Purpose - In the context of housing, mixed tenure attempts to bring together social groups in urban neighbourhoods to create a vibrant dynamic sustainable community. This paper focuses on residential development design in the context of housing tenure where owner-occupier (or owner-investor) and social housing have the same locality. Specifically it asks: should different housing tenures be combined in a residential developed (salt and pepper design) or in close vicinity in separated structures (silo design)? Design/methodology/approach - This paper examines various factors to be considered with regards to the different mixed tenure designs. The research presents interviews with fourteen leading Melbourne property professionals (developers, consultants and financiers) to identify the different development design and tenure challenges. The semi-structured interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and coded through NVivo software to provide a platform to evaluate, interpret and explain the qualitative analysis. Findings - The inclusion of mixed tenure accommodation in a property development provided different responses across the various stakeholders; where property managers embraced the Salt and Pepper concept, property developers and financiers were more reserved and focussed on the impact of disclosure and associated pricing issues. Many stakeholders highlighted that a Silo design provide a better solution for maintaining a building and controlling costs. Originality/value - In developing this research area, information from leading property professionals can provide valuable information for policy decision making purposes. There is limited discussion within the Australian context which explores the two mixed tenure housing approaches and what the challenges and benefits are from the perspective of current building industry stakeholders.


Theoretical background: There is evidence that sustainable economic growth is strictly connected with non-cash payments' development. Nevertheless, in many countries, cash still remains the dominant means of payment. Cash can be treated as a store of value and a means of payment. The paper focuses on its transactional function and addresses the need to recognise drivers that can shift consumers away from cash. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to analyse what features of payment instruments and what kind of incentives could convince consumers to switch from cash to non-cash payments.


Used the differential geometry theory,the nonlinear coordinate change matrix and the nonlinear state variable feedback equations were proposed based on the affine nonlinear model of boost converters.Then the exact feedback linearization model was obtained.On this basis,a sliding mode controller was designed by selecting linear sliding surface and exponent reaching law.The research result shows that the control method for the exact feedback linearization sliding mode is superior to the current control method in terms of dynamic response performance and steady-stage error regulating characteristics.At the same time,the method overcomes the inherent disadvantage,which is the dependence on the model accuracy of the existing feedback linearization control method,and demonstrates a stronger robustness.So it is a theory with generality and practical significance.


In this thesis, some fundamentals and possible applications of high-pressure microfluidics have been explored. Furthermore, handling fluids at high pressures has been addressed, specifically by cre ...


OF THESIS RELAX AND LOG ON FACEBOOK: EXAMINING STUDENTS' USE OF FACEBOOK TO RELIEVE ACADEMIC STRESS THROUGH PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT College students often times experience academic stress, whether it is due to homework, exams, GPA requirement, or even adapting to the college environment. Social support has been known to reduce stress levels and affect psychological well-being. Social support can also be prevalent on social media sites, such as Facebook. Facebook users can communicate with friends near and far and find the needed support during times of stress. While college students are active Facebook users, little research has examined whether Facebook affects academic stress levels. This study examined if college students use Facebook to gain social support for stress above and beyond psychological uses. Survey results found that escape, relaxation, and social support were inversely associated with academic stress. This suggests that Facebook provides an effective means of dealing with academic stress among college students.


One-dimensional isotropic flows of an ideal polytropic gas that occur as a result of the development of a discontinuity are considered. Solution of the problem was constructed in the special functional space in the form of the converging series up to the moment of the focusing of the surface of a weak discontinuity onto the axis or centre of symmetry. In the physical space, in the vicinity of the centre of symmetry various analytical (exact or asymptotic) representations of the flows adjacent to the region of the gas at rest were constructed.


This work addresses the design and implementation of a neural network based controller for the trajectory tracking of a differential drive mobile robot. A neural network based tracking control algorithm is proposed and simulation and experimental results are presented. The algorithm is a control structure that makes possible the integration of a back-stepping controller and a neural network (NN) computed-torque controller for a nonholonomic mobile robot. Integration of a neural network controller and the kinematic based controller gives the advantage of dealing with unmodeled and unstructured uncertainties and disturbances to the system. Comprehensive system modeling including robot kinematics, dynamics and actuator modeling has been done. The dynamic modeling is done Lagrangian methodologies for nonholonomic systems. Simulation of the robot model and different controllers has been done using Matlab and Matlab Simulink.


1. Responsibility as a Form of Accountability 2. Attribution of Conduct to the UN 3. The Element of Breach 4. Judicial Determination 5. Determination by States 6. The Content of International Responsibility 7. Implementation through Self-Enforcement 8. General Conclusion


This is intended to condider meanings and meaning expansion of Japanes "聞く" and Korean "듣다" which are relevant to hearing and also analyzes each polysemy structure. And this paper is based on a perspective of congnitive linguistic which is related to congnitive ability in language use.It seems that there is meaning expansion by figures of speech that are concerned with a various of congnitive ability performed,especially on the meaning expansion of polysemous word. Therefore, with this perspective, I considered what kind of meaning expansion can be seen on Japanese and Korean. First, in this paper, I arranged other meanings of Japanese "聞く" and Korean "듣다" as polysemous word respectively, considered the meaning expansion of them each carefully and displayed the results in a diagram form. According to this diagram, both Japanese "聞く" and Korean "듣다" become the center of meaning expansion which is based on metonymy from the basic meaning in the first place. And, from the other expanded meanings which are based on the metonymy, we see that there is the another meaning expansion which is based on metonymy or metaphor performed. After all this consideration, we find that Japanese "聞く" is far more vigorous meaning expansion than Korean "듣다". In other words, Japanese "聞く" is used with the meaning expanded in far more meanings. This paper shows us that one word with meaning expanded vigorously is used in a far more wide range in Japanese than in Korean. However, it can not be said that this is a feature of Korean or Japanese on recent phase. At least, through this study, I learned that Japanese "聞く" has far more vigorous meaning expansion and is used in a much more wide range than Korean "듣다".


In recent years, literature on indigenous issues has come to be dominated by two connected themes: the challenges arising from the experiences of colonisation; and the means of (re-) asserting indigenous culture, political influence, and identity. To some degree, the focus on these areas has come at the expense of other developments affecting indigenous groups (among others), particularly the rise of commercial and political forces that subvert the significance of the binary Western-indigenous model of analysis, and that present both material and conceptual challenges to notions of indigeneity. Among much else, the cultural and political ramifications of emerging virtual states on indigenous peoples is a topic of Professor Peter Cleave's new book, Data Wars: The Algorithmic State.


Digitized transient signals such as those acquired in flow injection analysis may be decomposed by a generalized Fourier expansion into a weighted linear combination of discrete orthogonal polynomials. Together, the coefficients from such an expansion form a spectrum analogous to that of the magnitude spectrum of a discrete Fourier transform and provide a useful alternative means of signal identification. This flexible method of representing peak shag in flow injection (and elsewhere) is not reliant upon any single mathematical model. Two families of functions, the Gram and Laguerre polynomials, were investigated. Both series were found to be sensitive to changes in peak shape and able to represent important features of flow injection time domains signals


Thousands of ready-made garment (RMG) workers, frequently seen as Bangladesh's lifeline for economic growth and poverty alleviation, were sacked arbitrarily just weeks after the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. The widespread cancellation of existing orders, followed by factory closures and worker layoffs, triggered an unprecedented crisis for RMG workers, the vast majority of whom are women. As the industry is slowly recovering from the initial upheaval and on its way to rebound, this article revisits the impacts of the pandemic on the RMG workers in Bangladesh, who predominantly hails from impoverished rural regions of the country. Using first-hand data and secondary literature, this article offers a compelling account of the pandemic outbreak's disproportionate impact on female RMG workers. As we examine the effects on workers, we also look back at the structural hierarchies and power asymmetries embedded in this sector—a quintessential feature of the contemporary global economy. The article offers three distinct contributions to the emerging literature on the Covid-19 pandemic and its impacts on the changing labor spectrum in the global South. First, it explores the pandemic's broader gendered implications, revealing how it unevenly affected women. Second, it underlines how the pre-existing power dynamic within the global supply chain further exacerbated inequality, marginalization, and workers' precarity in Bangladesh's RMG industry. Lastly, it underscores the unequal interdependence between "core" and "peripheral" countries in the global production and labor landscape, highlighting the asymmetrical nature of their relationship.


The aim of our work was the rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy. Under the supervision of the 281 patients were living in the Kabardino-Balkariya Republic. Of these, 168 boys and 113 girls ranging in age from 1 to 7 years. Our results indicated that motor disorders limiting or hindering the normal physical activity, adversely affect all sides of personality development. And early systematic correction of combined rehabilitative activities, contributes to the success of restorative treatment of sick children.


Extracted from text ... The global increasing incidence and
prevalence of chronic kidney disease
(CKD) has made CKD a worldwide
public health issue.At the end of
2005, the number of patients with end
stage chronic renal disease (ESRD)
requiring dialysis reached 1.45 million,
and with a 6 to 7% growth rate,
this figure will reach 2 million by
2010 i.e.; a growth rate significantly
higher than the world population.
More importantly the prevalence of
the earlier stages of CKD, not requiring
dialysis is approximately 100
times greater than the prevalence
of ESRD, affecting almost 11% of
adults in the United States. Patients
at ..


In light of general condition of geography and climate in Guangzhou,the author summarizes the characters of garden landscape engineering in Guangzhou,analyzes the present situation of its maintenance and management,and proposes countermeasures for the implementation,which to offer a reference for the management of garden landscape engineering.


With the proliferation of machine learning (ML) libraries and frameworks, and the programming languages that they use, along with operations of data loading, transformation, preparation and mining, ML model development is becoming a daunting task. Furthermore, with a plethora of cloud-based ML model development platforms, heterogeneity in hardware, increased focus on exploiting edge computing resources for low-latency prediction serving and often a lack of a complete understanding of resources required to execute ML workflows efficiently, ML model deployment demands expertise for managing the lifecycle of ML workflows efficiently and with minimal cost. To address these challenges, we propose an end-to-end data analytics, a serverless platform called Stratum. Stratum can deploy, schedule and dynamically manage data ingestion tools, live streaming apps, batch analytics tools, ML-as-a-service (for inference jobs), and visualization tools across the cloud-fog-edge spectrum. This paper describes the Stratum architecture highlighting the problems it resolves.


This paper presents a front-end speech enhancement approach to robust speech recognition in automotive environments. It combines hybrid voice activity detection (VAD), relative transfer function (RT-F) based generalized sidelobe cancelation, and single-channel post filtering to enhance the speech signal of interest, thereby improving the robustness of speech recognition. First, we choose four typical driving scenarios, which include most of the noise types in automobiles to record training data. The recorded data is then used to train deep neural network models (DNNs) for both speech and noise. The trained DNNs are subsequently used to estimate the speech presence probability on a frame-by-frame basis. This speech presence probability is then combined with the output of an energy-based VAD to form a hybrid VAD, which serves as the basis for the rest components of the speech enhancement system, including RTF estimation, adaptive beamforming, and post-filtering. Experiments are conducted in real automotive environments. The results show that the developed method can significantly improve the performance of both VAD and automatic speech recognition (ASR).


The Rate distortion performance and computational complexity is higher in H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Coding). H.264 /SVC (Scalable Video Coding) is the latest standard in medical video compression. This paper provides evaluation and performance analysis of SVC. It uses Integer Wavelet transform to compress the medical video frames. Temporal, Spatial, Fidelity are three scalability properties in SVC. The standard performance metrics like Compression Ratio, PSNR and MSE are evaluated. H.264/SVC provides better compression than AVC.


Gold carbenes generated via 1,2-migration of a propargylic ester group can be transferred over a tethered alkyne. The use of aromatic backbones leads after a 1,7-carbene transfer to a benzyl-stabilized carbene as intermediate. A 1,2-shift of a methyl group delivers vinyl-substituted β-naphthol derivatives as the final products.


Two series of linearly conjugated hybrid materials, consisting of (E)-1,2-diethynylethene (DEE; hex-3-ene-1,5-diyne) and ZnII porphyrin components, were prepared by Pd0-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. In one series, one or two DEE substituents were introduced into the meso-positions of the ZnII porphyrins, leading from 5⋅Zn, to 9 and 1 (Scheme 1). The second series contains the linearly π-conjugated molecular rods 1 – 3 that span a length range from 23 A (1) to 53 A (3) (Fig. 1). The larger rods 2 and 3 consist of two or three porphyrin moieties, respectively, that are bridged at the meso-positions by trans-enediynediyl (hex-3-ene-1,5-diyne-1,6-diyl) linkers (Scheme 2). The UV/VIS spectra in the series 5⋅Zn, 9, and 1 (Fig. 2) showed a strong bathochromic shift of both Soret and Q bands of the ZnII porphyrin as a result of the addition of DEE substituents. Upon changing from 1 to 2 (Fig. 3), the Q band was further bathochromically shifted, whereas the Soret band remained nearly at the same position but became broadened and displayed a shoulder on the lower-wavelength edge as a result of excitonic coupling. The close resemblance between the UV/VIS spectra of 2 and 3 suggests that saturation of the optical properties in the oligomeric series already occurs at the stage of dimeric 2. Stationary voltammetric investigations showed that the DEE substituents act as strong electron acceptors which induce large anodic shifts in the first reduction potential upon changing from 5⋅Zn to 9 (ΔE=190 mV) and to 1 (ΔE=340 mV). Increasing the number of porphyrin moieties upon changing from 1 to 2 had no effect on the first reduction potential yet the first oxidation potential was substantially lowered (ΔE=110 mV). Large differences in the potentials for one-electron oxidation of the two porphyrin moieties in 2 (ΔE=200 mV) confirmed the existence of substantial electronic communication between the two macrocycles across the trans-enediynediyl bridge.


Our hypothesis in the paper is that the learning speed of our brain depends heavily on how the sequence of information is consumed. We show that the deterministic feeding sequence of training vectors plays a very significant role in speeding up the learning process. This sequence controls the learning rate and the initial weight vectors as well as convergence speed. We focus the hypothesis on only the feedforward networks in binary space. The mathematical relation between weight vectors, learning rate, and the training vector sequence are derived. The experiments are conducted with training vectors in binary field.<<ETX>>


Media literacy education is not as advanced in the US as in several other English-speaking areas such as Great Britain, Canada, and Australia. Despite decades of struggle since the 1970s by individuals and groups, media education is still only reaching a small percentage of Americans. While some major inroads have been made, such as getting elements of media literacy included in most of the 50 state's educational standards and the launching of two national media education organizations, most teachers and students in the United States still have never heard of media literacy. In this paper, we first set forth some models of media literacy, delineate key concepts of critical media literacy, and then examine some of the most active organizations in the United States and differences in their goals and pedagogy.


The amount of cut size sheets being consumed in the U.S. Small Office/ Home Office (SOHO) market is increasing each year. Cut sheets for this market are most commonly packaged in kraft overwrap, but shrink wrap, polypropylene overwrap, one-piece paperboard envelopes, two-piece paperboard set-up or folding cartons, and corrugated packaging systems are also used. Sheet counts for these different types of packaging can be from 10 to 2500. The processes used to package cut sheets in materials other than kraft wrap often requires modification of existing cut size sheeters or purchase of a new sheeter. As this market segment continues to grow, sheeting and packaging equipment will need to be flexible and affordable to meet the needs of a changing marketplace.


other officials. This Canada-wide network is tied to the World Health Organization and to a global early warning system for emerging pathogens. Although today these networks function on a sometimes ad hoc basis, the Pan-Canadian Public Health Network (www.phn-rsp.ca) serves to formalize and strengthen our public health infrastructure, which in turn can support you, the health care practitioner. This network facilitates the sharing of information and best practices, fosters the development of collaborative public health strategy, and provides advice, coordinated support and aid to health officials and jurisdictions in need. Indeed, the streamlined and unified approach exemplified by the Pan-Canadian Public Health Network will be especially critical during emergencies such as an influenza pandemic. In the absence of a specific crisis, the network will concentrate on other important public health issues, such as health promotion, and chronic disease and injury prevention. The next big challenge, which is beginning to be addressed through the Pan-Canadian Public Health Network, is to bring together community-based clinicians, public health authorities, viral laboratories and all levels of government to safeguard the health of Canadians against emerging infectious diseases. Clinical suspicion, early recognition and diagnosis, and reporting suspicious cases to the public health system is a vital and concrete way of protecting not only the health of the individual, but also the health of the community at large.


The absorbability and distributions of Na+,K+ in different organs of four muskmelon varieties,salty tolerance varieties(Haimisihao、Bingxuecui) and salty sensitive varieties(Yulu、Xiulv),were investigated under NaCl stress(75,150,225,300 mmol/L) in artificially controlled conditions.The results indicated that the Na+content in the root,stalk,leave and fruit of the tolerant muskmelon was significantly lower than those of salt sensitive muskmelon with the increase of the NaCl concentraion.However,the K+ content in salt tolerant muskmelon root was significantly lower than that in the salt sensitive muskmelon root.Na+/K+ values in the stalk,leave and fruit of salty tolerant muskmelon was significantly lower than that in sensitive muskmelon though no significant difference of Na+/K+ was found in the root of salty tolerant and salt sensitive muskmelon.No significant difference was indicated in the amount of dry matter including root,shoot,leaves and fruits of all salty tolerant muskmelon.The minimum decreased weight of single fresh fruit and dry matter was detected in the salty tolerant muskmelon "Bingxuecui" while the maximum decreased weight of single fresh fruit and dry matter was found in the sensitive tolerant muskmelon "Xiulv".


Objective To observe the effect and safety of the treatment of urethral stricture with guide wires leading a balloon dilatation catheter.Methods The clinical date of 25 cases of male patients suffering traumatic posterior urethral stricture were analyzed retrospectively,was treated with a balloon dilation catheter led by guide wires.Results All our patients were cured successfully with a guide-wire-leading balloon dilatation catheter expanding only once and there were no complications such as urethral perforation,rectal injury etc.Although 2 cases had not been ohviously improved risht after dilatation,but improved furtherly six months later.The follow-up was six to twelve months.23 cases were cured.2 osses were improved.The recovery rate was 92%.The effective rate was 100%.Conclusion It was safe and effective to treat urethral stricture with balloon dilation catheter led by guide wires.

Key words:
Urethral stricture; Dilatation


Investigation on concentrations of COD of different kinds wasterwater in a city affected by tidal river in the Pearl River Delta area was carried on. And COD of the wastewater in the city,272mg/L,was worked out. The COD Concentration of wastewater in separate system,191mg/L on average,was significantly higher than that in combined sewerage system,137mg/L on everage. COD concentration in combined sewerage system decreased as the river level increased,appearing significant negative correlation. The partial correlation coefficient was -0.8432. However,COD concentration in separate system appeared no correlation to the river level. In district affected by tidal river,separate system could prevent river water from backing up into the sewerage system more efficiently than combined sewerage system. On behave of the operation of wastewater treatment plants,separate system was more sutible than combined sewerage system for district affected by tidal river. References were provided for drainage systems choosing in the Pearl River Delta area.


The Village Government of Panggungharjo made a concept of village tourism together with BUMDes Panggung Lestari into the concept of an agrarian cultural education tour named Kampoeng Mataraman. In contrast to tourism village (desa wisata), village tourism (wisata desa) further highlights the unique potential of the village both from human resources to the village environment. So that aims at empowering villages by involving the village community Panggungharjo in its formation. The research problem formulation is how participatory communication is in the Kampoeng Mataraman village tourism community group in Panggungharjo village, and the extent of participatory communication in the formation of Kampoeng Mataraman village tourism. The benefits of this research inform the benefits of appropriate participatory communication to village communities as objects of empowerment. This research uses qualitative method. The researcher used the phenomenology paradigm in which this method was chosen because the researcher wanted to know how the views, behaviors and actions of the Kampoeng Mataraman tourism community in an effort to form Kampoeng Mataraman village tourism. The results of the research is that community groups in the village tour of Kampoeng Mataraman were very effective in empowering the community. Moreover, community interest was increasing in participating in the village tour of Kampoeng Mataraman. Participatory communication groups in the Panggungharjo village community are heteroglasia, dialogues, polyphony, and carnivals. Lack of community understanding in media processing becomes a weakness in this Kampoeng Mataraman Village Tourism so that later it will become threats that can harm Kampoeng Mataraman


Objective: To analyze errors in primary treatment of vascular injuries and delayed presentations of missed vascular injuries as a surrogate indicator of need for improved vascular surgical training of upcoming general surgeons. Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out at vascular surgery department of two tertiary care hospitals of Armed Forces from Jan 2012 to June 2017. Hospital records of all patients with vascular trauma were analyzed for presence of pitfalls in primary treatment and delayed presentation of missed vascular injuries which resulted in redo surgeries or adverse outcomes. Results: Out of 256 patients with vascular injury sequel 41 had either a problem in primary treatment or presented with delayed complications of missed injuries. The omissions can be divided into: missed injuries (24/41), technical errors in initial repair (12/24), reperfusion of mangled Extremity (3/41) and non availability of a surgeon capable of undertaking vascular repair. The commonest operative fault was failure to debride the vessel adequately and vascular repair under tension. The commonest primary assessment problem was failure to timely appreciate hard signs of vascular injury. Conclusion: With better training and emphasizing the need of thorough clinical examination outcome of vascular trauma can be improved.


In the present study, the green solution potentials of unripe banana ( musa sapientum ) peel biomass were evaluated by using the adsorbent for the removal of Cd (II) and Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. The batch method was employed: parameters such as pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time were studied. Unripe banana peel was found to remove Cd (II) and Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solutions. Removal rate of Cd (II) was found to increase from pH > 4, while Cr (VI) decreases from pH > 4. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to adsorption equilibrium data to find the best fit amongst these models. Langmuir model type 1, with R 2 = 0.999 best fit for Cr (VI) adsorption data. The separation parameter, R L values were less than 1.0 i.e., 0.01219, 0.00613, 0.00308, and 0.00205 with corresponding initial concentrations of (50, 100, 200 and 300) mg/L respectively. This indicates that adsorption of Cr (VI) ion on unripe banana peel biomass was favourable to Langmuir isotherm, while Freundlich model with R 2 = 0.949 best fit Cd (II) ion with (n) value of 1.1, which was favourable adsorption. Thus, the results of these findings showed that unripe banana peel biomass could be effectively and efficiently utilized for the removal of Cd (II) and Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solution.


Goldberger, Chp. 5. Johnston, Chps. 7-8. *Berkson, J., "Estimation by Least Squares and by Maximum Likelihood," Proceedings of the Third Berkleley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics, Vol. I, pp. 1-11. Durbin, J., "Estimation of Parameters in Time-Series Regression Models," Journal of Boyal Statistical Society, Ser. B, 22 (1960). Wold, H., Demand Analysis, 1953, Chapters 12 and 13. *Box, G. E. and Cox, D. R., "An Analysis of Transformations," JESS (B), 1964, (2).


In recent years the research of source-location-privacy (SLP) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has become a hotspot while the research of SLP in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) is still in the primary stage. SLP is crucial in such fields as underwater resource exploration and underwater battlefield monitoring. In this article, a layering and SLP-based routing (LSLPR) protocol is proposed for UASNs. In the LSLPR protocol, proxy nodes and multipath technology are utilized to resist passive attacks and protect the SLP, and a source node can select its proxy node without knowing the location information of candidate proxy nodes in advance. Moreover, in the routing from a source to the proxy area, the next-hop node is determined according to the priorities of candidate nodes, which considers the distance and layer of the node to alleviate the long detour problem. In addition, a multipath routing algorithm based on the nodes layer and forwarding probability is proposed to avoid the void area problem and protect the SLP. Simulation results show the superiority and validity of the LSLPR protocol in terms of safety period, delay, and energy efficiency compared with the Push-based probabilistic method for source location privacy protection (PP-SLPP), stratification-based SLP (SSLP), and 2hop-AHH-VBF. The safe period increases by at least 72%. In addition, the delay is at least 90% lower than that of the PP-SLPP and SSLP. Furthermore, the energy consumption is about 50% lower than that of SSLP and 2hop-AHH-VBF.


292Background: Billroth I (B-I) or Roux-en-Y (R-Y) are common reconstruction technique after distal gastrectomy, each with advantages and disadvantages and which is the most successful remains uncl...


In this paper we describe a framework for incorporating transfer risk into Pillar 1 regulatory capital calculations. In conjunction with an (A)IRB credit model, it involves a transaction-level consideration of whether an obligation bears transfer risk, and if it does, calculating an RWA add on. The starting point is the construction of a binary 'assignment' string for each obligation, determined based on a comparison of the currency of the exposure with each of the domestic currencies of the country of the obligor, the country of the booking location and, if applicable, the country of any guarantor(s), respectively. The assignment string determines the presence, the country and the counterparty deemed to bear any transfer risk. An adjustment is then made to the bearer's default probability, from which the RWA add-on for transfer risk is calculated based on the difference between substituting the adjusted and unadjusted default probabilities into the standard Basel risk weight formula. Some worked numerical examples are provided.


Interoception is the ability to sense internal bodily changes and research indicates that it may play a role in the development of mental illness. In recent years, preliminary evidence has shown that interoception is impaired in people with psychosis. Interoceptive sensibility, a meta‐cognitive aspect of interoception, has never been studied across the psychosis continuum. The present study aimed at assessing interoceptive sensibility in youth with psychotic‐like experiences.


Reliability as an important index occupies an important position in electronic time fuze design. Small and medium caliber ammunition could be set in wire form or wireless form. Wireless setting can be divided into several forms, electromagnetism induction setting, radio frequency setting, laser setting and so on. There are many existing disadvantages in this technique, such as weak EMI ability, complex structure and poor reliability, while wire setting has the advantages opposite them. A wire setting system for electronic time fuse was designed in this article. In allusion to the problems of low ammunition reliability in the experiment, a method that could detect the working condition of the fuze effectively is presented, and bring a great help for finding out the root of the poor reliability. The experimental results showed that the effective rate of the improved electronic time fuze reached 100% and timing accuracy reached +-3 ms. This study provides a reference for the design of the reliability of setting system.


A rate-compatible puncturing scheme for LDPC codes is proposed based on the fact that a one-step recoverable (1-SR) node is more reliable than a k-SR node (k>;1) and a 1-SR node with more survived check nodes can be recovered more reliably in a recovery tree, so the scheme tries to obtain 1-SR nodes which have multiple survived check nodes as many as possible. Simulation results show that the puncturing scheme has better performance than both the random puncturing scheme and the novel method in [5].


Everyone agrees that suicide should be prevented but the question arises as to whether prevention is possible. Any serious attempt to answer the question requires putting the problem in epidemiologic perspective by examining national data on rates and secular trends in adolescent suicide. Once informed it is possible to consider the opportunities for effective intervention through public health measures as well as at the level of personal encounter medicine in clinical practice. Mortality rates of individuals between 15-24 years have risen by 11% during the past 20 years. This is principally because of increasing death from violence (accidents homicides and suicides) which account for 3/4 of all deaths in this age group. Among white adolescents accidents (2/3 of them are vehicular) are the leading cause of death. Among nonwhite adolescents deaths from homicide surpass deaths from accidents. these data illustrate the close links between behavior social environment and mortality in adolescence. Between ages 15-24 suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death among the male population and the 4th among the female population. Between 1950-77 the latest years for which data are available suicide rates for males more than tripled for each age cohort. Female suicide rates for 1977 are about double those for 1950 but continue at about 1/4 of the male adolescent suicide rates. Both white and nonwhite suicide rates have increased at about the same pace over the past 25 years; between ages 15-19 nonwhite rates are about half of those for whites but between ages 20-24 they are about the same. These data almost certainly represent undercounts for they are based on death certificates. In all age groups in all countries and for all periods for which data are available men consistently outnumber women by about 3 to 1 in completed suicides whereas reports of suicide attempts are consistently higher for women in about the same ratio. Restricting access to the means of committing suicide even though absolute control is not possible can make important differences. Most patients give ample warning of suicide in the days and weeks before the event. If the stress that leads to the contemplation of suicide evokes a family response which manifests love and concern there is a new opportunity for personal growth and for the restoration of psychological equilibrium. Most often the adolescent is not psychotic and the physicians task in planning care is to asess 2 crucial factors: the risk-rescue ratio and the psychosocial resources of the patients family. If the weight of the risk-rescue ratio is on the rescue side of the fraction and the parents show understanding and concern counseling on an outpatient basis is feasible.


ABSTRACT This study is motivated by the distinctive outcome of the minority achievement gap in Estonia and Latvia, countries with similar legacies and socio-economic development. We have four sub-groups of schools involving pairs of instructing languages: Estonian and Russian in Estonia, and Latvian and Russian in Latvia. All four are above average performers according to international comparisons. Still, our data show that a remarkable achievement gap between majority and minority students exists only in Estonia. We employ the Oaxaca–Blinder twofold decomposition technique to explore the factors behind the minority achievement gap (MAG). We are able to explain almost half of the gap in Estonia by peer effects and the larger concentration of immigrants in minority schools. In Latvia, on the contrary, the average peer effect is positive in minority schools. Still, regarding the essence of the unexplained gap, our results remain inconclusive.


A densitometer to measure a large number of individual data points along a circle of a gas-phase electron diffraction pattern, recorded photographically, is described. The instrument combines a Z8 microprocessor with an improved Elscan E2500 densitometer, resulting in easy operation, high speed, high accuracy and great flexibility in later data processing. The analogue output of the light photometering system is digitised by a AD-574 kD ADC. The position of the sampling points on the measuring circle is determined with the help of a synchronisation subprogram which couples the measuring cycle to the actual spinning speed of the photographic plate.


Quantitative understanding of the relationship between quantum tunneling and Fermi surface spin polarization is key to device design using topological insulator surface states. By using spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with p-polarized light in topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films across the metal-to-insulator transition, we observe that for a given film thickness, the spin polarization is large for momenta far from the center of the surface Brillouin zone. In addition, the polarization decreases significantly with enhanced tunneling realized systematically in thin insulating films, whereas magnitude of the polarization saturates to the bulk limit faster at larger wavevectors in thicker metallic films. Our theoretical model calculations capture this delicate relationship between quantum tunneling and Fermi surface spin polarization. Our results suggest that the polarization current can be tuned to zero in thin insulating films forming the basis for a future spin-switch nano-device.


Iwould like to start by saying how commendable I think it is that the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis is conducting this work on the monetary base. In that regard, it might be useful to describe one set of facts that illustrates how important it is to make adjustments for changes in reserve requirements. About a year ago, the IMF published a small study that I did with Monica Hargraves in which we tried to promote use of the growth rate of the monetary base minus predicted growth in the permanent component of base velocity as an indicator of the medium-term stance of monetary policy.1 We compiled such measures for all the G-7 economies going back to 1960 and argued that this measure provided a better description than contending indicators of the relative "looseness" or "tightness" of economic policy in these countries over time. In doing this, we had to make adjustments to the basic base series of currency plus reserves. That came as no surprise to me, as I had previously found a need for such adjustments in my 1993 study of Japanese monetary policy. But even so, I was surprised by the extreme nature of this need in the case of France in the 1970s. The IMF publishes a measure of the unadjusted base that it calls Reserve Money (line 14 in International Financial Statistics). The value of this reserve money at the end of 1974 was 152.3 billion French francs (FF), and at the end of 1975 it was 119.4 billion, which is a drop of well over 20 percent. On the face of it, this change would seem to indicate a monetary tightening of truly epic proportions, but there was no sign of any such tightening in the statistics for nominal GDP, the price level, or even monetary aggregates such as M1 or M2. The reason, we discovered, was that reserve requirements on sight deposits were decreased over the year from 17 percent to 2 percent, which "freed up" about 44 billion of reserves. When we took account of that decrease by developing our series for an adjusted monetary base, the data made very good sense. Our adjustments were very simple compared to what is done by the St. Louis Fed, but they seemed to work reasonably well. But if more nations had welldeveloped and published magnitudes for the adjusted monetary base, it would be much easier for us, as researchers, to do our work. Also, I suspect that the value of the monetary base as a measure of monetary policy actions would be more widely recognized. I didn't originally intend to say more about the McCallum-Hargraves study, but Don Kohn's rather strong comments concerning the weakness of the base as an indicator variable have prompted me to add a few more sentences, because our results were much more encouraging in that regard. I think he would agree that there have been some significant mistakes in monetary policy in the G-7 economies since 1960, so I would like to ask Don, first, to specify in which years policy was too tight and in which years it was too loose for each of these economies—i.e., applying his judgment in retrospect to the information that we have now. Second, I would ask him to specify his favorite policy indicator, which might be a fixed-weight index of several macroeconomic variables. And I will conjecture that our velocity-adjusted monetary base growth rate, which can be calculated on a real-time basis, will have done a better job than his favorite indicator in signaling past policy errors as he, himself, judges them.


In this paper we analyzes the characteristics of E-government in China as well as the related problems. Based on the analysis, some suggestions will be given by taking CRM as the direction of Chinese E-government. Then the author proposes some advices on how to carry out this system project.With the rapid development of information technology and the change of government functions, the application of OA in government has been transformed to e-government. Nowadays, the construction of e-government is going onto the new stage of boom. Resulted from this tendency, the application market of Chinese e-government program gains the developing opportunity, which was never appeared before. The government purchase quantity of IT products is increasing at the speed of over 30 percent per year.


A significant proportion of the adult population in the UK is prescribed oral glucocorticoids (glucocorticosteroids), most commonly for respiratory, musculoskeletal and skin conditions. These drugs are associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and patients who are taking them need careful management to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis. The advent of nurse prescribing provides nurses with the opportunity to take greater responsibility for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in such patients. An understanding of the 2002 guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is therefore important for nurse prescribers who wish to develop their competency in this area of care.


An automatic feature selection based classification scheme in the Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) domain from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals has been presented in this study to identify left and right hand imagery movements. First, the EEG epochs are decomposed into different real and imaginary coefficient bands and then, some statistical features like norm entropy and mean absolute deviation (MAD) have been calculated. These features are combined into a single feature space and after that optimal features have been selected automatically imposing some feature selection criteria from this combined feature space. The selected features have been justified as suitable to classify different kinds of motor imagery EEG signals by statistical hypothesis testing (e.g., one way ANOVA) and graphical analyses (e.g., scatter plots). Finally, K-nearest neighbor (kNN) based classifiers are developed using these selected features for classifying 2 types of imagery hand movements. 90.36% overall accuracy is achieved in publicly available BCI competition II Graz data set which is shown to be superior than several existing methods.


Most of today's dictionaries of synonyms cover the lexeme level, whereas the clichés, aphorisms, and phraseology are underrepresented in their entries. One of the best ways of ordering the phrase-level synonyms is by relating them to the keyword descriptors within an onomasiological dictionary macrostructure, which would provide easier access to the users. Onomasiological dictionaries scarcely appear in modern lexicography due to difficulties of their usage. In the computational format, they become much more manageable thanks to the possibilities of the formal search. Since these dictionaries base on classificatory synoptic schemes, their compilation requires deep analytical data processing and intellectual efforts. An extremely detailed hierarchy would be difficult to use, and, conversely, a simple one hardly covers the most relevant semantic features of the entries.


Background: We carried out a study for the purpose of comparing the six sigma values of the Creactive protein (CRP) assay measured by immunonephometry with references of different authorities' quality criterias and evaluating the performance of the devices in our laboratory. Methods: In our study, internal quality control data of the CRP test performed on two different Siemens BN ProSpec (Dade Behring, Derfield, IL) devices at Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital. Results: According to Ricos 'desired Total allowable error (TEa) ratio'; all the sigma values of the CRP test in BN ProSpec-1 and BN ProSpec-2 nephelometry devices were calculated as> 6 σ in each of the three periods and the performance of the CRP test was notified as 'world class'. Also, the sigma value determined according to Ricos 'optimal TEa' ratio was 5.8 σ (3.90 to 8.48 σ in each period) on both devices and CRP test performance was defined as 'excellent'. Moreover, when we considered the ratio of Rilibak TEa, the mean sigma values were 3.9 σ (between 2.59 and 5.75 σ in all three periods) and the CRP test performance was identified 'good'. Conclusion: As a consequence, the performance of the CRP test with nephelometry was evaluated as 'good' when the Rilibak criteria with the lowest TEa values is taken into consideration. Therefore, it is necessary for the correct quality control analysis to establish the reference TEa% values of our country for the CRP test.


This paper deals with possible ways of initialization in the area of image segmentation by means of deformable models (of active contours). The paper clarifies basic principle of methods of deformable models, describes current existing methods and categorizes them. In the end it describes a method based on the cooperation with "Graph cut" method, and a method of initialization of detected motion of deformable models in dynamic images.


1 Abstract In this work several approximations of Petrov-Galerkin methods are considered in the framework of Convection-Diusion-R eaction problems. Such methods have improved the Galerkin method in relation to the stabilization of the resulting numerical schemes. We discuss the behaviour of StreamLine Upwind Diusion method (SUPG), Galerkin Least Square method (GLS) and Subgrid Scale method (SGS) by means of several tests.


In recent years, lots of researches have been launched on nanomaterials for biomedical applications. It has been shown that the performances of many biomaterials used in prosthodontics have been significantly enhanced after their scales were reduced by nanotechnology, from micron-size into nanosize. On the other hand, many nanocomposites composed of nanomaterials and traditional metals, ceramics, resin, or other matrix materials have been widely used in prosthodontics because their properties, such as modulus elasticity, surface hardness, polymerization shrinkage, and filler loading, were significantly increased after the addition of the nanomaterials. In this paper, the latest research progress on the applications of nanometals, nanoceramic materials, nanoresin materials, and other nanomaterials in prosthodontics was reviewed, which not only gives a detailed description of the new related investigations, but also hopefully provides important elicitation for future researches in this field.


Although the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has stipulated that minimum training to be provided to asbestos abatement workers and their supervisors, some states have expanded these requirements. These various training requirements are examined. The specific OSHA training requirements are presented. Comparisons are made with the specific requirements of various states which have promulgated additional regulations related to the training of asbestos abatement workers, asbestos supervisors, or asbestos abatement contractors. This evaluation should be useful in providing insights concerning the trend regarding asbestos-related training.


Pulsed arrays are collecting growing interest in many applications such as automotives, ground penetrating radar, Tera-Hertz imaging, and indoor tracking. This contribution presents the analytic derivation of the space-time and energy patterns of pulsed circular arrays in terms of geometrical and electrical parameters as well as of the distortion effect of the antennas. It is shown that the field emitted by a dense array can be represented as a summation of a practically finite set of high-order Hermite-Rodriguez waveforms, while the energy pattern is a generalized Hypergeometric Function. The angular and temporal resolution are finally related, through handy formulas, to the array size, to the input signals and to the antenna types.


During the 1950s and 1960s, Italy became an industrial society. The rural world, which
had hardly changed over centuries, underwent a momentous transformation. This PhD
thesis documents the changes in rural central Italy, specifically the Marche and Umbria
regions, between 1945 and 1970, and analyses how this period has been remembered.
This research is important because these major changes, including the collapse of the
dominant sharecropping system, have had very little attention; central Italy has been
neglected in favour of comparisons between North and South. Those who lived
through this period have not been heard, and that generation is now disappearing.
Fifty interviews were recorded with former sharecroppers and others, in three small
areas in the Umbria-Marche Apennines, during study in Italy in 2005, 2006 and 2007.
Local archives and libraries were also consulted.
The themes of the five chapters are: the decline of sharecropping; the social role of the
Church and its ownership of land; migration; change through political action and
mechanization; and abandonment of the countryside.
The research shows that as people left the countryside to work temporarily elsewhere,
many in other European countries, the rural population fell and the agricultural labour
market changed. Farming families had less insecurity and more choice. It finds that
sharecropping persisted until the 1990s, despite legislation intended to end it, but
farmers started to diversify outside the sharecropping contract which no longer
determined how people lived. The research suggests that the Church prefers to forget
that priests had to manage parish land under sharecropping. Peasants took political
action annually over sharecropping contracts, but this was patchy and is not always
remembered. Mechanization, however, is shown to have permanently affected the rural
economy. The crumbling of characteristic farmhouses in depopulated landscapes is
examined; their neglect suggests problematic memories of the peasant past.


Solder bridging is a common issue when surface mounting a package to motherboard. Limited studies have been conducted to understand the interaction between mold compound properties and substrate design on package coplanarity and how they relate to bridging. A recent study showed a clear influence of mold compound properties on localized unit coplanarity within a strip. The paper will also discuss both the modeling study and materials characterization effort on the fixes to prevent bridging.


As a result of oceanographic programs conducted over the past four decades, a large historical data base is available, and has been used, to document areas of recurrent hypoxia and high rates of primary production within the nearshore New Jersey coast. The onset of algal blooms and hypoxia appears to be related to nutrient loading and the respective time scales for biological and chemical reaction rates in relation to time scales for wind forcing and flushing. A synthesis of historical data and data obtained from numerical simulation of the 1976 anoxic event is used to demonstrate the significance of physical forcing on the onset, persistence and termination of algal blooms and hypoxia, including the 1976 anoxic event in New Jersey.


Three different types of fibre metal laminates (FMLs) with varying layers thickness, consisting of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) prepregs and magnesium alloy sheets, were prepared by a hot...


INTRODUCTIONIn 1919, Ida Cannon established the first department of psychosocial care in the hospital of Massachusetts, the United States of America (USA). This proved to be a proper 'breeding ground' for the subsequent emergence and development of psychosocial oncology in the USA (Fobair et al., 2009; Lauria, Hermann, Clark, & Stearns, 2001, p. ix). This is where Ruth Abram carried out her activities as the first author to give a written account - in her book Not Alone with Cancer: A Guide for Those Who Care, What to Expect, What To Do (Abrams, 1974) - of her experiences and observations during her activities with cancer patients and their relatives, taking place in the hospital of Massachusetts, the USA. In this volume, the existence of certain psychosocial needs among adult cancer patients were recognized for the first time.Appearance and development of the psycho-oncological approach was possible due to the fact that the 1970's brought along such a relapse in cases of cancer-related stigmatization that the studying of cancer patients' psychological reactions became possible (Holland, 2002; Holland, Breitbart, Jacobsen, Lederberg, Loscalzo, & McCorkle, 2010). Psycho-oncological research, also known as translational research, represent a modern and complex type of approaching cancer experience, using a high-quality methodology as it studies both the role and effect of biological, psychological, social, economic, and spiritual factors (Holland et al., 2010).Almost 100 years later, in 2016, psychosocial social oncology within the Romanian healthcare system is just in its initial stages and focus on the psychosocial aspects of patient-related needs and activities is still insufficient (O'Malley, Degi, Gilbert, & Munch, 2014). In the Romanian medical system, psycho-oncology - as a research field and an interdisciplinary area involving cooperation and intervention for several medical and/or psychosocial professions - is still in an experiential phase.Albeit in Romania more than 78 000 cases of cancer are diagnosed every year (IACR-WHO, 2012) and more than 48 000 deaths are registered due to malignancies, only some of the cancer patients benefit from professional psychosocial services (less than 5% of the cases). Based on a methodology developed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007), we estimate that in Romania circa. 4.5 million people and their families are affected by cancer or other incurable diseases.In the period between 1990 and 2005, in Romania, the incidence rate of all cancer types increased from 120.1 cases out of 100,000 in 1990 to 240.66 in 2005 (World Health Organization - WHO, 2009). More than two thirds of the cases were diagnosed in advanced disease stages (Mosoiu, 2002). Although malignancies represent the second most common cause of death in Romania, one out of five patients in oncology hospitals is not informed about their own cancer diagnosis (Degi, 2009).Living with a malignant tumor has its own anomalies that need to be understood. The appearance and clinical evolution of tumors are processes influenced by multiple factors (Degi, 2011; Greer, 2002). Malignant diseases make their first attack on the human body, but once the affected person becomes aware of this life event a destructive activity is immediately triggered, involving the individual's psyche and social life (Komlosi, 2006).Cancer-related distress, emotional and social suffering experienced by the patient (including symptoms of depression and anxiety, adjustment disorders, and stigmatization) represent the sixth vital sign, the sixth specific symptom besides body temperature, blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and pain (Bultz & Carlson, 2005; Holland & Bultz, 2007). The International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS) considers that recognizing and treating cancer-related distress should be an issue of human rights issues (IPOS, 2014).The World Health Organization (WHO) defines quality of life as the individual's perception of his/her place in life, as his/her assessment of his/her own status in the value and cultural system he/she live in, according to the personal aims, expectations, interests, and vulnerabilities (WHOQOL, 1995). …


Pickering emulsion systems have created new opportunities for two-phase biocatalysis, however their catalytic performance is often hindered by biphasic mass transfer process relying on the interfacial area. In this study, lipase-immobilized mesoporous silica particles (LMSPs) are employed as both Pickering stabilizers and biocatalysts. A series of alkyl silanes with the different carbon length are used to modify LMSPs to obtain suitable wettability and enlarge the interfacial area of Pickering emulsion. The results show the water/paraffin oil Pickering emulsions stabilized by 8 carbon atoms silane grafted LMSPs (LMSPs_C8) with a three-phase contact angles of 95° get the relatively large interfacial area. Moreover, the conversion of enzymatic reaction catalyzed by LMSPs_C8 Pickering emulsion system is 3.4 times higher than that unmodified LMSPs with the reaction time of 10 min. Additionally, the effective recycling of LMSPs is achieved by simple low-speed centrifugation. As evidenced by a 6-cycles reaction of remaining 75% of relative enzymatic activity, the protection of 350–450 nm mesoporous silica particles can alleviate the inactivation of enzyme from the shear stress and make a benefit to form stabile Pickering emulsion. Therefore, the biphasic reactions in the Pickering emulsion system can be effectively enhanced through changing interfacial area only by the means of adjusting the wettability of biocatalysts.


Objectives: This study was designed characteristics of 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) for the left free wall lateral of accessory pathway (AP) localization in the typical WPW syndrome to develop a new algorithm ECG for localizing APs, and to test the accuracy of the algorithm prospectively.
Methods: We studied 129 patients, in 84 patients with typical WPW syndrome have a single anterograde with the localization of APs identified by successful radiofrequency catheter ablation (RCFA) to develop a new ECG algorithm for the left free wall of localizing APs. Then this algorithm was tested prospectively in 45 patients were compared with the location of AP's successful ablation by RCFA.
 Results: We found that the 12 lead ECG parameters in typical WPW syndrome such as delta wave polarity in V1, R/S ratio in V1, the transition of the QRS complex, delta wave polarity in inferior leads in diagnosis for the localization of APs by with high accuracy predicted from 74,5% to 100%, and for development of a new ECG algorithm. Then the following 45 patients were prospectively evaluated by the new derived algorithm for the left free wall pathways with high sensitivity and specificity from 75% to 100%.
Conclusion: 12-lead ECG parameters in typical WPW syndrome closely related to left free wall of APs localization, in order to develop the new ECG algorithm by parameters as above; and can be used to a new ECG algorithm in predicting the location APs with high accuracy.


Many papers have been devoted to the motion of dislocation lines in crystals. The string model and the kink model presented the most relevant theoretical approach. However, each model independently can not describe all experimental data. In this paper is presented experimental data of logarithmic decrement associated to dislocation lines, measured in Hz and MHz ranges, on high purity copper single crystals plastically deformed by compression and torsion at room temperature. The experimental data obtained for the Bordoni Peak, analyzed on the basis of the kink model, shows the predicted temperature dependence of the effective enthalpy, a evidence of the kink diffusion mechanism. The data can be well fitted over all temperature range investigated, assuming the contribution of kink relaxation and kink resonance aging simultaneously. From the last mechanism a temperature dependent kink density is assumed. This procedure allows to explain the width and the asymmetry of the Bordoni peak.


Mindful of the maxim, De mortuis nil nisi bonum, the reviewer approached this posthumously published work with some slight trepidation. Happily, the concern proved unwarranted: this short volume stands tall on its own merits. The initial chapter, concerned with what one might designate the psychological homeostasis of man, deals with theoretical concepts which Cameron regarded as useful toward understanding the workings of psychotherapy. Each human organism, semi-autonomous in nature, in constant interaction within itself and with its environment, reacts differently because of variations in genetic, maturational, experiential, and internal evolutionary factors. As befits the title of the book, the author pictured the therapist as an active and continual participant in the process, not as a detached observer. Although by no means disregarding the influences of early life, Cameron emphasized especially causative factors operating in the immediate present: "Far too many therapists are still looking only at the earliest periods of


The adoption of inflation targeting in emerging market economies makes accurate forecasting of inflation and output growth of primary importance for these economies. Since only short spans of data are available for emerging markets, autoregressive and small-scale vector autoregressive models can be suggested as forecasting tools. However, these models include only few time series from the whole variety of data available to forecasters. Therefore dynamic factor models extracting information from a large number of time series, can be suggested as a reasonable alternative. In this paper two approaches are evaluated on the basis of data available for Brazil and Russia. The results allow us to suggest that the forecasting performance of the models considered depends on the statistical properties of the series to be forecast, which are affected by structural changes and changes in operating regime. This interaction between the statistical properties of the series and the forecasting performance of models requires more detailed investigation.


Xiao Hong was a Chinese "Nora" who got away from her father's home bravely in1930s,and she rebelled her father definitely extremely.In her prose and autobiography novels,her father,Zhang Tingju,was described as a cruelty selfish man who lacked ethical feeling.But in some of her short stories just like "Watch kites","Shout in the Weald" and "North China",the father's image was very vivid and moving,and their emotion structure modes were quite alike,namely "the son left home—the father missed his son fondly". It's really too surprising for Xiao Hong,who had ever vigorously resisted her father's power to make every effort in some of her novels to get around the sharp conflict of father and son,and kept describing the same type of father image in different periods.The author of this article try to get a reasonable explanation for this kind of strange phenomenon by analyzing Xiao Hong's novels and her emotion experience and mental state of creations.


Modern armed conflicts can cause serious humanitarian disasters, and remote sensing technology is critical in monitoring war crimes and assessing post-war damage. In this study, a constrained energy minimization algorithm incorporating the feature bands (IFB-CEM) is designed to detect urban burning areas in optical images. Due to the difficulty of obtaining the ground survey data of the battlefield, the dual-polarization normalized coherence index (DPNCI) is designed based on the multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image, and the quantitative inversion and evaluation of the destruction of urban architecture are combined with the public images on the Internet. The results show that the burning area is widely distributed in the armed conflict region, and the distribution is most concentrated around the Azovstal steel and iron works. The burning area reached its peak around 22 March, and its change is consistent with the conflict process in time and space. About 79.2% of the buildings in the city were severely damaged or completely destroyed, and there was a significant correlation with burning exposure. The results of this study show that publicly available medium-resolution remote sensing data and Internet information have the ability to respond quickly to the damage assessment of armed conflict and can provide preliminary reference information for dealing with humanitarian disasters.


Production and control of surface wave (SW) plasma at low pressures (∼10 mTorr) were studied using slot antenna excitation. High-density (>1011 cm-3) planar plasmas (with a diameter of 22 cm) were produced in Ar or CF4 gases using slot antenna excitation techniques. On increasing the microwave power or adjusting the tuner, we observed a mode jump from a low-density to an overdense (ωpe>ω) SW plasma mode. The observed mode jump is consistent with the results of a simplified theoretical eigenmode analysis under the assumption of uniform density distribution in the plasma (the two-interface model).


With the development of ocean exploration, cabled ocean observatory has gained more and more attention for its continuous, long-term and large scale. The reliability of the undersea instrument is one of the most important characteristics of the system, which determined the useful service life of the seafloor observatory. Because of the complicated environment on the seafloor, many faults may occur during the operation of the system, such as ground fault, leak fault, short fault, and so on. So, the undersea fault isolation of the system over its planned life is one of the most challenging issues in the design of cabled ocean observatory. This paper analysis the reasons and positions of the short faults during the operation of the undersea system and discussed the methods to isolate the fault parts from other normal parts. A sea trial in South China Sea is presented in this paper.


The present invention discloses a kind of Chinese medicine composition for treating ulcerative colitis and its preparation process. The Chinese medicine composition is prepared with heroubill geranium, Chinese goldthread, astragalus root and Dangshen in certain weight proportion as the material. The medicine components from heroubill geranium and Chinese goldthread are released in colon, while the medicine components from astragalus root and Dangshen are released in the stomach and small intestine. The Chinese medicine composition has certain clinical application foreground.


The key of searching for carbonate reservoirs is to find large water-eroded caves filled with liquids.The AVO analysis can identify the nature of the cavern filling in the Tahe Oil Field.Where the water-eroded cave filler is liquid,it has intense S-wave.This is because the S-wave can not be spread in liquids,hence the cavity boundary is the absolute reflection of S-wave.In other words,where the cavity filler is liquid,it has intense reflection of S-wave and P-wave.The AVO technique can thus be used to obtain elastic inversion data.The S-wave attributes can be extracted and the water-eroded cave filled with liquids can be identified.


This study explores the views and experiences of home educators, children and young people with regard to elective home education (EHE) practice and learning and its position in society. The outcomes of this provision are also examined. This study is topical due to the anecdotal evidence which suggests that home education or home schooling is growing in the UK and worldwide, and there is a resurgence of interest in home education in political and media discourse in the UK. Moreover, this study is also timely due to home education being an under-researched area generally, with children and young people's views rarely elicited.

The study found that the practices and activities pursued by EHE families were diverse, whether they were focused in the home or other environments. The diversity of the practices followed also echoes the diversity of the sample population itself; although dissatisfaction with schools or established schooling ranked high among those reasons. The experiences and outcomes afforded by EHE were on the whole positive but nonetheless challenges were mentioned with regards to support and funding. Recommendations include greater awareness about EHE as a legal alternative to school; access to/and funding for exams; and increased training for Local Authority officials charged with overseeing or monitoring this area.


The study was conduction to determine the Adaption of information and communication technology (ICT) in management center of information and service resources and service in Eye centre research library, Katsina. A case study research method was adopted for this research and the data for the investigation were derived through the use of questionnaire observation and interview figures derive from the data were expressed in frequency and percentage and tables were uses to enhance comparism of data. The findings revealed that ICT affects the management of information resource through analysis of users needs, through inter and inter-library communication resource through e-mail cell phones and slides/slides projector, Also the library provided service such as internet service, email a fax simile (fax) machine, photocopying, online information service ,and management information services. The finding also revealed the problem or challenge in the application of ICT resources this includes: funds personal, power supply software, hardware network ICT. Resource in the library on the basis of findings, conclusions were made for the improvement of management (ICT) resources and services in eye centre research library. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n7p48


PCR amplification was performed using two universal primers (Un1 and Un2) designed from among the conserved regions of cry1B and cry1Aa genes. A total of 14 and 5 fragments were displayed among different local Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolates using Un1 and Un2, respectively. Each isolate differed from the others based on specific amplified patterns of PCR products. Genetic distances calculated from amplified fragments revealed three and two clusters with Un1 and Un2, respectively. Nei's genetic similarity index showed some isolates to be similar while others to be divergent. Furthermore, two pairs of specific primers were designed to identify cry1B and cry1Aa genes among 14 local Bt isolates. Analysis with cry1B primer showed that a 1.35-kb fragment was amplified from seven isolates, while with cry1Aa primer a 1.30-kb fragment was amplified from five of the seven isolates. SDS-PAGE protein profiles of some local Bt isolates, two Bt standards and a commercial product revealed a total of 37 protein bands, 21 of which were commonly detected in the seven Bt isolates, while the remaining 16 bands showed high variability among the isolates. Protein analysis of the seven isolates showed that both the total and the variable bands were higher in the five isolates containing the two genes (cry1B and cry1Aa) than the other two isolates containing the cry1B gene only. Some unique bands with different density and intensity were detected among the 14 isolates which discriminated them with different characteristic protein profiles, even those isolates with no known or identified -endotoxin genes. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Chemsex is the use of psychoactive substances, mainly gamma-hydroxybutyrate, 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone), and methamphetamines to facilitate and enhance the experience of sexual intercourse. The toxicity of these drugs may be problematic and lead to a fatal outcome in some patients. We present the case of a 26-year-old man living with human immunodeficiency virus whose frequent use of mephedrone caused his death.


A study on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with extracts of Syzygium guineense as sensitizer is reported for the first time. DSSCs were assembled using natural dye extracted from Syzygium guineense as sensitizer. The photoelectrochemical performance of the quasi-solid state DSSCs based on the ethanol extract dye showed V OC of 0.506 V and J SC of 2.03  mAcm−2; and a power conversion efficiency of 0.51%. UV-vis spectroscopy studies of light absorption of the natural dye were done. Furthermore, the ethanol extract obtained from Syzygium guineense was further purified stepwise through solvent-solvent extraction. The photoelectrochemical performance for the extracts with different solvents indicated that the individual components have synergistic effect in the performance of the DSSC.


This paper proposes a multi-band disc model to do document page segmentation to segregate text blocks from graphic images. We first introduce the idea of our disc-model and go on to discuss the improved multi-band version of the disc- model. The disc-model takes a bottom-up segmentation approach that tries to establish local neighborhood of objects on a page and then trace the propagation of such neighborhood until all objects in text blocks are reached. The significance of the disc-model is the link established between the sizes of the objects and their positional thus logical relationship. Furthermore, the disc-model is rotational symmetric. Therefore, the disc-model can be applied to text with mixed typefaces, with arbitrary outline shapes. It is tolerable to skews or misalignment of the objects in the input images.


ABSTRACT Feedback is an essential component of children's learning; yet, how it is provided through the edutainment market for preschoolers is largely understudied. This study examined the prevalence and patterns of different types of positive and negative verbal and non-verbal feedback in 76 digital games produced by three popular US networks. Fifteen types of feedback were distinguished: nine types in response to incorrect actions and six types in response to correct actions. Although most games offered feedback, very few provided the types of feedback known to promote learning. Specifically, games relied on simple non-specific verification to indicate whether players' actions were right or wrong and missed opportunities to use elaborative and scaffolded feedback to help players understand why an action was correct or incorrect. Additionally, games seldom missed an opportunity to provide positive feedback but often omitted negative feedback. Finally, games used repeated instructions but not positive feedback to motivate game-play. Focusing on a diversity of types of games (from math to art) available on web- and/or mobile platforms, we find a disconnect between design features associated with children's learning and the actual design of edutainment for young children.


The relation between level crossings, entanglement, and Berry phases is investigated for the Breit-Rabi Hamiltonian of hydrogen and sodium atoms, describing a hyperfine interaction of electron and nuclear spins in a magnetic field. It is shown that the entanglement between nuclear and electron spins is maximum at avoided crossings. An entangled state encircling avoided crossings acquires a marginal Berry phase of a subsystem like an instantaneous eigenstate moving around real crossings accumulates a Berry phase. Especially, the nodal points of a marginal Berry phase correspond to the avoided crossing points.


Fluorescent granular perithelial (FGP) cells introduced by Mato et al. (1979, 1980, 1981) are situated in the Virchow‐Robin space of cerebral microvessels and exhibit a marked uptake capacity for the endo‐ and exogenous materials in physiological conditions. That is, the FGP cells are the perivascular macrophage lineage enclosed by a basal lamina and glia limitans and are distributed between blood vessels and cerebral parenchyma. As reported previously, the FGP cells were distinguishable from microglia and pericytes in their morphology, location, and epitopes on their cytoplasmic membrane. On the other hand, it is established that microglia are upregulated by lipopolysaccaride (LPS) administration, but it remains unsettled whether the FGP cells, the perivascular macrophagic cells, are activated by LPS or not and what role the FGP cells play in the upregulation of microglia. Thus far, the morphological relationship between FGP cells and microglia in the process of upregulation has not been clarified.


In recent years, magnetic pulse welding (MPW) technology has shown broad application prospects because of its unique advantages in dissimilar metal welding. The metal jet can clean up the dirt and oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece and promote metallurgical bonding, which is the key step in the MPW process. To explore the formation mechanism and characteristics of the metal jet, an experiment platform and integrated observation system for MPW was established in this work to carry out welding experiments on Al and Cu sheets. The complete metal jet trajectory was captured, and a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation model was established based on the calculation of collision speed and collision angle. The results show that when the discharge voltage is 15 kV, the collision speed is about 404 m/s and the collision angle is about 17º. The metal jet is generated at the angle between the Cu and Al sheets, forming the bright flash. And the intensity of the flash caused by the metal jet first increases and then decreases. The metal jet is composed of metal particles that fall off the surface of the sheet after the collision, with the characteristics of high temperature and high speed. This work can provide theoretical support for the in-depth study of the MPW mechanism and improvement of the welding effect.


Space robot assistants are envisaged as semi-autonomous co-workers deployed to lighten the workload of astronauts in cumbersome and dangerous situations. In view of this, this work considers the prospects on the technology requirements for future space robot operations, by presenting a novel mission control concept for close astronaut-robot collaboration. A decentralized approach is proposed, in which an astronaut is put in charge of commanding the robot, and a mission control center on Earth maintains a list of authorized robot actions by applying symbolic, geometric, and context-specific filters. The concept is applied to actual space robot operations within the METERON SUPVIS Justin experiment. In particular, it is shown how the concept is utilized to guide an astronaut aboard the ISS in its mission to survey and maintain a solar panel farm in a simulated Mars environment.


There is an obvious disparity between different regions in our country, which is well reflected in our empirical study on the relationship between the environmental regulation and the economic growth in the eastern, middle, and western parts of China through giving an econometric analysis to the panel data of 30 provincial regions from 1998 to 2006. In the long run, there is a causal relationship between the level of environmental regulation and the economic growth in these regions. In the short run, the influence of environmental regulation and the economic growth in the eastern region is significant and that in the middle region is weak; but in the western region, to some extent the economic growth promotes the environmental regulation. Therefore, it is necessary to take some effective measures to enhance the productive interaction and coordinated development of the environmental regulation and the economic growth in different regions of China.


In this paper, a direct torque control (DTC) is developed for a two series connected six-phase & three-phase motor drive (IMs) with sinusoidal distributed windings and fed by single six-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). Direct torque control also considered as a variable structure control strategy with simplicity, fast response and tolerance to motor parameter variations; it provides direct control of stator flux and torque by optimally selecting the inverter states in each sampling period. In case of multi-phase system drive, the increased number of voltages vectors offers greater flexibility in optimizing the selection of the inverter states. The technique elaborated in this work based direct torque control allows independently control of the system fed by single inverter. The effectiveness and capability of the proposed method are shown by computer simulation.


The present paper is concerned with welfare analysis of the equilibrium outcome from tying an application to a system platform in the market for PC software systems. The issue has gained popularity in the last decade around the anti-trust cases against Microsoft. What is new in the present paper is that the market for PC software systems is assumed to be vertically differentiated. That is, there are well-defined leaders in quality whose brands dominate the market. First, the paper aims to show that the tying arrangement of Microsoft does not need to be driven by market-power-leverage incentives. In fact, the solution of the model shows that at the subgame-perfect equilibrium the tying decision of Microsoft must rather be driven by market-share-saving incentives. Second, the social welfare effect of tying in this case is measured and compared to the social welfare in the benchmark non-tying case. The results imply that tying leads to increase in the average quality in the market which is sufficient to compensate for the negative welfare effect of having the market non-covered. As a net effect both consumer surplus and social welfare would increase while production surplus would decrease.


An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of inoculation of non-symbiotic azotobacteria BC2 isolating from wheatgrass(Agropyrom cristatum) on the growth and fixing nitrogen.The results of this study showed that BC2 inoculation increased the dry weight of wheatgrass and nitrogen-fixing capability with 42.55 mg/kg in the entire system when compared to the control.The effectiveness of inoculation was better due to soil sterilization and the total nitrogen content of sterilized soil with 80.95 mg/kg was twice of the unsterilized soil.This study also showed that BC2 inoculation improved the N fixation efficiency via increasing the soil carbon source.


Humans demonstrate remarkable abilities to perceive physical and social events based on very limited information (e.g., movements of a few simple geometric shapes). However, the computational mechanisms underlying intuitive physics and social perception remain unclear. In an effort to identify the key computational components, we propose a unified psychological space that reveals the partition between the perception of physical events involving inanimate objects and the perception of social events involving human interactions with other agents. This unified space consists of two prominent dimensions: an intuitive sense of whether physical laws are obeyed or violated; and an impression of whether an agent possesses intentions, as inferred from movements. We adopt a physics engine and a deep reinforcement learning model to synthesize a rich set of motion patterns. In two experiments, human judgments were used to demonstrate that the constructed psychological space successfully partitions human perception of physical versus social events.


A PR4 read/write IC operating at 50-200 Mb/s while consuming 0.85 W is implemented in 0.5 /spl mu/m BiCMOS technology. The device integrates all of the read/write functions and, in addition, provides a servo demodulator and power management in a single 64-pin TQFP package. PR4 equalization is achieved via a continuous time filter and a 7-tap continuous time transversal equalizer using signed-signed least mean square adaptation.


Abstract Ependymomas (EPN) arise in the supratentorial brain (ST-EPN), posterior fossa (PF-EPN), or the spinal cord (SP-EPN), in children and adults. Molecular profiling has identified distinct subgroups in each location. Among the three molecular subgroups of PF-EPN, PFAs are characterized by young median age at diagnosis, an overall balanced genome and bad clinical outcome (56 % 10-year OS). Therapy involves tumor resection and radiotherapy, but the role of chemo- or targeted therapies remains to be defined. Recently, we and others identified enhancer of zeste inhibiting protein (EZHIP) as potential driver of PFAs. By inhibiting EZH2, catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), EZHIP prevents the distribution of the epigenetic repressor mark H3K27me3. However, since EZHIP does not possess any known enzymatic functions, it does not seem to be the druggable target urgently searched for in PFA. We therefore focused on essential and potentially druggable interactions. Here, we present ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7), a known cancer regulator with multiple inhibitors available, which has been shown to interact with EZHIP in non-PFA cells. We confirmed this interaction in PFA cells by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, and showed that the EZHIP-USP7 interaction is independent of EZH2, a separate interactor of both. Functionally, we show that USP7 de-ubiquitinates EZHIP, preventing its degradation and thus stabilizing it. As EZHIP is essential for PFA cell survival, we aim to target EZHIP indirectly by affecting its stability regulation via USP7. Knockdown experiments showed a susceptibility of PFA cells to a USP7 loss, focusing on proliferation, apoptosis, and expressional changes induced by altered USP7 levels. Moreover, USP7 inhibitors highly affected the survival of different PFA cell lines at a low micromolar IC50 in vitro and in vivo treatments of PFA patient-derived xenografts with USP7 inhibitors are ongoing, hopefully helping to improve targeted therapies for PFA ependymoma patients.


Whether the test of free-flight stall/spin can be carried out successfully, it depends on the airborne anti-stall parachute system, the performance indexes of the system are related to the test pilots' safety directly. There are large numbers of test signals in the system and half of them are transient pulse signals, so it requires high real-time capability and data throughput level. Thus the danger of the Ignition testing experiment, Telemetry Tracking Monitoring is requisite. To satisfy the need of measuring electric parameters of an airborne anti-stall parachute system, a multi-thread real-time DAQ system of multi-task is constructed, using dual-core industrial computer and high-speed DAQ card as its core, LabWindows/CVI as VI software platform. By a method of dual-core parallel processing through OS kernel, system accomplishes multi-channel data acquisition with high real-timing and huge data throughput, and through TCP/IP, ODBC interface, remote measurement and database management is also accomplished. At the last, the system design a modularize software by DLL technology, packaging several functional modules in DLL form. This system implements the multi-thread mechanism and its synchronization, TCP/IP communication and parallel processing under LabWindows/CVI platform. Finally high real-timing and reliability of this system are validated by experiment.


Objective To evalute the treatmat of three and four part fractures of the proximal humerus with a locking proximal humerus plate. Methods 15 comminuted fracture of proximal humerus were used with a locking proximal humerus plate in all pateients. Results 15 cases had been followed up for an average 5 months, Satisfactory results were obtained in all patients, with Neers evalution, excellent and good were 86.6%. Conclusion The locking proximal humerus plate appears to be useful device for treatment of comminuted fracture of proximal humerus in young patients.


Setting up the new relationship of demand and supply between enterprises and clients,distinguishing the differences in clients,providing power and service according to different demands,all of them are the important marketing strategy for power supply enterprise in reforming and innovating.Firstly the paper simply explains the meaning and the basic viewpoint of management for client relationship,then explores the data dig,data storage and software function in order to lead the total plan for the system of electric power client management.


'Ohio 7870' tomato transplants were planted no-till in 25-foot rows on 15 May '85 with a 2-row Holland transplanter equipped with a chisel in front of each planter shoe. Plots consisted of a single treatment row buffered on each side by an untreat guard row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance beween plants within the row was 12 inches. Transplanting was made in overwintered rye. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk "A" loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 7, 27 Jun; 3, 18 and 23 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of CPB adults and larvae/10 plants and the % defoliation were recorded Yields were taken on 6 Aug from a 10-ft section of row.


Summary The rate of turnover of plasma phospholipids is not increased above normal in the diabetic state. This and other evidence reviewed here fails to support the concept that phospholipids are agents for the transport of fatty acids.


Cancer is a genetic disease and genetic mutation is in the heart of carcinogenesis. We attribute the defects to gene, but in fact it is their genetic protein products that regulate all cell activities, like cell division, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair, apoptosis, cell differentiation, etc. When they (gene and genetic protein) get mutated, a step ahead is taken towards carcinogenesis. The mutation leads to some basic attributes which ultimately is responsible for carcinogenesis. These are self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to growth inhibitory signals, evasion of apoptosis, unlimited replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, invasive and metastasizing capabilities, and genomic instability due to defects in DNA repair. It is not necessary that all the attributes are essentially playing part at a given time, but some may be playing more important role than other. An endeavor is made in this article to address these attributes and their influence in carcinogenesis.


This work shows the experimental values of excess properties and at two temperatures and the isobaric vapor−liquid equilibria at 101.32 kPa for binary systems composed of the first four butyl alkanoates with tert-butyl alcohol. None of the mixtures presented azeotropes, and all of the experimental data p−T−x−y were checked with a point-to-point test, proving to be thermodynamically consistent. The correlation of vapor−liquid equilibria and excess enthalpies was done simultaneously using different expressions with temperature-dependent coefficients. The model that gave the most acceptable correlation for the four mixtures was the polynomial expression proposed in this work. The NRTL model gave acceptable estimations of , and the UNIQUAC, of equilibrium data. Two versions of the UNIFAC model were used:  the original one with parameters by Hansen et al. and the version modified by Gmehling et al., which predicts the equilibrium data as the mixing enthalpies. This last version estimated with differences of ar...


A thermosetting resin composition which has excellent ordinary-temperature storability and which, when heated and press-molded, is less apt to suffer the oozing of the unreacted epoxy resin, etc., the thermosetting resin composition comprising an acrylic copolymer containing epoxidized (meth)acrylic ester units, an epoxy resin, and a hardener for epoxy resins. In this thermosetting resin composition, the epoxy groups of at least the acrylic copolymer have been partly crosslinked with a thiol compound having 2-4 thiol groups per molecule and with an amine compound, and the hardener for epoxy resins is an organic acid dihydrazide.


I n the globalized world, Black women and girls are most aff ected by racial violence. In addition to poverty, structural unemployment, and inadequate social programs in capitalist states such as Brazil and the United States, gender violence and sexual assault are among the factors pushing Black women into the streets as a means of survival. Black women have occupied the streets since slavery. Yet by reappropriating life in the city, albeit within borders defi ned by the colonizer, new possibilities emerge. And paradoxically, these possibilities enable women


Scandinavian party competition has incorporated divisions over European integration to a greater degree than most West European party systems, but with considerable variation in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. From a comparative politics perspective this raises questions about the relatively high salience of Euro‐scepticism in Scandinavian politics, the differences between the three cases and changes over time. The central argument in this article is that Europeanisation of party politics ‐ the translation of issues related to European integration into domestic party politics ‐ is driven by the dynamics of long‐ and short‐term government‐opposition competition, and the key driver of change is party strategy. Whether at the centre or extremes of the party system, Euro‐scepticism is a product of party competition — and is, both in its origins and development, 'the politics of opposition '.


Abstract A method based on the use of an ion-exchange column, post-column derivatization with 2,4-pentane-dione (acetylacetone), and photometric detection for the determination of low levels of formaldehyde in aqueous solution is described. The lower limit of detection is 5 μg/L (ppb) and response is linear up to at least 10 mg/L. Reproducibility at the 1 mg/L level is 0.6% RSD. Determination of formaldehyde concentration in several aldehyde systems is demonstrated.


The periodic reaction between malonic acid, sulphuric acid, potassium bromate, and a catalyst is inhibited by molecular oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and acrylonitrile, and hence has a free-radical mechanism.


Abstract A novel lipophilic conjugate of folate, folate-PEG-Chol, was synthesized and evaluated for receptor-mediated targeting of liposomes to tumor cells. Liposomes composed of DSPC/Chol/PEG-DSPE/folate-PEG-Chol (60/ 34/5/1, m/m) were taken up by cultured folate receptor-bearing KB cells via a saturable mechanism. Cellular binding of these liposomes could be competitively inhibited by free folic acid with an IC50 of 0.39 mM, indicating an extraordinarily high binding affinity. Fluorescence micrographs of KB cells treated with targeted liposomes encapsulating calcein showed that they were distributed both on the cell surface and in intracellular vesicular compartments. Targeted liposomes carrying doxorubicin were shown to be 38 times more toxic to KB cells than non-targeted control liposomes. A biodistribution study in receptor-positive tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice showed no significant differences between the tumor uptake of folate-PEG-liposomes and non-targeted control liposomes. This study has demonstrated that cholesterol could be used as an alternative to phospholipids as an effective anchor for incorporation of a targeting ligand into liposomes.


This paper explores low-cost hardware and software methods to provide depth cues traditionally absent in monocular displays. The use of a VRPN server in conjunction with a Microsoft Kinect and/or Nintendo Wiimote to provide head tracking information to a Unity application, and NVIDIA 3D Vision for retinal disparity support, is discussed. Methods are suggested to implement this technology with NASA's EDGE simulation graphics package, along with potential caveats. Finally, future applications of this technology to astronaut crew training, particularly when combined with an omnidirectional treadmill for virtual locomotion and NASA's ARGOS system for reduced gravity simulation, are discussed.