In highly complex domains such as disaster rescue, today's mobile robots simply do not have the ability to perform successfully on their own. Human teleoperation is strongly relied upon, but this also has problems: humans suffer from cognitive overload and have difficulties in constructing a representation of the space around a robot given information from its senses. In this paper we describe an approach to multi-robot control for such environments that focuses on combining the limited abilities of modern autonomous control systems together with human control. At the center of this approach is a pair of software agents running on each robot: one to recognize problems in the environment from the perspective of a robot, and another to mediate the interaction between a robot and a human controller. The intent of this approach is to allow a human to better control a team of robots, being interrupted only when the situation demands. We describe the implementation of this approach using simulated Pioneer robots, and evaluate the approach in comparison to autonomous and teleoperated mobile robots in a rescue domain.


The design of the feature extraction process and training strategy are crucial aspects of achieving high-performance facial expression recognition (FER). Although the introduction of low-dimensional texture descriptors is advantageous for extracting facial expression features, most of the hybrid feature-based methods need data preprocessing phase, which is not conducive to the deployment in human–robot interaction (HRI) systems. Moreover, some FER studies use facial recognition datasets to pretrain the network, but they fail to effectively capture the facial action features that are specific to FER. In this article, we proposed a zero-addition pretext training and feature conjunction-selection network (FCSNet) for FER in HRI. The zero-addition pretext training task is the eye aspect ratio (EAR)-level recognition (ELR), which improves the perception of ocular muscles by designing the training strategy. FCSNet consists of two main components: LBP-conjunction convolution that improves the surface facial expression representation by integrating LBP filters into the convolution layer and semantic feature selection mechanism (SFSM) that filters out irrelevant and ambiguous semantic information from high-level facial expression features. Our method achieved 97.93% and 83.80% recognition accuracy on radboud faces database (RaFD) and our collected testing set, respectively. We also conducted a preliminary application experiment to demonstrate the practicality of our method in HRI.


Urticaria is commonly used to describe an eruption of wheals, as distinct from angioedema, although this does lead to confusion with classification of the physical Urticarias. The term 'Urlicaria' is increasingly being used to describe a disease that may present with wheals, angioedema or both. The details enquired from the patients include duration of disease, duration of individual wheals, frequency of attacks, distribution of wheals, associated systemic symptoms, provoking physical factors, food and drug intolerance, seasonal variation, associated angioedema. The frequency of attacks were classified into 3 groups-1-3episodes/week, 4-6 episodes/week and daily attacks. Out of total 60 patients, 8 patients gave history of daily attacks of which 7(87.5%) were ASST positive, and was found to be statistically significant. Increase in the frequency of attacks correlated well with the ASST positivity. Among 60 patients, 27 patients were having high Pruritus score, of which 20(74.1%) were ASST positive, which was statistically


This essay explores the potential problems existing in the students' finding jobs before graduation in advanced normal schools of developing districts, analyzes the strong and weak points of those students, and puts forward some suggestion, with the aim of taking good use of their strong points and avoiding the weak points, thus to help students solve the problems of finding jobs and enlarge channels of employment.


n a typical course that covers the concepts of functions and graphs, the teacher might use a graph to represent the acceleration of a moving object. After drawing a simple graph for an object with constant acceleration of –0.5 m/s2, she then asks the class, "If the object—a car or person perhaps—has an initial velocity of –2m/s, describe the velocity of the object." Brad raises his hand and says, "It would be moving backward at a constant rate of –2m/s, so . . . " "No! It wouldn't be constant," interrupts Todd. "It has to come to a stop some time, so eventually the velocity has to be zero." "The velocity is negative, which means that it's going backward," says Sara, "and the acceleration is negative, which means that it's slowing down." In this classroom scenario, all the students are incorrect. The teacher was attempting to tie the students' mathematical knowledge to a real-world situation using velocity and acceleration because she thought that doing so would cause their understanding of the mathematical concepts to solidify, but she discovered difficulties with the students' understanding of these variables. Brad incorrectly assumed that the graphs for velocity and acceleration would be similar; Todd based his solution on his real-world knowledge that all moving objects eventually come to a stop; and Sara related the concepts of "negative" and "slowing down," or decelerating, in an inappropriate manner. As the lesson progresses, the teacher may discover that students continue to have trouble with motion graphs, even when they understand the mathematical concepts. Indeed, researchers' findings support this conclusion (Hale 1996; Monk 1994; Nemirovsky and Rubin 1992). Graphs of kinematics variables—position, velocity, and acceleration—are a staple of physics and mathematics courses. In differential calculus, kinematics furnishes the most natural setting for explaining and illustrating rates of change. However, misinterpretations of kinematics graphs are common among students. McDermott, Rosenquist, and van Zee (1987) found that students, even those in the honors section of a calculus-based university physics course, had trouble interpreting kinematics graphs. Researchers in both science and mathematics education have closely examined some misconceptions underlying students' difficulties in interpreting kinematics graphs. Common problems include discriminating between the slope and height of a graph (McDermott, Rosenquist, and van Zee 1987; Bell and Janvier 1981; Clement 1989) and relating one type of graph to another (Brasell 1987; McDermott, Rosenquist, and van Zee 1987). In this article, we discuss the nature of each of these problems and include examples from research of how this misconception is expressed by students, possible underlying causes, and promising remedies.


Production testing of wireless transmit systems incurs high test cost primarily due to the need for using lengthy bit-sequences for testing critical specifications, such as adjacent-channel-power ratio (ACPR) and error-vector-magnitude (EVM). Given the production test sequence for measuring multiple specifications of a transmitter-under-test, switching from one test hardware setup to the next, impacts test time. In this paper, a new test methodology for wireless transmitters is demonstrated, in which a single stimulus is used to test multiple frequency-domain and modulation-domain transmitter specifications in a significantly short test time. In the proposed test method, a multi-tone stimulus is applied at the baseband of the transmitter-under-test; the corresponding spectral test response at the RF output of the transmitter is analyzed for predicting the transmitter specifications using an alternate testing framework. Pass/fail decisions are made using the predicted specification values. Experimental data for a 1.575 GHz digital-IF transmitter prototype is presented.


SUMMARY. The epidemic spread of a streptococcus through the wards of a skin hospital is described. Nineteen patients had lesions infected with a Group A Type T 8/25/Imp 19 streptococcus resistant to tetracycline and neomycin. Five skin or nasal carriers were also detected.


This paper focused on the actual level of regional international tourist exchange in northeast Asia,analyzed its status quo and the issues it is confronted from,and discussed the feasible patterns which might be taken to develop future international tourism cooperation between countries and regions in this area.It made an initial demonstration of the possible methods both to revitalize regional international tourism circle in northeast Asia and to construct a six-country-tourism-cooperation framework in this area.The paper also elaborated the outlook of their future roles.


The article aims to analyze the new perspective of federalism in the jurisprudence of the Brazilian Supreme Court, which emphasizes the legislative autonomy of the federative entities, considering them real labs of legislative experiences. Based on that, it defends the possibility of article 130 of Federal Constitution be densified by Member-States in order to adopt a Public Ministry of Accounts with administrative and financial autonomy.


This paper discusses the overall experimental teaching ideas and teaching system in the Economic Game Theory.We analyse the experimental design,experimental implementation,experimental results.The basic elements are described and the advantages of experimental teaching method is explained.


Switched reluctance motors (SRM) are becoming increasingly popular because of the rising cost of permanent magnets. It was reported that segmented rotor construction improves the torque output and efficiency. This study discusses an SRM with segmented rotor construction designed for direct drive application. Such a motor has an outer rotor. It is found that in such machines, the torque output increases when there are higher number of rotor segments than stator poles. A segmented rotor SRM with 12 stator poles and 26 rotor segments is discussed here. It has unique pole tip shape, which improves torque output. Design procedure of the motor is presented. Moreover, limitations of segmented rotor SRMs having a higher number of rotor segments than stator poles are also identified, and possible solutions are suggested. Experimental results on the prototype of a three-phase 12/26 motor are presented.


An apparatus for testing a tire (30) having a tread (37), a first bead (32) having first side wall (31) with the tread (37) is connected, a second bead (35) having second side wall (34) with the tread (37) is connected and a roll axis (R), by means of an interferometric, in particular shearographic, the measurement method comprises a pressure chamber (20), in which the tire (30) positionable a predetermined pressure (P) can be exposed to, at least one measurement head (101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106) for optically scanning and checking of the tire (30) and a support device (200) for receiving and supporting the tire (30) on the first bead (32) and / or on the second bead (35).


The objective of this
study is to investigate the adsorption characteristics of granular activated
carbon GAC/R-134a pair in the temperature range of 20℃ - 60℃ and pressure up to 10 bars. The Dubinin-Astakhov
adsorption equilibrium model is fit to experimental data with acceptable error
limit. The pressure-temperature-concentration (P-T-X) diagram of the pair is
also presented. The isosteric heat of adsorption of R-134a on activated carbon
has been calculated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation as a function of
adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 1.92
kgR134a/kg carbon at 20℃ after 1200 s. The
experimental results also show that the increase of heat transfer area improves
the adsorption capacity per kg of adsorber, which leads to the design of a
finned tubes heat exchanger adsorption unit.


Unraveling natural gas migration mechanisms and pathways in the Nile Delta fan is a major challenge due to the ubiquitous occurence of locally generated microbial gas. We applied a coupled isotope-and-concentration model in order to substract this methanogen fingerprint from our hydrocarbon gas data. Variations in thereby isolated thermogenic gas properties relate to formation temperature and result from biodegradation rather than maturity. Our results strongly indicate that there are three distinct categories of thermogenic gas: unaltered, biodegraded, and mixed unaltered-biodegraded. Unaltered gas has been sampled mostly beyond 90°C, whereas degraded gas is found within reservoir and mud-rich caprock sections between 40-58°C. Stratigraphy with intermediate temperatures hosts a remarkably constant mixture of biodegraded and unaltered gas, implying re-charge of formerly biodegraded gas with fresh thermogenic gas from below. We conclude that the reservoirs are in part being charged through the pore space of the sub-reservoir sections, and we can see leakage via the pore network of the caprock as well as via caprock bypass systems. Our observations support the concept of a dynamic charge-leak scenario.


Populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura from the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains in Utah were sampled and characterized for third chromosome gene arrangements. The original samples in this geographic area were taken in 1940 and 1950. At that time the populations were essentially monomorphic for the Arrowhead arrangement, with small percentages of Pikes Peak and Chiricahua also found. The current samples show these populations to contain nine third chromosome arrangements: eight previously described (AR, PP, CH, ST, TL, OL, EP, FC) and a newly discovered endemic arrangement (American Fork, AF). The frequency of Arrowhead has decreased to 25% in certain areas, the highest frequency found being 63%. This observed array of arrangements is very similar to the Rocky Mountain populations of Colorado. Those populations are the only ones which could contribute all the "new" arrangements observed in this study. Passive wind-aided transport of flies seems unlikely to be responsible for the changes seen, and other forms of active and passive dispersal are considered. Due to the diversity and extent of the changes observed it is improbable that any one mechanism or event could account for these changes.


A 59-year-old male presented to the emergency department of our hospital. The patient had been in his usual health until a sudden 30 s episode of expressive aphasia, weakness of the right arm, and paraesthesia of the right hand occurred. Three years before admission the patient had received replacement of the ascending aorta with partial arch replacement due to an ascending aortic aneurysm. On presentation, neurological …


In thirty-three years of political independence, Nigeria has been governed more than two-thirds of the time by military dictatorships. This book examines the relationship between the dictatorships and the Nigerian press. Special emphasis is placed on the relationship between the press and the Muhammadu Buhari regime. Chris Ogbondah presents recent information on the institutional measures utilized by each military junta in attempts to suppress the dissemination of ideas and opinions in the press. This book also presents comprehensive information on the effects of those institutional measures on the press. Some examples are drawn from the author's own experience as a journalist in Nigeria during part of the first thirteen years of military rule. Contents: Introduction; Tradition of Press Freedom; Auiyi Ironsi and the Press; Gowon, Mohammad/Obasanjo and the Press; The Press under Buhari's Rule; Babangida and the Press; Rationales for Suppression of Expression; My 27-Hour Ordeal at an R-State Guardroom.


We identify an otherwise efficient market in which racial stereotypes affect market outcomes. In this market, there are well-defined prices, well-defined outcomes, a finite time horizon, and readily available information. The market appears to efficiently process the available information, with the exception of the race of the participants. We examine data on point spreads for NBA games over the 15 seasons from 1993-94 to 2007-08. We find evidence that the racial composition of the team is related to the size of the spread and their performance against the spread. Specifically, we find that a more black team tends to face a larger point spread and that these teams perform worse against the spread. It is possible that this effect is driven by the bookmakers setting a biased point spread or driven by excessive betting on the more black team. Using a different data set containing the movement of the spread, we do not find a relationship between the movement of the spread and the racial composition of the team. As a result, we favor the explanation that the bookmakers set a biased point spread.


Reserving for segregated fund insurance contracts are difference from traditional actuarial method. In this paper, based on the cash flow projection for a kind of unit-linked policy, we discuss the reserving for it with stochastic environment, then giving a simulation and calculation of numerical example. The method and case dealing with in this paper are more correspond with practice and can be used in profit testing or sensitivity analysis.


The SARS‐CoV‐2 non‐structural protein 14 (nsp14), known as exoribonuclease is encoded from the large polyprotein of viral genome and is a major constituent of the transcription replication complex (TRC) machinery of the viral RNA synthesis. This protein is highly conserved among the coronaviruses and is a potential target for the development of a therapeutic drug. Here, we report the SARS‐CoV‐2 nsp14 expression, show its structural characterization, and ss‐RNA exonuclease activity through vibrational and electronic spectroscopies. The deconvolution of amide‐I band in the FTIR spectrum of the protein revealed a composition of 35 % α‐helix and 25 % β‐sheets. The binding between protein and RNA is evidenced from the spectral changes in the amide‐I region of the nsp14, showing protein conformational changes during the binding process. A value of 20.60±3.81 mol L−1 of the binding constant (KD) is obtained for nsp14/RNA complex. The findings reported here can motivate further studies to develop structural models for better understanding the mechanism of exonuclease enzymes for correcting the viral genome and can help in the development of drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2.


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In recent years, retinal vessel segmentation technology has become an important component for disease screening and diagnosing in clinical medicine. However, retinal vessel segmentation is a challenging task due to complex distribution of blood vessels, relatively low contrast between target and background, and potential presence of illumination and pathologies. In this paper, we propose an automatic retinal vessel segmentation network using deep supervision and smoothness regularization, which integrates holistically-nested edge detector (HED) and global smoothness regularization from conditional random fields. It is an end-to-end and pixel-to-pixel deep convolutional network, can perform better results than HED-based methods and the methods where CRF inference is applied as a post-processing method. With co-constraints between pixels, the proposed DSSRN obtains better results. Finally, we show that our proposed method obtains the state-of-the-art vessel segmentation performance on all three benchmarks, DRIVE, STARE, and CHASE_DB1.


A corrosion inhibiting system is disclosed, comprising a substrate coated, and the coating corrosion compounds, and a method for producing inhibition. These systems and methods include corrosion inhibiting compound, the compound may be released in response to the active surface of the corrosion inhibitor group in etching irritation. The reactive group is chosen to be inhibitors by inhibiting the oxidation reaction, a reduction reaction inhibiting and / blocked by etching or forming a passivation layer on the surface.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a global public health problem. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of HCC is considered an emergency. Avicularin, a bio-active flavonoid from plants, has been reported to exhibit diverse pharmacological properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of avicularin in HCC and the underlying mechanism of action. Huh7 cells were treated with avicularin in a concentration-dependent manner, and the cell proliferation was examined using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay kit. The cell migration and invasion abilities were detected using wounding-healing assays and Transwell assays. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to investigate the cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis. The activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. The results indicated that avicularin treatment markedly decreased cell proliferation concentration-dependently in HCC, and inhibited cell migration and invasion in Huh7 cells. It was also found that the treatment of avicularin markedly inhibited the G0/G1-phase cells and decreased the accumulation of S-phase cells in the cell cycle and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, it was confirmed that the anticancer efficacy of avicularin in HCC was dependent on the regulation of NF-κB (p65), COX-2 and PPAR-γ activities. In conclusion, the findings suggested that avicularin serves an antineoplastic role in HCC and may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC.


Since 2009, operations began at the Survey Telescopes at Paranal Observatory. The surveys aimed to observe using a large field of view targeting much fainter sources and covering wide areas of sky quickly. The first to enter operations was VISTA (Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy) and then the VST Telescope (VLT Survey Telescope). The survey telescopes introduced a change into the operational model of the time. The observations were wholly conducted by the telescope and instrument operator without the aid of a support astronomer. This prompted the gradual and steady improvement of tools for the operation of the observatory both generally and in particular for the Survey Telescopes. Examples of these enhancements include control systems for image quality, selection of OBs, logging of evening activities, among others. However, the new generation instruments at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) posed a new challenge to the observatory from a scientific and operational point of view. As these new systems were more demanding and complex, they would be more complicated to operate and require additional support. Hence, the focus of this study is to explore the possible development and optimization of the operations of the Survey telescopes, which would give greater operational flexibility in regards to the new generation instruments. Moreover, we aim to evaluate the feasibility of redistributing of telescope operators during periods of increased demand from other VLT systems.


HAX1 was originally described as HS1‐associated protein with a suggested function in receptor‐mediated apoptotic and proliferative responses of lymphoid cells. Recent publications refer to a complex and multifunctional role of this protein. To investigate the in vivo function of HAX1 (HS1‐associated protein X1) in B cells, we generated a Hax1‐deficient mouse strain. Targeted deletion of Hax1 resulted in premature death around the age of 12 wk accompanied by a severe reduction of lymphocytes in spleen, thymus and bone marrow. In the bone marrow, all B‐cell populations were lost comparably. In the spleen, B220+ cells were reduced by almost 70%. However, as investigated by adoptive transfer experiments, this impairment is not exclusively B‐cell intrinsic and we hypothesize that a HAX1‐deficient environment cannot sufficiently provide the essential factors for proper lymphocyte development, trafficking and survival. Hax1−/− B cells show a significantly reduced expression of CXCR4, which might have an influence on the observed defects in B‐cell development.


This paper describes an automated color defect inspection system of color imaging devices. The system uses color image processing technology, but does not use conventional primary color (R,G,B) components. In this system, two kinds of chrominance signals (R-Y, B-Y) are introduced to analyze color images. Newly developed color edge detection and color contrast calculation methods are used to detect and evaluate the color defects. Color contrast are calculated by analyzing the two dimensional chrominance signal's scatterplot. Algorithms of color defect inspection and experimental results are presented.


Training "skills-based innovation" is the reform of vocational education goal. "Skill-based innovation",first of all,it is the basis of skilled personnel has grown up.So compared with other types of talent,highlighting the skills,this is the "skill-based innovation." The nature of attributes,the main type of modern technology is to show personnel characteristics. This makes the reform of vocational education and the teaching some food for thought.


In the anion of the title compound, C6H7BrN+·C8H5O4 −, the dihedral angles formed by the benzene ring and the mean planes of the –COOH and –COO− groups are 20.6 (3) and 83.2 (3)°, respectively. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the cations and anions, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (001).


Abstract— We present the first detailed study of a population of texturally distinct chondrules previously described by Kurat (1969), Christophe Michel‐Lévy (1976), and Skinner et al. (1989) that are sharply depleted in alkalis and Al in their outer portions. These "bleached" chondrules, which are exclusively radial pyroxene and cryptocrystalline in texture, have porous outer zones where mesostasis has been lost. Bleached chondrules are present in all type 3 ordinary chondrites and are present in lower abundances in types 4–6. They are most abundant in the L and LL groups, apparently less common in H chondrites, and absent in enstatite chondrites. We used x‐ray mapping and traditional electron microprobe techniques to characterize bleached chondrules in a cross section of ordinary chondrites. We studied bleached chondrules from Semarkona by ion microprobe for trace elements and H isotopes, and by transmission electron microscopy. Chondrule bleaching was the result of low‐temperature alteration by aqueous fluids flowing through finegrained chondrite matrix prior to thermal metamorphism. During aqueous alteration, interstitial glass dissolved and was partially replaced by phyllosilicates, troilite was altered to pentlandite, but pyroxene was completely unaffected. Calcium‐rich zones formed at the inner margins of the bleached zones, either as the result of the early stages of metamorphism or because of fluid‐chondrule reaction. The mineralogy of bleached chondrules is extremely sensitive to thermal metamorphism in type 3 ordinary chondrites, and bleached zones provide a favorable location for the growth of metamorphic minerals in higher petrologic types. The ubiquitous presence of bleached chondrules in ordinary chondrites implies that they all experienced aqueous alteration early in their asteroidal histories, but there is no relationship between the degree of alteration and metamorphic grade. A correlation between the oxidation state of chondrite groups and their degree of aqueous alteration is consistent with the source of water being either accreted ices or water released during oxidation of organic matter. Ordinary chondrites were probably open systems after accretion, and aqueous fluids may have carried volatile elements with them during dehydration. Individual radial pyroxene and cryptocrystalline chondrules were certainly open systems in all chondrites that experienced aqueous alteration leading to bleaching.


Samples of several species of water beetles (Enoshrus bicolor (Fabricius, 1792)), Hydrochara affinis Sharp, 1873, Cybister lateralimarginalis De Geer, 1774), water quality and sediments from water bodies of South Kazakhstan were investigated. The excess of cadmium regulatory standard was detected very rare, and it was discovered only in a few samples of the aquatic beetles. This is to justify the satisfactory ecological state of water bodies in relation to this metal. The presence of lead was registered in almost all of the investigated samples of water and sediment, as well as in all the samples of aquatic beetles; this indicates the need for further monitoring of the metal contamination in the region. Zinc and copper are the vital or essential elements, but we detected significant excess of the current regulatory levels for these metals. Their concentrations in coleopteran was several times higher than in water, indicating a potential hazard of zinc and copper for ecosystems of such reservoirs. In general, it can be assumed that the aquatic beetles are quite promising targets as bio-indicators because they could easily accumulate toxic elements like heavy metals.


Sputter-coatings of carbon with and without nitrogen incorporation were prepared to a same coating thickness of 100 nm respectively by ion beam assisted depositing or sputtering without irradiation of nitrogen ions onto Si (111) substrates held at ambient temperatures. A pin-on-disk tribotester, installed in the chamber of an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) , was used to measure the friction and make possible control of relative humidity. In order to keep the contact condition steady, a diamond pin of 10 mum was employed, and a liner speed of 50 mum/s was chosen and a relative humidity of about 24% was controlled during the tests. In sliding tests against the diamond pin, the influence of the repeated cycles on the variations of friction coefficients and wear tracks of sputter-coatings of carbon with and without nitrogen incorporation were comparatively studied from a view point of different normal loads. After sliding tests, the wear tracks were further observed and measured by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and a confocal scanning laser microscope respectively. And the different tribological characteristics due to the nitrogen incorporation however, were then discussed from the viewpoints of surface roughness, nano-indentation hardness, compressive internal stress and surface free energy.


The paper is devoted to the importance of local territorial space for the residents of a megapolis by its location in the system of the city spatial formations, a certain infrastructure, specificity and originality of social contacts, social conditions, history, and contiguity of valuesand meanings that ensure comfortable living environment and optimal social and psychological well-being of specific territorial communities. The problem of the tendency to blur the territories' personalization and local boundaries that results in reducing the link between residents' identity and territories is considered in the article. The authors provide deep insight into the main scientific methodological approaches to the concept of territorial identity through sociocultural and socio-psychological understanding, and through processes affecting the maintenance of the unique "place" in the structure of urban space. The results of a standardized survey interview with residents of a megacity aimed at identifying the interconnections of their perception of their territory, its identification and understanding the importance of the local territory for the integrity of urban space are given. The authors conclude that majority of the citizens positively perceive their place of residence, identify themselves with the local territorial communities, their interests and values and becomes aware of the level of significance of "their" territory integrated into the structure of the city's space.


The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, c. 1400-c. 1580. By Eamon Duffy. (New Haven: Yale University Press. 1993. Pp.xii, 654. $45.00 cloth; $18.00 paperback.) Historians have always questioned traditional beliefs and interpretations about the past. Some off new insights or emphasize neglected aspects of the human story, and others, iconoclastic in approach, radically reshape one's understanding of events. Very seldom, however, do the findings of revisionist historians touch a nerve outside the academic profession. Eamon Duffy's recent book on the English Reformation, however, proves to be an exception. It has created a stir within English ecclesiastical circles and has forced some to re-examine the causes, motives, and events associated with the separation from Rome during the sixteenth century. The Tablet, a Roman Catholic publication, recently noted that the preface to the 1995 edition of the Church of England Yearbook drew attention to revisionist historians, especially Eamon Duffy, who have questioned some Anglican views about the Reformation. In his recent book, Duffy argues that the pre-Reformation Catholic Church was not as corrupt as some historians have believed, and he also casts doubt on the belief that the Reformers performed valuable services by reviving a moribund church. If this interpretation is correct and if Anglican history needs re-examination, then, the preface pointed out, Eamon Duffy's book has important ramifications in the area of ecumenism. The Stripping of the Altars, despite its length, will appeal to both the professional historian and to anyone interested in English ecclesiastical history. After an informative introduction, Duffy, a fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge, divides this important contribution to sixteenth-century England into two parts. In the first he skillfully sketches the structures of traditional religion, especially the beliefs and practices of the laity in the parishes of East Anglia, up to 1536. "It is the contention of the first part of the book that late medieval Catholicism exerted an enormously strong, diverse, and vigorous hold over the imagination and the loyalty of the people up to the very moment of the Reformation" (p. 4) The second part details the reforming and disruptive policies of Henry VIII, Edward VI, and Elizabeth I. The break with Rome represented a violent rupture, and occasioned some opposition to the policy of the Reformers. Moreover, Mary's brief reign and the restoration of Catholicism met with success. This view of the English Reformation, consequently, contradicts those historians who portray the Roman Church as corrupt and believe that the dismantling of the traditional religion was supported by the laity. The liturgy of pre-Reformation England played an important part in the lives of the laity; it provided a meaning and purpose for their existence. Duffy describes the importance of the liturgical calendar, emphasizing certain feast days and Holy Week devotions, and he concludes that the liturgical cycle paralleled the rhythms of life. Moreover, literacy and the impact of the printing press, the importance of the Mass, the idea of "corporate Christianity," the cult of the saints, prayers, the relation of religion and magic, and popular beliefs concerning death and purgatory all contributed to the connection between religion and the concerns of the laity. …


Based on data from the lung poly Cilacap General Hospital with suspected
multidrugs resistance tuberculosis (MDRTB) criteria drop out in January to
December 2014 is as much as 23.26%. This shows that the dropout rate in Cilacap
district has not reached the national targets (<10%). So the problem of this research
was to determine whether patients with criteria of drop outs in the district cilacap
showed resistance to antibiotics rifampicin. The aim of this study is to determine how
many MDR-TB incidence in patients drop out of pulmonary tuberculosis in the
district of Cilacap. This research is a descriptive study with cross sectional design
and data collection conducted a retrospective approach. Sekunder data collected from
medical record management sectionManagement of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis(PMDT)
in Cilacap District Hospital with a span of January 2014- December 2014. The
respondents in this study are patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis MDRTB
criteria or negligent treatment dropout who is a citizen of Cilacap district and
treatment or refer to hospitals in Cilacap, amounting to 9 people. Based on the
sensitivity and resistance to the antibiotic rifampicin Mycobacterium tuberculosis
using the GeneXpert there are 8 people (88.89%) were sensitive, and 1 person (11,
11%) were resistant to rifampicin. The conclusion from this study that the suspected
MDRTB drop out criteria can lead to a resistance to the antibiotic rifampicin.


In this essay, I discuss forms of critical comment apparent in a number of Miyazawa Kenji's texts. I identity two patterns of criticism present in the texts, in the form of the direct and inverted gaze. These two patterns, however, are not necessarily antithetical, but rather complementary to one another, forming a multi-faceted critical style. The criticism is not limited to the level of the individual, but is also directed towards the environment and institutions which formed him or her. I also identify the presence of a tendency to violence in the objects of Miyazawa Kenji's criticism. It is clear that the move from reliance on others to reliance on oneself is seen as a method of solving the problems posed in the stories.


A (Yb0.05Nd0.003Sc0.947)2SiO5 (Yb3+,Nd3+:Sc2SiO5) single crystal grown by the Czochralski technique is designed to enhance the gain cross-section through the energy transfer between energy level 4F3/2 of Nd3+ ions and energy level 2F5/2 of Yb3+ ions. The cell parameters were calculated as a  =  9.94 Å, b  =  6.29 Å, c  =  11.67 Å, V  =  710.67 Å3 and β  =  103.19 °. The absorption cross-section σabs in Yb3+,Nd3+:Sc2SiO5 was 1.18  ×  10−20 cm2 at 980 nm, which was an increase of 28.3% when compared with that in a Yb3+:Sc2SiO5 crystal. The emission cross-section σem in Yb3+,Nd3+:Sc2SiO5 was 0.63  ×  10−20 cm2 at 1063 nm, an enhancement of 18.9% when compared with that in Yb3+:Sc2SiO5. The minimum pump intensity parameter Imin at 1063 nm was 0.39 kW·cm−2, which is a 74.5% reduction compared with 1.53 kW·cm−2 in the case of YAG. A direct continuous wave diode-pumped Yb3+,Nd3+:Sc2SiO5 laser could generate an output power of 6.14 W at 1057.88 nm with a slope efficiency of 56.7% by using an output coupler with transmission T  =  10%.


Irvine and Bouwmeester [1] explored the physical properties of an exceptional solution to the source-free Maxwell's equations in vacuo that exhibits linked and knotted field line structures. The Irvine-Bouwmeester solution was constructed originally by Ranãda using Hopf maps (fibrations) and belongs to a more general class of solutions to linear and nonlinear equations known as Hopfions. Besieris and Shaarawi [2] have linked the Irvine-Bouwmeester solution to a known null luminal electromagnetic wave. This work has been further extended by Kedia et al. [3]. A broader connection can be established between linear Hopfions and spatiotemporally localized luminal waves [4]. The latter are bidirectional; however, free parameters entering the solutions govern the underlying spatiotemporal spectra and can be "tweaked" so that the wavepackets have finite energy and propagate primarily in the forward direction. Very close replicas of such localized waves can be launched causally from apertures constructed based on the Huygens principle.


Major design considerations involved in selecting geometries for high-pressure ratio, single-stage centrifugal compressors are discussed. The results of a parametric study are included to indicate optimum regions of design, and to project the potential performance of centrifugal compressors with rotating diffusers. Several different candidate design solutions are evaluated on the basis of providing improved performance at high pressure ratios consistent with maintaining the inherent simplicity and low-cost features of centrifugal compressors.Copyright © 1972 by ASME


Alternative fuel and renewable energy is needed to fulfill the energy demand of the world. The use of envo-diesel fuels for power generation seems a viable solution for the problems of decreasing fossil-fuel reserves and environmental concerns. The use of envo-diesel in gas turbines would extend this application to power generation field. Envo-diesel is considered as better option because of its environmental friendly characteristics while giving almost the same functional properties like a fossil fuels. The gas turbine combustion performance that utilizes palm envo-diesel fuel is investigated. This study is to perform a detailed simulation of combustion and thermal flow behaviors inside the combustor. The simulations are conducted using the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package software to determine the spray flames and combustion characteristics of commercial diesel fuel, envo-E5 and envo-E10. The diameter and temperature of the fuel droplets; and temperature contour, mass fraction of diesel and mass fraction of carbon dioxide (CO2) of the combustor were obtained for commercial diesel fuel, envo-E5 and envo-E10. Diesel fuel displayed higher rates of droplet evaporation compared to E5 and E10 with SMD differential about 30 to 40 μm while mass fraction for E5 and E10 slightly lower than conventional diesel.


In this paper, we study pulse-width modulated (PWM) control systems without assuming an arbitrarily high switching frequency. Although we restrict our investigation to linear continuous open-loop dynamics, the PWM process introduces significant nonliearities into the corresponding sampled-data models. Both single-rate and multirate approaches to PWM control are considered, and the latter type of control is shown to be more useful from the point of view of establishing desired equilibrium points. Conditions are found under which the sampled-data models are feedback linearizable, and design techniques are described which can achieve asymptotic regulation or tracking, using either state or output feedback.


Purpose In law enforcement, it is the purpose of speed enforcement, commonly referred to as "traffic radar enforcement," not only to detect motorists engaged in speeding and issue citations, or tickets, when appropriate, but to use this punitive method to alter the perceived risk associated with speeding behavior. Ideally, both enforcement and presence combine to increase the level of motorist obedience to speed limit laws. Traditionally, this is achieved by law enforcement professionals who use either a marked or unmarked law enforcement vehicle and employ a measuring device to record the speed of motorists passing through designated speed enforcement zones. Citations, or tickets, are then issued to motorists who jeopardize public safety by exceeding posted speed limits. One of the results of speed enforcement is the compliance of the motorist with posted speed limits as he/she passes through a speed enforcement zone and even after he/she does so. This study seeks to determine the best method of using law enforcement presence to reduce or eliminate the speeding behavior of motorists. It is not designed to ascertain the best way to catch speeding motorists; rather, it seeks to learn the most effective method for positioning and displaying law enforcement vehicles to reduce future speeding infractions. In so doing, this study analyzes the speeding behavior of motorists when faced with the presence of either marked or unmarked law enforcement units, located at varying distances from the motorist, employing differing methods of concealment. Through an analysis of the motorists' speed adjustment when confronted with these various methods of speed enforcement, this study tries to identify the best method of using law enforcement vehicles in order to have the greatest impact on the 'Speed Reduction Response' behavior of motorists. Rationale Speeding, quite clearly, is one of the major factors that contribute to traffic accidents and accident-related fatalities in the United States. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the economic cost to U.S. citizens resulting from speeding-related crashes in 1999 was estimated at $28 billion. (1) That study also found that speeding accounted for approximately thirty percent of all fatal crashes in 2000, resulting in 12,628 deaths. (2) That trend has increased in recent years. In 2005, the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) reported that speeding had become "a factor in nearly one-third of all fatal crashes." (3) The USDOT also estimated that speed-related car accidents cost U.S. citizens $44,193 per minute. (4) The risk of injury and fatality to the motoring public increases as the speed limit increases. As the severity of a crash and its effect on the occupant(s) of a motor vehicle increase with speed, the effectiveness of occupant restraints and vehicle safety features decrease. Thus, the probability of death, disfigurement, or debilitating injury increases with higher rates of impact. Such consequences double for every ten miles per hour over fifty miles per hour that a vehicle travels. (5) An NHTSA report confirms this finding, stating that "more than half of fatal crashes occurred on roads with posted speed limits of 55 mph or more." (6) This is evident in North Carolina where, in 2005, "speeding was the leading violation in fatal crashes." (7) In fact, in North Carolina "one person is killed or injured in speed related crashes every 10.3 minutes," including the thirty-eight victims of fatal crashes in Buncombe County, the focus of this study? Given these statistics, it is easy to see that the ability for law enforcement to have a significant impact on the speeding behavior of motorists is of critical importance. Method This study seeks to measure the 'Speed Reduction Response' (SRR) of motorists as they pass through a designated speed enforcement zone. Subject vehicles were paced as they passed through one of five such areas. …


This paper presents the conception of the next generation network (NGN) laboratory used for education and research projects at the Department of Telecommunication of the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. This article describes conception and structure of the laboratory environment for NGN technologies testing, as well as for implementation of NGN services and applications (also e-services like e-learning, e-consulting and e-collaborative work)


Combined with the experiences of pig industry development in Ankang city of Shannxi province,problems existing in the issue were discussed.Measurements,such as modernized equipment facilities and suitable scale of management were suggested.


An embedded Gigabit network project based on MPC8347 is proposed,which realizes a 1000Mb/s network interface in massive signal processing. Hardware connecting means of plot of pane and software flow chart are given. Some related problems in developing the MPC8347 network interface are discussed,such as the design of communication interface,external bus expansion,initialization and interruption,etc. The ways to solve these problems are put forward too.


Ship hullform is usually designed with a curve network, and smooth hullform surfaces are supposed to be generated by filling in (or interpolating) the curve network with appropriate surface patches. Tensor-product surfaces such as B-spline and patches are typical representations to this interpolating problem. However, they have difficulties in representing the surfaces of irregular topological type which are frequently appeared in the fore- and after-body of ship hullform curve network. In this paper, we proposed a method that can automatically generate discrete continuous B-spline surfaces interpolating given curve network of ship hullform. This method consists of three steps. In the first step, given curve network is reorganized to be of two types: boundary curves and reference curves of surface patches. Especially, the boundary curves are specified for their surface patches to be rectangular or triangular topological type that can be represented with tensor-product (or degenerate) B-spline surface patches. In the second step, surface fitting points and cross boundary derivatives are estimated by constructing virtual iso-parametric curves at discrete parameters. In the last step, discrete continuous B-spline surfaces are generated by surface fitting algorithm. Finally, several examples of resulting smooth hullform surfaces generated from the curve network data of actual ship hullform are included to demonstrate the quality of the proposed method.


The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of non- Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) recognizes more than 30 different subtypes of NHL.[1] The term aggressive NHL refers to those subtypes that grow rapidly (proliferation index > 40%) and would often be fatal within months without appropriate therapy. The most common subtype of aggressive NHL is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which will be the main focus of this review. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma accounts for approximately 30% to 40% of all newly diagnosed cases of NHL and more than 80% of aggressive lymphomas.[ 1] Prognosis Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma represents a heterogeneous entity. Multiple morphologic variants are recognized within the WHO classification, and patients exhibit a wide range of clinical presentations. The International Prognostic Index (IPI) remains the primary clinical tool used for predicting outcome for aggressive NHL.[2] Based on the number of negative prognostic features present at the time of diagnosis (age > 60 years, stage III/IV disease, elevated lactatedehydrogenase [LDH] level, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] performance status ≥ 2, more than one extranodal site of disease), the 5-year overall survival rate rangesfrom 26% to 73%.[2] Only about half of all presenting patients will be cured of their lymphoma. The clinical factors conferring poor prognosis are likely surrogate vari-ables for intrinsic molecular heterogeneity. Multiple molecular markers, such as overexpression of bcl-2 and bcl-6, have been shown to be predictive of outcome in DLBCL.[3] More recently, microarray gene expression studies have confirmed that biologically distinct subgroups exist within DLBCL, and can be correlated with outcome.[4-7] Alizadeh and colleagues demonstrated that at least two major subtypes can be


No Yes Under development (choose the best possible answer) 0.000 0.167 0.083 1 Is with respect to the protocol recorded in writing x 0.17 0.17 2 Its contents is based on evidence-based standards and guidelines x 0.17 0.17 3 Is with regard to the agreements on organisation and implementation recorded in writing x 0.08 0.17 4 Includes a description of the functions of all the different care providers x 0.17 0.17 5 Is available in writing for all care providers involved x *) 0.08 0.17 6 Is digitally available for all care providers involved x *)


Economic growth in a particular area can be measured by the amount of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Looking at the geographical location, Banten province is an area directly adjacent to Jakarta where there are many industrial sectors and there are activities in the Sunda Strait port, which is the mainland entrance between the islands of Java and Sumatra, causing economic activity to grow quite well in Banten Province. According to BPS data, economic growth in Banten Province rose by 5.59%. The increase also supports by several sectors there are agriculture, industry business and several other sectors. Linear regression method is a method commonly used to model the correlation of predictor variables and response variables. The weakness of this method is that the model produced is only one and global variable. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is the development of location-weighted linear regression (spatial) based on regional characteristics so that the parameters and variables that influence will also be different for each location. The best model selected by the largest R square (R 2 ) criterion and the smallest Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) value. The AIC value of the Linear Regression model is 47,094 and the AIC GWR value is 54,024, also the R 2 GWR is 0.953 while the linear regression R 2 is 0.87 .


Background: Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, many of the routine childhood immunization campaigns have been postponed or cancelled in many low and lower-middle income countries (LLMICs). In this study, we evaluated the impact of reduction in routine childhood immunization coverage in 75 LLIMCs on the under-five mortality.

Method: We estimated the impact on under-five mortality of a 10%-point reduction in the childhood immunization coverage. The analysis was done based on the reported child mortality due to diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae , rotavirus, measles and tuberculosis, the baseline coverage of each vaccine in each country and the efficacy of each vaccine.

Findings: We estimated a total of 188 078 under-five deaths per 10%-point reduction in childhood immunization coverage in LLMICs. Approximately 61% of the deaths would occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. More than half of the deaths would be due to whooping cough and diarrheal diseases. Furthermore, 31 of 41 Sub-Saharan African countries would have more than 50 extra deaths per 100 000. The most affected countries would be Chad, Niger, and the Central African Republic with 150 or more extra deaths per 100 000. Among the Asian LLMICs, Myanmar and Tajikistan would have the highest number of deaths.

Interpretation: Shifting resources from routine childhood immunization to COVID-19 vaccine programs would increase under-five mortality from vaccine preventable diseases. Therefore, maintaining childhood immunization coverage is crucial along with the measures to control COVID-19 pandemic.

Funding: This study has been funded by NORAD and Trond Mohn Foundation.

Declaration of Interest: None to declare.


The main objective of establishing the French register of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the Limousin region (FRALim), was to assess the incidence of ALS, in this ageing region of Europe, over a 12‐year period (2000–2011).


p-tert-Butoxycarbonyloxystyrene was synthesized by Wittig reaction with changing solvent medium. The hybrid products were separated and purified by conventional liquid chromatography with neutral Al2O3 anhydrous column and n-hexane for elution, which simplifies the separation method. It was shown that the purity of the aim product was higher than 99% and its yield was 60%~70%. The intermediate product p-tert-butoxycarbonyloxybenzaldehyde could be synthesized conveniently and quantitatively. The main byproduct was triphenylphosphine oxide. The aim product, intermediate product and some byproducts were identified with FTIR and NMR.


The success of Jinggangshan Revolution Base owes to a variety of factors.The explorations in perspective of modernity sociological theories show that the smooth operation of Jinggangshan Revolutionary Society is result of successful adjustment of the elements of the social systems.This paper analyzes the social adjustment functions of the Society at three dimensions,i.e.,the materialization of its external nature,the socialization of its internal nature and the influences of extra-systemic environments;and therefore sociologically explores the factors contributing to the success of Jinggangshan Revolution Base.


With the increasing environmental pressure, reducing the environmental impact on hybrid flow shops (HFS) has attracted extensive attention because of its broad industrial applications. The selection of machines in the implementation of HFS is a complex decision-making process that hinders the optimization efficiency in shops. However, this issue has not been addressed thoroughly. In light of this, a multi-objective mathematical model is formulated for the minimization of makespan and energy consumption of the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem (HFSP). The environmental performance of machines is calculated by the proposed evaluation index and is ranked on the basis of the integrated entropy and fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution method. Moreover, to solve the multi-objective model of HFSP, an improved differential evolution algorithm with a heuristic active decoding rule that incorporates the ranking of environmental performance of machines into the iterative process of the algorithm is presented. Finally, a case study is presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method and to prove the feasibility of the ranking-based differential evolution algorithm (RBDE). The result shows that the proposed RBDE outperforms RBNSGA-II and RBPSO in searching for non-dominated solutions that can solve the environmental production of HFSP effectively.


Purpose: Our purpose was to evaluate F-18 FDG uptake in pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC) according to CT findings and histology of lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three lung cancer patients with PLC were enrolled in this retrospective study. All the patients had a CT-based diagnosis of PLC. Chest CT findings of PLC were classified on the basis of involvement of axial interstitium. We categorized the involvement of axial interstitium as group 1, and the involvement of peripheral interstitium only as group 2. Visual and semiquantitative analyses by F-18 FDG PET/CT were performed in the PLC lesions. At first, we analyzed the F-18 FDG uptake in the PLC by visual assessment. If abnormal uptake was seen in the PLC, we drew regions of interest in the PLC lesions to obtain the maximum SUVs (maxSUVs). Results: Of the 33 patients, 22 had abnormal F-18 FDG uptake in the visual assessment. There was no significant difference in the frequency of abnormal F-18 FDG uptake between group 1 and group 2 (p=0.17), although the frequency of group 1 tended to be higher than group 2 (15/19 (78.9%) in group 1, 7/14 (50.0%) in group 2). However, group 1 had a higher maxSUV than group 2 (p, group 2: ). There was no significant difference in the frequency of abnormal F-18 FDG uptake and maxSUV among the histology of the lung cancers. Conclusion: The involvement of axial interstitium in the PLC by lung cancer has a higher maxSUV than the involvement of only peripheral interstitium.


Based on analysis of the characteristics of the terraces in patterns and sediment ofthe Fenhe drainage basin, we find it was the three tectonic uplifts that caused the formation ofthree-level terraces. These uplifts took place at 0.76 Ma BP, 0.55 Ma BP and 0.l3 Ma BPrespectively and resulted in the three low-level stages of the paleolake in consistent with thedevelopment of S8, S5, S1, in time. Compared with the neotectonic movements in the upperreaches of the Yellow River, the three tectonic uplifts in this region are in correspondence withthem, and this may imply that the neotectonic uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau strongycontrolled the tectonic movements in the Fenhe drainage basin. According to the features oflaustrine sediment deposited from the time when S5, ended its formation to the time when S1,began to develop, we also find the changes in paleoclimate from dry to wet influenced thedevelopment of the paleolakes. The lake levels rose when it was wet and dropped when it wasdry, but the extent of this change of the lake levels was no more than 4.5 m, and much smallerthan that caused by tectonic moveme.


BACKGROUND: Use of the indigenous, easily accessible leafy vegetable roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) for value addition is
gaining impetus as its nutritive and nutraceutical compounds are exposed by investigations. Being a perishable, storage is
challenging, hence different methods of drying have been an attractive alternative for its postharvest usage in foods without
much compromising its quality and antioxidant potential.
RESULTS: Room- and freeze-dried samples were found to have best quality in terms of colour, total flavonoid content
(18.53±2.39 and 18.66±1.06 g kg−1 respectively), total phenolic content (17.76±1.93 and 18.91±0.48 g kg−1), chlorophyll
content (1.59±0.001 and 1.55±0.001 g kg−1) and ascorbic acid content (11.11±1.04 and 8.92±0.94 g kg−1) compared with
those subjected to infrared, crossflow, microwave, oven or sun drying. Samples treated by room and freeze drying retained
maximum antioxidant potential as shown by the phosphomolybdate method and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free
radical-scavenging activity andferric-reducing antioxidantpower assays.Coldwaterandhotwater extracts showedsignificantly
higher total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity owing to the greater solubility of phenolics and destruction of
cellular components in polar solvents than in organic solvents.
CONCLUSION: The data obtained show the potential for retaining quality parameters of roselle leaf under suitable drying
methods.


The kinematics-free angular momentum trajectory, called the ..gamma.. trajectory, is illustrated numerically in nonrelativistic potential scattering using Yukawa and exponential potentials of various strengths. The ..gamma.. trajectory, in contrast to the ..cap alpha.. (Regge) trajectory, is free of elastic kinematics and so is real for all energies above threshold and real for certain energies below threshold. Resonances are caused when the ..gamma.. trajectory passes through the resonance angular momentum at the resonance energy, and bound states are caused when the ..gamma.. trajectory passes near the bound-state angular momentum at the bound-state energy. Numerical illustrations of the following ..gamma.. trajectory characteristics are given: the reality of ..gamma.., bound-state and resonance production, threshold and high-energy behavior, and collisions of trajectories below threshold. In addition, general properties of ..gamma.. trajectories in the context of potential scattering are discussed.


Despite advances in therapy, heart failure remains a significant disease burden, with poor outcomes, worldwide. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) damage cardiomyocytes. Endothelial progenitor cells promote the repair of the endothelium of arteries damaged by ROS. However, gene expression profiles of Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAECs), Endothelial Progenitor Cells (HEPCs), and Cardiomyocytes (HCMs) are unclear. In the present study, we determined the expression profiles of different genes in HAECs, HEPCs, and HCMs by performing quantitative PCR. Results showed that p53 and Cx37 were up-regulated, but VEGF, Cx43, and eNOS were down-regulated in HEPCs. Cx40 and eNOS were up-regulated in HAECs. Moreover, we determined the effect of hydrogen peroxide-derived ROS on HCMs. Results showed that Cx40, Cx45, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, p53, and p21 were up-regulated, but E-cadherin was down-regulated after high concentration of hydrogen peroxide treatment.


Reactivity and Selectivity in the Oxidation of Styrene Derivatives. IV. Studies on the Oxidation of Substituted β,β-Dimethylstyrenes

The liquid phase oxidation of substitued (p-MeO-, p-Cl-, m-CF3-) 2-aryl-3-methyl-but-2-enes, of 1,1-diphenyl-2-methyl-propene, of 1-ethoxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propene and of 9-isopropylidene-fluorene with pure oxygen was investigated in chlorobenzene solution and in presence of cumene and of cumene hydroperoxide in the temperature range 65-125 °C. The product yields were determined gaschromatographically. The differences of the activation energies of epoxide formation and the parallel reactions were calculated. They amount to 19–48 kJ/mol. The epoxide selectivity increases with increasing temperature and increasing concentration of olefin. The relative chain propagation constants (kpCC) were determined by competitive oxidation with cumene. The kpCC values of substitued β,β-dimethylstyrenes can be correlated by a LFE-relationship with the ionisation energies of the olefins.


The nurses need to achieve other important skills in order to compete with other nurses all over the world to get brighter and better future in the globalisation era. Nurses especially in Indonesia must be provided with other skills beside their own skills in the field of health care and treatment for deseas. This thesis deals with the communicative skills and materials design for Nursing Academy. It is expected that the materials are communicatively applicable for Imelda Nursing Academy especially for those who want to work overseas with English as the means of communication on doing their everyday jobs. The informants were taken from two nurses who already worked for more than two years at Selangor Medical Centre which located in Malaysia. To obtain the data, the interview was applied to both of the nurses. To add other information, the writer also read related documents. Based on the interviews and the reading, the writer designs materials required of the nurses in order to help them in doing their job in the future. The data analysis showed that the nurses needed to learn vocabularies in relation to medical terms. The design of materials are expected to be able to tailor the target needs of the nurses. It is expected that this study will have a significant to the improvement of the nurses ability in performing a better service as required of their jobs.


This study examines the effects of profitability, leverage, and Islamic social reporting (ISR) on firm value. This study uses explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study is all companies from the basic and chemical industry sectors listed on the Indonesian Syariah Stock Index in consecutive years reporting financial statements for 2017–2021. Saturated sampling is selected as the sampling method, and documentation is used to collect data. The data were analyzed using path analysis with the help of IBM-SPPS-21. The results showed that profitability significantly affects firm value, while leverage does not significantly affect firm value. Profitability significantly affects ISR reporting, whereas influence does not affect ISR reporting. ISR reporting can increase the value of a company. ISR reporting can mediate the relationship between profitability and firm value. However, ISR reporting cannot mediate the impact of leverage on firm value. The findings of this study suggest that to maximize returns, it is necessary to pay attention to the company's profitability, the proportion of leverage used, and the company's ISR reporting.


Aimed at the necessity of recovery of compound scrap of copper and silver and the present state of recovering them at home and abroad,a whole separation and recovery technology of compound scrap of copper and silver had been brought out.It could be provided with high efficiency,simpleness and conveniency,low cost and less pollution and so on.Meanwhile,the copper recovery was 99.7%,and the silver recovery was more than 99.9%.Both of the purity were more than 99.9%.


A head protection device (2), comprising an outer layer (20) having an internal surface; an inner layer (28) having a surface facing the outer layer; an intermediate layer (24) having a plurality of compressible elements (50) disposed in an interstitial region, which contains a fluid, formed by the inner (28) and outer (20) layers; and at least one step through which the fluid can exit from the intermediate layer (24) as the outer layer (20) deforms in response to an impact on the outer layer (20), characterized in that the at least one step includes a hole in the inner layer (28).


This manual describes the use of the PRCI Thermal Analysis Model for Hot Tap Welding - V4.1, which was developed by Edison Welding Institute (EWI) for PRCI. The model is intended to provide welding engineers with guidance for establishing safe parameters for welding onto in-service pipelines (hot-tap welding).


Local expression of rennin-angiotensin system (RAS) components significantly increases in patients with arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis with or without elevation of RAS activity in the blood. Our objectives was to assessment and compare the expression level of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in the smooth muscle cells in arteries of patients with multifocal atherosclerosis and the role of local angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) expression in the disease progression. The study results suggest that the tissue RAS activity increases inhomogeneously among patients. It was interestly that AT1R expression levels in intact arteries does not differ of those in atherosclerotic arteries. Most of patients had expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in smooth muscle of arteries; strong elevation had 43,8% — 50,0%. Our study suggest of role of local RAS activity, but we proposed existence of another than only angiotensin II type 1 receptor mechanisms of low or high susceptibility of arteries to atherosclerosis in patient with multifocal atherosclerosis.


OAG(Open Applicatioo Group)-based data exchange method is detailedly analysed,and the data exchange module of integration platform in import and export fields in Fujian province is established based on this method.By using this platform,enterprises realize exchanging information freely,government departments speed up cross department communication,and import export enterprises,trade enterprises succeed in timely exchanging and sharing basic information management and resource cross area and cross department.


Background: Leprosy continues to be public health problem in India. In India, Chhattisgarh state is having the highest prevalence rate of 2.33 per 10000 populations presently. Leprosy expresses itself in different clinics - histopathological forms depending on the immune system the host. Objective: To find the strength of the relationship between clinically diagnosed leprosy patients with histopathological findings.
Materials & Methods: This was a prospective study was carried out on 42 new cases of leprosy attending the outpatient department of dermatology and venereology of J. L. N. Hospital and Research Centre Bhilai Steel Plant Bhilai from March 2009 to December 2010 & all the patients were included after taking informed consent. All the cases were subjected detailed history and through clinical examination & histopathological examination of skin tissue as per the structured pro forma.
Results: The Male female ratio was 1:1. Majority of the patients were belonged to the age group between 41 to 60 years. Overall positive correlation found between Clinico - histopathological was 0.69. Majority of the patients were found in the borderline tuberculoid leprosy in Clinically & Histopathological findings. The overall agreement was good between clinical spectrum and histopathological findings.
Conclusion: In some early cases, clinical signs and symptoms may precede the presently known characteristic tissue changes or vice versa. If a biopsy is taken at an early stage, there is likely to be discordance between the clinical and histopathological observations.

Keywords: Leprosy, Clinical Examination, Histopathological Examination, Strength of relationship.


This article addresses the fundamental puzzle of European integration in the realm of security and defence policy, a puzzle taking the form of a set of questions. Why has it proven so difficult for the Western Europeans to do in the domain of defence and security what they have been able to accomplish in other policy areas, especially those related to economic and monetary affairs? How is it that a half-century-old integrationist project that featured from the outset France and Germany as its key players and the attainment of security as its key objective should have so consistently undershot the avowed target of forging European union across the entire spectrum of public policy, including and especially defence? Why has Franco–German cooperation been more impressive outside of the confines of defence and security policy than within it, and is there any reason to believe that challenges that proved insurmountable within one international structural setting (viz., bipolarity) might prove to be more tractable as a result of change in the system? In what follows, I avail myself of political symbolism as a means of grappling with this paradox. In particular, I am going to make a case for interpreting the security relationship between France and Germany within the context of something known as 'strategic culture', which I will argue below depends upon the use of nonliteral forms of expression such as myth and metaphor to capture as well as transmit interest and feelings about political reality. No metaphors more accurately fulfil this function for France (and to a lesser extent, Germany) than those expressions of locomotion so frequently invoked (above all, 'motor' and 'engine') – expressions that are themselves nested within a broader and older symbolic


A general theory for microstructure in systems of copolymers with strongly interacting groups (SIGs) is proposed. The so-called superstrong segregation limit, corresponding to rather short blocks containing SIGs and strong attraction between them, is considered in detail. In particular, multiplet formation in melts and solutions of ionomers (block ionomers) is studied. It is shown that as the interaction parameter increases, the most stable shape of a multiplet continuously changes from spherical to disklike (oblate ellipsoid). A further increase of the interaction parameter induces another (first order) transition from disklike multiplets to lamellae. The same transitions could be induced by decreasing the average length of ionic blocks in block ionomer systems. The relevant experimental observations are discussed.


Abstract No Abstract Available. Taken in part from a thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Dentistry, University of Washington, School of Dentistry. This study was supported in part by the University of Washington Orthodontic Memorial Fund.


Microstrip antenna as a communcation device has small dimension with good receiving signal ability, this microstrip antenna is a technology that can be used on a wireless network application with high rate data speeds. This microstrip antennas are small, designed in such a way that can be used daily without causing bad image effects for user apperance. antenna yagi microstrip device can be implemented in various fields such as industry, science and medical. The result of the antenna design is carried out by simulation process using applications. The target results from the antenna are: frequency 2.0 GHz, return loss ≤ -10 dB, dan VSWR ≤ 1.9.


ABSTRACT Understanding of orchard nutrition status can facilitate the proper management of orchards for higher fruit yield and quality. From 2011 to 2019, the nutrition status of orchards in Hunan Province, a major citrus-producing area in china, were assessed. A total of 361 soil samples, 378 leaf samples and 285 fruit samples of sweet oranges including navel orange (citrus sinensis l. Osbeck 'newhall') and common sweet orange (citrus sinensis l. Osbeck 'bingtangcheng'), and mandarins including satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc. 'miyagawa') and ponkan (citrus reticulata blanco 'xinnu') were collected. These samples were from112 sweet orange orchards and 140 mandarin orchards. Parameters of soil, leaf and fruit nutrition and fruit quality were analyzed based on these samples. The results revealed that soil acidification occurred in 79.0% of sweet orange orchards (ph 3.56 to 8.12) and 74.7% of mandarin orchards (ph 2.75 to 8.15). Soil organic matter (om) was abundant in both sweet orange orchards (21.3 g/kg on average) and mandarin orchards (19.77 g/kg on average). Nutrient analysis demonstrated deficiencies of nitrogen (n), potassium (k) and boron (b) in soils and leaves of sweet orange and mandarin orchards. Zinc (zn) was abundant in soils but deficient in leaves, suggesting a low zn utilization efficiency in these orchards. Besides, excessive iron (fe), magnesium (mn) and copper (cu) were found in sweet orange and mandarin leaves, which may be associated with low soil ph and fungicides application in this area. The average contents of n, phosphorus (p) and k in the fruit were about 0.80%, 0.11% and 0.51%, respectively, with a ratio close to 1:0.14:0.6. Multiple linear regression (mlr) analysis revealed that leaf npk and molybdenum (mo) significantly affect fruit fresh fruit weight (ffw) and total soluble solids (tss), and leaf p is closely correlated with fruit titratable acid (ta).


October 2020 IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, & CYBERNETICS MAGAZINE 3 Virtual Reality in the Time of COVID-19 U nder the COVID-19 global pandemic, many of us are subjected to stay-at-home directives and are working from home for a period of time to reduce the risk of virus spread in society. One major impact of COVID-19 on our everyday lives that occurs to me is that, as human beings, we are spending a large portion of our time sitting down somewhere, be that a sofa, a dinner table, behind an office desk, or as we travel in some mode of transportation. In European research involving 28,000 respondents, it was revealed that the median sitting time was 7.5 h per day. In this issue of IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Magazine, "Smart Cushion-Based Activity Recognition" sheds new light on this topic. This brought back memories of 1992 when I was engaged in the design and development of a prototype gadget that would remind computer users to rest periodically from sitting in front of a computer and working for hours on end, thus giving their eyes and seated posture a break. In recent years, with the arrival of virtual reality (VR), we have seen many useful tool applications where humans can be immersed in and gain experience from a plethora of training and rehabilitation environments. In 2019, the VR market was valued at just over US$11 billion; it is anticipated to grow to nearly US$90 billion by 2026. Last year, we witnessed annual consumer VR software sales reach US$1 billion. In all possibility, it seems that VR is about to deliver what we have been waiting for quite some time. Several tech companies are delivering very innovative products that can not only be used for VR applications but also as enablers for other innovative uses, such as the one included in the article "HTC Vive Tracker," which is in this month's issue of IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Magazine.


Deduction is a method of proving a specific judgment with general principles. It has been argued that deduction is the basis of scientific theories. Deduction is widely applied to the study of international politics as well as to other disciplines.Two prerequisites, correct premises and demonstration, are needed to guarantee the correctness of deduction. The mastery of the use of deduction is very helpful for international politics study.


Biomass energy resources in China are first described, along with biomass gasification R & D now underway. In Shanxi province biomass and other regenerative energy is relatively little used but coal resources are large. Hence Shanxi is mainly developing clean coal technology to meet its economic and environmental protection requirements. Clean combustion research at Taiyuan University of Technology includes cofiring of coal and RDF in FBC, gas purification and adsorption, fundamentals of plasma-aided coal pyrolysis and gasification and coal derived liquid fuels from synthesis gas. 5 refs.


Time-dependent movements described as pulsing, puffing or swaying are among the most visible characteristics of open flames. In the fire safety field, "puffing" of pool fires has been well studied, with scaling of the frequency of flame pulsations with the size of the burner being well correlated with the diameter of the fire size [1]. For smaller fires, a "flickering" instability at a higher frequency than "puffing" is also formed at the top of small flames [2]. Despite many years of study, the dynamics of wind-driven fires, especially those resembling a line fire configuration have not been well documented, instead focusing on their steady or averaged characteristics [3]. This configuration has recently been found to be particularly relevant when attempting to understand propagating wildland fires, prompting this more detailed study of their time-dependent behavior.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of Aloe polysaccharide on human keratinocytes(KC) against the damage of Ultraviolet B(UVB).METHODS: The immortalized human keratinocyte cell line HaCa-T cells were treated with Aloe polysaccharide after undergoing irradiation of UVB (40 mJ·cm-2). The cell growth in 24 h was observed and the concentration of IL-8 by HaCaT cells was detected by ELISA kit. RESULTS: HaCaT cells could be damaged by UVB irradiation, and the cell counts were decreased obviously at 24 h after undegoing irradiation by UVB. The level of IL-8 secreted by HaCaT cells was increased by the irradiation of UVB, but which was significantly decreased after treatment with aloe polysaccharide(P0.05).CONCLUSION: Aloe polysaccharide has photoprotective effects on KC, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of cytokine secretion.


Under Washington's Industrial Insurance Act,2 a disabled worker is eligible to receive disability benefits3 if the worker's disability arises from what can either be defined as a workrelated injury4 or an occupational disease.' Because of these definitions, Washington's treatment of work-related disability claims is unique in comparison to the differing approaches taken by other states.' In most other states, the definitions of


The analgesic efficacy of paracetamol was assessed in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study of 100 children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. Fifty children were given paracetamol elixir 40 mg/kg 40 minutes preoperatively (Group A); the remaining 50 children were given an oral placebo 40 minutes pre-operatively and paracetamol suppositories 40 mg/kg after induction of anaesthesia (Group B). Paracetamol was the only analgesic given and was given either orally or rectally in order to produce high variations in plasma paracetamol concentrations postoperatively. At 30 minutes after the end of surgery a pain score (0–10) was obtained and a venous blood sample was taken for serum paracetamol concentration analysis. Children given paracetamol elixir had a higher mean paracetamol concentration (0.15 [SD 0.06] mmol/l vs 0.05 [SD 0.03] mmol/l, P < 0.001) and a lower median pain score (5 vs 7, P < 0.02) than those who were given suppositories. The use of rescue morphine was higher (10 vs 23, P < 0.001) in the latter group. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was the same in both groups (20%) during the 24 hour postoperative period. Plasma paracetamol concentrations of 0.066–0.132 mmol/l are known to reduce temperature; plasma paracetamol concentrations which provide analgesia are unknown. Children with plasma paracetamol concentrations above 0.07 mmol/l had superior analgesia to those with concentrations below this level (P < 0.05).


A personal health record (PHR) provides a summary of the health and medical history of a consumer. It includes data gathered from different sources such as from health care providers, pharmacies, insures, the consumer, and third parties such as gyms. Importing data into PHRs is problematic as different data sources use different representation formats. In addition, automating the importation is problematic as many of the sources are built based on proprietary solutions, and thereby are not able to interoperate with PHR systems. In this paper, we described how the importation of e-prescriptions into PHRs can be automated. In our solution e-prescriptions are produced by an electronic prescription writer (EPW) which functionality is specified by BPMN notation and then translated into executable WS-BPEL code. The EPW sends CCRformatted data of e-prescriptions into PHR system, which first transforms (if needed) the data into the format of the used PHR system, and then stores them into PHRs. In particular, we consider how a PHR system can transform a CCR-formatted data into RDF/XML format. The gain of such transformation is that we can implement the PHR system as an application of a knowledge base system, and thereby we can capture the wide expression power of knowledge base system's query interface into the PHR system.


This paper reveals some of the silences about 'race' in development ideologies, institutions and practices. It suggests that these mask the perpetuation of a racialized discourse in development, its complicity with broader historical and contemporary racial projects and the effects of 'race' on the processes and consequences of development. The paper provides an agenda for understanding development in terms of 'race' and identifies three potential areas for further investigation. The first is the continuing legacy of colonial constructions and the persistence of forms of racial difference and hierarchy in development. The second concerns the power of whiteness and specifically how authority, expertise and knowledge become racially symbolized. The third area for further examination is how 'race' is disguised through the use of specialized terminology and criteria in accounting for poverty and social exclusion. The paper concludes by suggesting that debates around multiculturalism and anti-racism could inform a shift away from racialized representations and inequalities prevailing in development.


During 2007-2009 ys in the conditions of artificial infection 39 hybrids of F 1, as well as their parental: 5 lines – restorers of pollen fertility as males and 9 lines – as females were studied on damage degree caused by phomopsis agent. Trials of sunflower hybrids were carried out on the isolated phytopathologic site in the 3 year monoculture conditions. As a result of 3-year trials under the conditions of artificial infectious background of illness high donor characteristics as to a low degree of damage caused by the phomopsis agent in the line – a paternal form of semi-sib hybrids of sunflower Kh 843 R, Kh 1228 R and maternal forms of НС 26 А and SKh 2122 A werw revealed. The reliably high indexes of breeding value are established in the resistance paternal line Kh 526 R and maternal line – SKh 2111 A, and also receptive – paternal form Kh 843 R and maternal НС 26 А аnd SKh 2122 A


Assembly process of 3D visualization based on UG-CAD is a new process with the product design and information of assembly process can be displayed with 3D visualization graphics by using 3D assembly graph and this new method can make workman intuitively know the assembly relation and comprehend assembly process of products.The design environment and process and application feasibility and effectiveness of assembly process of 3D visualization based on UG-CAD are discussed in detail.Through the application of proven and compared with the traditional assembly methods,the time for workman to know the 2D graph and literal process route can be reduced and the exception can be greatly avoided.The accuracy and efficiency of assembly work can be also improved..


This article focuses on the dynamic performance improvement of variable flux memory machine (VFMM), particularly the speed fluctuation mitigation control during magnetization state (MS) manipulations. A model-compensation linear active disturbance rejection (LADR-MC) speed controller is proposed for VFMM speed regulation systems to compensate for the drastic disturbance during MS manipulation and to reduce both the torque and speed fluctuations. An extended state observer (ESO) is employed to provide real-time estimation of disturbances in a lumped term. Additionally, the machine parameters during MS manipulations are identified in advance and utilized in real time to improve the accuracy of disturbance estimation for the ESO. Then, the design procedure of the LADR-MC controller is explained in detail with formulas and diagrams. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed LADR-MC speed controller are verified by experimental results on a hybrid-magnetic-circuit VFMM prototype. The drive system employing the LADR-MC speed controller exhibits better performance in speed fluctuation mitigation compared with those based on the conventional proportional-integral and LADR controllers.


It's not surprisingly when entering this site to get the book. One of the popular books now is the toward therapeutic care a guide for those who work with the mentally ill second edition. You may be confused because you can't find the book in the book store around your city. Commonly, the popular book will be sold quickly. And when you have found the store to buy the book, it will be so hurt when you run out of it. This is why, searching for this popular book in this website will give you benefit. You will not run out of this book.


A frequency tracking phase shift PWM control strategy for DBD ozone generator is proposed in this paper.In this strategy,integrated phase locked loop CD4046 is used and the frequncy tracking phase shift PWM function is realized by comparing a given DC voltage and a sawtooth voltage in PIN 6 and PIN 7 of the CD4046 under the condition when CD4046 is on phase locked status.Compared with the other frequncy tracking phase shift PWM control strategy,the strategy based on CD4046 proposed in this paper has the characteristics of simpleness and easy to realize.The feasibility and validity of the strategy proposed in this paper is verified by the experimental results.


The aim of the study is to investigate information literacy self-efficacy skills of postgraduate students. The study consists of 115 Library and Information Science Postgraduate Students in South-South, Nigeria. The information literacy self-efficacy scale (7 factors) developed by Kurbanoglu, Akkoyunlu & Umay (2006) was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation Coefficients were used for analysis. Results indicated that the postgraduate students across the three institutions possess information literacy self-efficacy skills. However, there is significant variation in three out of the seven factors predicting information literacy selfefficacy skills. Therefore, the study recommends that information literacy self-efficacy should be given more attention especially in the use of metacognitive learning strategies that will enable postgraduate students increase their ability in initiating search strategy, assessing and comprehending information as well as to interpret, synthesize and use information.


The behavioral logic of agents in agent-based simulation models is becoming increasingly complex. This intrinsic development calls for new approaches to understanding and analyzing agent behavior. For example, when applying an agent-based model (ABM) without knowing the full model specifications, its agents – particularly their decision-making processes – are a black box to the user. Similarly, when designing an ABM, the individual steps of an agent's decision-making trajectories might cease to be fully traceable when the model becomes sufficiently complex. Under such circumstances, ABM users and designers are forced to infer underlying reasons for behaviors from observation. This process is comparable to ecologists observing the behavior of organisms. In this contribution, we focus on the movement behavior of spatially explicit human agents. We reflect on the Movement Ecology Paradigm (MEP) and transfer some of its conceptual results to the world of human agents. Notably, we outline the MEP's Why-Where-How complex and assess whether these three questions are sufficient for describing human agents' underlying motivations for movement behaviors. A first, basic version of the Human Agent Movement Paradigm (HAMP) is proposed. Like the ODD protocol in ecology, the HAMP can be seen as an initial step toward a standard protocol to describe the movement of spatially explicit agents.


Objective To summarize the contrast enhanced ultrasonographic (CEUS) features of benign focal liver lesions, on and to investigate the value of contrast enhanced ultrasound techniques in the diagnosis of benign focal liver lesion. Methods The contrast enhanced ultrasonographic performance of 68 benign focal liver lesions cases which were difficult for routine ultrasound diagnosis and confirmed by pathology or follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square test of four-fold table were used to compare the diagnostic coincidence rate of conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Results The 68 cases of benign focal liver lesions included complex cysts (n=7), liver hydatids (n=2), liver abscess (n=15), focal nodular hyperplasia (n=8), angiomyolipoma (n=2), hepatocellular adenoma (n=4), focal fat accumulation (n=16), inflammatory pseudotumor (n=12), solitary necrotic nodule (n=1), intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma (n=1). There were no enhancement among 7 complex cysts, 2 liver hydatids and 1 solitary necrotic nodule. Isoenhancement was detected in focal fat accumulation (n=16); hypoenhancement during the arterial phase and sustained enhancement during the portal or late phase was found in focal nodular hyperplasia (n=8) and angiomyolipoma (n=2). Grid-like enhancements during the arterial phase and isoenhancement or hypoenhancement during the portal phase, and hypoenhancement during the late phase was presented in liver abscess (n=15). Hyperenhancement during the arterial phase were detected in 4 cases of hepatocellular adenoma, 3 of which showed isoenhancement or hyperenhancement during the portal and delayed phase, one case showed hypoenhancement during the portal phase. Eight cases of all the inflammatory pseudotumor showed no enhancement during all phases; 3 cases showing grid enhancement during the arterial phase and the enhancement washed out rapidly; 1 case showed mild edge enhancement during the arterial phase and hypoenhancement during the delayed phase. The solid part of the intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma showed hyperenhancement during the arterial phase and hypoenhancement during the portal and late phase. The central area showed no enhancement during all phase. The coincidence rate between pathology and conventional ultrasound diagnosis was 61.8%(42/68). The coincidence rate between pathology and contrastenhanced ultrasound diagnosis was 92.6%(63/68). The coincidence rate of contrast-enhanced ultrasound diagnostic was higher than that of conventional ultrasound, with a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 8.17, P 0.01). Conclusion Real-time gray-scale contrast-enhanced sonography can improve the accuracy of the diagnosis and differential diagnosis for benign focal liver lesions.


A waterborne exterior surface paint for container with high ageing and corrosion resistance was prepared with waterborne acrylic and polyurethane resin as film-forming materials. Some factors affecting corrosion resistance were analyzed,including types of resin and pigment,category of foam suppressor,variety and dosage of dispersant and dosage of nanometer slurry,etc. Results indicated that the water-based exterior paint for container with good comprehensive performance was obtained when styrene acrylic emulsion and polyurethane with a mass ratio of 1:2 were used as base materials,concentrated molecular defoamer E was selected for use,and the dosage of grafted copolymer dispersant D was 0.6%,TiO2 nano-slurry 0.5%,and pigment volume concentration 30%.


The method for channel estimation at the location tracking system, systems, and devices will be described. The method, system, and device may include tools and techniques for determining and / or design (including a preamble sequence) full or half full sequence for implementation at the location tracking system. Implementation may aid complexity and / or to reduce the operating power consumption, such as ternary sequence, a sequence which has the number 2 of the exponent dimensions can be determined and employed. Sequence can be determined using the mean square error and / or the maximum autocorrelation peak performance metric.


For many years, optics has been cited as the technology of choice for communication. In applications such as telephones, cable TV, and local area networks, it seems that optical communication has proved to have technological and economical advantages. However, in the area of parallel processing, optics has not yet made an impact, despite a number of efforts to demonstrate various concepts and principles with extensive experiments and prototyping. It seems that, so far, a conclusive opinion has not been reached. Parallel processing systems still use electronic networks for inter-processor communication.


Recently the researches on modular multi-level converter (MMC) are being highlighted because high quality and efficient power transmission have become key issues in high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. This paper proposes an improved pre-charging method for the sub-module (SM) capacitor of MMC-based HVDC systems, which operates in the nearest level control (NLC) modulation and does not need additional circuits or pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques. The feasibility of the proposed method was verified through computer simulations for a scaled 3-phase 10kVA MMC with 12 SMs per each arm. Hardware experiments with a scaled prototype have also been performed in the lab to confirm the simulation results.