The operation of technical processes requires increasingly advanced supervision and fault diagnosis to improve reliability, safety and economy. This contribution describes advanced methods of fault detection and diagnosis. It begins with the consideration of a knowledge-based procedure, which is based on analytical and heuristic information. Then different methods of fault detec tion are considered, which extract features from measured signals and use process and signal models. These methods are based on parameter estimation, state estimation and parity equations. By comparison with the normal behaviour, analytic symptoms are generated. Human operators may be a further source of information and support the generation of heuristic symptoms. For fault diagno sis, all symptoms have to be processed in order to determine possible faults. This can be performed by classification methods or approximate reasoning, using probabilistic or possibilistic (fuzzy) approaches based on if-then rules. The application of these methods is shown for fault detection and diagnosis of a machine tool drive and a d.c.motor. Emphasis is given to the application of fuzzy logic in various parts of the diagnosis system.


The working capital management is important because of its effects on the firm's profitability and risk, and consequently its value. Specifically, working capital investment involves a tradeoff between profitability and risk. Working capital management is direct impact on liquidity and profitability, in attention to the liquidity management process may cause severe difficulties and losses due to adverse short-run developments even for a firm with favorable long-run prospects. The purpose of this research is to provide empirical evidence on the effects of working capital management on the profitability of listed companies of the manufacturing sector in Sri Lanka. Working Capital Management has its effect on liquidity as well on profitability of the firm. In this research, I have selected the Sri Lankan manufacturing firms which are listed in the Colombo stock exchange for a period of 5 years from 2009 – 2014. Data collection will be mainly based on secondary evidence methods including annual reports and financial statements and, previous financial statements. This study uses the effect of different variables of working capital management including the Average collection period, Inventory turnover in days, Average payment period and cash conversion cycle from operating activities, total current assets and total current liabilities on the Net operating profitability of having Sri Lankan manufacturing firms. Empirical evidence relating working capital management and profitability in general supports the fact that aggressive working capital policies enhance profitability. This suggests that reducing working capital investment is likely to lead to higher profits.


Current fielded delay formulations face increased scrutiny due to their environmentally hazardous components (i.e., BaCrO4/KClO4), and there is an immediate need for viable replacements. In this work, the W/MnO2 composition is explored as an environmentally benign time delay replacement. Delay performance and aging characteristics are examined at diameters (6.35 and 4.7 mm) similar to those of common delay housings. Measured maximum combustion temperatures ranged from 1466 to 1670 K as a function of mixture stoichiometry. The measured combustion velocities ranged from 0.67 to 1.68 mm/s for 6.35 mm open air pellets, and from 1.62 to 4.61 mm/s when combusted in 6.35 and 4.7 mm ID Al/SS housings. When packing density was increased and decreased from the standard 60% theoretical maximum density, combustion velocity decreased. For all W/MnO2 formulations, the maximum measured gas production was 9.1 mL/g. Accelerated aging was performed for 8 weeks, and negligible changes in combustion characteristics were obse...


The basis of the NGL method is the observed increase in secondary gamma radiation Jnɣ opposite water-bearing parts of the formation, caused by the increased gross chlorine concentration, and in the observed decrease of Jnɣ opposite oil-bearing parts of the formations, free from chlorine. Between the water-bearing and oil-bearing parts of the beds one often finds intermediate ɣ -ray intensities, corresponding to a zone of transitional oil saturation.


The present invention relates to novel thieno [2,3-b] thiophene monomers having the structure (the I), oligomers and polymers, as semiconductors or charge transport materials, optical, electro-optical or electronic devices, for example LCD, optical films, FET including TFT-LCD and IC devices, for example RFID tags, use thereof in or photovoltaic or sensor devices, in FET or OFET for electroluminescent devices in flat panel displays, as well as further novel polymers, emission relates to a device or an ID tag.


The classification and the diversity of termites are reviewed. The morphological characteristics, cuticular hydrocarbons and molecular biology of termites have been used in taxonomy. The effects of both ecological environment and geological history on the termite diversity are summarized.


The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Low Vision Occupational Therapy Department implemented a hybrid model of care that combined in-clinic care and telehealth services. Fifteen patients, aged 19 to 95 years, living with a variety of low-vision diagnoses used telehealth services and had access to a supplemental device lending library. This qualitative program evaluation describes the hybrid model, patient experiences with those services, and future steps. This program demonstrated a decrease in missed appointments and a general acceptance by those using these services.


We investigated the morphology of vacuum‐deposited films of hole‐transporting materials 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (CBP) and 2,2′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (CFL) on a colloidal quantum dot (QD) film by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fabricated quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) using CBP and CFL. Surface free energy of the QD film is lower than those of CFL and CBP. Low surface free energy of the QD film affects the wetting property of materials deposited on the QD film. From the AFM images, 3D island growth was observed in the CBP film, whereas planar growth was observed in the CFL film. We consider that the large molecular mass and the molecular shape of CFL with the perpendicular arrangement of the two bulky π‐electron systems restrain the rearrangement of the molecules during vacuum deposition. The QD‐LEDs using CBP or CFL as a hole‐transporting material showed saturated green emission. Luminance of the QD‐LED using CFL was higher than that of the QD‐LED using CBP at high voltages. This resulted from thermal stability of the CFL. The external quantum efficiency of the QD‐LED using CFL was 3.3% and was higher than that of the QD‐LED using CBP because the CFL formed the smooth film on the QD film.


A1AT typing was performed on haemolysates from 198 unrelated Norwegian Lapps. The allele frequencies found were AlAT1 = 0.61 and AlAT2 = 0.39. Variant phenotypes were not observed.A material of 400 unrelated non-Lappish Norwegians, which was included for comparison, showed the following frequencies: AlAT1 = 0.55 and AlAT2 = 0.45. The difference between the two materials is statistically significant.


In recent years wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained significant attention because of their implementation in many different fields. As the nodes in WSNs are typically battery-powered, their lifetime is mainly limited by the sensor nodes power consumption. A typical energy-saving solution consists in implementing wake-up receivers (WuRxs), which are responsible for the sensor node activation only when required. In this work an ultra-low power multivibrator-based WuRx concept is proposed. The WuRx is composed of several input-triggered multivibrators, which generate pulses of fixed duration. These pulses are compared to the input signal through logic gates, which are predefined according to the wake-up call. The sensor node is activated if the codes match. An implementation in TSMC- 180nm CMOS process is proposed and simulated. The WuRx consumes 0.8μW when detecting a 6ms wake-up call signal, and 58. 4pW when in idle mode.


By use of anion-exchange and Sephadex chromatography, five complexes of cobalt(III) with glycyl-L-histidine have been isolated from the reaction of cobalt(II) and oxygen with the ligand. Three of the complexes are mononuclear and two are binuclear. The manner in which the ligand binds to cobalt(III) has been elucidated by use of titration curves and 1H n.m.r. spectra. The possible geometrical isomers are considered and structural suggestions are made.


We present a regularization of a nonlinear integral eqnation of gravimetry of the form Ασ = / where / is a given function. Uniqueness has been proved elsewhere, but the problem is illposed. We approximate it by stable finite-dimensional equations. We prove the convergence of the approximate solutions when the data / is exact. In the case of noise we show that an approximate solution can be chosen arbitrarily close to the solution of the original problem, if the right-hand side / is sufficiently close to the exact data.


This is the first of six reports on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions held in Chicago in June. It deals with topics related to cardiac disease, including lipid treatment, prevention, the impact of the control of diabetes, autonomic neuropathy, preclinical disorders, the relationship of cardiac disease to albuminuria and homocysteine levels, and the importance of blood pressure treatment. Attempts to understand the mechanisms by which cardiovascular disease (CVD) develops are also discussed. Among the reports that emphasized the importance of CVD in diabetes was that of Gu et al. (abstract 41; abstract numbers refer to the Abstracts of the 58th Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions of the ADA, Diabetes 47 [Suppl. 1]:1-A496), who studied the changes in overall and cardiac mortality among diabetic and nondiabetic adults in the U.S. from 1971-1993. These investigators examined data from the 1971-1975 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I and four follow-up surveys. Among men, CVD mortality decreased 15% in those with and 51% in those without diabetes, while among women, CVD mortality decreased 3% in those with and 37% in those without diabetes. Thus the multiple factors that have decreased CVD mortality in the U.S. have been less effective in people with diabetes (Table 1). Adler et al. (abstract 278) reported on life expectancy and mortality among 5,102 patients with type 2 diabetes followed in the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study. Of the 765 deaths among the subjects studied, myocardial infarction (MI) accounted for 44%, sudden death for 5%, and stroke for 8%. The median survival time for the 2,198 patients diagnosed at age 55-65 years was 17.1 years, with men aged 65 losing one year of life relative to the overall population of England and Wales in 1985-1987. Steven Haffner, San Antonio, TX, discussed the impact of diabetes on CVD. In the Framingham Study, CVD levels doubled in men and increased fourfold in women with diabetes. Studies show not only an increase in CVD but a lower survival after coronary events. In the FINMONICA study, examining out-of-hospital death as well as those in hospital, overall mortality rates were higher with diabetes. Similarly, in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study, carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT) in diabetic patients without MI is similar to that in nondiabetic patients with a history of MI after risk factor adjustment. Kao et al. (abstract 103) presented data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study Of 11,047 adults aged 45-64 without diabetes, 958 developed diabetes during 6 years of follow-up. An increase in carotid IMT preceded onset of type 2 diabetes, suggesting that obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension


The way in which one fractions mathematical problem can be applied to school children in several years of study. The exercise4 was of great use in helping teachers understand how much of the knowledge of fractions imparted by them was actually understood by the students.


For graduate and doctoral students in cohort programs, effective and efficient discovery and retrieval of library resources. Quick Checklist of Lit Review Essentials


We realize a dual-comb spectrometer covering 14 cm-1 centered at 1430 cm-1. It is based on mid-IR QCL frequency combs featuring a frequency-modulated like output. The measured individual tooth linewidth is 4 MHz.


This article explores the factors influencing high school students' career aspirations with a study analyzing 141 high school students. The Social Cognitive Career Development Model was utilized to examine the interactive relationships among learning experiences, career self-efficacy, outcome expectations, career interests, and career choices. The results of a structural equation modeling analysis supported the mediating role of career self-efficacy in the career decision-making process, but the specific paths among the predicting variables to career aspirations were found to be different for female and male high school students. Implications for school counselors to provide more effective career intervention programs are discussed.


The question of why some firms are more successful than others is as old as the discipline of organization and management theory. Despite the large amount of approaches, recent studies in this fiel...


the LTTE whilst rebuilding structures destroyed by Sinhala individuals or collectives. Despite coming tantalisingly close to this conversation (Gamini Kularatne Monument 2016: 182; Jaffna Public Library 2016: 266), Perera misses the opportunity to discuss the representation of structures destroyed by the LTTE such as the Kilinochchi water tank. Whilst not commemorating the death, the choice by the government to not rebuild the water tank memorialises the violence of its defeated adversary and reminds its audience (via a board erected in front of the collapsed structure) to 'Say no to destruction, never again!' Perera returns to the story of his childhood friend-turned-soldier in his concluding chapter, lending the narrative arch of this book a perspicacious and sensitive trajectory. The calm tone of the author's analysis throughout is at odds with the violence the memorials of which he writes commemorate; yet the quiet and understated nature of the discussion—which is both accessible and well-structured—puts the readers in situ, walking in front of these small tributes and grand structures alongside the author.


As a new industry, live streaming platform has some new problems and challenges in tax management. This paper takes the YY live streaming platform as the research object, studies the source of income of the live streaming platform and the related personal income tax issues. Then, we put forward the difficulties of tax management around this industry. Finally, we put forward relevant countermeasures for these difficulties.


We made the comparison study and characterize the spectral properties of differential operators induced by the Dirichlet problem for the hyperbolic system without the lowest terms of the form $$ \cfrac{\partial^2{u^1}}{\partial{t}^2}+\cfrac{\partial^2{u^2}}{\partial{x}^2} = \lambda{u^1}+f^1, \quad \cfrac{\partial^2{u^2}}{\partial{t}^2}+\cfrac{\partial^2{u^1}}{\partial{x}^2} = \lambda{u^2}+ f^2, $$ and for the hyperbolic system with the lowest terms of the form $$ \cfrac{\partial^2{u^1}}{\partial{t}^2}+\cfrac{\partial^2{u^2}}{\partial{x}^2}+\cfrac{\partial{u^2}}{\partial{x}} =\lambda{u^1}+f^1, \quad \cfrac{\partial^2{u^2}}{\partial{t}^2}+\cfrac{\partial^2{u^1}}{\partial{x}^2}+\cfrac{\partial{u^1}}{\partial{x}} = \lambda{u^2}+ f^2, $$, which are considered in the closure $V_{t,x}$ of the bounded domain $\Omega_{t,x}=(0;\pi)^2$ in Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^2_{t,x}.$ The spectral properties of the boundary value problems for the systems of linear differential equations of the hyperbolic type are investigated in the Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_{t,x}$ in the terms of spectral closed operators $L:\mathcal{H}_{t,x}\to\mathcal{H}_{t,x}$. We study the spectra of the closed differential operators $L:\mathcal{H}_{t,x}\to\mathcal{H}_{t,x},$ induced by the Dirichlet problem for the second order hyperbolic systems: $C\sigma{L}=R\sigma{L}$ empty set; point spectrum $P\sigma{L}$ is in the real straight line of the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$. The operator $L$ eigen vector functions generate the orthogonal basis for the hyperbolic system without the lowest terms. For the hyperbolic system with the lowest terms the operator $L$ eigen vector functions generate the Riesz basis, nonorthogonal in the Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_{t,x}.$ The theorems on the structure of the induced by the Dirichlet problem operator $L$ spectrum $\sigma L$ are formulated.


Increased deployment of deep learning services on remote cloud instances requires users to share their sensitive information with un-trusted parties. Correspondingly, we focus on private inference in these distributed learning setup via sharing of intermediate activations instead of raw inputs. Specifically, we design a dynamic pruning strategy to mitigate information leakage from activations and empirically validate effectiveness of the proposed technique. We analyze performance and discuss ethical considerations for deploying allied services for general availability.


In this paper, we propose a two-stage approach for feature selection in varying coefficient models with ultra-high-dimensional predictors. Specifically, we first employ partial correlation coefficient for screening, and then penalized rank regression is applied for dimension-reduced varying coefficient models to further select important predictors and estimate the coefficient functions. Simulation studies are carried out to examine the performance of proposed approach. We also illustrate it by a real data example.


Entanglement of formation is an important measure of quantum entanglement. We present an experimental way to measure the entanglement of formation for arbitrary dimensional pure states. The measurement only evolves local quantum mechanical observables.


Paediatric thyroid cancer is uncommon and classical papillary carcinoma is the most represented histological type. Variant high cell papillary carcinoma (VHCPC) is an extremely rare entity in the paediatric age group, aggressive and a marker of poor prognosis, as well as poor survival. The presence and percentage of a minority high cell contingent should be mentioned in the histopathological report. We report the case of a 9-year-old female patient with no previous history of cancer who presented with a 5 cm long left cervical nodule. Macroscopic examination showed the presence of several poorly bounded, fleshy, homogeneous beige coloured, non-encapsulated nodules. On microscopic examination, the tumour showed a papillary, focally solid architecture. The tumour cells were 2-3 times taller than they were wide, with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, sharp borders, and oval nuclei, with incisions and numerous intranuclear pseudo inclusions. The tumour protruded beyond the thyroid capsule and came into contact with the surgical borders, with the presence of vascular emboli. Our work aims to highlight the anatomopathological and diagnostic particularities of this sub-variant of papillary carcinoma.


Measuring the temperature of insulator in infrared image and diagnosing whether there is abnormal temperature rise are important for electric power inspection. Traditional object detection uses horizontal detection boxes. When they are applied to insulator temperature measurement, their rough positioning results in measurement deviation. Although some detectors with rotated box have been used to tackle this problem, their rotation angle prediction is still not precise enough, resulting in the positioning deviation of insulator core rod, which also leads to temperature measurement deviation. In this article, we propose a complete solution to address these problems. First, we design an adaptive balanced feature pyramid network (Adaptive BFPN) to fuse localization and semantic information more efficiently, which can improve the detection integrity of large-scale insulators. Second, we design a novel $\theta $ -intersection over union ( $\theta $ -IoU) loss to enhance the accuracy (Acc) of the detector in predicting rotation angle and insulator positioning. Third, we propose a method to locate and automatically correct the position of insulator core rod, measure the temperature, and diagnose defects. It enables faster temperature measurement and more automatic defect diagnosis. Finally, comparative experiments show that our method has a higher accuracy in diagnosing overheating defects than other advanced methods, reaching 97.07%. Our method provides a more intelligent and automated solution for inspecting insulator overheating defects.


This study presents a simulated ultrasound scanning device for use as an educational aid in ultrasound training for medical practitioners. This paper studies the development and functionality of an educational aid for ultrasound training which is safe, of low maintenance and easily accessible. This product was developed due to a demand from Imperial College London and the VUMC Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center). After conducting a literature review on ultrasound training, augmented reality was felt to be the ideal technique for the development of an educational tool. In this paper, we will discuss the development of this ultrasound simulation tool in the Netherlands. Furthermore, a study was conducted in which this ultrasound simulation tool was tested by a gynaecologist on 30 healthcare and medical practitioners in London. This was a mixed study design in which participants used the ultrasound simulation tool to quantitatively identify anatomical structures and qualitatively assess its functionality through a questionnaire. The results confirm the potential of the use of augmented reality as an educational aid, with respect to similar imaging properties, probe affordance and the ability to comparably visualize anatomical structures as a real ultrasound device. In future work, we recommend that the prototype is improved by incorporating additional degrees of freedom and by improving the design of the simulated probe.


During the first decades of the seventeenth century, the young Dutch Republic experienced a unprecedented economic boom. One trading company after another was established, while the usage of old familiar trade routes to the Baltic and the Mediterranean was intensified. Due to a number of demographic and economic incentives, Dutch started whaling expeiditions in 1612. The depolyment of Spanish and French Basque mariners turned out to be decisive for the success or failure of this whaling business. This article describes the deployment of Basques by the Dutch.


The CancerGrid consortium is developing open- standards cancer informatics to address the challenges posed by modern cancer clinical trials. This paper presents the service-oriented software paradigm implemented in CancerGrid to derive clinical trial information management systems for collaborative cancer research across multiple institutions. Our proposal is founded on a combination of a clinical trial (meta)model and WSRF (Web Services Resource Framework), and is currently being evaluated for use in early phase trials. Although primarily targeted at cancer research, our approach is readily applicable to other areas for which a similar information model is available.


Smart heteromicrostructures of a new kind, composed of SiO2 microspheres and ZnO branches, have been prepared hierarchically for the first time. Such heteromicrostructures have been characterized by means of x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Suggesting a possible formation process has been tackled. This type of smart branched heteromaterial is expected to have applications in fields of nanomedicine such as clearing clogged arteries, breaking aggregated amyloids and delivering drugs.


Twelve azole derivatives of emodin were designed to possess anti‐inflammatory activity and synthesized via a two‐step sequence composed of the Williamson ether reaction and N‐alkylation. The anti‐inflammatory properties of these compounds were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells by measuring lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production. The introduction of imidazole and four carbons into the scaffold of emodin led to the discovery of the potent compound 7e, which showed the best inhibition of NO production among twelve analogs. In our experiential setting, the IC50 of compound 7e in NO production is 1.35 µM, which is lower than that of indomethacin. Mechanically, compound 7e effectively inhibited the protein and messenger RNA expressions of cyclooxygenase‐2 and inducible NO synthase, as well as that of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6, and the cytokines interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α in the LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 7e exerted inhibitory effects on the nuclear factor κB pathway by reducing the LPS‐induced phosphorylation of the inhibitor of NF‐κB and the nuclear translation of p‐p65. These results suggest the potential of compound 7e in improving inflammatory conditions and diseases.


During the blasting engineering and construction of ground treatment,factors including human,material and environment are likely to induce incidents.In order to radically reduce the accidents and losses,from the point of view of entire system integration management,we set up a security risk assessment model which is incentive to detect and diagnose the security risk factors,so as to provide technical support to the government and enterprises to take corresponding measures for risk control.


Rationale
 Digitalisation has made significant headway in recent years, particularly following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Against this background, it is important to analyse how consumers' payment habits are changing at the physical point of sale, online and person-to-person.
 Takeaways
 •In 2022, cash is the most commonly used payment method in Spain at the physical point of sale and in person-to-person transactions, but has declined compared with 2019.
 •The decrease in the use of cash is primarily driven by two factors. First, the growth in online purchases, which limits the opportunity to pay in cash and, second, a shift in consumers' payment habits, with an increase in the use of digital payment methods in their purchases.


A SOI-LIGBT with Segmented Trenches in the Anode region (STA-LIGBT) is proposed and compared with the separated shorted-anode LIGBT (SSA-LIGBT) for the first time. The proposed STA-LIGBT structure features that there are segmented trenches located between the P+ anode and the segmented N+ anodes. By employing the segmented trenches, the resistance between the P+ anode and the shorted N+ anode is significantly increased, which effectively suppresses the negative differential resistance (NDR). The experiments show that the STA-LIGBT with its blocking voltage of 540V can achieve a current density (JC) of 247 A/cm2 when the gate voltage is 10V and the anode voltage is 3V. With the same the NDR regime (the snapback voltage is 1.3V), the current density (JC) of the STA-LIGBT is about 170% of that of the SSA-LIGBT. The fabrication of the segmented trenches is compatible with the trench isolation process and no extra or complicated processes are needed.


This article examines the system of non-linear differential equations describing the variation of the quantities of two competing forms existing in the common environment. The numerical analysis of the solutions of the pointed problem has been carried out.


Between 1991 and 2003, the Kansas Transportation Research and New-Developments (K-TRAN) program has funded over 200 research projects at a total program cost of $7.3 million. Since 1991, a total of 76 K-TRAN projects have been implemented. Estimates of monetary triennial benefits have been developed by the research project monitors for 25 of the implemented projects. The estimated benefit/cost ratio for the total K-TRAN program (i.e., including projects which have not been implemented) is 15.4. The benefit/cost ratio for projects that have been or are in the process of being implemented is 37.3. The K-TRAN program is clearly an economically viable program. The objectives of this research project were to: 1) identify and evaluate techniques for estimating the benefits of research projects, 2) test one or more of the techniques by preparing estimates of the benefits of selected completed K-TRAN research projects, and 3) develop and document easy to use guidelines that project monitors and principal investigators can use to develop estimates of the potential benefits of research projects. The guidelines presented in this report represent a hybrid approach to research project assessment that incorporates elements from traditional benefit-cost and multi-objective analysis techniques. The basic methodology requires the researcher to perform an initial subjective assessment of project benefits using a checklist of potential benefit categories. The researcher is then guided through a process whereby he/she is asked to attempt to quantify (i.e., assign a monetary value to) the benefits identified in the initial subjective assessment. The process provides the researcher with guidelines for developing reasonable (i.e., justifiable) estimates of potential project benefits. If the process leads to the development of a monetary estimate of benefits, then a traditional benefit-cost analysis of the project can be performed. If it is determined that the project benefits cannot be expressed in purely economic terms, then the results of the subjective multi-objective assessment are assumed to represent the best assessment possible at that point in time. The guidelines for the multi-objective assessment technique include recommendations for rating project impacts and for identifying "successful" projects based on a project's overall rating. Application of the recommended guidelines in estimating the potential monetary benefits of research projects is illustrated through an extensive set of examples using information from 14 completed K-TRAN research projects for the period 1991-2000. Current Kansas Department of Transportation policy requires that all K-TRAN proposals and project reports include an Implementation Plan. This study recommends that this policy be expanded to require a project Benefit Assessment Plan as well.


The breadth of issues raised by the ongoing global financial crisis (GFC) has made accounting education potentially very exciting of late, particularly in the fields of financial reporting and auditing. Students can find it difficult to engage with the conceptual principles that underpin accounting regulation and it can be challenging for the educator to find interesting ways of, for example, teaching the method(s) of accounting for an acquisition. Both principles and rules suffer the risk of being very dry classroom material. Pedagogically, teaching a subject or topic by applying it in a context—such as a case study— leads not just to deeper learning, but also to longer term retention of knowledge. On this basis, the GFC seems to offer a 'win–win' opportunity for all parties in accounting education. Unfortunately, however, it also poses significant challenges. One major challenge which is highlighted by Bloom and Webinger (2011) is the danger posed by the 'tunnel vision' approach to both teaching and research which permeates current academic thinking. The aim of this Commentary is to offer support for the proposed ideas on incorporating lessons from the GFC into intermediate accounting courses, whether such courses are taught in the USA or elsewhere. More specifically, it is argued that lessons from the GFC can be incorporated into teaching by building a course around a framework which reflects the financial reporting supply chain. In the aftermath of the GFC, it is very clear that financial reporting is characterized by high levels of complexity. As Bloom and Webinger (2011) very clearly illustrate, this complexity creates challenges for parties across all the stages of the financial reporting supply chain—including regulators, preparers, auditors and users. A report from the UK's Financial Reporting Council (FRC, 2009, p. 1) noted that 'reports no longer reflect the reality of the underlying businesses, with key messages lost in the clutter of lengthy disclosures and regulatory jargon.' The financial reporting supply chain requires decisions to be made on the breadth and detail of regulations; preparers need to determine how to apply the regulations; auditors check and validate the reporting process and resulting reports against the regulatory Accounting Education: an international journal Vol. 20, No. 5, 525–528, October 2011


Longevity evaluations from 11 countries were examined, and correlations with other traits on each country s scale were obtained. Correlations of longevity with somatic cell score and conformation traits were fairly uniform across countries. Correlations with yield traits varied for countries that reported functional longevity and for those that reported true longevity. Some correlations of yield with functional longevity were higher than correlations of yield with true longevity. Improved definitions of effective daughter contribution and heritability were suggested for different types of statistical analysis currently in use. Estimates of genetic correlations and standard deviations may be sensitive to incorrect values because fewer bulls have evaluations with high reliability. A goal is that national and international reliability reflect true reliability for all evaluations.


Fine-grained recognition is challenging due to its subtle local inter-class differences versus large intra-class variations. Finding those subtle traits that fully characterize the object is not straightforward. In this paper, we present a novel random part localization model, which first extracts the foreground object using the saliency map, and then localizes the discriminative parts through a set of potential regions in a random way based on their contribution to classification. We train three convolutional neural networks to capture the features that belong to different levels and average their classification results as our final prediction score. Experiments show that our approach achieves competitive performance compared with state-of-the-art methods on three publicly available fine-grained recognition datasets (CUB200-2011, Stanford Cars and FGVC-Aircraft).


Active participants explored a desktop three-dimensional computer-simulated environment, whereas observer participants passively watched the screen. The ostensible task for all participants was to remember as many objects as possible that were encountered during the course of exploration. In a test, all participants were asked to indicate the direction of test locations from a position where these were not directly visible. Contrary to the hypothesis of superior orientation performance in the active group, the error scores for the two groups were found to be statistically equivalent. There were no significant differences between the scores of the active and passive groups on three tests of memory for objects. The results suggest that the failure to find a beneficial effect on orientation of active exploration in a virtual environment is not due to high levels of attention to the spatial aspect of the task in the passive condition.


The purpose of this report is to assess the business operations of the General Motors Southeast Europe (GMSE) Representative Office in Bulgaria by putting them into the framework of contemporary economic circumstances (2008-2009) and consequently-provide strategic recommendations. Essentially, given some facts such as the stable growth the branch witnesses and its current leading position on the Bulgarian new cars market, present a sound reason for the company to consolidate its operations in order to strengthen its competitive advantage. The first chapter begins with the problem background and its projections on the Bulgarian new automobile market. It exposes the various impacts that worlds' economic and financial crisis has brought and the consequences they have on the new cars market in Bulgaria in general and GM Bulgaria in particular. Then, it presents a synthesized report structure and finally, the chapter ends with research problem statement. The following chapter explicates the research methodology with the models and approaches that will be implemented in each section of the report. In the next chapter, the report explores the company and its internal environment in order to elucidate the company specific elements that have contributed to its current leading position. Subsequently, the chapter continues with the current strategy and objectives in the context of economic stagnation Bulgaria faces at present. Finally, it ends with presentation of the various brands GM offers on the Bulgarian market and short description of their images.Henceforth, the following stage reveals the external environment of the company. By exemplifying the major trends on the Bulgarian new cars market, one of this report's primary goals will be to establish a thorough understanding of the specifics of the business and the challenges it encounters in the face of the crisis that has struck the company. By this implication, this paper further continues with evaluation of the market tendencies, competition, economic issues and analysis of the primary research, which all contribute to the creation of a clear image of the market and the company's position on it. It is supported by the SWOT analysis, developed to give an alternative view of the external environment, so that the process of adaptation to the changing economic status can be viewed as the ultimate outcome of the sales and marketing processes within GM Bulgaria. The next chapter reveals the outcomes of the SWOT/TOWS analyses to construct the strategic options, which will satisfy the objectives of the whole entity. To select the most appropriate ones, an appraisal method is designed and presented. It outlines the major advantages of each recommendation and based on the evaluation system – selects the three most prospective ones.Eventually, the report summarizes all the relevant strategic implications into recommendations section, which subsequently serves as ground for drawing conclusions and providing implementation plan. The provided recommendations and implementation plan are meant to serve as guideline for further improvements in the sales and marketing environment in the future of GM Bulgaria. At the end, a cost/benefit analysis elucidates the advantages of the strategic implementation plan that provides meaningful contribution internal company wise.


S INCE the 1960s, thermally induced vibrations of spacecraft booms have been studied by many researchers [1]. Later, Thornton and Kim [2] provided an investigation on bending vibrations of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) boom, in which the uncoupled and coupled thermal-structural analyses were presented. In addition, thermally induced attitude dynamics of a simple spacecraft as a two-dimensional structure consisting of a rigid hub and a flexible boom with tip mass was also investigated by Johnston and Thornton [3]. Recently, based on the finite element method, Xue et al. [4] examined the bending-torsion coupling vibrations of opensection booms on the HST. The aforementioned works focus on the study of a cantilevered and nonrotating boom subjected to sudden thermal loading. However, many spacecraft are spin stabilized and with large and flexible booms; therefore, study of the thermally induced dynamic motions of a spinning boom has a practical importance. An analytical study of thermally induced vibrations of a spinning boom on the Ulysses spacecraft was presented by Gulick and Thornton [5], and Ko and Kim [6] analyzed the spinning composite thin-walled beam based on the finite element method. In their studies, the boom is not connected to the spacecraft platform, therefore, thermally induced attitude dynamics of a spinning spacecraft cannot be examined. This Note focuses on the investigation of the thermally induced attitude dynamics of a spinning spacecraft using the coupled thermalstructural analysis. A thermal analysis model of the flexible boom is first represented as a thin-walled tube, and its thermal governing equations are solved by means of the weighted residual method. For the structural analysis, the spacecraft is idealized as a rigid–flexible multibody system of a rigid hub and a cantilevered flexible boom. The natural coordinates [7] and the absolute nodal coordinate formulation [8] are employed to describe the motions of the rigid hub and flexible boom, respectively. The position vector of the boom is given by a second-order model, which can consider distortion and warping effects of beam cross section, and the elastic forces are formulated by the three-dimensional continuum mechanics approach, in which the coupling effect of tension, flexure, and torsion of a beam is included. In addition, due to the nonlinear stiffnessmatrix, some invariantmatrices that are calculated only once in advance are also derived for saving computation time. Numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the dynamic responses for the Ulysses spacecraft.


Allopseudaxine macrova (Unnithan, 1957), Churavera triangula (Mamaev, 1967), Hexostoma auxisi Palombi, 1943 and H. keokeo Yamaguti, 1968 are studied based on light and scanning electron microscopy. The previously proposed synonymy of H. auxisi and H. keokeo is not accepted. Morphological changes between juvenile and adult hexostomatids are highlighted.


The ecological environment is deteriorating in the arid areas of northwest China.However,the speed and degree of ecological environment deterioration in Heihe River Basin are particularly obvious. The paper analyzes the present status and main characteristics of ecological environment deterioration in Heihe River Basin,that is,the desertification of land is aggravating,the oasis is shrinking,the rivers and lakes are drying up;the underground water table becomes lowered,the water quality becomes worsened,etc.It is suggested that water condition is the major driving factor of causing ecosystem change in Heihe River Basin,and simultaneously,the climate changes aggravate the process and severity of ecological environment deterioration to some extent.Therefore,in order to protect the fragile eco-environment in Heihe River Basin,more attentions should be paid to the research of water problems.The most important aspect is to bring forth new ideas of solving water problems and implement virtual water strategy besides adjusting the planting structure,vigorously developing water-saving agriculture,enhancing the management of water resources,popularizing water-saving awareness and so on.


In 1976–1985 period, some changes have been found during long‐term monitoring of physical, chemical and biological parameters in front of the largest harbours of the eastern Adriatic coast. For that reason, the control has been continued in 1985–1988 period. This paper presents some recent results about copepods‐dominant mesozooplankton group—as they respond very quickly (both by composition and biomass) to the changes of the environment they inhabit. Besides the increased copepod density, further increasing of maximal values of Acartia clausi was found at the whole investigated area in 1987 and 1988, caused by progressive eutrophication of the eastern Adriatic coastal waters.


Ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts bearing an N-phenyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand that are resistant to decomposition through C-H activation have been prepared and tested in ring closing metathesis (RCM), cross metathesis (CM), and ROMP reactions. The N, N'-diphenyl-substituted NHC complex proved to be one of the most efficient catalysts in RCM to form tetrasubstituted olefins.


Forty-six maize genotypes were evaluated for resistance to stalk borer Sesamia inferens Walker under artificial condition during rabi season 1998-99. The data was recorded on leaf injury due to stalk borer on 1-9 scale. The maize genotypes, viz., 221267-A, BIO 9691, 137868, JKMH-4095, 221267-D (Full season maturity) PAC-9703, BIO0-9637, PAC-9735, KH-5354 (Medium maturity), MMH-1765 and R-15 (Early maturity) were found to be tolerant to stalk borer S. inferens. Their utilization in breeding programme will immensely help to develop maize varieties resistant to stalk borer.


Field experiments on maize-wheat system were carried out in rainfed upland (bari) at Agricultural Research Station, Lumle for three years (1994/95-1996/97) to determine the effect of different quality organic materials on maize and wheat yields and soil properties. Wheat grain yield significantly differed over years and the highest mean grain yield (1.98 t ha -1 ) was recorded in the treatment of mixture of low and high quality organic materials (maize + leaf litter, farmyard manure). Maize and wheat grain as well as straw yield significantly differed over years. In all the three years, the mixture of low and high quality organic materials produced the highest grain yield of maize plus wheat ranging from 6.72 to 2.20 t ha -1 with mean yield of 4.43 t ha -1 . Mean N uptake by wheat grain and straw ranged from 32.2 to 40.4 kg ha -1 and 13.8 to 16.0 kg ha -1 , respectively in different treatments. Similarly, mean P uptake by wheat grain was the highest (25.4 kg ha -1 ) in the mixture treatment while mean P uptake by wheat straw was the highest (26.5 kg ha -1 ) in low quality organic materials. Mean soil pH after wheat harvest was the lowest (5.1) in the low quality organic material. Organic carbon and available P ranged from 3.4 to 3.7% and from 329 to 370 ppm, respectively in different treatments while total N and exchangeable K increased to 0.31% and 0.2 me/100g, respectively with the application of low quality organic material. The three years result showed that semi-decomposed organic materials were more efficient in improving and stabilizing production of wheat and maize yields in maize-wheat system as well as in maintaining N fertility than high quality organic materials. Key words: Maize-wheat system; Organic materials; Soil fertility; Sustainability DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v4i0.4861 Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol. 4&5, 2001/2002 Page: 31-36 Uploaded date : 8 June, 2011


The transient responses of a fixed-bed reactor to step increases and decreases in CO, O2, and/or CO2 feed concentrations were measured and interpreted. It is shown that dynamic methods yield vastly more phenomenological and mechanistic information than steady state measurements, with significantly less experimental effort.


Background and Purpose Perampanel is approved for the adjunctive treatment of focal-onset seizures (FOS) with or without secondary generalized seizures. The FAME (Fycompa® as first Add-on to Monotherapy in patients with Epilepsy; NCT02726074) study evaluated the efficacy and safety of perampanel added to monotherapy in patients with FOS with or without secondary generalized seizures (SGS). Post hoc analyses of the FAME study assessed potential predictors of response and an in-depth evaluation of the safety and efficacy of perampanel. Methods Efficacy was assessed by reduction of total seizure frequency by ≥50%, ≥75% or 100%, and safety by incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and TEAEs leading to discontinuation. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for treatment response were performed. Results Most patients (82/85) received perampanel doses of 4–8 mg/day during maintenance therapy and the highest efficacy rates were achieved with 4 mg/day, irrespective of efficacy outcome. Doses of 4 or 6 mg/day in patients with FOS with SGS (n=16) produced comparable efficacy outcomes. In multivariate analysis, total perampanel dose was predictive of 50% and 75% response rates; longer total perampanel administration period with 50% response; and concomitant non-anti-seizure medication with a 100% response. Patients developed a TEAE more frequently during the 12-week titration period (60.2%) than the 24-week maintenance period (28.4%), including dizziness (45.5% vs. 9.1%), somnolence (10.2% vs. 0%), and headache (4.5% vs. 3.4%). Conclusions Post hoc analyses show that even low doses of perampanel may be effective and TEAEs are usually self-limited or well-tolerated.


Influence maximisation is the problem of selecting a specific number of nodes which can maximise the influence spread of social networks. For its significant practical applications, the influence maximisation problem has been widely used in many fields, such as network marketing and rumour control. However, most existing algorithms tend to select accuracy or efficiency to optimise, which leads to their poor performance. Therefore, a Three-step Fast Selection algorithm for Influence Maximisation (TsFSIM) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a new method to evaluate nodes' influence spread is proposed, called Influence Estimation Value. Influence Estimation Value (IEV) combines the node's and its neighbours' degree to estimate its influence. This can improve the efficiency of our algorithm. Afterwards, based on IEV, a three-stage filtering strategy is proposed. This strategy can improve the accuracy of our algorithm greatly. Finally, experimental results on seven real-world networks show that the proposed method is more accurate than other methods while keeping competitive efficiency.


This review is a critique of a masterpiece "Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of Mass Media" written by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky. The paper entirely attempts to critique the paradigm of Propaganda Model (PM) applied as a framework to criticize the performance and structural behavior of U.S mainstream media system. The review relies entirely on the book. Greater emphasis is given to the framework of the book-Propaganda Model. Herman and Chomsky adapted it into Manufacturing Consent, as it suggests that 'consent' or shared understanding is cooked (manufactured) by elites "specialized classes" as the authors name them. The big media are controlled by few profit-seeking owners; therefore, they do not encourage free flow of news and analysis that are solely against the other end of their interest. Due to this reason, 'realities' are preferred to be fabricated and disseminated to the mass. For such solid justification, the authors developed the propaganda model to evaluate the performance of media in U.S. in exploring the main print and broadcast platforms, they used the model as a framework; and the writers of this review article sought the model from that perspective and exerted effort to critique arguments.


Abstract Binary magnesium alloys containing chromium, manganese, or titanium were made using a physical vapour deposition technique. The corrosion resistance of the alloys was assessed in aqueous chloride solutions using total immersion tests in quiescent 600 mmol L−1 NaCI solutions. Alloying with manganese or titanium was found to lower the corrosion rate of magnesium over most of the compositional ranges of interest, whereas addition of chromium had a detrimental effect on the corrosion resistance of magnesium. The lowest corrosion rate was recorded for a Mg–Ti alloy where the value obtained was about 80 times lower than that found for vapour deposited pure magnesium. Open circuit corrosion potential measurements conducted in 600 mmol L−1 NaCl solution showed that additions of chromium, titanium, and manganese also produced deposits which were significantly more noble than pure magnesium, suggesting that these alloys would be less susceptible to galvanic corrosion.MST/3064


The latest Clinical Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis developed by the NOF and endorsed by 11 relevant academic societies,contents six chapters:(1) Osteoporosis: Impact and Overview;(2) Basic Pathophysiology;(3) Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis;(4) Universal Recommendations for All Patients;(5) Pharmacologic Therapy;(6) Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.Finally it shows a number of remaining questions.


Cryptography is the science and art of encrypting and decrypting text data where Steganography is the science and art of hiding information. Steganography deals with composing hidden message so that only the sender and receiver know that the message even exists. A novel approach i.e. CryptSteg is introduced where sender embedding text message in the picture and send it to the receiver. In this approach the algorithm of cryptography and Steganography is combined. Firstly the text message is encrypted and this encrypted message is then embedded in an image using a new Steganography algorithm. The image are partitioned in the ten level block, and the text data will be embedded into ten diagonal or linear sub block values which is depend upon key. The quality of produced image is better using the median filter while using this algorithm.


The atomic and electronic structures of pyramidal model STM tips of transition metals (W, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt) were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) method. The calculated density of states show that d electrons of the apex atoms in the M 4 (M = W, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt) model tips behave differently near the Fermi level, with the dz 2 state being dominant only for W tip. The electronic structures of pyramid structures of W and Pd single-atom tips with larger sizes are studied and compared. The density of states of Pd apex atom and W apex atom show different occupation of d-bands leading to asymmetric density of states for Pd tip. The asymmetric tunneling currents measured by W and Pt-Ir STM tips are explained by the calculated electronic structures of W and Pd model tips.


This paper aims to investigate the mechanism of Noun Incorporation in the Tenetehara language and its relationship with the aspectual classes proposed by Vendler (1967). In that language, the Noun Incorporation mechanism occurs through two different morphosyntactic contexts: (i) total incorporation of the object into vo and (ii) incorporation of the genitive phrase head into the vo. In total incorporation, when the direct object is incorporated into the verbal predicate, a predicate that behaves like an intransitive verb is generated. However, in possessor stranding constructions, only part of the genitive phrase, namely its heads, can be incorporated into the head of the vP. The result of this process does not change the initial transitive structure. Thus, in possessor stranding constructions there is no decrease in valence, despite the Noun Incorporation. Furthermore, in relation to the semantic plane of this constructions, what I have observed is that speakers of that language tend to point out two distinct interpretations, one for the version without Incorporation and another interpretation for the version with Noun Incorporation. Thus, in this article, I intend to answer which constant organization can be inferred from the presented interpretation paradigm. The hypothesis regarding the differences in interpretation between these specific data has to do with the notion of verbal aspect and the definitions of accomplishment and achievement outlined by Vendler (1967). In this sense, my hypothesis is that constructions without Noun Incorporation can conform to the semantic class of verbal predicates of accomplishment, whereas versions with Nominal Incorporation in possessor stranding contexts obligatorily include achievement predicates.


The distribution of the maximum of a zero truncated Poisson number of i.i.d. exponentially distributed random variables is known as a Poisson-Exponential distribution. This distribution arises for example as a model for monotone hazard rates and has its application in reliability studies. In this paper we first develop Stein's method for Poisson-Exponential distributions. We then provide upper bounds on the approximation errors in total variation distance when approximating Poisson-Exponential distributions and a Generalized Poisson-Exponential distribution by different Poisson-Exponential distributions. Moreover, employing standardized Stein equations we obtain upper bounds on the bounded Wasserstein distance when using a Poisson-Exponential distribution to approximate the distribution of maxima of a zero truncated Poisson number of i.i.d. geometric random variables. The results are applied to assess the bounded Wasserstein distance between a distribution of the maximum waiting time of the occurrence of Bernoulli sequence patterns and a Poisson-Exponential distribution. We illustrate the results numerically by approximating a Generalized Poisson-Exponential distribution with Poisson-Exponential distributions on two real data sets.


The outbreak of COVID-19 raises attention from the researchers from various communities. While many scientific articles have been published, a system that can provide reliable information to COVID-19 related questions from the latest academic resources is crucial, especially for the medical community in the current time-critical race to treat patients and to find a cure for the virus. To address the requests, we propose our CAiRE-COVID, a neural-based system that uses open-domain question answering (QA) techniques combined with summarization techniques for mining the available scientific literature. It leverages the Information Retrieval (IR) system and QA models to extract relevant snippets from existing literature given a query. Fluent summaries are also provided to help understand the content in a more efficient way. Our system has been awarded as winner for one of the tasks in CORD-19 Kaggle Challenge. We also launched our CAiRE-COVID website for broader use. The code for our system is also open-sourced to bootstrap further study.


The manuscript reports on measurements of the Hall effect performed on Cux(As38.5Se54I7.5)100−x amorphous thin films deposited onto glass substrates. Obtained results showed that conductivity of investigated samples is in the range from 10−12 Ω−1cm−1 to 10−10 Ω−1cm−1. Results also pointed to the switching of p-type conductivity for samples with 0 at% and 5 at% of copper to n-type conductivity detected for sample with 25 at% of copper. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2012.535]


The aim of this paper is to gather all the data concerning the Jewish life in the city of Cartagena, specially the scattered information about its small Jewish community in the Late Middle Ages: from the Christian conquest (13th century) to the Expulsion.


We report continuous-wave (CW) operation of an InAs/InGaAsP quantum-dot (QD) heterostructure laser diode (LD) with an output power of 1.1 W at room temperature. This is the first observation on the laser output over 1 W from InAs QD-LDs fabricated on InP substrates. Also, the high-power lasing emission was successfully achieved at up to 60 °C. The improvement in the lasing characteristics can be attributed to enhancement in modal gain of QD-LDs because of the increase in spatial carrier confinement around localized QD states by using a dot-in-a-well structure and a thin GaAs strain-modulating layer.


Treatment-resistant primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a rare glomerulopathy associated with nephrotic range proteinuria (>3.5 g/24 h). Treatment goals are reduction in proteinuria, which can delay progression to end-stage renal disease. Lack of quality repeated measures data for proteinuria in nephrotic patients is an important methodological limitation in current clinical trials research.

 We examined the 24-h urine collections (traditionally considered to be the gold standard for proteinuria assessment) compared with average of two consecutive first morning spot urine protein/creatinine (Up/c) ratio results for the patients in the placebo arm (n = 10)of this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study (3:3:2 allocation for 1 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, and placebo treatment groups). Patients received randomized treatment for 112 days and were followed double-blind to 252 days. First morning Up/c was obtained from first morning spot urine collections for all visits; 24-h timed collections were performed for Day 1 and Day 112 visits. For first morning Up/c, the average of two collections at each study time point was used for analysis.

 Median age was 42 years, 40% female, 20% black, median eGFR 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with median Up/c 6.4 g/g (NCT01665391). Correlation coefficient between 24-h timed collection and averaged spot Up/c was r = 0.63 (P = .004). For 24-h timed urines, between subject SD = 2.015 g/24 h and within subject SD = 7.328 g/24 h. For averaged first morning spot Up/c, between subject SD = 2.5 g/g and within subject SD = 2.3 g/g.

 In clinical trials subjects with nephrotic syndrome from biopsy-proven FSGS on stable doses of ACEi/ARB medications, 24-h timed collections do not provide additional useful data beyond average of two first morning spot Up/c. These data suggest that labour intensive, cumbersome timed 24-h urine collections should not be performed in clinical trials of nephrotic syndrome patients. Importantly, these data should allow for more precise power and sample size estimates for future interventional clinical trials of nephrotic syndrome.


448International organization — Officials — Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization — Categories of officials who may bring complaints to Tribunal — Time-limits for bringing complaints — Conversion of fixed-term contract into permanent contract — Abuse of discretionary power — Pressure exerted by member State.


We correlated the tumor proportion score (TPS) of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1, SP263 or 22C3) expression with the disease control rate (DCR, partial remission and stable disease), and progression free survival (PFS) after nivolumab or pembrolizumab treatment.


In this paper, we build on multiple agency and principal-principal theories to analyze the relationship between the presence of multiple blockholders (MB) in a bank's ownership structure and performance. We study the banking industry in a major emerging country – Indonesia – to investigate whether the presence and shares dispersion across blockholders with different identities (i.e. central and regional government; families; foreign bank and financial institutions) affect a bank's performance, in terms of profitability and efficiency. We use data from 120 Indonesian banks over the period 2000-2009 to test our hypotheses. We find that the number of blockholders has a negative effect on banks' performance, while blockholders' concentration has a positive effect. Moreover, we find that the dispersion of ownership across different types of blockholders has a negative effect on banks' performance. We interpret such results as evidence that, when heterogeneous blockholders are present, the conflicts of interest...


Image enhancement is very important for increasing the sensitivity of screening luggage performance at airports. On the basis of 11 statistical measures of image viewability we propose a novel approach to optimizing the choice of image enhancement tools. We propose a neural network predictor that can be used for predicting, on a given test image, the best image enhancement algorithm for it. The network is trained using a number of image examples. The input to the neural network is a set of viewability measures and its output is the choice of enhancement algorithm for that image. On a number of test images we show that such a predictive system is highly capable in forecasting the correct choice of enhancement algorithms (as judged by human experts). We compare our predictive system against a baseline approach that uses a fixed enhancement algorithm for all batch test images, and find the proposed model to be substantially superior


Collaborative robots offer new possibilities to use robots in workspaces shared with humans. These robots can interact with their environment and assist human beings in their task in a safer way compared to standard industrial robots. These robots are required to be fast, precise, and efficient during the accomplishment of their tasks. However, their strength can make them dangerous tools around people. Therefore, to ensure safety there are often used in a sub-optimal way.
The aim of this work is to ensure the safety of a human interacting with a robot performing a set of tasks. It is more specifically focused on the case of undesired contact with the robot. An undesired contact can either come from of an impact between the robot and an obstacle or from the robot pushing the obstacle against a fixed object. This work shows that in both cases the dangerousness of the robot can be linked to the robot variation of kinetic energy. These robots are also submitted to a set of constraints coming either from their intrinsic design or from the environment. When a human enters in the robot workspace, the robot environment become partially unknown. The robot should be able to adapt to its environment and reactively compute a safe control solution satisfying its constraints while performing its tasks in an optimal way.
To that aim, this work formulates the control problem as a constrained optimization one and solves it using Linear Quadratic Programming. The robot variation of kinetic energy is constrained within the quadratic programming problem. This constraint prevents the robot from reaching a dangerous amount of kinetic energy. It also indirectly prevents the robot from exerting too much forces when in contact with an obstacle. This work also shows that it is possible to use the robot redundancy to minimize its perceived mass in the direction of an obstacle. This indirectly reduces its kinetic energy for a given task.
The proposed controller is implemented on a 7 dof serial robotic manipulator. This work, realised in collaboration with General Electric Healthcare, features several experiments with this controller in the context of medical imaging. Using external sensors it is shown that it is possible to realise tasks in an optimal way while limiting the robot dangerousness in case of an undesired contact.


The papers in the "Hydrothermal Vent" research topic cover a range of microbiological research in deep and shallow hydrothermal environments, from high temperature "black smokers," to diffuse flow habitats and episodically discharging subsurface fluids, to the hydrothermal plumes. Together they provide a snapshot of current research interests in a field that has evolved rapidly since the discovery of hydrothermal vents in 1977.


The amplitudes of wave fields inside a macroscopically deformed crystal with defects are obtained in the two-beam approximation. The amplitudes of coherent (strong Bragg and "quasidiffuse") and diffuse waves emerging from the crystal are determined by taking account of boundary conditions for both Bragg and Laue cases of diffraction. The general expressions for coherent and diffuse components of the differential reflection power of bent crystals with microdefects are obtained.

[Russian Text Ignored].


Image morphing, which is a 2D imaging technique, allows smooth transition between images. However, a limitation of existing image morphing techniques is the lack of user interaction. Another limitation is that shape warping often causes distortion due to barycentric mapping. In this paper, we present a novel 3D morphological technique to address these problems. A new concept of relief occlusion-adaptive meshes is introduced, allowing a user to change the viewpoint of the output images in the morphing process. By making use of the intrinsic geometric relationship among the reference images for projective transformation, the distortion due to barycentric mapping is prevented. Unlike other warping-based view transferring techniques, our morphological technique provides very smooth transition between reference images and supports both rigid and non-rigid scenes.


Objective To investigate the correlationship between the nitric oxide(NO) and interstitial cell of Cajal(ICC) and achalasia (AC) and the pathogenesis of AC. Methods A total of 16 patients with AC who visited endoscopy center of the Zhongshan Hospital from August 2011 to December 2011were enrolled as the experimental group. The specimens of experimental group were obtained by biopsy of lower esophageal sphincter during peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM) procedure. The 15 lower esophageal sphincter(LES) surgical specimens of non-esophageal motility disorders were enrolled as the control group. All specimens were made into paraffin sections and were examined by immunohistochemical staining method. The distribution of ICC and expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) under light microscope were observed. ICC was calculated and the staining intensity of NOS was semi-quantitatively evaluated in selected fields of vision at random. Results Under light microscope, ICC distributed and NOS was expressed in the LES. ICC was fusiform with two elongated apophysis. ICC was linked by apophysis and parallelly distributed with smooth muscle cells. The density of ICC in the experimental group was reduced and apophysis was less obvious com-pared with that in control group with significant differences ( 5.8 ± 5.6 VS 11.2 ± 7.4, P = 0. 01 ). Likewise, NOS positive nerve fibers was visible in LES. NOS positive nerve fibers were absent and the strength of staining was weaker in AC group compared with that in control group with significant differences (P = 0. 13 ). Conclusion Abnormal distribution of ICC and NOS in LES may be correlated with AC.

Key words:
Esophageal achalasia;  Interstitial cell of Cajal;  Nitric oxide synthase


Objective To investigate the treatment strategies for malocclusions with congenital missing lower incisors Methods 22 patients who had malocclusions with congenital missing lower incisors were selected.The position and number of congenital missing lower incisors,classification of malocclusions and treatment strategies were studied.Results In 10 patients with one congenital missing lower incisor,5 had tooth extraction,3 had interproximal enamel stripping and 2 had combined orthodontic and prosthetic treatment.In 12 patients with two congenital missing lower incisors,8 had tooth extraction and 4 had combined orthodontic and prosthetic treatment.After treatment,all patients acquired normal occlusion and the Bolton index was coordinated in the upper and lower dentitions.Conclusion In malocclusions with congenital missing lower incisors,different treatment strategies should be made according to patient's age,facial type,protrusion of incisors,midline,absent incisor position and number,and manifestation of malocclusions,in order to acquire good occlusion and esthetics.


The importance degree method has applied broadly in highway web programming,because of its scientificity and strong characteristic of practical effectiveness. Combined and based on considering the character of expressway web layout,compared and selected OD flow programming method and layout optimizing programming method,also discussed the application of the importance degree method in expressway web programming. All these task has important meaning.


Recently, many of the world's major river deltas have been sinking, making them increasingly vulnerable to floods and storm surges, salinization and permanent inundation. For the Yellow River delta...


The difference between properties of onecomponent fluorocarbon coatings obtained from two crosslinking systems of blocked isocyanate and amino resin was studied with FEVE (fluoroethylene vinyl ether) resin as film forming substance. The results indicated that the properties of the coating with blocked isocyanate as crosslinking agent are better than that of the coating with completely methylated amino resin as crosslinking agent. For the coating material with blocked isocyanate as crosslinking agent, the baking conditions can be varied within a wider range and the storage life is longer. The unblocking temperature of blocked isocyanate is decreased to some degree by adding a small amount of organotin accelerator and the reaction is quickened.


There are two levels of activities as"watching activity"and"expanding activity"-in the children's cartoon teaching process.The key point of "watching activity"is that the teachers should helpe children grasp some skills of watching TV,such as"integral watching,paragraphic watching,replay watching,fixed watching,questions and discussion"and"expanding activity"includes"Issues-Center Qrientation"and"Subject-Center Orientation",which can he adopted based on concrete situations.


Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder primarily affecting intertriginous body areas. It is characterized by onset after puberty and a physical course with exacerbations and remissions. Available evidence points toward the existence of various factors contributing to the disease. Disorders of the follicular epithelium, derangements of immune response, genetic predisposition, cigarette smoking and obesity create a favorable background for disease development. Several case studies demonstrate moderate efficacy of TNF-α blockade therapies. Two open-label prospective studies showed favorable results. In the first, ten patients were treated with three infusions of infliximab; in the second, ten patients were administered etanercept 50 mg subcutaneously each week for 12 weeks.


Objective:To discuss the operative process,complications nursing and method on hemoperfusion and hemodialysis in the treatment of refractory skin itch in uremia patients.Method:18 uremia patients with refractory skin itch were performed hemoperfusion and hemodialysis.The common factors caused by nursing and countermeasures were summarized.Result:8 cases had obvious effect,9 were obviously improved,and 1 had no effect.Conclusion:The mastering of operative technique,effective establishment of vascular access,close observation and complications nursing are the key to the treatment effect.


Objective: To identify in the literature studies that used the Patient Safety Climate in Healthcare Organizations (PSCHO) questionnaire to assess the patient safety climate in hospital health services. Method: This is an integrative literature review, defined as a concise survey in a specific area. The search and selection of studies were carried out by two reviewers, independently in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and WoS. The results were presented using the PRISMA flowchart. Results: Six articles were retrieved in the search, of which four were included and analyzed. The studies were carried out in China and the United States and the dimensions "fear of blame and punishment" and "fear of shame" stood out negatively in Chinese studies. The PSCHO showed similarities when compared to other studies that evaluated the patient's safety climate using other climate questionnaires. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the PSCHO is useful for assessing the patient's safety climate. The absence of Brazilian studies using the questionnaire indicates a potential for its application in new research, as a strategy for improving the quality and promoting patient safety in Health Organizations.


AbstractThis study addresses analysis of the crosswind response of tall buildings under nonstationary wind excitations. The wind load under nonstationary wind excitation was quantified using the fo...


The display device is a plurality of sense lines and a plurality of the touch panel drive IC is sensing pad is connected to a display unit and a multiplexer part is disposed lower substrate, and the MUX unit which includes an upper substrate, a plurality of display devices in place including, each of the plurality of detection wires are connected to each of the plurality of sense pads, the plurality of one end each of the detection wire is connected to each of the plurality of first connecting parts are arranged on the upper substrate, and the mUX unit plurality of Article comprising a second connection, and the plurality of the first connecting portion of the plurality of second connection portions are electrically connected by the conductive member.


Abstract Crop failures associated with asparagus replanting have been ascribed to a combination of microbiological and chemical influences. Extracts from asparagus roots and soil were examined to locate inhibitory chemicals. Analysis of root extract fractions in a seedling assay showed that phenolic and saponin components inhibited growth but the most inhibitory material was located in the amino acid/carbohydrate fraction. However, inhibitory asparagus soil extracts did not contain significant levels of active compounds (tryptophan, caffeic acid) identified from root extracts.


In this paper, the authors discuss the optics effects of the realistic detector solenoid field on beam size at the Interaction Point (IP) of a future Linear Collider and their compensation. It is shown that most of the adverse effects on the IP beam size arise only from the part of the solenoid field which overlaps and extends beyond the final focusing quadrupoles. It is demonstrated that the most efficient and local compensation can be achieved using weak antisolenoids near the IP, while a correction scheme which employs only skew quadrupoles is less efficient, and compensation with strong antisolenoids is not appropriate. One of the advantages of the proposed antisolenoid scheme is that this compensation works well over a large range of the beam energy


Significance Cytokines interact with their receptors and activate JAK–STAT signaling pathways that lead to changes in gene expression. In mammals, there are seven STATs that have arisen due to gene duplication and genetic drift. STATs have similar DNA binding specificity, and how individual STATs have subfunctionalized to regulate very specific cytokine responses in cells is poorly understood. Here we describe X-ray structures that show how one STAT family member, STAT2, specifically pairs with a member of the IRF family of transcription factors, IRF9. Despite overall structural similarity among STAT and IRF family members, surface features in the interacting domains of IRF9 and STAT2 have diverged to enable specific interaction between these family members and to enable the antiviral response. Cytokine signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway controls multiple cellular responses including growth, survival, differentiation, and pathogen resistance. An expansion in the gene regulatory repertoire controlled by JAK/STAT signaling occurs through the interaction of STATs with IRF transcription factors to form ISGF3, a complex that contains STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 and regulates expression of IFN-stimulated genes. ISGF3 function depends on selective interaction between IRF9, through its IRF-association domain (IAD), with the coiled-coil domain (CCD) of STAT2. Here, we report the crystal structures of the IRF9–IAD alone and in a complex with STAT2–CCD. Despite similarity in the overall structure among respective paralogs, the surface features of the IRF9–IAD and STAT2–CCD have diverged to enable specific interaction between these family members. We derive a model for the ISGF3 complex bound to an ISRE DNA element and demonstrate that the observed interface between STAT2 and IRF9 is required for ISGF3 function in cells.


All citizens can obtain insurance via the National Healthcare Fund (FONASA). FONASA provides healthcare insurance to over 13.3 million people, without regard to previous health or social condition. The private sector is managed by private health insurance companies, known as instituciones de salud previsional (ISAPRES). FONASA reports that 78% of the population falls under their insurance in 2018, with 14.9% falling under ISAPRES [4]. A military healthcare system exists also, but most patients with FONASA insurance are treated within the public system in Chile.


This paper illuminates experiences related to introducing finite element methods (FEM) in mechanical and civil engineering courses at the University of Camaguey in Cuba and provides discussion on using FEM in postgraduate courses for industry engineers. Background information on the introduction of FEM in engineering teaching is focused on mechanical engineering and civil engineering. Links between FEM and other disciplines or subjects within the specialty are also outlined. Results suggest that: (1) universities should work together across national boundaries to develop and integrate FEM in the curriculum; (2) use of FEM can result in more efficient use of computational engineers; and (3) FEM should be employed more frequently in problem solving in engineering. (Contains a bibliography). (DDR) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** L AN INTRODUCTION OF FINITE ELEMENT METHOD IN THE ENGINEERING TEACHING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMAGUEY Authors: Elsa Napoles Padreml, Ramon Blanco Sanchez2, Rafael Jimenez Martinez2, Yoanka Mc. Pherson Napoles3. Full Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department', Mathematics Department2, Facultad Electromecinica, Universidad de CamagOey, Cuba Investigator, Group of Vaccines, Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biothecnology3.


This report describes development work in which systematic changes in the electrode pattern of a gas microstrip detector are explored in the search for higher avalanche gains and enhanced stability. It is found that the width of the cathode structure is the main determinant of the detector stability. With the correct cathode width, gas gains of >50 000 are comfortably attainable with low detector noise so that X-rays can potentially be detected down to the limit of a single X-ray produced photoelectron.


A postulated capability of riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide to protect DNA from damage by far-ultraviolet irradiation was investigated in purified reaction mixtures and in cultured mammalian cells. Purified calf thymus DNA, admixed with flavin at approximately physiological ratios, was protected from undergoing irradiation-induced changes in spectral absorbance and viscosity compatible with those accompanying pyrimidine dimerization. Irradiation-induced changes in unprotected DNA were reversed by a subsequent treatment of the DNA with flavin in the presence of visible light. There was no apparent interaction between flavin and non-irradiated DNA. These results suggest that photoexcited flavin interacts directly with the ultraviolet photoproduct in DNA and does not function simply as an energy sink to dissipate photons absorbed by DNA. Cultured embryonic hamster cells were protected from ultraviolet-induced inhibition of growth by a preliminary exposure to relatively large amounts of flavin. This effect was not due to a vitamin- like promotion of cell growth by the flavin. The observation that flavin concentrated transiently in the cytoplasm of exponentially growing hamster cells during a 6 hr incubation period suggested that a shielding action may cooperate with the protective photochemical mechanism in vivo. It was concluded that flavins may function physiologically to protect the genetic material of tissues exposed to actinic radiations, and that when flavin levels in these tissues are inadequate, either because of nutritional deficiency or excessive intensity of irradiation, the damage which results may provide one pathogenetic avenue for the characteristic integumentary lesions of riboflavin deficiency disease.


Presented isadesign ofanidle speed control system fora V-6fuel injected engine. Thecontroller synthesis isbased on afrequency domain design methodology thatparallels QFT.In particular, thesynthesis isaimed atmaximizing thesize ofan external disturbance while preserving strict timedomain constraints imposed onthesystem output, internal states andcontrol efforts, withbandwidth limitations placed ontheactuators. Theengine model represents aV-6fuel injected engine linearized about idle operating conditions at800rev/min, includes transportation lags andhasitscontrol efforts limited bythephysical hardware. Thedesign objective istosynthesize acontroller(s) that maintains theidle speed within aprespecified percentage of thenominal inthepresence ofatorque disturbance representative ofanautomotive airconditioning compressor. I.INTRODUCTION Motivated bytheresults ofQFT[Horowitz, 1963], anew SISOdesign methodology wasintroduced [Jayasuriya, Franchek, 1988]. Incontrast toQFT,this technique maximizes thesize of astepdisturbance while satisfying theconstraints onthesystemoutput, internal states, control efforts andthebandwidth limitations imposed bytheactuators ofthesystem. These constraints areimbedded inasetoftarget transfer functions which arefrequency domain equivalents oftheupper bounds imposed in thetime domain. These target transfer functions along withthe relevant closed loop transfer functions provide upperandlower bounds onthenominal loop transfer function amplitude. These bounds arerepresented onaNichols chart toexploit bothgain andphase information. Inthis paper, weconsider theidle speed control ofaV-6 fuel injected engine subjected toanexternal step torque disturbance. Wetransform thedesign objective toaproblem ofcontroller synthesis formaximizing thesize ofastep disturbance while satisfying hardtimedomain constraints. Since there are twopossible control inputs andonemeasurement, wehavet freedom tochoose either oneortwocontrol loops. Theloc loop bandwidth ofeachcontrol loop islimited anddifferent yet bothloops aresubjected tothesamesensor noise. Thedesign iscompared toanHZ:solution ofthesameproblem.


Salicylic acid and 3-hydroxy benzoic acid are nitrated and esterified with some alcohols. Five phosphate and six carbamate compounds of alkyl-5-nitrosalicylate and alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoate are synthesized by reacting alkyl-5-nitrosalicylate and alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoate with diethyl-chlorophosphate and methyl isocyanate. As the bioassay results of synthesized compounds on five insects and six pathogens, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) mortality of O-(2-carbomethoxy-4-nitrophenyl) O,O-diethylphosphate and O-(2-nitro-5-carbo methoxyphenyl) O,O-diethylphosphate was 96%, while four compounds including O-(2-carbo-(2-chloroethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl) O,O-diethylphosphate showed more than 95% of fungicidal activity on rice blast.


There are obvious deficiencies and gaps between independent colleges and public and private colleges in school-running quality.Based on the national "double first-class" policy background, this paper explores the construction of a first-class specialty guarantee system for independent colleges, in order to improve the comprehensive strength of independent colleges, we need to make up for their shortcomings in the construction of "first-class majors" , such as the lack of distinct characteristics of their disciplines and specialties, the single source of funding, the small-scale poor quality of their teaching staff, and the weak capacity of their teaching, Scientific Research and development, it is of great significance to promote its transformation and development.


The study is based on data published in the travelers and scientists, partly on archival and field materials for vehicles, homes and settlements Siberian Tatars (Baraba, Tobol-Irtysh and Tomsk) XVIII-XIX centuries. In these areas, the material culture identifies the main areas of ethno-cultural processes the spread of the common features in the culture of the Siberian Tatars, the increase in the volume of general phenomena in the culture of the Siberian Tatars and Russian at the inclusion together with other ethnic groups of the Russian Empire in the process of forming a historical community of Russians. The article deals with the theme of formation and functioning of historical (socio-political and socio-cultural) communities, the characteristics of the Siberian civilizational system as part of the Russian civilization.


Submitted for the SES07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Design and Optimization of Force-Reduced Superconducting Magnets SZABOLCS REMBECZKI, Florida Institute of Technology — Superconducting magnet design and development has particular significance in physics not only in the area of research, but also due to the extensive interest in civil and military applications. Due to the complexity of the superconducting magnets, detailed analytical methods are needed during their design and construction. One of the main problems in high-field superconducting magnets is the presence of huge electromagnetic stresses that must be counteracted by heavy support structures. Different force-free magnet concepts have been studied both numerically and analytically to solve this problem. In this research I propose to design and optimize a high-field, low weight superconducting magnet using force-reduced coil configuration. Szabolcs Rembeczki Florida Institute of Technology Date submitted: 15 Aug 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


A field plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of different organic manures on accumulation,leaching and seasonal changes of Olsen-P in greenhouse soil.The results showed that phosphorus amount in the same conditions,chicken manure and pig manure were better than chemical fertilizer in increasing soil Olsen-P accumulation and leaching volume,and the greater the application amount,the more the obvious effect.Compared with the chemical fertilizer,the accumulations of Olsen-P in surface soil were increased by 50.60% and 70.29%,and the leaching amounts of Olsen-P were increased by 159.5% and 111.6% in treatments of chicken manure and swine manure with 22.5 t hm-2.Commercial organic fertilizer compared with chemical fertilizer reduced Olsen-P content of the surface soil.Commercial organic fertilizer also reduced the leaching amount of Olsen-P,but increasing application amount.The leaching amount could be increased.The level of soil Olsen-P content was closely related to the fertilization period,and annual changes showed "M"-shaped.Different fertilizers had different effects on soil Olsen-P,the order from high to low was swine manurechicken manurechemical fertilizercommercial organic fertilizer.Therefore,in order to reduce the soil Olsen-P accumulation and leaching,the application amount of chicken manure and swine manure could be appropriate to reduce,commercial organic fertilizer may be increased.


General considerations for developing speaking skills
In recent years, the development of communication skills has been recognized as a central goal of foreign language teaching (FU). This tendency was accentuated in the course of so-called communicative didactics in newer DaF syllabuses, curricula and textbooks. For the learner, however, the learning objective "oral communication" remains an existing challenge in German lessons, especially since speaking and listening skills are closely linked. Both together determine the degree of verbal ability to act, i.e. the "communicative competence". Furthermore, the development of speaking skills relates to other skills. Listening and speaking in class are the two actions that should be realized through communication; Speaking and writing are two productive skills, they appear in the classroom as mediators and target activities. Tharough this paper, it is clearly stated that the speaking skill has an important place in methods of teaching a foreign language, especially mediation. Speaking alone is not enough, the teacher should contribute other sub-skills to promote speaking skills. The use of the media serves as an opportunity to develop speaking skills among students. Also, social and exercise forms should also be used in speaking. Henceforth, learning speaking is a target in foreign language classroom situations which should take into consideration. The acquisition of such a skill should be emphasized through media use. Some factors contribute to the development of oral competence, namely social and other typology activities which were discussed in this research paper.


The basic characteristics of the coronal mass output near the Sun are analyzed with the statistic and numerical methods by using observational data from K corona brightness, interplanetary scintillation, and photospheric magnetic field during the descending phases (1983) and the minimum (1984) of solar activity. The methods used here are based on the global distribution of the solar magnetic field on the source surface (at 2.5 solar radii (R-S)). Our main results are the following: (1) There are certain regular persistent patterns in the global distributions of coronal mass outputs flux F-m (density rho x speed V), which shows that the highest F-m in 1983 and 1984 display more regularly double peaks and single-peak wave-like patterns on the source surface (2.5 R-S), respectively. The highest and the lowest F-m are associated with the coronal current sheet and the polar corona regions, respectively, and the other regions are associated with a moderate F-m. (2) The speed dependence of F-m is different for various magnetic structures. The dependence is nearly constant in the polar coronal region and monotonically rises in the current sheet regions both for the descending ( 1983) and the ascending (1976) phases. ( 3) The different frequency number distributions of F-m also correspond to different magnetic field structures, with average values (F) over bar (m,p) = 8.3 x 10(11) particles/cm(2)(s) for the polar coronal region and (F) over bar (m,c) = 17.7 x 10(11) particles/cm(2)(s) for the coronal current sheet. (4) As a theoretical test, a preliminary numerical study of the global distribution near 2.5 R-S for the Carrington rotation 1742 in 1983 has been made by solving a self-consistent MHD system based on the observations of K coronal brightness and the photospheric magnetic fields. The numerical results indicate that the global distributions of the coronal mass outputs on the source surface could be used to understand/predict the change of the interplanetary conditions.


Soy isoflavone(SIF)is a kind of natural estrogen,a secondary metabolite produced during the process of soybean growth.It mainly exists in two forms in nature,a free glycosidic ligand and the combined one,and has a variety of biological effects and clinical applications,including anti-atherosclerosis,anti-tumor,preventing osteoporosis,neuroprotective and anti-nerve degeneration,anti-bacteria and anti-inflammatory,improving immunity,resisting radiation and estrogen-like effects.With the study of SIF gradually deepening and maturing,the applications of SIF will be more and more extensive.


Prosopis , Ol neya , and Amaranthus have potenti a l economic value as food or feed crops fo r a rid /semi arid r eg ions. Ma ture seeds of these genera we r e examined using scanning e l ec tron and fluoresce nce microscopy to define a natomy and localize s t or age s truc tures in cells . Pro t ein bodies, some cont a ini ng phytin inc lu sions , were l oca li zed in the embryos of five Prosopi s s pec i es . Prosopis chilensis wa s the only one of th e five Prosopis exa mined which contained s tar c h . In a ll Prosopis, e ndo sperm was a ttac hed t o th e inne r layer of the seed coa t, was thi ckes t in the ce nter of the seed, a nd gr a dually decreased in thickness t oward the periphery. Olneya t eso t a contained numerous protein and lipid storage-bodies t hr ougho ut the cotyledons . The co t yledons also contained small sta r ch granules . The thin l egumino us seed coa t had a small quan tity of endosperm attached t o th e inner s urface . Amaranthus cruen tu s and A. eduli s con t a ined abunda nt s t arch located in the peri spe r m, a sto r age struct ur e e nci r cled by the embryo . Protei n bodies , some with phytin inclusions, we r e located in th e A. crue ntus embryo . These r es ult s provid e information fo r deve lopme nt of processing met hods of th e se seeds fo r use in foods . Initi al Paper received January 21, 1985. Final ma nu sc ript received April 22, 1985 . Di rect inquiries to D.W. Irving . Te l ephone number: (415) 4863120. Keyword s : Seed anatomy, histochemis tr y , scanning e l ec tron mi c r oscopy, fluorescence, Olneya, Prosopis, mesquite , Amaranthus ----~


Uric acid disposition during intermittent chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis
was studied in 13 patients allocated to a thrice-weekly regimen containing pyrazinamide
in addition to rifampicin, isoniazid and streptomycin and in 19 patients allocated
to a twice-weekly regimen of the same four drugs; the dosage of pyrazinam ide
was 50 mg/kg in the former and 70 mg/kg in the latter. In the thrice-weekly series,
the mean serum uric acid concentration ½ h before drug administration at 2 months
(5.5 mg/dl) was significantly higher (P< 0.001) than that on admission (3.2 mg/
dl); hyperuricaemia (>7 mg/dl) was observed in none of the patients on admission
and in 3 at 2 months. In the twice-weekly series, the two values (3.4 and 3.1 mg/dl,
respectively) were similar, and none of the patients bad hyperuricaemia. The mean
concentrations 5 h after drug administration at 2 months were significantly higher
(P< 0.001) than those before drug administration in both the series (6.6 and 4.8
mg/dl, respectively), and hyperuricaemia was observed in 4 patients, all in the thrice
weekly series.


This paper presents the application of  Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and  Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN)  for  voltage instability analysis  in electric power system.  The voltage instability analysis is exec uted in this research by calcul ating the values of voltage instability indices. The voltage instability indices used are voltage stability margin (VSM) and load power margin (LPM). Both VSM and LPM are obtained from the real power-voltage (PV) curve and reactive power-voltage (QV) curve.  ANFIS is used for predicting the values of voltage instability indices. Meanwhile, PNN is used for classifying the voltage instability indices.  The IEEE  14 -bus  test  system has been chosen as the reference electrical power system.  Both  A NFIS and PNN  used in this research  are deployed by  using MATLAB  software .