The invention belongs to the field of internet technology and provides a browser navigation method and device and terminal equipment. The method includes the steps that historical access logs of the current access users are acquired; according to the historical access logs, interest labels and categories corresponding to the current access users are analyzed; according to the interest labels and categories, navigation information corresponding to the interest labels and categories is acquired; navigation area templates corresponding to the interest labels and categories are loaded in the navigation area templates of a browser; the navigation information corresponding to the interest labels and categories is displayed in the navigation area templates. Through the browser navigation method and device and the terminal equipment, personalized navigation content can be recommended according to the interest of the users, and thus navigation meeting the demands of the users best is generated.


In this paper, the parity space approach, a modelbased fault detection and isolation scheme, is applied to a hybrid synchronous machine. The aim is to detect additive faults, i.e., faults in the actuators and sensors. The inconsistency between the actual behavior of the process and the expected behavior of the model is represented by means of residuals. For the isolation of faults, a limit checking criterion based on the energy content of a residual is employed. Furthermore, the load torque acting as an external disturbance is estimated by using a reduced-order observer. A simulation analysis shows the effectiveness of the parity space approach for the detection and the isolation of additive faults in a hybrid synchronous machine.


The present work is focused on how using different routines in the classroom helps students develop their Key Competences present in every Educational Curriculum. These tools not only still be good for reach Key Competences but also to develop thinking and social skills that contribute to create a school culture for in this way favor a good learning and knowledge environment. With this proposal we want to show that Key Competences are essential aspects in the Spanish and British Educational Systems, and also how to develop them through classroom strategies as routines. Routines are a fundamental aspect when we talk about the British education, they are always included in every unit planning. This work explains a proposal about how to use routines in a bilingual English-Spanish school, having in mind basic facts about the British Curriculum as the construction of a class culture. In essence, it promotes the use of routines to develop Key Competences and skills in the students. PALABRAS CLAVES: competencias basicas, habilidades de pensamiento, habilidades sociales, rutinas, manejo del aula, transversal, Curriculo Britanico, Curriculo Espanol, proceso de aprendizaje, cultura de aula, cultura de colegio, colegio bilingue ingles-espanol. KEY WORD: Key Competences, thinking skills, social skills, routines, classroom management, cross-curricular, British curriculum, Spanish curriculum, learning process, class culture, school culture, English-Spanish bilingual school.


A simple, additive-free, cost-effective and scalable successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method is reported to prepare nickel–cobalt binary hydroxide (Ni–Co–BH) on a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) directing template over a macro-porous conductive nickel foam substrate. This green technique is not only considered as fundamental research interest, but also describes the commercial applications of supercapacitors to reduce the electrode fabrication cost. Three different Ni–Co–BH–G (Ni–Co–BH/RGO) composites are synthesised by tailoring the nickel–cobalt ratios. The flower-like 3D framework of Ni–Co–BH–G provides a porous nano-structure to facilitate the charge transfer and ion diffusion. The cathodic peak current density vs. square root of the scan rate slope values of cyclic voltammetry are consistent with specific capacitance (SC) retention (vs. current density) from charge–discharge curves and the diffusion time constant of the Nyquist plot of the Ni–Co–BH–G composites. Taking the advantage of 3D conductive mesoporous open framework, the Ni–Co–BH–G has provided an excellent SC of 2130 F g−1 at 2 A g−1. An asymmetric supercapacitor device is designed with the optimized Ni–Co–BH–G as the positive electrode and concentrated HNO3 treated conducting carbon cloth (CCN) as the negative electrode. An excellent energy density of ∼92 W h kg−1 and a high power density of ∼7.0 kW kg−1 with lifetime stability up to 10000 charge–discharge cycles (capacitance retention ∼ 80%) are provided by the asymmetric device. Four asymmetric devices have been assembled in series, which provided ∼5.6 V charge–discharge potential. The assembled system has powered a 5 V light-emitting diode (LED) successfully.


The current structural model of the Si(112)6 × 1‐Ga surface can be described as a self‐assembled array of atomic wires. The structure of this surface is investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and density functional theory. It is concluded that the current model is incorrect, and a new model is proposed. In this model, the surface is semiconducting, in contrast to the currently predicted metallic wire array.


A sinusoidal wavelength scanning interferometer with the four-step phase-shift method is demonstrated for a three-dimensional profile measurement. The interference phase-shift signal generated by the sinusoidal wavelength scanning contains information about optical path difference covering a nm-μm scale structure. The interference phase-shift signal was obtained by the four-step phase-shifting method. The sinusoidal wavelength shifting with a frequency of approximately 180 Hz and tunable range of 5.7 nm was performed by the Littman–Metcalf external resonator-type tunable laser with a center of 772.1 nm. The full-field surface profile measurement was conducted by a charge coupled device image sensor with an accuracy on a nm scale. The surface profiles of gauge blocks with a step height up to about 10  μm were successfully measured with a surface profile irregularity of 3.8×10−2  μm. The deviations of two measured surfaces of upper and lower steps were estimated to be 1.6×10−2  μm and 3.1×10−2  μm, respectively.


A late bedtime is one of the most common characteristics of sleep habits in modern society. This is also the case for schoolchildren, with negative consequences for their academic performance. Light exposure at night, particularly blue wavelength light, was thought to delay bedtime, and melatonin suppression via blue light was considered to be one of the mechanisms responsible for the delayed sleep phase.

 In the current study, we evaluated the effects of partial blue light blocking glasses (JINS Screen Lens Heavy [40%cut]) on salivary melatonin levels, sleep and circadian phase and daytime behavior (via actigraphs and questionnaires), with and without blue light blocking (JINS Standard Clean Lens) glasses in 39 male school children (ages between 10-12). The study design was a cross over design, with respective glasses worn for 3 hours before the habitual bedtime for two weeks, with a one-week washout period (with their own regular glasses) in between sessions. Saliva collections and questionnaires were performed during the first and second weeks of each session, with saliva collected -3, -2, -1, and 0 hours before the habitual bedtime. Actigraph data were collected throughout the evaluation periods.

 We found that while partial blue light blocking glasses had no effect on salivary melatonin levels, they did significantly advance the sleep phase compared to the non-filter session (bedtime: 22.03±0.08h vs. 22.1±0.1h, sleep onset: 22.26±0.08h vs. 22.36±0.10h, p= 0.04). The filter effects were most noticeable in the second week, where significant advances in bedtime (-0.12h, p=0.03), sleep onset (-0.14h, p=0.03), wake up time (-0.13h, p=0.02), and leaving-bed time (-0.14h, p=0.02) from the 1st week were observed, whereas no changes were seen during the control session (without filter). Along with the sleep phase advancement observed, daytime irritability and acting out towards siblings and friends were significantly reduced in the second week of the filter session.

 Our results suggest that partial blue light blocking glasses advanced the sleep phase and improved behavior in schoolchildren, but that the effects were not mediated by changes in melatonin secretion. Further research into the mechanisms involved is warranted.

 This study was supported by Jins Holdings Inc (SPO236998).


A paired cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky-Bogoliubov (CNSB) model is presented, which employs the same method to calculate the liquid-drop energy and moment of inertia as the unpaired cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (CNS) model. In the CNSB model, the energy minimization is carried out in the mesh of pairing gaps Delta and Fermi levels lambda as well as deformation parameters. The high spin states in Lu-161 are then investigated with the CNSB and CNS models. The terminating structure shows a striking similarity with these two models. Combining the CNSB and CNS models, a complete understanding of high spin structures, including the normal deformed (ND) and triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) bands and observed side bands in Lu-161, is achieved. It appears that the only important paired crossings are the first i(13/2) neutron crossing and the first h(11/2) proton crossing. For the description of the unpaired high spin crossings, it is important to be able to distinguish between the pseudospin partners in the proton N = 4 shell, (d(5/2), g(7/2)) and (d(3/2), s(1/2)). The yrast bands are predicted to terminate, which explains the structure of a TSD-like band X2. A band crossing at I approximate to 36.5 for the TSD band in Lu-161, unique within the chain of even-N Lu isotopes, is well described by the CNSB model. (Less)


This paper develops a bargaining model between employers and workers that is driven by asymmetric information between current employers and potential employers. The current employer and the worker have the same information regarding the worker's productivity. This information is not available to outside firms, which observe only wages. I develop a wage signaling model in which workers and employers bargain over wages, and analyze how the market learns about employed workers' skills. This model generates a semiseparating equilibrium. More able workers compensate their employers by earning lower wages in the first period in order to elicit higher future offers from outside firms. These workers' wages depend on their actual productivity. Outside firms observe wages and infer these workers' productivity. They then make offers equal to the workers' productivity and the current employer matches the offers. Less able workers for whom it is too costly to reveal ability through wages earn a wage below their productivity in all periods. I then show that this model of bargaining can generate predictions consistent with several regularities in wage patterns of managers within firms. (JEL J3, C78, D82, D83). * 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. I am grateful to John Kennan, Derek Neal, and Peter Norman for guidance and encouragement. I thank Kevin Cotter, Igal Hendel, Grigory Kosenok, Barton Lipman, Hiromi Nosaka, Canice Prendergast, Larry Samuelson, and Michael Waldman for useful comments and suggestions. I also thank the seminar participant at Carnegie-Mellon, Cornell, Emory, Georgetown, Rutgers, SITE 2002 summer workshop, Tel-Aviv University, University of Illinois-Champaign, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Wayne state, for discussions. An earlier version was circulated under the title "Intra-Firm Bargaining and Wage Dynamics: A Model of Asymmetric Learning". All remaining errors are my own.


We present an analog neural recording front-end design that can be easily interfaced with Address-Event Representation (AER) neuromorphic systems via an asynchronous digital communication channel. The proposed circuits include a low-noise amplifier for biological signals, a delta-modulator analog-to-digital converter, and a low-power bandpass filter. The bio-amplifier has a gain of 54 dB, with an Root Mean Squared (RMS) input-referred noise level of 2.1 μV, and consumes 90 μW. The bandpass filter and delta-modulator circuits include asynchronous handshaking interface logic compatible with the AER communication protocol. We describe the circuits, present experimental measurements to demonstrate their response properties and show how they can be used in conjunction with neuromorphic computing architectures to implement decoding and learning functions useful for Brain-Machince Interfaces (BMIs).


This paper illustrates how organizational factors mediate the effect of physical environment on migration. It offers evidence that 1) mild climate and nearby bodies of water have significant effects on net migration rates and 2) the nature of these effects is contingent on recreational development. The analysis is restricted to US countries classified as nonmetropolitan in 1974. Mild temperature is measured by the average January temperature divided by the difference between average June and average January temperature. The presence of water combines 1) presence of rivers lakes and seashores; and 2) the log of acres of water surface area. Several control variables are included representing economic base and spatial location. Regardless of the period considered the largest portion of the temperature effect on migration is direct; in fact the indirect effects through recreational development are slightly negative in the 2 periods. In contrast water has an indirect effect on migration. The indirect effects of water are compariable in magnitude to the direct effects in each decade. Such results support the hypothesized causal sequence in which environmental variables that are site-specific (such as water) affect net migration indirectly through recreational development. Conversely the more generalized environmental attribute (mild temperature) does not affect net migration indirectly via recreational development. Climate and bodies of water both attract migrants but not in the same way. Bodies of water are prime sites for recreational development and these sites then attract migrants. Climate however is so geographically diffuse that not all areas with mild temperatures are developed.


To review the management and clinical outcomes of uni‐ or bilateral non‐visualization of inguinal lymph nodes during dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy (DSNB) in patients diagnosed with penile cancer and clinically impalpable inguinal lymph nodes (cN0), and to develop an algorithm for the management of patients in which non‐visualization occurs.


On 23 July 1985, an unusual mesoscale storm struck the Baltic Sea coast of Sweden. Locally, more than 50 mm of precipitation fell in 12 h and mean winds exceeding 25 m s -1 were recorded. The failure of operational models to predict this storm, as well as the damage it caused (2 people were killed), raised important questions. What physical process caused this rare event? Could it be predicted with existing data, and if so, how? Diagnostic studies reveal the following features. The development took place in a very humid air mass, which possessed weak conditional stability. The synoptic-scale environment provided large relative vorticity, which helped to spin up the mesoscale vortex. Calculations show significant adiabatic forcing initially, but then latent heat release takes over as the main driving mechanism. Numerical simulations of this storm show that it can be successfully simulated with a regional model, provided that condensation and latent heat release are treated in a consistent manner. This is demonstrated, e.g., by comparing latent heating distributions in 2 different condensation schemes. The simulations, furthermore, demonstrate the crucial role of good humidity data for this type of simulations. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1990.00008.x


Keywords: Individus et societes ; Droit et technique ; Sections IN, IC, PH Reference EPFL-STUDENT-180797 Record created on 2012-08-16, modified on 2017-05-12


Testing in software engineering is a well established practice. Though the scope of testing may differ depending on the community, e.g. for some communities is a process in itself while for some other communities is a an activity or a task under verification and validation, many fundamental issues around testing are shared by all the communities. However, agile methodologies are emerging in the software engineering landscape and are changing the picture. For instance, in agile methodologies it may happen that code is written precisely to pass a test. Moreover, tests may replace the requirement specification. Therefore the concepts underlying test practice are different in conventional and agile approaches. This paper analyses these two different perspectives for testing, the conventional and the agile, and discusses some of the implications that these two different approaches may have in software engineering.


Most of the present-day process discovery methods group events with the help of case identifiers available in the event logs and use the ordering relations that exist among those events to generate process models. However, this may not be possible in many circumstances when the real-world event logs are unstructured in nature and they do not have case identifiers. In such cases, process discovery becomes challenging as it would be difficult to correlate events belonging to the same process instance. The present paper proposes a two-phase approach where the first phase involves discovering the non-overlapping sequential distinct event patterns from an unlabeled event log and the second phase deals with building a process model by establishing correct combinations of those discovered patterns. The applicability of the proposed approach has been tested by carrying out experiments on available real-world event log data.


Health cadres have a strategic role in assisting families in caring for mental patients. Increasing knowledge, attitude and behavior of health cadres is very important so that health cadres can assist family optimally. Providing health promotion is one step to increase knowledge, attitude and tendency perilka cadres in helping families whose members have mental disorders. This study aims to determine whether there is influence of health promotion to improve knowledge, attitudes and tendency to behave on the existing cadres of members of society experiencing mental disorders in Sukoharjo District. This research is a quantitative research using one-group design pre-post test design. The population of this research is 33 health cadres around the family whose family members are patient of post-pasca mental disorder in Sukoharjo regency. The sample of 33 health cadres were determined using total sampling technique. The data were collected using questionnaire instrument, while data analysis used Wilcoxon Signed rank test and Paired Sample t-test. The conclusion of the study is that there is a significant influence of health promotion on the improvement of knowledge, attitude and behavioral trends about the treatment of mental patients in mental health cadres in Sukoharjo District.


In thе article, know-how is disclosed as a specific object of intellectual property in the system of innovative management of business activity in the Russian economy. The need to analyze the place and role of know-how in the process of improving effectiveness of commercial activities of the company, as well as a number of legal and economic problems in the regulation of commercial turnover of know-how in the innovation economy of the Russian Federation have identified the set of tasks to affect the interests of a wide range of people. In particular, the state of individual executives (owners of know-how), performers, developers (creators of know-how, and employees) and users (licensees). The analysis identified the need to develop regulated and structured patterns of interaction between participants in the process commercialization of know-how in the business environment of the Russian Federation.


To detect long-term climate trends, it is essential to produce long-term and cotlsistcnt data sets from a variety of different satellite platforms With current global cloud climatology data sets. such as the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Experiment (ISCCP) or CLAVR (Clouds from Advanced Vet3., High Resolution Radiometer), one of the first processing steps is to determine whether an imager pixel is obstructed between the satellite and the surface, i.e., determine a cloud "mask." A cloud mask is essential to studies monitoring changes over ocean, hind, or snow-covered surfaces. As part of the Earth Observing System (EOS) program, a series of platforms will be flown beginning in 1997 with the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) and subsequently the EOS-AM and EOS-PM platforms in following years. The cloud imagcr on TRMM is the Visible/Infrared Sensor (VIRS). while the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer 0VIODIS) is the i,nagcr on the EOS platforms. To be useful for long term sit, dies, a


Considering that scientific texts, especially the ones written by young researchers, express dialogic relations that can assume from explicit and noticeable ways of manifestation of the other's words to the subtlest and most complex manifestation of interlacing of speech, in this work, we intend to identify, describe and interpret strategies of convocation/insertion of voices, as indexes of forms of presence of the other's words in scientific papers produced by Master's students in large area of Linguistic. The interpretative and qualitative analysis of corpus has, as theoretical base, formulations of Bakhtin Circle about dialogism and works of commentators of Circle's work, as well as works of researchers that discuss about scientific written, especially in an enunciative perspective.


Plasma temperature and electron density are two important parameters describing the characteristics of plasma. The Aluminum plasma is produced by laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy and its emission spectra are observed by a spectrometer with high resolution. Based on its discrete ultraviolet lines, pair‐line Boltzmann (PLB) approach is proposed to determine the temperature of plasma. These pair‐lines are with the same lower electronic state partially immune to self‐absorption influence. For comparison with Boltzmann two‐line method, the Al plasma is prepared at three different pulse energy levels. It is demonstrated that the accuracy of PLB is improved about three times by employing four ultraviolet pair‐lines. The electron density is estimated at different excited energy according to Stark line broadening of Al I 396.15 nm. Furthermore, the alloy of 7075‐Al is used as the sample target to generate the plasma to validate the PLB approach.


Objective To investigate the abdominal symptom,defecation symptoms,stool characteristics and subtypes of patients with irritable bowel syndrome( IBS). Methods Patients diagnosed as having IBS during January2010 and January 2013 in gastroenterology department were selected,and the patients were guided to fill in self-designed questionnaires and Bristol stool types questionnaires. General situations,abdominal symptoms,defecation symptoms,stool characteristics and subtypes of patients with IBS were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 3242 patients with IBS were involved in this study,and the ratio of male and female was 1 ︰ 1. 58; the 41-50 age group had the highest prevalence rate( 29. 73%). The percentages of abdominal pain,abdominal discomfort and abdominal pain combined with abdominal discomfort were 89. 02%,86. 92% and 75. 94%. Abnormal stool was observed in 92. 20% of IBS patients,in which the higher percentages were film or paste( 51. 33%) and dry-bulb-like stools( 40. 72%). The highest ratio of IBS was diarrhea type( 40. 83%). Conclusion The 41-50 female age group has a higher prevalence. Common symptoms are abdominal pain and abdominal discomfort,and most of the patients with IBS have abnormal stools,and the most common subtype is diarrhea type.


An objective lens device, an optical pickup device, and an optical disc driving device are provided to read three formats of recording medium and to reduce the size thereof. An objective lens device comprises a first objective lens(21), a second objective lens(22), a third objective lens(23), and a lens holder(26). The first objective lens focuses a light beam on a first optical recording medium and has a predetermined number of apertures. The second objective lens focuses a light beam on a second optical recording medium and has a predetermined number of apertures, where the number of the apertures is less than that of the first objective lens. The third objective lens gathers focuses a light beam on a third optical recording medium and has a predetermined number of the apertures where the number of the apertures is less than that of the second objective lens. The lens holder supports the first, the second, and the third objective lenses. An optical pickup device includes a light source additionally. The light source radiates a first light beam of a first wavelength, a second light beam of a second wavelength which is greater than the first wavelength, and a third light beam of a third wavelength which is greater than the second wavelength.


We describe Regular Decision Processes (RDPs) a model in between MDPs and POMDPs. Like in POMDPs, the effect of an action may depend on the entire history of actions and observations, but this dependence is restricted to regular functions only. This makes RDP a tractable, yet rich model, that does not hypothesize hidden state, and could possibly be useful for learning dynamic systems.


In 1983 Moira Gatens published 'A Critique of the Sex/Gender Distinction' (hereafter, 'Critique'). Subsequently reprinted in a variety of feminist anthologies andin her own Imaginary Bodies, this article questioned the uncritical adoption of'gender' as the preferred conceptual category of feminist analysis. Whilst scholars were eagerly abandoning discussions of sexual difference, Gatens sought tointerrogate this move. At the time, 'gender' (following Robert Stoller) was seento have "psychological and cultural rather than biological connotations," and wasthought to have deep explanatory power by extension, providing the best avenuefor understanding women's oppression.


Traditional epidemic models of communicable diseases focus on the temporal dimension. We propose a framework for the epidemic forest approach to spatializing epidemic modeling. An epidemic forest is formed by epidemic trees, each using the tree structure to represent an epidemic starting from a primary case. Each node on the tree represents an individual case, and each link represents a parent–child transmission linkage and can be modeled with the spatiotemporal and other information about the cases. Structural, spatiotemporal, and epidemiological information can be extracted from constructed trees to characterize the epidemic they represent and to correspond to environmental data. When multiple primary cases can be determined, the forest is ready to build. We applied this method to the 2013 dengue fever epidemic in Guangzhou City, China. With the constructed forest, we particularly calculated the case reproduction ratio (Rt), an index widely used for characterizing epidemics, at the global, tree-wise, and pixel-wise scales. We further calculated correlation coefficients between these Rts and climate variables. Rts at different scales, as well as their associations with climate variables, offer information at different levels that is all important in epidemiological studies and disease control practices. Through this study, we explored and demonstrated how to spatialize epidemic modeling, what information can be extracted from this spatialization, and then how to use the extracted information. We also point out that spatialization of Rt is the essential process of mapping a communicable disease, corresponding to the spatialization of incidence or prevalence in mapping a chronic disease.


High-T/sub c/ superconducting bulk has been used for magnetic levitation systems such as a flywheel energy storage system and noncontact transport system. We have been investigating the electromagnetic behavior of high temperature superconductor (HTS) bulks to realize a X-Y (two-dimensional) magnetic levitating transporter without any fixed guides. We have investigated qualitatively the characteristics of the lift and the restoring force of an YBCO bulk under various field-cooling conditions and permanent-magnet arrangements. In this paper, we evaluate the most suitable four-permanent-magnet arrangement through lift and restoring force measurements and numerical analysis by the finite element method (FEM) using the current vector potential.


Access to profitable markets is perhaps the single most influential factor in determining the viability of the agricultural sector. It is a crucial factor for small farms which have historically had limited access to viable and profitable markets, usually marketing their products right out of the field through peddling and individual sales. These weaknesses of business can be overcome through participation in cooperative marketing. The aim of the article is to determine benefits and constraints of cooperative marketing in farms from Smolyan district. Farmers can achieve three types of benefits from participation in cooperative marketing: 1) better market information; 2) access to profitable market; 3) higher profit. These benefits are considered as results of direct contact with consumers. There will not be used external intermediaries. Some constraints restrain farmers to participate in forms of cooperative marketing. Farmers have doubts about management of the process and co-ordination between independent farmers.


Objective To investigate the occurrence and distribution characteristics of pathogenic fungi causing superficial mycosis in a hospital.Methods Specimens from patients suspected of superficial mycosis were conducted direct microscope examination,cultivation and pathogenic identification.Results Among 398 cases of suspected superficial mycosis,the positive rate of fungi was 51.01%(n=203)by direct microscopy and 59.55%(n=237)by fungi cultivation,positive rate of microscope examination was significantly lower than cultivation(χ2=6.057,P=0.014).Of 237 patients with confirmed diagnosis of superficial mycosis,100(42.19%)were children and 137(57.81%)were adults;109 cases(45.99%)were diagnosed with tinea of feet and hands,89(37.55%)tinea capitis,26(10.97%)tinea corporis,and 13(5.48%)tinea unguium.The major fungi from children was Microsporum canis(49.00%),and from adults was Trichophyton rubrum(45.99%).Conclusion The most common superficial mycosis in this hospital is tinea of feet and hands,and the major fungi are Trichophyton rubrumand Microsporum canis,the species causing mycosis in adults and children are different.


Objective To investigate the TORCH infection situation in pregnant women of Kunming area.Methods We sampled the blood of 5 219 pregnant women who took the routine gestational examine in outpatient department from 2005 May to 2007 June.We used Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay(ELISA)to detect IgM antibodies of TORCH.Results First,the positive rates were as follows:TOX、CMV、RUV、HSV-I and HSV-Ⅱis 2.04%,1.89%,0.97%,0.78%,0.32%.Second,through the investigation,we found that, from May to July,the rate of TOX and CMV infections were higher than any other periods of the year;from November to January of next year,the rate of RUV and HSV-I infections were higher than those of any other periods of the year;the infection rate of HSV-Ⅱ almost had no difference between any periods of the year.Conclusion Women should avoid the first trimester of gestation during the above period,which the rate of TORCH infections are high.These women should take the examination of TORCH-IgM before the pregnancy to achieve the eugenic.


We show that the spine of the Fleming-Viot process driven by Brownian motion in a bounded Lipschitz domain with Lipschitz constant less than 1 converges to Brownian motion conditioned to stay in the domain forever.


vii About the Author ix Acronyms and Abbreviations xi Preface xv 1. Relevance, Theory and Practice of Force Projection for Australia's 1 Defence 2. Australian Force Projection 1885–1985 11 3. Lead Up to Operation Morris Dance 23 4. Responses to Crisis 31 5. Lessons and Observations 45 6. Lead-Up to Operation Lagoon 53 7. Conduct and Aftermath of Operation Lagoon 71 8. Search for Joint Command and Control 85 9. Lead Up to Operation Bel Isi 93 10. Challenges during the first 12 months 109 11. Projection to East Timor 127 12. Reflections and Observations 155


GqyaV?c) N the material which follows, we first assess, qualitatively and speculatively, the future context-political, ! socal, and economtic which wcarvep r will shape New York City health and medical care programs and poliaes. After identifying salient forces which have an imZQe* S pact on the medical care system, we focus on the regulatory role of government-its history and record-as a tool in dealing with issues of escalating costs and of resource distribution. Finally we look at other options or roles that govemment might assume in seeking to contain health care costs and assure a more equitable distribution of services to all New York City residents. One does not need a crystal ball to forecast a continuing national and local climate of economic stringency for the near future, and perhaps for the long term as well. We are currently nearing, or are in the midst of, a recession, we are told, the fourth since the end of World War II, and though these cyclical downturns in our national economy do recede over time, we are, as a nation, left with certain residuals: higher rates of unemployment; higher rates of inflation; and lower and slower rates of economic recuperation and growth. The cities and states of the Northeast, indeed all of the older sections of our country, have found themselves with a decreasingly lucrative local tax base and declining avenues to open new or to expand existing revenue-generating sources for the financing of social programs. For New York City, and perhaps other metropolitan centers as well, the fiscal "action" has centered increasingly in Albany and Washington, locales and centers of government with wider legislative tax mandates to generate needed funds. Barring any unforeseen events which could drastica ly and quickly prime our national and local economic pumps, there is no evidence to suggest


The main task of the future Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment (CBM), to be operated at the FAIR facility at GSI, Darmstadt, is the exploration of the properties of super-dense nuclear matter. The search for in-medium modifications of hadrons, the study of the transition from dense hadronic matter to quark-gluon matter, and the possible location of a critical endpoint in the QCD phase diagram of strongly interacting matter are the most important physics goals of CBM. Detailed measurements of di-leptons stemming from low-mass vector-mesons and charmonium have a large potential to shed light on the existence of such effects. The Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector of the CBM experiment aims at a clean and efficient electron identification. It is foreseen to use CO2 as radiator gas and equip the detector with a focussing mirror system and multi-anode photomultiplier tubes as photon detector. In this paper we present selected results of R&D studies and beam test measurements of the detector prototype performed in fall 2011 and 2012 at the CERN/PS with a mixed electron-pion beam.


Background: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are prevalent and the impact is pervasive across a wide spectrum of occupations, as is evident from numerous studies conducted across the globe. However, there are very few studies that document the prevalence of MSDs in India, and there are hardly any studies that focus on the country's farming community, which constitutes more than 58 percent of the Indian work force. Thus in the present study an attempt has been made to analyze the prevalence of MSDs in farmers of Kanpur-Rural, India. Methods: A sample of 300 farmers of Kanpur rural district, aged between 20-70 years, was selected. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire to measure the musculoskeletal disorders was given to all the farmers. Results: Descriptive analysis of data identified four most common musculoskeletal disorders affecting the farmers of Kanpur-Rural: lower back pain (60%); knee pain (39%), shoulder pain (22%), and neck pain (10%); and a higher percentage of respondents indicated chronic affection persisting nearly a year as compared to those who were afflicted for around a week. Conclusion: Finding of the present study shows that yearly prevalence of MSDs in farmers of Kanpur-Rural, India is alarmingly high and it suggests that nearly 60 percent of Indian cultivators could be afflicted by this disease, which urgently needs to be corroborated by similar studies at the national level. Low back pain is the most prevalent type of MSDs affecting the famers. Knee, shoulder and neck pain are other important MSDs affecting farmers in the study area. Observations made during the present study suggest that poor postures and lack of ergonomic awareness in the farming community are the two principal causative factors contributing to the development of MSDs.


+Sirimamilla, P A; Furmanski, J; Rimnac, C M +Musculoskeletal Mechanics and Materials Lab, Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH firstname.lastname@example.com INTRODUCTION: Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been successfully used as a bearing material in total joint arthroplasty for the last 4 decades [1] but about 5%-10% of the implants undergo revision surgery in the first 10 years of implantation [2]. Crack initiation from a stress-concentration design feature (e.g., a sharp corner of a locking mechanism on an acetabular component) has been observed to lead to catastrophic failure in-vivo [3]. Therefore, it is important to understand crack initiation from clinically relevant notches to mitigate the risk of component fracture. UHMWPE is a semicrystalline polymer and little is known about the physical mechanisms governing crack tip phenomena. A recent study [4] used a video analysis approach to observe crack initiation, but the study did not investigate the mechanism of crack initiation and employed a razor-sharpened flaw. The objective of this study was to investigate the time-evolving process of crack initiation in UHMWPE occurring at a clinically relevant notch and to quantify the crack initiation time and propagation velocity in two formulations of crosslinked UHMWPE under quasistatic loading.


We presented a vircator with conical ballistic focusing and carried out the PIC simulation of the dynamics of electrons in it. It is shown that the virtual cathode has the shape of a curvilinear figure of rotation. It was found that the oscillations in the vircator are resonant at a single frequency. The dependence of the vircator oscillation frequency of the current beam was calculated. The oscillation frequency monotonically increases from 2 to 6 GHz with the increase in the current beam from 10 to 50 kA, but the average power of microwave radiation grows nonmonotonically.


The patient was an army major who, at the age of 90, had long since retired from her military nursing career. Her independence was restricted because of increasing difficulty with shoulder movements. Simple activities like washing and everyday tasks such as cooking and cleaning were becoming painful.

Clinical and radiological examination revealed bilateral rotator cuff arthropathy. For her age she was in particularly good health, and we offered her a shoulder arthroscopy. She was intrigued by the concept of "keyhole surgery" and the advances of modern orthopaedic surgery. She began to indulge in …


The principle of calculating static mechanics using dynamic relaxation method is interpreted,and the effect of Rayleigh damp on calculation is analyzed.Then a new method on value adoption of mass damp and rigidity damp is put forward.This method can avoid surging and being over molded of calculation.At last,analysis for comparison is done by an example to prove the rationality of value adoption of Rayleigh damp in this paper.


This paper outlines a theory of case which assumes that case is not a unitary phenomenon, but has three components, licensing distinct properties of verbal NP arguments. These are: thematic case (t-case), which licenses the theta-role of the NP, abstract case (a-case), which licenses a lexical subject, and semantic case (s-case), which licenses presupposed interpretation of an NP. We present arguments for the s-case component. We show that Icelandic and German have argument positions, reserved for the subject and object respectively, which force these arguments to be interpreted as presupposed, and that these positions are distinct from the argument position from the positions which license arguments whose existence is asserted in the clause. The following generalization accounts for the overt position of presupposed arguments in both languages: An NP must get s0vase in a structural position which c-commands the maximal projection of the head or heads which assign the other components of case needed by that NP.


the cauldron of ethnicity in the modern world is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the the cauldron of ethnicity in the modern world is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Two main methods of resolving problems related to the identification of dynamic models are known. The first method can be used when there is sufficient data of the modeled system and when the application of a statistical hypothesis is allowed. The other method can be used when no serious base to apply statistical hypothesis exists. In the latter, the problem of identification becomes a problem of adjusting parameters to the model and data observed. Two algorithms of such adjusting parameters are presented in this paper. One algorithm is based on particular characteristic of the preypredador system. In this case the average values of prey and predators, during a certain period, are equal for ali solutions. The other algorithm reduces the identification problem to the resolution of a linear algebraic equation system, where the number of equations is greater than the number of variables. The proposed algorithms were used to analyze the population of soybean caterpillars (Anticarsia gemmatalis) and it's natural enemies, living togather, in a prey-predator system. The results show that a good approximation between parameters of model and observed data occured.


BACKGROUND: Purification and characterization of a novel protease produced by Bacillus sp. RKY3, has been investigated, with special emphasis on the stability of the enzyme in the presence of different oxidizing and reducing agents as well as organic solvents. The enzyme was purified in two steps through concentration of the crude enzyme by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by anion exchange chromatography.

RESULTS: The purified protease had a molecular mass of approximately 38 kDa, which was highly active over a broad range of pH between 7.0 and 9.0 and was also stable over a wide pH range from 5.0 to 11.0. Although the optimum temperature for enzyme activity was found to be 60 °C, it was rapidly deactivated at temperatures above 60 °C. It also showed good stability at 50 °C, with a 70 min half-life. Ca2+ ions did not greatly enhance the activity or the stability of the enzyme. PMSF (1 mmol L−1) completely inhibited the protease activity, and thus the purified protease was considered to be serine protease. The purified protease was stable with oxidants (H2O2, 2%), reducing agents (sodium dodecyl sulfate, 2%), and organic solvents (25%) such as benzene, hexane, and toluene.

CONCLUSION: The purified enzyme, protease, seems to possess potential applications in protease-based detergent and bleaching industries. The enzymatic activity against a wide variety of substrates suggests that the purified enzyme should be investigated for a range of commercial applications, especially for soy protein and gelatin hydrolysis in the food processing industry. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry


To improve the generalization performance of RBF networks, samples having been divided into a training set and an evaluating set, a novel training algorithm is proposed for adjusting the width of the center point set based on the standard deviation of evaluating set error. Simulation results show this method is effective in improving the generalization performance of RBF networks. The performance of generalization of a RBF network can be remarkably improved by using this training method.


An efficient Cu-CuFe 2 O 4 nanoparticle-catalyzed protodeboronation strategy has been developed for the chemoselective 1,4-reduction of α , β , γ , δ -unsaturated ketones, carboxylic ester and cyano-ester. This protocol has the advantageous of the use of alcohol as hydrogen source and solvent, low catalyst loading (0.5 mol%), and excellent catalyst recyclability. Addition-ally, the Cu-CuFe 2 O 4 catalyst has shown excellent performance in gram-scale reactions. Furthermore, the catalytic mechanism has also been discussed. The reactivity of ( E )- γ , δ -unsaturated carbonyl products, an important class of γ , δ -unsaturated alkenes, enables easy access to 3-buten-1-ols, 3-buten-1-amines, γ -keto acids, cyclic ethers, and cyclic nitrones.


Confocal laser scanning microscopy has been previously applied to the study of protein uptake in porous chromatography resins. This method requires labeling the protein with a fluorescent probe. The labeled protein is then diluted with a large quantity of native protein so that the fluorescence intensity is a linear function of the labeled protein concentration. Ideally, the attachment of a fluorescent probe should not affect the affinity of the protein for the stationary phase; however, recent experimental work has shown that this assumption is difficult to satisfy. In the present study, we present a mathematical model of protein diffusion and adsorption in a single adsorbent particle. The differences in adsorption behavior of labeled and native protein are accounted for by treating the system as a two‐component system (labeled and native protein) described by the steric mass action isotherm (SMA). SMA parameters are regressed from experimental linear gradient elution data for lysozyme and lysozyme‐dye conjugates (for the fluorescent dyes Cy3, Cy5, Bodipy FL, and Atto635). When the regressed parameters are employed in the model, an overshoot in the labeled lysozyme concentration is predicted for Cy5‐ and Bodipy‐labeled lysozyme, but not for Atto635‐labeled lysozyme. The model predictions agree qualitatively well with recent work showing the dependence of the concentration overshoot on the identity of the attached dye and provide further evidence that the overshoot is likely caused by the change of binding characteristics due to the fluorescent label. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


To achieve higher efficiencies in organic solar cells, ideally the open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF) as well as the short current density (JSC) have to be further improved. However, only a few suitable acceptor molecules, e.g. C60, are currently available for the photoactive layer. Despite a good electron mobility on the order of 1×10-3 cm2/Vs the absorption of C60 in the visible sun spectrum is low. From polymer based solar cells it is known that the fullerene derivative [70]PCBM used in the photoactive layer shows a significant enhancement in JSC compared to [60]PCBM. This work investigates the application of fullerene C70 as acceptor in comparison to the well known C60 in vacuum processed small molecule solar cells. C70 shows a broadened and red shifted absorption (abs. maximum around 500 nm) compared to C60. By fabricating p-i-i solar cells we show that the stronger absorption of C70 leads to enhanced photon harvesting and increased external quantum efficiency. The bulk heterojunction p-i-i solar cell containing C70 as acceptor and ZnPc as donor, co-evaporated with an optimized ratio of 2:1, and a layer thickness of 30 nm shows improved solar cell parameters: a 30% larger photocurrent of 10.1 mA/cm2 is obtained. The VOC of 0.56 V and FF of 55% remain comparable to C60-containing p-i-i solar cells. Therefore, the solar cell performance is mainly improved by JSC and leads to a mismatch corrected power conversion efficiency of 3.12%. Thus, we show that C70 is an alternative fullerene to C60 for solar cell applications.


Autofocusing is a very important aspect in modern DSLR photography where gradient analysis based passive autofocusing is very popular due to its simplicity and efficiency trade-off. However, the existing colour information based gradient analysis techniques do not harness all the available information in an image over multiple colour domains and over multiple inter-pixel distance values considered in gradient calculation. This paper proposes three improvements to harness this additional information, resulting in a better contrast between the focus values considered when finding the maximum focus point. Testing results on sample images verify the additional efficiency in the proposed algorithm compared to existing algorithms.


The present disclosure generally relates to retroreflective elements including a core and a plurality of glass or glass-ceramic beads adjacent to the core. The retroreflective elements further include a plurality of particles having a diameter that is less than the diameter of the glass or glass ceramic beads in the retroreflective elements. The present disclosure also generally relates to articles (including, for example, retroreflective roadway liquid pavement markings) including these retroreflective elements and methods of making and using these retroreflective elements.


Femtocells can be easily deployed in macrocell LTE network without requiring a centralized planning to provide high data rate connectivity with a limited coverage. Femtocell is low-power, very small and cost effective cellular based station used in indoor environment. Femtocell and Macrocell share same frequency band which cause destructive interference. In order to maintain reliable service of macro-cells, it is most important to mitigate destructive femto to macro interference. Frequency Reuse (FR) is an effort of manipulating the frequency resource allocation upon terminal's location to improve system throughput. In this paper, an efficient method to improve system capacity through interference management in the existing Femto-Macro two tier networks has been proposed. In the proposed scheme, femtocell user will be allocated frequency instantly as it is required. This will also improve system throughput which will effectively control interference between macrocells and femtocells.


The purpose of this study was to establish minimum clinically important difference (MCID) scores for the Swedish Self‐Evaluation of Communication Experiences after Laryngeal Cancer (S‐SECEL) in order to facilitate clinical interpretation and identify cutoff values for voice rehabilitation.


The necessity of utilizing biodegradable and naturally sourced materials is rising all over the world. The preferred composite today are mostly sustainable but compatibility issues between the matrix and fiber still requires further investigation. The study presents development of Jute fiber (JF) reinforced Polylactic acid (PLA) composite with Fusabond (FB) as an interfacial modifier by using extrusion. The addition of interfacial modifier enhanced the thermomechanical and thermochemical properties of resultant composite. The improvement in elastic modulus and tensile strength is evident when 30%JF with 3%FB was utilized. The DMA result shows that the addition of Fusabond as interfacial modifier in jute fiber reinforced polylactic acid composite improves the storage modulus and enhances the toughness by reducing tanδ peak. Furthermore, SEM micrograph demonstrates the improvement in interfacial suitability between jute fiber and polylactic acid matrix when Fusabond is added. The X-ray tomography result shows when jute fiber content is 30% in PLA matrix higher degree of anisotropy is achieved which is 29%.


In this Article, we report the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly and electrochromic properties of polyaniline-tethered cubic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-PANI)/sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI) multilayer thin films. The interaction between POSS-PANI and SPANI is characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet−visible-near-infrared spectroscopy, and four-point probe conductivity. We show that the inclusion of SPANI during LbL assembly effectively dopes the underlying POSS-PANI layer and extends the conjugation length, as evidenced by probing the surface layers with XPS. We also demonstrate that the POSS-PANI/SPANI multilayer films have more electroactive units, lower band gap energies, and higher electrical conductivity values compared to those of POSS-PANI/poly(2-acrylamido-methane-2-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and spin-coated SPANI films. Under constant applied potentials, a 50 bilayer film of POSS-PANI/SPANI, (POSS-PANI/SPANI)50, shows significant enhancement in optical...


This paper surveys the conventional theoretical approaches to the Japanese distribution system, now subject to a great deal of controversy, identifies their shortcomings, and proposes an alternative, more comprehensive approach. In particular, the paper focuses on two points at issue concerning the distribution system, namely, the distributive structure and trade practices, examining how these are perceived by traditional schools of commercial scientists and by a newer breed of applied microeconomists who are gaining influence. A more accurate picture of the system should emerge when it is analyzed empirically from a perspective that is both historically conscious and mindful of strategic actions taken by different players in it; in other words, the perspective of business history.


Anyone who has wandered the streets of Melbourne's southeastern suburbs like Elwood, Elsternwick, Armadale and Caulfield will be aware of the influence that 2, 3 and 4 storey brick walk-up flats emanating from 1960s have had on the look and feel of the area. These developments; often referred to as six-packs (given the typical pattern of 6 units across 3 storeys - but often accommodating 12 or even 24 units) sprung up in the boom of the 1960s supported by demand for apartments by post-war immigrants. Where slum clearances were paving the way for high rise public housing in the inner city, more modest private blocks of units emerged on almost any large (or amalgamated) suburban lot in the south-east and elsewhere around the middle ring.


Methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums for providing and/or processing non-closed caption data are provided. The reception apparatus includes a receiver, a parser, and a processor. The receiver receives closed caption service data. The closed caption service data includes closed caption data within a first service block having a service number in the range of 1-6, and non-closed caption data within a second service block having a different service number in the range of 1 -6. The closed caption data includes closed caption text. The parser parses the non-closed caption data within the second service block having the different service number in the range of 1-6. The processor performs a function based on the parsed non-closed caption data.


Arsenic, a naturally-occurring toxic element, and a traditionally-used drug, has caught a great deal of attention from worldwide people due to its curable anti-cancer effect in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Among the arsenicals, arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been the most widely used anti-cancer drug. Recent advances in cancer therapeutics have led to a paradigm shift away from the traditional cytotoxic drugs towards the targeting of proteins closely associated with driving the cancer phenotype. Due to the diverse anti-cancer effects of ATO on different types of malignancies, numerous studies have made effort to uncover the underlying ATO-induced tumor suppressive effect. From in vitro cellular model to clinical settings, ATO has been extensively studied and the outcomes of studies have opened a door to establish improved molecular-targeted therapy for the treatment of cancer. The efficacy of ATO has been further augmented by the combination with other drugs. In this review, we discuss the recent arsenic-based therapies to treat cancer and summarize the novel underlying molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer effects of ATO.


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Coordinating research studies is multifaceted and requires a foundational level of research knowledge, skills and abilities in order to contribute to high-quality, ethical research projects that adhere to local and federal regulations as well as Good Clinical Practice. Oftentimes, coordinators who are new to research or new to an institution have trouble navigating the research landscape. Departments within the University of Minnesota have limited resources to devote to developing robust training programs above and beyond protocol or department-specific training. Therefore, UMN's CTSI created a comprehensive training and support program for research professionals at the University of Minnesota. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: CTSI employs several strategies to provide a comprehensive training program for the University of Minnesota Research Workforce. The offerings are based on the The Joint Task Force for Clinical Trial Competency (JTF). In addition to training programs, valuable resources, materials, and connections are provided to trainees. An Onboarding process for new coordinators that includes a welcome email upon hire that provides resources as well an opportunity to meet face-to-face to get their questions answered about where to start with research training. Foundations for Research professionals, two week (20 hour) training program, provides a foundational level of knowledge to new coordinators via in-person and online training modules. Informed Consent 1 & 2 provides in-person training on the informed consent including the process, documentation, and ethical issues around consenting vulnerable populations. Over 40 on-line research training modules that coordinators can take at anytime. An active list serv that connects >600 research professionals with training updates and opportunities. Bi-weekly seminar series that provides a forum to share current regulations, best practices, resources, and guidelines pertaining to clinical research at the University. An online training "Roadmap" tool that customizes individual research training plans, and includes an inventory of training available. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 218 research professionals participated in our Foundations blended training program with 191 completing (88% completion rate) the entire training. A comprehensive assessment based on national competencies is completed by all participants at Baseline and Post training. Baseline scores average at 75% and Post scores average at 82% (7% increase). Satisfaction is measured and participants are overall satisfied with the training, 4 out of 5 on a Likert Scale. 353 research professionals have participated in our Informed Consent Session 1 & 2 in-person training. Satisfaction is measured and participants are overall satisfied with the training, 4.5 out of 5 on a Likert Scale. Over 190 research professionals have utilized our research on-line training modules. Training participants have been from 27 different departments across the University. The Clinical Research Professional Development Seminar Series has offered over 87 seminars with 4907 total attendees. These seminars are offered in-person and live stream. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Establishing a comprehensive training program at the University has streamlined the training that research professionals receive across departments. It also ensures that all coordinators have access to research training, a network of other research professionals, resources, and continuing education opportunities.


The environments of sedimentation and their relations to the geochemical studies, of the Onnagawa and the Funakawa formations (Tertiary age) which are major petroleum source beds in Japan are discussed and the auther's opnion that the Onnagawa formation consists of the characteristic sediments of the "flysch" type is presented in this paper.


Already in ancient times, people dreamt of becoming creators, and nowadays they are approaching this dream in small but impressive steps. In fiction, the goal of creating an artificial human has already been achieved. Additionally, as a mirror of society, the medium of film offers the opportunity to address current questions and problems of humanity. This paper raises the question of how artificial agents are depicted in over 30 years of film history from 1990 to 2021, and it explores roboethics through the lens of movies, focusing on social humanoid robots.


We have discovered strong gravitational lensing features in the core of the nearby cluster Abell 3827 by analyzing Gemini South GMOS images. The most prominent strong lensing feature is a highly magnified, ring-shaped configuration of four images around the central cD galaxy. GMOS spectroscopic analysis puts this source at z ∼ 0.2. Located ∼20″ away from the central galaxy is a secondary tangential arc feature which has been identified as a background galaxy with z ∼ 0.4. We have modeled the gravitational potential of the cluster core, taking into account the mass from the cluster, the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG), and other galaxies. We derive a total mass of (2.7 ±  0.4) × 1013 M☉ within 37 h−1 kpc. This mass is an order of magnitude larger than that derived from X-ray observations. The total mass derived from lensing data suggests that the BCG in this cluster is perhaps the most massive galaxy in the nearby universe.


Abstract A Sierpiński number is a positive odd integer k such that k · 2 n + 1 is composite for all n > 0. It has been shown by Filaseta et al. [J. Number Theory 128: 1916–1940, 2008] that given any integer R > 0, there are integers k for which k, k 2, k 3, . . . , kR are each Sierpiński numbers. In this paper we seek to generalize this to bases other than 2.


The United Kingdom has very significant wind energy resources. In particular, the winds offshore could supply a major proportion of the nation's electricity requirements. Yet current offshore wind construction projects are progressing slowly. Over the next two decades, it is argued that Britain should adopt a much more ambitious programme to install many thousands of megawatts of offshore generating capacity by means of a public-private partnership, following the successful example of the offshore oil and gas industries of the 1970s and 1980s. By 2024, offshore wind could be contributing some 25% of UK electricity.


The number of children and adolescents using prescription medications is continually climbing. The preceding articles have offered discussions on a multitude of areas within this subject matter. This article will serve to summarize some of those points raised with particular emphasis on where we go from here in terms of training and professional practice. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Background: Organophosphate (OP) insectide poisoning results from occupational, accidental and intentional exposure. The mortality rate of OP poisoning is high. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is often lifesaving. Methods: This study "Intensive care management of organophosphorous poisoning in Govt. medical college Srinagar (Sgr) hospital was a prospective one and was conducted over a period of two. All the patients with a provisional diagnosis of Organophosphorous poisoning who reported to the medical casualty and intensive care unit of SMHS hospital Sgr were included in this study. Results: Out of a total of 1258 Organophosphorous poisoning cases, males were (34.5%) and females were (65.5%). Suicidal mode of poisoning was most common in our patients and constituted 63.20%. Out of 254 Organophosphorous poisoned patients admitted in ICU, 184 survived and 70 expired. Therefore, mortality rate for Organophosphorous poisoned patients who needed mechanical ventilation was 27.55. Conclusions: OP poisoning is a serious problem in Kashmir Valley. Efforts should be directed towards rapid diagnosis and management of this condition. Additionally, close intensive monitoring of these patients for early recognition of respiratory failure which is one of the serious complication of OP poisoning with intensive care support will help in decreasing the mortality rate in these patients.


The goal of this research will be to study the feasibility of fusion plasma heating using ultra-short high intensity electron beam by dissipating the energy of excited wakes either in linear or nonlinear regimes.


We have read with great interest the two articles by Dousset et al reporting on the use of ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIO) to detect macrophage activity in a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) [(1, 2)][1]. Iron oxides have now proved to be extremely sensitive


A quantitative evaluation of structural shifts in the production of major types of livestock products by the land users of the RF Far East is presented. It is proved that farm enterprises are the most perspective category of livestock products commodity producers in the region.


By cloning and sequence analysis of copper/zine superoxide dismutase(Cu/Zn-SOD),manganese superoxide dismutase(Mn-SOD) and inducible nitric synthase(iNOS) cDNA in bursal of Hy-line brown roosters,distribution and constitution of gene of the oxidant/antioxidant enzymes in bursal were studied.It was the basis for oxidant/antioxidant mechanism of infectious bursal disease and bursal-related disease.The results showed that there were two base changed in Cu/Zn-SOD cDNA and Mn-SOD cDNA,but the sequence of iNOS cDNA was as the same as GGU46504 published in GenBank.There were Cu/Zn-SOD,Mn-SOD and iNOS related with oxidant/anioxidant mechanism in the bursal of Hy-line brown roosters,and there were some new characteristics in Cu/Zn-SOD cDNA and Mn-SOD cDNA,and there was iNOS in bursal of Hy-line brown roosters stably;it was possible that Hy-line brown roosters and Cornell K-strain chicken had the same genetic background.


In this paper an expression is derived for calculating the average conductivity of a diffused layer in semiconductor material as a function of the surface concentration of the diffused impurity and the background impurity concentration. Curves are presented depicting the relationship among these parameters for the case of germanium. Included are curves for both diffused impurity types for the complementary error function, gaussian, exponential and linear impurity distributions.


In the present work the deposition of titanium layers using a planar-magnetron sputtering system is performed. To optimize the sputtering process and to improve the layer quality the plasma has been monitored in front of the target and near the substrate. The plasma was studied by means of Langmuir-probe diagnostics and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The internal plasma parameters (n e , k B T e ) and the relative power dependence of the neutral densities (n Ti ) at the target as well as at the substrate have been determined as functions of discharge power and pressure. It was found that the plasma densities increase with power and pressure and reach a maximum at a certain gas pressure (0.8 Pa) connected with a maximum of the energy influx and a maximum of the mass density of the deposited films.


Speech Delivered by Professor William Otoo Ellis, Vice-Chancellor of KNUST at the Ghana Employers' Association Chief Executives' Breakfast Meeting as the Guest Speaker on 27th April, 2011 on the theme "Forging Industry-Academia Collaboration For Skills Development"


One of the perspective tendencies of development of information measuring systems is applying the sensors of physical magnitudes on basis of quartz resonators (QR) of special type, the stimulation of piezoelement in which is accomplished in the vacuum or filled with dielectric gap. The changes of geometry (modulation) of the gap between piezoelement and electrode (electrodes) of quartz resonator leads to the shift of personal resonance frequencies of QR, as well as the oscillatory system in general, the part of which it is. Despite some substantial advantages of presented way of QR control, piezoresonance sensors (PRS) of given type were not widely used, which, to the authors' opinion, is caused by inappropriate study of theoretical and practical material of construction of PRS of given type. The material of present chapter fills in the gap in the study.


Abstract. Species richness in the seas has been underestimated due to the combined challenges presented by the taxonomic impediment, delimitation of species, preponderance of cryptic species, and uneven sampling effort. The mismatch between actual and estimated diversity varies by region and by taxon, leaving open questions such as: are hotspots for well-known taxa also hotspots for poorly known taxa? We address these challenges and this question for shallow-water scyphozoan jellyfishes in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP). We increased sampling effort at 34 coastal locations along the TEP, and combined analyses of four molecular markers and up to 53 morphological characters. We applied phylogenetic analyses under Bayesian and maximum likelihood frameworks, barcoding, and statistical multivariate analyses of morphological data to estimate species richness. Where only five Discomedusae were reported previously, we found a total of 25 species. Of these, 22 species are new to science, two are non-indigenous, and one is a previous record; the other four prior records had been misidentified. The new discoveries evince the need to evaluate the evolutionary relationships with neighbouring regions to understand fully the origins of jellyfish diversity in the TEP and will lead to revision of the systematics and taxonomy of Scyphozoa.


MARRIAGE L IBERORUM PROCREANDORUM CAUSA IN ROMAN LAW Summary One of the chief purposes of the Roman institution of matrimony was procreation ( liberorum procreandorum causa ). There are numerous references in the sources to the institution of matrimony commending those citizens who marry in order to beget children. They are said to be living as Nature intended, since procreation secures the continuance of the family and tribe, especially as regards the passing down of the family name and estate to its heirs, and the guarantee that the religious rites ( sacra familiaria and sacra gentilicia ) will continue to be performed. Such observations were an expression of concern for the future of the Roman family. Marriage for the purpose of begetting progeny was regarded as sacrosanct, a religious duty: uxorem liberorum quaerundum causa ducere religiosum est . However, this applied only to children born of a iustum matrimonium – born in lawful wedlock to a couple who had entered an "approved marriage." Roman citizens were encouraged and urged by the kings under the Monarchy, and even compelled by the censors, to marry and procreate. Augustus introduced legislation granting privileges to citizens who married, and special rights to families with a large number of children.


Ground simulation of spacecraft motion simulating all six degrees of freedom is a challenging problem due to several features of the natural dynamics in space that are dicult to reproduce on ground. Unlike terrestrial (aerial, land or underwater) vehicles, space vehicles have an overwhelmingly large percentage of their total energy in their translational motion. Dynamical coupling between the translational and rotational degrees of freedom can significantly aect the attitude motion of spacecraft. The attitude motion is particularly important for a spacecraft tasked to autonomously rendezvous and capture or dock with a target object in space. Here we present a ground simulator design for 6 DOF simulation of spacecraft engaged in autonomous rendezvous and proximity operation(ARPO) with an unaided target space object. These operations are very risky and dicult to carry out in space, since the target's motion is not well known in advance. Ground simulation using 6 DOF motion simulation capabilities can help reduce the risk of actual on-orbit ARPO missions. The novel design "Autonomous Rendezvous and Proximity Operation ground Simulator (ARPOS)" presented here mimics all the six DOFs of rigid spacecraft with high fidelity. ARPOS has the advantage of linear and spherical air bearings to reproduce the near frictionless environment of an actual spacecraft in space.


A skeleton structure, consisting of titania cylinders connecting the tetrahedral and octahedral voids among the close-packed spheres of an opal template, was prepared by using an intra-template condensation process of titania among close-packed monodispersed polystyrene particles with a size of 270 nm. Theoretical calculations show that this kind of structure can exhibit a novel band gap in a lower frequency range than known inverse opals and even two complete band gaps. The realization of the titania skeleton is regarded as the first step toward a qualitative band structure tuning for inverse opals.


Anniversaries offer the opportunity to consider the past as an active interlocutor with the present and the future. For the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, this means highlighting people, events, objects, and ideas in a rich institutional history to bring the collective memory of seventy-five years into sharper focus for design practice today and tomorrow. Attempting a comprehensive account of the institution would run the risk of homogenizing a history characterized so consistently by heterogeneity and multiplicity. Instead, this book employs an episodic approach, framing selected moments as journalistic dispatches from the past. These reports are grouped within paired themes: Design as Research/Design as Critique, City as Practice/City as Form, the Continuous Institution/The Shifting Institution. Short essays by a range of GSD faculty signal current directions in teaching and research, pointing toward a future that is at once inherited and projective.


The present research seeks to show the importance of performing in a company the correct elaboration of the financial statements as a source of information, which through their respective analyzes are fundamental to know the stability that the company possesses. In addition, to be considered projections where it can be evidenced if the decisions taken in the financial aspect are correct, that is to say, when making an investment within the entity this is feasible and obtain the desired return in order to achieve the proposed goals. For that, the case was developed in COMERCIALIZADORA LOAYZA SA where the respective pro forma financial statements are prepared, which, through their results, show the economic situation of the company, which allows to know the profitability and liquidity that it possesses, in order to execute a decision-making Regarding the fading that the company needs to be able to maintain its stable economic situation and to fulfill its objectives.


BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA—In a major break with the past, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is touting the opportunity for collaboration with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in its campaign to secure funds for a $150 million heavy-ion accelerator that will complement the inertial-confinement fusion program at NIF.


In this paper we introduce an novel system for hand held 3d scanning. We work towards creating an articulated camera mesh with interwoven sensors to detect physical geometry. By combining many sensors, including bend sensors and accelerometers ,to get more information about larger scale physical deformations we can add much information and accuracy to 3D reconstructions based on images. Initial prototypes we have built show that this can work well as a scanning technique for mid-size objects (those bigger than a breadbox but smaller than a car), as the entire object must be transversed similar to a flat bed scanner. CR Categories: K.6.1 [Management of Computing and Information Systems]: Project and People Management—Life Cycle; K.7.m [The Computing Profession]: Miscellaneous—Ethics


The study aims to predict the performance of the students by giving e-learning as a support in addition to the traditional teaching method. Thirty one students studying in an engineering college are selected based on their attendance. The students are taught by using three different methods: (1) Traditional method (2) Traditional method with additional study material (3) Traditional method with the support of e-learning. The marks obtained by the students in the three different tests conducted after each method is tabulated. By using ANNOVA it is predicted that the performance of the students is enhanced in the third method.


for the acceptance of the PHM technologies and practices. AFAAS disseminated information and knowledge on within national, regional (SSA) and global audiences to attain scale and sustainability. Key results: a vibrant input supply and distribution networks for metal silos and hermetic bags were established in Tanzania, Benin and Mozambique; through training and deploying over 73 active local artisans, local production of metal silos was established and over 2,700 metal silos were sold to the farmers. In addition, according to an own survey, over 52,745 farming households directly adopted at least one improved PHM option. There was a 33% reduction in the number of food insecure households in the lean season, and households reported an additional income of over USD 90 per household from saved grain that was sold at higher prices. This approach has attracted interest from policy makers culminating in national strategies and by-laws on PHM being currently developed. There is a wide-scale interest and uptake of PHM solutions by other countries helped by the examples. collected PHM when reasonable is demonstrated. contrast to momentarily subsidized inputs, approach builds market links, jobs and knowledge pools while ensuring sustainability.


This paper explores accountability on medical service quality in China. Based on a literature analysis and model building,the paper analyzes different actors involved in the management of medical service quality in China from the'who is accountable,accountable to whom,accountable for what'three dimensions. The study found that there is a gap between how managers and patients perceive quality,and we need to start the patients' accountability. Appeared quality standard gap and service delivery gap,we need to start the medical institutions internal accountability. Appeared marketing communication gap,we need to start the social accountability. Among the entire accountability system,how to improve patient satisfaction and the quality of medical services,patients' accountability plays a key role,is the core part of the accountability system.


Daily samples of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5–10) particles were collected from July 2002 to July 2003 to provide a better understanding of the elemental concentration and source contribution to both PM fractions. Sampling location represents suburban part of Istanbul metropolitan city. Samples were collected on Teflon filters using a "Dichotomous Sampler." Concentrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn were measured by GFAAS, FAAS, and FAES techniques. Elemental variations of heating and nonheating seasons were discussed. Fossil fuel-related atmospheric metals dramatically increased during the heating season, while natural originated atmospheric metals increased during the nonheating season. Seasonal variations of source contributions were evaluated using factor analysis, which was separately applied to the collected fine and coarse particles data sets during heating and nonheating seasons (four data sets: PM2.5 heating, PM2.5 nonheating, PM2.5–10 heating, and PM2.5–10 n...


This article analyzes the capital account regulation (CAR) applied in Iceland after the banking crash of October 2008, focusing on the determinants behind the implementation of this policy tool, its effects on economic performance, and its possible costs for the Icelandic economy. The previous literature on the topic is useful for these purposes but it does not provide an adequate framework for analyzing the Icelandic experience because Iceland is a very particular case within the group of countries that have historically resorted to CAR. Our main conclusions are that capital account regulation has been essential in stabilizing the currency after the banking crash, providing space for expansionary monetary policy, and keeping public debt yields low. Even though great uncertainty still surrounds the long-term prospects of the Icelandic economy, CAR implementation has been a step toward a promising future economic scenario.


There is a strong belief among technology educators that technology constitutes a type of formal knowledge that can be reduced to curricular elements. It is suggested that since technology has its own knowledge and structure, its study is similar to how one would organize the study of any other discipline in the school, such as algebra or physics (DeVore, 1968; 1992; Erekson, 1992; Savage and Sterry, 1990). Lewis and Gagle (1992), for example, contend that technology educators "have two clear responsibilities; first to articulate the disciplinary structure of technology and, second, to provide for its authentic expression in the curriculum" (p. 136). Dugger (1988) argues that technology should be considered a formal, academic discipline. Similarly, Waetjen (1993) emphatically states that technology education "must take concrete steps to establish itself as an academic discipline" (p. 9). This article suggests that technological knowledge is not a type of formal knowledge similar to that associated with the recognized academic disciplines. It has distinct epistemological characteristics that set it off from formal knowledge. A deeper understanding of technological knowledge opens the curriculum to possibilities that are obscured by a more restricted view. Greater direction is also given to the task of curriculum development. As Taba (1962) observes, confusion surrounding curriculum development often stems from insufficient "analysis of what knowledge in any subject or discipline consists of. This lack of analysis in turn causes misunderstandings about the role of knowledge in learning and curriculum" (p. 172). To be sure, technology embodies knowledge. Parayil (1991), for one,


Peer-to-peer (p2p) electricity exchange can reduce energy wastage and improve capacity utilization in microgrids with renewable energy based electricity production. In such microgrids, called community microgrids, an important problem is to enable customers to share and transact their energy in a rational and acceptable manner. In this paper, electricity exchanges are modeled using co-operative game-theoretic concepts. We assume that all the participants of a community microgrid, which is connected to an external grid, co-operate to form a single (grand) coalition. Using the concept of marginal contributions (MC), we had previously proposed a fair methodology to distribute the total profits of the coalition among its participants. Here, we extend the methodology by considering two scenarios. First, we analyze the case where the community microgrid sometimes collectively produces more electricity than its total load and sells this excess production to an aggregator. Secondly, we consider self-sufficiency as an important objective of the community microgrid. We then use MC to derive a new, simple, and scalable allocation formula to distribute the profits among the participants fairly. To demonstrate our methodology, we applied it to a microgrid in Austin, Texas, USA. The newly proposed methodology saved ≈4.55% as compared to the old originally proposed methodology.


Vocational skills competition promoted the teaching reform of the course of vocational college curriculum system,teaching contents and teaching methods,and encouraged teachers to renew the idea.Vocational college in the skills competition as a carrier to optimize teaching evaluation system,improve the practice of teaching conditions,improve education standards and promote further improve the quality of vocational college education.


The expression profile of transcription factor genes was studied in varieties of common wheat in the pre-Ural steppe zone in response to drought and hypothermia. Increased transcriptional activity under stress is indicated for the TabZIP1, TabZIP60, TaDREB1, and TaNAC 69 genes.


Biology in general has been undergoing a revolution over the last 40 years, parallelling a specific revolution in weed science during that same period. Several presentations were given as part of a symposium on experimental methods and techniques not widely used in weed science. These techniques are pre sented to provide insights into several unanswered questions in weed biology. These include techniques in molecular biology and genetics, physiological ecology, immunology, cell and tissue culture methodology, and spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry. Another methological approach not covered in this symposium, but discussed in this overview, concerns two important molecular marker systems to study weed biotypes, biology, and evolution: protein isozyme and restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms. This symposium is composed of six papers on techniques and experimental approaches not widely used in weed science. Bill Dyer from Montana State University presents information on molecular approaches to studying proteins of interest, and the genes coding for them. Michael Christiansen from Sandoz Crop Protection Corporation discusses genetic approaches us ing mutagenesis to understand weed and herbicide metabolism. Steve Weller from Purdue University provides an overview of cell and tissue culture techniques and their application in weed science. Steve Duke, USDA-ARS, has information on the use of spectroscopy: spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric measurements of plant pigments, proteins, and other related applications. Tim Sherman and Kevin Vaughn, USDA-ARS, discuss the use of immunological techniques and the applica tion of antibodies in plant science research. Jodie Holt, Univer sity of California, Riverside, takes a broader look at techniques in physiological ecology, emphasizing photosynthetic and pri mary productivity methods for weed research. The emphasis in this symposium is on ways to probe weeds at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels of organization, and to under standing weed biology and ecology at a fundamental level of knowledge. Weed science in the last half century has to a large extent been the history of herbicides. These powerful, effective, selective, and inexpensive chemical technologies have revolu tionized agriculture and crop production in the last 50 years. Fewer herbicides have been introduced recently compared to the past, and this has left an opportunity to reemphasize the importance of weed biology in weed science. There exists a need to shift the emphasis of our science from herbicide physiology to weed physiology. The distinction between these two is often subtle, or nonexistent. But in other instances the distinction can be profound in terms of the questions asked in research, what studies are conducted, the data collected, and the plant system probed. An example of this can be seen in studies of plant metabolism: Is the experimental question framed in terms of understanding the system(s) responsible for detoxifica tion of a specific herbicide, or in terms of understanding a specific degrading enzyme system? Do we want to know the nature of herbicide action, or do we want to understand a plant system using herbicides as chemical probes? There are many questions left unanswered in weed science today. Therefore, there is a need for techniques allowing strong inferences of what the answers to them are. Some examples of the important weed biology questions still unanswered concern weed seed dormancy, herbicide resistance, fundamental biolog ical information supporting bioeconomic and threshold models of crop-weed interactions, the influence of global warming and atmospheric changes on weeds, and fundamental knowledge of weed population biology and genetics. One of the most important questions relates to understanding weed seed dormancy and gennination phenomena, along with underlying mechanisms controlling soil seed bank dynamics. The biology of mechanisms inducing dormancy in seed, releas ing seed from dormancy, and factors whereby dormant seed in the seed bank remain relatively resistant to environmental hazards are poorly understood. This information is essential to any sustainable weed management system. Another major need is to better understand mechanisms of herbicide resistance in plants, since many such mechanisms are poorly understood. This lack is most apparent in resistance mechanisms relating to herbicide metabolism. Pertinent also is information about the recently discovered multiple cross-resis tant weeds in Australia (9) and the United Kingdom (5). Some broader areas incompletely understood in weed science include fundamental weed biology information in support of bioeconomic and threshold models of crop-weed interactions and crop yield losses (4, 12). Knowledge of the environmental effects of global warming, increased atmos pheric carbon dioxide, and ozone depletion on weed competi tion and productivity in crop-weed interactions is lacking. Knowledge of weed population biology and population genet ics is also noticeably absent This last area has been largely ignored by weed science in the past but is changing now, especially with some recent studies relating to molecular marker identification systems for characterizing weed biotypes and populations.


Several authors have shown echoencephalography, the study of the skull and its contents by ultrasonic pulses, to be of considerable value in determining the position of midline structures of the brain (1–8). Almost all these investigators have commented upon the echoes providing additional information during the procedure. One of the most frequent has been an echo presumably originating from the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle. The origin of this reflection has been often confirmed by pneumoencephalography and ventriculography. The echo from the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles has almost always been found between 1.4 and 2.4 cm from the midline structures in normal adults (9). This corresponds to the position of the lateral wall of the posterior portion of the body of the lateral ventricle. The variation and inconsistency of this finding are thought due to the absence of a constant perpendicular tissue-fluid interface in the path of the ultrasound beam during the routine examination. The curv...


Michel Foucault's concept of "archeological thinking" as a means of "making it possible to think difference" is used in this article as an organizing framework for conceptualizing the conflict between the multiple, competing social and individual constructions of deaf identity. The substantial literature dealing with deaf culture in the United States is used to explore the nature and characteristics of etic and emic constructions of deafness. Among the differences examined are the cultural, ideological, and linguistic differences that separate various constructions of deafness. In this article I emphasize the social, political, and educational implications of the different constructions of deafness.


This study aims to carry out risk management planning, identification, qualitative analysis and quantitative risk calculations, establishing counterparty credit limits on banks in Indonesia. The risk identification process utilize 59 expert views from the field of financial institution banks in Indonesia. Subsequently the qualitative analysis stage employ the two dimension rating schemes method, namely probability and impact. Each included risk is measured in the Low, Medium and High category. The identification process resulted in 18 risks that are facing banks in Indonesia. From that risks, the quantitative analysis using Probability - Impact dimension shows that in the Low - Medium quadrant there is 1 risk. In the Medium - Medium quadrant there are 3 risks. In the Medium-High quadrant there are 8 risks. While the High - High quadrant resulted in 6 risks. The Delphi method output from the probability dimension, indicates the risk of error in analyzing the counterparty's financial performance (balance sheet analysis, cashflow, income statement, financial ratio) and not monitoring and recognizing sanctions or legal cases that occur to counterparties give a value of 2.29. While from the Impact dimension, the risk of error in analyzing the counterparty's financial performance (balance analysis, R / L report, financial ratio) give a value of 2.78. All of these results, the experts have reached convergence or consensus.


Each of the poem-clusters bears a title. The first, "Getting Home", contains two poems recalling moments from childhood and early adulthood. It gets the collection off to a good start. The more explicitly narrative poems in Against the light use their narrative momentum to good effect and are undoubtedly the best feature of the collection as a whole. "The Visitor", which recounts a surreal but entrancing encounter the speaker has with a female German hitchhiker in Namibia, is the pick of the collection for me.


This study designed a system called ASEE, which can answer the multiple-choice items provided by the QALab-2 task in NTCIR-12 conference. This system adopts Wikipedia as its knowledge source, using the Stanford Parser to analyze the linguistic features of the items and retrieve key words; it then determines the probability of each option as the correct answer through an algorithm and finally selects the best one. Experimental results shows that the system can correctly answer 21 of 36 questions, which originated from World History B of the National Center Test for University Admissions in Japan in 2011.


Objective:To introduce the clinical experience and effects of water-jet assisted retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without blockage of renal artery for T1a renal cell carcinoma.Methods:Eight patients(6 males and 2 females) with T1a renal cell carcinoma who were treated from Oct.2011 to Nov.2012 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients had a mean age of(38.2±10.4) years old and a mean tumor size of(2.8±0.9) cm in diameter,with 5 cases on the left side and 3 cases on the right side.All of the 8 patients received water-jet assisted retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without blockage of renal artery.Results:All the 8 cases were operated successfully without conversion to open surgery,and there were no severe perioperative complications.The mean operation time was(103.2±24.5) min,mean blood loss was(250.3±80.6) ml,and the mean indwelling duration of peri-nephric drainage tube was(6.3±2.6) days,the mean postoperative hospital stay was(8.3±1.6) d.All patients had normal renal function and had no tumor recurrence or metastasis during a mean follow-up time of(5.2±2.1) months.Conclusions:Water-jet assisted retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without blockage of renal artery is safe,effective and mini-invasive for treatment of patients with T1a renal cell carcinoma,warm ischemia and ischemia reperfusion injury can be avoided,renal function is maximally reserved on the basis of radical resection of tumors,however,the long term effects still need large sample studies and long term follow-up.


information about New zealand programs and their funding. There is also a lot of advertising data: lists of major advertisers and agencies, lengths of commercials and minutage per average hour, advertising expenditure per medium and advertising regularion.. plus lists of reasons why television advertising is effective. The industry is at pains to prove that New Zealand viewers don't mind the advertisements, inescapable on free-ro-atr TV, though the conclusion that 'more New Zealanders like television advertising than dislike television advertising and this is growing' is debatable when their figures show that 40% consider ads as unwelcome interruptions. Nevertheless this is a useful reference and includes a glossary of market research terms and lists of addresses and contact numbers. Helen Wilson


Environmental DNA: a new molecular tool for monitoring present and past biodiversity. The study of biodiversity can be extremely costing considering both time and financial support of traveling and sampling. Furthermore, it is possible to lack some species, whose monitoring can be relevant since they are specific biomarkers. Since some years, several laboratories assessed that it is possible to collect sample of environmental DNA that can be used for the identification of the species that live (or lived) in a specific location.


The sections in this article are

1
Introduction

2
Spin Lock Imaging Techniques

3
Results With T1 and T1ρ Dispersion Imaging

4
Instrumentation and Safety

5
Conclusions

6
Biographical Sketch

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