Practical PAIN MANAGEMENT, October 2006 ©2006 PPM Communications, Inc. Reprinted with permission. Americans are more active in sports, at all ages, than ever in our history. Baby boomers, now in their 40's and 50's deny the inevitable aging of their bodies in order to keep a youthful intensity to their sports activities. Meanwhile American children are being pushed into high intensity training and new levels of competitiveness at younger ages than ever before. And in the middle, X-treme sports rule. All of these factors are resulting in escalating levels of sports related injuries and pain. New modalities to treat injury and pain are proliferating and now a few "old" modalities are gaining broad audiences in the U.S.


In a regular perturbation expansion, the routine labor of calculating higher approxi- mations can often effectively be delegated to a computer. Then dozens or even hundreds of terms can typically be found. These may suffice to permit the structure of the solution to be analyzed, and the series then recast to improve its utility. Although special languages are being developed for algebraic and other nonnumerical manipulation, effective computations can be carried out using simply FORTRAN or the like. A number of recent applications in fluid mechanics are surveyed. Details are presented of two new computations inspired by work of Sydney Goldstein: impulsive heating of a flat plate in boundary-layer flow and the decay of an array of cubical vortices. 1. Introduction. The computer is certainly the most revolutionary "modern development in fluid dynamics" of the past 35 years. Some of its enthusiasts suggest that there is scarcely need any longer for analytical techniques; but a more balanced view is that analysis and computing will complement each other. Although finite-difference methods presently dominate the numerical com- putation of fluid motion, alternative schemes are being developed that combine the advantages of numerical and analytical attack. One such seminumerical pro- cedure is the method of series truncation (Van Dyke (1967), Dennis and Walker (1971)), in which the solution of a nonlinear elliptic equation in two variables is expanded in terms of one variable and calculated by numerical integration of ordinary differential equations in the other variable. We discuss here another promising seminumerical scheme: the extension of a perturbation series to high order by delegating the increasingly tedious and un- reliable calculations to a computer. Only a relative handful of problems have yet been treated this way, mostly in fluid mechanics; but a few clear successes have resulted. We survey that work, and add new results for two problems in viscous flow theory. Usually a perturbation solution is carried only to the first approximation, sometimes to the second; and such early termination might be regarded as the hallmark of a successful scheme. Even before the computer age, however, in- defatigable workers had pushed a few expansions to higher order. They were typically unable to compute more than ten terms by hand. For example, in 1847, Stokes calculated the profile of a periodic progressive wave in deep water to third order as


A highly regarded expert on technology law issues, Michael Geist will address copyright, intellectual property, and technology trends on the Internet.


Neutral and charged shallow donor states confined by a parabolic potential in the plane of a GaAs quantum well are studied in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. The influence of the position of the donor on the energy of the states is studied, i.e., we consider both the cases when the donor impurity is on and off the center of the dot. We investigate the dependence of the ground and excited states on the confinement potential and on the presence of an external magnetic field. Two different theoretical approaches are used: the finite difference technique and the fractional-dimension method. We found that if the donor is displaced from the center of the quantum well, the presence of the lateral confinement shifts the magnetic field-induced angular momentum transitions and the unbinding of the charged donor state to a lower magnetic field.


The odoriferous resins produced by the trees of Protium spp (Burseraceae) are known in the Amazonian region as "breus" where they have been used to caulk canoes, as a mosquito repellent, and also have potential use in perfumery. Most species in this region have had the essential oils of their resins characterized, thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate for the first time the volatile constituents from the resin of Protium gallosum Daly, P. paniculatum Engl., P. pillosum (Cuatrec.) Daly and P. paniculatum var. riedelianum (Engl.) Daly. The samples from the individuals that had been previously identified were collected at the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve and subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus, and the essential oils obtained were analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. The essential oil of P. gallosum showed high percentages of oxygenated monoterpenes (43.61%) with a predominance of terpin-4-ol (25.15%), and P. paniculatum consisted exclusively of monoterpenes that were predominantly p-cymene (43.52%; hydrocarbon monoterpene) and the 1,8-cineole (16.83%; oxygenated monoterpene). Most of the monoterpenes identified from P. pillosum and P. paniculatum var. riedelianum were hydrocarbons with a predominance of α-pinene, with 37.74% and 50.93%, respectively. 1,8-Cineole (21.89%) was also identified in the essential oil of P. pillosum. The results obtained this study add chemical knowledge to Burseraceae resins from a biological reserve of the Central Amazon.


This research starts from the low results of learning mathematics students. This can be seen in the daily test of students who are below the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM). One reason is a low understanding of mathematical concepts. Low understanding of concepts is due to the fact that mathematics is still abstracted by students. Abstract mathematical concepts for students will be easily understood when learning using teaching aids. Learning carried out is direct learning using chopstick props. This study aims to determine the improvement in learning outcomes of students of class XII MIPA 2 SMAN 1 Pangkalan Kerinci and carried out in two cycles consisting of planning, action, observation and reflection. The research data collected is data on learning outcomes and field notes. The collected data was analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the application of direct learning models using chopstick props can improve learning outcomes. Increased learning outcomes for KD 3.1 amounted to 22.58% or reached 96.77% of students who were above the KKM. While for KD 4.1 the increase from cycle I to cycle II is 22.58% or reaches 93.55% of students are above the KKM.


This thesis deals with the colonisation of the university by market forces. The object of inquiry is coproduction of academic knowledge between academic and non-academic actors in newly established universities and university colleges in Sweden. The development of knowledge as a main competitive advantage for commercial companies, and the shift in policies accompanying this development, provides an explanation for the introduction of market mechanisms into the governance of university research. The main contribution of the thesis, however, is the analyses of three coproducing research centres – in service research, engineering and collaborative media – on the basis of epistemology, interpreted as different knowledge cultures. In most policy accounts knowledge is treated as homogeneous, which is problematic as it conceals differences in academic disciplines' relations to the object or phenomenon of inquiry. Such differences have bearing on publication patterns, prospects of generating academic credibility and possibilities to engage external partners in coproduction relationships. Importantly, this has an impact on the prospects of attracting various sources of funding that are of significance for newly established universities and university colleges with fewer fixed resources than the old universities. It is argued that not only are we witnessing a colonisation of the entire university by market forces, but also a colonisation of social science and humanities by science - scientific perspectives and work ways and the technical knowledge interest.


Human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)‐mediated formation of 4‐hydroxyestradiol (4‐OHE2) from 17β‐estradiol plays an important role in the progression of human breast cancer, while the biotransformation of 17β‐estradiol to 2‐hydroxyestradiol mediated by cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is considered as a less harmful pathway. In this study, inhibitory effects of flavonoids baicalein and oroxylin A, a metabolite of baicalein in human body, on CYP1A1 and 1B1 activities were investigated in vitro. The inhibition intensities of baicalein and oroxylin A towards CYP1B1 were greater than towards CYP1A1 with a mixed mechanism. In addition, oroxylin A showed a stronger inhibitory effect than baicalein towards the CYP1B1‐mediated 17β‐estradiol 4‐hydroxylation, with the IC50 values of 0.0146 and 2.27 μM, respectively. Docking studies elucidated that oroxylin A had a stronger binding affinity than baicalein for CYP1B1. In MCF‐7 cells, compared with baicalein‐treated groups, oroxylin A with lower doses decreased and increased the formation of 4‐OHE2 and 2‐hydroxyestradiol, respectively, with a preferential induction of mRNA of CYP1A1 over CYP1B1. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that oroxylin A showed a stronger inhibitory effect than baicalein on CYP1B1‐mediated 4‐OHE2 formation in MCF‐7 cells, providing crucial implications for their possibly preventive/therapeutic potential against breast cancer via inhibition of CYP1B1, particularly of oroxylin A.


In considering the hopeful rhetoric that pervades the "nothing but" psychopharmacological approaches to depression—a contemporary version of what William James calls medical materialism—this article argues that only a thorough-going pluralist account of hope is a hope worth wanting. Medical materialist hope is better conceptualized as a variation of optimism, which assumes a single universe that is already the best of all possible universes, and thereby only promotes optimization of the status quo, rather than encourage a wider undertaking of a variety of experiments in living. A pluralist hope, as opposed to optimism, cannot logically infer what the future will bring from a reigning scientific model of the brain. Rather, a pluralist hope is a passionate belief that a not-yet unimagined, and therefore indeterminate, future will meliorate current human ills should humans strenuously work toward achieving it.


The objective of the present article is to ponder the life story of the Purepecha Indian immigrant population who are confronted with processes and change and cultural continuity upon their arrival in the Township of Nezahualcoyotl, State of Mexico. This is an exploratory study and therefore does not lead to the creation of determinant conclusions. We base our study on Geertz' (2005) work on studying the processes of social significance and we incorporate Thompson (2006) in order to take a glimpse at the structures of power. Evidence shows that Indians design various strategies which put them in constant negotiation and resistance to conserve and assign new meaning to their Indian identity in the face of vulnerability, marginalization and social rejection to which they are subjected. We take up the cases of three Purepecha Indians living in Nezahualcoyotl, in order to develop the interpretation of changes and continuities of their identities based on a series of practices and strategies they have elaborated, both coercively and voluntarily.


A class of rapid algorithms for independent component analysis (ICA) is presented. This method utilizes multi-step past information with respect to an existing fixed-point style for increasing the non-Gaussianity. This can be viewed as the addition of a variable-size momentum term. The use of past information comes from the idea of surrogate optimization. There is little additional cost for either software design or runtime execution when past information is included. The speed of the algorithm is evaluated on both simulated and real-world data. The real-world data includes color images and electroencephalograms (EEGs), which are an important source of data on human-computer interactions. From these experiments, it is found that the method we present here, the RapidICA, performs quickly, especially for the demixing of super-Gaussian signals.


The present paper concerns some little-known facts of participation of the academician A. P. Aleksandrov (1903 – 1994) in operations in Vrangel's army, his capture and a sentence to shooting down after the capture of the Crimea by the Red Army in 1919 – 1920, as well as some technical details of his activity concerning the naval protection against magnetic mines in Sevastopol in 1941. The scheme of a test bench and a photo of a memorable sign dedicated to the events of 1941 is provided.


A Virtual Environment (VE) is a computer-generated setting in which a participant is presented with simulated conditions that can be controlled to varying degrees. These simulations serve several purposes, including research, entertainment, and training. VE technology has already been shown to have applications in immersion therapy for phobia patients (Harris, Kemmerling, and North, 2002), and may be a benefit in physical rehabilitation as well (Matsuoka, Allin, and Klatzky, 2002). Loomis, Blascovich, and Beall (1999) explore the use of VE technology for social psychology, as the control over VEs provides a solution to the difficulties in recreating real social interaction with a simulated audience. The primary benefit of using VEs in research is the degree of control over the environment that is afforded to the researchers. In theory, VEs should be able to bridge the gap between internal and external validity. While they can display an accurate representation of the real world, they are created and controlled by researchers, and so they effectively become a laboratory (Loomis et. al., 1999). VEs can vary across several dimensions, including participant control over the field-of-view and orientation, the ability to manipulate objects in a scene, the ability to change location in a scene, and the degree to which the displays used are immersive. A VE display is said to be completely immersive if all input to a given sense originates from the virtual simulation. For example, a head-mounted display (HMD) is visually immersive because it blocks all visual input from outside the VE and presents the participant with a display that is entirely controlled by the VE. In addition to immersion, VEs are capable of providing the participant with a subjective feeling of " presence, " or the sensation of being in one place or environment, even when one is physically situated 1 in another (Witmer and Singer, 1998). For VEs, the notion of presence refers to a displacement of a participant's self-perception from the real world to the computer-Often referred to as virtual reality (VR), most VEs are created using a combination of visual and auditory displays. There are two primary methods of presenting a virtual environment visually, each with benefits and shortcomings. A HMD-based virtual environment is created by placing a small screen in front of each eye. The screens are generally a part of a visor that is worn on the head resulting in a visual display that is completely immersive. …


In general dynamic scenes, blurring is the result of the motion of multiple objects, camera shaking or scene depth variations. As an inverse process, deblurring extracts a sharp video sequence from the information contained in one single blurry image—it is itself an ill-posed computer vision problem. To reconstruct these sharp frames, traditional methods aim to build several convolutional neural networks (CNN) to generate different frames, resulting in expensive computation. To vanquish this problem, an innovative framework which can generate several sharp frames based on one CNN model is proposed. The motion-based image is put into our framework and the spatio-temporal information is encoded via several convolutional and pooling layers, and the output of our model is several sharp frames. Moreover, a blurry image does not have one-to-one correspondence with any sharp video sequence, since different video sequences can create similar blurry images, so neither the traditional pixel2pixel nor perceptual loss is suitable for focusing on non-aligned data. To alleviate this problem and model the blurring process, a novel contiguous blurry loss function is proposed which focuses on measuring the loss of non-aligned data. Experimental results show that the proposed model combined with the contiguous blurry loss can generate sharp video sequences efficiently and perform better than state-of-the-art methods.


The transport of phenolic compounds through a compacted liner improved with organically modified bentonite (organoclay BB-40) was studied. Organoclay BB-40 is one of the manufactured products of Biomin International, Inc. and is modified with 40 lb of dicetyldimethylammonium per 100 lb of clay. The adsorption of phenolic compounds onto organoclay BB-40 is found to be significant, which could be attributed to the formation of hydrophobic bonding. The hydraulic conductivities of organoclay BB-40 are 1.98 × 10−7, 2.28 × 10−7 and 5.49 × 10−7 cm/sec for the phenol cell, 2-chlorophenol cell and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol cell, respectively. The experimental results of adsorption tests and hydraulic conductivity tests were input into the computer program " Pollute v9 " to simulate the transport of phenolic compounds through a compacted organoclay liner material. The simulation result was then compared with phenol transport through the conventional soil liner (90% silty sand and 10% natural clay mineral). It indicates that the retardation of the transport of phenolic compounds using organoclay as a liner material is more significant than using the conventional soil liner, particularly for higher hydrophobic organics.


Summary form only given. We wish to maximize the K-shell yield from high-atomic-number Z pinches (photon energy of ~1-8 keV) and to develop Z-pinch-based concepts for sources of higher-photon energy (~8 to 40 keV). To achieve these goals, large-diameter implosions are needed to: (a) produce the high specific energy required to excite K-shell line radiation from high-atomic-number Z pinches, (b) properly match the load to high-current (ges 10 MA) generators, and (c) develop continuum-radiator concepts that require ionizing beyond the optimum He/H-like state for K-shell emission. Large-initial-diameter implosions are also required for efficient coupling between the Z pinch and a generator with a long current rise-time (> 100 ns) and, thus, desirable lower voltage. The expected deleterious effects on final pinch formation associated with the increase in instability growth at larger diameter (e.g., Rayleigh-Taylor) can be mitigated by using an initial mass profile that is strongly peaked on axis. We review recent experiments with, and numerical simulations of, 12-cm initial diameter, argon gas-puff Z-pinch implosions. The experiments were carried out on the Decade Quad at implosion times of 230 to 250 ns and on Saturn at 200 to 215 ns. Both generators provide peak currents of about 6 MA. The argon K-shell yield was 80 kJ on DQ. On Saturn, we obtained 75 kJ of K-shell yield, roughly twice the maximum argon K-shell yield previously obtained there with a several-cm diam. nozzle at < 100 ns implosion times. Numerical simulations are in agreement with the measurements.


To counter the problem of surface oxidation defects in the process of batch annealing for the strip,after a number of field experiments and theoretical studies,we gave the main factors affecting the strip surface oxidation defects on the basis of analyzing the macro-features and micro-features of strip surface oxidation defects,and the conditions for defect formation were analyzed detaily.According to the actual equipment and process characteristics in the field,we had put forward the corresponding control measure,and applied it to the production practices,and achieved good results.


Marine seismic vibrators in a marine seismic vibrator array for use in a seismic survey are activated to produce a source gradient wavefield to survey a target structure. The seismic survey may comprise a marine seismic survey conducted in a body of water.


Spread-time code division multiple access (ST-CDMA) was proposed as an alternative CDMA scheme to spread spectrum (SS) (see Crespo, P.M. et al., Proc. IEEE Globecom, p.836-40, 1991; US Patents No. 5177768, 5175744, 5175743, 5173923; IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.43, no.6, p.2139-48, 1995). ST-CDMA can be considered as the time-frequency dual of SS-CDMA. In ST-CDMA, pseudorandom (PN) sequences are assigned to each user, and the Fourier transform of the transmitted pulse for a given user is determined by modulating the amplitude of the desired spectrum by the user's PN sequence. The main advantage of ST-CDMA is the flexibility with which power-limited pulses can be designed. We examine the effect of fading channels on the performance of spread-time. We compute the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio in two different fading channels both for ST-CDMA and SS-CDMA. We show that ST-CDMA has 2.1 dB better performance than SS-CDMA with a rectangular pulse chip.


During quenching of Al-Mo alloys from the liquid state, supersaturation of the solid solution with Mo continuously increases as a function of the superheating. At high cooling rates from the liquid state the equilibrium phase Al/sub 12/Mo is not formed. During quenching of the alloy from the two-phase region the compound Al/sub 5/Mo is formed and the formation of the compound Al/ sub 12/Mo is added. The quantity of the finely dispersed Al/sub 4/Mo phase decreases with increase of the quenching temperature and only the solid solution is observed at temperatures above 1100 deg C. (tr-auth)


A novel approach for the problem of in-situ and real time monitoring processes in thin film photoresists is presented. The approach is based on the fact that all the essential processing steps, such as softbaking, exposure, hardbaking, and development, can be monitored by the induced spectral modifications in the infrared spectrum of the resist film. The technique of fiber-optic-based evanescent field spectroscopy, is proposed as the method for measuring these spectral changes. The technique is demonstrated using a silver halide infrared transmitting optical fiber coated with thin photoresist film, as the sensing element, and a tunable lead salt diode laser, as the infrared monochromatic source. As an example, immense changes in the resist IR spectrum, induced by thermolysis, are measured. The advantages of using all-fiber technology for remote real time sensing is further discussed, and the possibility to monitor the resist film temperature and thickness, using the same silver halide fibers, is emphasized.


Our investigation focused on the morphology of Aulacodiscus species from the Russian sediment samples curated at the California Academy of Sciences, mostly from the localities of Kamishev, Carlovo, Ananino and Singelievsky. Our observations suggest that useful characters potentially defining infrageneric taxa include valve relief, shape and position of the external tubes of the rimoportulae, shape of the internal expression of the rimoportulae, shape and orientation of the internal rimoportula slit, structure of the areolae and vela and presence or absence of bullulae in the wall.


In the process of catch-up growth the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland have experienced a transition to the production of higher-quality goods. We incorporate this effect in a theoretical model of exchange rates and econometrically estimate its impact on equilibrium real exchange rates. We find support for our hypothesis that productivity increases in industry can be regarded as one source of the observed PPI-based real appreciation of the accession countries??? currencies. The productivity gains experienced during economic catch-up occur as higher-quality goods are produced and imply an increased export capacity as well as import substitution. To some extent real appreciation can therefore be viewed as an equilibrium phenomenon.


The present invention discloses a transmission (21,330) and assembly method, comprising an input shaft (15) and the output shaft (14, 16), a mode clutch (30), the mode switching means (56,380,480), a planet a gear assembly (20), the gear changing mechanism (50,360,460) and a synchronization device (40, 340), the clutch mode for switching between two-wheel drive mode and the four wheel drive mode, the planetary gear assembly for providing a different gear ratio between the input shaft (15) and the output shaft (14), which is used to synchronize the driving mode between the low range and high range drive mode before switching of the speed synchronization. A fixed ring gear (24) can be connected to a planetary gear assembly (20) during high gear and a low gear drive mode drive mode. Mode switching means (56) and the gear shifting mechanism (50) is rotated by a reversible actuating gear (348,448) electromechanically actuated by a reversible rotation of the actuating gear is inserted in a scalable clutch actuator (388 between, 488) and a rotatable cylindrical cam (359,459).


As a dramatist,Zhu Quan who used to be a famous seignior in the Ming Dynasty became a hermit restricted in a state.His life experience revealed some religious wisdom.Taoism not only affected the life road of Zhu Quan,but also permeated his work on dramas.Zhuo Wenjun`s Elopement with Sima Xiangru on one hand utilized religious wisdom to decorate itself.On the other hand,it also had some understandings about fate and opportunities."Chong Mozi`s Walking into Paradise" was based on Zhu Quan`s own life on monasticism in his later year.Its characters,plots,words and dramatic circumstances were influenced by Taoist culture."Harmonious Music Score" was also marked by Daoism culture on its appraisal dimension,the system construction and the aesthetic thinking.


Over the last two decades more companies expanded their business internationally. Key factor to successful global decision making is marketing information. International companies find it essential to know how to do research abroad and how to do it most cost effectively. Although this knowledge is crucial to international companies there is a general lack of cross-national research on survey methodology. Only cross-national comparisons of survey methodology detect differences and similarities in patterns of survey methods and offer insight into the standardization versus adaptation debate. Globalization of markets suggests that survey methodology moves toward greater similarity (standardization), which is more cost effective. However, cross-national differences prompt an adaptation strategy to avoid losses caused by inappropriate strategies. This thesis represents a comparison of survey methodology in the US and Europe. The main goal is to detect differences in survey methodology between the two markets. The review of literature suggests differences between the ,US and Europe with regard to factors that influence the utilization of a survey method. Important issues are the costs of conducting a survey, the access and acceptance of survey media, the availability of mailing lists, and the debate over the differentiation of telemarketing and telephone research. Primary studies of US, UK and German journals were classified through a content analysis. The statistical analysis resulted in significant differences in the utilization of personal interviews and mail surveys in the US and in Europe. No significant difference was found for the use of telephone surveys. Furthermore, differences between European countries were tested and resulted in significant differences. Results are discussed and interpreted with regard to cross-national differences.


The end goal of any long term national development plan has always been geared towards improving the people's general standard of living. Development is both a physical reality and a state of mind in which society has, through some combination of social, economic and institutional processes, secured the means for obtaining a better life (Todaro 1989). Whatever the specific components of this better life may be, development in all societies must have at least the following three objectives: 1. To increase the availability and widen the distribution of basic life-sustaining goods such as food, clothing, shelter, health and protection. 2. To raise levels of living including, in addition to higher incomes, the provision of more jobs, better education and greater attention to cultural and humanistic values, all of which will serve not only to enhance material well being but also to generate greater individual and national self- esteem; and 3. To expand the range of economic and social choices available to individuals and nations by freeing them from servitude and dependence not only in relation to other people and nation states but also to the forces of ignorance and human misery. (Todaro 1989.)


This book provides studies of narratives concerning the distant, 'barbarian' past, composed c.550–c.1000, ranging from Latin 'national' histories to Latin and vernacular epics and lays, and examines the place of this past in early medieval historical consciousness.


for Future Public Health Emergencies As it prepares for the next potential public health emergency, the FDA collaborated with other federal agencies to develop a list of essential medicines, medical countermeasures, and pharmaceutical ingredients considered necessary to protect the public from infectious diseases and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats. The agencies developed the list in response to an August executive order intended to maintain supplies and minimize shortages of essential medical products and to ensure sufficient domestic supply chains to meet national security requirements. The list includes 223 drugs and biological products including antiviral and antibiotic medications; anthrax, cholera, smallpox, influenza, and typhoid vaccines; the nerve agent antidote atropine; and monoclonal antibodies used to treat inhalational anthrax. In addition, 96 medical countermeasures are on the list. They include devices such as ventilators, dialyzers, catheters, infusion pumps, various nucleic acid assays, and hypodermic needles. The medical countermeasures list also includes surgical masks and respirators as well as protective gowns and gloves, which have been in short supply during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. FDA officials will also work with other federal agencies to develop ways of accelerating domestic manufacturing of these products and addressing supply chain vulnerabilities. Innovative technologies such as advanced manufacturing could enable US-based pharmaceutical manufacturers to be more competitive with companies in other countries and ensure a stable supply of necessary medical products, agency officials said. Examples of advanced manufacturing technologies include 3-dimensional printing and continuous manufacturing, which integrates several processing steps into a single system that allows drugmakers to easily control supplies to match demand. Advanced domestic manufacturing could play a role in developing a more robust recombinant vaccine production process to increase yield while reducing cost, according to the FDA.


Researches on clay/polyolefin nanocomposites have been reviewed. Both the thermo-dynamic and kinetic analyses for the formation process of clay/polyolefin nanocomposites are elucidated. The preparation and characterization of the structures and properties of clay/PE, clay/PP nanocomposites are elaborated with emphasis on the in situ polymerization intercalation compounding.


This paper suggests that the existing practice of deploying United States Marine Core (USMC) units from Marine Corps Prepositioning Program-Norway (MCPP-N) facilities in Trøndelag to other parts of Norway during crisis and war needs to be rethought. The operationaland tactical-level threats in this area are changing rapidly, and there is a high level of risk inherent in existing practice. We propose a concept based on the use of parts of the Norwegian offshore fleet for both operational and tactical transport and supply of the USMC.


Rapacuronium (RAPA) may be the competitive neuromuscular blocking agent that we have been seeking as a clear alternative to succinylcholine (SCh) for


We study the Dirac sea in the presence of external chiral and scalar/pseudoscalar potentials. In preparation, a method is developed for calculating the advanced and retarded Green's functions in an expansion around the light cone. For this, we first expand all Feynman diagrams and then explicitly sum up the perturbation series. The light-cone expansion expresses the Green's functions as an infinite sum of line integrals over the external potential and its partial derivatives. The Dirac sea is decomposed into a causal and a noncausal contribution. The causal contribution has a light-cone expansion which is closely related to the light-cone expansion of the Green's functions; it describes the singular behavior of the Dirac sea in terms of nested line integrals along the light cone. The noncausal contribution, on the other hand, is, to every order in perturbation theory, a smooth function in position space.


A CASE of hyperostosis affecting the nasal cavity is presented. The pathological classification of this and associated conditions remains obscure, especially as regards terminology ; butjncreased bone formation may be attributable to : i. Functional or compensatory overgrowth. 2. Nutritional disturbances, e.g. endocrine dysfunction. 3. Chronic infections leading to formative osteitis. In the chronic infectious type there is a formation of cancellous bone filled with fibrous tissue. The proportions of the two components may vary, and the size of the lesion may vary in size from a localized circumscribed lesion (e.g. osteoma) to a spreading diffuse condition (creeping periostitis). J11 many cases the evidence of infection is slight and a toxic process is presumed. G.M., aged 35, is a printer, and, until he reached the age of 30, an amateur boxer. He first attended the Department in September 1948 with a history of several years of jiasal obstruction ; and, of late, severe frontal headaches. Previous health had been good, and no history of endocrine disturbance was obtained. On examination, the throat and ears were found to be normal, but the nasal airways were narrow, the septum being deviated to the left and causing obstruction. The inferior turbinates were enlarged. Submucous resection of the septum was carried out in February ig4g. One month later the patient reported back with no change in his symptoms. It was noted then that the left inferior turbinate was still obstructing the nostril. He was accordingly put on the waiting list for its reduction. This operation was attempted in June 1950, but could only be completed by vigorous and prolonged use of a hammer and gouge. The left middle turbinate was similarly affected. The pathological report onthe bone removed described it as consisting of " trabeculae of bone of widely varying thickness and irregular architecture with wide intertrabecular spaces occupied by cellular fibrous tissue. The appearances are consistent with a diagnosis of spongy osteoma." Specimens of serum phosphatase, calcium and potassium were normal. X-rays of the skull (Figs. 1 and 2) and sinuses (Fig. 3) show a mass of new bone of homogeneous density in the region of the body of the sphenoid, mainly on the left side. It projects into the cranial cavity, invades the left sphenoidal sinus and extends across the anterior cranial fossa to affect the squamous portion of the left frontal sinus. The pituitary fossa is normal. The left inferior turbinate is enlarged and similarly affected. (From the findings at


Saddang Watershed (DAS) as a large watershed in Sulawesi, rich in natural resource potential in the form of land, topography, slope, geology, soil, vegetation, climatology; rainfall, temperature, humidity, and sunshine. In maintaining and utilizing (watershed management) availability and water requirements for; humans, plants and animals. The availability and demand of water in watershed management requires the role of land in regulating agroclimatology and hydrology conditions. The water balance approach method used is SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) method of soil and water assessment tools, to determine the condition of availability and demand of water in an effort to maintain water flow conditions at all times (number and distribution) of Bendung Benteng irrigation system, which is capable of supply water for paddy field irrigation in two regencies of South Sulawesi's paddy granaries namely Pinrang Regency and Sidrap Regency. According to the Schmidth-Fergusson climate classification, the type of climate in Saddang watershed area belongs to type C climate = slightly wet area with tropical rainforest vegetation, the average amount of rainfall ranges from 2.155 mm/year. This indicates that there is large level of rainfall every year and land use with a forest area of 676,39 or 26,41% of the watershed area, thus Saddang watershed is able to save tremendous amount of water supply. Based on the results of the water balance analysis using SWAT method, the amount of water available in the average watershed ; 3.133 mm year-1, the amount of water being flowed ; 1.040,9 mm, and stored as ground water ; 29,60 mm, as well as direct runoff ; 366,9 mm and flow coefficient of 0,45. Hence, there is 45% of the flow loss as surface stream and there is 55% of the flow stored in the watershed, and the model application is categorized as good both in conducting simulations and validating the flow discharge on Saddang River. Watershed processing classified as having good watershed conditions, because one indicator of a watershed's water performance can be seen from the river discharge fluctuation. River discharge fluctuations can be seen from the river regression coefficient (KRS), which is a number that shows ratio between maximum discharge (Qmax) and minimum discharge (Qmin). The highest discharge (Qmax) was 30.805 m³/sec while the lowest discharge (Qmin) was 994 m³/sec. The regression coefficient value (KRS) of Saddang River watershed was 26.650 m³/sec. Based on the results of the 2017 data analysis, the condition of Saddang watershed provides surplus value of 1.911.986 (m3 year-1), out of the total water availability of 2.155.273 (m3 year-1) minus the total irrigation water requirement of 243.286,50 m3 year-1, with the pattern of planting paddy-paddy-secondary crops (palawija). Therefore, Saddang watershed has the ability to store large amounts of water throughout the year


Carnet occurs as an accesory phase mainly in the aplitlc facies of the Ponferrada Pluton (BoatLos Ancares Belt) (LeDuc, 1970; Su&rez, 1970). Three different types of garnet have been recognized on the basis of their morphology and textural relationships. Electron micropobe analyses reveal several zonation patterns mainly defined by the variation of Mn and Fe contents. The study of chemical zonation in garnet also proved to be useful in timing the growth of garnet with respect to quartz


Future adaptable applications require electro-mechanical actuators with a high weight-related energy. Among modern multi-functional materials carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have some special characteristics which give them the potential to solve this demand. On the one hand raw CNTs have excellent mechanical properties like their low density (1330kg/m3) and very high estimated stiffness of about 1TPa. On the other hand CNTs have the ability under presence of ions, wired like a capacitor and activated by a charge injection to perform a dimensionchange (length of C-C bondings). Calculations and experiments present achievable active strains of 1% at low voltage of ±1V what qualifies CNT-based materials for leightweight powerful actuators. In this paper the former work done with actuators using CNT-containing mats and Nafion as solid electrolyte is evaluated by analyzing the two main-components in more detail. On the one hand the CNT-based modelmaterial SWCNT-mats called Bucky-paper (BP) and on the other hand ion donating electrolytes in liquid-phase like a NaCl-solution and its solid equivalent Nafion as thin-foils are tested. Additional methods of fabrication, preparation and characterization of the CNT-powder and the manufactured BPs containing randomly oriented single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are presented which provide a deeper system-understanding. Both materials (BPs and Nafion-foils) are intensively investigated in different deflection-test-rigs due to their structural assembly. This paper presents a method for electro-mechanical measurements of BPs in an in-plain test set-up which avoids sensing secondary effects like thermal expansion or mass-transport and confirm that BP-deflection should only be a capacity-driven effect. Nafion as solid electrolyte will be tested in an out-of-plane facility to measure its possible actuation within the lamellar-direction. With this approach the dependencies of each component and their individual characters on the deflection can be estimated. The active response can be referred to the internal structure of both components as well as of the whole structural assembly. The results give a certain direction to a BP-optimization referring to active strain, density, structural integrity and conductibility. In addition to these facts the active character of BPs using CNTs of different suppliers and Nafion is analyzed. These investigations are of particular importance for detection of global dependencies and using both materials in a hybrid-assembly like solid actuators which are needed for structural applications.


The atomic structure of the interface between Ge and SiO/sub 2/ - fabricated by oxidation of Ge-implanted Si - was studied using a combination of density-functional and kinetic-Monte Carlo simulations with atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy with an experimental resolution close to the quantum-mechanical limit. The combination of experimental and theoretical results is consistent with the model of an atomically abrupt Ge/SiO/sub 2/ interface with probably small fractions of Ge in the oxide.


Objective Using self made bag in box system to observe the feasibility, sensitivity, reproducibility, and safety of on line measurement of the rabbit′s functional residual capacity (FRC) during conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). Method The bag in box system is designed by using closed circuit rebreathing helium dilution technique to measure FRC during CMV. Ten healthy rabbits were randomly allocated into two groups: health and acute lung injury (ALI) group, 5 rabbits for each. After anesthetized and per oral endotracheal intubation with ligation around the tracheal tube, CMV started. ALI was induced by infusing oleic acid intravenously. Sixty ml of gases (0 1 of He, 0 3 of O 2 and 0 6 of N 2) was filled into the bag each time. (1) Different rebreathing times were applied for the rabbits to rebreath gases from the bag. By measuring helium concentration in the bag, the rebreathing times needed for helium equilibration were determined. (2) By using the same method to measure FRC, the positive end expiratory pressure ( PEEP ) was changed. PEEP was elevated by 2 and 4 cmH 2O, and then decreased by 2 and 4 cmH 2O in healthy group; and elevated 2 cmH 2O then decreased 2 cmH 2O in ALI group. The measurement was made in triplicate, at each PEEP level. During the experiment, invasive blood pressure and heart rate were monitored. The oxygen concentration in rebreathing bag and arterial blood gases were analyzed. Results It showed that helium reached equilibration between rebreathing bag and rabbit′s lung after rebreathing 25 30 times (about 37 45 s) in health group, and 20 25 times (about 30 37 s) in ALI group. The coefficient of variation did not exceed 0 07 in each PEEP level. The FRC correlated positively with PEEP in two groups ( r=0 78, P 0 05). The rebreathing process did not influence the rabbit′s blood pressure, heart rate and arterial blood gases except that PaCO 2 increased 15 mmHg in CMV health group ( P 0 05).Conclusion It is available using self made bag in box system to measure FRC without interrupting CMV in healthy and ALI rabbits induced by oleic acid. The system showed good reproducibility, sensitivity and safety.


The Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor, shows neither cytologically distinguishable sex chromosomes nor temperature dependent sex determination. However, previous studies on the administration of androgens to embryos during early development have shown reversal towards male sex. We have cloned and sequenced a cDNA fragment of the androgen receptor (AR) gene (CvAR) and characterized its expression. CvAR shares much homology with AR gene of other vertebrates at the nucleotide and amino acid levels indicating their evolutionary conservation. Whole mount RNA in situ hybridization (WRISH) and semiquantitative RT-PCR analyses of its expression in the genital ridge of individual embryos from different ndrogen receptor (AR) ex determination


OBJECTIVE: To provide some suggestions for the development of Guangzhou drug retail market. METHODS: Questionnaire study was adopted to survey the situation of mono-drugstore and chain drugstore in Guangzhou in respect of amount, proportion of chain drugstore, scale, annual consumption sum, quality of medical staff, etc. 143 valid questionnaires (173 questionnaires being sent out) were analyzed statistically to find out problems and put forward suggestion. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS: Up to March 2010, there are 6 021 drugstores in Guangzhou, and the proportion of chain drugstores is 37.6%. The consumption sum of drugstores in 2009 is 4 billion and the highest annual consumption sum of chain drugstores is 200~300 million. No drugstore took up 10% of Guangzhou drug retail market. Serious shortage of licensed pharmacists and low quality of pharmacists existed. It is suggested to develop drugstores towards large-scale, scale and chain form, improve consumption of OTC, strengthen pharmacy personnel training, and to conduct differential operation.


The grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) is a sub-tropical plant and an important citrus fruit known for its sour fruit. Its flesh is juicy, soft in texture and provides vitamin C, minerals and antioxidants. Grapefruit juice is consumed widely in today's health conscious world as a protector against cardiovascular diseases and cancers. It has however, been found to be an inhibitor of the intestinal cytochrome P 450 3A4 system, which is responsible for the first pass metabolism of many drugs (Kiani and Imam, 2007) and also reduces atherosclerotic plaque formation (Cerda et al., 1994).


The problems which are faced by Garuda's Flight Company are the competitive of Garuda'sservices, under the industry standard of service quality, the low productivity of employee, andthe weak of information management. Moreover, the load factor, on time performing and operationalincome does not meet the target. The respondents are 150 persons and the samplingbased on the hair sample measures. The sampling method is random sampling, namely thatonly people who are chosen by the researcher will become respondent, not all people, andQuestioner is used as a method of collecting data. Method of data analyses used structuralequation modal program which is operated through AMOS Program. The outcome researchshow the following estimation parameter between reliance and service quality produce hassignificant influence. concern and service quality has significant influence, guarantee andservice quality has significant influence. empathy and service quality has significant influence,substances and service quality has significant influence. The last estimation of parameterbetween service quality and satisfaction product is also significant influence, in where hisresult also shows that hypothesis is acceptable. Based on the outcome research above, suggestionswill be given are: The Company has to keep accuracy both departing and arrivingtime, in addition, it should respond all complains from consumer, the rest, it ought to keep agood image on consumer.Keywords : Marketing, Service Quality, Satisfaction, Consumer


Hemoglobin K Kaohsiung has been found, during our population survey in Taiwan, in nine unrelated Chinese subjects with provincial origins from several parts of Mainland China and Taiwan. It also was seen in four relatives of the nine subjects. Present chemical structure studies indicate that it has the same structural anomaly as that previously reported in a variant found in members of a Cantonese Chinese family in New York. That variant, called Hemoglobin New York, has the structural change, β113 Valine→Glutamic acid. Preliminary evaluation suggests that this hemoglobin is one of the most common variants in Chinese population groups although it frequently may be undetected by the usual electrophoretic screening procedures. All of the subjects detected thus far were heterozygotes with nearly equal amounts of Hemoglobin Ao and K Kaohsiung. Hemoglobin K Kaohsiung exhibits slightly reduced heat stability compared with that of Hemoglobin Ao; however, its presence in the heterozygote apparently causes no more than mild anemia.


Hijacks, outages, route leaks, and AS path spoofing are cases where network operators may want to influence the way routes are accepted and propagated from BGP neighbors in ways not supported by traditional BGP speakers. In this paper, we introduce Bongo, a software-based BGP speaker than can selectively filter out or extend the path of BGP updates received from other peers based on arbitrary operator-defined policies. Additionally, we show how the modularity of this system makes it easy to integrate with existing routers as well as other network devices such as OpenFlow switches or firewalls.


The present work deals with the preparation of ceramic composites that can be employed for the development of load bearing bone implants in total knee and hip replacement. Zirconia (ZrO2) is a bio-inert, strong, and resistant ceramic, while titania (TiO2) is bioactive but is believed to have poor mechanical properties. It is expected that yttria stabilized ZrO2-TiO2 ceramic composites incorporate the desirable properties of both ceramics, so that this composite would exhibit better in-vivo biological properties. The composites of Ti-ZrO2 (0.2 mass fraction) stabilised with 3 mol% yttria with different particle size were prepared using powder metallurgy. The obtained powders were then sintered at 1300 °C for 1 hr in normal atmosphere subsequent to dry pressing at 130MPa. Sintering led to the oxidation of titanium into titanium oxide(titania).Phase characterization was analyzed by XRD, morphological features were assessed by SEM, hardness was measured by micro-hardness tester and MTT assay was used for the measurement of cell viability in vitro to understand the compatibility of implant in body environment.


Bhatt and Quinn (2011) present a compelling case that human learning is early in two very different, but interacting, senses. Learning is developmentally early in that even infants show strikingly robust adaptation to the structures present in their world. Learning is also early in an information processing sense because infants' adapt their perceptual encodings and organizations at an early stage of neural processing. Both senses of ''early'' speak to the importance of learning because they imply that learners are adapting their representations of their environment in a way that affects all ''down-stream'' processing. Developmentally speaking, the learning that an infant enacts serves as the groundwork for all subsequent learning. In terms of information processing, adapting early-stage sensory and perceptual processes in turn affects all subsequent cognitive processes. There is evidence from neuroscience that interactions with an environment do cause early changes to primary


Strongly underwound magnetic field is observed to be correlated with the occurrence of co‐rotating rarefaction regions (CRRs). We demonstrate that the phenomenon is likely caused by the combined action of (1) the motion of footpoints of open magnetic field lines on the Sun from within to outside coronal hole boundaries; and (2) the effect of solar wind shearing in rarefaction regions. We provide formulas that may be used to relate the observed underwinding of magnetic field lines in CRRs to infer the velocities of footpoints through coronal hole boundaries. The observations of strong field underwinding in CRRs generally confirms the hypothesis that the footpoints of open magnetic field lines move on the Sun through coronal holes, the sources of fast solar wind.


A step by step solution of fields in the air and resistive soil for a single-conductor line is presented. Expression for the total line series impedance is derived. Fourier transform technique is applied to provide solution in a generalized integral form. Numerical method is suggested and a suitable computer programming is appended. The single-conductor line solution is extended to multiconductor system above earth with arbitrary dielectric constant and permeability. Various methods developed by other authors are reviewed.


Immunological abnormalities observed in male BXSB mice at the onset of lupus nephritis were examined. For this purpose, 60 male and 28 female BXSB mice were examined at the age of 13 weeks. Male mice showed higher values in all the parameters tested, though big variation was observed in each parameter. Correlation studies among each parameter in male mice showed that degree of the deposition of IC in the glomeruli was very closely associated with the level of circulating immune complexes (IC) and also the number of IgG-producing cells (IgGPC) but not with that of IgMPC. No significant correlation was observed between the level of IgG anti-DNA antibodies and that of IC, nor the number of IgGPC. These results convincingly indicate the relevance of enhanced IgG production in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.


Article info: Article history Received: 13/07/2020 Accepted: 00/00/0000 Revised : 30/10/2021 Online : 00/00/0000 Key wards : Drag coefficient, Pressure coefficient, Turbulence model, Computational Fluid Dynamics, bluff body, Friction coefficient * Corresponding author : email@example.com Abstract Numerical analysis of Drag coefficient of three-dimensional bluff bodies such as flat plates, cylinder, triangular prism, semicircular profiles located in the flow path of the pipe was performed. Bluff bodies of various lengths are analysed using a turbulence model. The effect of bluff body thickness on drag coefficient was analysed. A significant observation of the study is, reduction in drag coefficient with increase in thickness. Effect of pressure coefficient, on drag coefficient was evaluated. The study confirms that frictional coefficient has negligible effect on drag coefficient in the studied Reynolds number range. Change in drag coefficient over a wide range of Reynolds number was studied and is reported. Irrespective of geometry and length, the study indicates that there is a significant difference in drag coefficient between two dimensional and three dimensional simulation studies. It is also brought out that for a bluff body, in a confined domain; its length has a significant effect on its drag coefficient.


Summary In our previous work [7] we prove that the set of prime numbers is diophantine using the 26-variable polynomial proposed in [4]. In this paper, we focus on the reduction of the number of variables to 10 and it is the smallest variables number known today [5], [10]. Using the Mizar [3], [2] system, we formalize the first step in this direction by proving Theorem 1 [5] formulated as follows: Let k ∈ ℕ. Then k is prime if and only if there exists f, i, j, m, u ∈ ℕ+, r, s, t ∈ ℕ unknowns such that DFI is square   ∧ (M2-1)S2+1  is  square  ∧((MU)2-1)T2+1  is  square∧(4f2-1)(r-mSTU)2+4u2S2T2<8fuST(r-mSTU)FL|(H-C)Z+F(f+1)Q+F(k+1)((W2-1)Su-W2u2+1) \matrix{ {DFI\,is\,square\,\,\,{\Lambda}\,\left( {{M^2} - 1} \right){S^2} + 1\,\,is\,\,square\,\,{\Lambda}} \hfill \cr {\left( {{{\left( {MU} \right)}^2} - 1} \right){T^2} + 1\,\,is\,\,square{\Lambda}} \hfill \cr {\left( {4{f^2} - 1} \right){{\left( {r - mSTU} \right)}^2} + 4{u^2}{S^2}{T^2} < 8fuST\left( {r - mSTU} \right)} \hfill \cr {FL|\left( {H - C} \right)Z + F\left( {f + 1} \right)Q + F\left( {k + 1} \right)\left( {\left( {{W^2} - 1} \right)Su - {W^2}{u^2} + 1} \right)} \hfill \cr } where auxiliary variables A − I, L, M, S − W, Q ∈ ℤ are simply abbreviations defined as follows W = 100fk(k + 1), U = 100u3W 3 + 1, M = 100mUW + 1, S = (M −1)s+k+1, T = (MU −1)t+W −k+1, Q = 2MW −W 2−1, L = (k+1)Q, A = M(U +1), B = W +1, C = r +W +1, D = (A2 −1)C2 +1, E = 2iC2LD, F = (A2 −1)E2 +1, G = A+F (F −A), H = B+2(j −1)C, I = (G2 −1)H2 +1. It is easily see that (0.1) uses 8 unknowns explicitly along with five implicit one for each diophantine relationship: is square, inequality, and divisibility. Together with k this gives a total of 14 variables. This work has been partially presented in [8].


Several commercially available plastic containers of polycarbonate, polypropylene-copolymer, polypropylene-20% talcum, polypropylene random and styrene-acrylonitrile designed for heating food in microwave ovens were studied. The analytical procedure based on a purge & trap (P&T) GC-MS was optimized. It consisted of heating the materials at 100°C in a P&T system coupled in line with GC-MS equipment. The compounds released from the materials were then identified through their mass spectra. Variables such as the time of purge using helium as the carrier gas in the system, sample temperature, the type of solid trap, the desorption temperature and the time as well as chromatographic separation of all the compounds released from the plastic were optimized. Compounds such as methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, 1-octene, xylene, styrene and 1,4-dichlorobenzene were found in all the containers. Quantitative analysis and potential migrations are reported and discussed.


Although efforts have been made on discovering and searching API usage patterns, how to categorize and recommend follow-up API usage patterns is still largely unexplored. This paper advances the state-of-the-art by proposing two methods for categorizing and recommending API usage patterns: first, categories of the usage patterns are automatically identified based on a proposed degree centrality-based clustering algorithm, and second, follow-up usage patterns of an adopted pattern are recommended based on a proposed metric of measuring distances between patterns. In the experimental evaluations, the patterns categorization can achieve 85.4% precision rate with 83% recall rate. The patterns recommendation had approximately half a chance of correctly predicting the follow-up patterns that were actually used by the programmers.


This paper reports the results of a balloon flight of the Solar Disk Sextant (SDS) on 1992 September 30. This was the first flight in which the SDS used a wedge assembly fabricated by molecular contact in order to eliminate the wedge angle variations observed in previous flights. The instrument performed as designed. The main results obtained are values of the solar diameter for a number of discrete heliocentric latitudes, and the solar oblateness. The accuracy of the diameter values is better than 0.2 sec whereas the precision is approximately 1-2 mas. The equatorial solar diameter, at 1 AU, was 1919.06 sec +/- 0.12 sec, and the oblateness epsilon = 8.63 +/- 0.88 x 10(exp -6).


This paper explores the possibility and plausibility of developing a hybrid simulation method combining agent-based (AB) and system dynamics (SD) modeling to address the case study of produced water management (PWM). In southeastern New Mexico, the oil and gas industry generates large volumes of produced water, while at the same time, freshwater resources are scarce. Single-method models are unable to capture the dynamic impacts of PWM on the water budget at both the local and regional levels, hence the need for a more complex hybrid approach. We used the literature, information characterizing produced water in New Mexico, and our preliminary interviews with subject matter experts to develop this framework. We then conducted a systematic literature review to summarize state-of-the-art of hybrid modeling methodologies and techniques. Our research revealed that there is a small but growing volume of hybrid modeling research that could provide some foundational support for modelers interested in hybrid modeling approaches for complex natural resource management issues. We categorized these efforts into four classes based on their approaches to hybrid modeling. It appears that, among these classes, PWM requires the most sophisticated approach, indicating that PWM modelers will need to face serious challenges and break new ground in this realm.


Using data from the HAWC gamma-ray Telescope, we have studied a sample of 37 millisecond pulsars (MSPs), selected for their spindown power and proximity. From among these MSP, we have identified four which favor the presence of very high-energy gamma-ray emission at a level of (2∆ lnL) ≥ 2.5. Adopting a correlation between the spindown power and gamma-ray luminosity of each pulsar, we performed a stacked likelihood analysis of these 37 MSPs, finding that the data supports the conclusion that these sources emit very high-energy gamma-rays at a level of (2∆ lnL) = 4.24. Among sets of randomly selected sky locations within HAWC's field-of-view, less than 1% of such realizations yielded such high statistical significance. Our analysis suggests that MSPs produce very high-energy gamma-ray emission with a similar efficiency to that observed from the Geminga TeV-halo, ηMSP = (0.39− 1.08)× ηGeminga. This conclusion poses a significant challenge for pulsar interpretations of the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess, as it suggests that any population of MSPs potentially capable of producing the GeV excess would also produce TeV-scale emission in excess of that observed by HESS from this region. Future observations by CTA will be able to substantially clarify this situation.


This paper introduced the hardware structure of a GDM12232E of a sketch LCD manifestation module,presented basic design concept and key process of Chinese characters manifestation and the sketch manifestation by making use of MCU controlled order and sketch LCD module,showing the value of engineering application and reference.


Zhong-yong thinking is a code of conduct of the Chinese people. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among Zhong-yong thinking, social capital, knowledge sharing behavior, and employee survival ability.,Zhong-yong thinking including multi-thinking, integration and harmony, taking a case study of private enterprise in Guangxi of China. Based on the literature, the establishment of the theoretical model and hierarchical regression analysis are explored.,The multi-thinking, integration and harmony of Zhong-yong thinking have a significant positive effect on social capital and employee survival ability. In addition, employee survival ability is positively affected by social capital. Moreover, knowledge sharing behavior has a positive moderating between the multi-thinking dimension of Zhong-yong thinking and social capital, and the remaining dimensions have no moderating effect. Knowledge sharing behavior has no moderating effect on the relationship between social capital and employee survival ability.,Zhong-yong thinking and social capital are actively affecting employee survival ability. Therefore, companies need to work harder to improve their employees' Zhong-yong thinking and social capital.,The paper extends Zhong-yong thinking, social capital and employee survival ability literature to fill gaps in how China people require to both access employee survival ability. The policy value of the work is in suggesting ways to facilitate employee survival ability of China.


A variety of clinical research and industrial applications involve the quantitative analysis of images from the optical microscope. Digital image analysis techniques are used to measure the size, shape, density, texture and number of objects in an image. The PSICOM 327 digital imaging system is useful for a variety of quantitative image analysis applications. This paper describes the system and some of the applications for which it is suited.


We will discuss recent trends and short term projections of household and family composition [in France]. The situation of the elderly will be dealt with in the second section and social security costs will be addressed in the third section of this paper. (EXCERPT)


Women's work in public services in early modern towns in Holland, 1500-1800 This article analyses the influence of professionalization and the broader process of bureaucratization on female labour participation in the public service sector in early modern towns in Holland. Contrary to what is suggested in literature, women could be found in a broad range of public offices and developments in the sector did not lead to the exclusion of women in the course of the early modern period. Women occupied mainly jobs in the lowest ranges of the sector and performed work which was barely affected by professionalization. The strong gender division of labour furthermore prevented the exclusion of women. Instead, specialization and diversification of tasks resulted in a broadening of work opportunities, not only for men, but for women as well.


INTRODUCTION: India leads the world with largest number of diabetic subjects and this is expected to further rise in coming years. Diabetic nephropathy affects 20-30% of patients with diabetes. It presents in its earliest stage with low levels of albumin in the urine (micro-albuminuria). The determination of micro-albuminuria in diabetes mellitus is important as it is the earliest indication of diabetic nephropathy. When left untreated, it will eventually lead to end stage renal disease (ESRD). OBJECTIVE: To detect the onset of albuminuria among diabetic patients and the effect of hyperglycemia in causing this condition at an early stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred clinically diagnosed cases of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were selected for the study, from Feb-2014 to May-2014 (4 months). Criteria for the diagnosis of DM were of patients having fasting blood glucose levels more than 126 mg/dl. Micro-albuminuria is defined when urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in 24-hr urine or short time collected urine during the day time is in the range of 30-300 mg/24-hrs. If excretion is less than 20 μgm/min, the patient is considered to have normo-albuminuria, and if excretion is higher than 200 μgm/min, he is considered to have macro-albuminuria or clinical proteinuria. The data for biochemical analysis are expressed as means±S.E.M. OBSERVATION: In our study 35% of the total patients developed albuminuria, while 65% were free from it. 10% patients developed micro-albuminuria who was less than 50 yrs, while it was seen in 15% patients having age more than 50 yrs. Our study shows that only 5% patients developed macro-albuminuria. Glycosylated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose was significantly raised among all these patients. Conclusion: Considering the tremendous increase in the number of diabetic patients in India and health budgets of our country, an early detection and good control of diabetes to reduce the burden of diabetic kidney disease is necessary.


Aiming at the defect of high complexity of traditional WebGIS development,the paucity of interactive experience,poor scalability,low operating efficiency a Silverlight technology-based plug-the GIS Server architecture design is proposed.Comparing the RIA/Silverlight technology and flex technology,it proposes a plug-GIS Server architecture model based on Silverlight technology.Then the realization of plug-in technology is elaborated.Finally,Fuxin City tourism geographic information system development is taken as an example to verify the feasibility of this architecture.


Objective To explore the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and its related factors among the family caregivers of the disabled elderly. Methods A cross-sectional survey based on convenience sampling was conducted among family caregivers between November and December, 2013 in Dongcheng district in Beijing. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and the Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS) were used to evaluate caregivers' anxious symptoms and social support status respectively. The degree of functional impairment of the elderly was measured by Barthel index. Results A total of 243 family caregivers took part in the study including 88 males and 155 females. The average age of the family caregivers was(60 ± 1.7) years old, ranging from 25 to 85. The prevalence rate of anxiety was 29.2% reported by family caregivers. The average score of SAS was 35.6 ± 8.6. The risk factors of caregivers' anxiety included Barthel index score ≤ 20(OR=1.51), SSRS score ≤ 33(OR=4.56), no time to relax(OR=1.57) and poor health status caregivers feeling(OR=3.48). Conclusions A relative high level of anxiety exists in family caregivers for the disabled elderly. Caregiver anxiety is a complex process, influenced by diverse care receiver and caregiver characteristics.


Sensor localization is a basic and important problem in many areas. It often relies on transmission-communication equipment to obtain the sensor geolocation information. However, in this work, on the contrary, our goal is to retrieve the 2D sensor location only from the 1D sensor data. We demonstrate that there is valuable 2D geometric information that can be unveiled hidden within the 1D sampled signal. We investigate the hypotheses needed and propose a very efficient and robust algorithm to realize this 2D localization. This method can be possibly applied to a series of biomedical applications, like robotic endoscopic capsules, medicine tracking, and biological tissue detection. For example, people inject tiny sensors about the size of a grain of sand to monitor human biometrics (like blood ph, etc) and accurate localization plays an essential role in pathological diagnosis.


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing an antibacterial composition containing oriental medicinal extract is provided to prevent infection by pathogen. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing an antibacterial composition containing oriental medicinal extract comprises: a step of extracting 25-35 wt% of Artewise apiacea Hance, 35-45 wt% of Coptis chinensis Franoh, 10-20 wt% of Clerodendron Cyrtophyllum Turcz, 10-20 wt% of Lonicea japonica Thunb, and 1-10 wt% of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Feish using alkali ion water at 40-85°C for 1-4 hours; a step of adding 0.1-70g of calcium oxide with 100ml of filtered extract; a step of stirring and placing at 4-15°C for 12-24 hours; and a step of filtering supernatant.


For abundant expression of antisense RNA, triplex-forming RNA and Ribozyme in vivo, a novel vector pBSKneo r U6' was constructed by PCR cloning. This vector contains the intact human snRNA U6 gene expression unit, yet replacing the 61-nt-sequence in the middle of U6 snRNA coding region with three restriction enzyme sites. Hela nuclear extract in vitro transcription experiments demonstrated that this vector can effectively express U6 mutant RNA. Containing neo r at the same time, stably transfected pBSKneo r U6' can be selected easily.


In this work, the power series solutions are given around a regular-singular point, in the case of variable coefficients for homogeneous sequential linear conformable fractional differential equations of order 2𝛼


In order to (a) investigate the expectancy-value model supporting the beliefs behind boycott intentions in thetheory of planned behaviour, and (b) to identify the specific beliefs that could be used as targets incounter-boycott participation interventions, this paper adopts a socio-cognitive approach to examine the beliefsunderpinning consumers' boycott intention. A randomized systematic sample of 500 respondents completed aquestionnaire measuring both the indirect and direct TPB variables with respect to boycotting. The statisticalresults confirmed the validity of the expectancy-value principle in the TPB. By delineating the beliefs that werestatistically significant predictors of direct TPB measures and intention, the study identified belief targets thatcan be utilized to develop countermeasures persuading consumers not to boycott American companies in theArab World. This application of a socio-psychological theory to consumers' boycott behaviour yieldedsignificant contributions both at the empirical and the managerial levels.


Objective To explore the risk factors for asthma in children.Methods A 1:1 matched and hospital-based case-control study was conducted to analyses risk factors for asthma in 300 pairs of children by logistic regression analysis. Results The result of univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were 17 related factors for children asthma, including disease history of parents in respiratory system,family income,atopie character,history of acute respiratory infections, eating habit,the amount of sea foods intakes,foam plastics,family decoration,the way of exhaust fume in kitchen,the exhaust effectiveness,raising pet in house,family history of asthma,family history of allergic rhinitis,family history of food allergy,dust allergy of parents,systemic therapy after the first attack.With multivariate Logistic regression analysis,7 factors were entered the model,6 risk factors including father's history of respiratory diseases(OR 3.771,95%CI 1.533~9.278),low family income(OR 1.503, 95%CI 1.258~1.795),atopy(OR 3.788,95%CI 2.368~6.058),meat-eating habit(OR 2.042,95%CI 1.481~2.815),asthma history of family members(OR 1.710,95%CI 0.988~2.958),the family history of allergic rhinitis(OR 1.991,95%CI 1.234~3.211), and 1 protective factor of raising pet in house(OR 0.443,95%CI 0.265~0.739).The coefficients of these factors in multivariate logistic regression model were 1.327、0.407、1.322、0.714、0.536、0.689、and-0.814 respectively.Conclusion Children asthma was a multi-factorial complex disease,and the interaction of environmental and genetic risk factors played an important role in the onset of this disease.


This paper proposes a framework to identify when possible errors occur in the design and implementation stages of costing systems, specifically time-driven activity-based costing.


A majority of prototrophic macroconidia of two of the three histidine transformants of Neurospora crassa tested required histidine for germination. This condition led to an underestimation of the proportion of his-3+ macroconidia in the samples and wronged the estimation of ratio of his-3+/ his-3 nuclei by direct plating method. To correctly estimate nuclear ratio, a sample of colonies from histidine-supplemented plating medium was transferred to histidine drop-out slants and the proportion of auxotrophic and prototrophic colonies was determined from their growth response. The amino acid requirement by prototrophic macroconidia was not specific, was limited to colony formation and was not due to low endogenous content of amino acids. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License. This regular paper is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: http://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol47/iss1/16


This study aims to investigate how foreign-operations experience influences the decisions of Korean firms to select host countries. Our results demonstrate that, as compared to first-time investors, experienced firms are less willing to invest in host countries where other Korean firms are already operating or in the EU member countries. This indicates that experienced firms take more risks of operating in unfamiliar countries, as they are more knowledgeable of the European market. However, no significant differences between the locational decisions of independent firms and group-affiliated firms are observed. This implies that the Korean firms do not sufficiently share experiential knowledge on the foreign market with their affiliates in the same business group.


Three-dimensional vision cameras, such as RGB-D, use 3D point cloud to represent scenes. File formats as XYZ and PLY are commonly used to store 3D point information as raw data, this information does not contain further details, such as metadata or segmentation, for the different objects in the scene. Moreover, objects in the scene can be recognized in a posterior process and can be used for other purposes, such as camera calibration or scene segmentation. We are proposing a method to recognize a basketball in the scene using its known dimensions to fit a sphere formula. In the proposed cost function we search for three different points in the scene using RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus). Furthermore, taking into account the fixed basketball size, our method differentiates the sphere geometry from other objects in the scene, making our method robust in complex scenes. In a posterior step, the sphere center is fitted using z-score values eliminating outliers from the sphere. Results show our methodology converges in finding the basketball in the scene and the center precision improves using z-score, the proposed method obtains a significant improvement by reducing outliers in scenes with noise from 1.75 to 8.3 times when using RANSAC alone. Experiments show our method has advantages when comparing with novel deep learning method.


Presents several new classes of aperiodic waveforms suitable for FFT-based spectral analysis of moderately overspread radar targets. In previous work, the authors explained the principle of operation with a particular code. They now provide codes with higher performance as well as a design rule for the user to apply these codes to real targets.


After a combined 14 days introduction of cadmium chloride (0,1 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and sodium nitrate (500 mg/kg intragastrically) to mature nonlinear albino rats with "slow" type of acetylation changes of water-electrolytic metabolism were manifested by 6,3 % increased concentration of sodium ions in the blood plasma. Hypernatremia resulted from the disorders of water, ion, and osmoregulatory renal functions induced by both nephrotoxic substances. Stability of potassium metabolism indices was indicative of the retention of a functional state in the distal portion of the nephron. The combination with sodium nitrate restrained a harmful effect of cadmium chloride on the glomerular sector of a nephron and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not change. Taking into account the lack of activation of glomerular processes in response to penetration of exotoxins into the body GFR can be considered as a predictor of nephropathy progression in rats with "slow" type of acetylation. 6,9% increase of proximal reabsorption of sodium ions under conditions of stable GFR was indicative of disorders of the glomerular-tubular balance due to dysfunction of the nephron proximal portion. At the same time, it is reasonable to present the evidence of our opinion by the analysis of interrelations between the indices of functional-biochemical kidney conditions considering biochemical criteria of acetylation type in mature rats with "slow" acetylation type under conditions of a combined effect of cadmium chloride and sodium nitrate, which are the prospects of further investigations.


Simple Summary Angiogenesis is a critical step in tumour progression and metastasis. The application of current inhibitors of angiogenesis is accompanied by adverse effects. Therefore, there is a need for developing better treatments. Panax ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used by humans for thousands of years. 20(S) ginsenoside-Rg3 and 20(R) ginsenoside-Rg3 are two structurally similar molecules extracted from this plant, with distinct mechanisms of action. In this research, a combination of both of these molecules was optimised (C3) to inhibit angiogenesis, in lab settings. The results showed the role of C3 as a novel anti-angiogenic drug. Abstract Tumour angiogenesis plays a key role in tumour growth and progression. The application of current anti-angiogenic drugs is accompanied by adverse effects and drug resistance. Therefore, finding safer effective treatments is needed. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has two epimers, 20(S)-Rg3 (SRg3) and 20(R)-Rg3 (RRg3), with stereoselective activities. Using response surface methodology, we optimised a combination of these two epimers for the loop formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). The optimised combination (C3) was tested on HUVEC and two murine endothelial cell lines. C3 significantly inhibited the loop formation, migration, and proliferation of these cells, inducing apoptosis in HUVEC and cell cycle arrest in all of the cell lines tested. Using molecular docking and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) bioassay, we showed that Rg3 has an allosteric modulatory effect on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). C3 also decreased the VEGF expression in hypoxic conditions, decreased the expression of aquaporin 1 and affected AKT signaling. The proteins that were mostly affected after C3 treatment were those related to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) was one of the important targets of C3, which was affected in both hypoxic and normoxic conditions. In conclusion, these results show the potential of C3 as a novel anti-angiogenic drug.


The article considers the slip casting technology of celsian-slavsonite ceramics with the ratio of raw materials to obtain crystalline phases of ВаAl2Si2O8: SrAl2Si2O8 – 25:75.
The manufacture technology of product proceeded in two stages. The first stage of synthesis was performed in a muffle furnace at a rate of temperature of 15 deg / min at a maximum firing temperature of 1200 °C with a holding time of 2 hours. Then the synthesized ceramics were grinded for 10 minutes. The second stage was to obtain a slip with the addition of surfactants (DOLAPIX PC 67). The finished slip was poured into a plaster mold. Drying of the green sample was carried out in an oven at a temperature up to 110 °C for 3 hours. Firing of the dried sample was carried out in a muffle furnace at a rate of set temperature of 15 deg / min, at a maximum firing temperature of 1250 °C for 2 hours. The fired materials were subjected to machining.
The obtained data indicate that, the best sample was fired at a temperature of 1250 ° C and had the following properties: dielectric constant — 9.4, water absorption — 5.9 %, open porosity — 14.4 %, apparent density — 2.42 g/cm3, flexural strength — 19 MPa.


Abstract Suggestion through hypnosis serves as the logical basis for combined uses of desensitization, retraining, reality testing, reality validation, and learning. Reciprocal inhibition and operant conditioning are combined with classical conditioning, time distortion, posthypnotic suggestion, and specific hypnotic interventions-such as analgesia-to facilitate the attainment of the desired goals. The results sought involve the patient's adaptation to dentures but at a minimal emotional price to the patient. The results tend to be reinforced by increased self-esteem and improved interpersonal relationships, and are usually self-perpetuating. A number of case histories are presented showing the production of gagging in patients with different behavior patterns. The clinical handling and conditioning are discussed.


The article offers an overview of the heterogeneous set of lexical and semantic classes and subclasses of adverbs and adverbials with their characteristic inferential and distributional properties. Furthermore, it sketches major theoretical approaches that have been developed to account for adverbial semantics and introduces some current issues of debate concerning the proper combination of lexical, compositional, and conceptual semantics for adverbials.


Objective:To explore the clinical characteristic,treatment and prognosis of respiratory failure resulting from acute organophosphorus pesticides poisoning (AOPP).Method:A retrospective analysis was made to the emergency treatments and results for 110 cases of respiratory failure resulting from AOPP in our hospital during 2001 and 2009.Result:106 cases (96.4%) were extubated successfully and cured without any complications,88 cases had lung infection resulting from AOPP,which were cured.Conclusion:Using the ventilator reasonably reduces the mortality in the case of respiratory failure resulting from AOPP.


Driven by a wide set of European regulations, strategies and action plans, to cope with and to minimize environmental pollution in Europe, the need for pollution monitoring especially on chemicals and radionuclides is constantly growing in importance as it supports the ambition of the European Union: "In 2050, we live well within the planet's ecological limits". This can be reached only on the basis of high-quality data on pollution monitoring as well as strong metrological cooperation between all relevant European partners and stakeholders. To foster this goal a strong, collaborative, multi-disciplinary, long-term and self-sustaining "European Metrology Network on pollution monitoring", as a metrological reference infrastructure, needs to be generated and managed. Such a metrological network will be developed over the next years within the framework of an EMPIR network project called POLMO. POLMO will focus first on chemicals and radionuclides pollution in the different compartments of the environment (water, air, soil) but also will strive to expand its expertise to other areas such as light or noise pollution on longer terms. The detailed objectives of the POLMO network are: To become an international point of focus and create stronger connections for all the different stakeholder communities (active networks and associations, research centres, testing laboratories, manufacturers, industry, standardization bodies, regulators) with NMIs/ DIs. This should allow new approaches to meet stakeholder requirements by developing multidisciplinary metrological research overpassing current regulatory principles. ‡ ‡ © Lardy-Fontan S, Maillard R. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. To maximize efficiency of NMIs/DIs activity and minimise resources (human, infrastructures, financial) as well as knowledge, data and best-practice transfers between NMIs/DIs and with the main EU organisations as well as stakeholders in the POLMO context. Demonstrate the role of metrology in the European research area. Moreover, to define the place and role of the metrology in the pollution monitoring chain of measurements and to demonstrate its added value and benefit. To maximize and accelerate dissemination of reliable metrology practices for pollution monitoring through mutually recognized and agreed approaches The goal of this poster is to describe how the POLMO Metrology Network will be implemented from mid 2022 in particular by the means of an EMPIR JNP (Joint Network Programme) in the framework of EURAMET (European Association of National Metrology Institutes). The project could support the need for harmonization and reliability of e-DNA measurements, as necessary to support their recognition, by organizing the development of missing metrological tools at European level Presenting author Sophie Lardy-Fontan Presented at 1st DNAQUA International Conference (March 9-11, 2021) Acknowledgements This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Funding program This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Grant title under negociation 2 Lardy-Fontan S, Maillard R


Motivation has been identified as one of the key human aspects for software practitioners involved in Software Engineering (SE) activities to complete their tasks successfully. While prior research on motivation in SE exists, empirical studies on its influence specifically on RE are limited. As requirements engineering (RE)-related activities are a highly human-dependent phase of SE; it is important to identify how motivation influences RE. This study aims to identify the influence of motivation on RE, provide a better understanding of its effects, and offer guidance on how to handle them. By conducting semi-structured interviews with 21 RE-involved software practitioners, we developed a preliminary theoretical framework using socio-technical grounded theory (STGT) to explain the influence of motivation on RE. Our framework attempts to explain the contextual, causal, and intervening conditions that can give rise to or mediate the influence of motivation on RE. Furthermore, we have discovered a set of strategies that can enhance motivating situations or mitigate demotivating ones and the consequences resulting from applying these strategies. Our findings will benefit software practitioners by offering guidance on managing the influence of motivation on RE and assist researchers in refining and exploring our theoretical framework for diverse SE contexts in the future.


An adaptive moving mesh method is developed for the numerical solution of two-dimensional phase change problems modelled by the phase-field equations. The numerical algorithm is relatively simple and is shown to be more efficient than fixed grid methods. The phase-field equations are discretised by a Calerkin finite element method. An adaptivity criterion is used that ensures that the mesh spacing at the phase front scales with the diffuse interface thickness.


This paper is devoted to automated colorize grayscale images. The article examines the existing solutions, identified their strengths and weaknesses. The basic methods of coloring grayscale images is proposed a two-stage technique of automatic coloring and describes methods and algorithms.


Synopsis : In order to reduce an exhaust gas, it has been necessary to reduce a weight of automobile. One of the most effective method for the weight reduction of cars is the strengthening of parts. Therefore, in order to reduce the weight of suspension coil springs, the strengthening of spring steels has been carried out in recent years. However, the strengthening of steels brings increase in sensitivity for corrosion fatigue caused by


The purpose of this research is to propose an index approach to study the impact of travel experience on tourists' satisfaction and the further impact on their sense of well‐being. Based on the latest development of tourist satisfaction research, that is, the tourist satisfaction indices, this innovative study further extends the two‐stage framework of tourist travel experiences to account for subjective well‐being and subsequently calculates a tourist well‐being index. A questionnaire with 496 respondents was used, which focused on four service sectors' tourist satisfaction indices. From this, a destination overall tourist satisfaction index and a tourist well‐being index were produced using the results of structural equation modelling. Some key findings include the higher the impact of the trip on tourist's sense of well‐being the higher the loyalty towards the destination. Different cultures had different results concerning the trip experiences (satisfaction) and the impact of the latter on their subjective well‐being. Group travellers also had a significantly more positive experience compared with solo travellers. A new innovative indices system capturing tourist satisfaction and its causes and outcomes, in particular its impact on tourist's subjective well‐being, was developed. This research therefore extends work done on the impact of tourist experience and quality of life/subjective well‐being.


Landslides are common natural disasters that often cause serious impact and damage to human society. Since landslide disasters threaten people's production and life all the time, it is particularly important to predict the risk of landslides and to control landslide disasters. When studying landslide risk and deciding whether to treat the landslide, it is meaningful to classify and compare the risk of landslides so as to select those landslides with a higher degree of danger for priority treatment. The target of this paper is to extract factors related to landslide risk, and train a classification models for landslide risk. It employs ensemble machine learning algorithms to classify landslide hazards. Because the landslide feature has a large number of dimensions, this paper uses the PCA method to reduce the dimension. Due to the imbalance of the samples, this paper uses the SMOTE method to handle the imbalanced learning. The results of study show that the selected factors are highly related to landslide risk, the classification model in this paper has good accuracy.


SOI technology potentially offers numerous benefits over bulk silicon at deep submicron dimensions. However, the presence of a buried SiO/sub 2/ layer causes self-heating to occur which can impair device performance. The effects of self-heating on SOI MOSFET performance are examined as device dimensions are scaled from 1.0 /spl mu/m to 0.25 /spl mu/m. Results show severe self-heating under static conditions which has implications for IC reliability issues.


This study aims to examine and analyze about problem based learning approach to improve understanding ability in senior high school . The population in this research is XI IPA grade senior high school in Karawang. This study was designed qualitative descriptive method. Based on the results and discussion students understanding ability had improved. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that students' mathematical understanding on the subject matter "circle" of students in grade XI IPA 3 SMAN 6 Karawang can be improved by using problem-based learning approach. It is known from the number of students who experience improvement in each cycle. In cycle I shows that the result of learning mathematics on the matter of classical equation of the circle score obtained by students from the questions given in the first cycle test, obtained 30 students reached 66.67% of 45 students who are able to get the value of 76 and above while in cycle II shows that the results of mathematics learning on the material of tangent tangent similarity has reached 91.12% or as many as 41 students.


This paper argues the value of cultural studies for English/literacy education. It draws on a longitudinal study of one boy's literacy learning between school grades 3 and 6. Examples of the textual diversity of Joseph's hybrid visual-verbal texts produced during that time are used to develop two main points. First, I suggest that some children who are not highly successful at school (as measured by standardised tests) are nonetheless accomplished users and producers of a diverse range of cultural artifacts or texts. Secondly, I explore the proposition that adopting a cultural studies approach to the English/literacy curriculum might enable teachers to design a more inclusive curriculum.


"Christmas tree production 1." 2004. Photo by Flickr user Soil Science. [4] The General Assembly of 2005 adopted the Fraser Fir as the official Christmas Tree for the State of North Carolina (Session Laws, 2005, c. 387 [5]). Selection as State Christmas Tree This law is the result of the hard work of Eighth Grade students at Harris Middle School in Spruce Pine, who researched the economic impact of the Fraser Fir industry on the state, and suggested this species as a new state symbol.


A feeding trial was conducted to assess the response of West African Dwarf sheep to differently processed corncob meal based-diets. Sun-dried corncobs were collected at Teaching and Research farm of Federal University of Technology, Akure, treated with water, lye, urea, poultry litter and fermented for twenty-one (21) days. Five experimental diets were formulated and contained five differently treated corncob meals as follow: A (untreated corncob), B (water-treated corncob), C (lye-treated corncob), D (urea-treated corncob) and E (poultry litter-treated corncob). These processed corncob meals were incorporated as basal ingredients at 45% level. Thirty (30) WAD sheep (3 males and 3 females per treatment) were fed the five diets in a completely randomized design and the experiment lasted for sixty three (63) days. Dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen retention, weight gain and feed/gain ratio were significantly (P 0.05) influenced by the treatment except haemoglobin concentration. The results revealed that the inclusion of water, lye, urea, and poultry litter treated corncob meal in the sheep diets could satisfy the dietary protein and energy requirements of the sheep. Key words : Corncobs, ensiled, lye, performance, urea, poultry litter, sheep


The mathematical treatment of the adsorption of gas on nonuniform surfaces has been investigated with respect to the proper limits for the integration of the isotherm equation. The physical significance of these limits is discussed. Equations that relate the distribution of energy sites over the surface and the heat of adsorption are derived.