The universal utilization of carbon steels worldwide for structural components and platforms coupled with their inherent mechanical, physical, and metallurgical properties establishes them as the standard wherewith the properties of other metallic alloys can be compared (Dwivedi et al., 2017). Carbon steels are applied in construction, petrochemical crude distillation unit, mining, energy generation, automobile, and desalination plants. However, the weak resistance of the steel to corrosion severely shortens their operational life span because of the reaction effect of SO4, Cl−, S2O3, NO3-, etc. in aqueous environments on the steel surface (Zarras & Stenger-Smith, 2017; Loto & Babalola, 2017). The capacity of carbon steels to be inert is because of the absence of important passivating species that is responsible for their weak corrosion resistance. As a result, the cost of corrosion control, repair, replacement of damaged parts, and continual maintenance to prevent collapse of structure, industrial accidents, fluid leakages, etc. is shifted to consumers/end-users. Corrosion inhibitors are chemical derivatives which remain the most versatile and cost-effective method of controlling carbon steel degradation during service (Branko, 2015). The adequate corrosion inhibitors in service are inorganic and tend to be very poisonous (Singh & Bockris, 1996). Synthetic organic compounds which have seen limited service are also toxic to personnel and the environment (Brycki et al., 2017; Loto, 2017; Loto & Loto, 2012, 2013). Research on plant extracts for application as corrosion inhibitor is ongoing. The results gotten so far are appreciable; however, plant extracts are limited by short shelf life, weak adsorption, and general poor inhibition (Li et al., 2005; Quartarone et al., 2012; Ashassi-Sorkhabi et al., 2004; ÖZcan, 2008; Loto & Oghenerukewe, 2016). Essential oils extracts


Background: Indigenous populations across Canada, the United States (US), Australia, and New Zealand (NZ) are disproportionately affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), both of which can lead to a lifetime of ongoing treatment as well as physiological and psychological impacts. Despite this, a paucity of data exists related to the healthcare experiences within the pathways of care specific to Indigenous populations with TBI/TSCI. This scoping review aims to identify the types of research conducted for, with, and about Indigenous populations, while comparing existing knowledge gaps concerning TBI/TSCI among Indigenous populations across Canada, US, Australia, and NZ. Methods: This review was guided by a five-stage scoping review methodology. It was conducted by a collaborative team of Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers and a Traditional Knowledge Keeper. We searched 9 databases for peer-reviewed articles related to TBI and/or TSCI and Indigenous populations across all four countries, published between 2000-2021. The initial search resulted in 2,110 sources, and two independent reviewers (EK & LR) screened all citations for inclusion. Overall, 75 articles were selected for the final review.
Results: A total of 75 articles were included in the final review. 68 studies were focused exclusively on TBI, and 7 studies focused on TSCI. 23 of the included studies were from Australia, 24 from US, 15 from Canada, and 12 from NZ, and one paper was a commentary led by researchers in more than one country. The studies were focused across 5 main subject areas: epidemiology (n=33), rehabilitation (n=25), physician perspectives (n=5), patient knowledge (n=5), and full pathway of care (n=7). Across these themes, three sub-themes also emerged: patient experience (n=11), development of culturally appropriate tool/program (n=10), and cultural understandings of neurotrauma (n=3). Moreover, only 20 of the 75 studies included some form of Indigenous community engagement.
Implications & Conclusion: Overall, this scoping review highlighted the types of research being done about TBI/TSCI within Indigenous populations, the current knowledge gaps, and how communities are involved within the research process. Global healthcare systems operate differently, and consequently, result in varying health outcomes. The results highlight that there is a lack of Indigenous-driven projects, and a gap within Indigenous-specific data collection strategies. This calls for future research to be driven by community-specific priorities and prioritize Indigenous data governance strategies.


1. Performance means throughput (GB/s). Resiliency means the time needed for the Ceph cluster to rebuild to its default data protection level after an SSD failure. Comparative statements refer to test results shown herein versus the Solidigm D5-P5316, a competing, Quad-Level Cell (4 bits per cell) NVMe, NAND-based SSD. 2. See https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/ceph-open-source-community-powering-red-hats-dataservices-portfolio for additional information on Ceph Storage Community Edition. 3. Unformatted. 1 GB = 1 billion bytes. Formatted capacity is less. 3.5X Peak improvement in sequential write performance


The basic point in the argument of Shumway, Beattie, and Talpaz is that an error exists in the input and output prices used. We did state, since input and output levels were expressed in value terms based on 1947-49, that "the prices of these inputs are assumed to be $1" (p. 617, fn. 4). In their comment, they note correctly that the price of the ith input should have been rit/rib, where t is current dollars and b represents base periods prices. (They acknowledge the Journal editors for suggesting this expositional approach.) Shumway, Beattie, and Talpaz state that "Nominal price equivalents .. can be computed directly from their two data series


Transdermal drug delivery system(TDDS)has attracted more and more attention due to its significant potential in avoiding the hepatic first-pass metabolism,maintaining a constant and prolonged drug level,and providing a local target and convenience for administration.However,the stratum corneum,namely the outermost layer of the skin,acts as a biological barrier,which would limit the transdermal delivery of drug molecules,especially the hydrophilic ones.For this reason,the development of effective methods to enhance the penetration of drugs through skin has become important.In recent years,as a kind of drug carrier for TDDS,the nanoparticle has become popular because of its excellent properties such as high entrapment efficiency,reduced enzymatic degradation,controlled release rate and large specific surface area which can easily accumulate on the surface of the skin to promote the penetration of the drug.This article mainly reviews the research progress in polymeric nanoparticles for TDDS,including the mechanism of enhanced penetration,the combination of nanoparticles and active penetration methods for TDDS.With reference to the problems existing in current studies,suggestions are also proposed.


We consider a regenerative queueing process that is (partially) generated by an embedded phase-type renewal process. We show that, under some specified conditions, a performance measure is an analytic function of the rate of the renewal process. We then develop several methods for deriving its Taylor polynomial in the renewal rate. These polynomials are asymptotically exact as the rate decreases, and, thus, are called light traffic approximations of the performance measure. We show via examples that these new methods are not only more efficient compared to existing ones, but also more versatile due to their general settings, such as to conduct perturbation analysis and study transient behavior.


Folding of a plate will affect its stiffness, shape and expression. This principle can be used in architecture to create material efficient structures that are load bearing, space enclosing and expressive at the same time. Folded plate structures are not very developed or commonly used in the building industry, apart from in the very basic form of simply corrugated sheets. To create more complex folded plate structures, the designer need to have an understanding of the mechanical and kinematical behavior associated with different fold patterns. Further, a method for parametrical modelling and analysis will give more possibilities and facilitate the design process. This report results in a design method for folded plate structures. The proposed method includes: Investigation of different origami tessellations and their properties in simple paper models. Generation of two-dimensional crease patterns in Rhinoceros parametrical plug-in Grasshopper. Folding and shaping of the structure in Grasshopper physics simulation add-on Kangaroo. Structural analysis using Grasshopper FE add-on Karamba. Building of scale models for an intuitive understanding of the structure. The final method is applied in the design and construction of a full-scale plywood pavilion. To be able to realize this pavilion, some more practical issues were investigated as well, including design of connections and internal constraints needed to stabilize the structure.


The paper considers models of economic growth and the possibility of modifying a suitable model to find the potential for economic growth for the economy of society. The world global economy is studied, presented in terms of societies of the world, in monetary terms and the growth potential of gross domestic product in relation to capital, labor, technological progress, population and other macroeconomic indicators that affect it. Theoretical and methodological significance lies in the description of a fundamentally new method of modeling, which can be used to assess the potential of economic development, proving the dynamics of the coefficients of elasticity of production factors, and proving the hypothesis of declining economic growth. The developed model effectively estimates the potential for economic growth for any country and can be used as a basis for forecasting indicators of potential capital intensity of production and potential gross domestic product. Regarding the practical significance of the obtained results, it should be noted that all changes and numerical values are supported by real data and are a consequence of economic, political or social phenomena in the economy of the country under consideration. In the further research it is possible to develop this model, adding to it new variables which influence economic growth, to update methodology of finding of coefficients as a result of actions of economic agents, instead of only their exogenous influence on economy. The work has three main sections. The first section contains theoretical aspects of estimating the evolutionary economy in the one-dimensional case, it describes the basic theoretical information about the Solow model and other neoclassical and endogenous models of economic growth. The second section describes the possibilities of the Solow model for estimating economic growth potential and theoretical aspects and derives the mathematical basis for estimating economic growth potential. Also in this section describes the implementation of the mathematical base. The third section comments on the results of modeling, based on which detailed conclusions are formed, which summarize the economic, mathematical, analytical and technical work. The simulation results well illustrate the degree of use of economic potential, as well as the impact of capital, technological progress, investment, natural population movement on the efficiency of the economy in terms of many countries. The developed software (as a product of the digital economy) can be used to further improve the model, taking into account more factors.


Modern microprocessors utilise embedded thermal sensors to continuously monitor the chip's temperature during runtime. However, the overheating locations change temporally and spatially depending on the various workloads running on the chip. Furthermore, on-chip thermal sensor readings are highly affected by noise due to fabrication fluctuations and randomness, which makes the task of thermal monitoring particularly challenging. In this study, the authors first establish overheating detection models to address the thermal sensor allocation problem under two different conditions when the on-chip thermal sensor observations are corrupted by noise. On this basis, a heuristic method based on genetic algorithm is proposed to find a near-optimal thermal sensor allocation solution, which can make overheating detection probability significantly improved with a greatly reduced execution time. They also propose a hybrid algorithm to identify the optimal thermal sensor placement for each individual chip block or component. Moreover, they develop an oil-based cooling system and utilise infrared thermal imaging techniques to capture the thermal traces of a real dual-core microprocessor when running various workloads. The experiments demonstrate that the authors' proposed thermal sensor allocation methods obviously outperform several common allocation approaches in terms of overheating detection, which can provide an accurate and reliable thermal monitoring.


Thanks to the popularity of smartphones, optical camera communication (OCC) gains more and more attention from markets and research as one of the new internetworking architectures in the future. However, existing OCC modulations treat the signal from the transmitter as a single point light source, which sacrifices the spatial diversity and limits the data rate improvement. In this paper, we investigate the spatial diversity, a natural feature of camera imaging, and propose to combine spatial diversity with amplitude and spectrum diversities to boost the data rate of OCC to support high-speed applications. Based on preliminary experiments, we design and implement RainbowRow, a high-speed and robust OCC system. RainbowRow comprises a LED-based transmitter and a camera-based receiver, which is low-cost (i.e., under $100), with a flexible communication range (i.e., within 2 m), and high speed (i.e., up to 40 Kbps). To validate the RainbowRow performance, we conduct experiments on LabVIEW based platforms in different scenarios. Results show that RainbowRow can robustly recognize the optical symbols with a symbol error rate (SER) less than 0.05 and approach 40 Kbps data rate in the range of 1 m, significant improvement from less than 10 Kbps in OCC state of the art.


Background Internet is a particularly dynamic way to quickly capture the perceptions of a population in real time. Complementary to traditional face-to-face communication, online social networks help patients to improve self-esteem and self-help. Objective The aim of this study was to use text mining on material from an online forum exploring patients' concerns about treatment (antidepressants and anxiolytics). Methods Concerns about treatment were collected from discussion titles in patients' online community related to antidepressants and anxiolytics. To examine the content of these titles automatically, we used text mining methods, such as word frequency in a document-term matrix and co-occurrence of words using a network analysis. It was thus possible to identify topics discussed on the forum. Results The forum included 2415 discussions on antidepressants and anxiolytics over a period of 3 years. After a preprocessing step, the text mining algorithm identified the 99 most frequently occurring words in titles, among which were escitalopram, withdrawal, antidepressant, venlafaxine, paroxetine, and effect. Patients' concerns were related to antidepressant withdrawal, the need to share experience about symptoms, effects, and questions on weight gain with some drugs. Conclusions Patients' expression on the Internet is a potential additional resource in addressing patients' concerns about treatment. Patient profiles are close to that of patients treated in psychiatry.


The adoption of Software-Defined Networks (SDN) and the shift towards programmable data planes have led to better network management. However, this has not been accompanied with the implementation of robust host authentication or access control mechanisms to improve network security and prevent unauthorized access to the network. The current literature has explored the implementation of the widely adopted authentication mechanism - port knocking in SDN to address the former. However, they suffer from two major drawbacks making them vulnerable to MITM (Man-In-The-Middle) attacks: unsecured transfer of the port knocking sequences between the SDN controller and hosts, and the lack of host identity verification mechanisms post port knocking authentication. This paper introduces P4-sKnock: a P4 based two level host authentication and access control mechanism. The first level introduces encrypted dynamic port knocking to secure the transfer of port knocking sequences over a compromised channel by encrypting them. Further, a challenge-response host identity verification mechanism is introduced as a second level authentication measure following which a host can be authorized, quarantined or blocked owing to the programmability of the P4 switch providing robust access control. Experimental analysis shows that P4-sKnock can authenticate a new SDN host within 500 ms and mitigate MITM attacks like IP spoofing and replay attacks making it significantly more secure than previous P4 based port knocking authentication systems.


Climate change is one of the most important problems in the global agenda. In December 2015, the most comprehensive international agreement on climate change was adopted in Paris. The aim of the Paris Agreement, ratified by 175 parties until now, is to hold the temperature increase below 2°C, and if possible, limiting the increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. This article will focus on the Paris Agreement and reactions of China, the US, EU, Russia and India as global actors and the top five GHG emitters. In accordance with their emissions they are the most crucial actors for the implementation of the agreement. In this context, this article aims to discuss the influence of these actors in achieving the commitments of the Paris Agreement.


Abstract A Cu(II)-methylmalonate complex, (C3H7N6)4[Cu(II)(C4H4O4)2](H2O)4Cl2 (1) (where C3H7N6 = protonated melamine, C4H4O4 = methylmalonic acid), has been synthesized from aqueous media and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The anionic Cu(II)-methylmalonate complex mediated formation of interesting supramolecular assemblies in the solid state by means of ionic interactions with protonated melamine. Moreover, other forces such as antielectrostatic H-bonding and π+–π+ interactions also play a crucial role in defining the final 3-D architecture of 1. An interesting stacking among protonated melamine molecules is studied by DFT calculations. Lattice water molecules and chlorides form various hydrogen bonds to take part in the self-assembly processes.


This study examines the lives of the poor in relation to those more fortunate. In particular, it looks into the injustices the poor are forced to face when trying to escape poverty. It examines a common assumption made by prominent academics (Prahalad and Hammond, 2002; Gage 2004; Prahalad, 2005), that the cost of basic goods and services are significantly more than those more fortunate. The study uses both qualitative and quantitative means to prove this 'poverty penalty'.


The POOL project is currently developing a common object storage framework for the LHC Computing Grid (LCG) application area. The POOL software is developed for the storage of experiment and meta data in the multi-petabyte scale in a distributed and grid computing environment. The project follows a hybrid approach combining C++ object streaming technology such as Root I/O for the bulk data with transactionally safe relational database such as MySQL for collections and meta data. POOL is based on a component model. It provides navigational access to distributed data without exposing details of the particular underlying storage technology. The POOL software is expected to be already used in test production by the time of the conference. Summary The POOL software project started in 2002 within the context of the Applications Area of the LHC Computing Grid (LCG) project. Its scope and the main directives for its architecture had been defined in by the LHC experiments in collaboration with the relevant group in the IT Division at CERN. POOL addresses the needs of the LHC experiments in software infrastructure for storing and accessing data from the detectors, their conditions and their environment, as well as data generated with computing processes of physics and detector simulation, event reconstruction, calibration and high level physics analysis. All these data categories are associated to different scales of recording rates and volume sizes. The categories also differ in their access patterns. Given the lifetime of the LHC experiments, which is rather long with respect to the cycle of a typical technological trend in software, it is expected that the back-end storage solutions will be upgraded or even replaced with time. At the same time all data shall always be accessible in a completely transparent way for the user independently of their recording time and their access path. The latter could be as simple as locating a file in the hard disk of a portable computer running locally an interactive application, or as complex as opening a replicated database in a batch job in a grid environment. The POOL architecture had to primarily reflect the solution satisfying the above main requirements. Three major domains have been identified, each of them comprising a set of components interacting weakly via abstract interfaces: the Storage Manager, the File Catalog, and the Collections. The Storage Manager domain is the heart of the POOL system. It is responsible for providing I/O for the data that come from the detectors, simulation and reconstruction programs. These categories of data are characterized by their large volume size and by the fact that they are written once, very often read back, and very seldom updated. It has been recognized that this access pattern is best served using techniques of C++ object streaming. Therefore, ROOT I/O has been the obvious choice for the first production implementation of the storage back end. This does not necessarily exclude other possible implementations based on RDBMS solutions. In fact, the representation of the address of an object in the persistent space includes a technology identifier, thus allowing complex data structures spanning several files or databases of different technologies. The translation of the transient to persistent representation and vice versa is done using the LCG Dictionary software, allowing for the access of the persistent data from different LCG applications. The components in the Storage Manager domain take care of the necessary technology dispatching so that the user interfaces that need to be exposed are minimal. The latter consist mainly of smart pointers to transient objects, generic cache management services and high level transactions. The File Catalog domain is responsible for maintaining consistent lists of data files or databases mapping the unique and immutable file identifiers, which appear in the representation of the address of an object in the persistent space, to strings which describe the physical locations of the file or database replicas. POOL provides three different implementations of the File Catalog interfaces: An XML-based implementation, which serves the needs of being able to run simple applications even on a computer disconnected from the network, a MySQL-based implementation, which is best suited in a production farm serving multiple processes and users, and an EDG-RLS-based implementation, which serves an entire Virtual Organization in a data and computing grid environment. The purpose of the Collections domain is to provide an infrastructure to support the definition, creation, population, use, and management of ensembles of objects stored by means of the persistence services of POOL. These collections of objects are associated to a set of meta data which are used for the rapid selection of the data that need to be analysed, as well as for high-level analysis based on the values of major and summary attributes of the selected data. They are equivalent to the concepts of the event tags and the ntuples that have been heavily used for physics analysis in HEP. Current implementations are based on MySQL tables and ROOT object structures. Moreover, the same interfaces are exposed to the users for implicit collections, which are defined by physical containment of objects in their actual store. POOL made the first public release in May 2003 aiming at functional completeness in June 2003. By the time of this conference POOL will already be used in preproduction mode for the needs of the data challenges performed by the LHC experiments.


Let be a positive integer. The polynomial n pn (x) = (x − 1) (x − 2) ... (x − n) , has roots where . Furthermore, satisfies a symmetry relation with respect to the midpoint of its roots, , which reads and is straightforward to verify. Therefore, the polynomial is even or odd, according to whether is even or odd, so that contains either only even powers of or only odd powers of . We thus have ri = i i = 1, 2, ... , n pn 1 2 (n + 1) pn (2 (n + 1) + x) = (−1)n pn (2 (n + 1) − x) qn (x) = pn (2 (n + 1) + x) n qn (x) x x


A recently developed one-sided stress wave velocity measurement technique is used to evaluate freeze-thaw damage in concrete. The freeze-thaw damage was induced in a 400x350x100 mm concrete specimen in accordance with ASTM C666 using a commercial testing apparatus. A cycle consisted of a variation of the temperature from -14°C to 4°C. A cycle took 4-5 hours with approximately equal times devoted to freezing-thawing. The measurement of longitudinal and surface wave velocities based on the one-sided stress wave velocity measurement technique was made every 5 freeze-thaw cycle. Experimental results showed that damage induced by freeze-thaw cycles caused a larger change in longitudinal wave velocity as measured by the one-sided stress wave velocity measurement technique than that in Rayleigh wave velocity. In addition, the new method for one-sided stress wave velocity measurement was more effective in evaluating freeze-thaw damage in concrete than the conventional ultrasonic through transmission technique. Introduction It is well recognized that damage resulting from freeze-thaw cycles is a serious problem causing deterioration and degradation of concrete [1-2]. In general, freeze-thaw cycles change the microstructure of the concrete ultimately leading to internal stresses and cracking. Freeze-thaw damage progress at earlier stage is initiated on surface and near surface of concrete mainly due to the onset of ice forming in capillary pores which expands in volume of concrete [3]. Therefore utilizing stress waves propagating along near surface of concrete is expected to be effective to monitor the damage progress caused by repeated cycles of freeze-thaw in concrete. Recently, a number of references [4-8] have been carried out on wave velocity measurements in concrete when access to only one surface of the structure is possible, such as for the case of concrete pavement. Advanced method for one-sided stress wave velocity determination in concrete proposed by Popovics et al. [9] has some advantages for data collection and processing system which more accurately determines the arrival of the generated longitudinal and surface waves. In this study, a new method for one-sided stress wave velocity measurement has been applied to evaluate freeze-thaw damage in concrete by monitoring the velocity change of longitudinal and surface waves. The variation of longitudinal and surface wave velocities due to the increase of freeze-thaw damage is demonstrated and compared to determine which one is more effective to monitor freeze-thaw damage progress. The variation in longitudinal wave velocity measured by one-sided technique is also compared with that measured by the conventional ultrasonic through transmission technique. Brief description of advanced One-sided stress wave velocity measurement technique Figure 1 illustrates the wave mode characteristics generated by mechanical impact at a point on the surface. As shown in Fig. 1, the transient stress pulse introduced by impact travels into the structure as dilatational (L-) and distortional (S-) waves and along the surface as a Rayleigh and longitudinal creeping waves. The basic concept for one-sided stress wave velocity measurement is on the basis of Key Engineering Materials Online: 2004-08-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 270-273, pp 1604-1609 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.270-273.1604 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,17:38:09) Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) capture of propagating waves along the surface which represent longitudinal creeping wave and Rayleigh wave.


An experiment in Pinus taeda stands was conducted aiming to evaluate the effect of thinnings and forest site quality on basal area (G), total volume, stem volume (v) and assortment of Pinus taeda. Thinnings occurred between 8 and 9 years old, where the fifth row plus 66%, 54%, 42%, 30% e 19% of the existing trees was cut. Thinnings were followed by measurement of diameters and along the stem to calculate its volume. An analysis of variance in randomized blocks was made adopting the sites as blocks and the mixed thinnings as treatments. Volumetric relation was modeled for the plots and from this, log assortments could be estimated using a software named SISPINUS. In conclusion, thinning affect the volumetric relation especially to larger trees, while its inclination curve reduces from richest sites to poorest sites. Sites exert greater effect than thinnings when considering basal area, total volume, boles volume and volume per assortment.


Abstract : Islamic banking is banking whose operations are based on sharia principles. The implementation system is by way of profit sharing, one of which is in musharakah transactions. Musharakah is cooperation in terms of capital which aims to obtain a profit. This study discusses the application/implementation of the rules of al-ghunm bil al-ghurm in musharakah financing in Islamic banking. The purpose of this study was to describe and determine the relationship/correlation of al-ghunm bi al-ghurm rules in musharakah financing or capital cooperation in Islamic banking.Keywords: shariah banking, al-ghunm, al-ghurm, musharakah.


The goal of reinforcement learning is to enable an agent to learn by using rewards. However, some robotic tasks naturally specify with sparse rewards, and manually shaping reward functions is a difficult project. In this article, we propose a general and model-free approach for reinforcement learning to learn robotic tasks with sparse rewards. First, a variant of Hindsight Experience Replay, Curious and Aggressive Hindsight Experience Replay, is proposed to improve the sample efficiency of reinforcement learning methods and avoid the need for complicated reward engineering. Second, based on Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic policy gradient algorithm, demonstrations are leveraged to overcome the exploration problem and speed up the policy training process. Finally, the action loss is added into the loss function in order to minimize the vibration of output action while maximizing the value of the action. The experiments on simulated robotic tasks are performed with different hyperparameters to verify the effectiveness of our method. Results show that our method can effectively solve the sparse reward problem and obtain a high learning speed.


Following a method by Meldrum and van der Walt, near-rings of matrix maps are defined for general near-rings, not necessarily with identity. The influence of one-sided identities is discussed. When the base near-ring is integral and planar, the near-ring of matrix maps is shown to be simple. Various types of primitivity of the near-ring of matrix maps are discussed when the base near-ring is planar but not integral. Finally, an open problem concerning bijective matrix maps is solved.


The allelopathic efficiency of the seed powder of two Brassicaceae plants Brassica rapa and Sinapis alba associating wheat plants cv. Giza168 was investigated in the two successive seasons of the years 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 under greenhouse conditions at National Research Centre. The powder of the two Brassicaceae seeds was applied to the soil at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40g/kg soil. The results indicated reduction in Avena fatua by the two Brassicaceae seeds at all concentrations. The reduction increased with the increase in concentration up to 40g/kg soil. The reduction caused by S. alba was the higher. On the other hand, this reduction in weed growth was concomitant with increase in growth as well as yield components of wheat specially weight of 1000grains (g) and yield/plant (g). Analysis of the extract of the seed powder of B. rapa and S. alba indicated that the contents of glucosinolates and total phenols were higher in S. alba seed extract than their correspondence in B. rapa seed extract. From the results, it can be concluded that seed powder of B. rapa or S. alba can be used as a promising bioherbicide to control the grassy weed Avena fatua associating wheat plants.


Polymeric modified asphalt for road paving applications wherein the polymer modifier is a tubular reactor produced ethylene/alkyl acrylate copolymer (e.g., EMA) optionally blended with an epoxy functionalized ethylene copolymer (e.g., EnBAGMA) and added to the asphalt with or without the use of an acid adjuvant (e.g., PSA).


Findings are presented from an assessment of the degree to which delegates attending the 11th International Conference on AIDS in Vancouver used medical clinics set up to meet their needs. Visit and individual-specific information was collected via a clinic visit profile sheet and questionnaire. Over 4 days delegates made 221 clinic visits during the conference centers open hours. Excluding repeat visits 202 unique individuals used clinic services for a utilization rate of 17.6 people/1000 delegates. Only 8 delegates were transferred to a hospital 1 HIV-negative and 7 HIV-positive individuals. Clinic visits at 3 sites were more likely to be from male (58%) and HIV-positive (55%) delegates. The main reasons for clinic visits from HIV-positive and -negative delegates were respiratory (13.9%) skin (17.7%) and head and neck-related (23.4%) complaints. 8.7% of visits from HIV-positive delegates were attributed to infections like herpes virus or candidiasis. 7.8% of clinic visits were to request prescriptions while 7.1% of visits among HIV-positive delegates were to request help with injections. 20.1% and 14.1% of prescriptions filled at the clinics were for analgesics and antibiotics respectively. Findings are presented on differences in health status and health care services availability between developed and developing country HIV-positive questionnaire respondents. The health care services available at the conference adequately managed delegates health problems.


In this paper we compare participants' behavior and experience when navigating through a virtual environment populated with virtual agents in an IVR (Immersive Virtual Reality) system and a semi-IVR system. We measured the impact of collision and basic interaction between participants and virtual agents in both systems. Our findings show that it is more important for our semi-IVR systems to facilitate collision avoidance between the user and the virtual agents accompanied with basic interaction between them. This can increase the sense of presence and make the virtual agents and the environment appear more realistic and lifelike.


We present results for the static interquark potential, light meson and baryon masses, and light pseudoscalar meson decay constants obtained from simulations of domain wall QCD with one dynamical flavour approximating the s quark, and two degenerate dynamical flavours with input bare masses ranging from m{sub s} to m{sub s}/4 approximating the u and d quarks. We compare these quantities obtained using the Iwasaki and DBW2 improved gauge actions, and actions with larger rectangle coefficients, on 16{sup 3}x32 lattices. We seek parameter values at which both the chiral symmetry breaking residual mass due to the finite lattice extent in the fifth dimension and the Monte Carlo time history for topological charge are acceptable for this set of quark masses at lattice spacings above 0.1 fm. We find that the Iwasaki gauge action is best, demonstrating the feasibility of using QCDOC to generate ensembles which are good representations of the QCD path integral on lattices of up to 3 fm in spatial extent with lattice spacings in the range 0.09-0.13 fm. Despite large residual masses and a limited number of sea quark-mass values with which to perform chiral extrapolations, our results for light hadronic physics scale and agree with experimental measurementsmore » within our statistical uncertainties.« less


.................................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Antibodies in treating of Cancer ......................................................................................................... 7 1.2 The Structure of Antibodies ................................................................................................................ 7 1.3 Mechanism of action of Antibodies in cancer therapy .......................................................................10 1.4 Antibodies in Therauptics ..................................................................................................................12 1.5 IgE in Immune Responses ..................................................................................................................14 1.6 Role of IgE in Allergy ..........................................................................................................................17 1.7 AllergoOncology: Directing IgE-Mediated Allergy towards Cancer .....................................................19 1.8 Rationale behind use of IgE in therauptics .........................................................................................20 1.9 IgE Therapy based Experiments .........................................................................................................23 1.10 IgE in Antitumor Adjuvanticity .........................................................................................................26 AIM & OBJECTIVE .......................................................................................................................................29 Material and Methods ...............................................................................................................................30 Cell Culture Maintenance ........................................................................................................................30 Cell lines..................................................................................................................................................30 TS/A-LACK ...........................................................................................................................................30 N2C: ....................................................................................................................................................30 RBL-2H3: .............................................................................................................................................30 Mice .......................................................................................................................................................31 Hyper IgE(KN1): ...................................................................................................................................31 IgE knock out :.....................................................................................................................................31 FcεRI knock out : .................................................................................................................................31 HER-2/neu Transgenic : .......................................................................................................................31 CD-23 (FcεRII) knock out : ...................................................................................................................31 Vaccination and Tumor Challenge : .........................................................................................................32 N2C Tumor Challenge and Evaluation of Tumor growth: .........................................................................32 IgE mediated Release Assay: ...................................................................................................................32 CD-8 depletion Studies: ...........................................................................................................................33 FACs Analysis: .........................................................................................................................................33 For Experiments in Tumori Institute ........................................................................................................33 Bone Marrow Transplantation Experiment : .......................................................................................33 3 FACs Analysis: .....................................................................................................................................33 DNA expression vectors and vaccination : ...........................................................................................33 RESULTS .....................................................................................................................................................35 3. Raising of Endogenous Antitumor IgE ..................................................................................................35 3.1 TS/A-LACK Tumor Model ...............................................................................................................35 3.2 N2C Tumor Model .........................................................................................................................39 3.3.1 Does Endogenous IgE has the power to induct an anti-tumor effect in spontaneous tumor bearing mice .......................................................................................................................................45 3.4 Generation of new Transgenic model to show a direct role of IgE in anti-tumor activity ....................48 3.4.1Breeding Plan ..............................................................................................................................49 3.4.3 Anti-tumor effect seen in Intermediate Genotypes. ....................................................................53 3.4.3 In-vitro Characterization for production of N2C tumor specific IgE in mice determined by functionality assay ..............................................................................................................................54 3.4.4 Induction of role of IgE through its interaction with high affinity receptor for anti-tumor activity. ...........................................................................................................................................................56 3.4.5 Detection of specific IgE against tumor .......................................................................................58 Ongoing Studies : ....................................................................................................................................60 Effect of CD8 T cell depletion on efficacy in tumor protection ............................................................60 DISCCUSSION .............................................................................................................................................62 Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................................68 References..................................................................................................................................................69


This article deals with two stelae discovered near Kafr el-Gabal which belong to one family. In addition, a third stela in Durham can be attributed to this family. The author describes the stelae and reveals the interrelationship of the presented persons.


Summary Female undergraduates (N = 68) watched a closed circuit television picture of a male model while he learned a paired-associate list and supposedly received electric shock when he erred. Following the model's learning of the list, the observers first rated a list of CVCs, including a critical CVC which had been associated with seven electric shocks to the model, and then learned the paired-associate list. As compared to control group Ss, the observer Ss rated the critical CVC less positively and learned the paired-associate list in fewer trials. These results indicate that observational and vicarious emotional learning can occur simultaneously.


Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic has radically changed daily life and the way we interact with others. It has also brought negative psychological consequences: several studies have reported increased levels of distress symptomatology at the onset of the pandemic. However, few longitudinal studies have been carried out, and even fewer in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse longitudinally the anxiety and depressive symptomatology of the Argentine general population during the first 13 months of the pandemic. The total sample included 988 adults (ages 18–77) from different regions of Argentina. Open‐access surveys were distributed via social media at five time points (March, April, May, August 2020 and April 2021). Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed through the Beck Depression Inventory‐II and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. Mixed repeated‐measures ANOVA were applied, with time as a within‐subjects factor, and socioeconomic status, gender, and age group as between‐subjects factors. Results showed a progressive increases in anxiety (F (27.78, 3417.60) = 62.88, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.060) and depression (F (3.42, 3373.75) = 84.78, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.079) symptoms in the general population throughout the pandemic (except for a slight decrease in anxiety in Wave 2). All of the between‐subjects factors showed significant effects on both types of symptoms: female gender, younger age and lower income were associated with greater depression and anxiety in all waves. A time‐age interaction effect was found (F (10.26, 3364.05) = 2.99, p < 0.01, ηp 2 = 0.009): after the third wave, depressive symptoms tended to decrease or stabilise in the young adult group, whereas there was a positive linear increase in the older groups. This study provided evidence that anxiety and depression symptoms tend to increase during crisis contexts, and that this effect is even more pronounced for certain vulnerable population groups. Mental health monitoring and support interventions should be included in government strategies to deal with the long‐term impact of the pandemic.


ABSTRACT The extraction of the main features of a fractured bone area enables a posterior virtual reproduction of the same fracture on other bones. The utilisation of the fracture zone for other applications is almost an unexplored field of research. Recreating a given fracture on other areas or bones can be directly applied to medical training programmes of traumatologists or to automatic bone fracture reduction algorithms. This paper is focused on the process of generating a fracture pattern taking computed tomography scans as a starting point. A set of alternative representations, for different purposes, is presented and discussed. A study of several clinical cases is analysed. Finally, the potential usages of bone fracture patterns are described.


The objectives of this study is to approach to the cause of evasion of the physical education classes that is understood by elementary students with the partivipants alienated from the physical education classses and to provide the foundation for the proposition of alternative palns to make more students participate in pleasant and active physical education classes. I adopted the pursoseful sampling through the nonprobability sampling and sampled four students in the 6th grade of the elementary School M which was located in Y city. Gyeongsang Province. The data collected through profound interview. classroom observation and dovuments etc, was categorized the cased through the inductive categorical analysis and created meaningful subjects from the causal vhain analysis.
1. External Cause of Evasion
Threatening speaking and negative feedback of the teachers had the alienated students experienced the double sufferings as well as impaired locomotive functions. and as for the discrimination of the teachers it was founded that the discrimination from the excellent students on the basis of locomotive funcions, and sex discrimination discrimination between groups were the cause of evasion They made a strong denial of physical and mental pain from punishment and harassement, referring main cause of evasion of the physical educaion class. Secondly, as the aspects of educational environment. the absence of hymnasium free from the influence of the weather, the shortage of private physical education instrument filthiness of instruments by rough management, the shortage of water-supply facilities and shade. sultry weather in summer, coldness in winter were presented as the cause of evasion. Thirdly tease and jeer of the colleagues while the subjet is performed and imputation and abuse for the result of the game etc, were analyzed as the caused that made the students lose interest in the physical education class and have the students alienated from the achievement of the objectives give up and concede the behaivioral strategies themselves.


We develop a new stability tests for systems with one uncertain parameter and with polynomial uncertainty structure. The test is derived using the resultant determinant for the real and imaginary parts of the polynomial evaluated on the imaginary axis. The resultant determinant is a function of the uncertain parameter as well as frequency. We evaluate the determinant using a known algorithm then test it for roots in a given interval using Sturm's theorem. We apply Sturm's test twice: over the allowable range of the uncertain parameter, and for positive angular frequencies. The procedure yields a necessary and sufficient stability condition with polynomial uncertainty structure and one uncertain parameter. We demonstrate the new test using two numerical examples.


ABSTRACT The effects of different dietary electrolyte balances (DEB; 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270 and 280 mEq/kg of diet) were investigated on growth performance, carcass traits, blood serum parameters and immune responses of broilers under thermoneutral environment. Data were analysed in agreement to a completely randomized design. In the grower period (linear, P = .01) and throughout the study (linear, P < .01) feed, energy and protein intakes decreased by increasing the DEB level. In the starter period, ADG showed the lowest value at 250 DEB level (quadratic, P < .01), whereas in the grower period and throughout the study, ADG decreased (linear, P < .01) by increasing the DEB level. Serum uric acid showed the lowest concentration at 250 DEB level (quadratic, P = .02). The serum triglyceride concentration decreased (linear, P = .02) and concentration of high-density lipoproteins raised (linear, P < .01) by increasing DEB level. Immune response against Gumboro disease tended (P = .09) to raise (linear, P < .01) by increasing the DEB level. No considerable DEB effect was observed on carcass traits and relative organ weights. The DEB values ranging from 220 to 240 mEq/kg could be appropriate to promote broiler growth performance.


China's family planning work should be done with a Chinese appraoch. Consequently, consideration must be given to China's characteristics. China is low in productive forces and underdeveloped in economy and education, but the population is enormous. Thus, the Chinese government confirms family planning as a basic state policy and calls for the control of population growth to around 1.2 billion by 2000. The gross output value of industrial and agricultural production will be quadrupled so as to fit the population growth to the development of the national economy. The population of China has a large base number with a young age structure. At this time, people under the age of 30 account for about 62.7% with more than 20 million people per year reaching marriageable and childbearing age in the coming 10 years or more. The government calls for young people to marry and to have a child later and advocates the practice of 1 child for each couple. By the end of 1983 there were 34.49 million couples of childbearing age with only 1 child each, of whom 24.77 million couples chose voluntarily to have 1 child. The government, while advocating 1 child for each couple, stresses that family planning policies should be fair and resonable, acceptable to the people, and easy for field workers to implement. Since China's rural population makes up a large proportion and the feudal ideas such as preference of sons to daughters, the principle of integrating government's guidance with people's voluntariness has been practiced throughout the family planning work. To achieve the population goal set by the government, a family planning network formed with Chinese characteristics. The practice of family planning has been made a basic state policy and is included in the Constitution and the Marriage Law. The drawing up of the Family Planning Law is now underway. A solid foundation has been laid for family planning work among the masses. China is experienced in giving different guidance to regions with different backgrounds, while implementing the government's family planning policy. It combines the government's guidance with personal voluntariness by letting people choose birth control methods. There exists a complete family planning system in China with a contingent of family planning workers. Family planning and education centers and population information centers at all levels are being set up and perfected to shape a complete set of organizations. The development of scientific research on family planning technology and contraceptives ensures further improvement of family planning work.


Traditionally, models of decision making have included an implicit assumption that decision-making processes are inherently rational. Simon (1987), for example, while noting that human rationality is bounded, essentially associates emotion with irrational processes and, consequently, to poor decision making. The chapters in this section refute this view, however. Consistent with Ashforth and Humphrey (1995) and Hartel and Hartel (1997), the authors of these chapters argue that emotions and intuition, far from being antithetical to rational decisions, are an inherent part of decision making.


A mean-field model of Ising spin glass with the Hamiltonian being a sum of the infinite-range ferromagnetic and random antiferromagnetic interactions is studied. It is shown that this model has phase transition in external magnetic field into inergodic spin glass phase with a number of metastable states. The thermodynamic properties of metastable states are studied at T=0 and near the transition. The relations between the characteristics of slow nonequilibrium processes in spin glass phase (such as hysteresis loop form, thermo-remanent and isothermal remanent magnetizations, field-cooled and zero-field-cooled thermodynamic quantities) and thermodynamic parameters of metastable states are established.


Introduction: Poor access of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people to healthcare providers with clinical and cultural competency contributes to health inequalities between heterosexual/cisgender and LGBT people. This systematic review assesses the effect of educational curricula and training for healthcare students and professionals on LGBT healthcare issues.


In this paper the influence of different process parameters on surface roughness responses in plasma jet cutting process was investigated. Experimentations were conducted on shipbuilding aluminium 5083 sheet thickness 8 mm. Experimental work was performed according to Taguchi L27 orthogonal array by varying four parameters such as gas pressure, cutting speed, arc current and cutting height. Due to complexity of manufacturing process and aim to cover wide experimental space few constraints regarding cutting area were defined. Surface roughness parameters Ra and Rz were analysed as cut quality responses. In order to define mathematical model that will be able to describe effects of process parameters on surface roughness artificial intelligence (AI) fuzzy logic (FL) technique was applied. After functional relations between input parameters and surface roughness responses were defined prediction accuracy of developed fuzzy logic model was checked by comparison between experimental and predicted data. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) as well as coefficient of determination (R2) were used as validation measures. Finally, optimal process conditions that lead to minimal surface roughness were defined by creating response surface plots.


This is a review of the session Public Libraries: Serving LGBTQ Homeless Youth, presented by Julie Ann Winklestein, PhD, at the 2013 BC Library Conference.


ABSTRACT Shortened lifecycles of apparel products resulting from today's rapid fashion cycles generate significant amounts of post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) in the form of used or second-hand clothing (SHC). The majority of this waste is not repurposed or recycled, but rather discarded. The present study concentrated on creating an effective, sustainable, and 'zero-waste' solution driven by repurposing SHC using both design and production processes to achieve 100% utilisation of PCTW. The steps carried out during the year-long project demonstrated that almost 40% of used clothing waste could be repurposed as new clothing and the remaining waste could be processed further for additional use in non-apparel applications. The proposed solutions represent a closed-loop supply chain that can support new product manufacture, divert textile waste, and enable an additional stream of revenue from reclaimed apparel.


Islamic banking industry in Indonesia has developed quite rapidly in last decade. Nowadays, the Islamic bank only used differentiation strategy in order to compete with conventional bank, that is free of riba. To be able to compete between Islamic banks, they need to have appropriate segmentation strategy. There are two segmentation strategy that can be use by Islamic bank, benefit segmentation and demographic segmentation.This research is used Wedel and Kamakura (1998) segmentation based. The demographic segmentation is included in observable product specific based. And the benefit segmentation is included in unobservable product specific based. The objective of this research is to observe the relationship between demographic and benefit of Islamic bank costumer. Before that, the desire consumer benefit must be found. Factor analysis and cluster analysis are used to make the benefit segmentation. Then chi square test are used to find the relationship between these two variables. This research is conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The result is only age and occupation that have relation with the benefit segmentation.


We investigate $\eta/s$ in linear scalar fields modified Gauss-Bonnet theory that breaks translation invariance. We first calculate $\eta/s$ both analytically and numerically and show its relationship with temperature in log-log plot. Our results show that $\eta/s\sim T^2$ at low temperatures. The causality is also considered in this work. We then find that causality violation still happens in the presence of the linear scalar field and we suggest there is a Gauss-Bonnet coupling dependent lower limit for the effective mass of the graviton. If the effective mass of the graviton is big enough, then there will be no causality violation and hence no constraints for the Gauss-Bonnet coupling.


In this study, we investigated the effects of neonatal exposure to exogenous estrogen (diethylstilbestrol: DES, 17β‐estradiol: E2) on testicular gene expressions. Male C57BL/6J mice, 1 day after birth, were subcutaneously injected with DES or E2 (3 μg/mouse/day) for 5 days, and then they were raised for 8 weeks. In morphological observation of 8‐week‐old mice testes, spermatozoa were absent from many seminiferous tubules in DES‐treated mice testes, but there was no change in E2‐treated mice testes. Analysis of in‐house cDNA microarray (mouse cDNA 889 genes) revealed that 17 genes were altered in DES‐treated mice testes at 8 weeks of age, compared to each control. Real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (real‐time RT‐PCR) analysis of these genes revealed that some genes, which were changed in E2‐treated testis, were the same as in DES‐treated testis, whereas in other cases there was a difference between DES‐treated and E2‐treated testis. The present results suggest that each exogenous estrogenic compound has both a common gene expression change pattern and its own testicular gene expression change pattern. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 19–25, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Readers in the historiography of colonial south India have every reason to feel puzzled by the answers available to even the most straightforward of questions. Was the colonial conquest achieved through the imposition of 'superior' European arms, technology and ideology or was it more in the nature of an internal subversion of the pre-existing Indian state system? Did British rule fundamentally alter the structures of South Indian society or did it rest lightly on top of pre-existing structures and serve to sustain established elites? Did it undermine the hold of 'indigenous' cultures on society or did it merely scratch their surface or even did it promote their revival?


This abstract for a paper to be delivered at Cold Spring Harbor explains the conditions under which the NK-2 homeobox gene
 is expressed differently in different organisms. Results suggest that the NK-2 gene receives and integrates information and
 then generates cells that are precursors of neuroblasts.


The article searches into the iterant representation of tragedy at popular journalism, which explores violence, death and tragic at their cover pages. It also rises the hypothesis that those newspapers use the tragic and non-tragic to promote a balance and attenuate the impact caused by tragedies.


The patent system is built on the premise that patents provide an incentive for innovation by offering a limited monopoly to patentees. The inverse assumption that removing patent protection will hurt innovation has largely prevented the widespread use of compulsory licensing—the practice of allowing third parties to use patented inventions without patentee permission.... The author comments on the use of compulsory licensing to reduce the price of AIDS and other drugs for developing countries. I suggest that, based on past experience, compulsory licenses need not result in a decline in innovation and that this policy option for increasing access to medicines deserves greater exploration. De Silva, Allenson. 2002. Pharmaceutical Drugs & Health: a Critique. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Centre for Society & Religion. Granville, Brigitte. 2002. The Economics of Essential Medicines. Washington, DC : Royal Institute of International Affairs; distributed worldwide by the Brookings Institution. Leufkens H.G.M.; F.M. Haaijer-Ruskamp; and A. Bakker. 1995. The Future of Medicines in Health Care: Scenario Report (Commissioned by the Steering Committee on Future Health Scenarios; Scenario Committee on Medicine in Health Care; WHO Collaborating Center for Drugs Policy Studies). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. McGregor, Alan. 1997. "Couterfeit Drugs Flood Developing World." Lancet 350(909): 1690-1694. Pérez-Casas, Carmen and Emilia Herranz. 2001. "Pricing of Drugs and Donations: options for sustainable equity pricing." Tropical Medicine & International Health 6(11): 960-965. Abstract: Effective medicines exist to treat or alleviate many diseases which predominate in the developing world and cause high mortality and morbidity rates. Price should not be an obstacle preventing access to these medicines. Increasingly, drug donations are required of drug companies, but these are often limited in time, place or use. Measures exist which are more sustainable and will have a greater positive impact on people's health. Principally, these are encouraging generic competition; adopting into national legislation and implementing TRIPS safeguards to gain access to cheaper sources of drugs; differential pricing; creating high volume or high demand through global and regional procurement; and supporting the production of quality generic drugs by developing countries through voluntary licenses if needed, and facilitating technology transfer. Ratanawijitrasin, Sauwakon; Stephen B. Soumerai; and Krisantha Weerasuriya. 2001. "Do National Medicinal Drug Policies and Essential Drug Programs Improve Drug Use?" Social Science & Medicine 53(7): 831-844. Effective medicines exist to treat or alleviate many diseases which predominate in the developing world and cause high mortality and morbidity rates. Price should not be an obstacle preventing access to these medicines. Increasingly, drug donations are required of drug companies, but these are often limited in time, place or use. Measures exist which are more sustainable and will have a greater positive impact on people's health. Principally, these are encouraging generic competition; adopting into national legislation and implementing TRIPS safeguards to gain access to cheaper sources of drugs; differential pricing; creating high volume or high demand through global and regional procurement; and supporting the production of quality generic drugs by developing countries through voluntary licenses if needed, and facilitating technology transfer. Ratanawijitrasin, Sauwakon; Stephen B. Soumerai; and Krisantha Weerasuriya. 2001. "Do National Medicinal Drug Policies and Essential Drug Programs Improve Drug Use?" Social Science & Medicine 53(7): 831-844. Abstract: Conducts a critical review and synthesis of international literature in an attempt to define the state of knowledge regarding drug policy effects on drug use. Tests whether the development of national policies and regulations by the governments of developing countries increase the affordability, supply safety and rational use of pharmaceuticals. Conducts a critical review and synthesis of international literature in an attempt to define the state of knowledge regarding drug policy effects on drug use. Tests whether the development of national policies and regulations by the governments of developing countries increase the affordability, supply safety and rational use of pharmaceuticals. R E V I E W D I G E S T : H U M A N R I G H T S & H E A L T H 114 Stokes, Bruce. 2003. "It's All About the Medicine." National Journal 35(29): 2368-2370. This article presents an effort to dispel myths about the problems developing countries have in accessing low cost drugs. In doing so the article describes why the U.S. is deadlocked with the international community on important parts of the agenda of the upcoming Doha round of talks. Weissman R. 1999. "AIDS Drugs for Africa." Multinational Monitor 20(September): 9-14. Documents the course of the dispute between the U.S. government and the South African government over providing affordable drugs to the poor. Interestingly, the article argues that South Africa and many other African nations are rendered politically and domestically unstable from high AIDS coupled with unaffordable drug therapies. The conclusion is that the laws and practices of major drug exporting countries such as the U.S. are used by pharmaceutical companies to profit at the expense of developing countries and their populations. Winestock, Geoff and Helene Cooper. 2001. "Activists Outmaneuver Drug Makers at WTO." Wall Street Journal Eastern Edition (November 14): A2. World Health Organization. 1999. Marketing Authorization of Pharmaceutical Products With Special Reference to Multisource (Generic) Products: a Manual for a Drug Regulatory Authority. Geneva: World Health Organization. Company Relations With Developing Countries "Drug Makers Hope to Profit From WTO Decision on Medications." 2003. Health & Medicine Week (October 27): 331-334. Abstract: Reports on the efforts of the Brazil-based drug maker Cristalia Acquisition Corp. to try to profit from the World Trade Organization's agreement allowing impoverished nations to import copied patented medicines to fight killer diseases. Benefits of the agreement for the company; Background of Cristalia; Criticism over the ability of Brazil to produce enough generic drugs for countries that need them. Global Partnerships: Humanitarian Programs of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Developing Nations. 2003. Washington, D.C.: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America. < http://world.phrma.org/global.partnership.2003.pdf.> Reports on the efforts of the Brazil-based drug maker Cristalia Acquisition Corp. to try to profit from the World Trade Organization's agreement allowing impoverished nations to import copied patented medicines to fight killer diseases. Benefits of the agreement for the company; Background of Cristalia; Criticism over the ability of Brazil to produce enough generic drugs for countries that need them. Global Partnerships: Humanitarian Programs of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Developing Nations. 2003. Washington, D.C.: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America. < http://world.phrma.org/global.partnership.2003.pdf.> "Pharmaceutical Company Honored With First Ever Pro Bono Partner Award." 2003. Biotech Week: 14. This article highlights the growing number of U.S. pharmaceutical companies that perform pro bono work fusing the talents of public and private enterprises. Reports on the presentation of CorporateProBono.Org's (CPBO) Pro Bono Partner Award to Abbott Laboratories (ABT) Inc. recognizing its work with Baker and McKenzie and the Midwest Immigrant and Human Rights Center to provide legal counseling to immigrants and career counseling to high school students. H U M A N R I G H T S & H U M A N W E L F A R E 115 "Pilot Program Launched to Expand Access to Medicines in Poorest Countries." 2003. AIDS Weekly (February 17): 16-18. Reports on the launch of a pilot program for expanding access to needed medicines for AIDSinfected people in developing countries by Pharmacia Corp. Also highlights the partnership of the company with International Dispensary Association Foundation to grant non-exclusive licenses to generic pharmaceutical companies for AIDS drug Delavirdine. "Progress Reported in Cutting AIDS Drug Prices for Poor Nations." 2003. AIDS Weekly (February 17): 35-37. Reports on the progress made by global business leaders in making cheaper AIDS drugs available in developing countries. Information covered includes a grant announcement by founder of Microsoft Corp. Bill Gates, for funding such medical researches in developing countries; concerns of the U.S. pharmaceutical companies over the protection of drug patents in these nations; reason why charitable institutions have to work really hard in developing countries. Agrawal, Madhu. 1999. Global Competitiveness in the Pharmaceutical Industry: the Effect of National Regulatory, Economic, and Market Factors. New York: Haworth Press. Bale, Harvey E. "Are International Pharmaceutical Companies Doing Enough to Provide Low-Cost AIDS Drugs to Developing Countries?" International Debates 1(4): 108-113. Presents the author's views in favor of international pharmaceutical companies' steps in providing low-cost AIDS drugs in developing countries. Role of pharmaceutical company in developing effective drugs to prevent the disease; Pricing policy followed by pharmaceutical company while subsidizing drugs for AIDS. Brugha, Ruairi. 2003. "Antiretroviral Treatment in Developing Countries: the Peril of Neglecting Private Providers." British Medical Journal; International Edition 326(7403): 1382. Abstract: Increased access to antiretroviral drugs is vital to maintain developing countries with high rates of HIV infection. But unless treatment is properly controlled, these drugs could rapidly become useless. Note: The increasing problem of de


This report describes the basis of radiation sterilization of medical utensils in Denmark and of the choice of dose for sterilization at RisG of dis posable equipment of dry plastic. The possibilities of establishing general criteria for efficient steri lization by comparison with autoclaving are dealt with. A description is given of the selection of test strains and test pieces for use in fixing the dose for sterilization of a particular.category of uten sils and in controlling the microbiological effect of the irradiation. The possibilities of continuous control of disposable equipment based on counting of the micro-organisms present on the equipment prior to irra diation are discussed. Such day-to-day control must bo assumed to warrant a reduction of the routine dose below the minimum of 4.5 Mrad used in Den mark for dry plastic equipment.


Introduction: Chagas' disease (CD) is an endemic infection in American continent, whose etiologic agent is a protozoan called Trypanosoma cruzi, which are a hematophagous triatomines vectors described. Such anthropozoonosis may occur in two phases, acute and chronic stages. Transmission may occur by through oral, vector, transfusion, transplant or congenital ways. Methods: It is a descriptive study with information from DATASUS-SINAN database about confirmed cases of acute Chagas disease in the period between 2007 to 2017. Results: In the time frame described, there were 303 confirmed cases in the city of Belém (144 cases in males and 159 in females), among which 60.7% had showed the initial symptoms between the months of August and November. 229 cases have reported oral transmission as a probable form of infection, of which 61.5% had the first symptoms between the months previously mentioned. Of the total cases with probably oral transmission, 228 cases were confirmed by laboratory methods; 169 individuals were brown, 3 black and 20 white and 37 "ignored/blank"; likewise, 209 individuals evolved with improvement in the condition, 4 evolved to death due to the notified condition, 1 evolved to death due to another cause Brazilian Journal of health Review Braz. J. Hea. Rev., Curitiba, v. 3, n. 4, p. 9117-9127 jul./aug. 2020. ISSN 2595-6825 9119 and 15 "Ignored/Blank". Conclusion: Furthermore, despite the large number of cases, it is clear that the death rate is increasingly low, being a positive point for the scientific community, showing that there is possible a quickly detection of possible active cases of the disease Chagas' disease and effective treatment in the main health centers in the municipality of Belém.


120 packages of ground beef (40 each of fresh, frozen and frozen with Soya bean) were examined for the incidence of Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella and E. coli. The incidence of Enterobacteriaceae was 100%, 75% and 87% in fresh, frozen and frozen with Soya ground beef respectively; and the mean counts were 6.3x104cfu/g, 1.4x102cfu/g and 1.6x103cfu/g respectively. E. coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens and Serratia liquefaiens could be isolated from fresh ground beef; Proteus vulgaries, E. coli and Enterobacter sakazakii was isolated from frozen ground beef, while in case of frozen ground beefwith Soya bean Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus vulgaries, Citrobacter freundii, E. coli and Pantoea a    gglomerans was isolated. The incidence of E. coli was 60%, 35%, 48% in fresh, frozen and frozen ground beef with Soya bean respectively. The incidence of Salmonellawas 0%, 10%, 15% in fresh, frozen and frozen ground beef with Soya bean respectively. E. coli strains were serologically identified into 20 O-typable strains and 37 O- untypable strains. The 20 O-typable strains were identified as O86, O119, O158 ,O145 and O115 .


The current study examined the incremental utility of rating scales, a structured diagnostic interview, and multiple informants in a comprehensive assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The sample included 185 children with ADHD (Mage = 9.22, SD = 0.95) and 82 children without ADHD (Mage = 9.24, SD = 0.88). Logistic regressions were used to examine the incremental contribution of each method within an assessment of ADHD. Results indicated that information collected from a structured diagnostic interview was unable to significantly improve a prediction model including parent and teacher ratings (Block χ2 = 0.91, ρ = .64). Teacher ratings on symptom-based scales resulted in significant model improvement beyond parent ratings alone (Block χ2 = 48.47, ρ < .001). Exploratory analyses indicated that using behavioral rating scales correctly classified all participants by diagnosis. Clinical implications are highlighted, and future research directions are discussed.


Blood stream infection (BSI) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Blood stream infections range from selflimiting infections to life threatening sepsis, which requires rapid and appropriate antimicrobial treatment. Hence periodic monitoring of blood culture isolates and determination of susceptibility to antibiotics are necessary to improve the empirical therapy (Chitralekha et al., 2015). Many bacterial pathogens have developed resistance to most of the antibiotics; it has become a serious health problem with many economic and social inferences all over the worlds (Jo Ann, 2009). Many bacteria have been reported which cause bacteraemia with variation in distribution from place to place (Gohel et al., 2014). Rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the causative agents of bloodstream infections are the most important tasks of the clinical microbiology laboratory, that provide essential information to clinicians for selecting appropriate antimicrobial therapy for patients with bloodstream infections (Lupetti et al., 2009). Automated blood culture system is non invasive continuous monitoring technology that reduces the time International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 5 (2017) pp. 2271-2278 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Thank you very much for reading endophytic fungi in grasses and woody plants systematics ecology and evolution. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this endophytic fungi in grasses and woody plants systematics ecology and evolution, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their laptop.


As our reliance on renewable energy sources grows, so too does our need to store this energy to mitigate against troughs in supply. Energy storage in batteries or by conversion to chemical fuels are the two most flexible and scalable options, but are normally considered mutually exclusive. Energy storage solutions that can act as both batteries and fuel generation devices (depending on the requirements of the user) could therefore revolutionize the up-take and use of renewably-generated energy. Herein, we present a polyoxoanion, [P2W 18O62]6−, that can be reversibly reduced and protonated by 18 electrons/H+ per anion in aqueous solution, and which can act either as a high-performance redox flow battery electrolyte (giving a practical discharged energy density of 225 Wh L−1 with a theoretical energy density of more than 1000 Wh L−1), or as a mediator in an electrolytic cell for the on-demand generation of hydrogen.


Lignocellulosic biomasses (LCB) are sustainable and abundantly available feedstocks for the production of biofuel and biochemicals via suitable bioconversion processing. The main aim of this review is to focus on strategies needed for the progression of viable lignocellulosic biomass-based biorefineries (integrated approaches) to generate biofuels and biochemicals. Processing biomass in a sustainable manner is a major challenge that demands the accomplishment of basic requirements relating to cost effectiveness and environmental sustainability. The challenges associated with biomass availability and the bioconversion process have been explained in detail in this review. Limitations associated with biomass structural composition can obstruct the feasibility of biofuel production, especially in mono-process approaches. In such cases, biorefinery approaches and integrated systems certainly lead to improved biofuel conversion. This review paper provides a summary of mono and integrated approaches, their limitations and advantages in LCB bioconversion to biofuel and biochemicals.


Over the last decade, with its developed digital economy and powerful linguistic area of influence, Russia has become a major player in cyberspace. It is using this new form of power to extend its major contemporary geopolitical positions over the networks. The focus of this paper is the territorial representations and rivalries aroused and fed by Russian cyberspace. In particular, it demonstrates that digital networks are an important amplifier for issues affecting the post-Soviet universe as a whole.


Economic transformations carried out in Russia, social processes and constant migratory exchange between Russia and former republics USSR have generated steady interest to history of the Russian emigration. The Russian emigration has played a significant role as for culture, art, a science of foreign countries, and has generated the wide market of manpower and has taken part in economic development of some regions. Last decade scientific research of various problems of history of the Russian abroad in our country has made appreciable steps forward.


Supply chain management has been given so much attention that various technologies and concepts have been applied to improving and optimising supply chain performance. However, failures in supply chain management are still not uncommon in today's industries. One important reason is the failure to sort di!erent products into categories related to appropriate supply chain management strategies. Qualitative analyses on the characteristics of products and their impacts on supply chain performance have been reported in the literature. Whereas quantitative analysis of matching products to supply chain strategies has so far not been su$cient to assist decision-making signi"cantly in supply chain management. This paper is focused on a quantitative analysis to match types of products to supply chains based on a mathematical model. Using a multiple objective optimisation model, a sensitivity analysis has been conducted to detect variance of performance in relation to three typical supply chain strategies (manufacturing to order, manufacturing from stocks and manufacturing to stocks), and based on di!erent product characteristics (value-adding and demand uncertainty). The model is particularly designed for evaluating performance of supply chain strategies with the product characteristics mentioned above. The analytic results disclosed some quantitative relationships between the performance of the supply chain strategies and product attributes, which could provide assistance to decision making on operational and strategic supply chain management. 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Abstract This article presents background information on the growth, productivity, and unique focus of nonprofit housing producers and discusses the various government and private initiatives that support this sector. The article also explores the strengths and weaknesses of for‐profit and nonprofit organizations in developing and owning subsidized rental housing and questions the cost‐effectiveness of pursuing one strategy or the other and the long‐term viability of projects developed by each type of sponsor. Answers, however, are far from conclusive. Effective housing production and long‐term ownership of subsidized housing require the developer to address at least 12 broad areas of concern. In some, nonprofits appear to have the advantage, while in others, for‐profit developers generally have the edge. Nonprofits and for‐profits can join together in partnership arrangements, and some of the key requirements for such efforts are discussed. Recommendations for policy changes to enhance the role of nonprofit organizations are offered.


This paper presents a novel EKF(Extended Kalman Filter) based SLAM(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) system for stable camera tracking and re-localization. The obtained 3D points by SLAM are triangulated using Delaunay triangulation to establish a reference plane, and features are described by BRISK(Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints). The proposed method estimates the camera parameters from the homography of the reference plane when the tracking errors of EKF SLAM are much accumulated. Using the robust descriptors over sequence enables us to re-localize the camera position for matching over sequence even though the camera is moved abruptly.


The general objective of the thesis is to analyze the incentives that transnational corporations have to internationalize its operations; in addition it has as specific objectives to describe the environment in which Brazilian transnational corporations execute their process of international expansion and to identify the policy and governmental agencies that support Brazilian direct investment. To achieve that, the thesis takes into account the emergence of transnational corporations in the international environment, presenting the favorable points of this process for both the corporations and the states, approaching this theoretical matter for the specific case of Brazil. Sequentially, we analyze the external sector of Brazil as well as the rationale behind its transnational corporations and the policy of the Brazilian state. Finally, a multicases qualitative analysis is done regarding the incentives which transnational corporations have to expand its operations internationally. Key-words: Brazil, Internationalization, BNDES, Transnational corporations, Petrobras, Weg, JBS, Embraer, Gerdau, Foreign Direct Investment.


A new conjugated polymer with semiconducting characteristics – polyaminothiazole – was obtained by oxidative polymerization of 2-aminothiazole in the presence of iron(III) chloride. A reaction scheme is proposed on the basis of the data from IR, ESR, and electronic spectroscopy. It involves the formation of an intermediate aminothiazole–FeCl3 complex with coordination of the initiator at the nitrogen atom and subsequent oxidation of another molecule of aminothiazole by this complex with the formation of a radical-cation, leading to polymerization.


Huang Daozhou's 62 Fu written by taking off all the 25 Chu CI indicates his complex showing respect to Qu Yuan.He imitated and innovated,so his Fu had the style of Sao and his own features.In his Fu,he brought back Qu Yuan's brilliant image and expressed his own emotion.Huang Daozhou really pushed the parodized writing since the Han Dynasty to a new stage,echoing hes own feelings with Qu Yuan's.


Abstract:In the animation of The Rabbi's Cat by Joann Sfar and Antoine Delesvaux (2011), the speaking feline protagonist translates ideas between species and ethnicities, blurring lines of demarcation between animals and humans, and pointing the viewer in the direction of French ecocritics who exhort us to reinvent these lines (Bailly, Lestel). In examining agency, conditions, the politics of speech, and the gift, this article explores the proliferation of the-hybrid (Latour) that dissolves the limits between subject and object while articulating two fields of study: postcolonial Maghrebi studies and ecocriticism.


Background: This study aimed to observe the clinical effects of Xiao-xian decoction combined with acupoint application therapy (AAT) for treating pediatric adenoid hypertrophy (AH). Methods: We randomly divided 93 AH children into 3 groups: AAT alone; Xiao-xian decoction + AAT; control: Montelukast oral therapy. All participants were treated for a month. We used the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score to evaluate the clinical efficacy and the obstructive sleep apnea-18 scale to evaluate the quality of life. Results: The major symptoms (nasal congestion, open mouth breathing, snoring, and tongue image) and secondary symptoms of patients treated with Xiao-xian decoction + AAT significantly improved compared to before treatment. The pairwise comparison between groups showed that snoring, tongue, secondary symptoms, and total effective rate of the combined treatment group were better than the control and AAT alone. Additionally, the open-mouth breathing, quality of life, and recurrence rate did not differ after treatment. Conclusion: Oral Xiao-xian decoction combined with AAT significantly improved the symptoms and signs of nasal congestion, open-mouth breathing, snoring, tongue, and quality of life of AH children and may be used as a long-term treatment for AH.


Earthquake action is often a major factor of bridge design controlling for large span concrete continuous girder bridge in high seismic risk zone. It is a vexed question for engineers to choose a reasonable seismic isolation design. A three span continuous girder bridge(3 × 30m) in Quan Zhou is analyzed in this paper. Finite element model is built with double spherical aseismic bearing,lead rubber bearing( LRB) and cable-sliding friction aseismic bearing(CSFAB) respectively. The isolation effect of different bearings is studied by nonlinear time history analysis. Results indicate that,CSFAB can not only reduce the internal force at the bottom of the pier,but also have great advantages in controlling the relative displacement between girder and pier. Thus CSFAB is adequate to meet the demands of structural seismic performance.


Abstract This paper analyzes the open question of the convergence of the DFP algorithm with inexact line searches. We prove that the DFP algorithm is convergent for quadratic uniformly convex function with commonly used inexact line searches.


Jsospoi-a. buteonis Hent-y 1932 was considered the probable cause of death in an American kestrel (Falco Sparveius) and a possible cause of death in a golden eagle (Aquila c/trysaetos) in the state of Washington, U.S.A. I. buteonis has been m-epom'ted only ft'onm the western past of Nom'th America. It resembles 1. higemina in size, in location and sporulation of oocysts beneath the intestinal epithmeliumn, and in fragility of the oocyst wall.


The utility model relates to a cloth guiding device capable of automatically stentering and correcting, which comprises a left box body, a right box body and a beam, wherein the left box and the right box body are arranged on a cloth guide device frame; the beam is welded with the left and the right box bodies; the cloth guide device further comprises a stentering component, a tensioning wheel component and a centering component, wherein the stentering component comprises three stentering rolls parallelly arranged on the inner sides of the left and the right box bodies through a bearing; the stentering component is driven through the tensioning wheel component; the centering component is arranged on the beam and comprises a centering roll composed of an upper smooth roll and a lower rubber roll, hanging arms, a connecting rod, a cylinder and a grating detector; the centering roll is supported on a duplex bearing pedestal through a bearings; the duplex bearing pedestal is connected with the hanging arms; the hanging arms are movably connected to the beam; the connecting rod is arranged on one of the hanging arms and is connected to the output shaft of the cylinder; the cylinder is supported on the box body through a cylinder block; and the grating detector is arranged below the centering roll. The utility model can automatically complete the wrinkle removing, stentering, centered cloth feeding, and fabric edge controlling, and is suitable for high-accurate cloth guiding positioning requirement of the fabric of various technological equipment.


Internet History In the late 60's, the department of defense in the United States conducted an experimental project in wide-area-networking called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) [1]. In 1969, the first ARPANET computer connected to a node at UCLA and by the end of the year, three other schools were connected to the network [1] Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, and the University of Utah [2]. "All the computers used different operating systems and they were able to talk to each other across the network" [2]. As the years progressed, the network included research institutes, laboratories [1], and other schools [2]. ARPANET also adopted TCP/IP data transmission protocol and became an essential tool for communication [1].


Upon the signing of the Oslo Accords, the international community was committed to significantly boosting financial aid to the Palestinians, with an explicit
desire to support the peace process. The creation of favorable conditions were then desired to enhance (economic) interests, respective and mutual,
of the two belligerents (and more generally of other actors in the region), which serve as foundations for peace. The outbreak of the 2nd Intifada caused
disillusionment among the architects of this process, especially in regards to the scope of the benefits of driven economic dynamics on peace efforts. The
range of economic policies will be refined to better identify their needs and better meet them. In order to keep the hope of saving the peace, it will be better
to distribute its dividends. We will report in our communication on the evolution of the economic policies in the occupied Palestinian territories, discourses
and practices, as in part the result of their necessary adaptation to keep the hope of saving the peace process. This will allow us to start thinking about the
relationship between political and economic fields in what we call the political economy of peace process.


In the crystal structure of the title compound, C24H29BN2, the coordination around both the B and N atoms is distorted tetrahedral. The five-membered ring adopts an envelope conformation, with the flap atom, B, displaced by 0.629 (6) A from the plane of the other four atoms.


An ideal network troubleshooting system would be an almost fully automated system, monitoring the whole network at once, feeding the results to a knowledge-based decision making system that suggests actions to the operator or corrects the failure automatically. Reality is quite the contrary: operators separated in their offices try to track down complex networking failures in their own way, which is generally a long sequence of manually edited parallel shell commands (mostly ping, traceroute, route, iperf, ofctl etc.). This process requires operators to be "masters of complexity" (which they often are) and continuous interaction. In this paper we aim at narrowing this huge gap between vision and reality by introducing a modular framework capable of (i) formalizing troubleshooting processes as the concatenation of executable functions [called Troubleshooting Graphs (TSGs)], (ii) executing these graphs via an interpreter, (iii) evaluating and navigating between the outputs of the functions and (iv) sharing troubleshooting know-hows in a formalized manner.


Clostridium saudiense (formerly as C. saudii) is a spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive bacillus, first identified by Angelakis, et al. [1] from the stool of an obese 24-year-old Saudi individual and named C. saudii. As C. saudii was not a validly published name, the bacterium was later renamed C. saudiense [2]. Extensive culturomics studies of stool samples from healthy individuals have indicated that C. saudiense is a commensal bacterium colonizing the human intestinal tract [3-5]. To date, no apparent infections caused by C. saudiense have been re-ported. We report the first case of C. saudiense bacteremia. The Institutional Review Board (IRB)