The 'Cyber Security Governance in the Indo-Pacific: Policy Futures in Australia, Indonesia and the Pacific' Policy Engagement Program (PEP) highlights the strengths and weaknesses in regional cyber security governance. Importantly, it identifies key policy priorities from an Australian, Indonesian and Pacific Island Countries' (PIC) perspective and, through its recommendations, identifies new paths for cooperative engagement between Australia and its regional partners.Notwithstanding the fact that Indonesia and the PICs have unique socio-political and economic contexts, the PEP online Roundtable Discussion, which formed the foundation of this think piece, highlights many areas of commonality around threats and challenges in the cyber domain. Through an online exchange of ideas between experts from The University of Queensland (UQ), the Department of Home Affairs, Indonesia's National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN), the Democracy and Integrity for Peace (DIP) Institute, Indonesia and the Indonesian Defence University (Unhan), one can see there are models and initiatives that can be replicated by countries pursuing their own paths to cyber security resilience in the face of rapid technological change.In practical terms, the PEP Roundtable Discussion highlights how Australia has defined its own regulatory and policy approach to defend governments, businesses, and communities from malicious cyber activity. Such an approach has lessons for countries like Indonesia, which is contending with legislative and policy gaps, weak wholeof-government coordination, and a relatively low knowledge base among legislators and policy makers. This is a problem not unique to Indonesia and, indeed, represents a challenge common also to many of the PICs. Ideas and expertise flow both ways, however, and our Indonesian experts have made innovative policy recommendations and identified areas for further engagement.Based on the contributions of our panellists and contributors, there is clearly scope to further tailor regional capacity building programs through increased coordination, knowledge exchange and workshopping of national cyber security legislation and strategic guidance. Inherent in Australia's Cyber Security Strategy 2020 also are solutions to Indonesia and the PICs outreach and engagement objectives, particularly in the expansion of Joint Cyber Security Centres (JCSCs), which link federal government agencies to their subnational counterparts and also to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Finally, production of popular cyber security media programs, which could be subtitled and streamed across the region, hold promise for raising vital public awareness. Moreover, the think piece highlights the importance of universities as a source of innovation, interdisciplinary research and as a testbed for cyber security competitions, exercises, and ideas. We commend the recommendations to you.


The prediction accuracy of the conventional DRASTIC model (CDM) algorithm for groundwater vulnerability assessment is severely limited by the inherent subjectivity and uncertainty in the integration of data obtained from various sources. This study attempts to overcome these problems by exploring the potential of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique as a decision support model to optimize the CDM algorithm. The AHP technique was utilized to compute the normalized weights for the seven parameters of the CDM to generate an optimized DRASTIC model (ODM) algorithm. The DRASTIC parameters integrated with the ODM algorithm predicted which among the study areas is more likely to become contaminated as a result of activities at or near the land surface potential. Five vulnerability zones, namely: no vulnerable(NV), very low vulnerable (VLV), low vulnerable (LV), moderate vulnerable (MV) and high vulnerable (HV) were identified based on the vulnerability index values estimated with the ODM algorithm. Results show that more than 50% of the area belongs to both moderate and high vulnerable zones on the account of the spatial analysis of the produced ODM-based groundwater vulnerability prediction map (GVPM).The prediction accuracy of the ODM-based – GVPM with the groundwater pH and manganese (Mn) concentrations established correlation factors (CRs) result of 90 % and 86 % compared to the CRs result of 62 % and 50 % obtained for the validation accuracy of the CDM – based GVPM. The comparative results, indicated that the ODM-based produced GVPM is more reliable than the CDM – based produced GVPM in the study area. The study established the efficacy of AHP as a spatial decision support technique in enhancing environmental decision making with particular reference to future groundwater vulnerability assessment.


Medical Histology teaching has changed drastically over the last decade from traditional microscopy to virtual microscopy. In this digital age, the way that students learn has changed as well. Many students prefer independent study and preparation over traditional mandatory lectures and laboratory sessions. However, due to the hands‐on nature of Histology lab, not all the students were able to learn how to recognize tissues by themselves. We sought to develop an approach that would accommodate students' different learning needs without compromising the practical elements of Histology.


Introduction People choose to can foods at home for many reasons: to preserve the harvest from their gardens or local farmers markets for year-round enjoyment; to gain more control over what is in their food by limiting or avoiding salt, sugar or preservatives; to save money; to get better-tasting canned foods; to follow family traditions; or just for the sense of satisfaction that home canning provides.


The convex rope problem, posed by Peshkin and Sanderson in IEEE J. Robotics Automat, 2 (1986) pp. 53-58, is to find the counterclockwise and clockwise convex ropes starting at the vertex a and ending at the vertex b of a simple polygon, where a is on the boundary of the convex hull of the polygon and b is visible from infinity. In this paper, we present a linear time algorithm for solving this problem without resorting to a linear-time triangulation algorithm and without resorting to a convex hull algorithm for the polygon. The counterclockwise (clockwise, respectively) convex rope consists of two polylines obtained in a basic incremental strategy described in convex hull algorithms for the polylines forming the polygon from a to b.


Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) have been found to greatly enhance the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) efficiency in recent studies.However,the underlying mechanism is still unclear,though several hypotheses have been proposed in previous studies.It was found that AuNPs enhanced the PCR efficiency in a concentration-dependent manner. However,the addition of DNA polymerase or bovine serum albumin(BSA) could eliminate the inhibitory effects of excess AuNPs.Based on these results we propose a possible mechanism that AuNPs might interact with polymerase in a manner analogous toβ-sliding clamp to modulate the activity of polymerase and improve PCR amplification;while the excess AuNPs binding to ssDNA to produce a steric effect might inhibit amplification efficiency.


This article reports details on manufacturing and quality of laminates based on glass fibre fabric and glass fibre roving in combination with cyclic butylenes terephthalate (CBT) matrix, which is suitable for resin infusion. At this stage, Cyclics ® CBT 160 resin in powder form was used to manufacture a 5 mm thick laminate by alternating layer of CBT powder and glass fibre No-Crimp-Fabrics (NCF) or filament wound Unidirectional (UD) lamina. The lay-ups were vacuum bagged and consolidated into laminates by vacuum consolidation. The present article investigates the process difficulties, control of parameters, and the microstructure of thermoplastic Glass/CBT laminates. The study shows the difference in the laminate quality produced using NCF and UD glass fibre roving wounded onto a frame. The microscopy study reveals the material quality for both laminates as well as the process intricacies.


The aim of this article is to analyze the link between gender, migration and work in family farming. We study the case of horticulture in Argentina, a labor niche historically segmented by nationality, currently dominated by Bolivian families of peasant origin who come to the country in search of better working conditions. This migratory process can be understood within the framework of social mobility process, in which transnational relations are also established, since societies of origin and destination keep related through networks established by migrants. In this context, we inquire about the place that women occupy in the migratory process and about their experiences as rural migrant workers. Understanding that patriarchal forms of domination are reproduced through common senses transmitted from generation to generation, we seek to understand how the roles assigned to (and played by) women in this sector of family farming are raised. A longitudinal perspective, through the analysis of trajectories, allows us to reconstruct the ways in which these roles are configured, reproduced and transformed over time. The main dimensions that emerge from the analysis of the labor and migration trajectories of Bolivian women who live and work in La Plata's horticultural belt are: the forms of family organization of work in the Bolivian peasant economy; the factors that motivate and / or constrain women to start a migratory project; and its labor and territorial insertion itineraries in Argentina.


The article summarizes the present research works of authors on application of glycidol [(2,3-epoxypropanol-1), see equation (1)] to obtain the reactive amphiphilic polyethers showing the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous solutions. The conditions of the syntheses of linear and comb-like glycidol homopolymers [equations (2)-(5)] have been discussed. Two basic methods of the synthesis of the polymers with controlled ratio of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments were presented. The first one is an esterification of glycidol homopolymer with acetic anhydride [equation (7)] and leads to random thermo-sensitive copolymers of glycidol with glycidol acetate (Table 2). The other method let obtain, in the process of anionic living copolymerization, triblock copolymers containing the central hydrophilic block of polyethylene oxide (PEOX) and two hydrophobic side blocks of polyglycidol acetal (PAG1) [equation (8), Table 3]. The effect of EOX/AGl ratio on LCST value (Fig. 1) of these thermo-sensitive products was investigated for two series of block copolymers differing with molar masses of particular blocks.


The genus Hypericum (family Hypericaceae) includes over 500 species with a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from tropical lowlands, deserts, and polar regions. Hypericum hirsutum L., known as Hairy St. John's wort, is very similar to the main representative of genus Hypericum - Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort). Hypericum hirsutum has the typical St. John's wort flower about half an inch or more across and a pale yellow color; blunt, oval, translucent-dotted leaves about 2.5-5 cm long on a smooth, hairy and generally unbranched stem up to about 30-60 cm tall. This perennial species is widely distributed throughout Europe (except the Mediterranean region), northwestern Africa, China and southwestern Asia [1]. Herein, we analyzed by GC-MS the composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil from the aboveground parts of H. hirsutum , leaves and stems, and brown capsules (with seeds) at the fruiting stage, separately. The yield of both essential-oil samples was rather low (0.038%, and 0.055%, for leaves and stems, and capsules, respectively), based on the weight of air-dried plant material collected from Suva planina, a mountain in southeastern Serbia. The GC-MS analysis allowed the identification of 90 components in the essential oil of the leaves and stems, and 45 components from the essential oil of the capsules, representing ca. 90% of the total GC-peak areas detected (for both samples). The main components of the leaf essential oil were: n -nonane (16.8%), n -undecane (10.1%), ( E )-β-farnesene (9.3), caryophyllene oxide (5.0%), spathulenol (4.5%), ( E , E )-α-farnesene (4.0%), δ-cadinene (3.5%), ( E )-caryophyllene (3.2%), germacrene D (3.0%), and ( E )-β-ocimene (2.1%); and the main components in the essential-oil sample from the capsules were: alloaromadendrene (11.5%), caryophyllene oxide (11.1%), n -undecane (7.6%), ( E )-caryophyllene (6.1%), γ-humulene (5.8%), δ-cadinene (5.6%), α-longipinene (5.4%), α-bisabolol (3.6%), and n -nonane (3.3%).


Abstract : We have used in vivo genomic footprinting to examine the interaction of proteins with the 5' flanking region of the progesterone receptor gene in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. DMS footprinting of the PR gene demonstrates that Spisites in the A promoter are protected in the absence of hormone, but are more extensively protected in the presence of estrogen. In contrast, an adjacent ERE half site is not protected in the presence or in the absence of hormone. DNase I footprinting demonstrates that regions flanking the ERE/Sp1 sites are more extensively protected after estrogen treatment and that two antiestrogens elicit different footprinting patterns. While the partial agonist, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, produce a footprinting pattern that was similar to that of in vitro-cleaved, naked genomic DNA, the pure antagonist, ICI 182,780, produced a footprinting pattern that was distinct from all other footprints observed.


Information explosion propelled by the exponential growth in digitised data is an unstoppable reality. To be able to extract relevant and useful knowledge from this voluminous data in order to make well-informed decision is a competitive advantage in the information age. However, the attempts to transform raw data into valuable knowledge face both data and computational intensive challenges. As a result, parallel and distributed computing is often strongly sought after to alleviate these challenges. While there are many distributed computing technologies being proposed over the years, MapReduce has gained an immense amount of interest in recent years due to its simplicity and superb scalability at low cost. The challenges brought along by information explosion are real and the potential benefits offered by MapReduce are alluring. With these as the backdrop, this project studies the feasibility, applicability and performance of employing MapReduce model for a distributed data mining scenario based on a use case found in the Life Sciences domain. Deriving from a conceptual serial data mining process involving several data mining algorithms, a prototype data mining system capable of distributed automated image annotation is developed. Within the prototype, the data mining algorithms are adapted to the MapReduce model to perform distributed data mining tasks with high performance data-parallelism. The successful implementation demonstrates that the data mining algorithms can be painlessly adapted to the MapReduce model with Hadoop API. In addition, experiments with real data are conducted on a Cloud computing platform to evaluate the distributed computation performance of the prototype in terms of speedup, scaleup and sizeup. The evaluation results show that the data mining algorithms can be adapted to MapReduce model with promising speedup, good scaleup and superb sizeup. Interestingly, the experimental process also reveals that Cloud computing could be an efficient and cost-effective approach in meeting the needs of research-based experiments. ii Acknowledgement I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to all who has helped and contributed to the completion of this dissertation, in particular my deepest appreciation to my project supervisor, Dr. Liangxiu Han, for her tireless dedication in providing valuable advice and guidance. Last but not least, I thank my family for their support in everything I do. iii Declaration I declare that this dissertation is composed by myself, that the work contained herein is my own except where explicitly stated otherwise in the text, and that this work has not been submitted …


The theory of exploded and compressed numbers is a relatively unknown area of Mathematics. By the compressed numbers we are able to compress our Universe into an open cube. On the other hand using the exploded numbers, by the explosion our Universe becomes Multiverse which contains infinitely many three dimensional spaces such that among them one is the our Universe. We show a certain continuation of an unbounded set of our Universe such that this continuation is situated in another universe. Moreover, we present some passages of the way of a surveyor crossing parallel universes.


A general model of random walk in time-random environments in any denumerable space is given in this paper.Moreover,in the case of d-dimensional nearest-neighbor random walk,if the environments are stationary,we derive a strong law of large numbers and a center limit theorem of this random walk under some reasonable conditions.Especially,when the environments are independent identically distributed,more exact results are given,which are similar to the corresponding results in the case of classical random walk.


A Talk by Prof Leo Ou-fan Lee And meeting the Curators of the 2009 Hong Kong & Shenzhen Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture


Liangyou Peijiu was evaluated in its resistance to rice blast in the seedling stage by artifical infection of rice blast fungus. In ten blast zone nurseries Liangyou Peijiu was evaluated in its resistance to rice blast by natural induction in fields. The result showed that it was susceptive in the seedling stage by artifical infection in 1998, it was moderately susceptive in 1999. By natural induction in fields, it was resistant to the blast of leaf moderately resistant to the blast of panicle in 1998, susceptive to the blast of leaf, moderately susceptive to the blast of panicle in 1999. Two years evaluation showed Liangyou Peijiu was susceptive to rice blast. So attention should be paid to rice blast control in its extension in production.


Abstract The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is modelled on the institutional and procedural experience of the EU's eastward enlargement, although it explicitly excludes a membership perspective. It thus aims to define an alternative incentive for domestic reform in neighbouring countries, referred to as 'a stake in the internal market'. This article suggests that the ENP amounts to a form of 'conditionality-lite' for non-candidate countries. Within the ENP the key defining elements of conditionality—clear incentive and enforcement structures—are vague for both the EU and its neighbouring countries. Thus, the ENP is conceptually and empirically weak when measured against a simple, rationalist conditionality model. In line with the alternative understanding of conditionality as a process rather than a clear-cut variable, the main function of the ENP is twofold: it provides an external reference point which domestic political actors in the ENP countries can choose to utilise when it fits their agenda (both pro-EU or anti-EU); and a loose framework for socialisation. This process of socialisation involves both the EU and the ENP countries. Through an analysis of the ENP process in Ukraine and Moldova it concludes that while the ENP tries to prevent a repeat of the EU's 'rhetorical entrapment' in further eastward enlargement, it paradoxically paves the way for a 'procedural entrapment' in ENP countries that harbour membership aspirations and provides a momentum, though not a guarantee, for conflict resolution.


Email backscatter is a side effect of email spam, viruses or worms. When a spam or malware-laden email is sent, it nearly always has a forged sender address. If this email fails to reach its recipient, e.g., because the recipientpsilas mailbox is full or the recipient has set up an out-of-the-office auto-responder, the recipientpsilas mail system may attempt to generate and send an automated message replying to the forged sender. This unsolicited message sent to the forged sender is an email backscatter. On massive email spam runs where the same address (or domain) is forged as the sender, there can be significant amounts of backscatter email to the forged address. We consider potential forensic value in the analysis of email backscatter, for example, the times when certain compromised machines were used to send spams. We present results of an analysis performed with our Backscatter Email Analysis Tool (BEAT) of a massive backscatter incident that occurred in mid April, 2008.


A novel method of fuzzy self-adaptive PID was proposed.This new method is used to control voltage loop and current loop of lead-acid batteries charging system,and solves the problem that signal in nonlinear time-varying charging system can not be expressed quantitatively and uncertainty of evaluating indicator.To show the validity of the proposed control scheme,simulations based on Matlab/Simulink was carried out.Simulation results of fuzzy self-adaptive PID are compared with that of conventional PID control.The results show that the fuzzy self-adaptive PID system has good dynamic and static performance.


We discuss how system technology can be used in consumer electronics storage devices to enhance the usability of these products. We claim that the best way to achieve compatibility between consumer electronics devices and the PC platform is to use PC-style file systems in consumer electronics devices, instead of designing proprietary solutions for audio/video storage. However, to achieve this PC-style file systems should be adapted in such a way that they can also meet the consumer electronics-specific requirements.


Public attitudes towards local university matters for the resource investment to sustainable science and technology. The application of machine learning techniques enables the evaluation of resource investments more precisely even at the national scale. In this study, a total number of 4327 selfies were collected from the social network services (SNS) platform of Sina Micro-Blog for check-in records of 92 211-Project university campuses from 82 cities of 31 Provinces across mainland China. Photos were analyzed by the FireFACETM-V1.0 software to obtain scores of happy and sad facial expressions and a positive response index (PRI) was calculated (happy-sad). One-way analysis of variance indicated that both happy and PRI scores were highest in Shandong University and lowest in Harbin Engineering University. The national distribution of positive expression scores was highest in Changchun, Jinan, and Guangzhou cities. The maximum likelihood estimates from general linear regression indicated that the city-variable of the number of regular institutions of higher learning had the positive contribution to the happy score. The number of internet accesses and area of residential housing contributed to the negative expression scores. Therefore, people tend to show positive expression at campuses in cities with more education infrastructures but fewer residences and internet users. The geospatial analysis of facial expression data can be one approach to supply theoretical evidence for the resource arrangement of sustainable science and technology from universities.


The present study investigated the biology and ecology of Eremospatha haullevilleana De Wild. in the forest Reserve of the Yoko; one of the remnants of the primary forests in the Congo Basin, Democratic Republic Congo. The study aimed to evaluate the growth rate and the rate of formation of the new buds on the tufts in different conditions of light availability. 32 small rattan tufts were selected along 3000 m of phenologic trail and observed for a period of 9 months, from April to December 2008. The regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between the growth, new buds formation rates and the light availability. The results showed that the growth rate of stem increased with time in open-up and semi-open-up habitats, whereas it decreased in shaded habitats. The open-up habitats appeared to be favorable environments to the survival of the stems of E. haullevilleana De Wild. Therefore, the formation of new buds was found to be slow (2 to 4 buds during the 9 months of investigation); and the ratio of underground biomass over surface biomass decreased with the density of light.


ABSTRACT: This paper proposes a comprehensive method for assessing the year-long pedestrian wind environment including thermal effects. This method requires computational distinction of sunlit and shaded areas, wind velocity ratios acquired by CFD, and meteorological data from local weather stations. The assessment method is introduced and applied to simple model buildings, and its applicability is discussed.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is directed to a surgical device having a minimal invasive. In particular, the present invention is a diagnostic agent to accessible target site via the vasculature, therapeutic or infusion catheter may be used in cardiovascular treatment procedure and vascular endothelial treatment procedure for transporting a vascular occlusion agent, is connected with. The apparatus has a variety of sections of different flexibility has a tapered joint between each section, the flow direction infusion catheter. The catheter of the present invention, the blood flow towards the target site, is directed to the target site.


We have been using polarized hepatic WIF‐B cells to examine ethanol‐induced liver injury. Previously, we determined microtubules were more highly acetylated and more stable in ethanol‐treated WIF‐B cells. We proposed that the ethanol‐induced alterations in microtubule dynamics may explain the ethanol‐induced defects in membrane trafficking that have been previously documented. To test this, we compared the trafficking of selected proteins in control cells and cells treated with ethanol or with the histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). We determined that exposure to 50 nM TSA for 30 minutes induced microtubule acetylation (∼3‐fold increase) and stability to the same extent as did ethanol. As shown previously in situ, the endocytic trafficking of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP‐R) was impaired in ethanol‐treated WIF‐B cells. This impairment required ethanol metabolism and was likely mediated by acetaldehyde. TSA also impaired ASGP‐R endocytic trafficking, but to a lesser extent. Similarly, both ethanol and TSA impaired transcytosis of the single‐spanning apical resident aminopeptidase N (APN). For both ASGP‐R and APN and for both treatments, the block in trafficking was internalization from the basolateral membrane. Interestingly, no changes in transcytosis of the glycophosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein, 5′‐nucleotidase, were observed, suggesting that increased microtubule acetylation and stability differentially regulate internalization. We further determined that albumin secretion was impaired in both ethanol‐treated and TSA‐treated cells, indicating that increased microtubule acetylation and stability also disrupted this transport step. Conclusion: These results indicate that altered microtubule dynamics explain in part alcohol‐induced defects in membrane trafficking. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)


The century and a half from 1400 to the Dissolution of the Monasteries is one of the most interesting in the history of monastic libraries. The period also witnessed the full impact of the universities, and the dissemination of a great deal of religious literature in English. Between the middle of the fourteenth and the early sixteenth century, the number of readers among the non-clerical population of England increased dramatically. This literacy was primarily vernacular literacy. In the fifteenth century, the universities had an immense impact on the monasteries. Monks who had studied at university naturally had an effect on the libraries of their mother-houses. The fifteenth century was also a period of intellectual stagnation in most men's houses. But the period also witnessed the building of new libraries and a renewal of activity on the part of librarians. Monasteries, friaries, cathedrals and colleges were interested in the construction of new book-rooms and new facilities.


Various approaches to monitoring the quality of education are considered. The number of basic qualitative features of modern learning systems is identified. The results of the analysis define the system of limits of computer technology of education and form the requirements for the system of monitoring the quality of education.


This paper re-examines whether it is more advantageous in terms of risk reduction to diversify by sector or region by comparing the performance of the "conventional" regional classification of the UK with one based on modern socio-economic criteria using a much larger real estate data set than any previous study and the MAD portfolio approach. The general conclusion of this analysis is that property market sectors still dominate regions, however defined and so should be the first level of analysis when developing a portfolio diversification strategy. This is in line with previous research. When the performance of Functional groups is compared with the "conventional" administrative regions the results here show that, when functionally based, groupings can in some cases provide greater risk reduction. In addition the underlying characteristics of these functional groups may be much more insightful and acceptable to real estate portfolio managers in considering the assets that a portfolio might contain.


Pool boiling of a paramagnetic liquid was created under microgravity conditions to study bubble characteristics and boiling behavior under the influence of a magnetic field. Parabolic path of an aircraft was used to create microgravity conditions for a period of 20-30 seconds. Two tanks, one with a permanent magnet attached at the bottom were used to create the field. Magnetic field strength was measured along vertical axis of the tank to study the influence on the bubbles. MnCl2 dissolved in distilled water was used as the paramagnetic liquid. Pool boiling process was captured using three different video cameras and those video clips were used to obtain still frames with a constant frame rate of 0.4 seconds. Color images were converted to gray scale to determine exact bubble perimeter and location. MatLab Image Processing Tool Box was used to analyze the still images. Bubble diameter was measured and radius and area of the bubble was calculated and graphed respect to the frame number. This project was funded by West Virginia University Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department and NASA-WV Space Grant Consortium.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is closely associated with HLA-DRB1 alleles that code a five-amino acid sequence motif in positions 70–74 of the HLA-DRβ–chain, called the shared epitope (SE). The mechanistic basis of SE–RA association is unknown. We recently found that the SE functions as an allele-specific signal-transducing ligand that activates an NO-mediated pathway in other cells. To better understand the role of the SE in the immune system, we examined its effect on T cell polarization in mice. In CD11c+CD8+ dendritic cells (DCs), the SE inhibited the enzymatic activity of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase, a key enzyme in immune tolerance and T cell regulation, whereas in CD11c+CD8− DCs, the ligand activated robust production of IL-6. When SE-activated DCs were cocultured with CD4+ T cells, the differentiation of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells was suppressed, whereas Th17 cells were expanded. The polarizing effects could be seen with SE+ synthetic peptides, but even more so when the SE was in its natural tridimensional conformation as part of HLA-DR tetrameric proteins. In vivo administration of the SE ligand resulted in a greater abundance of Th17 cells in the draining lymph nodes and increased IL-17 production by splenocytes. Thus, we conclude that the SE acts as a potent immune-stimulatory ligand that can polarize T cell differentiation toward Th17 cells, a T cell subset that was recently implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including RA.


Background

During the last decade carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) became hyper-endemic in hospitals due to difficult to control spreading. Our aim is to identify risk factors for nosocomial rectal CRAB colonization in an endemic hospital.
Methods

A retrospective matched case-control study (ratio 1:2) with a prospective inclusion of cases and concurrent selection of controls was conducted from January 2017 to December 2018 in a tertiary-care hospital. Universal active surveillance for CRAB was implemented. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was carried out using a stepwise selection method to compare prognostic factors between cases and controls. A sub-analysis was carried out according to the type of department.
Results

Forty-five cases with nosocomial rectal CRAB colonization and 90 controls were included. One hundred and two (75%) patients were hospitalized in medical departments. At multivariable analysis significant risk factors associated with CRAB colonization were: use of permanent devices (OR: 10.15, 95%CI: 2.27–45.39; P = 0.002), mechanical ventilation (OR: 40.01, 95%CI: 4.05–395.1; P = 0.002), urinary catheters (OR: 4.9, 95%CI:1.52–16.19; P = 0.008), McCabe score (OR: 5.45, 95%CI: 1.87–15.89; P = 0.002), length of stay (OR: 1.03, 95%CI: 1.01–1.05; P = 0.002), carbapenem use (OR: 5.39, 95%CI: 1.14–25.44; P = 0.033). The sub-analysis showed that patients admitted to different departments had different risk factors. In geriatric department a fatal disease and a longer hospital stay represented significant risk factors both in univariate and multivariate analysis, while in internal medicine department the use of permanent devices, current antibiotic therapy and antibiotic polytherapy represented significant risk factors for CRAB at the univariate analysis, also confirmed in multivariate analysis.
Conclusions

Our data suggest that active surveillance for rectal CRAB colonization should be addressed to patients with an unfavourable prognosis, longer hospitalizations and carriers of multiple devices. To counter CRAB spreading in endemic settings, clinicians must limit the use of carbapenems, and reinforce interventions aimed at proper use of devices.


Leukoreduced (LR) or cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐seronegative cellular blood components are commonly used to reduce the risk of transfusion‐transmitted CMV infection in high‐risk patients.


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The concept of model transformations is central to the domain of Model Driven Engineering (MDE). A model transformation automates the translation of models between a source and a target language. In order to reason about the correctness of the translation it is important to be able to analyse model transformations. A model transformation specification can be considered as a special kind of model and as such it can be subject to existing model analysis techniques. In this paper we present a systematic method of representing declarative model transformations in a formalism called Alloy. We demonstrate how the Alloy Analyzer can be used to conduct fully automated analysis of a model transformation specification represented in Alloy. The presented approach is explained with the help of an example model transformation in business processes.


The relativistic Doppler effect offers a fundamental means of frequency upconverting electromagnetic radiation. In 1993, Esarey et al.1 mentioned the possibility of scattering light at fast moving electrons to upconvert its frequency. For the process to be efficient, one needs to have a highly compressed bunch of electrons, since only then the scattering process can become coherent. The condition for coherency is, that the scale length of the electron bunch or its density gradient needs to be on the order of the wavelength to be generated or smaller. This is much tinier than what can be reached by commonly known techniques, including conventional accelerators as well as laser-plasma accelerators. Therefore, electrons are extracted from a small droplet or a thin foil by a highly relativistic driver laser (a0 = eA0/mc2 ⪆⪆ 1). The electron bunch becomes accelerated and at the same time compressed by the forces of the laser field. The acceleration can be achieved either by the relativistic ponderomotive force of a conventional laser pulse, as suggested in,6 or by the longitudinal field on the optical axis of a radially polarized pulse, as suggested in.8 In both cases, the bunch is compressed because of the fundamental snowplough effect of the co-moving force, i.e. the laser pulse. Spacecharge forces are counteracting the compression, thus limiting the amount of charge to be compressed. Nevertheless, in a wide range of parameters the edges of the electron bunches density profile remain sharp, enabling coherent Thomson scattering. We use analytic models and PIC simulations to describe and analyze thoroughly the effects occurring and finally estimate the conversion efficiency that can be reached by this scheme. Techniques to increase the efficiency and gain further control over the generated radiation are suggested and discussed. Reaching best possible control over temporal envelope of the driver pulse appears to be the most important issue here.


The present invention may be added directly to the asphalt plant, the release and to protect against the porthole improves the resistance to water, relates to a medium temperature pelleted type asphalt stripping agent composition production method for twist the middle temperature screen function, producing a liquid emulsified product liquid emulsified product manufacturing stage a mixture of waxes, vegetable oil, mineral oil, surfactant and water in the sub-group to a set rate of production of a liquid emulsified product; Slaked lime in the mixing step is mixing section receives a liquid emulsified product prepared in section the liquid emulsion product by mixing calcium hydroxide and a predetermined ratio to prepare a mixture of calcium hydroxide; An extrusion step of receiving a mixture of calcium hydroxide slaked lime prepared in the mixing section in the extrusion unit extruding a pellet manufacturing a strand; And the strands in the strand cutting unit comprises a cutting step of preparing the pellet-type peeling agent was cut by receiving a strand manufactured by the extrusion section.


Stability of the lumbopelvic ―core‖ is essential for the control and movement of the lower extremity and for absorption and transfer of force. In adult runners, poor core stability is related to increased running injury risk and decreasing core stability results in negative effects on mechanical variables associated with running injuries. It is currently unknown if relationships between core stability and running mechanics exist in adolescent populations. PURPOSE: Evaluate the relationship between core stability and mechanical variables associated with running injuries in adolescent runners. METHODS: 20 adolescent runners (11 M/9 F; age: 12.38 ± 0.79 years; easy training run pace: 3.24 ± 0.17 m/s) participated in this study. Kinematics and kinetics were recorded using a motion capture system as participants ran on an instrumented treadmill. Core stability was assessed using a novel method which evaluates center of pressure movement over 30 seconds while participants sit still on an unstable surface. Core stability was calculated as total center of pressure excursion (CoPEx) during the test, and Pearson's product-moment correlations were used to determine relationship between CoPEx and running mechanics. RESULTS: Mean CoPEx was 1.39 ± 0.41 m, and mean values for running mechanical variables are shown in Table 1. CoPEx was not correlated with any of the mechanical variables. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to what has been reported in adult runners, core stability was not related to running mechanics in this sample of adolescent runners. Without fully developed motor control, adolescent runners may have more overall variability in their running gait, leading to minimal relationships between running mechanics and core stability. Further research is needed to reveal whether reducing core stability influences injury risk factors, as has been shown in novice adult runners, or whether relationships between core stability and running mechanics change as adolescents mature.


Marxism's social organism is the body instituted by all the relations existing in society with mutual coexistence.Marxism's theory of social organism encloses objective law of social development and proposes that social development is the natural and harmonious historical process,the process with dynamic balance and the process with the unity of subjective initiative and historical objective law for subjective activity.It is the high condensation of historical materialism as well as the theoretic basis for the implementation of scientific development concept and the construction of socialist harmonious society.


In this paper, we focus on calculate the number of spanning trees of the general wheel graphs, which meansthe original wheel graphs adding large amount of vertices and edges. Particularly, we introduce the C-graphand deduce a new equation that computing the spanning trees by removing C-graphs instead of edges.In Addition, we test our results by Kirchhoff's matrix-tree theorem in some simple cases and provide thetree entropy of the general wheel graphs. Finally, we analyse the relation between the wheel graph anddouble-wheel graphs and propose the idea of calculating the spanning trees of double-wheel graphs.


The present invention discloses a system of bonus points accumulated cash processing scheme and processing method in which a user points to win the award points from the plurality of prize distribution units, each distribution units bonus points stored in the user track AWARD servers for the user account It has been winning points. Cumulative transaction server provided by the user through the networking of each bonus server (12, 14) has been winning points, bonus points and incentives provided by the server to the transaction server (20) compensation related to the integration and credited to the user (40) related to redemption account. The user can then choose to purchase merchandise from a networking vendor computer (30). Merchant computer receives cash compensation from the transaction server, and provide users with merchandise.


The title molecule, C26H20BrNO3S, contains a ring-fused 2-pyridinone framework substituted with a 4-bromo-phenyl-, a naphthalen-1-ylmethyl and a methoxycarbonyl substituent. The main goal of this w ...


Developing commercially processed products of mus cadine grapes is identified in the 1985 Viticultural State Plan as a primary area for expansion of the grape industry. Two cooperative, interagency pilot projects were initiated between the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consuer Services, Florida A&M University, Florida State University and the Uni versity of Florida under the Agricultural Economic Develop ment Policy Act of the State of Florida (Chap. 87-229), which was enacted by the Florida Legislature during its 1987 Ses sion. The projects were conducted to examine the commercial requirements and economics to produce muscadine grape juice and deseeded canned grapes and to conduct storage stability, recipe development and consumer acceptance studies of the resulting products. The muscadine cultivar 'Wel der' was used for the juice project while 'Triumph' was used


This paper explores an effective adaptive algorithm to obtain the steady-state response of circuits with periodic excitation. This algorithm offers an alternative to conventional steady-state simulation techniques such as harmonic balance or shooting method. One of the contributions of this paper is the generic formulation of nonlinear circuit equations in terms of transformation matrices. This algorithm is especially advantageous to circuits showing high nonlinearity. In the proposed method, each circuit variable is represented by a linear combination of a set of adaptive basis functions (ABF). Waveform samples are obtained by multiplying a vector of coefficients times a transformation matrix. Furthermore, in order to improve the output resolution, the positions of the basis functions for each variable are adaptively controlled. In other words, we start the analysis with a uniform grid and increase the resolution where needed by adjusting the position of the grid points independently for each variable. The least squares method is used to find the set of coefficients that minimizes the error function defined by the formulation. We present for the first time simulation results with different grids in each state variable.


Nowadays, transportation is one of the main air pollution sources and has a significant impact on human health and environmental quality. The electric vehicle is a zero emission vehicle powered by an electric motor with power from an electricity source, usually a battery or super-capacitor. However, monitoring and managing the recharging of electric vehicles represents a challenge. The purpose of this paper is to present a new concept of telemonitoring the battery charging process. The paper presents a general overview of existing techniques and solutions for powering electric vehicles and evaluates different sensors for tele-monitoring the battery. Furthermore, we evaluate the feasibility of the novel concept to monitor redox flow batteries.


Social media data has become an important source of information. Linking a named entity mentioned in tweets with a knowledge base is called Named Entity Linking. By linking a tweet with a knowledge base, it clarifies the implication of the named entity. The drawback of tweet entity linking is that Twitter limits a status to 280 characters in a tweet and this fact leaves a tweet with less semantics compared with a lengthy document. The proposed framework 'Yet Another Framework for Tweet Entity Linking (YAFTEL)' incorporates the degree of direct references between candidate entities into the traditional approach adopted by the KAURI system. In our approach, two candidate entities get a higher score for entity mapping when at least one of them references the other. Our experiment shows that YAFTEL maps entity mentions to Wikipedia entities more accurately than KAURI when candidate entities reference mutually or in one-way.


This paper discusses the role of derivatives in contemporary capitalism. Its analytical construction is based on a specific reading of Marx which features the constitution of four dimensions in the capitalist mode of production, highlighting derivatives markets as a development of fictitious capital: the fourth dimension. Therefore, derivatives are viewed not only as supporting the financial accumulation process, but also as playing a central role that affects the entire process.


The number of different display terminals increased steadily, from HD TV to mobile phone TV and transcoding has become an indispensable operation in video processing. In the most cases, transcoding has to be done in real time but H.264/AVC intra-frame decoding and encoding contain a set of computation-intensive coding tools forming a loop in which the data are strongly dependant. Parallelization of each function isn't though effortless. In this paper, we present an optimized transcoding chain for AVC intra-frame stream. The transcoding chain is characterized by several operators based on loop iterations and working on 4×4 luma or 2×2 chroma blocs. This generates heavy latency. Ours approaches uses loop unrolling and data parallelization. A tradeoff is done between critical path and number of cycles in order to improve global latency. The architecture described in this paper includes a powerful CAVLC coder and decoder, an optimized transform-quantization and a frequency selection function for, respectively, requantization and quick decimation of the high frequency values in a quantified coefficient block. This whole system performs an efficient transcoding operation. Our design, thanks to a high parallelization, can decode then recode a video stream in a 1080p format at 30 frames per second (fps) in real time at the frequency of 47Mhz. This design has been implemented in a Virtex 5 FPGA. Each block is fully described giving the surface occupied and the timing diagram.


Dynamic molecular recognition events at biological membrane
receptors play a key role in cell signaling. Artificial membranes have been prepared with embedded synthetic receptors which
dynamically arrange and selectively respond to external stimuli like small peptide ligands.


Abstract Constructivist approaches to learning commend programme designs that build on learners' experience, interests and prior knowledge. Socio-cultural knowledge arises not only from children's ethnic backgrounds but also from socio-economic conditions, their environment and the personal circumstances of their lives. These circumstances may influence the worldview and activities of learners to such an extent that they feel alienated from schooling. This alienation must be seen, at least in part, as a failure of curriculum and teaching. The purpose of the study was to see how teachers and learners from townships and informal settlements in the Cape Flats area of Cape Town introduced and used local knowledge in the science classroom and how teachers and learners made the shifts between formal science and everyday knowledge. The methodology used was interpretive and participatory, as teachers were participants in the study. The data were used to design lessons that made use of learners' interests and experiences. As in other studies, this research found that greater connectedness of school science with children's interests and experiences promoted deeper engagement for the children with each other and the content. However, the central questions of the study went beyond this aspect to explore the question: What constitutes everyday knowledge for learners from the townships and informal settlements of the Cape Flats and how can this be incorporated into the science curriculum? While further research is required to gain deeper insight into learners' interests, this first phase shows that building learners' interests into the science curriculum is fruitful. It also suggests that empowering teachers to design relevant curricula for specific communities requires more attention than it has been given in the past.


The stability of structure is not only determined by the upper structure, that directly bears the forces that work on the structure but the stability of the foundation structure play a very important role in design. The bor pile foundation is one of the most commonly used inner layers, which serves to deliver structural loads to hard soil layers that have a high carrying capacity that is deep enough. To calculate pile capacity, there are many methods that can be used. The results of each method have different capacity results.
The purpose of the final assignment report is to calculate and compare pile capacity using dynamic method, such as: general formula, mayerhoff, and begeman.
Keywords: Soil capacity, Foundation


A generalizable protocol for measuring relative changes in gene expression via qPCR (cDNA synthesis, qPCR primer optimization, and qPCR analysis), with specific optimization for the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While this protocol has been optimized for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the protocol should be broadly adaptable to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression analysis.


The story, as told in the twelfth book of the Homeric Odyssey, is well known: Circe had warned Odysseus of the irresistible power of the Sirens' song and had advised him, when passing by the Sirens to plug his men's ears with wax, so that his men would not hear the Sirens' song and would continue rowing. If tightly bound to the mast, Odysseus himself, although defenseless against the irresistible allure of the Sirens, would nevertheless not be able to stop his men from rowing. This arrangement would enable Odysseus to listen to the song of the Sirens without paying the price for it namely, to perish by giving in to the temptation. For Adorno and Horkheimer, this episode becomes an allegory of the "entanglement of myth, domination, and labor" in the origins of civilization, that is, of the dialectic of enlightenment itself.1 Their text, however, is as ambiguous as it is suggestive, so that it becomes difficult to say what the real content of the allegory is. There are at least two possible readings of this allegory, or perhaps better: two different allegories, two stories to be told, two different layers of meaning, which Adorno and Horkheimer, however, do not seem to distinguish from each other. Moreover, there is a possible third reading, for which, although it is hardly suggested by the passages about Odysseus and the Sirens themselves, some clues can be found in the broader context of the book. With regard to Adorno's texts I have once suggested that one would need a "magnifying glass" to distinguish different layers of meaning, which to


VOLUNTARY AND MUNICIPAL HOSPITALS. WHETHER the Miscellaneous Bill of the Ministry of Health is to be considered dead since its rejection by the House of Lords, or whether (as our lobby correspondent suggests elsewhere) it is merely in a state of suspended animation, awaiting resuscitation next session, there can be no doubt that the subject dealt with in the hospital clause is exciting a great deal of interest, both within and without the profession. The conference of representatives of the staffs of voluntary hospitals called by the British Medical Association this week takes place too late for us to publish a report of the proceedings in this issue, as the holidays compel us to go to press earlier than usual, but we are able to give a full report of the discussion on " The future of the Poor Law infirmary," which was begun at a meeting of the Harveian Society last week. Dr. C. M. Wilson, who spoke from experience of the arrangements between St. Mary's Hospital and the Paddington guardians for the. use of the Paddington Infirmary, expressed the opinion that it was inconceivable that the beds in Poor Law infirmaries should not be used in future to meet the needs of the general community for hospital accommodation. Nobody, so far as the discussion has gone, dissented from this proposition. Indeed, to an Qxtent varying in different parts of the country Poor Law infirmaries are already used for the general community, and especially for the relief of the voluntary hospitals. All the three speakers who opened the discussion made it a reproach to the voluntary hospitals that they had not found a means of utilizing the services of general practitioners. This, again, is rather an overstatement, for the staffs of the majority of the smaller voluntary hospitals in the provinces are, or were, mainly composed of general practitioners. The ideal put forward by MIr. Morris, the house governor of the London Hospital, is that general practitioners should have a right to admit their owvn cases to municipal hospital beds, and to treat them in the hospital, where specialist assistance would be available. Administrative difficulties in the way of this plan wjll occur to everyone, and other means of enlisting the help of the general practitioner were suggested: for Dr. Wilson the link should be a follow-up system when the patient leaves the hospital; Dr. Buttar would bring the practitioner in at the other end -in the casualty (or out-patient) department, where he would see all patients, treating some himself, referring those in need of indoor treatment to the medical superintendent or the physician or surgeon


Preservice Training of Pediatric Residents and Early Interventionists: The Early Intervention Specialist Project An Early Education Program for Children with Disabilities Project Mary Beth Bruder Gerarda A. Hanna Director Coordinator The Early Intervention Specialist Program was originally funded for three years (January 1997 through December 1999, obtaining a six month extension through June 2000. The preservice personnel preparation project's purpose was to design, implement and evaluate a new interdisciplinary certificate/credential process for early interventionist (across disciplines) providing services within the Connecticut's Part C system. The project in conjunction with Connecticut's Lead Agency, The Department of Mental Retardation, provided an opportunity to enable Connecticut to begin to develop a Comprehensive System of Personnel Development (CSPD) that would eventually create and lead to an interdisciplinary program for early intervention specialists who have met the highest professional standard in their disciplines. All of the projects efforts were coordinated with state agencies and other federal grant projects designed to improve the capacity of a state's (specifically Connecticut's) early intervention service delivery program. The certificate program consisted of fifteen credit hours, nine credits of coursework and six credit hours of supervised practicum experience. The course content of the project consisted of course work designed to be taught in three modules: Families of Infants and Toddlers, Interventions Through Teaming and Interagency Collaborations and Systems Change. The second feature consisted of a supervised practicum experience based upon a series of forty-one competency-based tasks used to measure the trainee's acquisition and application of critical content taught in the modules. These competencies included areas such as family and child assessment, IFSP development, child intervention and service delivery, assistive technology, community resources, teaming and interagency collaborations. Competency completion was evaluated on materials collected in a portfolio format, clinical site observations, a self reflection process and completion of observation checklists by university supervisors and/or peer mentors. An important feature of this component was the identification of peer mentorship as an effective method of training. Two levels of system support were provided to the project, first, an advisory board of personnel involved in the development and evaluation of an interdisciplinary competency based credentialing process for infant-toddler specialist in other states assisted Connecticut in addressing a strategic plan on developing a credential system. Finally, through collaboration with Connecticut's Early Intervention Interagency Coordinating Council (ICC), a standing committee and sub committees were formed, in particular, a Higher Education Council was established to build long term capacity of CT's universities and colleges and to continue the certification process in early intervention in Connecticut.


Abstract : Pushing sensors and algorithms to the limit to minimize the chance of overlooking unexploded ordnance (UXO) increases the chance that noise will be misidentified as signal and money wasted excavating scrap metal or chucks of magnetic rock. Approaches to improve the signal to noise ratio typically follow one of three tracks: (1) development of new sensors that are either more sensitive, or less noisy; (2) fusion of data from multiple sensors so that the chances of confounding all of the detectors simultaneously is reduced; or (3) development of computer algorithms to extract the signal(s) from the noise. In the case of wide-area surveys that use methods such as helicopter-borne magnetometry, the battle against noise has focused primarily on instrument noise (e.g., thermal noise), platform noise (e.g., magnetic noise created by the helicopter), or interference created by multiple UXO targets in cluttered settings. What has been largely ignored is the "noise" created by the rock and soil that surrounds the buried ordnance. The goal of this pilot project was to investigate a new approach to the characterization and simulation of geologic noise using multifractal analysis that captures the scale-dependent variability arising from geologic heterogeneity in different environments. By combining geologic noise simulations with models for the geophysical signatures of UXO, the researchers aim to create synthetic datasets that can be used both to test and improve UXO discrimination algorithms developed by other researchers, and to develop more reliable estimates of the ratio of false positives to false negatives for a particular geologic environment. In this report we discuss the multifractal methodology and its application to three data sets: Isleta Pueblo, NM; Fort Ord, CA; and the Sierra Army Depot, CA.


Criminalization of sexual violence against women in intimate relationships must form a central part of the human rights agenda for achieving gender equality. According to a study by the United Nations Secretary-General, "[t]he most common form of violence experienced by women globally is intimate partner violence" including "a range of sexually, psychologically and physically coercive acts." The World Health Organization reports that nearly one in four women in some countries may experience sexual violence perpetrated against them by an intimate partner. Other research suggests that approximately 40% of all assaulted women are forced into sex at one time or another by their male partners.


The integrated circuit device according to the present invention is being supplied with the external supply voltage, and depending on whether or not the internal supply voltage is below the reference voltage fingers a voltage conversion circuit for supplying a current to the power-supply voltage line from the external power supply voltage. The power-supply voltage line has to function block is connected. The integrated circuit device further comprises a clock generating circuit for receiving the supply of the external and internal power supply voltage, and generates a clock signal to be supplied to the functional block. Clock generating circuit in response to the amount of current supplied by the power-supply voltage line from the external power supply voltage thereby varying the period of the clock signal.


The human beings move around either by walking or by swimming, flying is not, unfortunately, within their reach. For walking and running the mean energy expenditures are known. They are larger, by a factor of two or three, than the mechanical energy required to perform these functions. This ratio can be improved through the use of a bicycle. However, even in this situation, the efficiency is largely less than the one achieved by specially designed motor vehicles.


Timed out is a pioneering study of modern and contemporary art in the aftermath of empire. It addresses the current 'global turn' in the study of art by way of the transnational Caribbean, offering an in-depth account of the Atlantic world in relation to the mainstream history of art. It looks at why art of the Anglophone Caribbean and its diaspora have been placed not only 'outside' but 'behind' the dominant art canons, and how the politics of space and time can be used to rethink the global geography of art.


Abstract : Like a ship running from a hurricane at sea, the United States Government is struggling to reach a safe port and shelter from a threatening WMD storm. In an era where some adversaries are perhaps on the cusp of achieving the capabilities to destroy forward deployed American military forces with nuclear weapons (e.g., in a future conflict with North Korea) or to kill thousands of Americans in our cities with aerosolized biological weapons (e.g., if Al Qaeda were to achieve the capability), the United States and its allies are racing to create effective chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) countermeasures. Serious gaps remain, however, and extreme vulnerabilities persist even a decade after Secretary Les Aspin announced the beginning of the Department of Defense (DoD) Counterproliferation Initiative (CPI). Much has been done since the CPI was launched in 1993, but much still must be accomplished before the United States can confidently either deter all adversaries from CBRN attacks or, at least, effectively neutralize any such attacks by a combination of effective counterforce targeting, active defenses, passive defenses, or the ability to recover through superb consequence management actions. Much progress has been made in the decade since Secretary Aspin and his deputy, Dr. Ashton Carter, launched the DoD Counterproliferation Initiative. However, progress to date does not equate to success. Many additional steps must be taken before the United States and its allies can claim reasonable levels of preparedness in the effort to halt, thin out, manage, rollback, or counter the weapons of mass destruction threats posed by adversary states and groups. To evaluate the ideal and compare it to the present counterproliferation program, and identify the progress and shortfalls of the counterproliferation program, it is useful to look at the various elements where the Department of Defense is the lead agency before offering an overall assessment.


The prediction of protein secondary structure from a protein sequence provides useful information for predicting the three-dimensional structure and function of the protein. In recent decades, protein secondary structure prediction systems have been improved benefiting from the advances in computational techniques as well as the growth and increased availability of solved protein structures in protein data banks. Existing methods for predicting the secondary structure of proteins can be roughly subdivided into statistical, nearest-neighbor, machine learning, meta-predictors, and deep learning approaches. This chapter provides an overview of these computational approaches to predict the secondary structure of proteins, focusing on deep learning techniques, with highlights on key aspects in each approach.


.....................................................................................................i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................ii Chapter One INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................1 Primary objectives.............................................................................................3 Chapter Two DIET AND FORAGING ECOLOGY OF BLAINVILLE'S AND CUVIER'S BEAKED WHALES INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................4 Sampling prey species...................................................................................6 Beaked whale diet.........................................................................................7 Niche overlap...............................................................................................9 METHODS....................................................................................................11 Sample collection – Stomach contents................................................................11 Sample collection – Faecal samples................................................................12 Prey identification........................................................................................13 Diet composition..........................................................................................14 Prey distribution..........................................................................................14 Niche overlap and competition........................................................................15 RESULTS......................................................................................................16 Stomach contents.......................................................................................16 Faecal samples..........................................................................................20 Prey identification.......................................................................................20 Prey distribution..........................................................................................22 Diet composition in the northern Bahamas........................................................24 Niche overlap and competition........................................................................26 DISCUSSION................................................................................................28 Bias in diet studies.......................................................................................29 Niche overlap.............................................................................................30 Chapter Three DIVING AND SURFACING BEHAVIOUR OF BLAINVILLE'S AND CUVIER'S BEAKED WHALES INTRODUCTION............................................................................................36 METHODS....................................................................................................41 Encounter summary information...........................................................................42 Blainville's beaked whale encounters................................................................42 Definition of diving in this study........................................................................44 Data analysis...............................................................................................44 Surface interval analysis.................................................................................45 Study of a stranded Cuvier's beaked whale........................................................46


This paper examines post-revision return drift, or PRD, following analysts' revisions of their stock recommendations. PRD refers to the finding that the analysts' recommendation changes predict future long-term returns in the same direction as the change (i.e., upgrades are followed by positive returns, and downgrades are followed by negative returns). During the high-frequency algorithmic trading period of 2003–2010, average PRD is no longer significantly different from zero. The new findings agree with improved market efficiency after declines in real trading cost inefficiencies. They are consistent with a reduced information production role for analysts in the supercomputer era.


The Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on all fields, especially education, which requires learning to be done online. Therefore the use of online learning media and learning behavior is important to study to determine the effect on learning outcomes in the form of understanding. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of online learning media and the learning behavior students on the level of accounting understanding in the Accounting Introduction course. The sample in this study was 63 undergraduate students of Accounting Education class 2020. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire, while data analysis using multiple regression. The results: (1). The use of online learning media has an effect on the level of accounting understanding with the t-count> t-table, namely 3,345>1,67022, (2). Learning behavior affects the level of accounting understanding as evidenced by t-count> t-table, namely 2,995>1,67022 and (3). The use of online learning media and student accounting learning behavior simultaneously affects the level of accounting understanding as evidenced by the value of F-count>F-table, namely 23,179>3,15. The conclusion of this study is the use of online learning media and student learning behavior affects the level of accounting understanding.


Raman and low temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies were used to assess how fullerene loading and thermal annealing affect the morphology (e.g., aggregation, π-stacking, and fullerene dispersion) of regio-random and regular poly(3-hexylthiophene) bulk heterojunction films. Large changes in PL and Raman show that phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) begins to significantly hinder planarization (intra-chain) and π-overlap (inter-chain) of polymer chains over a relatively small concentration window (30–40% and 45–55% PCBM for regio-random and regular, respectively). Mild thermal annealing of blended films was seen to restore order (i.e., vibronic PL line shapes, indicative of H-like aggregation), which result from PCBM phase segregation (lower dispersion) and growth of polymer aggregates. Overall, it is demonstrated that low-temperature PL and Raman are highly sensitive and informative metrics to evaluate polymer (dis)order in bulk heterojunction films.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution and correlation of accommodative lag with refractive error. Method: We had tested the clinical refraction and the accommodative lag in clinically normal 49 young adults (total 98 eyes) aged 18 to 25 years without abnormal binocular function. Monocular and binocular accommodative lag were tested with 0.50 D cross-cylinder lens and near vision test chart which had cross-hairs after full correction of LogMAR visual acuity over 0.05. Results: There was no statistical differences in monocular accommodative lag between right ( D) and left eye ()(p=0.858). The accommodative lag of male was higher than female and the range of the value was broader than female in binocular accommodative lag (p=0.015). The wider the inter-pupillary distance was, the higher the accommodative lag was (p=0.003). However, there were no differences with age (p=0.800) and dominant eye (p=0.402). The ranges of accommodative lag of low, middle, and high myopia were 0.75 ~ -0.25 D, 1.25 ~ -0.50 D, and 1.50 ~ -0.75 D, respectively, and the regression was 'y = -0.03953x+0.09205'. Conclusions: These data suggest that clinically normal young adults with high amounts of refractive error have more variable accommodative lag and increased spherical equivalent refraction.


Medicines have an important role in the treatment and prevention of disease in both humans and animals. But it is because of the very nature of medicines that they may also have unintended effects on animals and microorganisms in the environment. Although the side effects on human and animal health are usually investigated in thorough safety and toxicology studies, the potential environmental impacts of the manufacture and use of medicines are less well understood and have only recently become a topic of research interest. Some of the effects of various compounds—most notably anthelmintics from veterinary medicine and antibacterial therapeutics— are already known (Daughton & Ternes, 1999; Boxall et al, 2003a, 2004a; Floate et al, 2005), but there are many other substances that can affect organisms in the environment. This is further complicated by the fact that some pharmaceuticals can cast effects on bacteria and animals well below the concentrations that are usually used in safety and efficacy tests. In addition, breakdown products and the combination of different biologically active compounds may have unanticipated effects on the environment. Although it may be safe to assume that these substances do not substantially harm humans, we have only recently begun to research whether and how they affect a wide range of organisms in the environment and what this means for environmental health.


As one of the most important economic sectors in China, tourism must be supported in a way that will encourage balanced regional economic development. The spatial distribution of tourism should be evaluated to assess the role of growing tourism in regional economic inequality. Unlike previous studies that focus on international tourism, this paper compares the spatial distributions of international and domestic tourism by using the Mean Log Deviation decomposition method, within and between China's three economic regions over the period from 1997 to 2010. The results show that, compared with regional economic distribution, imbalance in the spatial distribution of tourism is more pronounced. However, from a dynamic and comparative perspective, this paper asserts that tourism, especially domestic tourism, is a more effective instrument for China's balanced regional economic development than international tourism.


(deaths by external or other than natural causes) account for approximately 7 percent of all deaths in Central Indiana. Although accidents are by far the most common form of external death (accounting for 5 percent of all deaths) in the region, suicides are approximately twice as common as homicides. 1 Figure 1 illustrates the rates of suicides, homicides, and accidents in Central Indiana from 1978–98. The only statistically significant change in overall external death rates in the last 20 years in the region has been a decline in accident rates. However, at the national level (not shown in Figure 1), suicides, homicides, and accidents have all decreased at statistically significant levels. 2 As illustrated by Figure 2 (see next page), there has been little variation in suicide rates over the last 20 years. In Central Indiana, suicide rates have remained relatively stable and account for only about 2 percent of all deaths. 1 All rates used in this study are crude, not age adjusted, including national data. 2 Nationally, these changes are significant at the .01 level for accidents and suicides and .05 for homicides, linear regression analysis. The level of significance for changes in Central Indiana accident rates is .01. The levels for changes in suicide and homicide rates in Central Indiana are not significant. For non-Central Indiana, changes in suicide and homicide rates are statistically significant at the .01 level.


The feeding system of copier is part of the systems of paper road,which mainly achieves the action of pickuping paper by DC and the paper's feeding by stepper motor.Based on the embedded system of ARM,The design scheme of DC motor and stepper motors driving circuits is proposed.The control chip with many S3C44BOX I/O pins and a few timers with the function of PWM are chosen in the research,which provides a convenience for interface circuit of sensors and reduces the hardware costs.S3C44BOX has high operation speed and precision and is used to eliminate the need of introducing various control algorihms and reduce the designing process of software.The results indicate that the design saves the controlling sources,simplifies the program and helps the system operate stably.


Phase relations in the system Bi2O3-WO3 were studied from 500° to 1100°C. Four intermediate phases, 7Bi2O3· WO3, 7Bi2O3· 2WO3, Bi2O3· WO3, and Bi2O3· 2WO3, were found. The 7B2O · WO3 phase is tetragonal with a0= 5.52 A and c0= 17.39 A and transforms to the fcc structure at 784°C; 7Bi2O3· 2WO3 has the fcc structure and forms an extensive range of solid solutions in the system. Both Bi2O3· WO3 and Bi2O3· 2WO3 are orthorhombic with (in A)a0= 5.45,b0=5.46, c0= 16.42 and a0= 5.42, b0= 5.41, c0= 23.7, respectively. Two eutectic points and one peritectic exist in the system at, respectively, 905°± 3°C and 64 mol% WO3, 907°± 3°C and 70 mol% WO3, and 965°± 5°C and 10 mol% WO3.


In Canada, aboriginal legacies in landscapes and their implications for land use planning for biodiversity conservation remain poorly acknowledged. Similarly, inter-cultural conversations on values about and priorities for biological resources and habitat protection remain under-developed. This essay begins with a rhetorical question. Will it be possible to forge successful ecosystem recovery strategies, to maintain all elements of local biological diversity through land use planning, without far deeper cognizance of the aboriginal legacies in Canadian landscapes? I do not think so. This discussion, from the drier enclaves on the south coast of British Columbia, centres on a federally funded ecosystem recovery team in the first four years of its operation from 1999 to 2003 and the near total lack of outreach to, and engagement with, aboriginal people and First Nations. These were the same years as the final phase of development of Canada's relatively weak Species At Risk Act (SARA).2


Evaluating portfolios of loan guarantees and making clear their risk diversification by contingent claims analysis, the paper found the diversifiable credit risk can be avoided or reduced in a portfolio of more than ten guaranteed firms. The paper shows that diversification can be achieved by choosing guaranteed firms' risk positions and correlations between themselves and the guarantors. The results indicate that, guarantors can be better off through size portfolio diversification.


On the basis of analysis of relation between reliability maintainability (RM) and three factors composed of weapon system effectiveness, combined with system composition and its fundamental tactical application pattern of a type of truck-mounted howitzer system, availability vector and dependability matrix calculation model of truck-mounted howitzer system was established according to the theory of Markov random process,and the system inherent capability was calculated. Analytic model of system effectiveness was therefore set up. According to common methods and steps of sensibility analysis of RM parameters, the analysis of influence of RM parameters on system effectiveness was performed by means of Matlab software. Analysis result showed that the fire control system and truck chassis used in the truck-mounted howitzer system have the higher reliability.


A humidity sensor based on NaNbO3 nanofiber networks was fabricated through the electrospinning process. The as-synthesized NaNbO3 nanofibers with monoclinic perovskite structure are uniformly distributed and integrated by interdigital Pt/Ti electrodes on alumina substrates. The sensor exhibits fast and ultra-sensitive resistance type response to the variation of environmental humidity at room temperature. The sensor resistance is in logarithmic dependence on the relative humidity. The highest sensitivity is up to 105 for the humidity change from 20 to 80% RH. Moreover, the response time for the humidification process is less than 3 s. The response time for the dehumidification process is slower due to the slower desorption of water molecules. In addition, the sensor exhibits outstanding selectivity against hydrogen, ethanol, and acetone steam. Among them, the sensitivity to ethanol steam is 5 orders of magnitude smaller than that to humidity, while no sensing response is found for hydrogen and acetone. According to the fully recovered performance and non-sensing behavior to hydrogen, the sensing behavior of the nanofibers could be attributed to the electrical-field-driven transfer of proton between H3O+ induced by the physisorption of water molecules.


Many data-driven approaches exist to extract neural representations of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, but most of them lack a proper probabilistic formulation. We propose a scalable group level probabilistic sparse factor analysis (psFA) allowing spatially sparse maps, component pruning using automatic relevance determination (ARD) and subject specific heteroscedastic spatial noise modeling. For task-based and resting state fMRI, we show that the sparsity constraint gives rise to components similar to those obtained by group independent component analysis. The noise modeling shows that noise is reduced in areas typically associated with activation by the experimental design. The psFA model identifies sparse components and the probabilistic setting provides a natural way to handle parameter uncertainties. The variational Bayesian framework easily extends to more complex noise models than the presently considered.


Management of the axilla in breast cancer has evolved rapidly following the implementation of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Histological examination of the sentinel node allows accurate prediction of the overall stage of the axilla in 97% of patients [1-5]. Following SLNB, approximately 25-30% of patients will be identified as having a positive biopsy [3,6,7]. Current guidance from the American Joint Committee on Cancer (A]CC) [8] classifies axillary lymph node tumour deposits from a breast primary as macro metastasis, micro metastasis or isolated tumour cells (ITC). ITCs are single cells or small clusters of cells no greater than 0.2 mm in largest dimension, in the presence of which the node is classified as negative. AJCC staging distinguishes between ITC-positive [pNO (i+)] and ITC-negative [pN0(i-)] nodes; however, in the absence of proven benefit of intervention for ITC, current guidelines suggest equivalent management of these two groups [8,9]. Metastasis within a sentinel lymph node (SLN) is, conventionally, an indication for axillary clearance. Increased early breast cancer detection, more rigorous sectioning protocols and use of techniques such as immunological staining have increased the frequency with which micro metastasis and ITC are identified in the absence of concomitant macrometastatic disease. Published guidelines currently suggest treating axillae with sentinel nodes positive for micro metastasis but not in cases with ITC alone [9]. Despite this, significant variation in practice still exists; some groups advocate surgical management whenever tumour material within the sentinel node is identified, regardless of size. Others suggest selective avoidance of completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) following identification of micrometastatic disease in low-risk patients [10]. This paper reviews the evidence for performing axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), the reported incidence of sentinel and associated non-sentinel lymph node metastasis, the methods employed in prediction of non-sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis and whether alternative treatment strategies following positive SLNB might rationalise current surgical management.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of interleukin 12B(IL-12B) promoter and Graves′ disease (GD). Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 189 GD patients(GD group) and 188 healthy control subjects (control group). IL-12B gene promoter was amplified by polymorphism chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were sequenced to detect genetic mutation. The genotype, allele frequency and their correlation with GD were analyzed. Results Two SNPs were detected in the promoter of IL-12B gene: -671G/T and -405G/T. The 2 polymorphisms showed close linkage and its polymorphism distribution was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Their genotype and allele frequencies in the GD group did not differ from those in the control group (P 0.05). Conclusion There are 2 polymorphism sites of the promoter of IL-12B gene, but they don′t confer genetic susceptibility to GD.


The authors present the prevalence of echinococcosis (hydatidosis) invasion in pigs slaughtered in the Lublin province between 2001−2004. In these years it was 10.39% on average. The invasion range seems to decrease in 2003−2004.


Chauffeured car service based on mobile applications like Uber or Didi suffers from supply-demand disequilibrium, which can be alleviated by proper prediction on the distribution of passenger demand. In this paper, we propose a Zero-Grid Ensemble Spatio Temporal model (ZEST) to predict passenger demand with four predictors: a temporal predictor and a spatial predictor to model the influences of local and spatial factors separately, an ensemble predictor to combine the results of former two predictors comprehensively and a Zero-Grid predictor to predict zero demand areas specifically since any cruising within these areas costs extra waste on energy and time of driver. We demonstrate the performance of ZEST on actual operational data from ride-hailing applications with more than 6 million order records and 500 million GPS points. Experimental results indicate our model outperforms 5 other baseline models by over 10% both in MAE and sMAPE on the three-month datasets.


Background. Lockdown restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic exerted a strong impact on people's quality of life and increased loneliness. This study evaluates the effect of the pandemic on loneliness in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) compared with the general population. Methods. 100 BMS patients versus 100 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in five Italian centers. The 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale-8 (ULS-8), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Suicidal Ideation Attribute Scale (SIDAS) were administered. Results. BMS patients and HC showed high scores (16 [14-20.25] and 16 [14-18]) in the ULS-8. Statistically significant differences have been found considering the BMS patients lived with fewer relatives during the lockdown compared with the HC (2 [2-3] and 3 [2-4];

 p

 : 0.012) with a lower level of satisfaction in relationships with relatives (4 [1.75-5] and 5 [4-5];

 p
 <
 0.001

 ) and also in the DASS-21 total scores between the BMS patients and HC (16 [10-24.2] and 10 [4-17];

 p
 <
 0.001

 ). The multivariate logistic regression revealed that age, education, DASS-21, and MSPSS were the most predictive variables and could explain 34.68% of the variance in the ULS-8 score (

 p
 <
 0.001

 ) in the BMS group. However, only the DASS-21 was significant in the HC group, explaining 10.11% of the variance of the ULS-8 (

 p

 : 0.033). Conclusions. Both the patients and controls experienced deep loneliness during the pandemic. However, in the BMS group, loneliness was significantly correlated with age, a higher level of education and stress, and a lower level of satisfaction in relationships with relatives and social support perceived compared with the controls.


With the brand new opening of a walk-through bird exhibit in the London Zoo, an investigation was performed to evaluate the stress which the birds might experience from serial events; the moving of the aviary, changing environment and then opening-to-the public. The faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) from droppings of five Hooded Pittas Pitta sordida in the London Zoo were monitored for four months. EIA was chosen to measure the hormone metabolite levels. The FGMs level was significantly decreased in the group of after the public opening, compared to the "before move" group. It is considered that the new semi-natural, mixed species enclosure provides an improved environment for the observed birds and that the non-invasive hormone metabolite analysis is a useful method to monitor animal welfare status in long term studies.


Doxorubicin, an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, acts as a cancer treatment by interfering with the function of DNA. Herein, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was for the first time developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of doxorubicin and its major metabolites doxorubicinol, doxorubicinone, doxorubicinolone, and 7-deoxydoxorubicinone in mouse plasma. The liquid–liquid extraction of a 10 μL mouse plasma sample with chloroform:methanol (4:1, v/v) and use of the selected reaction monitoring mode led to less matrix effect and better sensitivity. The lower limits of quantification levels were 0.5 ng/mL for doxorubicin, 0.1 ng/mL for doxorubicinol, and 0.01 ng/mL for doxorubicinone, doxorubicinolone, and 7-deoxydoxorubicinone. The standard curves were linear over the range of 0.5–200 ng/mL for doxorubicin; 0.1–200 ng/mL for doxorubicinol; and 0.01–50 ng/mL for doxorubicinone, doxorubicinolone, and 7-deoxydoxorubicinone in mouse plasma. The intra and inter-day relative standard deviation and relative errors for doxorubicin and its four metabolites at four quality control concentrations were 0.9–13.6% and –13.0% to 14.9%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of doxorubicin and its metabolites after intravenous administration of doxorubicin at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg to female BALB/c nude mice.


Background: The relationship among HIV, HPV, and development of CIN is complex and incompletely understood. Present study is undertaken to find out the prevalence and relationship of abnormal cervical cytology and HPV infection in HIV positive women.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, case control study conducted on 95 HIV seropositive and 95 seronegative women. Specimen was collected from the cervix for HPV DNA testing, subtyping and cytology.Results: HPV DNA positivity was higher in seropositive group (18.6% vs. 7.4%). Premalignant conditions were found only in seropositive group. At CD4 count <249 HPV DNA positivity was 53%, at 250-499 the percentage of HPV DNA positivity was 31% and at >500 HPV DNA positivity was 19%.Conclusions: Prevalence of abnormal cytology and HPV DNA positivity is higher amongst HIV positive women and there is an association between HPV DNA positivity with lower CD4 counts.


J'. 0. BOX 808 L-228 Abstract, Approximate finite element models are developed for the purpose of preserving the tridiagonalitl- of the mass and stiffness matrices in the state space model matrices. These approximate rnodels are utilized in the design of active structural control laws for large flexible structures.


OASE yellow (MDEA based) 3 Table 1: Performance gain by selective MDEA-based amine formulations in TGTUs Refinery sulphur recovery units (SRUs) are faced with the challenge of processing increasingly sour crudes, while maintaining, or even reducing, the level of sulphur emissions. Higher sulphur loads need to be treated by the Claus process and its tail gas treatment section. As a first measure, operators are exploring various ways to improve the performance of the SRU without incurring the additional costs required for revamping. Replacing the common MDEA-based amine solution in the Claus TGTU can provide a very cost-effective option, not only reducing emissions, but also allowing significant opex savings as illustrated in this article.


A malignant paraganglioma of the subclavian (supra‐aortic) area and organ of Zuckerkandl with metastases to the liver and pancreas was discovered at autopsy in a 22‐year‐old man with known transposition of the great arteries. Light microscopy showed the typical "Zellballen" pattern and Grimelius stain showed intracytoplasmic argyrophilic granules, which appeared ultrastructurally as electron dense granules. Review of the literature disclosed 59 previously reported cases of hypoxia associated with endocrine tumors. The case presented is believed to be the first example of a subclavian paraganglioma associated with hypoxemia. One previous case of a paraganglioma arising in the organ of Zuckerkandl that occurred in a hypoxic state has been reported. The possibility of cyanotic congenital heart disease with chronic long‐standing hypoxia, predisposing to the development of paraganglioma with malignant transformation is presented.


In the first book of his Commentary on Posterior Analytics, Thomas Aquinas explains that every demonstration assumes the existence of evident and indemonstrable principles which guarantee the certainty of the conclusions. To ensure the existence of certain and indemonstrable truths, Aquinas introduces the idea of per se notae propositions. These propositions are typically characterized by the fact that they have a predicate which is part of the intelligible content of the subject, in other words, they are analytic propositions. However, at the end of the second book, when Thomas explains how the principles of demonstrations are obtained, the doctrine exposed does not seem to be perfectly consistent with the doctrine of the per se notae propositions, because it describes a process of induction more suitable to explain the rise of non-analytic propositions. The aim of this paper is to propose a solution to this problem, through the distinction of two kinds of principle. It will be demonstrated the appropriateness of such a distinction by the discussion of some texts of Robert Grosseteste and Albert the Great.


The development of Agropolitan commodities in Enrekang Regency is more increase, especially transportation demand for inter-regional trading commodities, moreover ushered inter-island trade. Transport commodity with conventional systems (truck), leading to container transport in anticipation of cargo to be delivered inter-island. This study analyzes the container transport demand for Agropolitan commodities that may be boxed and its relation to the performance of the road construction and geometric as well as access to terminal handling Agropolitan roads in supporting the container transport. The analysis shows that the potential demand for container transport commodity crops-fruits and vegetables high enough. Performance roads are possible for the development of vehicle access to the container terminal handling Agropolitan requiring width adjustment and geometric road, road structure adjustment and periodic road maintenance and new road construction alternatives.