The principal-agent framework is a rapidly developing approach to the analysis of contractual relationships within the private sector. We argue that it should be a promising approach to the analysis of public policy commitments as well. As a matter of fact, it allows the statement of a number of basic public policy problems in terms of an integrated framework. The making and implementation of public policy involve fundamental contractual problems referred to as asymmetric information, moral hazard, bounded rationality and adverse selection. The Niskanen bureau model is a principal-agent model, but its general result is much more limited than previously recognized, which may be shown by employing the same mathematical structure as Niskanen himself uses.


The range of an acoustic Doppler current profiler depends on several factors, e.g. on the level of the power output and on the acoustic backscatter level. In this article results from a study on the range performance of a profiler are discussed. Two tests were carried out in October, a time of year when Norwegian fjords are fairly clear. The tests showed that the range of the instrument changes significantly during short periods of time, follow the biological rhythm of zooplankton. To avoid predators, the zooplankton migrate down the water column during the day and up during the night (diel vertical migration). When the acoustic backscatter level was at its highest, the range was longer than the specified maximum range. During day, the maximum range was almost halved compare to the range at night. The output's power level had less influence on the range than the backscatter level. Almost the same range was obtained in low power mode as in high power mode.


We calculated the energy band structure and the optical absorption and reflectivity for each of the ultrathin 2D hexagonal materials MoS2, MoP2, NbS2, and NbP2. Our simulations included density functional theory, generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and the Quantum Espresso code. Other researchers already synthesized the first three materials. We obtained that NbP2 should be another hexagonal 2D material. In all cases in the infrared and visible ranges, the absorptions present much larger concerning graphene. However, the absorptions for MoP2, NbP2, and NbS2, are far more prominent concerning MoS2. In the ultraviolet region, the absorptions are like each other and differ from graphene. In all cases, the reflectivities are similar to each other and vary from graphene.


A proxy blind signature scheme is combination of two signature schemes particularly proxy signature and blind signature. In this signature scheme the original signer delegate his/her signing authority to some other entity named proxy signer. The proxy signer signs the documents or messages, but he cannot be able to find any link between the blind signature and the identity of the signature requester. In the open literature the majority of the existing digital signature schemes were developed based on intractability of a single hard problem like integer factoring problem (IFP), discrete logarithm problem (DLP) or elliptic curve discrete logarithm problems (ECDLP). This paper analyzes Qi and Wang et al's scheme, which is based on multiple hard problems namely IFP and ECDLP. But their scheme has security weaknesses and cannot hold some of the basic properties of signature scheme. Improvements are suggested to overcome with these weaknesses, such that the proposed signature scheme satisfies the security standards of a proxy blind signature scheme. The security of the improved scheme is also analyzed, which shows that this signature scheme is more secure than that schemes based on single intractable problem.


A keyboard operated electronic musical instrument is disclosed in which an independent monophonic tone synthesizer is operated from the same keyboard that controls the generation of tone from a polyphonic tone generation system. The highest frequency note is assigned to the monophonic tone synthesizer and all other actuated keyboard switches are assigned to the polyphonic tone generation system. The detection of the highest note is initiated each time that a keyswitch changes from an unactuated to an actuated state. An alternative arrangement is to assign the lowest frequency note to the monophonic tone synthesizer.


Frequently, dealing with the cathedral chapters was the more difficult question for the bishops during Old and New Regime. In the following pages, the contacts between the occupants of Oslo's see and its senate are studied, from 1789, year of preconization of Antonio Caballero, to 1883, the pontificate's end of Ceferino Gonzalez. From the middle of the past century, the binomy bishopchapter was solved in the benefit of the first, and the unity of action reached its climax.


Decision making in the United States Courts of Appeals occurs primarily in three-judge panels with rotating membership. A substantial number of court of appeals cases are decided by panels that include a judge who is not a regular court of appeals jurist but is, instead, a district court judge serving temporarily on the court of appeals bench. This means that court of appeals decision making is often a function of small groups with temporary members. In this article, we set out to examine whether designated district court judges behave differently than their court of appeals colleagues with whom they render decisions. And, in doing so, we suggest a profitable direction for theory building vis-a-vis judicial decision making. Our analysis of the ideological direction of the votes judges cast as well as the variance in those votes indicates that judges on three-judge panels are influenced by the preferences of their fellow panelists, and that designated district court judges, while no more variable than their court of appeals colleagues, are more susceptible to the influence of their peers than regular members of the courts of appeals in a non-trivial number of cases. As such, we conclude that designated district judges are not fully fungible with court of appeals jurists in a significant minority of cases.


An electrode for production of aluminium metal by electrolysis of an aluminium containing compound dissolved in a molten electrolyte, where the electrowinning process is performed in smelting cells of conventional Hall-Heroult design. The electrode comprises a calcinated carbon containing body being integrated with at least one composite metallic conductor comprising conducting elements of a Fe containing material and conducting elements of a Cu containing material. The composite conductor comprises a barrier layer material at the interface between the two conducting materials. Barrier materials of ceramic, Refractory Hard Materials (RHM), and of metallic types are proposed as well as methods for their application.


In the long term an increasing demand for bioplastics and particularly for biobased plastics is expected. Biopolymers form the basis of sustainable development, and stand for an effective and economical use of raw materials. Reasons for the significant interest in biopolymer materials include economic aspects but also continuous improvements in their property profiles as well as optimized processing conditions for bioplastics. At present the preferred and most promising bioplastic is polylactic acid (PLA). PLA is widely available and at the same time has a reasonable market price. In the light of predicted price hikes for petroleum-based plastics, these developments will make PLA even more attractive in the future. It can be assumed that due to future shortages in raw materials and the associated higher purchasing and environmental costs, petroleum-based standard plastics will be increasingly replaced with bioplastics.


Two approaches are proposed for revolutionary gains in MEMS device communication. The first is to view all network devices as computational or active devices. Computation can take many forms. The amount of computation may vary, but every device has some type of computation, either programmed or ambient. Use of computation in an optimal manner is the same challenge faced by active networks. Thus, advances in active networks and networks of MEMS devices are mutually beneficial. The second approach is to optimize networks of MEMS devices via exploiting emergence. Understanding emergence requires understanding complexity; this relationship is explored relative to networking. The results lead toward emergence that can be precisely engineered to achieve desired characteristics. The purpose of the research proposed in this white paper is to understand and develop a theory for basic emergent protocols using computer science formalisms and simulation techniques for higher order emergent protocols. Emergence is a concept or property in the macroscopic behavior of a system that is not contained within the microscopic description (Figure 1). It is a natural phenomenon in which structured collective behavior appears from the interaction of simple subsystems, such as MEMS devices. The research proposed in this white paper will integrate emergent protocols in network service protocols to create a new class of featherweight, survivable protocols called "emergent protocols." The challenge will be to identify emergent protocols that arise from the operation of the device and its interaction with other MEMS devices, especially in an environment of suboptimal connectivity where messages can be lost and the system must operate with only a partial knowledge of its environment. By understanding the emergence of new behaviors in such a dynamic environment, the proposed research will induce emergent protocols that implement required network service protocols. A key is to recreate and study the behavior of large multitudes of interacting MEMS devices. Emergence is a natural phenomenon in which structured collective behavior appears from the interaction of simple subsystems, such as MEMS devices. The research proposed in this white paper will integrate emergent behavior in network service protocols to create a new class of featherweight, survivable protocols called "emergent protocols." Another key is to integrate as much communication and processing into the devices' normal operating physical behavior as possible and minimize or eliminate the need for a separate, full-size, higher power processor external to the system to set up, manage, or control the system. Existing computer communication protocols, while supporting the explosion of today's Internet, are a poor fit on MEMS devices. This is primarily because communication protocols have been designed assuming the devices supporting them will be modified to support the protocol. Such modification assumes the supporting devices have the appropriate processing capability, are generally static in movement, and exhibit limited dynamics and physical interaction. In active networks, benefits and insights have been gained by removing the taboo of the simple "network versus complex end-system" myth. In this project, the myth of protocols will be removed entirely, viewing communication networking from a clean slate. Two general approaches are proposed for improving MEMS device communication: • View all network devices as computational or active devices. The computation can take many Figure 1. Microscopic versus macroscopic scales. Non-Locality Primitive actions at lower level cause instantaneous information transfer at macroscopic level


Abstract What factors influence a psychologist's decision to maintain or break confidentiality of an HIV-positive patient? Dangerousness (serostatus), identifiability (relationship status of patient and third party), homophobia, and impression management were the major factors examined. The sample was composed of 236 psychologists and psychologists in training attending the 1994 American Psychological Association (APA) convention in Los Angeles, California. They were given 16 scenarios depicting four different situations with patients at various HIV risk levels, and measures determining levels of impression management and homophobia. A majority (51% to 92.2%, depending on the scenario) of the respondents chose to maintain confidentiality in all scenarios. Participants were least likely to maintain confidentiality in scenarios describing a high level of dangerousness and identifiability.


Abstract Our understanding of Minoan funerary practices in the Early and Middle Bronze Age on Crete was until recently to a large degree informed by the excavations of cemeteries that took place early in the 20th century. However, the aforementioned excavations are characterized by a significant lack of detailed archaeological data regarding the precise positions of osteological remains and the actual treatment of the body. The excavation of the Early Minoan II–Middle Minoan II cemetery at Sissi (ca. 2650–1720 b.c.) focused on a more complete characterization of the complexity and variation in Minoan funerary practices. Using archaeothanatology and involving field anthropologists from the first stages of excavation, precise and reliable interment sequences and (successive) treatments of the bodies were reconstructed. The result is a more nuanced understanding of primary and secondary burials and in turn contemporary Minoan society.


Abstract The prevalence and the factors influencing respiratory symptoms and asthma in recreational athletes are still poorly defined. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of self-reported asthma and respiratory symptoms in a sample of Italian amateur athletes compared with the general population. We also intend to estimate the association between asthma, the type of exercise and the environment where it was practised. The study population included athletes (A) practising sports in the city of Bozen (northern Italy) (n = 1022). A random sample from the general population (GP) (n = 2166) was used as the control group. All participants filled in a questionnaire including items regarding asthma, respiratory symptoms and type of sporting activities. Associations between exposure variables and outcomes, adjusted for potential confounding factors, were estimated using logistic regression. Our findings revealed that the prevalence of asthma ("Have you ever had asthma?") was lower among A (4.0%) than in the GP (11.0%, P < 0.001). Similar figures were recorded for current asthma (asthma in the past plus an asthma attack or wheezing in the last 12 months and/or current use of medication for asthma) (A 3.0%, GP 4.8%, P = 0.044) and for respiratory symptoms (A 3.9%, GP 18.9%, P < 0.001). Comparisons within the sample of athletes, taking indoor sports as a reference category, revealed that performing outdoor sports in spring and summer was associated with a higher risk of asthma, the same however was not true for outdoor sports performed in winter (adjusted OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.1–7.5). Where OR = Odds Ratio and CI = Confidence Interval. The risk of developing symptoms after exercise was higher for outdoor sports practised in the mild or cold seasons (adjusted OR = 4.6, 95% CI = 1.0–21.3 and adjusted OR = 11.9, 95% CI = 2.5–56.1, respectively). Training for more than five hours a week was associated with a lower prevalence of asthma than training for less (adjusted OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.2–0.9). Finally, no relationship emerged between type of exercise, asthma and respiratory symptoms. The results of this study indicate that asthma is less common in amateur athletes than in the general population and that the risk of asthma and respiratory symptoms is associated more with outdoor than with indoor sports, but not with any particular type of exercise.


This paper presents the results of an exploratory case study in which a risk management method was used and compared with a method currently used by the organization. The goal of the case study was to obtain feedback on an early version of a risk management method, called Riskit, that has been developed at the University of Maryland. This paper also presents an overview of Riskit method version 0.10 and describes the comparison method currently used by the case study organization, as well as the case study design.


Tax is a taxpayer contribution to the state owed by every person and entity that is coercive. To achieve this, the role of citizens is very important in contributing to paying taxes to increase state revenue. This research aims to test and obtain empirical evidence of the influence of taxpayer awareness, trust in government, tax knowledge, application of e-filing and tax sanctions on the compliance of individual taxpayers in KPP Pratama Gianyar. The population of this study is all taxpayers registered with KPP Pratama Gianyar. The sample in the study was as many as 100 private taxpayers determined based on accidental sampling methods. The analytical tool used to test hypotheses is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the variable application of e-filing had a positive effect on taxpayer compliance. While taxpayer awareness, trust in government, tax knowledge and tax sanctions have no effect on taxpayer compliance in KPP Pratama Gianyar. Further research is expected to develop this research by increasing the number of samples and using other variables that have an influence on taxpayer compliance such as the use of e-billing systems.


Heat-induced polymerization of fish actomyosin (AM) was investigated with sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The AM solution was placed on the top of the density gradient of sucrose solution accumulated within a narrow test tube (inner diameter: 6mm, length: 80mm) and heated at 40, 60 and 90 °C. The chilled tube was centrifugated at 1200 ×g for 10min. The sedimenta tion pattern was recorded for each tube with a scanning turbidimeter designed by the authors. In the pattern, new peaks due to AM polymer appeared on heating. As the temperature rose, high molecular polymers were formed; as a result, the distribution of molecular weight became broader. From the above results, the formation of protein network structure was compared between the setting of fish flesh sol (suwari) and fish flesh gel (kamaboko) formation.


In this research, the reverse phase high preformance liquid chromatography method was used to analysis the base ratio in synthetic double stranded oligouncleotides (Poly Ⅰ:C 12U).After the sample was treated by alkali and alkaline phosphorylase, the result show that the rate of cytidine monophosphate to uridine monophospate in Poly Ⅰ:C 12U was near to designed ratio(12∶1). This method can be used in quality administration.;


The 19th International Headache Congress (IHC) held in Dublin in September proved to be our most successful congress for many years. Over 2,000 delegates attended, the highest number since 2003, and enjoyed an incredibly diverse and rich programme covering all topics of headache medicine through teaching courses, plenary sessions, ''one topic, two views'' sessions, lunchtime and parallel sessions, and satellite symposia. Oral presentations from submitted abstracts highlighted the recent exciting developments in headache medicine and over 500 posters were displayed, the best of which were selected for presentation as e-posters. The IHS Juniors Group was also active throughout the congress, the highlight of which was the Headache Science Excellence Tournament, an event which has become a true IHC tradition. Six presenters were selected in a blinded fashion based on the content of their submitted abstract and two winners were selected by the audience: One for a clinical research presentation and one for basic research. The presentation award winners were Mohammad Al-Mahdi Al-Karagholi from Copenhagen, Denmark (Clinical science) and Zach Bertels from the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA (Basic science). The Juniors group also facilitated the attendance of over 40 young clinicians and researchers from all over the world, especially from developing countries through travel grants, and held networking events during the congress.


The present invention discloses a mixed gas-liquid mixing means stirred reactor, comprising a support, and a stirring blade attached to the motor driving the stirring blade holder, said paddle comprising: a rotatably mounted in the seat on the hollow shaft, the hollow shaft is provided with a plurality of vents; fixed to the top of the hollow shaft and the motor pulley linkage; attached to the tip of the hollow shaft and the hollow shaft communicates with the inside duct of the rotary joint; fixed to the outer wall of the hollow shaft and a plurality of branch pipes radially with the interior of the hollow shaft communicating, each with a radial branch pipes are vents. Means for stirring the gas-liquid mixing reactor according to the present invention, while stirring, and stirring blades will exhaust out of the liquid around the bubbles, under stirring fin beat large bubbles are crushed into small bubbles, small bubbles more likely to stay in a liquid gas-liquid mixture is further stirring branch pipe and a radial fins action, small bubbles diffuse more easily to all parts.


We use thioacetamide(TAA) as homo-deposition reagent to acquire ZnS microballs and CdS nanomaterials by hydrothermal method.The growth mechanism of ZnS and CdS materials was discussed.The products were characterized by XRD,SEM,UV-Vis,Photoluminescence spectra.It indicated that the ZnS products were accumulated by many small nanoparticles and it showed good dispersion between the microballs.But the size of CdS products was smaller than that of ZnS with relative bad dispersion.Compared with the bulk samples,the peaks of UV-Vis were blue-shifted obviously for both samples.


Guidance for Industry: Guide to Minimize Microbial Food A review on the plant microbiome: Ecology, functions, and 9.6 Temperature and Microbial Growth – Microbiology Persistence of plant-mediated microbial soil legacy Waterborne Pathogens: Detection Methods and Challenges9.5 The Effects of pH on Microbial Growth – Microbiology Bacteria as Plant PathogensGuidance for Industry: Guide to Minimize Microbial Food Plant Disease Management: New Method for Early Detection Microbiome Digest Bik's Picks | A daily digest of Crash Course in Microbial Identification Bitesize BioMicrobial Plant Pathogens Detection And Disease Diagnosis Plant pathology WikipediaPlant Disease Journal: First LookPlant Pathogens an overview | ScienceDirect TopicsAPS HomeFrontiers | Mode of Action of Microbial Biological Control Pseudomonas WikipediaCurrent and Prospective Methods for Plant Disease DetectionMicrobial Food SpoilageTypes of microorganisms with examplesHome Segra InternationalMicrobial interactions within the plant holobiont Microbial life in the phyllosphere | Nature Reviews Microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) are applied to crops for biological control of plant pathogens where they act via a range of modes of action. Some MBCAs interact with plants by inducing resistance or priming plants without any direct interaction with the targeted pathogen. Other MBCAs act via nutrient competition or other mechanisms modulating the growth ...This guidance is intended for all fresh-cut produce firms, both domestic and foreign, to enhance the safety of fresh-cut produce by minimizing the microbial food safety hazards.Feb 25, 2021 · ELISA-based methods can be set up for microbial detection (usually within diagnostics) on a species-by-species basis. These methods are highly sensitive but they rely on very specific antibodies and highly discriminating protein(s) within the organism of interest. 9. Chemical/Analytical Identification Fatty Acid ProfilingFoodborne microbial pathogens associated with the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables include Cyclospora cayetanensis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, hepatitis A virus, Listeria monocytogenes Pseudomonas is a genus of Gram-negative, Gammaproteobacteria, belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae and containing 191 validly described species. The members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a wide range of niches. Their ease of culture in vitro and availability of an increasing number of ...Aug 06, 2015 · For plant disease detection, tissue print-ELISA and lateral flow devices that enable detection have been fabricated for on-site detection. However, the sensitivity for bacteria is relatively low (10 5 –10 6 CFU/mL, Table 1 ) making it useful only for the confirmation of plant diseases after visual symptoms appear but not for early detection May 21, 2015 · 3. Detection Methods for Waterborne Pathogens. Presently, there is no unified method to encompass the collection and analysis of a water sample for all pathogenic microorganisms of interest [].The challenges of the detection methods are the physical differences between the major pathogen groups, low concentration of pathogens in a large ...Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants.Not included ...The presence of Listeria in Jeni's blood suggests that her symptoms are due to listeriosis, an infection caused by L. monocytogenes.Listeriosis is a serious infection with a 20% mortality rate and is a particular risk to Jeni's fetus. A sample from the amniotic fluid cultured for the presence of Listeria gave negative results. Because the absence of organisms does not rule out the Working with this service is a pleasure. Their Support is real Microbial Plant Pathogens Detection And Disease Diagnosis: Bacterial And Phytoplasmal Pathogens, Vol people, and they are always Microbial Plant Pathogens Detection And Disease Diagnosis: Bacterial And Phytoplasmal Pathogens, Vol friendly and supportive. I had a problem with my payment once, ...Sep 28, 2021 · Plant-soil feedbacks are shaped by microbial legacies that plants leave in the soil. We tested the persistence of these legacies after subsequent colonization by the same or other plant species PLANT GENOMICS RICHMOND, BC. This business division is led by Segra's Chief Science Officer Dr. John Brunstein. Over the past 5 years, Segra has developed industry-leading quality assurance diagnostics for both cultivar DNA fingerprinting and pathogen detection.Sep 01, 2019 · The application of microbial consortia is an emerging approach to overcome lab to field hurdles , .The rationale of this approach may be the combination of microorganisms with different traits, either complementing each other to combine different mechanisms needed for different effects such as plant growth enhancement and biocontrol of pathogens.General microbiome [PREPRINT]Unconstrained coevolution of bacterial size and the latent period of plastic phage – Bonachela, Choua & Heath – bioRxiv Not a 'they' but a 'we': the microbiome helps promote our well-being –


Rock bolting has advanced rapidly during the past four decades due to a better understanding of load transfer mechanisms and advances made in the bolt system technology. Bolts are used as permanent and temporary support systems in tunnelling and mining operations. A review of reinforcement devices has indicated that three classes have evolved as part of rockbolt and ground anchor while the rock is not generally thought of as being a component of the reinforcement system. A classification of rockbolting reinforcement systems is presented, followed by the fundamental theory of the load transfer mechanism. Finally, various failure modes of rockbolting systems are discussed. CLASSIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT Rock bolting has advanced rapidly during the past four decades due to a better understanding of load transfer mechanisms and advances made in the bolt system technology. Bolts are used as permanent and temporary support systems in tunnelling and mining operations. In surface mining they are used to stabilise slopes and in underground workings they are used for roadway development, shaft sinking, and stoping operations. Rock bolts are installed around openings in mines and tunnels to tie weaker layers to stronger layers above, to prevent sagging and separation and to provide a reinforcement zone in rock mass that makes greater use of a rocks inherent mass strength to enable it to be self supportive. A reinforcement scheme is an arrangement of primary, secondary and tertiary reinforcement systems in a variety of dimensional and spatial configurations. Some of these may have been installed as preor post-reinforcement, and may be un-tensioned, pre-tensioned or post-tensioned. A review of reinforcement devices has indicated that three classes of device have evolved: rockbolt (generally less than 3 m), cable bolt (generally in the range from 3 to 15 m) and ground anchor (generally longer than 10 m). All of them comprise four principal components as shown in Figure 1, Windsor (1997): Figure 1 Four principal components of a reinforcement system, after Windsor (1997) Whilst, the rock is not generally thought of as being a component of the reinforcement system, it has a marked influence on the behaviour of the system and must therefore eventually be considered an integral part of the system. For reinforcement with a bolt, the reinforcing element refers to the bolt and the external fixture refers to the face plate and nut. The internal fixture is either a medium, such as cement mortar or resin for grouted bolts, or a mechanical action like friction at the bolt interface for frictionally coupled bolts. The internal fixture provides a coupling condition at the interface. With reference to the component of internal fixture, the reinforcement system has been catalogued into three fundamental types, Windsor and Thompson (1993):  Continuous Mechanically Coupled (CMC) systems;  Continuous Frictionally Coupled (CFC) systems; and  Discreetly Mechanical or Frictionally Coupled (DMFC) system. 1 School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia, Email: email@example.com, Mob: 0408 711 28


We describea convenientmethod for the direct determination of the serum cholesterol linoleate/cholesterol oleate (L/O) ratio by reversed-phase "high-performance" liquid chromatography. After removal of phospholipids by silicic acid chromatography, a serum extract is analyzed on a 5-tm particle size Ultrasphere-ODS column, eluted isocratically with acetonitrile/isopropanol (30/70, by vol). Detection is at 200 nm. Cholesterol palmitoleate interferes with the measurement when the analysis is based on peak area, but not when peak height is used. The overall precision of LIO measurements by thismethod was very similar to that observed witha gas-liquid chromatographic procedure, in which the cholesterol esters are first isolated and transesterified to the methyl esters.Inbothcases, the within-run CV for six replicate analyses was less than 2%. Analysisof 53 human serum samples by both methods yielded very similar L/O ratios. A plot of the data (our method = y) vs the usualgas-liquidchromatographic procedure gave a correlation coefficient of 0.988 and a regressionequationofy = 1.03x + 0.0 13. Furthermore, directanalysisofserum cholesterol ester L/O ratios by our liquid-chromatographic method is simpler, quicker, and more readily adaptable to automation.


This paper will demonstrate the importance of performing unified mixed-signal measurement and characterization procedures. It will be shown that a joint analog and digital analysis has a strong impact on future (radio-frequency) RF components and devices. This is mostly due to the fact that today's circuits and systems are evolving in the way of integration into a single module, which makes the separation of analog and digital analysis impossible to be done. Some details about mixed-signal instrumentation are introduced by showing representative laboratory measurement arrangements. They allow to obtain correlated information of analog and digital portions of mixed-signal systems, which are essential to retrieve the commonly named transfer functions. This information will make possible to produce better designs of the entire radio front-end, as well as, the implementation of optimized digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms to compensate the analog impairments.


: The regioselective iodination of different 2-mono-, 3-mono- and 2,3-disubstituted 6-aminoquinoxalines, which takes place at their 5-position, was rationalized on the basis of Hückel theory calculations. Oxazolo- and thiazolo[5,4- f ]quinoxaline analogues of reported disease-related protein kinases inhibitors were synthesized from the obtained 6-amino-5-iodoquinoxalines by using as key steps copper-catalyzed azole ring formation. Pyrazino[ b,e ]isatins were for the first time obtained from the same substrates by recourse to Sonogashira coupling, alkyne hydration and oxidative cyclization. The absorption and emission properties of the most promising compounds were recorded. In addition, most of the synthesized polycycles were evaluated as protein kinase inhibitors and for their antiproliferative activity towards cancer cells. While by functionalization and cyclization, the was obtained by Sonogashira coupling, alkyne hydration and oxidative cyclization. Most of the synthesized polycycles were evaluated in


The investigation of 7 adult colleges and universities in Tianjin shows that the adult college staff training also can't meet the requirements of the implementation of the concept of lifelong education.The problems,for instance,teachers' enthusiasm is not high or they are not satisfied with the training content,still exist.Therefore,the adult colleges need to further enhance the effectiveness of staff training from the aspects of exploring adult training law and making the training plan scientifically and so on.


Advances in psychopharmacology and neuroscience have brought into view a wide field of competing mechanisms for the etiology of schizophrenia including, but not limited to, deficits in one or more neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, and noradrenaline systems), neurodevelopmental defects in cortical connectivity, and viral infection. Genetic studies suggest heterogeneity in the illness, with multifactorial inheritance. Since cerebral metabolic activity reflects regional brain work for all neurotransmitter systems, imaging studies can provide information on the functional neuroanatomy of a deficit in the individual patient, allowing the grouping of patients for more intensive investigation in more homogeneous groups. Metabolic imaging studies allow psychopharmacological response to be regionally assessed and clinical responders to be identified, even for medications that affect more than one neurotransmitter system or have clinical effects that derive from changes in activity one synapse or more removed from the site of primary action.


Carboxylic acids are traditionally produced from fossil fuels and have significant applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and fuel industries. Significant progress has been made in replacing such fossil fuel sources used for production of carboxylic acids with sustainable and renewable biomass resources. However, the merits and demerits of each carboxylic acid processing platform are dependent on the application of the final product in the industry. There are a number of studies that indicate that separation processes account for over 30% of the total processing costs in such processes. This review focuses on the sustainable processing of biomass resources to produce carboxylic acids. The primary focus of the review will be on a discussion of and comparison between existing biochemical processes for producing lower-chain fatty acids such as acetic-, propionic-, butyric-, and lactic acids. The significance of these acids stems from the recent progress in catalytic upgrading to produce biofuels apart from the current applications of the carboxylic acids in the food, pharmaceutical, and plastics sectors. A significant part of the review will discuss current state-of-art of techniques for separation and purification of these acids from fermentation broths for further downstream processing to produce high-value products.


Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a negative regulator of leptin signaling and is expressed in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. We previously showed that activation of leptin receptors in POMC neurons mediates the chronic effects of leptin on blood pressure (BP). In this study, we examined whether deletion of SOCS3 specifically in POMC neurons amplifies the chronic metabolic and cardiovascular responses to leptin. 28‐week old male (n=5) and female (n=7) SOCS3flox/flox‐POMC/cre mice in which SOCS3 was selectively deleted in POMC neurons and control SOCS3flox/flox male (n=5) and female (n=7) mice were implanted with BP telemetry probes. After recovery, 24‐hr mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), body weight, and daily food intake were recorded for 5 consecutive days at baseline. Then leptin was infused (2 mg/kg/day, i.p) via osmotic minipumps for 14 days followed by 6‐days of recovery.


Thepresent workisgiven inthecontext of motorfunction rehabilitation viaimplanted Functional Electro-Stimulation (FES). Ourultimate objective istouse natural muscle sensitive fiber information asfeedback forthe FES artificial controller. Thisimplies online extraction of information fromneuralactivity ina formusableby a closed-loop controller. Inthisstudy, thein-vivo viscoelastic responsesof the rabbitskeletal muscleMedial Gastrocnemius (MG)wereinvestigated. Two anesthetized New Zealandwhiterabbits weresurgically exposed and testedunder in-vivoconditions. A Longitudinal Intrafascicular Electrode (LIFE) wasimplanted inthetibial branchinnervating MG muscle.Musclestate(length variation andforce) aswellaselectroneurogram (ENG)from LIFEswererecorded whileapplying external mechanical stretches tothemuscle. A series ofsinusoidal stretch profiles ranging inratefrom0.01uptolHzwereimposed onthe muscle. Mechanical properties wereexpressed through a viscoelastic modelandENG signals wereanalyzed intermsof thesingle unitresponses usingsimple threshold detection. Thisapproach hastheadvantage ofbeinga fastandeasy methodforunitseparation withthebigadvantage thatit could beimplemented foronline application.


Aircraft accident research has revealed a relationship between injury to the occupants and damage to the aircraft structure. The present study explores the possibility that judgments of damage are affected by knowledge of injury. Thirty-six male subjects estimated aircraft damage from 36 photographs of aircraft accidents. In connection with each photograph the subjects were provided with fictitious injury (as well as other) information. Accident photographs, subjects and injury levels were appropriately counterbalanced. The major hypothesis was supported. Accident-involved aircraft were given higher damage ratings when the photographs were presented with higher injury levels than when the same photographs were presented with lower injury levels. Suggestions are made for overcoming this bias which exists in the laboratory and which may exist in the field.


Introduction The levels of chronic disease amongst the Qatari population have increased dramatically in recent years. Whilst these diseases are highly prevalent in Qatar, awareness surrounding the recognition of symptoms and the disease itself are limited. Sourcing accurate information about health conditions is crucial. It is currently unknown how Qatari people source information concerning health problems for themselves as well as others. This information, however, is essential for our understanding so that strategies can be derived to assist the population concerning the various health problems that are encountered. We explored how and where the Qatari population seek information regarding health problems. Methods Ethical approval was gained from Hamad Medical Corporation/Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Joint Institutional Review Board (14-00017). Adult Qataris 18–85 y were approached at different sites, including educational establishments and shopping malls, and asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire to ascertain basic information concerning demographics, health status, and utilisation of health care services during the past year and sources of health information that individuals access. The data were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results A total of 394 questionnaires were completed, with 62% respondents being women. More men rated their health as very good compared to women (60.1% and 53.1%, respectively). However, this was not statistically significant X2(3, 387) = 5.7, p = 0.319. Overall, more people in Qatar used the Internet as a source of health information (71.1%) than in previous studies in the USA (23.8–53.5%)(1,2). This difference between US and Qatar percentages can be explained by the fast diffusion of Internet use and overall wide spread of technology usage among Qataris (3). More women (78.7%) than men (60.8%) used the Internet as a source of seeking information about health (X2 (1, 72) = 14.8, p


Abstract Gravel occurred in. the stomachs of 17.8% of 924 Galaxias vulgaris and 2.8% of 430 Philypnodon breviceps taken from the Glentui River, Canterbury, between June 1970 and November 1971. It is suggested that differences in feeding habits and feeding locality are responsible for the difference in occurrence of gravel in the stomachs of the two fish species. Galaxias vulgaris feeds in the water column in riffles and, being a drift feeder, is more likely to ingest inedible material by accident than is P. breviceps, which feeds on the bottom in sheltered or quiet stretches of the river.


We develop a machine learning algorithm to infer the 3D cumulative radial profiles of total and gas mass in galaxy clusters from thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect maps. We generate around 73,000 mock images along various lines of sight using 2,522 simulated clusters from the The Three Hundred project at redshift z < 0.12 and train a model that combines an autoencoder and a random forest. Without making any prior assumptions about the hydrostatic equilibrium of the clusters, the model is capable of reconstructing the total mass profile as well as the gas mass profile, which is responsible for the SZ effect. We show that the recovered profiles are unbiased with a scatter of about $10\%$, slightly increasing towards the core and the outskirts of the cluster. We selected clusters in the mass range of 1013.5 ≤ M200/( h−1M⊙) ≤ 1015.5, spanning different dynamical states, from relaxed to disturbed halos. We verify that both the accuracy and precision of this method show a slight dependence on the dynamical state, but not on the cluster mass. To further verify the consistency of our model, we fit the inferred total mass profiles with an NFW model and contrast the concentration values with those of the true profiles. We note that the inferred profiles are unbiased for higher concentration values, reproducing a trustworthy mass-concentration relation. The comparison with a widely used mass estimation technique, such as hydrostatic equilibrium, demonstrates that our method recovers the total mass that is not biased by non-thermal motions of the gas.


The article explains the behaviour of inflation in Georgia in the post-stabilization period. Long-run equation linking prices with money and exchange rate, as well as short-run, dynamic equation for inflation are estimated. The inflation equation is stable, points to a dominant role of exchange rate in the inflation behaviour. The equation explains well the behaviour of inflation after the Russian crises, when inflation increased sharply but was quickly brought under control when the National Bank of Georgia kept its monetary policy tight and exchange rate stable.


Background: National plans have an important role in defining vision, goals, priorities, and action plans. The present paper examined the international experience in developing upstream documents concerning women's health; it regards the necessity of developing Iranian women's health plan. Methods: This review, conducted with search in electronic databases and literature of no limitation in terms of years conducted. The phrases such as "woman health policy", "woman health promotion", "woman health strategy" and "woman health plan" were searched. The criteria based on which the countries were chosen were the degree to which they were developed in health system, health indexes, the accessibility of required information, and the possibility of benchmarking the new methods. Results: Emphasize on gender as a determinant of health, increasing the economic activities of women, decreasing the violence against women, gender-based researches, and inter-sectorial approach are some common items in the women's health plans in selected countries. The main upstream documents about women health in Iran such as 'Research policies and principles of women issues', "Women Charter of Rights in Iran" were not developed and implemented in form of a comprehensive plan so we need to formulate a full women health national plan that summarizes all previous policies with addition of new needed strategies inclusion. Conclusion: Developing a national plan for Iranian women's health regarding with selected countries experiences makes a long-term vision for health and obtains the institutional and organizational efforts and resources necessary for women health promotion in Iran.


In this study, new benzoylthiourea derivatives, (E)-N-[(2-benzamidomethyleneamino)ethylcarbamothioyl]benzamide H3L′, N-(1-(3-benzoylthioureido)propan-2-ylcarbamothioyl)-benzamide H4L″, (E)-N-[4-(benzamidomethyleneamino)phenylcarbamothioyl]benzamide H3L‴, were synthesized. Structures of the compounds were identified by spectroscopic techniques. In addition, all synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. Compound H3L‴ exhibited antibacterial activity.


Prior experimental studies showed that nanowires are promising structures for improving the thermoelectric performance of practical thermoelectric materials due to the strongly induced phonon-boundary scattering. However, few studies examined the impact of phonon-boundary scattering on the thermal conductivity of thermoelectric nanowires from a first-principle approach. In this work, we systematically study the role of phonon-boundary scattering with different boundary specularities on the thermal conductivity of PbSe nanowires by rigorously solving the full phonon Boltzmann transport equation without any adjustable parameters. We observe significant thermal conductivity reduction for rough PbSe nanowires with diameters less than a few hundred nanometers. The reduction reaches ∼40% for 10 nm thick, rough PbSe nanowires at room temperature. The diameter-dependent thermal conductivities are found to contain important information about the phonon mean free path distribution from a standard reconstruction algorithm. The simulation results are important for fundamental understanding of nanoscale thermal transport in thermoelectric materials and will guide the future design of thermoelectric devices to achieve better energy conversion efficiency.


In this study, the volatile and sensory profiles of monovarietal extra‐virgin olive oil (EVOO) from two less widespread Algerian autochthonous cultivars (Souidi and Zeletni) were obtained using headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and a panel test, respectively. A total of 14 and 10 volatile compounds belonging to different chemical classes were identified and quantified in the Souidi and Zeletni EVOOs, respectively. Zeletni EVOO contains 2.07 times more (E)‐2‐hexenal than Souidi EVOO. In addition, the amounts of C6 compounds from LA and LnA, as well as the total amount of the compounds of the LOX pathway were higher in Zeletni than in the Souidi EVOO. Another important finding was the predominance of sesquiterpene β‐ocimene in the composition of the volatile fraction of Souidi EVOO. The sensory profiles of the EVOOs analyzed were characterized by fruity, bitter and pungent sensory positive attributes, perceived at medium intensity in both oils studied.


The exponential cubic B-spline algorithm is presented to find the numerical solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. The problem is reduced to a system of algebraic equations, which is solved by using a variant of Thomas algorithm. Numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the suggested algorithm.


range for each case. To achieve good agreement with the measured values, the parameters are usually obtained from back calculation by curve fitting with history records. Although this technique could improve the accuracy of prediction in practice, it is only applicable for a specific range of each work. To overcome such shortages, it is necessary to consider at least an elasto-plastic model with isotropic hardening. In addition to previously mentioned aspects, the non-linear pre-failure initial stiffness of soil at small strain range is necessary for analysis of some geotechnical earthworks (Burland, 1989). Recently, with the advancement in constitutive model development and implementation in Plaxis, the Hardening Soil model (HS) (Schanz et al., 1999) with small strain stiffness (HS-small) has been proven to be effective in analysis of geotechnical works. Moreover, with the advanced feature in later versions of Plaxis, the implementation of any desired constitutive model via user definemodel subroutine is possible. This facilitates the engineers to utilize more advanced soil models. In this article, three constitutive models with enhancing levels of complexity are used to simulate three types of geotechnical works Numerical Simulations of Geotechnical Works in Bangkok Subsoil Using Advanced Soil Models Available in Plaxis and Through User-Defined Model


There are personal features in etiopathogenesis of andrology. Among them,both humid heat and blood stasis are essential pathologic elements. The thesis mainly talks about the importance of pathogenesis of "humid heat combined with blood stasis" in andrology and the significance for therapeutical principle and prescription through concrete diseases.


A CCORDING to the American Association of Fund-Raising Counsel, private philanthropy spends more than four billion dollars each year in health-sector activities. These dollars help to pay for health-care services delivered to the poor; contribute to financing health-professional schools; underwrite a substantial share of biomedical research; and build, renovate, and equip health-care facilities. The association estimates that between 19 and 20% of private foundations' outlays of more than $2 billion per year contribute to health-sector activities. Private foundations' health spending, then, amounts to between 400 and 500 million dollars each year.1 While private foundations' half billion dollars is relatively small compared to total private philanthropic health spending of more than four billion, federal health spending of more than 50 billion, and total national health spending of more than 160 billion dollars each year, the argument is frequently heard that private foundations' relative influence in the health sector is substantially greater than their relative dollar contribution. This disproportionate influence is said to stem from crucial "gap-filling" and the innovative nature of much private foundation health spending. For example, foundation and other private philanthropic hospital subsidies are important in keeping the doors of these facilities open to the uninsured population who lack private health-insurance coverage or who are ineligible for insurance under Medicaid and Medicare programs. Because of their


The processes an authors manuscript must go through to become a book, in paper and in electronic form are compared. From authors manuscript to publisher to printer to distributor, the common and unique features of the two processes are noted and compared. Definitions of paper book and electronic book are proposed. Graphics, art and hypertext features are excluded from the study and distribution by floppy disk is chosen over network distribution to achieve an even, apples-to-apples comparison between the two publishing processes. Publishing electronic books is substantially cheaper than publishing paper books on a per-book basis. The cost savings are realised by the subprocesses of the publication process that can be eliminated For the electronic medium and by the comparatively small space on a computer disk onto which the equivalent paper book can fit


The invention concerns a method for determining the quality of meat, in particular beef, on the transformation site, comprising the following steps: a) collecting, on the transformation site, data on parameters pertaining to the group consisting of the animal's race, age, and category, and biological and/or physico-chemical parameters of the animal's carcass pertaining to the group consisting of weight, conformation, fleshing, the carcass pH and colour, and the thickness of the hide; b) obtaining at least an optical spectrum of the meat at wavelengths pertaining to a spectral range from the visible to near-infrared; c) combining data obtained from steps a) and b), to determine the meat tenderness according to a predetermined law established with respect to a predetermined tenderness reference scale.


This paper aims at investigating the quasi-static response of yielding shear expanded metal panels. The study is conducted by means of nonlinear finite element analysis of the expanded metal panel embedded in a pinned rigid frame similar to the typical experimental mounting of shear tests. The model was validated against experimental results available in the literature. Thereafter, the numerical model is used to study the structural behavior of the panels in depth. A parametric analysis is conducted to investigate the influence of cell geometry parameters by analyzing three different cell types at different orientations, the effect of the panel size on the shear response of the panel. The results show that shear response depends mainly of cell geometry and panel length while panel height effect is almost negligible. Finally, expanded metal panels subjected to shear loading exhibited a local stable collapse mechanism.


This Commentary warns that by continuing to act as if Turkey's membership of the EU was still a credible prospect, the EU is dodging the critical issue of how to establish friendly and constructive relations with an independent, self-confident Turkey. More importantly, this approach prevents the EU from at last accepting that enlargement is not the only – nor necessarily the best – policy option available to deal effectively with a strategically important country on its borders.


volume Abu Makhramah's account occupies only 23 pages, of which a good deal is repeated in the excerpt from Ibn al-Mujawir which fills the remaining 47. Lists are furnished of buildings, wells, walls, etc., mixed with legendary and historical matter. Ibn al-Mujawir is a gossipy writer who tells all he knows ; the mention of a tunnel causes him to enumerate all known tunnels with their length; the use of Aden as a place of deportation is occasion for a list of all other places used for this purpose. The second volume is considerably longer, of 171 pages, containing biographies of persons connected with Aden, in alphabetical order down to the name 'Umarah ; financial reasons delay the completion of the work, which should contain the very necessary Indices. It should also provide a glossary, as these texts employ many rare words, for which the editor not infrequently gives references without adding explanations. His work is, however, very painstaking and scholarly, and deserves special gratitude here, since Aden is an important British possession. Before it enjoyed the pax Britannica its history was stormy; at one time the tariffs on imports were so numerous and ingenious that the traders got nothing for their wares, and presumably kept away. The biographies contain much interesting matter. It is to be hoped that the editor will be enabled to complete this valuable addition to the history of Arabia.


Students do not or will not ask questions for a number of reasons from past educational experience to peer pressure. Research on students asking questions focuses on comprehension and critical thinking, but the Business and Economics Department at Lebanon Valley College has added two important dimensions: a feedback loop from communications models and the pragmatic goal of preparing students for interviews, both for internships and their first job. The department has developed several strategies which set expectations; explain the reasons for the expectations; give students feedback, including grades; sustain the expectations through the course; and create a continuum of expectations from the students' first course through their last.


The utility model provides a wind pipe machine, including air intake, air outlet and fan parts, wind pipe machine still includes: first heat exchanger sets up between air intake and fan parts, the second heat exchanger sets up between air outlet and fan parts. The utility model discloses a wind pipe machine has solved wind pipe machine's the problem that heat exchange efficiency is poor among the prior art effectively.


This paper describes some possible economic motivations for government intervention in farm credit markets. These motivations are made possible by explicit departures from the perfect information and complete market assumptions that underlie both the neoclassical competitive paradigm and the fundamental theorems of welfare economics. To be more precise, the analysis focuses on three types of asymmetric information between farmers and prospective outside investors, both of whom are assumed to be risk neutral. Arguably, the three informational asymmetries examined here represent natural departures from "perfect markets" in that, unlike the unencumbered neoclassical model, each elicits farmers' optimal use of debt contracts (rather than equity instruments or other contractual forms) to raise investment capital. Despite their consistency with observed contractual choices, all three of the models analyzed below yield free-market equilibria that diverge from first best/perfect information outcomes. Given the inefficiency of these market equilibria, the key question raised and discussed here is: Can government improve upon the derived competitive outcomes and, if so, how? Despite the enormity of the credit rationing literature, only a few extant studies address this question in models that are consistent with debt contracts. Among them are DeMeza and Webb (1987, 1988, 1989) and Innes (1988), which focus on the third type of informational asymmetry considered below. The other two information structures posited in this paper have been studied in several analyses of credit markets, but with attention focused on positive attributes of the unfettered competitive equilibrium rather than on prospective implications for welfare-enhancing government intervention. In what follows, th s literature is surveyed and, for the first two information structures, some new policy results a e presented. A critical discussion of the paper's limitations concludes the article.


The isotope abundances of samarium, europium, and gadolinium have been measured in two normal chondrites, an achondrite. a carbonaceous chondrite, and a volcanic basalt originating from a depth of 40 km in the Kilauea-Iki vent in Hawaii. The meteoritic isotope abundances are similar to the terrestrial abundances within experimental errors, and general'' or special'' anomalies for these three elements in meteorites do not seem to exist. There is no depletion of the isotopes with large thermal-neutron capture cross section (Sm/ sup 140/, Eu/sup 151/, and Gd/sup 157/) relative to the earth. With reference to a recent theory which attributes the terrestrial and meteoritic abundances of D, Li, Be, and B to spallation and thermal-neutron irradiation, our data can be discussed as follows (1) the neutrons produced in spallation processes were not thermalized, so that the rare-earth isotope abundances were unaffected: (2) if the neutrons were thermalized, the ratio of irradiated material to nonirradiated material is exactly the same for the earth and meteorites: (3) there was no significant thermal-neutron irradiation. These three alternatives are discussed with reference to some recent studies of meteorites. (auth)


Hepatotoxicity associated with voriconazole (VRCZ) is a clinically significant adverse effect,and regular liver function tests are needed to detect it during the early stages.Although information regarding the clinical features,outcomes and risk factors of VRCZ hepatotoxicity is considered to be important in ensuring the proper management of antifungal therapy,such information has not been sufficiently reported.In this retrospective study,we evaluated VRCZ-related hepatotoxicity outcomes.Hepatotoxicity due to VRCZ occurred in 24 of 59 patients (40.7%),and was frequently observed within 3 weeks after the initiation of its administration (16 of 24 patients ; 66.7%).In 10 of the 59 patients (16.9%),the drug had to be discontinued due to abnormal liver function.On performing multivariate analysis using logistic regression to identify risk factors influencing hepatotoxicity due to VRCZ,we found that overdosing,i.e.administering doses exceeding recommended weight-based doses,tended to increase the occurrence of hepatotoxicity (Odds ratio=5.271,95% confidence intervals 0.925-30.045,P=0.061).In conclusion,our findings suggest that there is a need for weight-based standard dosage adjustment of VRCZ to avoid the risk of hepatotoxicity.In addition,we recommend frequent monitoring of liver enzymes to prevent serious hepatotoxicity within 3 weeks of initiating administration of VRCZ.


Neuromagnetic spectral distributions when silently viewing words and non-words were investigated using a 151-channel whole head MEG system. The data were analyzed with synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM). The dominant changes of spectral power were identified in the parietal and occipital cortices in 15–30 Hz, 30–60 Hz and 60–125 Hz bands following both word and non-word stimulations. The changes in Broca's and Wernicke's areas were consistently observed in 60–125 Hz bands, mainly following word stimulation. The results indicated that the occipital and parietal cortices were most probably involved in visuospatial processing of words and non-words. The language areas, particularly Broca's and Wernickes's areas, might be involved in implicit word processing such as verbal searching and/or internal speech.


The behavior of symmetric A n B 2n A n triblock copolymer films confined between two hard neutral walls was explored by Monte Carlo simulation. The thicknesses of the films were between ≅1R g0 and ≅R g0 , where R g0 is the unperturbed radius of gyration in the bulk. The confinement leads to a lamellar structure normal to the wall and the order-disorder transition (ODT) temperature was found to be a function of film thickness. When the film thickness (D) was less than a critical value, D C , which is between 3R g0 and 4R g0 , the ODT temperature (T* ODT ) reduced by chain length N (T* ODT /N) decreased with decreasing film thickness. However, T* ODT /N was nearly independent of the film thickness when it was greater than D C . In the case of strong confinement (D D C ), the volume of the B block is nearly independent of film thickness. The conformations of the B block in the disordered state are quite different from those in the lamellae. If the film is thick enough, the volume of the B block approaches its value in the unperturbed state, regardless of the morphology. When temperature decreases, the B block stretches in the direction perpendicular to the A/B interface and shrinks in the other two directions. In addition, decreasing the temperature leads to the chains adopting two main extreme conformations, coiling or stretching as much as they can. The scaling behavior of the fraction of bridge chains vs. the temperature obtained in the weak segregation limit was different from that predicted in the strong segregation limit.


would have to be less stable to hypo-osmotic conditions than to iso-osmotic conditions and be sensitive to acid and C'a' I . The dual-population hypothesis dcniands therefore that exactly opposite properties be ascribed to the two proposed populations of vesicles. The opposite sensitivities t o differing osmolarities are particularly contradictory, and we find the dual-population hypothesis implausible for these reasons. If the loosely bound acetylcholine is not in a different population of vesicles it must reside within the same vesicles as does the tightly bound acetylcholine but be bound in a different way. It could be bound near to the surface of the vesicle, its lability being simply a reflection of how near the surface it is. Alternatively it could be disposed throughout the vesicle but not be as tightly bound as the less-recently synthesized acetylcholine. In either case the coupling of the exchanges can be readily explained by the necessity for tightly bound acetylcholine to be lost in order to vacate sites for occupation by the loosely bound acetylcholine.


While countless facets of today's educational process are being improved, the problem of substitute teaching remains largely ignored. This writer contends that the typical substitute teacher program retains antiquated stop-gap measures of little value to a school.


In order to update the core attributes of decision table dynamically,when the decision table object is modified,the storage structure of equivalence class list table of decision table was constructed,and the definitions of the simplified decision table and core attributes based on the simplified decision table were proposed.It was proved that the core attributes acquired from the definition is equivalent to core attributes of positive region.And then,the theories of updating core attributes,which aims at the aspects of modified the object appointed,were researched.The corresponding algorithm was described,which on the base of simplified decision table,only needs to search the part of equivalence class list table to obtain the modifying object,reduces the search range and enhances the efficiency of the algorithm.The method of counting core attributes was used to avoid storing discerniblity matrix and reduce the space complexity.Finally,the validity of the algorithm was verified in instances.


Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu state, India experienced a major disastrous flood during Nov-Dec 2015. The city is characterized by mixed land use with high built-up density. The freely available C-band Sentinel-1 temporal GRDH SAR images are used to analyze this flood event. We used the co-polarized (VV) SAR images for mapping the flood area. A change detection technique (Normalized Change Index (NCI)) which uses a pre-flood image having the same image characteristics as the flood/post-flood images is implemented on the temporal SAR images. An automatic flood mapping approach, i.e. NCI combined with thresholding is used to identify the flood area. This approach has underestimated the flood area for this particular study area which is due to the use of moderate resolution SAR images for high-density urban flood mapping. Despite underestimation, Sentinel-1 SAR images are very useful to get the first insight of flood condition in the high density urban areas.


The Centre for International Politics Working Paper Series is the official working paper series of the University of Manchester's Centre for International Politics (CIP) Research Seminar. This Series is intended to provide a forum for debate and discussion both for papers which have been presented to this Seminar and also for papers produced separately by members of CIP staff and postgraduate – as contributions to the variegated field of issues and concerns that enrich the discipline of International Relations today. All the papers published in the Series have been subjected to a mild refereeing process to maintain quality. As with all working paper series, the papers published here do not necessarily appear in their final form. As such, their appearance as a CIP paper does not preclude revision for submission to another forum.


Line scanning of an angle-lapped specimen by microprobe Auger electron spectroscopy ( µ-AES) is proposed for depth profiling of superstructures. A multilayer structure enlarged several hundred times is exposed on an angle-lapped surface, and depth profiling is carried out using electron beam scanning. This method makes it possible to measure the compositional depth profiles of a large depth region that is over several thousand Å within only several minutes. The composition profile of Ga in a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs superstructure is measured with the depth resolution of 80 Å. The thinnest detectable GaAs layer is 15 Å.


Abstract ϵ Eridani hosts one known inner planet and an outer Kuiper belt analog. Further, Spitzer/IRS measurements indicate that warm dust is present at distances as close as a few AU from the star. Its origin is puzzling, since an "asteroid belt" that could produce this dust would be unstable because of the inner planet. We tested a hypothesis that the observed warm dust is generated by collisions in the outer belt and is transported inward by P-R drag and strong stellar winds. With numerical simulation we investigated how the dust streams from the outer ring into the inner system, and calculated the thermal emission of the dust. We show that the observed warm dust can indeed stem from the outer belt. Our models reproduce the shape and magnitude of the observed SED from mid-IR to sub-mm wavelengths, as well as the Spitzer/MIPS radial brightness profiles.


It is well-known that maximally entangled states such as the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, with the Bell states as the simplest examples, are widely exploited in quantum information and computation. We study the application of such maximally entangled states from the viewpoint of the GHZ transform, which is a unitary basis transformation from the product states to the GHZ states. The algebraic structure of the GHZ transform is made clear and representative examples for it are verified as multi-qubit Clifford gates. In this paper, we focus on the Bell transform as the simplest example of the GHZ transform and apply it to the reformulation of quantum circuit model of teleportation and the reformulation of the fault-tolerant construction of single-qubit gates and two-qubit gates in teleportation-based quantum computation. We clearly show that there exists a natural algebraic structure called the teleportation operator in terms of the Bell transform to catch essential points of quantum teleportation, and hence we expect that there would also exist interesting algebraic structures in terms of the GHZ transform to play important roles in quantum information and computation.


Planar microdeformations in quartz from Vredefort lithologies have been widely regarded as impact-generated shock metamorphic effect (e.g. (1)). Others have pointed out the existence of two separate events associated with formation of planar microdeformations (2) or questioned the categorical classification of Vredefort microdeformations as bona fide planar features (syn. elements) and provided evidence for the abundance of planar fractures (e.g. (3)). (1) and (3) presented orientation data for planar microdeformations from Vredefort. They suggested that their results either favoured the impact hypothesis (1) or tectonic high-strain rate processes (3). In 1987 Reimold (1) presented the results of fracture density determinations along a N-S and a NW-SE trending profile through the well-exposed northern half of the granitic core of the Vredefort structure (compare Fig. 1). The main results were: (i) the determined deformation degrees did not progressively increase towards the center of the structure; (ii) strongest deformation was measured in samples from the socalled "Vredefort Discontinuity"(2), the charnockitic rock-bearing and pseudotachylite-rich transition zone between Outer Granite Gneiss and Inlandsee Leucogranofels, and (iii) the fracture density profiles are very similar to the pseudotachylite distribution patterns along these traverses. (iv) In the case of the NW-traverse decrease of deformation degrees from the Discontinuity towards the center of the Dome was indicated. (v) The degree of recrystallization profiles implied that annealing, too, could be related to the distribution of pseudotachylite. Reimold (1) concluded that it therefore had to be assumed that dynamic deformation as well as the annealing of Vredefort rocks were related to formation and distribution of pseudotachylite and that these, as well as the fracture density results suggested that deformation originated from local sutures rather than from a central catastrophic shock event. As part of a general reassessment of chemical and petrographic features of the Vredefort Dome (3,4) under specific consideration of the meaning of the Vredefort Discontinuity, samples from the KK-traverse (Fig. I), situated between the NW-and VNT-profiles of (1) and featuring a collection of very closely-spaced samples, became available for fracture index determinations. The results are presented in Fig. 2. In order to extend this profile further towards the center of the structure, samples from farms Visagies Drie (VJUS), Rust en Vrede (186) and from the leucogranitic portion of borehole OKD-1 were studied as well. A typical photograph of specimen 186 is shown in Fig. 3, illustrating that this sample and the borehole samples are largely annealed, but still contain sizable areas with primary deformation textures. In these samples only such areas were evaluated. Thus it is important to note that while the studied quartz areas generally were rather large and easy to identify, most of the smaller primary feldspar areas could only be identified by their intense fracturing, which probably led to a bias towards higher fracture counts in feldspar from these samples (cf. Fig. 2). The ratio vol% quartz/vol% feldspar was plotted to assess whether sample mineralogy needs to be considered on interpretation of the deformation data. However, it is obvious from Fig. 2 that nearly all samples have rather similar compositions and that this profile does not compare with the fracture counting results. Results: Samples from near to the contact with the Lower Witwatersrand strata of the collar around the granitic basement indicate a significant increase in deformation (No. planar deformations!), a result that was also suggested by some of the previous (1) data. Outer Granite Gneiss samples display a rather uniform deformation degree, until the vicinity of the Vredefort Discontinuity is approached. Over the next ca. 3 km the deformation degree is dramatically increased, before it decreases into the central Inlandsee Leucogranofels zone. The samples from the environs of the Inlandsee (centre of Dome) display variable results for planar deformation counts (very low), counts of all fractures in quartz (with one exception at normal "background" level, but generally far below the degree measured at the Discontinuity), and for counts of all fractures in quartz and feldspar (background to very high values). A probable explanation for the high feldspar values from the center has been given above (bias for measurements in feldspar). Thus the previous results from (1) i.e. strongest deformation along the pseudotachylite-rich "Discontinuity" and (4) absence of shock deformation and generally low degree of "high-strain rate" deformation in the borehole samples from the center of the Dome have been confirmed. Finally the % recrystallisation profile along the KK-traverse is completely different from the earlier results. Thermal deformation away from the contact with the collar is very low (with a few exceptions) in the region around the "Discontinuity" and from there increases again towards the interior of the structure. Previously (1) differences in sampling philosophies (away from pseudotachylite in the VNT-case, indiscriminate with respect to pseudotachylite in the NW-case), have been suggested as explanation for the variable annealing results obtained, but it appears doubtful whether this explanation can be maintained in the light of the similarity (higher values close to collar, low annealing degrees in "Discontinuity" region) between the KKand VNT-annealing profiles. Metamorphic studies (2) have revealed that the increase of annealing degrees towards the NNW has to be associated with the contactmetamorphic aureole around the alkaligranitic intrusions (shown in Fig. 1). In conclusion, the deformation-textural data from now three radial traverses through the basement to the Vredefort structure do not favor a central catastrophic shock event, but could be explained by major structural events taking place along intracrustal discontinuities, such as the "Vredefort Discontinuity" (see also (8) (10)). However, the controversy about the nature and orientation statistics of planar microdeformations from Vredefort needs to be resolved, before microdeformation data alone should be used to infer genetic implications. As in this case, much further groundwork is required with regard to pseudotachylite and "shatter cone" occurrences at Vredefort, and, in particular, with respect to the


It represents the main opinions of men of letters and senior officials in feudal China that DU Mu Commandered LI Kan's mouth in his "Epitaph of LI Kan"to attack the poems of Yuanhe style by YUAN Zhen and BAI Ju yi,and Which marks the tramsmutation,with important critical siynificance,between middle and late of Tang Danasty.


Aggregation of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) plays a crucial role in their environmental transport, fate,bioavailability and biological effects. This study investigated the temperature effect on the aggregation kinetics of CeO2 NPs in KCl and CaCl2 solutions using time-resolved dynamic light scattering. The results show that in KCl and CaCl2, the aggregation rate became faster as the temperature increased. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of CeO2 NPs went down from approximately 100 to 10 mM in KCl and from approximately 10 to 2 mM in CaCl2 solutions when the temperature increased from 4 to 37°C. The observations were analyzed in the framework of extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (EDLVO) theory in order to find out the mechanisms underlying the temperature effect. Moreover, a theoretical model developed on the basis of EDLVO theory and von Smoluchowski's population balance equation was used to predict the aggregation kinetics of CeO2 NPs under different temperature. The model predictions agreed well with experimental data, suggesting that the model could be employed to predict the size change of NPs in solution. Overall, this work provides insights into NP aggregation using experimental and modeling approaches, and allows people to better understand and theoretically predict the environmental behavior and risk of NPs.


Elastic modulus,load and unload plastic modulus of generalized plastic P-Z model were improved by considering pressure dependency of dam-filling gravel materials,and experimental data of static and dynamic triaxial tests of the gravels were used to calibrate the improved model's parameters.By using this model,a static and dynamic finite element method(FEM) was adopted to analyze a gravel concrete-faced rockfill dam(CFRD) of 200m-grade high.The results show that permanent dam deformation under earthquakes can be directly obtained with the improved generalized plastic model,and that the behaviors of static deformation,dynamic responses and permanent deformation obtained through elastic-plastic analysis are reasonable.Thus consideration of pressure dependency by the improved model is feasible and effective.


Francisella tularensis is a gram negative non-motile coccobacillus that is the causative agent of tularemia. There is concern that F. tularensis could be used as a biological weapon and development of vaccines is a high priority. Type A strains are highly virulent but the current live vaccine strain (LVS) is based on a type B strain and is only partially protective against aerosol challenge with SCHU S4, a type A strain. A series of live attenuated vaccine candidates were derived from the SCHU S4 strain containing specific deletion mutations in target genes. After initial studies in mice, these attenuated strains were evaluated in rabbits. Rabbits were vaccinated by scarification which induced a mild fever and eschar formation at the inoculation site but no other clinical signs of disease. Serum IgG responses could be detected in all vaccinated rabbits as early as day 7 and continued to increase through day 21 before declining slightly on day 28. CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ T cells proliferated when cultured in vitro with heat-killed SCHU S4. Three of the vaccine strains conferred partial protection against death (ranging from 27-40%) and prolonged time to death in animals that did succumb. Vaccination with LVS prolonged survival by 1-2 days but did not protect against death. Type A-derived vaccines are immunogenic and provide better protection than LVS in the rabbit model against a robust aerosol challenge. These candidates warrant further study and evaluation.


Abstract : This guidebook on INGRES, a relational database management system (DBMS), provides instruction on the main functions of the system, which involve creating a database and tables, designing forms for those tables, appending, updating, and retrieving data, and outputting data in the form of a report. The report guides users through the procedures required to create and manage an INGRES database. Guidebook is specifically tailored for low- to medium-level instruction for soldiers on the use of the Advanced Unit Training and Management System (ATUTMS).


The nervous anorexia is an upheaval of the alimentary behavior characterized by a dietary restriction auto-imposed resulting in one accented loss of weight, bringing drastic consequences for the organism, as much for the physiological alterations as psychological, produced for the malnutrition. The treatment of the illness includes pharmacon, neuropsychological and nutritional therapy, being last an integrated process, in which the nutritionist and the team work together to promote modifications in the behaviors related to the weight and the feeding.


The raising connectivity of critical embedded systems makes them vulnerable to cyber-security attacks that compromise not only privacy but also safety. This results in intricate dependencies between functional safety and security, and higher demands to address both disciplines simultaneously. However, there are still many gaps on the common application of functional safety and cyber-security standards. Over-The-Air (OTA) software updates are a clear example of this challenge. While the installation of regular software upgrades is a crucial cyber-security practice to keep the system up-to-date with the latest security patches, they might involve high re-certification efforts and costs from a safety standpoint. In this paper, a safety and security concept for software updates on mixed-criticality systems is presented. Particularly, a combined safety and security risk assessment on an automotive use case is performed and risk mitigation measures proposed.


In this paper, fatigue life of a cracked railway wheel under thermo-mechanical loads is studied. For this purpose a FE model of a wheel, with two brake shoes and a portion of rail is created and suitable loads and boundary conditions are applied to the model. It is assumed that the wheel has contained an elliptical crack in the definite depth of the tread surface and thermalloads are determined by modeling the contact of the rail-wheel and two brake blocks. In order to investigate the thermalloads effect on the fatigue life of the cracked wheel, analyses areperformed in two cases: mechanical analysis and thermo-mechanical analysis; while difference between them, shows thermal load effects and its importance. In this work the wheel rotation on rail is modeled and a 3D FE model for determination of rail-wheel contact pressure is used while in many of the previous investigations, either rolling wasn't modeled or its effect was simplified as a translating pressure distribution along the rail-wheel contact region and also the Hertz contact theory had used for determination of contact pressure in wheel- rail interface. Finally, effects of angular velocity on fatigue life of a cracked wheel under -mechanical and mechanical loads are shown. The obtained results confirm the important influences of thermal loads on the wheel fatigue life in all mentioned cases that are studied in this article.


Pretraining a deep learning model on large image datasets is a standard step before fine-tuning the model on small targeted datasets. The large dataset is usually general images (e.g. imagenet2012) while the small dataset can be specialized datasets that have different distributions from the large dataset. However, this 'large-to-small' strategy is not well-validated when the large dataset is specialized and has a similar distribution to small datasets. We newly compiled three hematoxylin and eosin-stained image datasets, one large (PTCGA200) and two magnification-adjusted small datasets (PCam200 and segPANDA200). Major deep learning models were trained with supervised and self-supervised learning methods and fine-tuned on the small datasets for tumor classification and tissue segmentation benchmarks. ResNet50 pretrained with MoCov2, SimCLR, and BYOL on PTCGA200 was better than imagenet2012 pretraining when fine-tuned on PTCGA200 (accuracy of 83.94%, 86.41%, 84.91%, and 82.72%, respectively). ResNet50 pre-trained on PTCGA200 with MoCov2 exceeded the COCOtrain2017-pretrained baseline and was the best in ResNet50 for the tissue segmentation benchmark (mIoU of 63.53% and 63.22%). We found re-training imagenet-pretrained models (ResNet50, BiT-M-R50x1, and ViT-S/16) on PTCGA200 improved downstream benchmarks.


An introduction to the mathematical formalism of graded Lie algebras (superalgebras) is given, together with applications to Nuclear Physics where supersymmetry has been found.


In this work, the sugar cane cooling crystallization process is analyzed. Simulation results obtained with different kinetic equations (power-law type, PLT and diffusion-integration equations, DIE) are compared against experimental results. The crystallization process is modeled by a set of algebraic-integral-differential equations that represent the mass, energy and population balances; and it is solved using the method of lines. The results show that PLT equations generate values for the state variables that are closer to experimental information than results obtained with DIE. Further, it is clear that DIE equations require parameters that change according to process conditions.


I. Dio Cassius mentions Augustus' plans to conquer Britain under the years 34, 27, 26 B.C. (49, 38, 2; 53, 22, 5; and 53, 25, 2). Dateable literary evidence supports Dio. Before 36 B.C. and after 23 B.C. there is no clear allusion in contemporary poets to any intention or desire to attack the Britons.


EXPERIENCE of the limitations of cortisone and hydrocortisone as therapeutic agents in the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis has led to a search for newer and more potent compounds with fewer undesirable side effects. With the knowledge that the physiological properties of the adrenal steroids can be modified by relatively minor adjustments of their structural formula, a number of compounds have been synthesised and tried therapeutically. One of the earliest of these, 9x-fluoro-hydrocortisone acetate was tested by Boland and Headley in 1954, who found its anti-rheumatic activity to be about ten times greater than that of hydrocortisone, but unfortunately the drug had marked salt and water retaining properties which prevented its use as a practical method of treatment. More recently prednisone and prednisolone have been synthesised. These two drugs are analogues of cortisone and hydrocortisone respectively, are derived from them, and differ only in having a double bond linkage between the first and second carbon atoms of the steroid nucleus. Bunim, Pechet, and Bollet (1955) were the first to describe their successful use in seven cases of rheumatoid arthritis, and since then further reports have followed confirming the effectiveness of both drugs (Dordick and Gluck, 1955; Margolis, Barr, Stolzer, Eisenbeis, and Martz, 1955; Hart, Clark, and Golding, 1955; and Boland, 1956). At present the general opinion held is that both substances possess an anti-rheumatic effect about three to five times greater than cortisone, and when employed in equivalent therapeutic dosage they have less sodium-retaining properties (Bunim, Pechet, and Bollet, 1955; and Nabarro, Stewart, and Walker, 1955). There is apparently little, if any, difference in the two drugs in respect of their usefulness or side effects (Bunim, Pechet, and Bollet, 1955), and Boland (1955) considered them interchangeable.


Objective To explore the clinical effect of the two-incision double-plate for the treatment of complex tibial plateau fracture. Methods Retrospective analysis in February 2002-May 2008 two-incision double-plate fixation plus bone graft treatment of complex tibial plateau fracture patients with 32 cases of clinical data. Intraoperative incision using two pairs of medial and lateral plate fixation, using a small plate inside, such as lengthening the lateral separation insert sneak plate, bone graft surgery. Emphasis on early rehabilitation after exercise. Results 32 cases were followed up for 9 to 26 months. The average period was 14 months. According to YONG Shi score system, the results were excellent in 17 cases, good in 11 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 1 case. The excellent and good rate was 87.5%. Conclusion Two-incision double-plate for the treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures with satisfaction. Appropriate choice of surgical time and incision, anatomic reduction, and reliable bone fixation, and postoperative rehabilitation exercise the right to increase the complexity of the tibial plateau fracture of the important factors.


Abstract : The magnetohydrodynamic transient free convection flow of a visco-elastic fluid (Rivlin - Ericksen) caused by the sinusoidal oscillation of a plane flat porous plate has been studied in this paper. The constitutive equations of continuity and mass conservation of visco-elastic fluid are solved by Laplace transform technique. The Velocity profiles of transient and steady-state due to porous plate in presents  Magnetic Hartmenn Number and porosity of the medium obtained in exponential forms and Complementary Error Functions are discussed and shown through graphs


consideration of both the position and the development of the roles of the chairman of the Council of Ministers, his deputies, commissions and committees, individual commissariats and ministries and the apparatus of the council. A wide variety of western and Soviet secondary authorities are used and when there are differences van den Berg contrasts his own conclusions with those of the authors. The work contains information on how, in theory, laws were formulated. It also contains the most detailed discussion of the joint government and party decrees (the so-called double decrees) that I have ever seen. It supplements the work of Rigby and others by dealing with the origins of these decrees, the way in which they were prepared, and their increasing use. He discusses party and state relations and the role of the party in government and includes commentary on contemporary Soviet material. The detailed consideration of the relationships of the party with different government organs clarifies the fact that the party's dominant role from very early in the Soviet period was checked only by the position Lenin held in the government machine. Van den Berg's conclusions on the role of the government differ from those of such other scholars as Dunmore, and he fails to distinguish between formal decisions by the state apparatus (on such questions as appointment and dismissal of officials) and more informal advice (given by bodies like the Politburo) that was acted on by state bodies and thus received the force of law. The work seems to lose accuracy in its translation into German. Some confusion of terminology arises, for example, between Council of Ministers and Sovnarkom, even though there is an attempt to define the use of terms at the beginning of the work. Sometimes statements are too general, as in the description of the division of the industrial commissariats, and the historian may have reservations about the failure to draw a distinction between the contemporary period and the 1930s. These are, however, minor faults in a work that is likely to become widely consulted by those researching Soviet government.


Background: Standard therapy for intermediate to high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) consists of several hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) strategies including autologous-HCT (AUTO), allogeneic-HCT from matched-sibling donor (MSD) or well-matched unrelated donor (WM-URD). When a conventional donor is not available, HCT from partially-matched unrelated donor (PM-URD) or familial mismatched/haploidentical transplantation (FMMT) or umbilical cord blood transplantation is also considered for an alternative choice. Although HCT outcomes of those alternative strategies are advancing with optimization of pre-conditioning regimens with immunosuppressive agents, there are still subjects to debate. We tried to analyze the long-term HCT outcomes according to the donor types including FMMT and PM-URD as an alternative choice.

Methods: We enrolled 561 AML patients (median 41 years old, range: 16-68) in complete remission (CR) who were transplanted in Catholic BMT Center in Korea from 2002 to 2013. Patients in at least second CR were excluded. All patients presented intermediate to high-risk karyotype according to the NCCN guidelines, and all of the patients received standard 3+7 chemotherapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy. In the absence of MSD and WM-URD, we allocated PM-URD or AUTO as an alternative choice first, and then FMMT was considered. We divided patients according to the 5 donor types (i.e. MSD (n=252), WM-URD (n=112), PM-URD (n=41), AUTO (n=104), and FMMT (n=52)), and survival outcomes with the cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), non-relapse mortality (NRM), acute/chronic GVHD and CMV reactivation were analyzed.

Results: Engraftment was successful and showed similar recovery pattern in all donor types. Our data showed mismatch in ABO, sex, and certain HLA locus was not influential, and stem cell source and conditioning-intensity were not also influential for survival outcome and incidence of GVHD. After median follow-up of 54.3 month (range: 6.6-145.6), MSD, WM-URD and FMMT showed similar 5-year OS around 62% except for AUTO at 47.4% and PM-URD at 36.7%. DFS at 5-years was 59% for MSD, 56% for WM-URD, 62% for FMMT, 44.3% for AUTO, and 33.5% for PM-URD. Five-year CIR rate was highest in AUTO (50.3%) followed by PM-URD (33.1%) and WM-URD (29.8%). Lower CIR-rate was identified in MSD (22.4%) and FMMT (21.4%), and the lowest NRM rate was identified in AUTO subgroup (5.1%) followed by WM-URD (11.4%), FMMT (15.6%) and MSD (18.0%). PM-URD showed the highest NRM rate (33.3%) with higher incidence (26.7%) of Gr°A3 acute GVHD compared to 9.3% of MSD. Incidence of chronic GVHD was not significantly different. In adverse-risk subgroup, 5-year OS of MSD, WM-URD, and FMMT was 46%, 47%, and 58% respectively, while AUTO and PM-URD was 11% and 0%, which was caused by significantly higher CIR rate of 79.7% and 83.5%, respectively, compared to 31.1% of MSD. In intermediate-risk subgroup, 5-year OS of AUTO (55.2% ) was not inferior to that of MSD (67.2%, p =0.330) or FMMT (64.9%, p =0.451), which showed the highest CIR rate (42.8%) and the lowest NRM (5.4%). PM-URD also showed highest NRM (39.4%) with high incidence (27.3%) of Gr°A3 acute GVHD.

Conclusions: FMMT should be considered prior to PM-URD in intermediate to adverse-risk AML and GVHD prophylaxis should be intensified when we have to use PM-URD. AUTO might be considered in intermediate-risk AML in selected patients and prospective study should validate the utility of FMMT or AUTO in addition to the conventional donor types.

![Figure 1.][1]

Figure 1.

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: pending:yes


In Spain, timber is a material rarely used in construction. Despite wood has been used in construction for thousands of years, today is considered a short life matirial, which is suitable only for provisional purposes. Therefore, when a few years ago, due to the width extension of the A8 motorway, an old conventional metallic footbridge had to be replaced, the "timber option" proposed by our company Media Madera, was not really what is said to be "a winning bet"