regions as examples,the adaptability model of quantificational analysis is analyzed and applied.


To assess whether more channels are needed to understand speech in noise than in quiet, speech was processed in a manner similar to SPEAK-like cochlear implant processors and presented at +2 dB S/N to normal hearing listeners for identification. The number of analysis filters varied from 8 to 16, and the number of maximum channel amplitudes selected in each cycle varied from 2 to 16. The results show that more channels are needed to understand speech in noise than in quiet, and that high levels of speech understanding can be achieved with 12 channels. Selecting more than 12 channel amplitudes out of 16 channels did not yield significant improvements in recognition performance.


Phased arrays with control circuitries are favorably employed in many wireless applications in both military and commercial communication systems. The demands of high performance communication systems directly impact design issues at both system and component levels; phased arrays are no exception. Retrodirective arrays belong to the family of phased arrays but have self-controlled circuitries. These arrays are of particular interest to various applications because of their simple structure and cost effectiveness. They offer simple ways to retransmit a signal toward the signal source. This function is performance automatically without relying on digital signal processing and control algorithms. In recent years, retrodirective arrays have received consideration attention in the community. This dissertation is accordingly intended to provide a comprehensive investigation of performance enhancements of various retrodirective arrays which can be devoted to antenna arrays to achieve retrodirectivity with different or additional features. There are two main categories of antenna arrays that achieve retrodirectivity, namely, the Van Atta array and the phase conjugated array. Several newly proposed techniques that lead to higher performances are applied to these arrays. First, an active wideband circularly polarized Van Atta array with full utilizations of both antennas and amplifiers is proposed. The dual-fed microstrip patch combines the two techniques of stacked patch and aperture coupling excitation such that the axial-ratio bandwidth is successfully enhanced. The active array is implemented by inserting ordinary unilateral amplifiers to increase the effective isotropic radiated power. The circular polarization enables a full utilization of all elements. Each antenna with unidirectional amplifier services for both signal receiving and signal transmitting. Second, a 2-D Van Atta cross-shaped array using star-shaped patches with information carrying ability are proposed. Star-shaped patches with lower mutual coupling are proposed as the antenna elements in the 2-D array. With a similar arrangement as in the first design extended to a 2-D array, 2-D retrodirectivity is created; an 8-element prototype with cross-shaped arrangement with a fewer number of elements in than an m × m array is realized. Several 2-stage amplifiers biased by a DC-DC boost converter are applied and integrated with the 2-D Van Atta array. The DC-DC converter provides not only a stable active bias but also serves as an


Background: Although one of the most serious mononuclear meningitis is tuberculosis and the most prevalent one is viral meningitis, but the most treatable one is brucellar meningitis. Methods: In this cross sectional study we considered documents of 39 patients who have been diagnosed during 1988-2005. Patients were confirmed using positive agglutination tests of serum, spinal fluid or positive culture of blood, bone marrow and spinal fluid tests. Results: 64% of patients were female and 36% were male with average age of 26.9 years old. Patients major complain were: Headache (95%), vomiting (77%), fatigue (39%), myalgia (15%), cough (15%), movement disorders (15%), arthralgia (13%). Main clinical findings were; nuchal rigidity (74%), splenomegaly (49%), kernig's (41%), and brudzinski's signs (39%). Wright agglutination test with titer of 1:160 to 1:1280 in all patients' serums, CSF Wright test or coombs wright test in half of them and blood, bone marrow and CFS culture in %60 were positive. Conclusion: Epidemiological aspects as like as age, sex and seasonal distributions were somehow like systemic brucellosis. Sex distribution of patients was different from most other studies and seasonal distribution of the disease did not follow the seasonal distribution of systemic brucellosis but clinical or laboratory findings were so similar to Turkey and other studies in Iran. The definite response, without complication and recurrence, was achieved with co-trimoxazole plus rifampin and sometimes adding streptomycin, for 45–60 days which attracts more attention than most other studies and we recommend this regimen as a choice therapy.


ZnO is one of ceramic semiconductor material, which has interesting properties due its wide bandgap energy (3.4 eV), and it may be used in many optoelectronic devices. Optical and Defects properties of ZnO could affect the properties of the devices. ZnO films have been deposited on Si (111) substrate by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (U.S.P.) method at temperatures 400C, 450C, and 500C. The samples consist of two part, annealed and nonannealed heat treatment. The annealed treatment was conducted at temperature 800C for 2 hours. The XRD pattern revealed that the ZnO film is a polycrystalline. The T.E.M. characterization showed that non stochiometry of the ZnO film present. From the UV-vis pattern, the transition of electrons is affected by the defect present. The ZnO films show a characteristic luminescence properties. It found three defects, there are oxygen vacancies (Vo), oxygen interstitial (Oi), and an electron transition from the level of the ionized oxygen vacancies to the valence band, that is responsible for green band emission. Keywords— ZnO film, Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis , Defect, optical _________________________________________________________________________________


This study characterizes the degree of cure c, of a two-part epoxy/acrylic photopolymer used in stereolithography, SLA. The use of solid free form fabrication has added a whole new list of thermosets with a chemical reaction—curing reaction—targeted for these specific manufacturing processes. The studied thermosetting system exhibits a fast curing reaction triggered by a UV-light source. An innovative stepwise method to quantify the degree of cure using Raman spectroscopy is reported. This method abates the Raman noise and compensates for the weak signal of fast measurements. The Raman data processing algorithm BEADS was implemented. The technique presented here was capable of following the degree of cure of the individual components of the photopolymer. Based on the epoxy/acrylic monomers concentration (75%/25%), the degree of cure for the whole system was quantified. The experimental results were modeled using a modified phenomenological kinetics equation. This model includes the dependency of the rate of cure on the light intensity, and cure state. Based on the analysis reported here, the proposed model accurately fits the initiation, propagation, and termination phases of the cure cycle. The technique and methods presented here can potentially be integrated to in situ process monitoring with instant parameter feedback, and numerical modeling of residual stresses in additive manufacturing of thermosets. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers


A large number of plant materials contain essential oils which are a diverse group of natural products having extensive bioactivities and are therefore important sources of aromatic and flavoring chemicals in food, industrial and pharmaceutical products. One advancing method of essential oil extraction from plants is the steam distillation because it preserves the original qualities of the plant. It is generally believed that the smaller choppings of the plant raw material yield more essential oil than larger sizes. However, the amount of oil collection depends on its volatility and distillation time in the absence of airtight collection system. For very volatile essential oils, the longer the distillation time, the lesser the amount of oil to be collected. One way to reverse this trend is to use larger size particles of the plant raw materials. In this study, therefore, the steam distillation is used to extract oil from lemon grass leaves to examine the effects of the sizes of the leaves and temperature on the oil yield at increasing distillation time. The distillation was conducted in Clevenger apparatus in which boiling, condensing and decantation is done. The results show there is progressive increase of the essential oil yield from 0.51 to 0.84 as the particle size increases from 4 mm to 20 mm and the distillation time increases from 30 minutes to 120 minutes. Similarly, we observe that the oil yield increases as temperature increases from 10 to 50Cfor all the different sizes of the leaves. *Corresponding author


A whole-passage unsteady turbulent numerical simulation to the model of ThreeGorge turbine with two guide angles is presented in this paper.The vortex motion and pressure fluctuation inside the draft tube are calculated.From the results,the formation and development of vortex rope inside the draft tube can be obtained.It can be seen that the pressure fluctuation is strongly related to the vortex periodic motion.From the results,it can also be obtained that the vortex is formed from the crown of the runner to draft tube,which is similar to the formation of detached vortex.It shows that the research on the flow distribution around crown can be used to study the principle of vortex rope and improvement for reducing pressure fluctuation.


Abstract This study assessed the impact of intraoperative and early postoperative periprosthetic hip fractures (PPHFx) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) on health care resource utilization and costs in the Medicare population. This retrospective observational cohort study used health care claims from the United States Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Standard Analytic File (100%) sample. Patients aged 65+ with primary THA between 2010 and 2016 were identified and divided into 3 groups – patients with intraoperative PPHFx, patients with postoperative PPHFx within 90 days of THA, and patients without PPHFx. A multi-level matching technique, using direct and propensity score matching was used. The proportion of patients admitted at least once to skilled nursing facility (SNF), inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF), and readmission during the 0 to 90 or 0 to 365 day period after THA as well as the total all-cause payments during those periods were compared between patients in PPHFx groups and patients without PPHFx. After dual matching, a total 4460 patients for intraoperative and 2658 patients for postoperative PPHFx analyses were included. Utilization of any 90-day post-acute services was statistically significantly higher among patients in both PPHFx groups versus those without PPHFx: for intraoperative analysis, SNF (41.7% vs 30.8%), IRF (17.7% vs 10.1%), and readmissions (17.6% vs 11.5%); for postoperative analysis, SNF (64.5% vs 28.7%), IRF (22.6% vs 7.2%), and readmissions (92.8% vs 8.8%) (all P < .0001). The mean 90-day total all-cause payments were significantly higher in both intraoperative ($30,114 vs $21,229) and postoperative ($53,669 vs $ 19,817, P < .0001) PPHFx groups versus those without PPHFx. All trends were similar in the 365-day follow up. Patients with intraoperative and early postoperative PPHFx had statistically significantly higher resource utilization and payments than patients without PPHFx after primary THA. The differences observed during the 90-day follow up were continued over the 1-year period as well.


For a current driven Josephson junction shunted by an Ohmic resistance, the dc voltage response and impedance to external high frequency currents is calculated with a second order perturbation method based on the unperturbed solution for the time evolution of the voltage as given by Aslamazov and Larkin. The response is proportional to signal power and has three characteristic frequency regions depending on whether the internal self generated Josephson frequency, w 0 is larger than, equal to, or smaller than the signal frequency, w . For w or w 0 the response could be expressed by easily observable parameters of the dc voltage current characteristics. This permits comparison of the predictions with experimental results obtained on micro bridge junctions whose dc characteristics were only approximately represented by the simple model chosen for analysis. For w 0w the response is found to be proportional to (1) the slope of the dc characteristic, (2) the inverse square of the applied frequency, (3) the voltage amplitude of the inherent Josephson oscillations. For w 0w the response is proportional to curvature. For w 0~w occurrence of resonance response depends to a considerable degree on fluctuations of the average voltage. For w 0w the results of our experiment is in reasonable agreement with the predictions of the analysis. And the noise equivalent power we got is 2.45×10 -14 W/Hz 1/2 , which is much better than other types of bolometric detector.


The aim of the article is to present the situation of Poland and Mexico in the years prior to the establishment of bilateral relations. It is reasonable to have a panorama of very particular conditions that determined the existence of these two countries at the beginning of the 1920s. As Poland reappeared on the political map of Europe it encountered significant difficulties in rebuilding its independent existence. These difficulties were both of an international and domestic dimension. The same can be said about Mexico that was entering the new chapter of its history after a bloody revolution that was aimed to change the domestic situation of the country. In this sense, at the beginning of the 1920s both nations can be described as "Nations reborn".


This article investigates how late nineteenth century Japanese philosophers responded to large categories of ideas imported from the West and for which there were no Japanese equivalents; mainly "science," "religion," and "philosophy." Discussions on whether Buddhism or Confucianism would fall under "philosophy" or "religion" accompanied a re-categorization of ideas. Some philosophers made elaborate reconstructions of Buddhism and Confucianism as modern philosophies. However, over time, Japanese categorizations of Buddhism and Confucianism shifted from "philosophy" (tetsugaku) to "thought" (shisō). Investigating Meiji philosophy from the perspective of this problem of categories makes it is possible to reevaluate it on its own terms.


During lumbar disc hernia operations, large intra-abdominal injuries may develop, even though they are rare. Massive bleeding and hypotension are precursors of this complication, which often has a mortal prognosis. In this circumstance, emergent operation should be performed by laparotomy. We present a case in whom an abdominal aortic injury developed during lumbar disc surgery. (JAEM 2014; 13: 149-50)


This paper describes how the CAGIS environment can be used to manage work-processes, cooperative processes, and how to share and control information in a distributed, heterogeneous environment. We have used a conference organising process as a scenario and applied our CAGIS environment on this process. The CAGIS environment consists of three main parts: a document management system, a process management system, and a transaction management system.


Objective To optimize the optimum extraction process for Ningxintong granules. Methods Orthogonal test was used to optimize the extraction process and the content of total flavonoids was chosen as the evaluating index. Results The best extraction technology was A1B2C2,that meant the raw drug materials were extracted twice, 2 h for each time by adding 8 times of 70% alcohol. Conclusion The optimum extraction process condition of Ningxintong granules provides scientific base for large producton.


To provide a corrosion resistance and high thermal conductivity silicon nitride sintered body and the heat conduction member to alkaline component. It has a crystal A silicon nitride, sodium oxide and oxides of potassium and a grain boundary phase containing at least one, the content of oxide and oxides of the potassium of the sodium, total are each Na 2 By satisfying this configuration, it is possible to combine high corrosion resistance and high thermal conductivity for alkali. .FIELD 1


The general task of bringing about the comprehensive improvement of socialist production relations and the basic restructuring of the economic mechanism requires the solution of a number of problems involved in organizing the interaction of production with final [konechnoe] consumption. It would probably not be an exaggeration to say that it is precisely in this sector that the largest number of unresolved and, at first glance, difficult-to-solve problems have accumulated.


Vertical distribution of a copepod Oithona davisae was modeled by an advection-dispersion model. The advection speed is expressed by two factors; the swimming speed due to biological geotaxis or barokinesis and downward sinking speed due to gravity. The vertical dispersion effect of the population is expressed by the dispersion coefficient. These numerical parameters were obtained from the swimming behavior of individuals and from the distribution of the population in an cylindrical experimental water column; 3m in hight, 0.19m in diameter. The swimming behavior of individual copepods was recorded by the video-camera or by visual observation. Anethetized individuals were entered into a glass test tube to measure sinking speed. Upward and downward directional components of the swimming speed were introduced in the model using the selecting probability in the case of steady state vertical distribution. In the experiment of the population distribution, sea water containing copepods was entered into the experimental cylinder. At the start of the experiment, the density of copepods at each developmental stages was vertically homogeneous. The distribution pattern sifted to steady state within 1 hour at all developmental stages. In the observation of individuals three modes were observed in the swimming of O. davisae. Those were defined to the 'rapid mode', the 'burst mode', and the 'fluttering mode'. Only the burst mode and the fluttering mode were observed when the distribution pattern reached the steady state. The obtained probability to select upward direction was 0.9 in the copepod swimming. The upward swimming speed almost balanced with the sinking speed and the distribution was very sensitive to the selecting probability. This suggests that copepods can easily change their distribution. This quantitative model is applicable to predict the vertical distribution in the sea with more information of the swimming behavior responsing to environmental conditions.


In Australia there are more than 20,000 young people in the care of the state and the majority of these individuals are in foster care due to previous maltreatment or neglect. Across Australia the number of children in care has been steadily increasing and children in foster care represent a diverse, vulnerable, and at times challenging cohort of students in schools. Traditionally, the research literature has concentrated on children in foster care from a social work perspective. In contrast, this paper investigates this cohort of young people from a developmental and educational perspective and reviews procedures and strategies teachers can consider that facilitate the inclusion of these individuals into the classroom. These strategies are identified under the four broad headings of: relocation issues; protection issues; classroom climate and friendship enhancement issues; and programming suggestions.


To introduce a numerical simulation technique for the design sites of industrial products, a "CAD/CAE seamless" system from modeling to computation is desired. A meshless or element-free method is expected to be an effective procedure for realizing such a system, because time-consuming mesh generation processes can be omitted. The element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) proposed by Belytschko et al. is one practical meshless method. This study describes an application of EFGM to solve two-dimensional potential problems. A new methodology of enforcing the essential boundary condition in the EFGM formulation is proposed. Numerical examples are shown and the solutions by EFGM are examined by comparing with exact solutions or those by the conventional FEM.


Bamboo Garden is a modern annotation of Chinese traditional gardens.Though it has little relationship with Chinese traditional gardens in form language,it brings people similar experience of visual transition and spatial atmosphere as the latter,it reflects the designer's unique understanding of Chinese traditional gardens,as well as his seeking for modern aesthetics.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of classroom interaction patterns on achievements of Basic Electricity students in Technical Colleges in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. A research question and one null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. The design of the study was a causal comparative or (expost-facto). The population of the study was 123 Basic Electricity students in Government Technical Colleges in Federal Capital Territory. The students were categorized into two groups based on previous Basic Electricity classroom interaction Categorization test (PCICT)). They were required to make responses based on their personal experience during Pervious Basic Electricity classroom Activities (PCICT). The instrument used for data collection was Basic Electricity Achievement test (BEAT). The instrument was face and content validated by three Basic Electricity Educators and two experts in Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability coefficient of BEAT was established using KuderRichardson formula 20 (K-R20) and this yielded an internal consistency of 0.76. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research question while oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the null hypothesis. Results of the study revealed that classroom interaction patterns significantly influenced students' achievements in Basic Electricity. Recommendations made among others were that classroom interaction patterns be adopted for effective teaching of Basic Electricity in Technical Colleges.


A novel catalyst for hydroxylation of phenol, MgFe 2O 4, was synthesized via co precipitation method, characterized by XRD and IR. The effect of solvent and oxidant on phenol hydroxylation were studied. The results indicated that the catalyst magnesium ferrite(MgFe 2O 4) showed higher catalytic activity in the phenol hydroxylation with water as solvent and ozogen as oxidant. Additionally, in this study, A free radical mechanism was proposed to explain the experimental phenomena.


Spatial-temporal database researches on how to store historical and current spatial-temporal data so as to track and analyze changes of some region,which finally implements spatial-temporal modeling and geographical simulation process.At present there are mainly two solutions as for spatio-temporal database.The one is adding time dimension on the basis of spatial database.The other is extending spatial dimension on the basis of temporal database.The research on spatial database has already been mature at the present time.So we should fully make use of existing spatial data model and spatial processing and analyzing functions of GIS,which will reduce enormously workload.Consequently this paper chooses to add time dimension on the basis of spatial database.Extended relational spatio-temporal database extends time dimension by considering time as attribute of spatial geometry and thematic feature,which has its particular advantages.For one thing,relational database is supported by strict relational algebra and has many available large commercial relational databases.In addition,many information systems are originally established on the basis of relational database.In the second place many researches on temporal database itself mostly adopt relational model,which extend temporal semantics for relational algebra and develop temporal structured query language.Thirdly many researches on spatial database in GIS domain also employ relational data model,and research on spatial query language is also based on relational model.All in all,spatial-temporal database adopting model of historical relational database can make the best of research results and existing systems such as temporal query function of temporal relational database and spatial process and analysis function of GIS,reducing the cost of establishing spatial-temporal database.This paper at first introduces historical relational database model,temporal relational algebra and temporal query language,and then conducts researches on historical relational database to organize temporal information in spatial database.Aiming at completely relational spatial database,this paper makes use of temporally upward compatible function of ATSQL2 and adopts the mode of transplanting non-temporal database to temporal database to extend temporal information for spatial data.In the light of organizing principle of spatio-temporal data,current data and historical data are stored separately.As a result,spatio-temporal database includes current spatial database and historical spatial database.Current database stores the latest base state version of map layers,yet historical database stores historical base state version of map layers.If spatial data and attribute data change,data of new version will be added to current spatial database.At the same time original data will become data of old version and be shifted to historical spatial database.We can adopt indexing pointer to establish the relationship between current spatial database and historical spatial database.The paper eventually gives an example of rotating wheat fields to examine the feasibility and validity of adopting model of historical relational database to establish spatial-temporal database.Rotating wheat fields has obvious temporal trait.Generally speaking,it is not likely that wheat fields change in aspect of spatial geometry.Most changes of wheat fields are changes of attributes such as plant type and owner.When plant type of a wheat field changes,it is considered that the old geographic entity disappears,and a new one comes into being.We need to add a new record in the current database and transfer the original record to the historical database.In the mean time we adopt PreVersion and PostVersion to record successive relationship between them.The result shows that spatial-temporal database based on historical relational model is feasible and valid.However,spatio-temporal database based on historical relational database still has the shortcomings.In addition,it can not deal with transaction time yet,at which database objects are created,updated and deleted.Consequently in future work we should take disposal ability of transaction time to spatio-temporal database into account.


For optimisation in diagnostic medical imaging it is important to consider the relation between diagnostic image quality and patient dose. In the past, schematic representations of the human body were commonly used for dosimetric simulations together with Monte Carlo codes. During the last two decades, voxel models were introduced as an improvement to these body models. Studies performed by various research groups have shown that the more realistic organ topology of voxel models constructed from medical image data of real persons has an impact on calculated doses for external as well as internal exposures. As a consequence of these findings, the ICRP decided to use voxel models for the forthcoming update of organ dose conversion coefficients. These voxel models should be representative of an average population, i.e. they should resemble the ICRP reference anatomical data with respect to their external dimensions and their organ masses. To meet the ICRP requirements, our group at the Helmholtz Zentrum München (formerly known as GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health) constructed voxel models of a male and female adult, based on the voxel models of two individuals whose body height and weight resembled those of the male and female ICRP reference adult. The organ masses of both models were adjusted to the ICRP reference anatomical data, without spoiling their realistic anatomy. The paper describes the method used for this process and the resulting voxel models.


Abstract : This work discusses the representation and manipulation of sets based on two different concepts: tries, and hashing functions. The sets considered here are assumed to be static: once created, there will be no further insertions or deletions. For both trie- and hash-based strategies, a series of representations is introduced which together with the availability of preprocessing reduces the average sizes of the sets to nearly optimal values, yet retains the inherently good retrieval characteristics. The intersection procedure for trie-based representations is based on the traversal in parallel of the tries representing the sets to be intersected, and it behaves like a series of binary searches when the sets to be intersected are of very different sizes. Hashed intersection runs very fast. The average time is proportional to the size of the smallest set to be intersected and is independent of the number of sets (except for the intersection set itself which has to be checked for every set). (Author)


The renewable energy plants tend to require the performance improvement and the scale extension continuously, and also tend to be installed in inconvenient locations for maintenance. Under these background, the control systems of them require high reliability and maintenance-free. In recent years, from the view point of heat generation and system inheritability, the construction of the control system with FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is focused. To design the control system, redundancy with diversity is expected to be the key function to improve reliability and safety of the control, under the consideration of reduction of development cost and production cost. This paper proposes a methodology to generate diverse FPGA circuitries by the Technology-Mapping without both algorism diversity and code diversity. The diversity of the redundant control system is realized by different circuit structures in FPGA with the Technology Mapping and prove-in-use tools. From the simulation of real FPGA implementation setting, it is clarified that the diverse pair of FPGA circuitries improves the error detection rate and the common cause failure fraction. Moreover, it is also clarified that the proposed methodology provides the improvement of MTBF and Safety Integrity level (SIL) of control systems. Therefore, it is revealed that the proposed methodology realizes the new FPGA controller which is suitable for the redundant control system in renewable energy plants.


Arsenic, a metalloid with wide distribution in nature, can be found in natural environments in the forms of high toxicity. Monitoring conducted in the Basin of the das Velhas River, MG, demonstrates the occurrence of this metal in all sampling stations distributed over the water course and main tributaries. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the time trends of concentration of arsenic in water courses of the basin of das Velhas River, considering the data of twenty-nine monitoring stations from 1998 to 2007. The tests included the verification of seasonality, autocorrelation and temporal trend with the non-parametric tests of Mann-Kendall and Mann-Kendall seasonal. Eight sampling stations showed seasonality, with higher concentrations observed in rainy season. The autocorrelation was virtually nonexistent, which may be associated with low sample found in a monitoring program (three to six months). Only seven monitoring stations showed significant negative


Since approval of Food & drug administration (FDA) on Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in 2001, CRT become one of the mainstay in treatment of patients with heart failure and left bundle branch Block (LBBB). Hence ; specific echocardiographic parameters is mandatory to identify patients who did respond and those who didn't respond to CRT and to extent of linking baseline Dyssynchrony parameters & risk factors history of Ischemic Heart Disease & diabetes with their response. The aim of this study is to identify the role of Longitudinal strain & Dyssynchrony parameters in three months follow up of patients with CRT. Study Population: eighteen patients with symptomatic Heart Failure with symptomatic Heart failure & New York Heart Association functional classification (NYHA) class II or IV symptoms, all patients included in this Study were with Sinus rhythm, prolonged QRS >120 milliseconds & their Left ventricular EF < 35%. All patients treated with CRT in Cardiology Unit, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad-Iraq. Method: in this Before & After study, different methods for Evaluation of ventricular synchrony were used, Both Convectional Echocardiography for Dyssynchrony parameters, ejection fraction (%) & Longitudinal Stain Imaging using Speckle tracking were made to all patients at Baseline and three months after implantation of CRT. Results: at three months, all patients show significant improvement in EF% from 26.02(2.8) to 36.94(8.32) (p0.014), SPWMD from (206.27±47.30) to (37.89±7.56) (p0.023), IVMD from (48.33±17.04) to (25.77±7.00) (p 0.002), while GLS show non-significant change (p0.16). Conclusion, conventional synchrony parameter not enough to predict cardiac future remodeling, Longitudinal Strain is useful tool to identify early cardiac remodeling before being clinically significant.


2,b , Rustmery Heredia-Cieza c ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the association between the presence of dental wear facets and personality characteristics based on the theoretical model of Theodore Millon in students of the faculty of dentistry of the University of San Martin de Porres-North Branch (FO- USMP-NB). Material and methods. 73 students of the FO-USMP-NB were randomly selected to do a specialized dental study, the presence or absence of dental wear facets was determined and, if they did, the type of tooth wear was determined. Then we applied a psychological inventory to the 73 students called "Millon Index of Personality Styles "(MIPS) to determine what were the characteristics of the personality of the students .When data was obtained we classified them into 2 groups: facets group of physiological wear and faceted group of pathological wear; inventory data MIPS of students that make up the groups were used to determine the means and standard deviations of all data as a group ; statistical Student's t test was applied and scales Stock MIPS in which these groups differ , establishing whether the characteristics of these scales could trigger the presence of dental wear facets by statistical tests of association were determined. Results. We found 3 MIPS inventory scales that are associated with the presence of dental wear; we identified Self Indulting and Submissive / Yielding scales for Physiological Group and Pleasure Enhancing, Other Nurturing and Feeling Guide scales for Pathological Group). Conclusions. There is an association between the presence of tooth wear and personality of the students (through the MIPS scales) from the School of Dentistry USMP-FN. (Kiru. 2013;10(1):38-41).


Selectively ring-labelled terodilines (N-tert-butyl-1-methyl-3,3-diphenylpropylamine; 1) were prepared by homogeneous catalytic exchange of aromatic hydrogens for 3H and 2H. In addition, terodilines specifically labelled with 14C, 3H or 2H were prepared from the appropriate 1-methyl labelled 4,4-diphenylbutan-2-ol, by treating the corresponding tosylates with tert-butylamine.

Emepronium bromide (N-ethyl-N,N,1-trimethyl-3,3-diphenylpropylammonium bromide; 2) specifically labelled with 14C or 2H were similarly prepared by treating the labelled tosylates with N-ethylmethylamine or dimethylamine, followed by quaternization with methyl bromide or ethyl bromide, respectively.


gives an support for the development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and other key and closely coordinates with the strategy for the rise of central China and for promoting the development along the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Emphasis is placed on strengthening the alignment of the industrial gradient transfer and upgrading project between the east and the west, to promote the large-scale development of China's western region. protect the legitimate rights and interests of financial consumers, and advance the high-quality development of the banking business. supplier in downtown Qingdao. The funds are used for the construction of the expansion project of Qingdao BCTA Desalination Plant. It is planned to build this project into largest desalination plants in China, supply water to industrial enterprises in the an to municipal water supply. industrial policy orientation, to the standards and policy framework requirements of green bond projects, IB evaluated the risks and environmental and social benefits, solved multiple difficulties in project standard certification, and successfully issued the bond, thereby expanding low-cost financing channels for enterprises. theory. As a result, China saw fundamental changes in its ecological environment and economic and social development patterns. The Bank took the lead in exploring green finance business in China the same year when the theory was put forward, and for more than a decade thereafter, it had been making sustained effort in tree planting and promoting ecological conservation in China. In 2020, IB carried out vivid green finance practices based on the "Invaluable Assets" theory to promote the resumption of work and production, support green poverty alleviation, and serve green development. In the availability of credit, the Bank strengthened its support for rural areas, enhanced the capacity for making innovation in products and services, intensified the credit support for agriculture and its sidelines as well as local characteristic industries, and put effort in the construction of key infrastructure projects in transport, electricity and water conservancy. Meanwhile, the Bank scaled up financial support for appropriate extensive operation of family farms and their cooperative operation. IB introduced loan models like unsecured of "two and rights for households with good social credibility and a large cash flow and entities like family farm. mortgage loans ownership strengthened the public-private linkage in procedures. provided financing service for retail customers in forestry, animal husbandry fishing provided support for all kinds of people returning or coming to rural areas to make innovation or start their own business; and scaled up the financial support for rural tourism, farming and breeding, and processing agricultural products and byproducts. of the comprehensive projects in redevelopment of low efficient industrial land, urban renewal and city-industry integration.


Solid hydrogenic pellets are used as fuel for fusion energy machines like the ITER device. This paper discusses the numerical modeling of a Pellet Production System (PPS) that is used to generate these pellets. The PPS utilizes a source of supercritical helium to provide the cooling that is necessary to precool, liquefy, and solidify hydrogenic material that is ultimately extruded and cut into fuel pellets. The specific components within the PPS include a pre‐cooling heat exchanger, a liquefier, and a twin‐screw solidifying extruder. This paper presents numerical models of each component. These numerical models are used as design tools to predict the performance of the respective devices. The performance of the PPS is dominated by the heat transfer coefficient and viscous dissipation associated with the solidifying hydrogenic fluid in the twin‐screw extruder. This observation motivates experimental efforts aimed at precise measurement of these quantities.


Abstract This paper considers critical rationalism under an institutional perspective. It argues that a methodology must be incentive compatible in order to prevail in scientific competition. As shown by a formal game-theoretic model of scientific competition, incentive compatibility requires quality standards that are hereditary: using high-quality research as an input must increase a researcher's chances to produce high-quality output. Critical rationalism is incentive compatible because of the way it deals with the Duhem-Quine problem. An example from experimental economics illustrates the relevance of the arguments.


Why should a pediatrician, who is a general practitioner to the young, presume to discuss a subject that might seem to belong to a regional specialist? The answer is evident. In the first place, it is because he is a general practitioner and must therefore be usefully informed on one of the most common and most important diseases of childhood. Furthermore, he and the general practitioner, alone, are in a strategic position to acquire extensive and practical knowledge of the developmental period of middle ear disease and a resulting ability to prognosticate with some assurance in an early questionable case. The otologist commonly sees only the ear in the case presented to him for surgical judgment or treatment. The pediatrician, as a rule, sees the patient for the underlying throat infection before the ear is involved. If he is a good pediatrician he has long ago found his otoscope as


The objective of this paper is to present a system to communicate hidden information among different users by means of images. The tasks that the system is able to carry on can be divided in two different groups of utilities, implemented in java. The first group of utilities are related with the possibility to hide information in color images, using a steganographic function based on the least significant bit (LSB) methods. The second group of utilities allows us to communicate with other users with the aim to send or receive images, where some information have been previously embedded. Thus, this is the most significant characteristic of the implementation, we have built an environment where we join the email capabilities to send and receive text and images as attached files, with the main objective of hiding information. Key-words:Data hiding, steganography, image processing, banking security.


A Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter has been developed and demonstrated for characterizing the polarization properties of optical coatings in place in optical systems. This Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter is a form of ellipsometer which measures the polarization characteristics of ray paths through systems in image form. It is a highly versatile instrument capable of making a variety of polarimetric measurements on optical samples or entire optical systems. Two data sets will be presented. The first shows the polarization behavior for example lenses which display the typical Maltese cross variation. The second shows images of polarizing beam splitter behavior as a function of angle of incidence, clearly showing how the plane of polarization as determined by the s- and p-planes rotates for light incident out of the normal plane.


This research aims to achieve the commercialization of "Pitahaya in syrup" in Guayaquil market, which will not contain chemicals in the process, given that adding sugar to our fruit preparation prevents oxidation of the fruit, and that prevents contact with oxygen. Moreover a high concentration of sugar in the syrup helps maintain the strength of the product; this method is used in the preparation of fruit in syrup, both domestic and industrial. After preparing the fruits are packed in glass jars vacuum. Finally, our product will be preserved in all its freshness for long periods using a chemical additive that is, but we should not worry, non-toxic as long as we use the maximum amounts. Our product will have a shelf life up to 1 month (30 days) due to the amount of sugar placed in each container. This idea came as an innovator, so what we want is to show the benefits that brings us this exotic fruit and similarly provide incentives for the production of Pitahaya, complementing the idea of growth we have considered adding a bonus in this case syrup, which will provide a twist to all those eccentric tastes currently exist in the city of Guayaquil.


Methods and apparatus for testing the flex cable shielding of the consumer electronic device is provided. In one example, the method may include the step of applying a signal across the second portion of the flex cable shielding a first portion and a flex cable shielding. The method may include the step of detecting a parameter associated with the signal. Method may be based at least in part on the detected parameters include a step of determining the health of the flex cable shielding.


A multitude of attentional effects were found at both the neural and behavioural levels of perception; however, the nature of the attentional mechanism is an unsettled issue. It is typically assumed that the fundamental impact of attention is enhancement of neuronal responses, but some attentional effects are difficult to explain by such gain modulations. Here we offer a different view: We suggest that the most fundamental impact of attention is the attraction (shift) of receptive fields towards the attended location. We further show, both conceptually and by model simulations, that this attraction of receptive fields can explain a diverse range of attentional effects, spatial as well as temporal, linking physiological measurements at the unit level with psychophysical observations (e.g., enhanced contrast sensitivity, enhanced spatial resolution, the Mexican-hat profile of attention, prolonged perceived duration, prior entry, degraded temporal resolution).


Introduction: Telephone Triage Services (TTS) manage phone calls from the public regarding general medical problems and provide telephone advice. This telephone based care can overlap with care provided by Poison Centres. Our objective was to examine the impact of a provincial 811 TTS on the IWK Regional Poison Centre (RPC). Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study using interrupted time series methodology. We compared monthly IWK RPC call volume in the pre-811 era (January 2007-July 2009) and the post-811 era (September 2009-December 2017). We summarized the characteristics of callers who accessed the IWK RPC in terms of client age, sex, intentionality, time of day, call disposition and outcome. Caller characteristics were compared between the pre- and post-811 eras using chi-square test for categorical variables. We used segmented regression analysis to evaluate changes in slope of call volume in the pre- and post 811 eras. The Durbin-Watson statistic was performed to test for serial correlation and the Dickey-Fuller test to investigate seasonality. Results: The dataset included 82683 calls to the IWK RPC – 27028 pre-811 and 55655 post-811. Overall, 55% of calls were for female clients and the largest age group was children aged 0-5 years (37%). Most calls originated from home (47%), followed by a health care facility (23%). Most calls were managed at home (65%). Less than 3% of calls resulted in major effect or death. The Durbin Watson statistic was not statistically significant (p = 0.94). The Dickey-Fuller test indicated series stationarity (p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant change in call volume to the IWK RPC due to the introduction of 811 (p = 0.39). There was no significant variation by time of day, day of week or month, with most calls occurring in the evening. There were significantly more calls regarding intentional ingestions in the post-811 era (23% vs. 19% pre-811, p < .001). Outcomes in the pre and post 811 eras were as follows: minor/no effect/non-toxic/minimal 80% vs. 78%; moderate 7% vs. 10%; and, major/death 1.7% vs. 2.0%. Conclusion: The introduction of a TTS did not change call volumes at our RPC. The increase in the percentage of calls about intentional ingestions may reflect an increase in call acuity as the 811-TTS likely manages calls about minor/non-toxic ingestions without consulting with the RPC. Our future research will examine the nature of poison related calls to the 811-TTS.


This study focuses on how founding institutions impact intraorganizational capabilities and how such imprints may have different external manifestations in subsequent historical eras. We introduce the concept of exaptation to organizational theory, identifying an important process whereby the historical origin of a capability differs from its current usefulness. Three founding conditions—branching policy, modernization, and political culture—influenced banks' development of capabilities for managing dispersed branches, and these capabilities subsequently led to variation in banks' propensity to engage in acquisitions.


The launch of this new journal, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health (EBPH), enables us to embrace new challenges, and renew our commitment to our readers, our authors and fellow editors, and ultimately to the public health community worldwide.
EBPH is an open access journal streaming from two previous journals, one focused on public health (The Italian Journal of Public Health, http://ijphjournal.it/) [1-8], ...


Based on ANSYS FEM software,the simulation results of response spectrum analysis method and time history analysis method are compared.The concurrence of tow methods and comparability of the results are studied.The result shows that the influences of characteristics of ground motion and the structure dynamic characteristics on earthquake response are taken into account in the calculation processes of both methods,and the calculation results of the earthquake response peak values and the main response frequencies are consistent.


resistance measurements that allowed us to have direct access to the conductive network during the polymer impregnation process. The results showed that the cross-linked polymer matrix alone can lead to about 40% increase in the SWCNT network resistance, similar to the effect of liquid infi ltration in carbon nanotube fi bers. [ 24 ] These studies show that there are possibilities for composites to reach their maximum potential, but they do not explain what


RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aims of this article are: (1) to define the role of remuneration of academic staff in shaping human capital; (2) to present the dynamics of changes in the remuneration of lecturers in Poland and its comparison with changes in the minimum wage, economic growth and the inflation rate; (3) to propose a model of changes in the minimum wage of a professor as a function of changes in the minimum wage.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: In order to ensure the proper level of training of academic staff, it is necessary to implement a remuneration system to attract and retain the best staff. To that end method of analysis and logical construction was used, which allowed to present a method for optimization of remuneration of academic staff in Poland.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The insufficient funding in Polish higher education was identified, especially the low-level of salaries of academic staff in relation to the their high responsibility. Then, the dynamics of change of professor's minimum wage, the national minimum wage, the GDP, and the CPI were analyzed and compared. On these basis, a model for remuneration of academic staff in Poland was proposed.
RESEARCH RESULTS: The results showed that the minimum wage of a professor in 2012–2023 grew slower than the minimum wage on average, and in 2023 it is approximately twice as high as the minimum wage. As a solution to the problem of determining the professor's remuneration, the article proposes a model that will transparently determine the change on an annual basis.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: With regard to higher education, an appropriate remuneration system allows for the creation of academic staff that guarantees high-quality education in all aspects, i.e. theoretical knowledge, practical knowledge and cognitive skills.


When the rotary drilling pile is constructed in the thick stone backfill,the perfusion technique of the fine aggregate concrete consolidation soil is used after collapse,can safely and effectively solve hole collapse or auger piles not successfully pore-forming and any other issues. The application of the construction technology has good quality,convenient construction,low cost,with good economic,social and promotional value.