The notion that there is a moral obligation for researchers to make the world a better place is not new, yet one seldom encounters substantive research that practically espouses such a view. Noting the lack of such research, Walsham (2012) made an impassioned call to arms in a short article titled 'Are We Making the World a Better Place with Information Systems?'. Providing further evidence of the critical need for responsible research, scholars have formed a new virtual organisation named 'Responsible Research in Business and Management' (RRBM). RRBM has the avowed focus of 'inspiring, encouraging, and supporting credible and useful research in the business and management disciplines' (http://rrbm.network). In 2019, the ISJ issued a call for papers for a special issue to encourage our colleagues to contribute to making the world a better place. Following Majchrzak et al. (2016), we suggested that contributing authors should not limit their research designs and thus contributions to the scholarly community but should also consider the practical and policy implications for a wide range of practitioners (not only managers) as well as the broader social world. Finally, they could also consider the non-human world of the environment, given our focus on making the world a better place through IS research. Thirty-nine papers were submitted to the special issue and six have, after extensive revision, been accepted. They are introduced below.


Infraorbital foramen,an important anatomical landmark in anaesthetic and surgical interventions of the maxillary region, transmits the infra orbital vessels and nerve. Infraorbital nerve block is commonly used in regional anaesthesia for the midface and paranasal surgeries. The purpose of our study to obtain detailed knowledge of the anatomical location and variations of IOF which is imminent for successful regional anaesthesia and endoscopic surgeries of the maxillary region. The study was conducted on 50 Human skull bones of unknown gender from the Department of Anatomy, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore. Both side of skulls were visually observed for shape, direction of the infraorbital foramen and presence of accessory infraorbital foramina. 1. Sagittal Distance between the infraorbital margin to upper margin of infraorbital foramen were measured. 2. Transverse diameter from lateral margin of pyriform aperture to medial margin of IOF were measured. 3. Oblique distance from anterior nasal spine to inferior margin of IOF, were measured. 4. Vertical and transverse diameter of the IOF were measured. 50 skulls (100 sides – both right and left) were studied.Most commonly observed shape of IOF is semilunar 36% on right side, 40% on left side, transversely oval 20% on right side, 28% on left side, vertically oval 18% on right side, 12% on left side, circular 18% on right side, 8% on left side, triangular 8% on right side 12% on left side. Direction of IOF is 88% medially downwards, 12% downwards.The mean distance between IOM and IOF is 6.58±0.28 mm on the right side, 6.78 +0.233 mm on the left side. The mean distance between pyriform aperture to of IOF 16.88+3.7mm on the right side 16.46 +2.7 on the left side. The mean distance between ANS to inferior margin IOF on the 34.77+0.55 mm on right side 34.22+0.3 mm on the left side.Mean vertical diameter of IOF 3.76 mm on right side & 3.94 mm on left side. Mean transverse diameter of IOF 4.18 mm on right side & 4.32+15 mm on left side.Accessory IOF were present in 6% of skulls bilaterally. Our study results will be of immense help to the surgeons and anaesthetists, handling this region for operative procedures.


Crystal structure of benzohydroxamic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives RC 6 H 4 C(O)NHOH (R = 4-Me, 4-NO 2 , 4-Cl, 3-Cl and 2-Cl) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In all the compounds, the hydroxamic group is in the planar amide form and the structures differ mainly in the tilt of the aromatic and hydroxamic acid planes. For the 2-chloro derivative, the dihedral angle of the two planes is 46.1° which corresponds to the intramolecular van der Waals contact of the ortho -substituents. In other compounds, the tilt originates from intermolecular hydrogen bonding and varies between 3.5 and 22.0°; four crystallographically independent molecules present in the structure of benzohydroxamic acid also differ significantly in this tilt, as well as three independent molecules of the 4-nitro derivative do. Although there are only two types of hydrogen bonding in all the compounds, a short one between OH and O-N and a second longer between NH and O=C, bonded network in the crystal is of three different types. In unsubstituted acid, its 4-Me, 4-Cl and 3-Cl derivative, the molecules are assembled into hydrogen-bonded layers stacked loosely along the largest cell parameter. As a result of the large tilt of the molecular planes in the 2-Cl compound, its molecules are linked into chains with unusual, strongly bent orientation of the aromatic groups. The self-assembly of the remaining 4-nitro compound is quite unique, consisting of pseudohexagonal, partly interpenetrating stacks. In several cases, the hydrogen bonding is supported by π-interaction of the aromatic rings.


High-speed microcinematography of vessels in the subarachnoid space of the anesthetized mouse was used to measure the velocity of erythrocytes in arterioles and venules less than 30μ in diameter. Within arterioles the velocity averaged 3.5 mm/sec, while in venules an average value of 1.9 mm/sec was obtained. A rhythmic alteration in velocity was often observed in the arterioles and was seen occasionally in venules. This cyclical change in velocity was termed the "velocity pulse." The frequency of the velocity pulse was virtually identical to that of the peripheral pulse and is believed to result from a propagation of that pulse into the microcirculation. The velocity pulse was not recognizable in vessels 5μ to 10μ wide. In vessels 10μ, to 30μ, in diameter, the velocity pulse was not accompanied by changes in the width of the vessels.


Complex chemomechanical interplay exists over a wide range of length scales within the hierarchically structured lithium-ion battery. At the mesoscale, the interdependent structural complexity and ...


The 2-phase drag-cup machine is treated as a linear 4-terminal element. The self-impedance of each phase and the mutual impedance between phases are found by obtaining the electromagnetic field components in the air gap between stator and rotor. These components are derived from a single vector field function, the magnetic vector potential. The impedances are functions of the geometrical dimensions, frequency, and the relative slip.


Aiming at the weaker situation of traditional CAPP system in product craft knowledge reusing for enterprise,starting from product craft resource reuse,taking rotary parts as an example,the concept based on template customization is presented after analyzing its structure characteristics and summarizing technological characteristics.And then a new parts process should be designed by means of typical parametric process templates and the typical example process templates respectively,i.e.a parametric relation between template process and part is established to realize generation of process.Through making full use of the existing mature technology of the enterprises in the design scheme,technological process and process resources,the required variant design process is obtained with lest modification and soon speed.And an instance is presented finally.


Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition (first printing), 2010 / APA style guide to electronic references, 6th edition, 2012 Journal Articles, Newspaper Articles, Magazine Articles


Some modular switches for BISDN have recently been proposed. They can achieve high performance with output queueing and they can be implemented by using small modules. However, they have either high overall complexity or other problems. In the Letter, a new modulator switch is proposed that has high performance and low complexity.


Physical Improvement in Elderly Female after Training: Sit Up and Speed Gait Study aim. Deambulation is a basic activity to preserve elderly independence. Indeed, a good gait leads to decrease risk of falls. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of balance and strenght training on typical dayly action. In particular, lower limb, abdominal and gluteos muscles were trained by voluntary action. Material and methods. Sixteen volunteer elderly women (age=69±5.03 years; weight=63,75±9.02 kg; height=1,60±0.06 m; BMI=25,11±3.68 kg m-2) participated in this study. The group performed strength and balance training for eight week (2 days per week, 1 hour each): training loads were increased every two week according to the subjects' feedback. The physical efficacy was tested through two senior fitness tests: chair stand test and 8 foot up and go test. The skills to conserve balance in static and dynamic action were tested through the widespread Tinetti test. A control group was, also, tested during the same session but no physical training was administered. Results. Balance and strength training were related to gait performance. Indeed, all people increased the Tinetti score (at least one point), their performance about stand up and sit on the chair (19%), and decreased the time spent to stand up, walking a straight path with change of sense and return to sit on the chair (from 7.84 sec to 6.33 sec). The control group showed improvement but not significant from a statistic point of view. Conclusions. The balance and strength training allow to improve (p<0.05) not only gait capacity, but also other action characterizing daily living activity. So the adequate physical activity improves the quality of life and agrees the elderly to be independent.


This paper proposes a novel load recognition strategy for multi-port energy routers. The proposed strategy is embedded in power control loop, and can be employed during power transfer process. First, the energy router sends a specific frequency to the load using power/signal dual modulation in control loop (PSDM-CL) method. Second, the load modifies its input impedance at this frequency. Third, the energy router measures the load's input impedance to verify the compliance of the load. Since no extra wiring or communication circuits is needed by the proposed method, the method obtains advantages of low manufacturing and maintenance costs, and easy implementations. The principles of the proposed strategy, along with the necessary modifications in control loop, are introduced in detail in this paper. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed strategy is verified on a 2kW experimental platform.


This study investigated the effects of aging process on the mechanical properties and machinability in AA6013 aluminum alloy. To this end, AA6013 aluminum alloy samples were maintained in heat treatment furnace at 530°C (for 8 h) and placed in hot water (at 70°C), and then subjected to aging process by storing in heat treatment furnace (at 180°C) for various times (1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h). Changes in mechanical and machinability properties of samples that underwent aging process were investigated. At the end of the aging process, an increase was observed in mechanical properties of AA6013 alloy. Cutting forces increased during the machining of alloy depending on the increase in aging time. High mechanical properties were obtained at the end of the 6-h aging process of AA6013 aluminum alloy. A significant increase was observed between mechanical properties obtained at the end of the 6-h aging time and machinability properties with values obtained at the end of the 24th hour.


AIM
Delamanid is a novel drug to treat of drug-resistant tuberculosis, manufactured as 50 mg solid and 25 mg dispersible tablets. We evaluated the effects of dispersing the 50 mg tablet, focusing on the relative bioavailability.

METHODS
Delamanid 50 mg tablets administered dispersed versus swallowed whole, was investigated in a phase I, four-period, cross-over study. Two of three dose strengths of delamanid (25, 50 or 100 mg) were given to healthy adult participants, both in whole and dispersed forms, with seven-day washout period. Blood samples were collected over 168 hours after each dose. Delamanid and its metabolite DM-6705 were analysed with a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. The pharmacokinetics of both analytes were analysed using nonlinear mixed-effect modelling. Palatability and acceptability were determined using a standardized questionnaire.

RESULTS
Twenty-four participants completed the study. The bioavailability of dispersed tablets was estimated to be 107% of whole tablets, with 90% confidence interval of 99.7-114%, fulfilling bioequivalence criterion. The two formulations were not significantly different regarding either bioavailability or its variability. Bioavailability increased at lower doses, by 34% (26-42%) at 50 mg and by 74% (64-86%) at 25 mg, relative to 100 mg. The majority of participants (93%) found the dispersed formulation acceptable in palatability across all delamanid doses.

CONCLUSIONS
Dispersed 50 mg delamanid tablets have similar bioavailability to tablets swallowed whole in adult volunteers. This can be an option for children and other patients who cannot swallow whole tablets, improving access to treatment.


For the purpose of acquiring new users of public sports gyms during the weekday daytime, this study aimed to explore the barriers to using gyms. A questionnaire survey was conducted at a public sports complex with a gym. The subjects included participants in weekly sports and fitness lesson programs who had no experience using gyms (NO-EXPERIENCE, n=300) and those who were nonusers with experience using gyms (NONUSER, n=149). To clarify the characteristics of the subjects, regular gym users during weekday daytime were set as a comparison group (USER, n=83). The percentages of females in the NOEXPERIENCE, NONUSER, and USER groups were 46%, 91%, and 37% (significantly low) respectively; 60 years of age or older: 46%, 52%, and 42%; those who were very inactive in daily life: 5% (significantly low), 12%, and 13%. Regarding the important reasons for doing sports and exercise, comparing NO-EXPERIENCE and NOUSER to USER, the percentage of "maintaining/improving physical fitness" (78%, 76%, 55%), "relieving stress" (45%, 49%, 17%) and "pleasure in the spare time" (28%, 30%, 10%) were significantly higher, but "maintaining/improving strength and endurance" (54%, 48%, 53%) was not significant. Regarding the barriers to using gyms, comparing NO-EXPERIENCE to NOUSER, the percentage of "somehow hesitant" (42% to 21%) and "not interested" (19% to 3%) were significantly higher, and that of "congestion" (24% to 47%) was significantly lower. Among the two groups, the percentage of "do not know how to use the equipment" was high (NOEXPERIENCE: 31%, NONUSER: 29%), and those of "not fun" and "fear of injury" were low (NO-EXPERIENCE: 6%, 2%, NONUSER: 9%, 2%). The dissatisfaction with trainers and the difficulty to continue exercise at a gym alone were found in NONUSER's comments. Considering these results, it is suggested that a small group lesson program at gyms could be


Abstract : This is one in a series of algorithm analysis reports on work performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the US Army Intelligence Center and School covering selected algorithms in existing Intelligence and Electronic Warfare (IEW) systems. It focuses on self-correlation algorithms in five ELINT systems. These algorithms test a newly reported sighting against information already gathered to determine whether it represents a battlefield entity previously reported. In the systems surveyed (BETA, TCATA, ELINT PROCESSOR, ITEP, QUICKLOOK, AGTELIS) these decision tests were found to be mainly quasi-statistical using location, detection time, and various signal parametrics. The analysis focuses on the underlying assumptions (such as independence of sightings) which must hold for decisions based on these tests to be valid, the environmental factors (such as information available to the test) necessary for the assumptions to hold and failure modes when some of the assumptions are relaxed.


Syphilis remains a serious health threat for pregnant women and newborns though elimination of mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of syphilis is within reach. This paper focusing on Nigeria Zambia and India provides policy recommendations to strengthen commitment to EMTCT of syphilis and advance solutions that expand access to high-quality services.


Robertina Šebjanič, a Ljubljana artist, describes in this text her research-based artworks dealing with cultural, (bio)political and ecological realities of human imprint on aquatic environments and its consequences and challenges. Based on Paul Celan's quotation: 'there are still songs to sing beyond mankind', the author propose in this article to explore an odyssey of interspecies communication, a way of discovering parameters to restore a deep relationship within all of life and a key to better understanding of the earth's environment. The Aurelia 1+Hz project is divided in two parts: the performance Aurelia 1+Hz / proto viva sonification looks into a new critical redefinition of social values and new attitude towards cohabitation of interspecies, while the installation Aurelia 1+Hz / proto viva generator deals with the biopolicy of prolonging life. In the project Aquatocene, the artist investigates the phenomenon of underwater noise pollution created by humankind in the seas and oceans. It encourages rethinking the human impact on the (under)water habitats.


Nanostructured metal oxides, such as Cu2O, CeO2, {\alpha}-Fe2O3, and TiO2 can efficiently mediate photocatalysis for solar-to-chemical energy conversion and pollution remediation. In this contribution, we report a novel approach, dielectric Mie resonance-enhanced photocatalysis, to enhance the catalytic activity of metal oxide photocatalysts. Specifically, we demonstrate that Cu2O nanostructures exhibiting dielectric Mie resonances can exhibit up to an order of magnitude higher photocatalytic rate as compared to Cu2O nanostructures not exhibiting dielectric Mie resonances. Our finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation and experimental results predict a volcano-type relationship between the photocatalytic rate and the size of Cu2O nanospheres and nanocubes. Using transient absorption measurements, we reveal that a coherent electronic process associated with dielectric Mie resonance-mediated charge carrier generation is dominant in Cu2O nanostructures that exhibit higher photocatalytic rates. Although we experimentally demonstrate dielectric Mie resonance-enhanced photocatalysis using Cu2O particles here, based on our FDTD simulations, we anticipate the same can be achieved with other metal oxide photocatalysts, including CeO2, {\alpha}-Fe2O3, and TiO2.


This article provides a detailed review on the generalized dynamics of soft-matter quasicrystals developed recent years. Comparing to solid quasicrystals consisted mainly with metallic alloys, soft-matter quasicrystals have been observed in liquid crystals, polymers, colloids, nanoparticles, and surfactants, which indicate quite different formation mechanism. Based on Landau-Anderson theory and group representation theory, we have studied the symmetry, symmetry breaking and elementary excitations for the observed and possible soft-matter quasicrystals. We further proposed one more elementary excitation: fluid phonon additional to the phonon and phason for solid quasicrystals, to quantitatively describe the dynamics of soft-matter quasicrystals. The general governing equations and the solutions of the dynamics evolution on the distribution, deformation and motion of the new phase are studied, which reveal quite distinguishing dynamic behavior with those of conventional fluids and solid quasicrystals. Some applications are introduced, which show this is an important field of new materials and materials science.


Introduction : The concept of additionality evolves from the important idea that agencies working together in collaboration with communities have added capacity to deliver sustainable change particularly when dealing with "wicked issues".  These intractable issues are not amenable to change when agencies work alone in silos or in the absence of active community partnerships. The Healthy Strong Communities Consortium has been formed to address the issues of some of the most vulnerable populations within an inner city area of Sydney Australia.  It aims to address accommodation needs of people living with mental health issues; intergenerational trauma and disadvantage; and workforce capacity and capabilities.   These issues are addressed through strong relationships founded on working together. Change Implemented : The Healthy Strong Communities Consortium comprises over 14 state and local government and non-government organisations representing health, community services, education, family and community services, a primary health network, police, the university sector and consumers. Major changes include : A shared vision, agenda and workplan; Establishment of "Redlink" which is a community development model of care implemented within an inner city public housing estate; Healthy Homes and Neighbourhoods a coordinated multiagency initiative targeting vulnerable families especially those with parents with mental health illness; A boarding house improvement forum designed to address care and quality of accommodation for people living in inner city boarding houses; and A youth suicide forum to identify intersectoral strategies to address the rising rate of youth suicide, including Aboriginal people.  Major factors influencing success include strong trusting relationships between agencies; high level leadership to provide vision and resources for initiatives; commitment and capacity building; community engagement and accountability; and equity between partners. Targeted Population : The Healthy Strong Communities Collaboration's vision is to ensure that people who experience difficulty as a result of significant mental illness live in stable homes within safe, inclusive communities and receive better targeted and integrated services in the community.  Target groups are people living with mental health issues, vulnerable families and youth.  Timeline : The consortium first commenced in early 2015 and continues to evolve and adapt to emerging issues. Highlight : This multiagency partnership has been championed by Chief Executives from health and human services, as well as senior leaders from a broad range of non-government organisations. Other highlights include a multiagency strategy addressing boarding house issues; and a youth suicide prevention forum attended by over 100 representatives from government and non-government agencies, consumers and community groups. Sustainability : Significant changes have been reflected at all levels of service delivery from the frontline to governing boards.  Collaboration of staff of across all agencies has witnessed positive results for our targeted population.  While it is acknowledged these issues are challenging and complex the solution must be approached through a long term commitment. Integral to sustaining this important collaboration is consistent leadership; attention to relationships; and support for resources. Transferability : This multi-agency and community collaborative approach to explore, design and implement preventative and early intervention strategies could easily be adopted both locally and internationally.


Based on the concepts of niche count and crowding distance, a modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MPSO) is introduced. The niche count and crowding distance are used to determine the globally best particle across four test cases using an external file. A comparative analysis was carried out between MPSO and non-dominated sorting multi-objective adaptive genetic algorithms, both real-coded and binary-coded. The results show that MPSO based on the crowding distance is best for getting the Pareto front, especially for problems with high-dimensional and non-continuous Pareto fronts. In order to verify the efficiency of MPSO in solving engineering problems, the optimal design of the aerodynamic nose shape of high-speed trains was undertaken using a modified vehicle modeling function (MVMF) parametric method. Taking the aerodynamic drag of the whole train (Cd) and the aerodynamic lift of the trailer car (Cl) as the optimization goals, the Kriging surrogate model was introduced to reduce the computational time, and the MPSO based on crowding distance was used to find the Pareto front. The optimization results show that MPSO is efficient at getting the Pareto front; compared to the original shape, the Cd and Cl of the optimal shape are reduced by 1.6% and 29.74%, respectively.


BACKGROUND
Palliative systemic therapy can prolong life and reduce tumour related symptoms for patients with advanced oesophagogastric cancer. However, side effects of treatment could negatively impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Our aim was to review the literature and conduct a meta-analysis to examine the effect of palliative systemic therapy on HRQoL.

METHODS
EMBASE, Medline and CENTRAL were searched for phase II/III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) till April 2018 investigating palliative systemic therapy and HRQoL. Meta-analysis was performed on baseline and follow-up summary values of Global Health Status (GHS) and other EORTC scales. A clinically relevant change and difference of 10 points (scale 0-100) was set to assess the course of HRQoL over time within treatment arms as well as between arms.

RESULTS
We included 43 RCTs (N = 13,727 patients). In the first-line and beyond first-line treatment setting, pooled baseline GHS mean estimates were 54.6 (51.9-57.3) and 57.9 (55.7-60.1), respectively. Thirty-nine (81.3%) treatment arms showed a stable GHS over the course of time. Anthracycline-based triplets, fluoropyrimidine-based doublets without cisplatin, and the addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy were found to have favourable HRQoL outcomes. HRQoL benefit was observed for taxane monotherapy and several targeted agents over best supportive care beyond first-line.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients reported impaired GHS at baseline and generally remained stable over time. Anthracycline-based triplets and fluoropyrimidine-based doublets without cisplatin may be preferable first-line treatment options regarding HRQoL for HER2-negative disease. Taxanes and targeted agents could provide HRQoL benefit beyond first-line compared to best supportive care.


Chitosan/yttrium microsphere (Ch—Y) was prepared by coating chitosan on the surface of Y2(OH)5NO3 powders through w/o suspension cross-lingking method. The presence of functional groups and surface morphology of the adsorbent were characterized by SEM, XRD, IR and TEM. The Chitosan/yttrium microsphere (Ch—Y) kept a high adsorption ability at pH value of 3, and the capacity of adsorption was 52.39 mg · g-1. The adsorption data were fitted with Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. It was found that the removal of Cr (Ⅵ) by chitosan /yttrium microsphere was governed by electrostatic adsorption coupled reduction and complexation.


Mutual unobtrusive components and taught structures have earned constrained side enthusiasm from each steganographers and futurists within the end a couple years. Given the a la mode reputation of amicable start, authorities genuinely need the examination of neighbourhood-request frameworks. We depict an evaluation of checksums, which we perceive DaedalSai.


In this study, the intuitionistic fuzzy congruence relations on intuitionistic fuzzy abstract algebras were examined using Zadeh extension principle. Some basic properties of intuitionistic fuzzy congruence relations on n-ary operations were obtained.


Over the next several decades, it is expected that the use of renewable energy technologies will greatly expand as these technologies mature, as the cost of conventional energy supply increases, and as the environmental impact of fossil fuel usage is better understood. A critical question is whether the impact of renewables, in terms of displaced fossil fuel use and reduced environmental effects, can be significant. Certainly, public policy will have dramatic effects on this question. Given a positive policy environment, renewables have the potential to displace a significant fraction of projected energy use within 30-40 years. For the United States, renewables could contribute as much as 25-55 exajoules of energy annually by the year 2030, or 15-35{percent} of the projected total US energy consumption. 12 refs., 6 figs.


Objective To explore the application of HACCP system on aquatic products processing. Methods According to the application guidelines of HACCP system for food enterprises issued by Ministry of Health. Results Three critical control points including food addictives weighing, disinfection by steaming and boiling and detecting metal fragments were identified. Correspondingly, the control measures were strictly limiting the usage of food additives, thoroughly heating and elimination of metal fragments with diameter more than 1 2 mm. Conclusion Strictly limiting the usage of food additives, thoroughly heating and elimination of metal fragments were the key control measures in aquatic products processing.


Proposes a new interconnection network, the multi-level hypercube network (MLH). The MLH network is suitable for connecting a very large number of processors. It retains the ease of routing and broadcasting enjoyed by the hypercube network, but it requires a much less number of links than a comparable size hypercube network does. The paper analyzes the MLH network and calculates the average distance between two nodes under two different modes of communication, it also introduces efficient routing and broadcasting algorithms for MLH.<<ETX>>


Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence implant length on stress distribution at bone implant interface in single immediately loaded implants when placed in D4 bone quality. Materials and Methods: A 2-dimensional finite element models were developed to simulate two types of implant designs, standard 3.75 mm–diameter tapered body implants of 6 and 10 mm lengths. The implants were placed in D4 bone quality with a cortical bone thickness of 0.5 mm. The implant design incorporated microthreads at the crestal part and the rest of the implant body incorporated Acme threads. The Acme thread form has a 29° thread angle with a thread height half of the pitch; the apex and valley are flat. A 100 N of force was applied vertically and in the oblique direction (at an angle of 45°) to the long axis of the implants. The respective material properties were assigned. Micro-movements and stresses at the bone implant interface were evaluated. Results: The results of total deformation (micro-movement) and Von mises stress were found to be lower for tapered long implant (10 mm) than short implant (6 mm) while using both vertical as well as oblique loading. Conclusion: Short implants can be successfully placed in poor bone quality under immediate loading protocol. The novel approach of the combination of microthreads at the crestal portion and acme threads for body portion of implant fixture gave promising results.


ABSTRACT Background Education and training in global health and social justice is crucial to ensuring the next generation of health professionals are poised to tackle the pressing issues of our time. Objectives To develop and implement an intensive summer course on global health and social justice for high school students at the University of Southern California. Methods This paper reviews the course aims and curriculum, its implementation both onsite and online, and reports on student course evaluations and long-term student outcomes. Results Student satisfaction with the program was extremely high, which endured when the course went virtual during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most popular elements of the course included interactive, game-based activities and guest speakers. Many students reported that the course motivated them to pursue higher education and careers in global health or related fields. Conclusions More universities should consider offering summer programs or other extension programs targeting high school students in order to meet the increasing demand for global health education. Recommendations for implementing global health courses for younger learners include having an interdisciplinary focus with a range of topics and diverse perspectives; provision of scholarships to allow low-income students and students from abroad to participate; prioritizing the integration of active learning and experiential educational opportunities; and incorporating debriefing and reflection as integral parts of learning.


This highlight surveys recent progress in groups 6–10 metal carbonyl cluster-based coordination polymers, focusing on diverse synthetic strategies, versatile structures, structural transformations, and semiconducting as well as magnetic properties.


The present invention discloses a biocidal composition comprising hydrogen peroxide in a concentration of 0.05-50% (w/w) and a compound with a structure according to Formula 1: R-O-(CH(Y)-CH2-O)n-CH2-COOH, wherein R is an alkyl or alkenylene radical containing 6-12 carbon atoms, Y is H or CH3, and n is 3- 10, in a concentration of 0.01-60% (w/w). An especially preferred compound according to Formula 1 is R is 6 or 8 and n is 3-8.


It is the consensus that the rapid increase of the ageing population has become a global phenomenon. In 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) advanced a handbook called Global Age-friendly Cities: A Guide. The core concept of the age-friendly cities (AFC) movement is 'active ageing'. Taiwan became one of the few Asian countries that initially responded to the WHO AFC movement in 2010. Following the guidance set by the WHO, Taiwan began its promotion at a national level, and with local authorities. However, during the advocacy process, the fundamental differences between Eastern and Western cultures in terms of family values and deep-rooted respect for the elderly have raised an awareness of the need for an oriental paradigm. This paper identifies three key elements for AFC promotion in East Asian countries based on an analysis of Taiwan's experience: during needs assessment take collectivism into consideration, during action plans at the community level community leaders' views will be more important (particularism), and when promoting AFC at the institutional level a top-down approach will be more acceptable (high power distance concept).


Cancer is one of the most deadly diseases. Even today a lot of research is going on to understand the various aspects of this neoplasm in order to improve the treatment modalities and thus the life of the affected. The role of tumor associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) has gained much impetus as it is believed to play important role in the biological behavior of the tumor. There are contradictory reports with respect to malignancy and hence its functional role remains ambiguous. We report a case of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with TATE and review of literature of the same. A 58 year old female patient presented with a shallow ulcer on the palate. On clinical examination, left submandibular lymph nodes were enlarged and tender on palpation with slightly raised surface temperature. Fine needle aspiration cytology from submandibular lymph nodes was suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma. Incisional biopsy from ulcer confirmed the diagnosis of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, with the striking feature of tissue eosinophilia. Haematological investigations revealed differential & absolute eosinophil count which was not significant. The review of literature revealed contradictory findings with respect to TATE as a prognostic factor in OSCC patients. It has been found to have a favourable, a poorer or even no influence on patient's outcome, thus remaining a matter of controversy.


After a survey of alternative theoretical approaches to modeling financial markets, the domestic and international financial linkages of major multicountry models are examined and assessed. The properties of these models are compared by calculating the slopes of their UI and BP curves for the United States, Germany, and Japan. The BP curves (horizontal by assumption in several models) are almost always found to be flatter than the estimated UN curves. International differences in UI slopes are not generally greater than inter-model differences in the estimated slopes of LN curves for any given country. Models with rational or model-consistent expectations in their financial markers tend to show mere appreciation of the U.S. dollar, in response to fiscal expansion, than do models with adaptive expectations, although in both types of model the induced nominal exchange rate changes play a modest role in the transmission linking domestic spending to the current account. Suggestions are made for modeling the increasing globalization of financial markets, and for more explicit treatment of learning behaviour in the modeling of expectations.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is a polyurethane prepolymer having free isocyanate groups which are not blocked, and ethenylarylene monoisocyanate, a polyol, a compound having a polyamine and / or hydroxyl group and an amino group, an adduct isocyanate-reactive groups can be prepared by reacting a adduct obtained by reacting to remain at least one lateral of the ethenylarylene group and / or terminal ethenylarylene group in self-crosslinking polyurethane having a (B); (meth) acrylate copolymer (a) at least one and polyurethane (B) containing at least one lateral and / or terminal ethenylarylene group and blocked isocyanate groups Oleh of self-crosslinking with a At least one emission unsaturated polyurethane (B) is dispersed in an aqueous medium, then, a monomer which can be copolymerized with the monomers (a1) and the monomer having having at least one isocyanate-reactive functional groups (a2 ) and a self-crosslinking graft copolymer can be prepared by polymerizing radical emulsion copolymerization in the presence of the polyurethane (B); and self-crosslinking of the coating materials, self-crosslinking for producing adhesives and sealing compositions the use of the polyurethane (B) and / or self-crosslinking graft copolymer.


Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for leader-member exchange (LMX) in the context of global integration strategy of multinational corporations (MNC). Further, interaction effects of leader's network centrality and leader's alignment with MNC policies on leader-member exchange and resource accessibility relationship are proposed.Design/methodology/approach: The paper begins with the notion that different units in a subsidiary of an MNC are likely to have different requirements for integration within the MNC network. This paper extends the literature by suggesting that employees working in the same unit of a subsidiary of an MNC are likely to have different perception of the degree of integration of their subsidiary with other nodes in the MNC network.Findings: We posit that employees forming the 'in-group' of a well-aligned unit leader are more likely to (i) perceive their subsidiary as more integrated than the 'out-group' employees; (ii) contribute more by way of knowledge transfer than the 'out-group' employees; and (iii) perform better than the 'out-group' employees. Research implications: The research has implications for the role of subsidiary leaders in shaping the perceptions of their subordinates towards the global integration strategy of an MNC.Originality/value: The study fills a gap by integrating the LMX and MNC global integration strategy literatures and proposing the existence of perceptual differences, even at subordinate level.


Abstract The lubricant storing and releasing ability of the thermally sprayed surfaces plays an essential role in the proper operation of the components. In the case of porous sprayed surfaces the lubricant storing and releasing ability depends mainly on porosity and the surface energy (adhesion susceptibility). The adhesion ability can also be expressed indirectly with an index number that is by determining the surface free energy.


Abstract : As the number of civilian users of the United States Air Force's Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS) continues to increase at such a staggering rate, the government's exposure to potential liability also increases. The purpose of this thesis is to establish a legal framework to apply to GPS-related claims against the United States, primarily against the Air Force as operator of the system. Part I consists of three chapters. Following an introductory chapter, Chapter II describes the system and the general characteristics of GPS. Chapter III outlines the military uses of the system and the increasing and evolving civilian uses. Part II discusses the liability ramifications of providing GPS services for civilian use. Chapter IV provides the statutory bases for the U.S. government's traditional role in regulating civil aviation and maritime navigation. Chapter V analyzes the applicable domestic law under the existing statutes waiving the sovereign immunity of the United States, and Chapter VI looks at liability under international law. Chapter VII then draws some general conclusions as to how the existing law may apply to the government in regulating GPS use and operating the system itself.


We propose a self-similar (SS) solution to hydrodynamic non-relativistic flow behind a spherical strong blast wave (BW) passing through a homogeneous plasma with efficient relativistic particle acceleration at the shock front. The flow is described by an ideal two-fluid model with a relativistic component so that the post-shock gas has an effective SS adiabatic index $ \gamma $ varying from $ 5/3 $ to $ 4/3 $. This solution is calculated numerically and compared with the standard Sedov solution. We find that the BW center in our solution is dominated by the relativistic component with $ \gamma =4/3 $ for the divergence of expansion there, and the relativistic component dominates the interior for a moderate acceleration efficiency at the shock front. The overall efficiency of relativistic particle acceleration can be enhanced by a factor of $ 2 $ due to the slower adiabatic energy loss rate of the relativistic component during expansion. Tendency of the dominance by the relativistic component may be common in expanding astrophysical two-fluid systems such as supernova remnants, lobes of radio galaxies.


Several studies have convincingly shown the regressive effect of soft consonants on vowels in standard Lithuanian (Kliukienė, 2003; 2004; 2005). The present research is focused on long
stressed vowels and their acoustic features. More specifically, it deals with spectral features of long stressed front vowels of high [i·], medium [·], low [e·] and varying [ie] raising as well as back vowels of high [u·], medium [o·], low [a·] and varying [uo] raising in the positions where they
precede soft (palatalized) and hard consonants. It is hypothesized here that soft consonants have a regressive effect on the quality of long vowels. The material of this study was processed by the speech analysis software PRAAT (v. 5.0.06) developed by Paul Boersma and David Weenink from the University of Amsterdam, while the significance of the findings was tested by the Student's criterion. The experimental investigation of the acoustic features of the stressed long vowels in standard Lithuanian provided convincing evidence which proves that soft consonants regressively modify the quality of vowels, namely, phonemes [i·], [·], [e·], [ie], [o·], [a·] are realized by variants of different quality and articulation before soft and hard consonants; the most significant differences have been observed between the allophones of front vowels of low and varying raising; less prominent differences characterize the back long vowels [u·] and [uo] occurring before soft and hard consonants.

Keywords: long vowels; hard consonants; soft consonants; regressive influence on vowels; vowel spectrum


This report describes the activities and strategies of a wide variety of partnerships between community colleges and workforce boards, with key takeaways that can assist other community colleges an...


............................................................................................................................ iii List of Novels, Novellas and Short Stories set in Lyra Belacqua's World .................. iv Novels ........................................................................................................................................ iv Novellas ..................................................................................................................................... iv Short Stories ............................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vi Chapter One: Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Philip Pullman and The Lyra Collection .......................................................................... 1 1.1.1 An Introduction to Philip Pullman ................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Genre and Audience ...................................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 The Lyra Collection ....................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Justification .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Limitations of the Study ..................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Aims and Objectives ........................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Structure of the Thesis ........................................................................................................ 8 Chapter Two: Commensality: Shared Eating and Drinking Experiences ................ 10 2.1 What is Commensality? .................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Socio-Cultural Boundaries of Commensal Circles ......................................................... 11 2.3 Commensality and Social Class ....................................................................................... 14 2.4 Social Functions of Commensality ................................................................................... 15 2.4.1 Inclusion and Exclusion ............................................................................................... 15 2.4.2 Commensality and Social Bonding .............................................................................. 16 2.5 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 19 Chapter Three: Character Connection ......................................................................... 21 3.1 Interpersonal Relationships in Groups ........................................................................... 21 3.2 Considering Character Connection ................................................................................. 23 3.3 Characters in the Worlds of Philip Pullman .................................................................. 26 3.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 27 Chapter Four: Methodology .......................................................................................... 29 4.1 Research Design ................................................................................................................ 29 4.2 Materials ............................................................................................................................ 30 4.3 Data Collection .................................................................................................................. 31 4.4 Thematic Analysis ............................................................................................................. 31 4.5 Data Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 32 4.6 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 36 Chapter Five: Findings ................................................................................................... 37 5.1 Position, Prominence and Prestige .................................................................................. 37 5.1.1 What Characters Eat and Drink ................................................................................... 37 5.1.2 Where Characters Eat and Drink ............................................................................ 41 5.2 Antagonism: Rule, Rivalry and Rejection ...................................................................... 47 5.2.1 Dominance ................................................................................................................... 47 5.2.2 Rivalry and Power Plays .............................................................................................. 48 5.2.3 Exclusion ..................................................................................................................... 51 5.3 Social Bonding: Family, Friends and Familiars ............................................................. 51 5.3.1 Kinship ......................................................................................................................... 51 5.3.2 Intimacy ....................................................................................................................... 54 5.3.3 Fellowship.................................................................................................................... 55 5.3.4 Alliance ........................................................................................................................ 57 5.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 58 Chapter Six: Discussion of the Findings ....................................................................... 60 6.1 Commensality: Sharing Food and Drink in Pullman's Imagined Societies ................. 60 6.2 Commensal Circles in the Texts ....................................................................................... 63 6.3 Social Functions of Commensality in the Texts .............................................................. 65 6.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 69 Chapter Seven: Conclusion and Further Recommendations ..................................... 70 7.1 Final Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 70 7.2 Further Recommendations ............................................................................................... 75 Reference List .................................................................................................................. 76 1 Chapter One: Introduction This thesis aims to investigate what shared food and drink experiences can reveal about character connection in Philip Pullman's Lyra Collection. This research was conducted in partial fulfilment of the award of Masters in Gastronomy and Food Studies at Technological University Dublin. Food studies is a burgeoning, interdisciplinary field of study which focuses on the ties between food and culture. In particular, food studies is interested in human relationships with food. For this reason, much work within the discipline is approached from the perspectives of social science and the humanities (Miller and Deutsch, 2009). This chapter aims to provide a framework for the study by presenting a background to the author and to the works included in the study, as well as providing context for 'food in literature' as a field of study within food studies. Justification for the research is also presented along with the research aims, objectives and limitations of the study, aswell as, a brief outline of the chapters in the thesis. 1.1 Philip Pullman and The Lyra Collection 1.1.1 An Introduction to Philip Pullman Sir Philip Pullman is regarded as one of the leading authors writing today (Fields, 2019) and his work has garnered considerable praise from both critics and academics (Dirda, 1997; Gooderham, 2003; Thompson, 2004; Moruzi, 2005; Freitas and King, 2007; Lenz, 2008; Gruner, 2011; Feldt, 2016; Cottrell Boyce, 2017; Craig, 2019; Swank, 2019; Wagner, 2019). Pullman was born in 1946 in Norwich, England and describes his childhood as "rich and varied" (in Yentob, 2018). He spent much of his younger years living abroad in Zimbabwe and Australia as his father and later his stepfather served in the RAF (Yentob, 2018). Pullman's father died when he was seven, after which he lived with his grandparents for a


Many people use smartphone these days. There are many studies on the effects of smartphones on our bodies, but there is a lack of research on balance and dizziness. The purpose of this study was to determine how a healthy person's balance and dizziness is affected by using smart devices. Twenty four healthy adults in their twenties were assigned to the 10-minute and 20-minute group based on the duration of the smartphone game. To evaluate the effects of smartphone games on the balance and dizziness of the participants, we evaluated their balance and dizziness before and after playing the smartphone game. Balance was measured using a force plate (Wii Balance Board, Balancia version 2.0, Mintosys Inc., Seoul, KR) and dizziness was measured using the Simulator sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). There was a significant difference in balance among both groups before and after playing the smartphone game (p .05). Regarding dizziness, the SSQ score indicated minimal symptoms in the 10-minute group, while it revealed significant symptoms in the 20-minute group. In this study, playing a smartphone game for 10 minutes and 20 minutes was found to affect balance. Further, it was found that playing a smartphone game for 20 minutes may lead to a significant level of dizziness.


This PhD-study is preformed within the framework of NOMIRACLE, an EU-funded project in which thirty-eight institutions from 17 countries will work together for 5 years on the development and improvement of methods to analyse, characterise and quantify the combined risks to human health or the environment from multiple stressors. Examples of such multiple stressors are mixtures of chemicals or chemicals in combination with biological or physiological environmental factors, such as pathogens and climatic conditions.


The fillets from nine different freshwater fishes were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry for their contents of the minerals: sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus, and the trace elements: iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, arsenic, mercury and cadmium. The element concentrations based on wet weight and the percentage covering of the Recommended Daily Intakes (RDI) in a portion of 200 g fillet are given for the essential elernents. The percentage of the Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) in a corresponding meal size is given for mercury and cadmium. Relative to the percentage covering of the RDI-values, the fish fillets were rich sourcts of phosphorus and selenium. The potassium content were about three times higher than the sodium content and covered up to 40% of the RDI-value in a meal portion of fish fillet. For the other eiements the fillets were poor dietary sources, especially for calcium and manganese, for which a portion of 200 g covered only 1-5% of the RDI-values. Arsenic and cadmium concentrations were low and represented no dietary hazard. The mercury content of the fish fillets ranged between 0.1 and 0.8 mglkg. These relatively high concentrations give certain restrictions on the dietary intake, and this concerns particularly the burbot and arctic char analysed in the present study.


Giovanni Bellini is one of the great integrating figures of European painting. To indicate his position in the broadest terms, we might say that in such a work as the San Giobbe Madonna he synthesized the intellectual exploration of the third dimension typical of the Tuscan masters (which we may symbolize by such a work as Masaccio's Trinity fresco in Santa Maria Novella) and the empirical exploration of light as the informant of space characteristic of the Flemish school (which we may symbolize by Jan Van Eyck's Madonna of Canon Van der Paele). Thus Bellini laid the foundations of modern painting and made it possible for Titian to transmit the discoveries of the Renaissance to later generations as a living tradition. But although his rble was that of a unifier-or perhaps because of that very facthis own work shows a diversity which has to some extent baffled his critics; and the most clear-cut and unitary accounts of his personality and development, such as that of Fry (which is still in some respects the best book on the painter), have been achieved by concentrating on what is now seen to be only a part of his activity. The object of the present paper is to examine and to attempt to explain certain apparent contradictions in his earlier work which cannot be satisfactorily resolved either by the simple expedient of rejecting attributions or by purely chronological manipulations. These problems centre in the first instance round the four triptychs from the Carith, now in the Accademia, and the polyptych of St. Vincent Ferrer in SS. Giovanni e Paolo, and the relation of these monumental but relatively coarse works to paintings of such exquisite refinement as the 'Agony in the Garden' in the National Gallery which appear to be approximately of the same date. The question of the date of Giovanni's birth naturally bears on the dating of his earliest paintings. Some recent scholarship has favoured the view that he was born as early as about 1425,2 but I should like to go over the arguments which have been advanced to show that it cannot have been before 1430. According to Francesco Negro in his De Principiis, a work dedicated to Doge Leonardo Loredan and consequently written between 1501 and 1521 (that is to say, at the latest reckoning within five years of Giovanni's death), Gentile was the elder of the Bellini brothers,3 and this is confirmed by the order in which their names appeared, along with that of their father, in the recorded signature on the lost Gattamelata altar in Padua.4 Anna Bellini, the wife of Jacopo, made a will on 6th February 1429 when expecting her first child.5 If Giovanni was not the eldest child he cannot have been born before


We present a case report of an appendicular mass following blunt abdominal trauma with emphasis on clinical assessment in blunt abdominal trauma. This appears to be the first case report of this type with blunt abdominal trauma presenting with an appendicular mass. INTRODUCTION Blunt abdominal trauma is a routine surgical emergency and affects almost all organs. It continues to cause morbidity and mortality. Causative relationship between blunt abdominal trauma and appendicitis is still under speculation. Appendicitis has variable clinical course and outcome, sometimes it may be complicated by an appendicular mass.


Hadoop-MapReduce is one of the dominant parallel data processing tool designed for large scale data-intensive cloud computing platforms. Hadoop Mapreduce framework requires a proficient mechanism to allocate and schedule computing resources which makes it liable to accomplish the desired preferences for the specific business application. In this paper, an analysis of a few scheduler improvement methods that improves the completion time of the job or the task has been carried out in order to facilitate a judicious choice of the scheduler based on the requirement and application expectations .


According to the tidal data of Daliaohe River Tianzhuangtai Station and Yingkou Station in 2013 and 2014, the tidal data of a single station in many years and multi station at same year are researched, we obtain the current situation of Daliaohe River downstream tidal, it provides the tidal patterns for the shipping in the downstream, conservancy construction and the urban drainage on the both sides of Daliaohe River.


This research thesis discusses Jacqueline Wilson's The Story of Tracy Beaker about Tracy Beaker, a ten years old girl living in a children's home waiting for her mother to pick her up. The purpose of this study is to discover the causes and impacts of the absence of the mother's love for the main character, Tracy Beaker. The writer uses psychological methods and close reading methods with characters, conflict, and setting theories for the intrinsic elements and John Bowlby's attachment theory for the extrinsic elements. The result of the research indicates that the main character, Tracy Beaker, has increased aggression, delinquency, and affectionless psychopathy because she is abandoned by her biological mother.Keywords: Jacqueline Wilson; love; attachment


The World of Magic can be regarded as a symbol for de Martino's fundamental role as a promoter for the study of religion on the Italian peninsula. Because of his involvement with some of Italy's most distinguished publishers, such as Giangiacomo Feltrinelli (1926–1972), Alberto Mondadori (1914–1976), and Giulio Einaudi (1912–1999), it has been argued that "half of the books published in the field of anthropology and religious studies" between the late 1940s until the mid-sixties, 'carried the stamp of de Martino'."1 His collaboration with the Einaudi publishing house was an immense success, leading to the publication of a series known as Collection of Religious, Anthropological, and Psychological Studies (Collezione di studi religiosi, etnologici e psicologici).2 It was co-directed by de Martino and the renowned Italian literary figure Cesare Pavese (1908– 1950) until the latter's suicide in 1950. Supported by Raffaele Pettazzoni and Angelo Brelich, two important historians of religion—who collaborated with translations and introductions3—the series is also commonly known by the name Purple Series (Collana viola) for the distinguishing color of its cover. However, his magnum opus also stands for de Martino's isolation within this disciplinary matrix. Indeed, his professional development as a historian of religion was not burgeoning as he had hoped. In 1948, after his book was published as the first volume of the Purple Series, de Martino was rejected from a teaching position in anthropology at the Sapienza University in Rome. There, two of his closest allies, Boccassino and Pettazzoni, considered his work to be too philosophical and not anthropological enough. In the words of one


Until we establish professional standards of practice for cybersecurity, Internet commerce will be punctuated by calamities like the Sony exploit of 2014. We continue to put a growing percentage of our assets online, providing organized vandals, criminals, and terrorists with lucrative targets such as Sony Pictures Entertainment. As the facts of Sony's experience become public, we are seeing important lessons for the Internet enterprise and notable implications for the discipline of security engineering.


Background; Recent data from various parts of the world have led to the conclusion that more than 80 % of CVD deaths occur in developing countries like Pakistan. This high burden of heart diseases is largely attributed to the industrial and technological progress which is associated with economic and social transformations which have lead to life style modification and sedentary life style. This study was planned to ascertain mortality rate of premature coronary artery disease in patients with AMI as it directly affects main workforce of our national economy. Objective; To determine role of diabetes with mortality in premature coronary artery disease patients with acute myocardial infarction.  Material and methods; A total of 145 patients having premature coronary artery disease presenting with acute myocardial infarction were included in this descriptive study. This study was conducted in the department of medicine, Nishtar Hospital, Multan from June 2018 to May 2019. These patients were followed during current hospitalization to see mortality in these patients and all the findings were noted in the proforma. Results; Of these 145 study cases, 96 (66.2%) were male patients and 49 (33.8%) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was noted to be 47.67 ± 7.59 years. Mean time taken before presentation at hospital was 113.79 ± 54.36 minutes. Hypertension was present in 58 (40%), smoking in 39 (26.9%), family history of IHD in 67 (46.2%) and obesity in 49 (33.8%) of our study cases. Mortality was noted to be in 19 (13.1%) of our study cases, post MI angina was seen in 36 (24.8%) and cardiogenic shock was noted in 29 (20%). Diabetes was present in 48 (33.1%) of our study cases while in – hospital mortality among diabetic patients was 18 /48 (37.5%) (p=0.001). Conclusion; Our study results indicate that diabetic patients with premature coronary artery disease having acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have high rates of mortality. Positive family history, hypertension, obesity and diabetes were major risk factors noted in our study. Life style modification and early screening of the cases with positive family history in first degree relatives can help prevent heart diseases in our population as it hits main workforce and has negative impact on national productivity. Keywords; Premature coronary artery disease, mortality, diabetes, Myocardial infarction. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/55-14 Publication date :May 31 st 2019


We conducted observations of multiple HC3N (J = 10−9, 12−11, and 16−15) lines and the N2H+ (J = 1−0) line toward a large sample of 61 ultracompact (UC) H ii regions, through the Institut de Radioastronomie Millmétrique 30 m and the Arizona Radio Observatory 12 m telescopes. The N2H+ J = 1−0 line is detected in 60 sources and HC3N is detected in 59 sources, including 40 sources with three lines, 9 sources with two lines, and 10 sources with one line. Using the rotational diagram, the rotational temperature and column density of HC3N were estimated toward sources with at least two HC3N lines. For 10 sources with only one HC3N line, their parameters were estimated, taking one average value of T rot. For N2H+, we estimated the optical depth of the N2H+ J = 1−0 line, based on the line intensity ratio of its hyperfine structure lines. Then the excitation temperature and column density were calculated. When combining our results in UC H ii regions and previous observation results on high-mass starless cores, the N(HC3N)/N(N2H+) ratio clearly increases from the region stage. This means that the abundance ratio changes with the evolution of high-mass star-forming regions (HMSFRs). Moreover, positive correlations between the ratio and other evolutionary indicators (dust temperature, bolometric luminosity, and luminosity-to-mass ratio) are found. Thus we propose the ratio of N(HC3N)/N(N2H+) as a reliable chemical clock of HMSFRs.


Objective To study the relationships of pre-menstrual syndrome(PMS) and expression of GABAA receptor β2 subunit mRNA in hippocampus.Method The expression of GABAA receptor β2 subunit mRNA in rat hippocampus was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR between normal group,model group and Baixiangdan Capsules group.Result Compared with the normal group,the expression of GABAA receptor β2 subunit mRNA was significantly high in hippocampus of the model group,and Baixiang dan Capsules decreased the high expression of it.Conclusion The pathogenesis of PMS with the syndrome of reversed liver qi is concerned with GABAA receptor subunit β2 in hippocampus.


In this paper, we use census data on several cohorts of secondary school students in England matched to detailed information on place of residence to investigate the effect of neighbours' background characteristics and prior achievements on teenagers' educational and behavioural outcomes. Our analysis focuses on the age-11 to age-16 time-lapse, and uses variation in neighbourhood composition over this period that is driven by residential mobility. Exploiting the longitudinal nature and detail of our data, we are able to control for pupil unobserved characteristics, neighbourhood fixed-effects and time-trends, schoolby- cohort unobservables, as well as students' observable attributes and prior attainments. Our results provide little evidence that neighbours' characteristics significantly affect pupil test score progression during secondary education. Similarly, we find that neighbourhood composition only exerts a small effect on pupil behavioural outcomes, such as general attitudes towards schooling, substance use and anti-social behaviour.


A system realization algorithm is used to identify a structural model directly from input and response measurement data. The algorithm starts with computing the information matrix to derive a special correlation matrix that in turn produces the system observability matrix. A system model can then be identified from the observability matrix. Finally an algorithm was developed which produced a modal model, including stiffness matrix and damping matrix, from this state space system realization. Verification of the method through both numerical simulation and experimental data from shaking table test is carried out in this study.


Background:
 Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem that causes significant mortality and morbidity. It is important to assess the association of diabetes with emotional disturbances symptoms like depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms so that we can detect early those psychiatric problems and treat them in order to have adequate glycemic control, less diabetic complications, improve quality of life, and good medication adherence .
 Despite this, emotional disturbances are consistently under-diagnosed and under-treated by physicians in general medical patients.
Objectives:
 This study aims to determine the prevalence of emotional disturbances among patients with diabetes mellitus and to assess the severity of depressive symptoms among those patients.

Methodology:
 This is a prospective cross sectional study conducted on a sample of 191 patients with diabetes mellitus attending the diabetic clinic at the Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang state, Malaysia over a period of 10 months. The prevalence and severity of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms were assessed in those diabetic patients by using the self-rating Bahasa Malaysia version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-42) which had been translated and validated previously by researchers (Ramli M, Ariff MF, Zaini Z).
Results:
 The prevalence of depression was 13.6% among diabetic patients and more common among females than males and most of depressed patient had moderate depression (5.8%), while the prevalence of anxiety was 28.8%which is significantly higher in female patients and most of the patients had moderate anxiety (11.5%). The prevalence of stress was 11.5% and more among women and most of the patients had mild stress (7.3%)
Conclusion:
 Emotional disturbances including depression, stress, and anxiety are common among patients with diabetes mellitus.


The basic principle of the optic fiber monitoring technology is briefly presented and the application of the optical fiber monitoring technology in Metro works is described on basis of project case of Metro stations under construction.Some helpful probes are made into the application of the new monitoring technology in Metro works in China.


We designed, fabricated and measured the performance of nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) switches. Initial data are reported with one of the switch designs having a measured switching time of 400 ns and an operating voltage of 5 V. The switches operated laterally with unmeasurable leakage current in the 'off' state. Surface micromachining techniques were used to fabricate the switches. All processing was CMOS compatible. A single metal layer, defined by a single mask step, was used as the mechanical switch layer. The details of the modeling, fabrication and testing of the NEMS switches are reported.


The overwhelming abundance of information need to follow a structure for its meaningful organization and hence perception and cognition and recognition by human beings for various utilization as the case may be. However a holistic approach towards information architecture cross media following systems approach is absent. Hence this paper aims at fulfilling this gap by evolving a conceptual model for information architecture. The conceptual model has been visualized as a fundamental for information structuring, processing, representation, and dissemination irrespective of the medium and its variations. It also adapts the systems approach towards information and defines a dimensional structural system for the same. In order to justify the workability of the model an information and knowledge dissemination model has been designed using computer based interactive education medium.


The invention discloses a FastRVM(fast relevance vector machine) wastewater treatment fault diagnostic method. The method includes the following steps that: 1) samples with incomplete properties in samples to be recognized in wastewater data are removed, since the dimensions of the properties of the samples are different, the samples are normalized to an interval of [0, 1]; 2) based on a clustering fast relevance vector machine, the majority of types of data are compressed; 3) the synthetic minority over samplingtechnique is adopted to expand the minority of types of data; 4) a "one-to-one" fast relevance vector machine multi-classification model is established; and 5) fast relevance vector machine wastewater fault diagnosis modeling is carried out. According to the FastRVM wastewater treatment fault diagnosis method of the invention, the majority of types of data are compressed based on the clustering fast relevance vector machine, and the minority of types of data are expanded through the synthetic minority over sampling technique, and therefore, the imbalance of wastewater data can be decreased; and the fast RVM is adopted to establish a multi-classification model for a wastewater biochemical treatment process, and therefore, the accuracy of fault diagnosis on a wastewater biological wastewater treatment system can be effectively improved.


The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and risk tolerance on investment intention of Surabayanese in peer to peer lending. This study is conclusive causality research with quantitative research data using a purposive sampling method and a random sampling method to get samples. Data in this study obtained by a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The sample used in this study were 200 Surabaya's workforce. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS program. The result is based on hypothesis testing that shows that attitude toward behavior and risk tolerance significantly influences investment intention. While the subjective norm and perceived behavioral control do not affect investment intention. It is because of the distribution respondents that dominated by young people that have age between 18-25 years. The respondents have a low belief in their social relations. It was also caused by respondents who have less information about fintech P2P lending which come up in Indonesia in 2016 and classified as a new type of investment.


Objective To analyze the standard staff allocation so as to rationally allot and use the human resources in operation room via survey of human resources in operation room.Methods Retrospective investigation was performed in hospital. The workload data of staff with different titles of technical position in the past five years(1999~2003) were statistically treated and analyzed.Results There was no significant difference between the changes of workload of the chief nurses. The working time of senior nurses was decreased,but the working time of junior nurses was increased.Conclusions The scientific personnel mechanism should be configured,thus achieving the rational allocation of human resources in the operation room.


© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2022. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. DESCRIPTION A male patient in his seventh decade of life presented to the otorhinolaryngology department due to a 3 month history of progressive nasal pyramid broadening (figure 1). He denied nasal obstruction, epistaxis, rhinorrhoea or post nasal drip. There were no systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss or night sweats. The patient also denied facial pain, numbness or visual symptoms. His medical history included ischaemic and valvular heart disease and aortic aneurysm. He had nonsmoking habits and moderate alcohol intake. Rhinoscopy revealed right enlargement of nasal pyramid at the level of nasal bones and a rightsided painless submucosal hard mass occupying the superior meatus and superior aspect of nasal vestibule, as shown in figure 2. Remaining ENT examination was otherwise unremarkable. CTscan findings demonstrated a heterogeneous mass with inside calcifications (figure 3). Incisional biopsy was undertaken in an outpatient setting and histopathological analysis demonstrated the presence of amorphous deposits, suggesting the presence of amyloid protein after applegreen birefringence under polarised light in Congored stained sections. Patient was then referred for observation by internal medicine. Systemic amyloidosis was excluded after unremarkable blood counts, biochemistry, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum protein electrophoresis and absence of Bence Jones protein in urine analysis. Rectal biopsy specimens, bone marrow aspirates, pulmonary function tests, echocardiography and abdominal ultrasound were also unremarkable. So, the final diagnosis of nasal localised amyloidosis was achieved. Due to cardiovascular disease and absence of symptoms, it was decided to keep the patient under clinical surveillance. After 8 months of followup, the lesion remains stable. Amyloidosis is a rare group of diseases characterised by idiopathic extracellular deposition of insoluble amorphous protein fibrils (amyloid) in multiple organs and tissues. It is usually systemic, but it can be localised to a specific organ or tissue in 10%–20% of the cases. Localised amyloidosis most commonly occurs at head and neck and it primarily affects larynx and oropharynx. The involvement of nasal cavities is exceedingly rare, with less than 40 cases described in literature to date. The pathophysiology of localised amyloidosis is poorly understood, but it has been proposed that light chains are locally produced and deposited by plasma cells. Imaging findings usually consist in welldefined


Background Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in adolescence are associated with adverse outcomes, but whether the timing of the onset of TBIs leads to greater deficits has not been determined. We evaluate the relationship between the first and most recent TBI, and current academic performance and medically treated physical injuries. Methods Data were derived from the 2015 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS) administered to adolescents in grades 7 to 12 (ages 12 to 18). TBI was defined as a head injury that resulted in loss of conscious for at least five minutes or at least one overnight hospitalization. Results One in five students reported having had a history of TBI in their lifetime and were more prevalent in males. Odds ratios were 2 times higher for males to have had their first (or only) and most recent TBI in grades 5 to 8, compared to females. Sports-related TBIs accounted for 41.1% of all TBIs. Hockey related TBIs were more frequent compared to soccer related TBIs. Reports of history of TBI was associated with lower academic performance and more physical injuries. First or only TBI occurring in grades 9–12 (occurring on average between 14 to 19 years of age) had higher significant odds of poorer academic performance than TBIs occurring in earlier grades (younger ages than 14 years old). Students who reported more visits for medical treatment of physical injuries in the past year had higher odds to report a history of TBIs in higher school grades. Conclusions Adverse physical and academic outcomes among young TBI survivors are associated with the onset and frequency of history of lifetime TBI. Prevention efforts to minimize TBIs during youth is critical.


Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out on benzene in aqueous solution and clathrate hydrate (structure II cages) in order to compare the stability of the systems and rotational motions of benzene between 227 and 390 K. The total potential energy is 3−7 kJ mol-1 lower in the clathrate hydrate than that in the aqueous phase as a result of the formation of more stable hydrogen bonds in the rigid host frameworks. The rotational relaxation times of benzene molecules in both liquid water and clathrate hydrate cages increase with decreasing temperature. At corresponding low temperatures, however, the relaxation time of benzene in the clathrate hydrate is a few times shorter than that in the liquid water, as found recently by NMR experiment. Thus, the anomaly in the relaxation time of benzene experimentally observed can be interpreted as a transition of environment due to the formation of clathrate hydrate in the low-temperature regime.


The Barcelona Institute of Economics (IEB) is a research centre at the University of Barcelona (UB) which specializes in the field of applied economics. The IEB is a foundation funded by the following institutions: La Caixa, Naturgy Energy, Saba, the Barcelona City Hall, the Barcelona Metropolitan Area, the University of Barcelona, the Autonomous University of Barcelona, the Barcelona Provincial Council, Agbar and Cuatrecasas. The Cities Research Program has as its primary goal the study of the role of cities as engines of prosperity. The different lines of research currently being developed address such critical questions as the determinants of city growth and the social relations established in them, agglomeration economies as a key element for explaining the productivity of cities and their expectations of growth, the functioning of local labour markets and the design of public policies to give appropriate responses to the current problems cities face. The Research Program has been made possible thanks to support from the IEB Foundation and the UB Chair in Urban Economics Ciutat de Barcelona (established in 2018 by the Barcelona City Council and the University of Barcelona). The IEB working papers represent ongoing research that is circulated to encourage discussion and has not undergone a peer review process. Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IEB. ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to shed light on the effect of Low Emission Zones (LEZs) on traffic. LEZs are areas in which access is restricted for the most polluting vehicles. They have been found to be effective in reducing pollution, while the expected effect on traffic is not clear. Using high-frequency granular data on traffic for the city of Madrid, I analyse whether LEZ schemes are effective in reducing traffic within the area of implementation and whether they generate a displacement effect. Taking advantage of the exogeneity of the implementation timing, I develop a pre/post analysis based on time. Results suggest a reduction in traffic inside the restricted area and a displacement to all the other areas of the city. I find a switch to public transport for commutes directed towards the restricted area and rerouting of trips for destinations outside Madrid Central to be two of the possible mechanisms explaining these results. The reduction in transit inside the restricted area gradually decreases over time and disappears after 7 months. This is consistent with the renewal of the vehicles' fleet with unrestricted and cleaner vehicles generated by the policy.


Yangtze River Delta,which is one of the most imprtant tourism regions in China,has rich tourism resources and advanced but uneven tourism economy.Selecting 6 indexes and implying prime component analysis,this paper measures the level of tourism economic development of 15 cities in Yangtze River Delta and analyses the reasons of spatial disparity of tourism economic development.At last,the author puts forward some countermeasures to further tourism economic development in Yangtze River Delta.


The origin of the positron excess is one of the most intriguing mysteries in astroparticle physics. The recent discovery of extended γ-ray halos around the pulsars Geminga, Monogem and PSR J0621+3755 have brought indirect evidence that pulsar wind nebulae accelerate e ± up to very-high-energy. While the precision of previous data does not permit precise evaluation of the parameters for the pulsars, we are able to find the more precise shape of the injection spectrum using new data released by HAWC and LHAASO in 2020 and 2021. We find that this is well fitten by a power-law with an exponential cutoff. The spectral index is quite hard with values around 1 while the cutoff energy is roughly 100 TeV. We also derive the strength of the diffusion coefficient around the pulsars finding that it is two orders of magnitude lower than the average of the Galaxy. Finally, we use the above mentioned results to estimate the contribution of Geminga to the positron excess. This source alone can contribute to the entire positron excess at around 1 TeV.


Socrates claimed that he was often inspired by spirits, with which he was charged and sentenced guilty. In fact, the spirits claimed by Socrates are Socrates himself, and the sound of the spirits is a voice from the bottom of his heart, which is his self and individual consciousness. The spirit view of Socrates reflects an inner conflicts between his self and individual consciousness and traditional principles and beliefs, which led to the tragedy of Socrates.


Non-smooth systems are abundant in nature being usually related to physical systems with dry friction, impact and backlash. These systems operate in different modes, and the transition from one mode to another can often be idealized as an instantaneous or discrete transition. Since the time scale of this transition is much smaller than the scale of the individual modes dynamics, its mathematical modeling can be lead as non-smooth. This contribution uses a smoothened switch model to analyze non-smooth systems. The procedure seems to be effective to deal with this kind of system, presenting advantages for the numerical implementation. As an application of the general formulation, a single-degree of freedom oscillator with discontinuous support is analyzed. System dynamical behavior shows a rich response, presenting dynamical jumps, bifurcations and chaos.


The main melody of the institutions of higher education is to bring up talents, not to manufacture objects. So the task of kinds of institutions lies in fostering China's advanced talents who can not only serve China but make creations. Thus the humanities education is basic because it's closely related with rise and decline of a nation, ups and downs of a society and the success of one's cause. Moreover, this article demonstrated the necessity of paying equal attention to science education and humanities education.


Objective To search for simple and practical parameters(the triiodothyronine/thyroxine ratio)that might allow differentiation between the two entities.Methods Analyzed retrospectively the data of patients in endocrine department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Xinjiang from August 2004 to October 2008.Results In comparison between groups,triiodothyronine(T3)/tetraiodothyronine(T4)ratio was higher in group of Graves' disease than in group of subacute thyroiditis.The differences between Graves' disease and subacute thyroiditis group were significant(P0.01).Free triiodothyronine(FT3)/free thyroxine(FT4)ratio was higher in group of Graves' disease than in group of subacute thyroiditis.The differences between Graves' disease and subacute thyroditis group were significant(P0.01).Conclusion Serums T3/T4 is as effective as radioactive iodine uptake for differentiation of destruction-induced thyrotoxicosis(subacute thyroiditis for painless)from Graves' thyrotoxicosis.We also can use it for difference of thyrotoxicosis from various causes.


We present in this paper a new method for implementing geometric moment functions in a CMOS retina. It is based on the computation of the correlation value between the image under analysis and a second image since there is a similarity between the expression of the moment of an image and that of the correlation of two images. The second image which is stored in memory devices in the circuit is approximated by a binary image using a dithering algorithm in order to reduce hardware implementation cost. As a result the value of the moment is also an approximate one. Computer simulations using the COIL 100 Columbia image database on 128x128 pixel images show that the maximal relative error between the approximate and the exact value is less than 1% for moments of order less than 2, and less than 5% for moments of order less than 6. Finally, we have considered an object localization application and quantified the error in the localization due to the use of the approximate moment values instead of the exact values.


This paper provides a simple, graphical review of the Keynes versus the classics debate. It focuses on four key issues: the roles of iaexible wages and the velocity of money as well as the determination interest rates and the nominal price level. Its aim is to improve upon the rather bland presentation of Keynes' model usually found in textbooks and to give students a sense of the point counterpoint of this important debate.


Tom Donohoe Headteacher, Andover Miss Rogers I want to be a chef! Before today I didn't even know what a chef did, but after tonight it is definitely the job I am going to do!' When I heard 11-yearold Charlie say this to my wonderful deputy head, Jules Rogers, at the end of our first ever 'A Word' event, I knew that the day had been worthwhile. I have to be honest and admit that when Jules had first suggested hosting a restaurant evening here at the school, I thought she was mad! After an hour of chatting through her idea however, she had convinced me that it wasn't quite as crazy as it first sounded! Three years on, our annual restaurant evening has become a firm favourite in the school calendar. Let me explain briefly how the event works and what I perceive to be the advantages of organising such an evening. The 'A Word', so called after Gordon Ramsay's F Word programme (but as we are Anton Junior School, the A replaced the F), is a whole-day event involving all 64 of our year 6 pupils, that culminates in their parents coming into school in the evening to enjoy a superb four course meal. The meal is prepared by the pupils, cooked by the pupils and then plated and served to their parents by the pupils. At this point I have to stress that absolutely key to our success has been the involvement of a gentleman named Andy Mackenzie, who is the superb executive chef of a very exclusive hotel situated a few miles from Andover. In persuading Andy to be involved, the event has the professional atmosphere that there is no way we could have achieved without him. We are very lucky to have Andy involved, but you would be surprised how many hotels/pubs are prepared to release a chef, or even two, to work with a school for a day – obtaining this expertise is one of the most critical parts of this event, but not the most difficult.


A third force has been government. French shows that federal intervention on behalf of producers (in the mid-1980s), workers (in the late 1930s), and consumers (in the 1970s) was costly and ineffectual, whereas domestic policy during the Second World War had a revolutionary impact. In the short term, rationing drastically altered consumption habits. Over a longer period, public subsidies for synthetic rubber development had effects comparable to the changes in tire design noted earlier. Finally, workers have influenced the tire industry. The labor shortages of the First World War period inspired ambitious experiments in welfare capitalism. In the 1930s, labor turmoil was the source of even more sweeping changes. Strikes and other confrontations ended productivity increases, introduced adversarial collective bargaining, enhanced the positions of industrial relations experts at the expense of operating executives, and encouraged manufacturers to abandon their northern locations. In the 1980s, the collapse of centralized collective bargaining and the emergence of non-union producers further destabilized the industry. French examines all of these subjects, and many others, in impressive detail. His concise and informed summary is essential reading for anyone who hopes to understand the complex network of products and firms that arose on the periphery of the automobile industry.


This study focuses on the late Quaternary landscape evolution in the Chifeng region of Inner Mongolia, China, its relations to the history of the Pleistocene‐Holocene loess accumulation, erosion and redeposition, and their impact on human occupation.


Previous accounts of the
perfect tense-aspect in the K'ichee'an languages have concluded that
the category or part-of-speech of the perfect is a verb, or less
often, a participle. We believe otherwise. Empirical support is
presented for the hypothesis that the perfect is expressed using
either a deverbal participial adjective or a deverbal possessed
nominal in the form of a detransitivized non-verbal predicate. We show
that the perfect always consists of a one-place intransitive but that
it, nonetheless, retains the capacity to express two argument
roles. Further, we argue that the perfect is, in fact, a perfect. We
present the various semantic types of perfect, including the perfect
of result and the experiential perfect, and also show the temporal
restrictions that constrain the perfect. The analyses are implemented
using the syntactic architecture of LFG.


Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an infectious disease that attacks one or more parts of the respiratory tract, from the nose (upper line) to the alveoli (bottom line) including its adneksa networks, such as sinus tract, the middle ear cavity and pleura. Whereas the causes of respiratory infection in infants are intrinsic factors including age, nutritional status, birth weight, immunization status, sex, whereas extrinsic factors include housing, socio-economic and parental education. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between Age And Gender Genesis Against Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) for Toddlers at UPT Tembilahan Hulu Health Center in 2013-2015. This study is an analytical study using case control design. Sampling was done by systematic random sampling technique. The sample in this study was 636 people were divided into 2 groups : 318 people were as the case group and 318 people that were as the control group. This study used the instrument in the form of a checklist sheet this research was conducted on June 9 to 21, 2014. Results af this research showed that there was a relationship between age and gender on the incidence of respiratory infection in infants with a P value = 0.047 and OR = 1.389 then age gender P value = 0.001 and OR = 1.683. That is why every parent who has a child who is at risk for developing respiratory infection such as age 2-3 years old and the male gender should get more attention, both in terms of the game, daly activities as well as their diet.


Outdoor performance of photovoltaic modules and systems depends on prevailing conditions at the time of measurement. Outdoor test conditions must be relevant to device performance and readily attainable. Flat-plate, nonconcentrator PV device performance is reported with respect to fixed conditions referred to as Standard Reporting Conditions (SRC) of 1 kW/m{sup 2} plane of array total irradiance, 25 C device temperature, and a reference spectral distribution at air mass 1.5 under certain atmospheric conditions. We report a method of analyzing historical meteorological and irradiance data to determine the range of outdoor environmental parameters and solar irradiance components that affect solar collector performance when the SRC 1 kW/m{sup 2} total irradiance value occurs outdoors. We used data from the 30 year U.S. National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) , restricting irradiance conditions to within +/- 25 W/m{sup 2} of 1 kW/m{sup 2} on a solar tracking flat-plate collector. The distributions of environmental parameter values under these conditions are non-Gaussian and site dependent. Therefore the median, as opposed to the mean, of the observed distributions is chosen to represent appropriate outdoor reporting conditions. We found the average medians for the direct beam component (834 W/m{sup 2}), ambient temperature (24.4 C), total column water vapor (1.4 cm), and air mass (1.43) are near commonly used SRC values. Average median wind speed (4.4 m/s) and broadband aerosol optical depth (0.08) were significantly different from commonly used values.