Because of a lot of merit that it is easy to synthesize、reserve and modify compared with specific antibody, aptamer display higher specificity and affinity with target molecular. Therefore, SELEX technology has been widely used in therapeutics research ,showing better application prospect. Aptamers may be useful in the treatment of a variety of human diseases including infectious illness,cancer and cardiovascular diseases.


The current study compared the level of satisfaction beauty students felt with their major to the amount of career preparation they had engaged in to determine if there were any correlations between satisfaction and preparation. A total of 235 university students majoring in beauty living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do were given a questionnaire pertaining to both level of satisfaction with their major and amount of career preparation. A frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability verification, one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and simple regression analysis were conducted. Results indicated that amongst beauty students, satisfaction with their major choice positively impacted career identity, a sub-factor of career choice behavior. Additional analysis revealed that as satisfaction with their major increased, career exploration among beauty students was higher, indicating a positive effect of major satisfaction on the exploration sub-factor of career preparation behavior. Within the factor of career preparation behavior, the sub-factor of career decision was positively correlated with satisfaction with major choice. Taken together, findings from this study suggest that among students who pursue beauty as their major, satisfaction with the educational content in major subjects is positively impacted by amicable professor-student relationships, peer relationships, senior-junior relationships, external and internal brand awareness of the university and major, and vision of the future of the beauty industry.


Based on the observational data as well as data of satellite, NCEP reanalysis and moist potential vortex, the heavy rainfall event that occurred away from the outer cycle of tropical depression Kaemi (No.0605) on July 27, 2006 in Shandong Peninsula has been analyzed. The results show that there are three severe convective cloud clusters during the heavy rainfall. The uprightness of coupling pattern between upper-layer jet and low jet and a divergence area, which appeared in the right of upper-layer jet, provided favorable environmental conditions for convective cloud clusters. The strong convective weather happens over the prefrontal warm sector and the storm rainfall mainly distributes in the front of a high-energy area. Positive vorticity distribution and transportation of warm advection in low levels provide dynamic and thermal conditions for the rainstorm. The spatial-temporal evolvements of physical variable fields and MPV2 as the horizontal component of moist potential vorticity show that the rain intensity change is determined by upper and low level jets and the area of MPV20 occurs at the front of the low jet cores.


The North Atlantic Treaty Organization has been the most robust alliance in the world, with deeply institutionalized processes, yet it has faced significant problems in running the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. Specifically, the coalition effort has been plagued by the problem of caveats; restrictions on what coalition militaries can and cannot do. Caveats have diminished the alliance's overall effectiveness and created resentment within the coalition from countries that must bear a greater share of the burden as a result. In this article, we review key limitations facing military contingents operating in Afghanistan. We deploy a "bifocal" approach toward understanding the variations in caveats among and between contributing countries. One lens focuses on how ISAF member states structure their civil- military institutions. The second lens focuses on the past experiences of decision-makers directing each country's military operation. To demonstrate the utility of "bifocals," we briefly compare the cases of Canada, France and Germany. Finally, we conclude with implications for both research and NATO's future. Acknowledgements: The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council has funded much of this project as has the Canada Research Chair program, including the very helpful research assistance of Bronwen De Sena, Sarah-Myriam Martin-Brule, Jenyfer Maisonneuve, Mark Mattner, Ora Szekely, and Lauren Van Den Berg. Portions of this research were funded by the U.S. Department of Defense. We owe a great many debts to people in Canada, the U.S., France and Germany for helping to set up and participate in interviews. We are very grateful for


Introduction Supported cobalt catalysts have been widely employed for Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis of long chain hydrocarbons from Syngas [1]. Cobalt has certain advantages over iron or ruthenium as a catalyst, such as longer catalytic life time, less water-gas-shift activity and production of a modified product. As with many supported transition metal catalysts, the structure and catalytic properties of supported cobalt catalysts can be affected by cobalt loading, support, preparation method and pretreatment conditions. Numerous studies have focused on the pretreatment effects on the supported cobalt catalysts [2-10]. Calleja et al. [7] investigated the pretreatment effects on the Fischer-Tropsch reaction over a Co/HZSM-5 catalyst, and found that the calcination and reduction temperatures did not have an effect on the catalyst activity. The results obtained by Rathousky et al.[9], however, revealed that the pretreatment conditions had a significant effect on the catalytic properties of Co/Al2O3 and Co/SiO2 catalysts. Turnover frequency (TOF) for the F-T reaction decreased with increasing calcination temperature for both Co/Al2O3 and Co/SiO2. However, the total reaction rate increased for Co/Al2O3 while it decreased for Co/SiO2 [8-10]. Belambe et al. [11] studied the pretreatment effects on the activity of a Ru-promoted Co/Al2O3 catalyst for F-T reaction. The calcination temperature was found to have a pronounced effect on the overall activity of the catalyst, but not on TOF. The reduction temperature had only a negligible effect on the overall activty and TOF. The pretreatment effects on cobalt supported on titania have not prevously been reported in the literature. A previous investigation into the effect of boron on Co/TiO2 catalysts indicated that boron decreases the reducibility of a Co/TiO2 catalyst [12]. In parallel, the total CO hydrogenation rate was decreased by the addition of boron. TOF, however, was not affected by boron. In this study, the pretreatment effects on the catalytic properties of the boron-modified Co/TiO2 catalyst were investigated. TPR, H2 chemisorption and O2 titration have also been used to check the pretreatment effects on the reducibility and dispersion of the catalyst.


Gandhara, an area that welcomed Buddhism and where the earliest monasteries are found from the late third century BC, was also a 'land of immigration'.1 With the aim of converting the Greco-Iranian peoples to Buddhism, the dignitaries in charge of these provinces under Asoka had identified in Greek and Aramaic vocabulary equivalents of Hindu or Buddhist themes. But the Gandhara Buddhists seem not to have continued this attempt to translate their sacred texts into Greek, Aramaic and probably Middle Iranian. On the other hand the Buddhists from Bactrian, Sogdian and Xinjiang translated the great texts of Buddhism from Sanskrit into the indigenous languages. It was from these translations and also from the Sanskrit originals that the first translators of Buddhism,the Parthians (An Shigao,An Xuan), Yuezhi (Zhi Loujiazhan, Zhi Qian), and Sogdians (Kang Mengxiang, Kang Ju, Kang Senghui), started to spread the impressive Buddhist canon through the Empire of the Middle Kingdom. The literary activity of these interpreters – who had come from the Iranian world – extends from the middle of the second century to the first decade of the third. However, the development of popular Buddhism in the various regions of the empire, the rise of local beliefs and cults, the way doctrine was taught to the illiterate population, the social and economic functions of the Church in rural communities encountered the obstacle of language. Only a few foreign monks had reasonable Chinese, and before the fourth century no Chinese were thought to know Sanskrit. Hence the importance of the monks from the 'Iranian world', who acted as intermediaries between India and China. The introduction of Buddhism into China is directly related to trade. Non-Chinese Buddhists were merchants, refugees, envoys and hostages. The first translator of Buddhist texts, and also the first propagandist for the doctrine of the Buddha in China, was the Parthian An Shigao. An Shigao, the 'Marquess of An', the Parthian lord, arrived in the year 148


The study area in this paper,the reservoir area of a hydropower station located on the upstream of the Jinshajiang River,is characterized by high relief and inaccessibility.ETM+ and SPOT-5 Pan are used as the remote sensing data source.However,the spatial resolution of SPOT-5 Pan is much higher than that of ETM+ multi-spectral images,and therefore,a suitable fusing method should be selected to fuse SPOT-5 Pan with ETM+ images to obtain a fused image with high spatial and spectral resolutions.In this paper,a comparison has been made between various fusing methods,including IHS,Brovey and PCA transformation methods.Subjective appraisal and horizontal spectral profile have been adopted to assess the quality of the fused images.Also field survey has been taken to find the interpretation veracity.


This research was aimed to reveal the understanding of corruption by Malang City people as the conscious understanding from expressions or statements. These diverse meanings become an important subject matter for evaluation and composition of anti-corruption programs based on effective communication. This research methodology was interpretive phenomenology. The results showed various meanings for term "corruption". It meant as: 1) taking something or rights that belong to others, that one was not rightfully entitled; 2) behaviors that were encouraged by impulses of personal wishes or desires due to greed, conducted by actors that lack sincerity in what they do as well as good character; 3) taking away public rights for private interests; 4) obtaining personal gains by utilizing existing authority to detriment of others; 5) behaviors usually conducted by political elite; 6) same as theft or stealing but conducted by a perpetrator or the groups. These understandings of corruption among the people were understood through three fundamental questions in revealing the understanding of corruption by people. The fundamental questions involved how corruption occurs, what were the motives of corruption, and who were the corruption actors. Researchers concluded that understanding of corruption among the people was very diverse because it was determined by conscious understanding of each individual; the reveal of these meanings of corruption would make it easier to place them within educative measures for people by related instances, unifying equal meanings in an anti-corruption program based on effective communication referring to normative standards. Keywords : Corruption, Culture, Meaning, Gadamer.


Global trends in the development of modern electrical devices include also eco-friendly demands. One of the areas is seen in environmentally friendly batteries (electrochemical power sources) which do not contain poisonous and heavy metals. Modern structures based on coated textile materials are an alternative to the current all-metal electrodes. The use of environmentally friendly metals often entails the necessity to apply multiple layers of metals, which negatively affects the lifetime of the electrodes and battery cells. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the design and manufacture of monometallic textile electrodes for "green" batteries, i.e. the use of ecological technologies for eco-friendly electronics, especially the new-generation electrochemical power sources. The proposed technological processes were verified by realization of specimens and measurement in laboratory conditions with good results. Industrially applicable technologies were used for applying a thick monometallic deposit to create the specimens. This will allow future mass production and deployment in electrical engineering applications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.20.8.8434


In this paper we analyze the motion of charged particles under the influence of a quadratic velocity dependent frictional force inside a vacuum tube diode. Our study is performed by using the adiabatic approximation that allows for exact analytic solutions for the case of weak damping. The expressions obtained for the space charge limited current reduce to the well known Child-Langmuir law under the adiabatic approximation when the dissipation parameter goes to zero.


The reservoirs of the SOngliao Basin are composed of typical unstable sandstones,with high percentages of volcanic fragments and feldspar,In the course of sedimentation and burying,a series of physical and chemical reactions took place between minerals and pore water and water-rock reactions and ion exchange caused changes in ion assemblage of pore water,Hydration-hydrolysis,dissolution and the albitization of feldspar made many ions free from their framework and inter into the pore water,and induced the precipitation of a large amount of authigenic minerals such as smectite and chlorite,During the diagenesis of sandstone.diagenetic reactions involved several stages with increasing depth,and so did the precipitation of authigenic minerals and the transformaiton of minerals.The migration of ions is related with the precipitation,transformation and dissolution of authigenic minerals.Thus,to deepen our study on sandstone diagenesis is an important link for the analysis of ion migration in the evolution of pore water ,the origin and evolution of pore water could be tracked in terms of the geochemistry of fluid inclusions in authigenic minerals.And the isotopic composition of the authigenic mineral calcite can provide its genetic information.


Derivatives were introduced in Indian financial market to reduce volatility in the spot market. The present study attempts to study the impact of derivatives on stock market volatility. In the present study, data have been taken for Nifty Index for a period from 01-01-1996 to 05-02-2016. For analyzing the impact of introduction of derivatives on Nifty Index Volatility, we have taken proxy variable of Nifty Junior Index and Standard & Poor's 500 (S & P 500) Index returns. The data have also been classified into pre-futures (introduced on 12-06-2000) and post-futures and pre-options (introduced on 04-06-2001) and post-options period. The results show that volatility has reduced after introduction of futures and options.


Attention to Arabic translations that went eastward can uncover neglected connections and exchanges of stories. One such instance is the Malay Alexander Romance, Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain, translated from the Arabic version of Pseudo-Callisthenes' Greek Alexander Romance. This Islamicization of the Alexander Romance also incorporates elements of Greek culture found elsewhere, such as Homer, suggesting a cultural bridging of east and west through traveling textual elements and stories that could be seen as accretionary globalism. These elements are global souvenirs, with varied origins, incorporated into a different Islamic and Southeast Asian mosaic. Such global souvenirs also come in the form of references to global religions, including, aside from Islam, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and Buddhism. The wide-ranging travels of the hero Iskandar bridges east and west, as he travels to the edges of the world, the Maghrib and Andalusia in the west and China in the east. In these travels, foreign elements are akin to global souvenirs collected and then assimilated into a larger frame that also is adapted to its new Southeast Asian context. The accretionary globalism of Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain, which assimilates narrative elements cross-culturally, takes as its perspective the world itself, promiscuously crossing boundaries of nation, language, and faith.


Abstract This paper interrogates the concept of opportunity. Opportunity programs provide access to educational services and assist students to overcome barriers. However, the language governing them constricts and controls both the programs and staff–student relationships. A Foucauldian analysis of the regulations governing a federally funded program reveals how they produce a "discourse of disadvantage." Understanding the disadvantaged underside of opportunity brings subjugated knowledge to light, so we will better serve students in their wholeness.


Abstract When Lord Kitchener ordered Sir Ian Hamilton in 1915 to command land operations on Gallipoli he gave him a solitary old One Inch map and denied him any air forces. When Winston Churchill had earlier sent the Royal Navy to break through to the Black Sea, he had ensured that the Royal Naval Division withdrawn from fighting on the Western Front was accompanied by a Naval Air Squadron as its forward reconnaissance element. Ernest Dowson, the Surveyor General of Egypt, appointed to provide local mapping support, soon convinced the Naval pilots of the value of air photography taken systematically to meet his map-making requirements. In September 1915 Dowson wrote a Secret technical report demonstrating for the first time to British Commanders the practicality of mapping from specified aeroplane photographs of the operational area.


The new economy is a technological revolution involving the information and communication technologies which affects almost all aspects of the economy, business, and our personal lives, and specially the conditions for the growth of nations. The goal of this article is to explain the impact of the new economy on the productivity growth. Special attention is given to the empirical evidence since 1995 on the causes of the labor and total factor productivity growth.


A mode theory is developed for image reconstruction by volume holograms allowing for nonlinearity of the photographic process. An analysis is made of cases of two possible types of reference wave: coded (i.e., with small-scale inhomogeneities) and plane. Expressions obtained for the diffraction efficiency can be used to study the spectral and angular selectivity, influence of shrinkage, polarization and other properties of volume holograms allowing for nonlinearity of the photographic process. Optimal intensities of the reference and object waves which can give the maximum diffraction efficiency are determined. The properties of superposed hologram recordings are investigated.


Abstract This study is part of a growing wave of interest in foreign language (FL) learners' emotions, their sources, and their effects. Previous studies have confirmed that there is a clear relationship between the emotions of foreign language enjoyment (FLE), foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA), foreign language boredom (FLB), and foreign language performance. However, the relative importance of each emotion as a predictor of FL performance has yet to be examined, and as different teaching and learning strategies can elicit different emotions, it is difficult to determine whether FL teachers and learners should prioritize a specific emotion in course design and study. We, therefore, utilized structural equation modeling and latent dominance analysis on a sample of 502 Moroccan EFL learners in order to examine the relative importance of each emotion in predicting FL performance. We argue that it is crucial to use sophisticated statistical analyses and to collect samples from outside Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) countries. The latent dominance analysis revealed that FLCA had the strongest (negative) effect on English test scores. FLB had a significant—but slightly weaker—negative effect and FLE had a significant—but weaker still—positive effect. As such, it is vital that FL teachers and learners not underestimate the impact of anxiety on language learning.


Building multiple representations is one of the key problems in GIS. To tackle this problem, we have chosen to connect geographic data from mono-scale representations to build a multi-scale database with scale-transition relationships. These scale-transition relationships connect two sets of elements (classes, types or objects) representing the same phenomenon of the real world and carry the sequence of multi-scale operations to navigate from one representation to another. From this concept, a process has been defined to build multi-scale databases, in three steps. The first step is dedicated to the declaration of correspondences and conflicts between input schemata by the means of scale-transition relationships. In the second step, conflicts are resolved and schemata are merged. Finally, the third step corresponds to data matching, with the help of geometric, topologic and semantic information. Scale-transition relationships between objects are created during this last step. To validate the process, a multi-scale database has been produced from two existing mono-scale sets of road network data. The first results of this kernel are satisfactory.


The Seventh IBC Annual Conference on Anticoagulant, Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy took place in Boston, MA from October 21 - 24, 1996. These conferences have now achieved an annual updated forum to address recent developments in this field.


The microwave power module(MPM),which combines the solid state and vacuum electronic technique,is the super microwave device of the new generation electronic weapons and equipments.The microwave properties of the MPM are systematically investigated in this paper.The MPM has the advantages of wide bandwidth and power bandwidth product,because of the favorable dispersion properties of the TWT.And the MPM also makes low noise owing to the noise properties of the SSA.The stable integrated power conditioner(IPC) determines the low phase noise and spike spectrum properties,and appropriate gain partitioning determines the outstanding properties of noise figure features.The IPC's effect on the spectrum,the noise properties of SSA and TWT,and gain partitioning which influence are analyzed.The coherence between amplitude and phase of the MPM,as well as combing efficiency are discussed in this paper.The simulated curves of the properties are presented.The superior characteristics of MPM are proved by the measuring of one X-band MPM.It also indicates the extensive application of the MPM.


The da'wah method of KHR. Syamsul Arifin and KHR. As'ad Syamsul Arifin in instilling aqidah Ahlussunnah Wal Jama'ah An-Nahdliyah using Syair Aqaid Saeket and how to make it exist untill now are the interesting and necessary topic for this research. With qualitative method that focuses on content analysis and empirical data, the results of the study is concluded as follows: First, Syair Aqaid saeket is a beautiful verse written by two Ulama which contains fifty aqaid, the names of the Prophets, the book of Allah, Malaikat, the pillars of Islam and the pillars of Islamic faith which is a completed-enough summary of aqidah Ahlussunnah Wal Jama'ah An-Nahdliyah. Second, the method of da'wah in this verse is da'wah bi al-qalam and bi al-lisan by using the psychological and cultural approach, namely regional language (Madura). Third, the everlastingness of this verse is supported by several factors; the method of habituation or repetition, spreading by the students, graduates, sympathizers, and several jam'iyah, and also because of the figures of the two authors.


Oxidation of 3,4-di-t-butyl- and 3,4-di-1-adamantyl-, and 2,4-di-t-butylthiophenes with an equimolar amount of m-chloroperbenzoic acid in the presence of BF3•Et2O gave the corresponding thiophene 1-oxides in good yields, which are stable enough to be isolated in pure crystalline form. An X-ray single crystal structure analysis led to the conclusion that thiophene 1-oxides would not be aromatic.


The Urban Operational Plan (UOP) 2012–2020 of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) supports ADB developing member countries (DMCs) in expanding their urban economies, improving environmental sustainability, and making pro-poor investments through a 3E approach (Economy, Environment, and Equity). This case study on the Philippines is based on thematic areas of the National Urban Sustainability Assessment framework for developing strategic policy options and targeted investments in the urban sector. This publication shows how the framework acts as a tool for conducting rapid urban assessments at both national and urban region levels for DMCs.


The role and responsibilities of the salesperson continually evolve as firms react to competitive pressures. This paper suggests that in some instances the salesperson will vanish as the contact person for firms engaged in deep relationships. Deep relationships involve the selling firm placing staff on the buying firm's floor space to coordinate acquisition of the product that the buyer needs. The tasks of selling, communication and coordination will remain but be carried out by operational-level people in the selling organization. The forces behind these changes and examples of how these deep relationships operate are described. Implications for the sales organization involve refocusing salespeople on transactional accounts while creating deep relationships with other accounts.


It proposed a new pulse waveform design method for Ultra Wideband (UWB) telecommunication system which has to coexist with some other narrowband systems by introducing the idea of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio (CR) techniques. Itpsilas described briefly the approximate prolate spheroidal wave functions (APSWF) which had good property of fast processing and adjustable spectral notch which satisfied both the power emission mask of FCC and the coexistence of CUWB (Cognitive UWB) systems with others. Simulation with typical parameters showed that it would have ideal performance to adopt the new pulse waveform design. The performance of APSWF with different time width and bandwidth is also discussed in this paper when facing with multiple interferences.


A spray head (1) suitable for use with a container (2) aerosol comprising a central valve stem, said spray head (1) comprising: a frame (3) capable to be fixed to the valve cup of a container (2) aerosol; a revolving collar (4) comprising a bridge (16) spanning a diameter of the collar (4); and a channel (8) spray and associated button (39) actuation, said channel (8) spray being designed to pass through a central opening in the bridge (16) spanning a diameter of the collar (4) and being connectable to the central valve stem of a container (2) spray with the spray head (1) is designed to be used; the frame (3) containing the channel (8) and spray button (39) associated drive non-rotatably and being rotatable collar (4) between a first position, in which the pulsation channel is prevented ( 8) spray by interaction of a feature (37, 38) in the channel (8) spray with a feature (33) on the bridge (16) spanning a diameter of the collar (4), and a second position non pulsation channel (8) spray is avoided; characterized in that: the frame (3) comprises a ring (14) skirt surrounding at least 90% of the circumference of the valve cup and holds the valve cup so that the torque required to rotate the frame (3) around the valve cup is at least twice that required to rotate the rotating circular collar (4) surrounding the frame (3); and the bridge (16) spanning a diameter of the collar (4) sits above a top surface (12) of the frame (3).


The activity of enzymes transporting calcium across the membrane of the muscle fibre and sarcoplasmic reticulum was studied. The activity of actomyosin Mg2+-ATPase and the composition of troponin were investigated also. In seven Pietrain pigs halothane alone or with suxamethonium induced the malignant hyperthermia syndrome. In the animals with malignant hyperthermia Ca2+-ATPase was not activated in the plasma membranes of the muscle fibres, when compared with control animals (n = 4). An increase of Ca2+-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum was observed in animals with malignant hyperthermia; the opposite was noted in the control group. No significant changes in the activity of Mg2+-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and of Mg2+-ATPase of actomyosin were observed after exposure to halothane in control pigs and those with malignant hyperthermia. The amount of troponin C was significantly changed in the animals with malignant hyperthermia. The mechanism of the development of malignant hyperthermia syndrome is discussed.


Current target tracking algorithms for wireless sensor networks in noise environments have large positioning errors. Owing to the environmental noise, Kalman filters (KFs) are used to estimate the target position. To reduce the adverse effect of unknown or time-varying noise on KFs, adaptive KFs (AKFs) are developed. However, the present AKFs can only achieve second-order estimation accuracy. To improve the existing target tracking algorithm's positioning accuracy under unknown and time-varying noise environments, the authors propose a noise-aware algorithm based on a novel third-order adaptive cubature KF (ACKF) with higher estimation accuracy, which improves the accuracy of the existing algorithm by up to 63%. The innovative ACKF contains a new third-order noise statistic estimator and a traditional cubature KF without noise perception. A large number of numerical simulations and practical experiments show that the proposed noise-aware target tracking algorithm based on the novel ACKF is always more accurate than the target tracking algorithms based on the current KFs, no matter whether the moving target is manoeuvring or not, whether the strength of the noise is small or large, whether the number of anchor nodes is many or few, and whether the noise is time-varying or constant.


Background Obligate blood-feeding insects obtain the nutrients and water necessary to ensure survival from the vertebrate blood. The internal taste sensilla, situated in the pharynx, evaluate the suitability of the ingested food. Here, through multiple approaches, we characterized the pharyngeal organ (PO) of the hematophagous kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus to determine its role in food assessment. The PO, located antero-dorsally in the pharynx, comprises 8 taste sensilla that become bathed with the incoming blood. Results We showed that these taste sensilla house gustatory receptor neurons projecting their axons through the labral nerves to reach the subesophageal zone in the brain. We found that these neurons are electrically activated by relevant appetitive and aversive gustatory stimuli such as NaCl, ATP and caffeine. Using RNA-Seq, we examined the expression of sensory-related gene families in the PO. We identified gustatory receptors, ionotropic receptors, transient receptor potential channels, pickpocket channels, opsins, takeouts, neuropeptide precursors, neuropeptide receptors and biogenic amine receptors. RNA interference assays demonstrated that the pickpocket channel Rproppk014276 is necessary for salt detection during feeding. Conclusion We provide evidence of the role of the pharyngeal organ in food evaluation. This work shows the first comprehensive characterization of a pharyngeal taste organ in a hematophagous insect.


Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for 25% of HNSCCs and frequently presents with neck lymph node metastases. We investigated utilizing cytology needle rinse material for HPV DNA testing by Hybrid Capture 2 molecular testing (HC2) as an alternative to p16 immunohistochemistry.


The amount of food consumed by Mystits vittatus per meal was maximum (54.4 mg dry food per meal) in the lowest feeding frequency (J Ff) and decreased to the minimum (41.2 mg dry food per meal) in the highest (3/1 Ff). With increasing feeding frequency, rates of feeding, absorption and conversion were also increased. Absorption efficiency, however, remained constant around 90.1%. Contrary to the trend obtained for conversion rate, efficiency of conversion gradually decreased as the feeding frequency was increased. Net conversion efficiency (18.8%) was maximum in the lowest feeding frequency group (1/2 Ff). Mystus vittatus thus can compensate low feeding schedules by increasing the meal size and elevating the conversion efficiency.


This article offers a socioecological analysis of the plight of the honeybee. Departing from natural sciences explanations of the chronic health issues observed in managed honeybees the proposed socioecological analysis focuses on some of the social dimensions of the problems. Specifically, the article first looks at how the cultural disdain for insects is combined with toxic agricultural practices to make bees' lives challenging. Then it focuses on large‐scale commercial beekeepers and links the fate of managed honeybees to their commodification. Forced to adapt to increasing environmental and economic pressures, beekeepers have developed new management practices intended to keep bees alive and produce as many as possible in order to stay in business and fulfil pollination demand. Their new concern for best management practices fails to foster global changes in agriculture, subsequently compromising their own fate with that of their bees. Honeybees and beekeepers are both affected by the current agricultural model designed for profitability rather than health. The paper builds on in‐depth semi‐structured interviews of 45 large‐scale commercial beekeepers and scientists and participant observation, beekeeping magazines and materials available online.


Attention should be paid to the reflection of the structure of the compound sentence and the expression of the sense relation between clauses when the correlative existing in a compound sentence as a morphological sign. At the same time, discussion of the usage of correlative in simple sentences and understanding the types of various correlated components and the notional function to the expression of the simple sentences would be effective to formulating the structure and understanding the meaning of the simple sentence, as well as telling a simple sentence from a compound one.


By using focused soft X-rays, magnetic domain imaging based on X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements was performed on a Pt/Co/Cr2O3/Pt film that exhibits both perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and perpendicular exchange anisotropy. In the AC-demagnetized state, spatial distributions of the XMCD corresponding to the magnetic domains were clearly observed. In particular, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic magnetic domains were separately observed by tuning the photon energy to either the ferromagnetic Co L3 edge or the antiferromagnetic Cr L3 edge. The ferromagnetic domain pattern is similar to the ones previously reported for Co/Pt multilayers, and the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic domains are spatially coupled. The magnetization curve measured after cooling the sample, while maintaining the demagnetized state, exhibited positive and negative exchange biases simultaneously, which suggests that the exchange bias is determined on a domain-by-domain basis.


We give examples of failure of the existence of co-fibered products in the category of algebraic curves. MSC: 14H30, 14L40, 14G35, 11F06, 11E45, 11E12


Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors.MicroRNA(miRNA)is a class of small,noncoding single-stranded RNA molecules.Great concern has been raised regarding the correlation between cervical cancer and miRNA recently.Accumulating evidence indicated that miRNA regulates the synthesis of protein widely and precisely in the cell proliferation,apoptosis and tumorigenesis.The aberrant expressions of several miRNA were demonstrated to be involved in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.Here is to discuss the role of miRNA in the genesis,progression,treatment and prognosis of cervical cancer.


In the early stages of the famous debates between Einstein and Bohr on the foundations of quantum mechanics, Einstein attempted to devise thought experiments aiming at showing that arbitrarily accurate predictions of incompatible physical quantities was possible, in violation of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Bohr was able to defend quantum mechanics from those attacks by showing that a careful application of the uncertainty principle to the experimental apparata as well as the measured system lead to consistent results. Could Bohr have given an independent argument for the irreducible unpredictability implied by the uncertainty principle?
The celebrated 1964 theorem of John Bell shows that no model that reproduces the predictions of quantum mechanics can simultaneously satisfy the ontological concepts of locality and determinism. However, nothing can be concluded from Bell's theorem alone about locality by itself or determinism by itself--it is possible to reproduce quantum-mechanical predictions with deterministic models which violate locality as well as indeterministic models which satisfy locality. On the other hand, there's almost universal agreement that the epistemic form of locality--signal locality, or the impossibility of faster-than-light communication--must hold in a relativistic universe. By making a similar distinction between determinism and the epistemic concept of predictability, I show that signal locality plus the bare observed phenomena of Bell inequality violations lead to the remarkable conclusion that Nature is fundamentally unpredictable. This result grounds the quantum-mechanical prohibition of arbitrarily accurate predictions on the principle of relativity, regardless of any postulates of quantum mechanics.


The upgrade of the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN calls for a new generation of muon detectors capable of operating in a flux of collision and background particles approximately ten times larger compared to today's conditions. We report here on the Muon ATLAS MicroMegas Activity (MAMMA) R&D project aimed at the construction of large-area spark-resistant muon chambers using the micromegas technology.


The underground hard rock laboratory at Aspo (Aspo HRL), situated north of Oskarshamn, Sweden, is where much of the research about the final repository for spent nuclear fuel is taking place. The Aspo HRL is a unique research facility situated 450 meters underground. One part of the investigations at Aspo HRL, and the adjacent Simpevarp and Laxemar areas, has focused on thermal transport properties in the rock. The thermal properties of the rock have large influence on the thermal design of an underground repository for spent fuel. Temperature requirements on the canister or the surrounding buffer influence the distances between canisters and tunnels. The relevant scale for the thermal processes is of importance. This chapter discusses influences on thermal transport properties in crystalline rock with respect of e.g. scale, mineral composition and anisotropy. Primarily these processes are discussed according to methods for determination of thermal conductivity, from laboratory measurements to large scale experiments. The chapter also discusses indirect methods that make it possible to calculate the thermal conductivity from mineral composition and from the density log, including the theoretical base. Results on thermal conductivity and heat capacity from common rock types are reported. The development of prediction methods in different scales are exemplified with large scale thermal response test and inverse modeling at the prototype repository. Finally the strategy is outlined for the site descriptive thermal modeling in the Swedish site investigation program for nuclear waste disposal.


This study analyses and processes the photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal waveform in order to evaluate the arterial stiffness. In fact the PPG signal carries out some determinant physiological parameters which are used in evaluating arterial stiffness. These parameters are determined through the processing and analysis of the PPG signal. The determined physiological parameters are the augmentation index AI and the b/a ratio. The work is in fact related to the determination and the analysis of the AI and the b/a ratio. The acquired PPG signal is first filtered using the Undecimated Wavelet Transform (UWT), then its second derivative is calculated followed by a detection of peak and valleys in order to determine AI and b/a ratio. These parameters are then evaluated and analysed for different subjects healthy and pathologic. The obtained result shows that the AI and the b/a ratio are not in the same argument for the healthy and pathologic subject.


The invention discloses a method of using firedamp and solar energy as the power resource of thermoelectric generating system. Wherein, using solar energy collector to attain the hot water above 100Deg. C; using heat exchange tube to heat the firedamp generator to keep the ferment temperature inside the firedamp generator at 55-60Deg. C, to attain the high-quality firedamp while the firedamp generate rate is 2.5-3.5m3/m3 each day; the firedamp can be used as the power resource of thermoelectric generator. Said device comprises a solar energy collector, a firedamp reactor, and a steam generator. The invention realizes generating firedamp at high temperature to confirm the energy of ferment pool, while the firedamp yield of people shit is 0.43m3/kg, the firedamp of raise yield is 0.12-0.35m3/kg; and the firedamp yield at high temperature as 45-55Deg. C inside the firedamp ferment pool (digest device) is 2.5-3 times of ferment pool at lower temperature (<35Deg. C). The invention can be used at the industry workshop and the country.


An object of the present invention is to provide a cross-linkable resin composition and a cured product capable of crosslinking an alicyclic olefin-based resin. (A) an alicyclic olefin resin, and (B) a carbon-being obtained by curing by the cross-linkable resin composition characterized by containing an organic compound having a carbon-carbon double bond, and the art-cross-linkable resin composition to electron beam irradiation in the cured product.


Millions of people around the world depend on fisheries and aquaculture directly or indirectly for their food security, livelihoods and poverty reduction. However, ocean's ability to meet their needs is in grave danger. Fish is a crucial source of livelihood for fishermen in the coastal rural regions of Tanzania but climate change has caused a major threat to the same. As ocean temperatures rise, many fish species are being driven into deeper waters or toward the planet's poles. The shifting conditions, meanwhile, are inviting historically anomalous breeds into new ranges with unpredictable results. The precise degree to which these phenomena are contributing to Tanzania's current plight is difficult to quantify but ample evidence suggests such changes are already affecting fisheries across the country. Climate-related impacts are occurring across regions of Tanzania and primary sectors of its economy are more vulnerable. Keywords : Climatic Change, Fishing, Climatic Change Adaption, Tanzania.


Pre-eclampsia is a disease with the signs of hypertension, proteinuria, and edema arising from pregnancy. There are 20 maternal mortality rates in Banyuwangi, most of the causes of maternal mortality are PEB / Eclampsia as many as 5 people (25%). This study aims to describe the level of knowledge of pregnant women about the prevention of preeclampsia in the Kalibaru Kulon Public Health Center Banyuwangi. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The variable in this study was the knowledge of pregnant women about the prevention of preeclampsia. The population in this study were 58 pregnant women who continued to visit every month at the Kalibaru Kulon Public Health Center Banyuwangi. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling, while the sample obtained in June 2020 was 37 samples. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire.The results of this study indicate that the level of knowledge of pregnant women about the prevention of preeclampsia in the Kalibaru Kulon Banyuwangi Health Center in 2020 is categorized as good as many as 35 people (95%). where respondents are knowledgeable, aged 21-40 years, elementary school education, work as a housekeeper and the number of parity> 2. It is advisable for pregnant women to be more active in seeking health information, especially about the prevention of preeclampsia in order to increase knowledge so that they can prevent and avoid unwanted things.


This paper presents a refined layered architecture for business information systems of any size. It allows a strict separation of application logic, database access, and user interface and is largely independent of programming languages, database management systems, operating systems and middleware.


There is very little information available about the specific nature of street children's sexualities and the related health implications. This paper provides an insight into the sexual experiences, practices and attitudes of street boys and girls who live and work on the streets of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and the performance of their sexual identities in clifferent spaces.! Sexual activity, even for young children, is an intrinsic part of street life, and street children have shifting sexual identities which are related to time-space processes, as well as the situated cliscourses of work, leisure and friendship. In this paper I will first address the lives of homeless street children in Yogyakarta, explaining who they are, and how they survive in a society which is hostile to their very existence. I then reflect on the sexual world of streer children, and provide an idea of how they conceptualise their Own sexuality, and how sex fulfils their multiple needs. The paper also considers how the children's sexual behaviour puts them at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted cliseases, including HIVI AIDS, and what the children's attitudes are to these risks.


The invention discloses a junction box of a photovoltaic assembly in the technical field of photovoltaic power generation. The junction box comprises a first photovoltaic assembly terminal, a second photovoltaic assembly terminal, a photovoltaic cell terminal, a diode and a photovoltaic assembly monitoring loop, and the photovoltaic assembly monitoring loop comprises a thermistor, a data processing loop, a coupling loop, a control source and a super capacitor. The junction box provides collected photovoltaic array data to each stage of control loops and data processing centers for use, and brings convenience to management, overhaul and maintenance on photovoltaic arrays.


In the post-epidemic era, the economy of all walks of life is recovering, and the exhibition industry is an industry with a strong driving effect in the short term. Inner Mongolia has local characteristics, and as a province with an immature exhibition industry, it has great potential. In holding exhibitions here, Inner Mongolia will gradually develop exhibitions, so that everyone could see the feasibility of building a convention and exhibition capital in central and western China. This paper analyzes the 5th Erdos International Cashmere and Wool Exposition. Through case analysis and literature research, the paper found that this exhibition combines online and offline exhibitions, with an online cloud exhibition pavilion, cashmere live broadcast competitions, and a distinctive ethnic minority commodity exhibition. This exhibition can provide a reference for the holding of exhibitions in other regions and provide direction and theoretical support for subsequent exhibitions. It provides a feasible solution for promoting economic recovery in the post-epidemic environment.


The ACAS Xu program has developed both a horizontal and vertical collision avoidance logic to enable unmanned aircraft to avoid manned aircraft. Each logic supports a variety of surveillance sources and is individually capable of providing a significant safety benefit. This paper proposes a logic selection function that can effectively arbitrate between the horizontal and vertical logics to achieve an overall safety benefit without requiring the use of simultaneous horizontal and vertical maneuvers. Monte Carlo simulations show that the logic selection function can provide a performance benefit for a variety of surveillance sources.


The paper is developing an analysis of the delegation of decisionmaking competencies towards different political levels of the multi-levelgovernance in the European Union. The theory of public choice is used to explain decisions taken by the citizens of the union and the political actors having the decision-making competence on the national or on the supranational level. Starting from the concept of the homo economicus the theory of transaction costs, externalities and public goods is used to give an overview about the efficiency of internal and external institutions. This helps to analyse the question how an adequate delegation of decision-making towards the multi-level-governance should look like and what consequences could be drawn towards the calculation of costs and benefits for the European society.


Here we demonstrate for the first time that an anode material
for lithium ion batteries can be satisfactorily prepared by a green method.
By selecting benign and easily recycled oxidants, solutions of H2O2
and Ce(SO4)2, the electrochemical performance
of a natural graphite anode material can be markedly improved. Through thermogravimetric
analysis, differential thermal analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,
high resolution electron microscopy and measurements of lithium capacity it
was found that the surface structure of the natural graphite was modified
with a dense layer of oxides, which could prevent the co-intercalation of
solvent molecules. In addition, the stability of the graphite crystal was
improved and the decomposition of electrolyte molecules was prohibited. Furthermore,
a large number of nano-channels were introduced by oxidation, which favored
lithium intercalation and de-intercalation. The reversible lithium capacity
was enhanced from 251 to >330 mA h g−1,
and no capacity fading was observed in the first 10 cycles. This green method
is also highly efficient and economical, the process can be performed below
60 °C.


The Protestant Crusade in Ireland, 1800-70: a Study of Protestant-Catholic Relations between the Act of Union and Disestablishment. By Desmond Bowen. Pp. xvi + 412. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan; Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1978. £10. It is commonplace almost for observers of the contemporary crisis in Northern Ireland to comment that communal strife there resembles the religious conflicts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Numerous studies have shown that levels of religious, social, economic and educational contact between the Catholic and Protestant communities in Northern Ireland is very low. The province is truly a pluralistic society, with each community patronising different shops, clubs and professional services (for example, medical doctors and solicitors). The undercurrent of religious rivalry is sufficiently alien to much of western society that the problems of Northern Ireland are difficult to understand. Some have been misled even into minimising the importance of religion as a factor in her troubles. Amongst the growing literature on churches, ecclesiastical politics and religious life in modern Ireland, Professor Bowen's book stands out as worthy of the highest rank. He demonstrates that those tensions rife in present-day Ulster date not so much from earlier centuries as from the period 1820 to 1870. In Ireland prior to 1820, he argues, there was a relaxed spirit of tolerance. From that time, however, the growth first of militant evangelical Protestantism and then of aggressive Catholicism led to the reconstruction of a high wall between the two communities. He sees the attack on peace initiated by revivalist Protestantism, which was responding to the impulses of English evangelicalism. After a while Roman Catholicism counterattacked, doing all in its power to prevent the contagion reaching its own flock. By the 1850s and 60s the new Catholicism had put its house in order, gaining such confidence that it spearheaded the movement to reduce the privileges of the Church of Ireland. Its triumph, Professor Bowen suggests, is to be seen in the disestablishment of that Church.


I N TESTIMONY before the Joint Economic Committee, Milton Friedman has argued that the discriminatory pricing practices followed in the weekly auction of Treasury bills limit the market to specialists who are forced to collude.2 Two recent papers by Brimmer and Goldstein have criticized this conclusion. However, Professor Friedman has generally maintained his position in his latest note on the subject.3 The last three papers have also been concerned with the effect of discriminatory pricing on the Treasury's auction revenues. It will be argued here, first, that Friedman uses the Treasury's data on auction prices incorrectly in support of his contention of collusion; and second that, contrary to Friedman's assumption, participation in the auction is not limited to dealers and sufficient market information is available to enable anyone to place a rational bid. As both Brimmer and Goldstein base their arguments on Friedman's interpretation of


The vegetation associated with the macro channel of the Olifants River System was investigated to distinguish plant communities at a spatial scale of 1:250 000. The floristic data were analysed in terms of the sectional and longitudinal distribution and extent of declared weeds and invaders recorded during the survey. The results gained using the PHYTOTAB PC-classification and mapping program package revealed eight Grassland Biome and nine Savanna Biome plant communities from it's origin near the town of Breyten up to the border of the Kruger National Park. It was found that different invader species/weeds are associated with different biomes and habitats along the river system and that an alarming number of these species occur throughout the system.


A proof that the Helberg code is capable of correcting multiple deletion/insertion errors is presented. This code is a generalization of the number-theoretic Levenshtein code which is capable of correcting a single deletion/insertion. However, apart from exhaustive testing of short codes, no proof was hitherto given to verify that the Helberg code is indeed capable of correcting multiple deletions and insertions.


Presenter is an app for iOS, with the help of this app, teachers, instructors- anyone who gives presentations and wants to know if their students is grasping the content - on the spot - needs this app. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of this app on the learning achievement of students. In order to evaluate the efficacy of this app, an experiment was conducted to compare the performance of the students' learning via this app via those learning with the traditional approach.


F IFTEEN miles below Portland, Oregon, in the heart of the fir forest, is a village of two hundred houses. It has an area of about three acres. Every home is a sky-scraper. Not a single house is less than a hundred and thirty feet up, and some are a hundred and sixty feet high. The inhabitants are feathered fishers. They hunt the waterways of the Columbia and the Willamette for miles. Each owns his own claim, and there's never a dispute as to possession. It takes the biggest reserve of nerve and muscle to reach this village, but one may sit on the wooded hillside far below and watch the life there in full swing. From two to five brush-heap houses, the size of a washtub, are carefully balanced and securely fastened on the top limbs of each tree. Gaunt, long-legged citizens stand about the airy doorways and gossip in hoarse croaks. Residents are continually coming and going, some flapping in from the feeding ground with a craw full of fish and frogs, others sweeping down the avenues between the pointed firs with a departing guttural squawk. This is the home of a colony of great blue herons.


There was a need for accreditation of specialists with a different education engaged in medical activities, but there were problems: subcommittees were not formed, accreditation centers were not equipped with the necessary equipment, specialists were not trained.To organize the accreditation and training of specialists, the joint work of the multidisciplinary accreditation and simulation center and the Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Kazan State Medical Academy was carried out.As a result, specialists were trained, prepared for this procedure and biologists were successfully accredited.


Adjuvant hormone treatment with radiotherapy has been demonstrated in two studies (Bolla and RTOG 8531) to be beneficial in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. However, the vast majority of patients with early prostate cancer can be cured with radiotherapy alone. Subset analysis combining RTOG 8610 and RTOG 8531 has demonstrated a survival benefit only for patients with a biopsy Gleason score ≤6 after short-term neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. The results of ongoing research will further clarify the use of hormone treatment with radiotherapy in patients with low and intermediate risk.


In this paper, we propose a novel salient object detection framework, which makes full use of the essential image compression. More specifically, we first compose an intuitive measure of compressibility from JPEG compression, namely bit-map. Then, depending on the relationship between bitmap and salient object, we generate the salient object window directly from bit-map without utilizing any features from the compressed image. Finally, the saliency map is calculated according to the salient object window and with a ranking algorithm. The proposed method achieves good performance as well as low complexity. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method compared with other existing approaches.


Red jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is an important fruit that has the concomitant function of both medicine and food. It has been proven to be rich in various bioactive components. In the present study, jujube juice was fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum NXU19009 to enhance the flavor and nutritional benefits. Its potential for the prevention and treatment of acute alcohol induced-liver injury in mice was examined in this study. The results showed that the administration of the fermented jujube juice along with alcohol significantly decreased (p < 0.01) the liver indices, as well as the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum. In contrast, the levels of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in mice administered with fermented jujube juice were found to increase significantly (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the administration of fermented jujube juice in mice was found to alter their intestinal microbiota and an improvement was observed based on the results obtained in the histopathology examination. Therefore, Jujube juice fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum NXU19009 protects against liver injury and may prove to be an effective supplement to attenuate acute alcoholic liver injury.


Schemas, which organize thought and perception, are viewed by cognitive-behavior therapists as having an integral influence on emotion and behavior. The role of schema in family conflict and the specific interventions used in restructuring them during the course of family therapy are specifically addressed in this article. Additional discussion highlights the concepts of attributions, assumptions, and family standards, and the role they play in schemas, as well as the overall family dynamics. A series of steps are also suggested for facilitating the process of schema analysis and thought restructuring during the process of therapy with dysfunctional families


Marine transport has grown rapidly as the result of globalization and sustainable world growth rates. Shipping market risks and uncertainty have also grown and need to be mitigated with the development of a more reliable procedure to predict changes in freight rates. In this paper, we propose a new forecasting model and apply it to the Baltic Dry Index (BDI). Such a model compresses, in an optimal way, information from the past in order to predict freight rates. To develop the forecasting model, we deploy a basic set of predictors, add lags of the BDI and introduce additional variables, in applying Bayesian compressed regression (BCR), with two important innovations. First, we include transition functions in the predictive set to capture both smooth and abrupt changes in the time path of BDI; second, we do not estimate the parameters of the transition functions, but rather embed them in the random search procedure inherent in BCR. This allows all coefficients to evolve in a time-varying manner, while searching for the best predictors within the historical set of data. The new procedures predict the BDI with considerable success.


Abstract Three lower Miocene units occur in the Waipatiki/Mangatuna area: Mangapuku Mudstone (Otaian), Westcott Sandstone (Otaian‐Altonian), and Tunakore Mudstone (Altonian). They are regarded as members of the Ihungia Formation and crop out mostly in the axis of the Waipatiki Syncline. Major faults near Toi Flat trend west‐east and, with an associated zone of minor faults, appear to thicken Westcott Sandstone in this area. Rocks showing gradual deepening from initially shallow water (Westcott Sandstone and Tunakore Mudstone) overlie those of deep‐water origin (Mangapuku Mudstone). Mangapuku Mudstone is a dark‐grey, calcareous, sandy mudstone with rare macrofaunas and diverse and abundant foraminiferal faunas of abyssal to shelf break origin. It is separated from older units by a deep‐water unconformity and was uplifted at rates of up to 1.1 km/m.y. to shallow‐water depths, with submarine erosion preceding deposition of Westcott Sandstone. Westcott Sandstone is dominated by grey, calcareous, fossiliferous...


The present invention relates to a wood-plastic composite composed of wood flour, polypropylene, a binder, and a lubricant. The wood flour uses any type of wood flour that passes through a sieve having mesh sizes of 40, 100 and 250. The polypropylene uses any type of polypropylene having a relatively high molecular weight and low melting index and polypropylene having a relatively low molecular weight and high melting index. The binder is composed of organic maleic anhydride and uses a binder having any one transplant proportion of 1%, 1.5% and 5%. The present invention provides a wood-plastic composite having excellent mechanical properties and reliability.


Introduction: In recent years, China has paid high attention on urban energy innovation, trying to achieve a win–win situation between environmental protection and urban development, and it has formulated a series of policies to promote urban energy innovation. Methods: Taking China's new energy demonstration city (NEDC) policy as an example, this paper empirically investigates the impact of China's urban energy policy on PM2.5 by using a difference-in-differences (DID) model. Results/Discussion: (1) NEDC policy has reduced PM2.5 concentrations by 4.84% in pilot cities. Moreover, this policy can continue to reduce PM2.5 concentrations for at least 5 years, and the policy effect increases year by year. (2) NEDC policy has spatial spillover effect, which significantly reduces PM2.5 of surrounding cities within 150 km. (3) The PM2.5 reducing effect of NEDC policy is primarily the result of technological effect and allocation effect generated by promoting innovation and industrial upgrading. (4) The PM2.5 control effect of NEDC policy presents an inverted U-shape with the expansion of city size, and is better in cities with low levels of financial support, high levels of human capital and information infrastructure. The conclusions of this paper have important theoretical value for understanding the ecological effect of innovation policy and provide experience for developing countries to implement an experimentalist governance model.


We have investigated the acute changes in cytokine gene expression patterns and immune status in vivo and ex vivo in a patient on chronic hemodialysis with cuprophane membranes before and after two hemodialysis sessions with either cuprophane or polysulfone membranes. Results show that both dialyzer membranes have differential acute effects on the immune system and that the concomitant use of reverse-transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction, solid-phase and radioimmunoassays, and flow-cytometric analysis may be useful in the longitudinal assessment of patients on chronic hemodialysis.


A novel fluorescent probe, DN-C, for detection of cysteine (Cys) based on a d-PeT switching mechanism is reported. In the presence of Cys, the probe exhibits a turn-on fluorescence signal and nearly 28-fold fluorescence intensity enhancement. The cellular imaging experiment indicated the DN-C possess desirable cell permeability for biological applications.


The Direct Power Control strategy has become popular as an alternative to the conventional vector oriented control strategy for grid connected PWM converters. In this paper, Direct Power Control as applied to various applications of grid connected converters is reviewed. The Direct Power Control for PWM rectifiers, Grid Connected DC/AC inverters applications such as renewable energy sources interface, Active Power Filters, Doubly Fed Induction Generators and AC-DC-AC converters are discussed. Control strategies such as Look-Up table based control, predictive control, Virtual Flux DPC, Model based DPC and DPC-Space Vector Modulation are critically reviewed. The effects of various key parameters such as selection of switching vector, sampling time, hysteresis band and grid interfacing on performance of direct power controlled converters are presented.


Global models project a decrease of marine oxygen over the course of the 21th century. The future of marine oxygen becomes increasingly uncertain further into the future after yr 2100 , partly because ocean models differ in the way organic matter remineralisation continues under oxygenand nitrate-free conditions. Using an Earth system model of intermediate complexity we found that under a business-as-usual CO2-emission scenario ocean deoxygenation further intensifies for several centuries until eventually ocean circulation re-establishes and marine oxygen increases again. (Oschlies et al. 2019, DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-10813-w).


The insomnia is called Bumei in Traditional Chinese Medicine,and it has become the important problem influencing people's life quality.The doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine pay attention to the concept of wholism on treating the insomnia by enriching the heart-blood and nourishing the heart-yin and nurturing the heart-spirit,so that the goal is to regulate the physiological function of the house of mental activities.According to the theory,the article has reviewed the prescriptions of treating the insomnia on the heart from Han Dynasty to the present,in order to provide the idea and basis for treating the insomnia and prove the importance of treating both the brain and the heart of the insomnia based on the literature.


Objectives Consistency of 'terms and notations' which play a key role in understanding mathematical and scientific concepts is a very important factor in the teaching and learning situation of mathematics and science. The purpose of this study is to check whether there is a dissimilarity between the vector expression used in high school mathematics and physics textbook. Methods This study analyzed the dissimilarity of representations of vectors terms and notations used in mathematics and physics high school textbook. Results As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that there was a significant deviation in the expression of 'terms and notations' for the same concept in mathematics and physics textbook. Conclusions We pointed out that consistency is needed in the expression of 'terms and notations' of vectors used in the teaching and learning situations of  and  from the cross-curricular aspect, and drew implications on the expression of 'terms and notations' when writing textbooks based on the revision of the next curriculum.


Disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are a method, a device and a system for processing a video stream. The embodiments of the present application comprises: after receiving a video playback request carrying a video stream identifier, acquiring, according to the video stream identifier, a video stream from a media server; when it is determined that an abnormality occurs in the acquisition of the video stream, determining whether the number of attempts for acquiring the video stream is below a preset value, and if so, returning to execute the step of acquiring the video stream from the media server, otherwise, if the number of attempts is not below the preset value, reporting an error. The described solution can provide improved stability and fluency when playing back a video.


Despite her seemingly insufficient time of l0 years, as being an artist, includingthe period of art education, Paula Modersohn-Becker was highly productive in herartist skills by leaving more than 500 oil paintings, 700 sketches and 13 etchings.This suggests that her passion for art was not infinitesimal. Paula Modersohn-Beckermostly worked in the Worpswede Art Association wherein liberty and artisticactivity were highly regarded. In spite of her length of duration within the art circle,she was able to be independent of the shadow of the association because she alwaystried to learn a new approach. Paula Modersohn-Becker, it is understood, that herawareness of Worpswede's characteristics and overcoming them enabled her toproduce progressive work. The researcher studies the properties of female portraitsin Paula Modersohn-Becker's work.The researcher noticed that women in Paula Modersohn-Becker's portraits werenot the only attraction but the accessories which the women are wearing in theportraits also viewers'eyes over them. The researcher also categorizes the variousfemales in her portraits into basic three subjects based on Greek mythology:Persephone, Demeter and Aphrodite, who is unusually used as the goddess of thecreativity in this study, according to Jean Shinoda Bolen's original grouping form.Repeating the original form of Greek mythology, women, in Paula Modersohn-Becker's portrait, have a propensity to be classical, and very unlike modernpainting. Paula Modersohn-Becker does not appear to have expressed any sympathy with feminism - which represented the new life-style in the city - and 'equal rights forwomen'in those times perhaps because of her bourgeois background and also hersupport for Worpswede's conventional female distinctiveness based on naturalism.Although there is no doubt that Paula Modersohn-Becker had a pre-modern view ofwomanhood, what we should heed is regardless of whether it be modernism or not,is that she had her own thoughts in a subjective way. Not only did she have themodern impression of tableau but she also worked as a professional female painterwhich was her dream and a most unusual career for a woman in those days. Thisproves that Paula Modersohn-Becker had a independent and subjective view of herprofession. Suggested to be the forerunner of female artists among phallic Germanexpressionism, Paula Modersohn-Becker should not be misjudged as an old-fashioned woman judged only by her painting.One omission in this study is that the researcher does not study comprehensiblyPaula Modersohn-Becker as the forerunner of German expressionism. In spite of thefact that Paula Modersohn-Becker's achivements have been referred to as result ofrecent studies of German expressionism, there is not enough data about her works,with the consequent lacking of concrete studies of her and her works. Havingstudied Paula Modersohn-Becker with the diverse approaches hereafter,achievements of German expressionism are, hopefully, more affluent.


The article defines a concept of «distance learning», clarifies the definition of the ICT competence of teacher, builds a definition of «distance education resources», offers a theoretical model of differentiated training of teachers in distance learning.


The sub system for EEG based brain computer interface system are feature extraction and classification. Translation from brain signal that contain a human intention into computer's command or message should be accomplished with good feature extraction nor classification. One of the methods for analyzing brain signal in feature extraction process is using band power measurement from few or many EEG channels. Recalibration or daily calibration was needed in using brain computer interface instrument. In order to make the feature extraction more reliable, the proposed method is using brain signal reference. To develop brain signal reference, sampling method taken from brain signal when human intention occur. The next feature extraction will analyze whether the signal is similar with signal reference or not. Feature extraction will uses cross correlation method to measure the similarity. Based on the hypothesis that brain will produce the similar signal in the same intention, the brain signal reference concept is the method can be used for feature extraction process. It is also should be considered the level of similarity which it will transfer to classification process in estimating the intention. It is feasible using brain signal reference concept based on cross correlation method.


A propagation experiment is described in which a stratospheric balloon served as a transmitter platform at 870 and 1502 MHz in simulation of a land mobile satellite. A vehicle followed the drifting balloon along roads of western Texas and New Mexico, collecting at L-band amplitude and phase, and at UHF amplitude information only for elevation angles between 25 degrees and 45 degrees . The data obtained has been analyzed and is presented along with results from modeling of multipath scattering and roadside tree attenuation. The signal, with variations caused by multipath propagation and tree shadowing, was reduced by 3 dB at L-band and 2 dB at UHF for one percent of all locations. A median ratio of 3.9 was found between peak-to-peak phase (degrees) and power (dB) fluctuations. The ratio between L-band and UHF dB attenuation averages varied from 1.3 to 1.0 at fade levels from 6 to 23 dB. Optical sky brightness was measured and used to predict fade distribution with great accuracy. A single-scatterer multipath model is introduced. It is used to duplicate some of the measured data and to show the dependence of power variations on satellite elevation angle. Using Fresnel diffraction theory, the attenuation caused by a model tree was calculated to be near 10 dB and the maximum fade was found to increase by the logarithm of the number of branches. >


Peter is the purchasing manager and senior buyer of medicinal herb raw materials at MediHerb Pty Ltd, one of the largest manufacturers of herbal medicines in Australia. His experience includes importing and exporting, grower liaison and contract growing. (editor abstract)


The aim of processing and subsequent visualization of magnetometer data,is to provide both the specialist and non-specialist with a dataset that can inform decision making and subsequent risk management, in a sensible
and appropriate way. Magnetometer data is complex, and requires careful processing and thoughtful visualization to transform it from a stream of measured values, into a clear, interpretable dataset. Key generic processing routines are introduced which deal with noise reduction and enhancement of magnetic anomalies, to improve the visual appearance and positioning of data. Common visualization approaches of processed data are also highlighted.


Electron-beam (EB)-initiated grafting of triallyl cyanurate (TAC) onto polyethylene (PE) has been carried out over a range of radiation dose (2–20 Mrad) and concentrations of TAC (0.5–3 parts by weight). The grafting level, as determined from IR spectroscopy, is maximum at a 10 Mrad radiation does using 1 part TAC. With increasing TAC level at a 15 Mrad dose, the grafting level is higher only after 1.5 parts TAC. The gel content increases with radiation dose in the initial stages. X-ray studies indicate two peaks at 10.6–10.8° and 11.7–11.9° and the corresponding interplaner distances of 4.15 and 3.80 A. With increase in radiation dose or TAC level, the crystallinity decreases in the initial stage and then increases. It shows a decreasing trend again at higher radiation dose. The interplanar distance or the interchain distance of the modified polymer does not change. However, the crystallite size increases initially and then decreases. The tensile properties are relatively insensitive to the variation of radiation dose because of the interplay of various factors. The dielectric loss, tan δ, shows a maximum at a 10 Mrad dose and minimum at 5 and 15 Mrad due to changes of polarity and the carrier mobility. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


SMART(System-Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor) is an integral type advanced pressurized water reactor with a rated thermal power of 330 MW, developed at KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) for a seawater desalination and small scale electricity generation. Safety and economic improvement are the two most important considerations in the design of the SMART. The SMART design combines firmly established commercial reactor design technologies with advanced design features. The advanced design features and technologies implemented into the SMART design have been proven or will be qualified through the technology verification program of SMART. Technology verification program of SMART consists of basic thermal-hydraulic experiments, separate effect test, major components performance test, system integrated tests of safety system and one fifth scaled pilot plant construction project. The overall performance and safety of SMART will be demonstrated through the SMART-pilot plant (SMART-P). The SMART-P plant construction project is currently underway and will be complete the construction by 2010. (authors)


It is vitally important to coordinate resources, information sharing, and two-way communication between medical incident commanders (ICs) and first medical responders (paramedics) at mass casualty incidents (MCI) sites. Information at the time of disasters also needs to be effectively analyzed and presented through intelligent user interfaces. Such interfaces need to be easy-to-use by ICs to foster critical decisions that can potentially reduce mortality rates. In this paper, we present Panacea's Cloud™---a next-generation multiple casualty management system. This system has been iteratively developed and refined based on user experience research driven methodology that employed a mixed methods approach, including the views of clinical experts. Panacea's Cloud™ is an example of a next generation MCI system that has an intelligent dashboard that integrates Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies such as wearable devices and augmented reality technology (AR), virtual beacons, and sensor network nodes. It supports coordination between ICs and paramedics. Our research demonstrates how IoT-based web applications, especially AR and the use of smart glasses, can be futuristically designed for purposes of smart healthcare applications that have effective and efficient communication capabilities. General design recommendations for next generation multiple casualty management system development include incorporating Situational Awareness features, a Synchronous Map View system, a Hands-Free Communication service with AR and smart glasses, Digital Notes, and resilient Wi-Fi networks.


The following paper shows research in the field of energy modeling of polyhedral process networks that describe streaming embedded systems. Such networks are easy to simulate with SystemC and the timing information can also be used to simulate consumed energy. An emphasis on the exchange of communication data tokens between processing elements is made here and hence the title contains the widely known term transaction level modeling (TLM). For a high-level system synthesis an open-source framework is used, called Daedalus.


This article presents, in a critical way, the main aspects that involved the construction of the law project initiated by the Executive Power for the creation of the National Council of Bioethics in Brazil (Conselho Nacional de Bioetica), brought by the President of the Republic to the National Congress in October 2005. It discusses the critical points of the proposal, brings back aspects of the process of elaboration, as well as reveals strategies adopted for the involvement of institutional partners and civil society in order to obtain a democratic proposal. As a contribution to the legislative process which is now beginning, reveal the significant changes occurred in the text, it register the maintenances and credibility elements of the Council lost in the law project, also recovering the fundamental points already discussed in topics about the regulation of this new law.


BACKGROUND
Mortality risk tends to be higher among elderly individuals with higher serum adiponectin levels. The objective of this study was to clarify whether the relationship between adiponectin and a higher risk of disability or death can be explained by physical function, bone mineral density, depression, and malnutrition.

METHODS
We analyzed 505 individuals who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment and who agreed to provide information on long-term care insurance. The endpoint was the composite outcome of death and incident disability defined as a first certification for any level of care need. Relationships between adiponectin and incident disability or death were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS
During 6 years of follow-up, 179 incident disabilities or deaths occurred. Among them, 20 and 23 died with and without disability, respectively. The risk of incident disability or death was significantly higher among participants with adiponectin greater than or equal to 22.4 (90%) than 8.0 or less (25%) mg/L (Hazard ratio: 95% confidence interval, 1.92: 1.01-3.64) in the model adjusted for age, sex, and metabolic risk factors. Adjustment for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and nutritional status did not substantially alter this risk estimate, although the association ceased to be statistically significant. Adjustment for physical function did attenuate the relationship, however, which ceased to be apparent upon exclusion of disability or death occurring within 3 years of follow-up.

CONCLUSION
The relationship between adiponectin and the composite outcome of incident disability and death was at least partly explained by reduced physical function and wasting in participants with higher adiponectin levels.


In this pater, high quality  50 mm large area 3C SiC thin films with smooth mirror surface grown on Si substrate by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) is reported for the first time in china. The properties of thin films are characterized by using X ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) absorption Spectrometry, X ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS), and Hall measurement, etc. Good experiment results of preparation of Schottky barrier diodes and GaN based thin films have been acquired by using 3C SiC/Si epitaxy wafers.


Along with the deepening of reform and opening up, China's education has also entered into the era of globalization. China and Russia main a friendly relationship, and joint school-running between China and Russia has become a popular trend, moreover, the joint construction of art practice teaching system by Sino-Russian colleges has obtained certain achievements. However, some problems still exist in the process of teaching system construction, which need to be perfected. Joint construction of art practice teaching system by Sino- Russian colleges is of important significance for China to carry out international education cooperation. (This paper has researched and discussed the achievements, problems and suggestions of joint construction of art practice teaching system by Sino-Russian colleges based on the description of conditions for the joint construction of art practice teaching system by Sino- Russian colleges.


TCC implemented workstation management software from iTeam in order to provide different access limits for different patron statuses. Unfortunately, the SIP standard doesn't include patron status and Ex Libris has not added it to the Aleph implementation. This presentation will discuss the issues, problems, and work-around needed to implement workstation limits by patron status.


A ring R is called weakly periodic if every x ∈ R can be written in the form x = a + b, where a is nilpotent and bm = b for some integer m > 1. The aim of this note is to consider when a nonzero nilpotent element r is the period of some power map f(x) = xn, in the sense that f(x+ r) = f(x) for all x ∈ R, and how this relates to the structure of weakly periodic rings. In particular, we provide a new proof of the fact that weakly periodic rings with central and torsion nilpotent elements are periodic commutative torsion rings. We also prove that xn is periodic over such rings whenever n is not coprime with each of the additive orders of the nilpotent elements. These are in fact the only periodic power maps over finite commutative rings with unity. Finally, we describe and enumerate the distinct power maps over Corbas (p, k, φ)-rings, Galois rings, Z/nZ, and matrix rings over finite fields.


preneurial income (income of sole proprietors and partners), as reported to the Internal Revenue Service, is compared with realized net income of farm operators from farming, as estimated by the U. S. Department of Agriculture.1 More recently, Professor Harold M. Groves has thrown new light on the matter by following a different approach, by which he compares net farm income reported on a selection of Wisconsin state income-tax returns with income information for the same farmers obtained by interview and from


This study investigated the effects of Physical and Virtual Laboratories on the Attitude of secondary school students' attitude towards learning Geography in North Central Nigeria. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design. The sample size of the research consisted of 768 students from 12 secondary schools in North Central zone of Nigeria. Four secondary schools from each of the three sampled states in the zone were purposively chosen and randomly assigned to research groups: experimental group I (Physical Laboratory), experimental group II (Virtual Laboratory) and control group (Lecture Method). A 20 – item research instrument titled Questionnaire on Attitude of Students towards Geography (QASG) was used for data collection in this study. Cronbach alpha's formula was employed to ascertain the reliability coefficient of QATG and it yielded 0.70. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of Mean and Standard Deviation and inferential statistics of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the study revealed that physical and virtual laboratories enhanced secondary school students' attitude towards geography better than lecture method and it was therefore recommended that these laboratories should be embraced as teaching strategies for teaching geography concepts in secondary schools in order to improve students' attitude towards the subject.


In Chapter 5 the protocols associated with the operation of an ISDN connection are summarized so that the main principles of their operation are made clear. Inevitably this has meant that there has been a loss of completeness and rigour. This Appendix is an extension to give more details of the operation of the protocols for those that need this information. The layer l relates to the Basic Rate Access only. Layers 2 and 3 also relate to the Primary Rate interface. It is extracted from BT Network Requirement (BTNR) 191, which describes an implementation of the ETSI (European  Telecommunication Standards Institute) standards and the approval requirements as set out in NETS (Normes Europhes de TklCcommunication). Other implementations may have detail differences but owing to a common origin in the relevant ITU-T recommendations, these differences are likely to be small. The protocols described have not been restricted to those currently implemented by BT as these are being extended on a regular basis. The extracts quoted are chosen to illustrate the operation of the interfaces. However, in the space available it has not been possible to include all situations or give a complete coverage of the protocols involved. For those requiring more information, the full BTNR may be obtained from BTNR Technical Secretariat, BT plc, Post Point 1 G42, 2 City Forum, 250258 City Road, London, EClV 2TL. To assist further reference the original paragraph numbering of the Recommendations has been retained; some detailed rewriting has been done to bridge deleted text.


An analysis of the 3-dB modulation bandwidth in planar waveguide laser based on 1D photonic crystal structures is presented. The theoretical model takes into account the gain saturation effect, transverse and longitudinal field distribution. A small-signal perturbation solution of the coupled laser rate equation is used to obtain relations describing the dynamic operation. In paper, the distributed Bragg resonator DBR created as 1D photonic crystal is considered. The active waveguide is surrounded by 1D photonic crystal mirrors consisting of alternately placed stripes with different refractive indices. In particular, the influence of the photonic crystal parameters on the 3-dB modulation bandwidth is investigated.


Introduction In the last years, several functional MRS (fMRS) studies from our group and from other labs have consistently demonstrated small but significant variations in concentrations of few brain metabolites in the activated human visual cortex during prolonged visual stimuli. In particular, the levels of lactate, glutamate, glucose and aspartate have been observed to change within ±0.2 μmol/g during visual stimuli. Concentration changes of glutamine, glutathione, glycine and GABA have also been reported during achromatic visual stimuli (i.e, white/black checkerboard). Given the small concentration changes, ultra-high magnetic fields and optimized acquisition strategies are critical for conducting fMRS studies. In our previous fMRS work, we utilized STEAM at 7 T for spectra acquisition. Most recently, spin-echo-like sequence (SPECIAL) have been used to benefit from the fullintensity MRS signal and improve sensitivity of detection in fMRS studies. The aim of the present study was to determine whether concentration changes of glutamine, glutathione, glycine and GABA are observed when using a full-intensity H MRS sequence at 7 T, namely semi-LASER, during the presentation of the same chromatic visual stimuli that we used previously (i.e, red/black checkerboard).


The storage (and processing) of inflected verbs is a strongly debated issue in psycholinguistics. Some authors suggest that inflected verbs are stored as units (i.e. with the bound morpheme) in the lexicon (Stemberger & MacWhinney, 1986, Bertram at al, 2000), and bring as evidence the presence of strong frequency effects in lexical decision tasks with inflected verbs. Other authors suggest that inflected verbs are decomposed in stems and affixes in perception and generated by the application of a rule in production, for instance +ed, +s in English (Pinker & Ullman, 2001), and bring as evidence phenomena such as hyper-regularizations. Some authors go further in this direction as suggest that a morpheme stripping process takes place sublexically, at least in reading (Grainger & Ziegler, 2011). A set of 3 experiments was conducted in order to investigate these phenomena.


The following paper is dedicated corruption in contemporary social life and in entrepreneurship area. The present diploma thesis deals with a positive theory of corruption and relevant costs and benefits. Theoretical part of the thesis considers different approaches to the definitions of corruption as well as causes of the corruption emergence. Furthermore, the theoretical parts is dedicated to the classification of corruption as a socio-economic phenomenon and to certain theoretical conception of this phenomenon.The practical part of the diploma thesis conducts the comparison of the level of corruption in different countries of the world and determines the influence degree of corruption for an entrepreneurship environment. In the process of comparing corruption levels in various countries, objective and subjective factors are taken into account. By the end of the paper we will come to the conclusion that it is difficult to estimate exact numbers of corruption profits, which is received only by a limited group of individuals, while damages from corruption are spread to the entire economy and its distinctive sectors. Any type of corruption has a negative influence on business environment, since it affects competitiveness and businesses' income.


OBJECTIVE: To compare radial shockwave treatment with conventional physiotherapy for plantar fasciitis after 12 months of follow-up. METHOD: This was a randomized, prospective, comparative clinical study. Forty patients with a diagnosis of plantar fasciitis were divided randomly into two treatment groups: group 1, with 20 patients who underwent ten physiotherapy sessions comprising ultrasound, kinesiotherapy and guidance for home-based stretching; and group 2, with 20 patients who underwent three applications of radial shockwaves, once a week, and guidance for home-based stretching. All patients were assessed regarding pain and functional abilities before treatment, immediately after and 12 months after treatment. The mean age was 49.6±11.8 years (range: 25-68 years), 85% were female, 88% were overweight, 63% were affected bilaterally, and 83% used analgesics regularly. RESULTS: At the 12-month follow-up, both treatments were effective for improving pain and functional ability among the patients with plantar fasciitis. The improvement with shockwaves was faster. CONCLUSION: Shockwave treatment was not more effective than conventional physiotherapy treatment 12 months after the end of the treatment.


In recent years, vocational institutes of higher learning have been developing rapidly, although, at the same time, problems have also arisen in such aspects as the choice and training of administrators. The main problems, among many others, are the vagueness of demarcation line in administrator management, and the nonspecificity of requirements for different levels of administrators. This paper argues that the management of administrators of vocational institutes of higher learning can be improved by means of classification of such institutions, implementation of graded management, and the founding of guilds and personnel markets of administrators for such institutions.Thus,the team structure of administrators can be optimized, and their over-all quality can be improved.


In this study, we 1) identified the damaged areas along the south limit line (SLL) of the demilitarized zone (DMZ) by the military's 'DMZ barren land campaign', and 2) categorized the identified damaged areas into a few ecological types. Using high-resolution satellite images, we delineated the total damaged areas to be 1,183.2 ha, which accounted for 50.1% of the 100-m northern buffer regions from the SLL. Of the total damaged areas, 16% were severely damaged, i.e., they had been damaged until recently and so remained barren without vegetation cover. In other areas, the levels of damage were either moderate (59.9%) or slight (24.1%), due to natural succession that turned those areas to grassland or forest. Using satellite image-derived land cover maps and climatic and topographic data, we categorized the damaged areas into seven types: lowland grassland (19.8%), western lowland forest (21.4%), low-altitude forest (25.5%), mid-altitude forest (18.4%), high-altitude forest (6.8%), vicinity in east coast (7.9%), and waterbody (0.2%). These types can be used to identify proper measures to restore ecosystems in the DMZ for now and after Korean reunification.


A symmetry-guided approach for designing and tailoring magnetoelectric and multiferroic hexaferrites is proposed. A group-theoretical study of the magnetoferroelectric structures of a hexagonal ferrite was carried out. The results were applied to M-, W- and Z-type hexaferrites. It is shown that the magnetic structure cannot be collinear in the main magnetic phase, with the direction of the magnetic moment along the hexagonal axis. Magnetic sublattices are shown in which cation substitution should lead to the formation of a multiferroic state. A thermodynamic model of a hexagonal ferroelectric ferrimagnet was constructed, in which isostructural phase transitions were observed.


With increased survival of very premature infants in the United States and across the world, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a leading cause of preventable childhood visual impairment and blindness. Premature birth requires that retinal maturation take place in a physiologically abnormal environment, leading to retinal injury and dysregulated growth and development. Although the pathophysiology of ROP is understood to involve exposure to extrauterine hypoxia and hyperoxia, multiple international studies have failed to identify the optimal approach to preventing ROP. Clinical efforts therefore center on optimizing screening and identification of ROP and on improving ophthalmologic interventions to modify the course of vision-threatening disease.


This tutorial is designed for computer scientists and educators who teach or have interest in digital hardware design. The workshop will introduce the Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware De...