Queueing systems which can be formulated as Markov renewal processes with basic transitions of three types, 'arrivals', 'departures' and 'feedbacks' are examined. The filtering procedure developed for Markov renewal processes by Çinlar (1969) is applied to such queueing models to show that the queue-length processes embedded at any of the 'arrival', 'departure', 'feedback', 'input', 'output' or 'external' transition epochs are also Markov renewal. In this part we focus attention on the derivation of stationary and limiting distributions (when they exist) for each of the embedded discrete-time processes, the embedded Markov chains. These results are applied to birth–death queues with instantaneous state-dependent feedback including the special cases of M/M/1/N and M/M/1 queues with instantaneous Bernoulli feedback.


Background: Evaluate the effectiveness of hydrotherapy versus land-based exercise outcomes to decrease pain and improve the quality of life among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods: Triple-blind, randomized controlled, parallel-group, multiple arm trial was conducted between 29/09/2019 to 30/09/2021 at the Department of PMR, KG University Lucknow India and randomization was done through the SNSOE. Eligible 90 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The intervention (RJHLERA) was administered in both study groups. NRPS used for pain and RJQOL-22 Scale was used for QoL.
Results: The pre-test results showed all the subject's average pain scores and quality of life had either poor or neither poor nor good levels of the RJQOL-22 scale. At the post-test, in terms of pain, the hydrotherapy exercise group showed the maximum response with an average pain score of 3.64±1.89, the land-based exercises group showed the next to maximum response with an average pain score of 5.88±1.37 while the control group showed the least response with an average pain score of 7.63±1.41. and in terms of quality of life, the hydrotherapy exercise group showed the maximum response with 67.9% very good, and 21.4% good. The land-based exercises group showed the next to maximum response with 19.2% good while the group the clear control group showed the least response.
Conclusions: Effectiveness of hydrotherapy versus land-based exercises, in comparison to land-based exercises the Hydrotherapy exercises group showed the maximum response to reduce the pain and improve the quality of life among chronic rheumatoid arthritis patients.


Tested Bio-mitigation to reduce greenhouse gas technology dioxide levels through the use of isolates belonging to the Division of green algae. Chlorella sorokiniana. GenBank databasr (accession No. MH923013.1) and Coelastrella sp. Gen Bank database (accession No. MH 923012), Within five different CO2 levels of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 L / min during the 24-day laboratory study period grown with NPK culture medium, The study showed that Chlorella sorokiniana is more efficient than Coelastrella sp. Through the treatment time for gas, which reached 92.94% of Chlorella sorokiniana after 3 days from the start of the study, the highest level of gas was 25 L / min, which was equivalent to 6000 mg / l. In addition to producing biomass weights compared to the biomass weights of Coelastrella sp, the biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana also produced more biochemical contents than those of Coelastrella sp, represented by the ratios of Lipid, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. The results of the study also showed an exponential increase in the uniform optical density of Chlorella sorokiniana within the five gas levels, which amounted to 0.294, 0.311, 0.345, 0.431 and 0.511 nm, respectively, compared to the control of 0.098 nm for day 24 of culture.


The present invention relates to a galvanic element, in particular button cell, having a housing (100) comprising - a housing cup (102) having a cup base (105) and a substantially cylindrically shaped cup liner (106) - a casing cover (101) with a cover base (201), a circumferential, abutting the inner wall of the housing cup in the closed state of the housing, in the substantially cylindrical portion (202) and an adjoining edge portion (203) and - a foil seal (103) connecting the housing cup and housing cover insulated from each other, wherein the housing cover (101) is folded over and the edge portion (203) outwardly radially curved inwards.


This project proposal outlines the tasks to be undertaken for aero database validation and update of TEJAS Naval variant. The flight testing of Naval NP series aircraft including the 1 trainer variant, in the target envelope boundaries and with complete range of stores, is expected to be spread over the next 2 years. Various activities like flight test planning, flight ' path reconstruction, air data calibration, parameter estimation, coefficient level matching, aerodatabase validation and update will be carried out as part of this project. A brief description of these tasks is highlighted in this document.


Purpose. The objective of the present study to analyse the styles of coping with stress and the locus of control (LOc) in specific sporting situations of female football players and seeking relationships between the analysed variables. Methods. The study included 50 female football players aged 16–18 years. Two psychological instruments were administered: the Polish language Questionnaire for Examining Locus of control in Sports Activity (PKSPwS) and the Polish version of the coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (cISS). Results. The mean level of the investigated LOc dimensions as well as the styles of coping with stress showed that behaviour associated with avoidance and emotions predominated over task-oriented style. However, task-oriented style was positively related to the locus of control in specific situations that occur in sport. Conclusions. The results of the study suggest that social support and educational initiatives adapted to female athletes are required. These include mental training and the psycho-pedagogical intervention of coaches, where emphasis should be placed on enhancing internal locus of control as well as the development and improvement of effective stress-coping styles. football


The aim of the study is to identify patterns of consumer's behaviour related to climate change. Research method: sociological survey. The authors conducted sociological surveys among the architecture students of the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (NRU MGSU) concerning their attitude to the climate change and the sense of personal responsibility for the current events. The results converged with the results of the European Sociological Survey (2017-2018), and discrepancies were insignificant. Drawing on the findings the authors identified behaviour models with regard for the climate change. They concluded that consumer behaviour is influenced by numerous factors, including the system of traditional values, the attitude to nature, to its resources, the government policy in respect of the climate change, as well as the effort to promote pro-environmental behaviors. Author s expanded the scope of the research and analyzed the opinions of the architecture students about the regard for climate-related factors in architectural design. The conclusion is that the problem is not well clear to the students of the civil engineering university. Although 100% of the respondents acknowledged the need to take account of the climate-related factors in the course of urban design and construction, only 21.4% of respondents listed some elements of architecture capable of protecting the climate. The reasons for the unawareness include poor climate education, information unavailability and an overall lack of climatic culture.


Since 2011, the private ride-hailing companies Didi (2019), Uber (2019) and Lyft (2021) have expanded into more and more cities. These ride-hailing services (RHS) bring convenience to our life; however, at the same time they, also raise security concerns for users. For example, several recent news items show that a considerable number of registered drivers whose licenses have been revoked are still taking RHS orders on the respective platforms; this phenomenon directly leads to insecurity on part of its users and the bad reputation of the ride-hailing service provider (SP). The traditional solution to solve this problem is to periodically check the validity of the drivers' licenses; however, it is a considerably time-consuming and costly process since the SPs have to manually interact with the governing authorities. Therefore, in this paper, we have presented an auditable self-sovereign identity system (named AudiSSI), which provides an efficient approach for the SPs to manage their registered drivers' qualifications in a decentralized and automatic manner. Further, using smart contract technology, we propose a safety guarantee insurance in the form of an auditing contract to enable the RHS rider to check their driver's qualifications before the trip starts and get incentives once they detect a disqualified driver. We designed an incentive mechanism and have provided a game theoretical analysis. Finally, we implemented a prototype of AudiSSI and deployed it on Hyperledger Indy and Fabric to show that self-sovereign identity system for RHS driver with qualification auditing is efficient and technically feasible.


The idea that paying taxes makes politicians more accountable to citizens has long drawn the attention of scholars. This article contributes to the understanding of this relationship from a novel perspective: that it is elections rather than negotiations between politicians and elites—as most of the previous literature has assumed—that serve as the primary mechanism by which citizens discipline politicians. I build a voting agency model that considers two effects of income taxes on voters' decisions: how changes in voters' disposable income affect their political demands and how increments in tax revenues affect voters' beliefs about the ability of institutions to affect incumbents' decisions. I find that increments in taxes always strengthen voters' political demands. Nevertheless, it would not necessarily prove useful for disciplining incumbents—in terms of a higher expected provision of public goods and lower captured rents. Gains in political accountability, in turn, positively affect the equilibrium income tax rate.


In this paper,the author use his many years of business experience,and recent years work experience in teaching first-line to explore the teaching methods which was summarized Po-yuan.The paper describes the connotation of Po-yuan teaching method,implementation techniques and methods,through the implementation and use of Po-yuan teaching method,the students can be stimulated interest and enhance teaching effectiveness in practice teaching.This teaching method has been proved that it has better practical value in the past three years.


O- (2,6-dichloroanilino) phenylacetate N-methyl-D-glucammonium. PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION CONTAINING O- (2,6-dichloroanilino) phenylacetate N-methyl-D-glucammonium FURTHER ADDITIVES PHARMACEUTICAL USUAL. PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION APPROPRIATE TO ORAL BY cLAIM 2, CONTAINING APPROXIMATELY 0.5 TO AROUND 10 BY WEIGHT OF THE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE.


Spaun: A Perception-Cognition-Action Model Using Spiking Neurons Terrence C. Stewart (email@example.com) Feng-Xuan Choo (email@example.com) Chris Eliasmith (firstname.lastname@example.com) Centre for Theoretical Neuroscience, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 Abstract We present a large-scale cognitive neural model called Spaun (Semantic Pointer Architecture: Unified Network), and show simulation results on 6 tasks (digit recognition, tracing from memory, serial working memory, question answering, addition by counting, and symbolic pattern completion). The model consists of 2.3 million spiking neurons whose neural properties, organization, and connectivity match that of the mammalian brain. Input consists of images of handwritten and typed numbers and symbols, and output is the motion of a 2 degree-of-freedom arm that writes the model's responses. Tasks can be presented in any order, with no "rewiring" of the brain for each task. Instead, the model is capable of internal cognitive control (via the basal ganglia), selectively routing information throughout the brain and recruiting different cortical components as needed for each task. Input to the model consists of idealized and hand-written digits and symbols (Figure 1a). These images are given as a 28x28 grid of pixels. This input domain has the advantage of including significantly variable, real-world input, while also providing a reasonably limited semantics that the model must reason about. Output from the model consists of the motion of a 2-degree-of-freedom arm. The neural model generates a sequence of target locations which directly drive the controller for the arm. This provides the model with its own handwriting output (Figure 1b). Keywords: Neural engineering; cognitive architecture; spiking neurons; cognitive control; whole-brain systems Introduction In a forthcoming book, Eliasmith (2012) details a neural architecture for biological cognition called the semantic pointer architecture (SPA). This architecture, based on the Neural Engineering Framework (Eliasmith & Anderson, 2003), uses groups of spiking neurons to form distributed representations of high-dimensional vectors, which can in turn encode symbol-like tree structures. Synaptic connections between groups of neurons compute particular functions on those vectors, allowing high-level cognitive algorithms to be implemented in detailed spiking neuron models. In this paper, we present an overview of the Semantic Pointer Architecture: Unified Network (Spaun) model and discuss its behaviour on six different tasks. We demonstrate that this biologically plausible spiking neuron model has the following features: Task Flexibility: No changes are made to the model between tasks. Visual input indicates which task to do next. Motor Plans: Model output provides a motor plan for a simple 2-joint arm, giving hand-written digits as responses. Visual Memory: Even after an input has been recognized and classified as a particular symbol, details of the original image can still be recovered and used. Compositionality: Multiple items can be represented and reliably bound together, allowing for the creation and manipulation of symbol-tree-like structures. Symbolic Induction: Language-like patterns in visual input can be discovered after only a few presentations, and used to guide subsequent responses. Figure 1: Example visual input and arm-movement output from Spaun. Input digits are from the MNIST database, and input symbols are used to inform the model of details of the current task. The model produces output by controlling a 2- joint arm, and variation in the internal representations produces the variation in its output hand-writing. We can think of Spaun as having a single, fixed eye and a single 2-joint arm. The eye does not move, but instead the experimenter changes the image falling on it by showing different inputs over time, with each input shown for 150ms, followed by 150ms of blank background. To begin a specific task, Spaun is shown the letter "A" followed by a number between zero and seven. The subsequent input is then interpreted by the model in the context of the specified task and processed accordingly, resulting in arm movements that provide Spaun's response. All internal processing is performed using spiking neurons, with neural properties and connectivity consistent with the mammalian brain.


Evaluations of criticality measurements performed in various SNEAK and Zero Power Plutonium Reactor (ZPPR) cores are compared. The best available methods of calculations (including transport theory) are used. The ZPPR results support well the trend indicated by the SNEAK evaluations for clean cores and for cores with followers; for cores with absorbers partially inserted, the agreement is only rough. Evaluations of control rod worth measurements are therefore also compared, using the routine method of calculation for SNR-300 (diffusion theory). The control rod worths are largely underestimated in SNEAK (C/E = 0.89), but only slightly underestimated in the ZPPR (C/E = 0.97). The difference in the nature of core fuel (uranium in SNEAK, plutonium in the ZPPR) could be at the origin of this discrepancy.


A 2-speed single-winding squirrel-cage induction motor, with only six terminals and of excellent rating and performance, has been described in several previous papers. The same principles have now been extended to give a 3-speed motor of comparable quality. Only twelve terminals and reasonably simple control gear are required for three speeds. Almost any speed combination can be obtained, the example given in the paper being a motor for 6/8/10 poles, particularly suitable for fan or pump drives.


An analytical expression for the two-dimensional reaction surface appropriate for discussing a concerted reaction has been derived for the quartic approximation to a reaction coordinate, and shown to be consistent with Marcus theory. By analysis of literature data for SN1 solvolyses and carbanion formation we have been able to reproduce the qualitative behavior of eliminations involving tBuBr, iPrBr, and EtBr in EtOH/EtO−, and to predict the rates of these reactions within the uncertainties of the input data. Keywords: concerted reactions, Marcus theory, eliminations, reaction surfaces.


Abstract Two kinds of orthogonally polarized lasers, i.e. Zeeman dual-frequency lasers and four-frequency ring lasers (laser gyros) have been developed since the invention of lasers, in which circularly polarized lights oscillate. This paper summarizes recent progress of the study on orthogonally linear polarized lasers with the standing wave cavity. Firstly, the expression of producing orthogonally linear polarized lights in standing wave cavity, i.e. laser frequency splitting, is given. Almost all the birefringence effects made in laser cavity are used to produce orthogonally linear polarized lights. The effect includes quartz crystal birefringence effect, calcite birefringence effect, stress (photo-elastic) birefringence effect and electro-optical birefringence effect. Secondly, several physical phenomena of orthogonally linear polarized lasers are discovered such as aberrance of frequency splitting curves caused by optical activity of quartz crystal, order-passing of longitudinal modes with frequency ...


We report herein a study in which we reveal the role of F– incorporated in the very anodic TiO2 nanotubes prepared electrochemically from a Ti foil using a fluoride based electrolyte. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to examine the as-prepared and the annealed TiO2 nanotubes. It is found that the additional electron resulting from the substitution of O2– by self-doped F– in the TiO2 lattice is localized in the t2g state. Consequently, a localized Ti3+ state can be tracked by a d–d energy loss peak with a constant energy of 1.6 eV in the RXES, in contrast to TiO2 nanostructures where this peak is hardly noticeable when F– is driven out of the lattice upon annealing.


The aim of this paper is to present a novel inertia moment algorithm meanwhile use it to investigate the stress corrosion initiation stage of an aluminum alloy. The specimens are Al-2A12 alloy with thickness of 2mm which are immersed in the 3.5% sodium chloride solution. Three-point bending system is employed under displacement loading mode. The center displacement is 2mm, 2.5mm and 4mm, respectively. Meanwhile in order to observe the stress corrosion process, the solution temperature increases from 20.9 to 61.3 degrees centigrade. Average intensity method is recommended to contrast due to its validity for corrosion analysis. The results show at room temperature, the material is not prone to stress corrosion. General electrochemical corrosion is a major role and the process is comparatively moderate. Stress corrosion appears when the temperature has increased. It is a phenomenon of localized corrosion and exhibits asymmetric property. Accompanied with the corrosion process developed, this kind of asymmetric property is increasingly apparent from three-dimensional results.


Amino acids are both the substances of protein synthesis and the regulators of signal transduction in cells.The research progress in the protein translation initiation was reviewed,and the regulation of amino acids in the binding phase of Met-tRNAi and mRNA,and the signal transduction mechanism of amino acids on protein translation initiation were elucidated in this paper.


The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted, more than ever, the multiple effects of digital technology on education and training. As a result, we can retain, for example, the importance of the implementation of appropriate high-quality technopedagogical devices, whether they are face-to-face (in class), remote (at home or work) or hybrid (combining pedagogical activities in the same physical space and online pedagogical activities). These devices can promote the creation of learning contexts that allow all learners, no matter what their situation is, to be engaged, accompanied, guided and supported. However, the conception of quality remains a challenge, mainly when the pedagogical activity often results in tension due to the activity's perception as already being in a "degraded mode" or condition. This thematic issue proposes a reflection on the contributions, opportunities and constraints imposed by digital technology on education and training. The authors also question the design and the elements that contribute to the quality of online and hybrid training solutions. This fourth issue of Mediations & mediatisations presents and analyses these teaching modalities, reflections and experiences, illustrating both reorganizations and a need for professional development.


Methylene blue catalyzes the visible light-induced organocatalytic α-oxyamination of aldehydes via enamines. The irradiation of 3-phenylpropanal with TEMPO radical in the presence of morpholine as an organocatalyst and methylene blue as a photoredox catalyst gave the desired α-functionalized aldehyde in 75% yield.


This is the first of two papers on quasi-split affine quantum symmetric pairs ( Ũ(ĝ), Ũı ) , focusing on the real rank one case, i.e., g = sl3 equipped with a diagram involution. We construct explicitly a relative braid group action of type A (2) 2 on the affine ıquantum group Ũı. Real and imaginary root vectors for Ũı are constructed, and a Drinfeld type presentation of Ũı is then established. This provides a new basic ingredient for the Drinfeld type presentation of higher rank quasi-split affine ıquantum groups in the sequel.


The urgency of the given problem is caused by the necessity to develop an innovative education system capable of producing highly qualified specialists with a wide range of social and professional activities and broad-based abilities ready for individual operating innovative activities. The article is intended to searching for the ways of scientifically based organization of students' individual work which is one of the most up-to-date area of a pedagogical research (focus), contributing to the development of professional competencies and the optimization of higher technical education. The leading method of the given problem research is the pedagogical experiment, which makes it possible to identify, theoretically substantiate and experimentally test the organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of professional competencies in the students' individual work. In this research students' individual work is considered as an important pedagogical subsystem of the educational process, built with regard to its essential characteristics on the competency based and learner-centered approaches; at the same time, organizational and pedagogical conditions are realized: subject-subject relations between the teacher and students are built up, the prolonged differential tasks are used in the educational process with their gradual complication from adaptive to developing and constructive in the process of studying the academic disciplines, the development of professional competencies is regularly monitored. The scientific and methodological materials presented in the article, used in the practice of professional education, ensure the development of professional competencies in the individual work of technical university students and streamline the workflow of the institutions of higher professional education improving the quality of education. * Corresponding author E-mail addresses: email@example.com (E.L. Guseinova) European Journal of Contemporary Education, 2018, 7(1) 119


The invention relates to a method for producing ferronickel alloy by using laterite ore powder and coal powder to prepare carbonic pellets and adopting a tunnel kiln-melting furnace combined method, belonging to the field of melting reduction. The main process of the method comprises preparing materials, mixing materials, forming pellets, reducing, forming metallized pellets, cooling, crushing, screening, dressing by magnetic separation, melting at high-temperature and forming ferroalloy. The method comprises the following concrete steps: selecting laterite nickel ore as the raw material, wherein the mass of nickel accounts for 0.5-3 percent of the total mass of the laterite nickel ore, and the mass of iron accounts for 20-55 percent of the total mass of the laterite nickel ore; mixing the laterite nickel ore, the coal powder, a binder and an ulphur fixing agent to prepare pellets according to a proportion of 100:30-50:1-2:3-5 by weight percent; placing the dried pellets in a reduction pot; and preheating, reducing, cooling, taking the pellets out of the kiln, crushing, dressing by magnetic separation and melting at high temperature for 20-60 min to obtain the ferroalloy. The invention overcomes difficulties which exist in ferronickel production of a traditional blast furnace, ferronickel production of a rotary kiln-electric furnace and ferronickel production of a submerged arc furnace and are difficult to overcome, realizes the organic combination and matching of the tunnel kiln and a melting furnace and has the advantages of mature technology, simple operation and easy control of process conditions. Therefore, the invention opens up a new approach for treating the low-cost laterite nickel ore.


An artificial intelligence expert system, analysis of proliferation by expert system (APES), has been developed and tested to permit a nonexpert to quickly evaluate the capabilities and capacities of a reactor and reprocessing system for producing and separating plutonium (special nuclear material (SNM)) even when system information may be limited and uncertain. The present analysis domain of APES is directed at light water reactors and Purex reprocessing, but extension of the domain is planned.


Ambidexterity research has proposed a variety of drivers to reconcile the conflicting forces of exploration and exploitation. However, little is known about how these drivers interact and whether they act as complements or substitutes. Based on a two-stage survey study amongst small and medium-sized enterprises, we find that structural drivers, leadership drivers, and informal drivers of ambidexterity do not demonstrate complementarity as is generally assumed, but may rather act at cross-purposes with each other. This finding permits the development of important theoretical insights for ambidexterity research and for the broader theory on organizational capabilities.


Solid plastic waste has been an environment problem with a lot of discussions in literature. The humanity needs to think about the future and be aware about its residues because only with this thinking will be possible to decrease environmental impacts and conserve natural resources. Espresso coffee capsules waste have grown in the last years because espresso machines provide an easily and quickly way to have a coffee time. This residue is difficult to recycling because it is composed of various materials. However the needs to decrease the impact caused by this waste influenced the thinking of researchers about applied this recycled polymer as matrix in polymeric biocomposites. In this context, the present work has the main objective of to separate the polypropylene (PP) that is the main component of the capsules, and carried out the mechanical recycling of this material to use it as a matrix of a biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers. In order to understand thermal degradation, melting point and crystallization point, the recycled material was characterized before and after recycling process by thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and compared with a virgin PP. TGA shows no significant thermal stability loss with PP thermal degradation beginning at 280 oC for virgin PP and 275 oC for capsules and recycled material. DSC shows melting point and crystallization point respectively at 163 oC and 114 oC for virgin PP, 163 oC and 116 oC for capsules and 163 oC and 114 oC for recycled material. These results demonstrate the viability of mechanical recycling of plastic capsules for future reuse in new products.


Ciliary motion in the upper airway is the primary mechanism by which the body transports foreign particulate out of the respiratory system in order to maintain proper respiratory function. The ciliary beating frequency (CBF) is often disrupted with the onset of disease as well as other conditions, such as changes in temperature or in response to drug administration. Current imaging of ciliary motion relies on microscopy and high speed cameras, which cannot be easily adapted to in-vivo imaging. M-mode optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging is capable of visualization of ciliary activity, and phase-resolved Doppler (PRD) algorithm can be integrated to measure the ciliary beating direction and amplitude with nanometer sensitivity. However, since ciliary activity naturally happens on the tissue surface, enface imaging modalities should be more suitable than cross-sectional ones such as OCT. We report on the development of a spectrally encoded interferometric microscopy (SEIM) system using a phase-resolved Doppler (PRD) algorithm to measure and map the ciliary beating frequency within an en face region. This novel high speed, high resolution system allows for visualization of both temporal and spatial ciliary motion patterns with nanometer sensitivity. Rabbit tracheal CBF ranging from 9 to 13 Hz have been observed under different temperature conditions, and the effects of using lidocaine and albuterol have also been measured. This study is the stepping stone to in-vivo studies and the translation of imaging spatial CBF in clinics.


A non-Clifford gate is required for universal quantum computation, and, typically, this is the most error-prone and resource intensive logical operation on an error-correcting code. Small, single-qubit rotations are popular choices for this non-Clifford gate, but certain three-qubit gates, such as Toffoli or controlled-controlled-Z (CCZ), are equivalent options that are also more suited for implementing some quantum algorithms, for instance those with coherent classical subroutines. Here, we calculate error rates and resource overheads for implementing logical CCZ with pieceable fault-tolerance, a non-transversal method for implementing logical gates. We provide a comparison with a non-local magic-state scheme on a concatenated code and a local magic-state scheme on the surface code. We find the pieceable fault-tolerance scheme particularly advantaged over magic states on concatenated codes and in certain regimes over magic states on the surface code. Our results suggest that pieceable fault-tolerance is a promising candidate for fault-tolerance in a near-future quantum computer.


Maintaining the proper temperature of foods that are cooked and then held for later service has always been a concern for the foodservice industry; however, holding the foods over periods of time without losing flavor, texture, taste, and overall quality has proven to have greater implications in the hospitality industry. In this study two types of holding equipment were tested, a temperature containment cabinet and a steam table. Three different food items were used to monitor and measure changes in the temperature and changes in the quality of the foods. All three food items used in testing were meat products. The temperature of food products held over time was measured comparing the results from the two types of equipment, and their ability to maintain temperature. Additionally the study evaluated the sensory qualities of taste, texture, appearance, and overall quality of these foods items at various time intervals from both holding devices.


The article offers updates on medication error issues in the U.S. as of July 2021. Topics covered include education of clinicians about the benefits of reporting errors involving nutrition support therapy and associated devices, a linear bar code required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Barcode Rule that encodes the product's National Drug Code number, and confusion over measuring liquid medication doses using the syringe scale printed on Covidien's Monoject 3-mL enteral syringes.


The double coset representation (DCR) method for combinatorial enumeration is reformulated on the basis of unit subduced cycle indices (USCI-CFs) defined in terms of sphericities of double cosets for cyclic subgroups. Its theoretical framework is in sharp contrast to the original version of the DCR method (S. Fujita, J. Math. Chem., 42, 215– 263 (2007)), in which products of sphericity indices assigned to respective operations are used in place of USCI-CFs. From the viewpoint of methodology, the present version of the DCR method succeeds to that of the markaracter method (S. Fujita, Theor. Chim. Acta, 91, 291–314, 315–332 (1995)), while the original version succeeds to that of the proligand method (S. Fujita, Theor. Chem. Acc., 113, 73–79 (2005)). Thereby, cycle indices with chirality fittingness (CI-CFs) defined by starting from the newly-defined USCI-CFs are used to conduct gross enumeration of 3D-structural isomers. Cubane derivatives with chiral and achiral proligands are counted as 3D structural isomers by relying on a CI-CF based on the new definition.


A new way of normalizing the WKB equation for graded-index optical planar waveguides is presented. It is found that the normalized propagation constant for the guided mode of a waveguide depends only on a single parameter, called the normalized mode order. For each profile shape, the new normalized WKB equation allows a single universal dispersion curve to be obtained that applies to all guided modes under all operating conditions. Examples are given for a number of practical profile shapes. The present approach provides a particularly simple description of the dispersion characteristics of graded-index optical waveguides. >


The HT-29 colon cancer cell line was used in the current work to investigate the anti-cancer efficacy of Gymnema sylvestre extracts. The viability, apoptosis, flow cytometry, and mode of action of the active fraction were also evaluated. The active fractions of G. sylvestre caused cell cycle arrest at the S phase and G2/M phase, and also caused programmed cell death. The alcoholic fractions showed anti-cancer effect in HT-29 cancer cells. By applying methanolic fraction of Gymnema sylvestre to the HT-29 cells, IC50 was observed at 140.39 μg/mL, whereas for chloroform fraction of Gymnema sylvestre showed IC50 at 154.44 μg/mL. The herbal extract for colon cancer treatment may be developed with the help of researchers due to G. sylvestre's anti-cancer properties.


The green chemistry movement has been evolving for well over a decade. The approach is starting to filter down to the analytical laboratory and eventually to the chromatography laboratory. In this installment of "Sample Prep Perspectives," columnist Ron Majors and guest coauthor Douglas Raynie discuss green chemistry and its evolution into chromatography methodology. Solvent substitution and miniaturization are two approaches already underway in reducing the amount of toxic solvent in the laboratory. Approaches on how to measure a method's greenness and examples of green chromatography already being implemented are presented.


This paper shows that the decomposition method with special basis, introduced by Cioranescu and Ouazar, allows one to prove global existence in time of the weak solution for the third grade fluids, in three dimensions, with small data. Contrary to the special case where , studied by Amrouche and Cioranescu, the H 1 norm of the velocity is not bounded for all data. This fact, which led others to think, in contradiction to this paper, that the method of decomposition could not apply to the general case of third grade, complicates substantially the proof of the existence of the solution. We also prove further regularity results by a method similar to that of Cioranescu and Girault for second grade fluids. This extension to the third grade fluids is not straightforward, because of a transport equation which is much more complex.


An automatic water sampling device used to monitor the radioactivity of liquid wastes is described. The sample rate can be varied from 100 cc or less per week to 3,000 cc per hour. The pump is self priming ard requires little maintenance. (J.S.R.)


AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionFinance and Growth, Inequality, and PovertyBanks, growth, inequality, and the poorCross-country evidenceU.S. evidence on finance, growth, inequality, and the poorBanks, markets, and growthFinancial Innovation and GrowthConclusionsReferences


Spatio-temporal shaping of picosecond laser pulses is achieved by cascading a stack of birefringent crystals with a refractive optical system. An optical transport system delivers the beer-can-shaped pulses onto a photocathode located 9m away.


Homelessness is a social problem that represents a challenge for the entire society, therefore policy holders and social welfare systems should have the obligation and responsibility of creating measures for the effective fight against homelessness based on professional and scientific indicators. Croatia still does not have a clear methodology for monitoring the number of homeless people and indicators of homelessness. There is a significant difference in the number of officially registered homeless people in the social welfare system and data from civil society organizations and homeless service providers. The absence of relevant data on the number of homeless people has an effect on the attitude of the profession towards the problem of homelessness and the system for organizing comprehensive care for the homeless. Also, the fact that the homeless were only defined as beneficiaries in the social welfare system for the first time in 2011 indicates that it was a social problem that was not recognized in our society for a long time. Therefore, this work aims to describe and problematize insurance in the social welfare system as a competent system for exercising rights and benefits for combating poverty and organizing the provision of assistance to socially vulnerable persons. The homeless represent one of the most vulnerable social groups, exposed to extreme poverty, risk of social exclusion, prejudice and stigma. The complexity of the problem of homelessness, the individual specificities of the homeless and the difficult access to exercising rights and social services, requires a good knowledge of the problem, sensitization and a highly individualized approach of experts in the social care system. Key words: homelessness; social welfare system; individualized approach


We introduce a dispersionless integrable system which interpolates between the dispersionless Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation and the hyper-CR equation. The interpolating system arises as a symmetry reduction of the anti-self-dual Einstein equations in (2, 2) signature by a conformal Killing vector whose self-dual derivative is null. It also arises as a special case of the Manakov–Santini integrable system. We discuss the corresponding Einstein–Weyl structures.


Oxygen isotopic data are presented for bulk glacial meltwaters draining the Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Valais, Switzerland and for the sulphate contained within them in an attempt to assess the redox status of the subglacial chemical weathering environment. The sulphate derived from subglacial chemical weathering is so depleted in 18O that it must have formed, at least partially, in an anoxic environment. Under these conditions, Fe3+ can act as an oxidizing agent and oxygen atoms incorporated into sulphate are derived from 18O‐depleted water molecules (by contrast, dissolved O2 is strongly enriched in 18O). These data therefore support the hypothesis that sectors of the glacier bed are anoxic and that Fe3+ may act as a significant oxidizing agent under these conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We construct a model of spontaneous CP violation in E6 supersymmetric grand unified theory. In the model, we employ an SU(2)F flavor symmetry and an anomalous U(1)A symmetry. The SU(2)F flavor symmetry is introduced to provide the origin of hierarchical structures of Yukawa coupling and to ensure the universality of sfermion soft masses. The anomalous U(1)A symmetry is introduced to realize the doublet-triplet mass splitting, to provide the origin of hierarchical structures of Yukawa couplings, and to solve the µ problem. In the model, CP is spontaneously broken by the SU(2)F breaking in order to provide a Kobayashi-Maskawa phase and to evade the supersymmetric CP problem. However, a naive construction of the model generally leads to unwanted outcome, Arg[µb � ] = O(1), when CP violating effects in the flavor sector are taken into account. We cure this difficulty by imposing a discrete symmetry and find that this prescription can play additional roles. It ensures that realistic up-quark mass and Cabibbo angle are simultaneously realized without cancellation between O(1) coefficients. Also, severe constraints from the chromo electric dipole moment of the quark can be satisfied without destabilizing the weak scale. The discrete symmetry reduces the number of free parameters, but the model is capable of reproducing quark and lepton mass spectra, mixing @


Based on the vector bender principle of the numerical pipe-bending machine, use PLC and position module to finish the design of bender's control system. Use Mitsubishi 's 20GM and 10GM to finish the position control and speed control, and assure the working accuracy of the numerical bender.


In a residential district, building centralized controllers are used to check the power consumed in each building, and store the data into data memory. Building centralized controller could communicate with filed data collector using CAN bus, as well as with upper computer by GPRS. Considering the data memory and reliability, FM1808 ferroelectric memory is adopted. To enhance the anti-interference ability, some measurements in hardware, such as fiber-electronic coupling, high frequency channel, decoupling capacitors settlement, are taken. Meanwhile, DS12887 is applied to reset microcontroller every 500 ms.


The relationship between doctors and patients has become increasingly intense with the flourshing development of health service.The reasons for medical complaints,the need to standardize the management of medical complaints,and the correct treatment on medical complaints are discussed.Therefore,it provides refenence for improving the quality of medical service and standardizing the process of medical service.


Using meteorological data is fundamental in any site survey for astronomical instruments. As a first step, the analyses of sunshine duration for candidate sites are crucial for remote site survey for solar observing instruments. In western China, some ground-based meteorological stations have collected daily sunshine data from only partial-sky area since they had to be constructed in valley. One aim of this study is to demonstrate the geographical properties of those meteorological stations. Our goal is to investigate the true sunshine durations obtained if the stations are installed at the top of nearby mountain without screen effect. We make use of the three-dimensional geographical data from the Google Earth software and the statistical meteorological data from the National Meteorology Administration and the meteorological stations. All the 76 national basic meteorological observing stations with altitude over 3000 m located in western China are measured. Since astronomical instruments tend to be installed at the top of a mountain, we need to take into account the loss of the sunshine durations in making the remote site survey. Our results, after the compensation, show that the condition of sunshine duration in the Hengduan-Shan Mountains (HSM) area can meet the basic requirement of at least 2500 h yr(-1) for the Chinese Giant Solar Telescope (CGST) site survey.


Atomic clusters attached to a low-dimensional system, called Fano defects, produce rich wave interferences. In this work, we analytically found an enhanced thermoelectric figure-of-merit (Z7) in periodic atomic chains with Fano defects, compared with those without such defects. We further study self-assembled DNA-like systems with periodic and quasiperiodically placed Fano defects by using a real-space renormalization method developed for the Kubo-Greenwood formula, in which tight-binding and Born models are respectively used for the electric and lattice thermal conductivities. The results reveal that the quasiperiodicity could be another Z7"-improving factor, whose long-range disorder inhibits low-frequency acoustic phonons insensitive to local defects.


Abstract In this paper we analyze a class of equations of the form y? (x) = —g(x) xp (y(x)) q where p and q are real parameters satisfying p > _1 , g < _1 and g is a positive and continuous function on [0,1]. We search for positive solutions which satisfy the boundary conditions y'(0)=y(l) = 0. Numerical approximations of the solution are obtained by means of a finite difference scheme and the asymptotic expansion of the discretization error is deduced. Some numerical examples are analyzed.


For the purpose of improving the quality of binary image and restraining its noise,a binary image improving method based on bistable stochastic resonance system was proposed in this paper.Firstly,it re-sampled the image to one-dimension signal according to the row or column and inputted the re-sampled signal to bistable stochastic resonance system. When solving the bistable formula by Euler method or Runge-Kutta method,it retrieved two partial differential coefficients along row and column.Then it calculated the value of neighborhood pixel with the coefficients according to the two dimension Talyor formula.For every pixel,it was calculated 8 times and then integrated to a value with different weights each times to retrieve a gray image.To segmenting the gray image to binary image,it got the final recover result.The experiment results showed that it recovered the heavy noise polluted image in effect and improved the PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) 22.36%to the traditional wiener filter method and 10.8%to the contrast algorithm.


The problem of determining the external force, which is given by the harmonic function of time and acts on a self-oscillating system of general type (Lienard oscillator) is considered. A general method of asymptotic estimation of oscillator velocity and force unknown parameters is proposed. Such problems of estimating the frequency, amplitude, and phase of an external force acting on a mechanical system are reflected in a sufficient number of publications both in past and present times. The reason for this interest lies in the use of appropriate techniques in various theoretical and engineering disciplines, for example, for mechanical systems for converting the kinetic energy of vibrations, in the problems of vibration isolation of periodic components of noise through rotating mechanisms,
to compensate for harmonic disturbances in automatic control algorithms, in adaptive filtering during signal processing, and so on. In principle, the least squares method, Fourier analysis, and Laplace Transform provide a potential solution to the corresponding problems. However, these methods may not be suitable, for example, for control algorithms with real-time data processing.
Despite the relative simplicity of the problem of determining the frequency, amplitude and phase of vibrations, approaches to solving them use a rather complex apparatus of modern methods of Applied Mathematics.
The aim of this paper is to extend the method of synthesis of invariant relations to the problem of determining the parameters of external influence on a mechanical system.
 To obtain asymptotic estimates of the coefficients of external force, the method of invariant relations developed in analytical mechanics is used. Method was intended, in particular, to search for partial solutions (dependencies between variables) in problems of dynamics of rigid body with a fixed point. Modification of this method to the problems of observation theory made it possible to synthesize additional connections between known and unknown quantities of the original system that arise during the movement of its extended dynamic model. The asymptotic convergence of estimates of unknowns to their true value is proved. The results of numerical modeling of the asymptotic estimation process of oscillator velocity and external force parameters for the mathematical pendulum model are presented.


For the HL-LHC upgrade the current ATLAS Inner Detector is replaced by an all-silicon system. The Pixel Detector will consist of 5 barrel layers and a number of rings, resulting in about 14 m2 of instrumented area. Due to the huge non-ionizing fluence (over 2 × 1016 neq/cm) and ionizing dose (larger than 5 MGy), the two innermost layers, instrumented with 3D pixel sensors (L0) and 100 `m thin planar sensors (L1) will be replaced after about 5 years of operation. All hybrid detector modules will be read out by novel ASICs, implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology, with a bandwidth of up to 5 Gb/s. Data will be transmitted optically to the off-detector readout system. To save material in the servicing cables, serial powering is employed for low voltage. Large scale prototyping programmes are being carried out by all sub-systems. This paper will give an overview of the layout and current status of the development of the ITk Pixel Detector.


The recent financial and economic crisis has triggered bold and diverse policy responses to prevent further, sharper and prolonged adverse effects to the financial and the real sector. The measures for alleviating the cycle were a feature both of the advanced and the emerging and developing economies, albeit less pronounced in the latter. The bulk of extraordinary measures undertaken refers to providing monetary and fiscal stimulus, implying possible change within the monetary and the fiscal policy reaction function. Hence, in this study we estimate monetary and fiscal policy reaction function, on a sample of 61 advanced and emerging and developing countries, using panel techniques. Since the purpose is to assess the potential change in the reaction functions during the recent crisis, estimates are done for the period prior and during the crisis. More precisely, we have analyzed whether monetary and fiscal policies have been more focused on closing the output gap during the recent crisis vis-a-vis the period before the crisis. Our findings prove that the magnitude of the reaction has been much stronger during the crisis period. In addition to this key research question, the analysis investigates whether policy responses in the advanced economies have been stronger compared to the ones in developing economies. Advanced economies appear to have been much more aggressive in stabilizing output during crisis compared to their emerging and developing counterparts. Finally, the role of the constraints - the exchange rate regime, the initial conditions in context of external position (the current account balance and the level of external indebtedness), as well as the fiscal space (public debt) - is also explored. We find that the pegged exchange rate regime, the high current account and the high external indebtedness have constrained monetary authorities to respond to inflation and output during crisis, while there is mixed evidence for the constraining role of the high level of public debt to the fiscal policy reaction.


Recent technical advances in the laser cooling and trapping of ions suggest that coherent manipulations of trapped ions will be performed in the not too far future [1]. Apart from various important applications such as quantum information processing or improving high-precision spectroscopy these techniques also allow us to test fundamental concepts of quantum theory. In particular, much deeper insight into the problem of quantum measurement can be obtained. In this Letter we study the problem of building an optimal quantum clock from an ensemble of N ions. To be specific let us assume an ion trap with N two-level ions all in the ground state jCl › j0l › ··· ›j 0 l. This state is an eigenstate of the free Hamiltonian and thus cannot record time. Therefore the first step in building a clock is to bring the system to an initial state ˆ V which is not an energy eigenstate. For instance one can apply a Ramsey pulse whose shape and duration is chosen such that it puts all the ions in the product state ˆ Vprod › ˆ r › ··· › ˆ r ;


Hatchery-reared seeds provides a key source of animal protein for human consumption and restocking for fishery management. For stock enhancement program, we have inspected the hatchery-reared seeds of 33 species in 2009, 44 species in 2010, 43 species in 2011 and 46 species in 2012 for legally designated diseases. Results showed that abalone was the most abundant in the marine species group and then sea cucumber, olive flounder, rockfish and swimming crab were followed. Crucian carp was the most abundant and then mandarin fish, Korean bullhead, melanian snail and Chinese mitten crab were followed in the freshwater species group. The number of inspection for black sea bream, rock bream, scorpionfish, black scraper, and eel has continuously decreased for four years. The inspection for flathead mullet has been carried out only in 2009. The total number of inspection cases for eight pathogens in this study were 8,476 and disqualification cases were 56 (0.67%) by detection of aquatic animals pathogens such as koi herpesvirus, white spot syndrome virus, red sea bream iridovirus or viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus.


Lunar missions are reported which have returned a variety of different types of breccias. These rocks differ greatly in their mechanisms of formation, source materials, and histories after formation; but all are related in that all were generated by impact processes. The impact processes involved in the formation of several major types of breccias are discussed. Some types that may have originated in large impacts are identified. Such breccias are extremely important. The impacts that formed them penetrated deeply into, and perhaps through the lunar crust and brought up materials that had previously experienced little or no impact modification. Detailed studies of such breccias can permit partial reconstruction of their preimpact source terranes and yield information on the nature of the early lunar crust (and possibly the upper mantle as well).


Nurse educators have developed a variety of techniques for evaluating the clinical performance of nursing students. Emphasis has been on improving the validity and reliability of evaluations; however, in the process, intuition and judgment have been devalued. This article describes intuition and proposes objectives to foster understanding and development of intuitive thinking processes. Nurse educators are encouraged to develop intuitive thinking in themselves and their students and to value personal judgment in the evaluative process.


The main purpose of this paper is to present common mistakes in running Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) project by using case study. New practitioners with petite knowledge are having a high tendency to perform simple mistakes in conducting PDCA project. The study focused on the projects conducted by Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) manufacturing students as approaches. The mistakes are collected during the project presentation and finalized by the Lean Six Sigma (LLS) experts. A questionnaire survey was sent to LSS experts to rate the high impact mistakes according to their experiences and knowledge. In total, there are 12 mistakes listed coverall to all PDCA phases. Five mistakes are highlighted as high impact mistakes according to 80-20 rules of Pareto. The findings emphasize some ideas that might help new practitioner to avoid such mistakes. However, the case study presented only focus on the mistakes in project conducted by university students not a practitioner in industries.


Dr. William P. Fenn is General Secretary of the United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia (formerly United Board for Christian Colleges in China). Ha was an educational missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. and Head of the Department of Foreign Languages at the University of Nanking from 1925 to 1942. From 1942 to 1949 he served as Director of the China Office of the United Board for Christian Colleges in China, and then returned to the U. S. A. He has travelled widely over Asia in the interests of Christian higher education. Ed.


Bridge construction progress management is critical to project management, quality supervision and risk control. This research presents a method of management the progress of bridge construction with a mixture of panorama and oblique photogrammetry. Firstly, the panoramic images of the bridge construction site were obtained by using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Secondly, the panoramic images were processed by oblique photography measurement technology, and the 3D real models of the bridge construction site were established. Finally, the visualization management platform of bridge construction progress was established to support the management and analysis of bridge construction progress. Taking the construction management of the Zhuankou Yangtze River Bridge in Wuhan as an example, the construction progress management was carried out by using this method. The result shows that the method is simple and feasible and has wide application prospect in large-scale construction.


This paper tries to find a possibility for North Korea to break its non-compliance history for international agreements after the historical summit between the leaders of the US and North Korea. This research starts with an assumption that the main purpose of North Korea's nuclear weapons is as a tool to secure regime security. Thus, the hypothesis is whether any state other than North Korea (NK) can guarantee its regime security especially against any internal challenge. In this respect, the role of China seems to be bigger than that of the US with respect to overcoming the dilemma. China has a successful history of controlling democratic movements while securing a one party control system. This will give some clues to NK about how to solve the authoritarian dilemma. In this sense, the role of China is expected to be critical in the area of internal regime security in addition to the economic realm. The real concern, however, is whether the relationship between the two states has been so robust for China to be a security guarantor to Kim's regime. As a whole, it is very big challenge for Kim Jong-un to find a North Korean Model that delivers economic prosperity and overcomes the authoritarian dilemma at the same time.


A quantitative study of the axial and tangential components of the mean velocity in a 3″-hydrocyclone using laser doppler anemometry has revealed multiple reverse flows in the vortex core. Flow visualization by dye injection shows that these flows are coherent over a significant portion of the hydrocyclone and that little radial mixing occurs between these secondary flows and the outer helical flow. A 2:1 contraction in the vortex finder plays an important role in causing four distinct simultaneous countercurrent flows in the conical section of the hydrocyclone.


The "Valley of Roses" (the lower valley of the Assif Mgoun, and a part of the Dades Valley), is a tourist destination being developped around a local specificity : the culture of Damascus rose. But although highly mediatized, especially through advertising brochures, the rose plays a minor role in the tourist activity, despite the efforts of the hotel managers and other local actors, travel agencies and public authorities. The rose mainly serves as of an original and catchy image for the region, which is reinforced by an annual 3-day festival, but nobody really tries to develop real activities centered on the rose. Therefore, the tourist destination per se hardly emerges, and tourists just pass by along their route towards more famous areas. The « country of the rose » is still to be invented.


In this work we consider two methods for joint single-image super-resolution and image partitioning. The proposed approaches rely on a constrained and on an unconstrained version of the inverse Potts model where an (cid:96) 0 regularization prior on the image gradient is used for promoting piecewise constant solutions. For the numerical solution of both models, we provide a unified implementation based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). Upon suitable assumptions on both model operators and on the algorithmic parameters involved, we show that all the ADMM subproblems admit closed-form solutions, thus making the resulting algorithms computationally very cheap even when high-dimensional data are considered. Numerical details of the implementation of both models are given and several experiments are carried out on both synthetic and natural images to underline the accuracy and the computational efficiency of the models. source code, the code online documentation and the online demo are available from the web page of this article 1 . Compilation and usage instruction are included in the README.txt file of the archive.


We propose and demonstrate a flexible, scalable and high capacity multistage LAD architecture for PONs which provides WDM traffic in both directions. It's fully symmetric operating at 2.5 Gbps and capable of broadcasting complete video band.


Abstract : A review of a new method to measure oxygen equilibrium binding to hemoglobin solutions by rapid-scanning spectrophotometry is presented. State-of- the-art technologies are reviewed and compared. The new method is based on rapid-scanning spectrophotometry that is used to resolve directly unique optical transitions during continuous hemoglobin oxygenation. Mathematical techniques for matrix multicomponent analysis and singular value decomposition (SVD) are described, and spectral artifacts that are resolved by these sensitive techniques are discussed. Hemoglobin-oxygen binding, Rapid-scanning spectrophotometry, Singular value decomposition.


Submitted for the MAR16 Meeting of The American Physical Society Photon-induced phase transitions of individual electronic phase separated domains in manganites strips HANXUAN LIN, KAI ZHANG, HAO LIU, TIAN MIAO, YANG YU, LIFENG YIN1, JIAN SHEN2, Fudan University — Effective photosensors should be built on materials whose properties depend sensitively on light. Manganites are one of the candidates, where light can trigger resistivity change by several orders of magnitude. Such dramatic change is often associated with photoinduced phase transitions of electronic phase separated (EPS) domains in manganites. Previous studies of the light effect all use macroscopic manganite samples, which consist of large numbers of EPS domains smearing out the photon-induced phase transitions. Here, we observe the signature of individual domains' photoinduced phase transition by macroscopic transport measurement of spatially confined manganites strips. Pronounced photon-induced resistivity jumps emerge in the warming process, which reveals the dynamics of the phase transitions of individual EPS domains upon interaction with light. Magnetic force microscope (MFM) has been used to investigate the mechanism of those resistivity jumps. 1Supervisor 2Supervisor Hanxuan Lin Fudan University Date submitted: 03 Nov 2015 Electronic form version 1.4


Drought-stress limits white clover (Trifolium repens L.) persistence in many New Zealand regions. As a component of breeding for enhanced drought tolerance, 8 selection groups (110 lines in total) of white clover were evaluated in the Wairarapa over a 2-year period. The selection groups included Australian white clover ecotypes, selections from New Zealand dryland populations, root morphology selections, pre-release selections from New Zealand breeding programmes, and existing overseas and New Zealand cultivars. The selection groups derived from New Zealand dryland populations had the highest forage yield and plant survival, 21 of the 24 individual lines with >30% plant survival coming from these groups. Groups containing Australian ecotypes and overseas cultivars had the lowest forage yield and plant survival. Selections for root morphology per se were lower yielding and less persistent than selections made from New Zealand dryland populations evaluated in drought-prone environments. However, some improvements in forage yield and persistence were observed through selecting for root morphology after screening the same New Zealand dryland populations in a drought-prone North Canterbury site.


The article discusses the system of punishments used in Sparta for two offenses: for refusing to marry and for cowardice shown in battle. Ancient authors, especially Xenophon and Plutarch, give a list of punishments for these offenses. In court, the perpetrators were deprived of many of the rights directly related to the status of full citizens. Extrajudicial punishments were mostly spectacular and took place in public places. Spartan youth played a special role in the persecution of bachelors and so-called tremblers as the two main categories to be punished. However, the few testimonies that have come down to us do not make it possible to determine how often punishments for refusing to marry and for cowardice in battle were applied and how exactly they were formalised in practice. The almost complete absence in the tradition of specific examples of their application leads to the conclusion that the picture drawn by ancient authors does not fully correspond to reality. This is what Spartan propaganda wanted to present to the outside world. The writers-laconophiles, like Critias or Xenophon, in turn, used this material to create an ideal image of Sparta.


Power quality describes the quality of voltage and current. It is an important consideration in industries and commercial applications. Power quality problems commonly faced are transients, sags, swells, surges, outages, harmonics and impulses [1]. Among these voltage sags and extended under voltages have large negative impact on industrial productivity, and could be the most important type of power quality variation for many industrial and commercial customers [1-5].


The present study examined the association of gender-role orientation to creative accomplishments and cognitive styles. One hundred and twenty-seven college students completed the Artistic and Scientific Activities Survey (Guastello, 1991), the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, 1974), and the Bem Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1974). Three different gender-role orientations were examined: instrumentality (agenic, stereotypically masculine), expressiveness (communal, stereotypically feminine), and androgynous (high levels of instrumental and expressive characteristics). Results indicated that instrumentality was positively associated with creative accomplishments in the business venture domain and that androgynous, versus nonandrogynous, individuals were more creatively productive in the domains of literature, theater, and video-photography. Instrumentality was also positively associated with the six hats cognitive style, which is a measure of cognitive flexibility, and the six hats style was marginally significantly associated with androgyny. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are considered.


First described in 1956, Castleman's disease (CD) is an uncommon and poorly understood lymphoproliferative disorder, which can present as a solitary lesion or diffuse disease, and may present with no symptoms or a host of systemic symptoms [1]. Herein, we present a patient with unicentric mediastinal Castleman's disease managed by surgical resection with complete resolution of systemic symptoms.


The development of the city's public transport system has an indispensable role to alleviate the pressure of urban roads. Bus travel time reliability is an important evaluation index of the bus operation service level. The simulation of bus travel time helps us understand the reliability of bus running time. In this paper, we use Monte Carlo stochastic simulation method to calculate the reliability of bus travel time. On this basis, we establish a model of the reliability of public transportation systems to research the reliability of bus travel time.


Seabirds are a major top marine predator and in large numbers, can play a large role in nutrient cycling between land and sea. Understanding the relationship between seabird distribution across the ocean and factors such as productivity and distance from land can help us to understand the area of this nutrient flow, and to predict where seabirds may influence marine systems. This project strove to understand the effect of productivity on population size and distance traveled from land in two central Pacific seabird communities. One hundred and eighty-two 10-minute observations, recording the number and type of seabirds seen, were carried out on a cruise track between 19 degrees north and 2 degrees north. This cruise track passed from the Hawaiian Islands to the Line Islands. Forty-eight sea surface water samples were also analyzed for chlorophyll-a concentration. Results show that the Line Islands are surrounded by much more productive waters than the Hawaiian Islands, and as such support a much larger and more diverse seabird community. In addition, the Line Islands seabirds travel less far from land, on average, to forage. This suggests that there is a relationship between productivity and foraging distance. The Line Islands supported a seabird community dominated by terns and boobies, whereas the Hawaiian Islands community was dominated by shearwaters and petrels, a group with much lower cost of traveling. These results suggest that the more productive Line Islands system is receiving more nutrients from seabirds, but from a much smaller ocean area than the Hawaiian Islands. Introduction: Birds are endothermic organisms, and therefore have an inherently high energetic cost of living. In tropical waters, foraging seabirds have to meet their energetic demands in oligotrophic waters, where areas of high productivity are patchy and ephemeral. By looking at some of the factors that may influence and limit tropical seabirds during foraging, this project strives to understand their pelagic distribution in the central Pacific Ocean. The factors that will be examined include the availability of prey (productivity) and the distance from land that seabirds have to travel to get this prey. Many seabirds feed primarily on flying fish and Ommastrephid squid (Le Corre 1997, Harrison et al. 1983, Schreiber et al. 2005, Au 1986). The two most important factors influencing how far a seabird must fly to feed are the availability and accessibility of this prey. In this case, availability and accessibility are two very different things. Prey is available if it exists in a certain location, such as in productive waters. "Productive" waters are those that contain a high concentration of chlorophyll, which is a proxy for primary productivity, or phytoplankton biomass. The phytoplankton feed small zooplankton which feed larger zooplankton which in turn feed the flying fish and squid that seabirds eat. More productive waters may support greater densities of prey, so seabirds may be more efficient at feeding there and productive waters may support higher densities of seabirds. However, these prey items are only available if they are near the surface, because pelagic seabirds cannot dive deep as a result of their wing structure, which supports efficient long-distance flying but not deep diving (Burger et al. 1980, Haney and Stone 1988, Weimerskirch et al. 2005). Those seabirds capable of traveling far out to sea only have access to the top few meters of the sea surface (Le Corre 1997, Au and Pitman 1986). Seabirds, like boobies and frigatebirds, are often found feeding in association with underwater predators, such as tuna, dolphins, and occasionally whales. The feeding behavior of these marine predators scares fish and squid to the surface, where seabirds can access them (Harrison 1990, Weimerskirch et al. 2003). We predict that prey (flying fish and squid) are going to be available in areas of high productivity, because that is where their prey is concentrated. We also predict, then, that the highest concentrations of seabirds will exist in areas of relatively high productivity. Indeed, studies have shown that seabirds congregate at areas of high productivity (Weimerskirch et al. 2005). Spear et al. (2001) reported that the foraging distribution of piscivorous seabirds is influenced entirely by feeding tuna. Harrison (1990) supports this idea, saying that "tuna birds [those seabirds associated with tuna] rarely feed in the absence of tuna and may depend on them for survival." If seabirds do in fact rely on marine predators in order to access their prey, this has enormous implications for the future of marine ecosystems, on a grand scale. Top predator populations worldwide, including tuna, are plummeting as a result of severe over-fishing (among other things) (B. Block, personal communication). If seabirds rely on tuna to feed, then diminishing underwater marine predator populations could also mean a severe decline in piscivorous seabird populations. Because most tropical seabirds reproduce "opportunistically," or only when their foraging efficiency is high enough to support a body other than their own (Simmons 1967), a decline in marine predators could mean a decline in seabird fecundity and recruitment. Indeed, the Birds of North America species account for Red-footed Boobies notes that booby populations around the world are diminishing, as are those of most other tropical seabirds (Schreiber et al. 2005). This study hopes to investigate the extent of the relationship between seabirds and feeding marine predators. We have discussed the important factors affecting a seabird's choices when foraging on the open ocean. Given this information, we predict to find seabirds foraging preferentially in productive waters, wherever they may occur across the ocean, and most often in concert with underwater predators. There is just one crucial factor left to consider: distance from land. Many seabirds, including boobies, do not spend the night at sea. They rely on land for sleeping and breeding. The foraging range of such centralplace foragers is limited by the distance they can travel out to sea and back during a typical 12-hour foraging period (Harrison 1990, Weimerskirch et al. 2005). The farther out to sea the bird has to fly to forage, the more expensive it is to forage there. As a result, the range of such central-place foragers should be restricted to a circle with the island as its center. The second aim of this study is to find out just how large this foraging circle is for birds based in Hawaii and on the Line Islands. Birds living in more productive areas should not fly as far to feed, because they should be able to find sufficient food closer to shore. Hyrenbach et al. (2006) demonstrated that the distribution of some seabirds (terns and shearwaters) was more strongly associated with distance from land than ocean productivity. Due to the energetic constraints, it is obvious that distance from land probably plays a significant role in determining where central-place foragers can go to feed. Seabirds are a major marine top predator, and in large numbers can have a substantial effect on the pelagic ecosystems where they feed. Understanding what factors effect their distribution can help us to predict where they will be found, and to better understand and manage the ocean. Because seabirds forage and obtain their energy from the ocean, but roost, sleep, and nest on land, they are also an important nutrient and energy link between land and sea. Seabirds extract energy from the sea and then deposit nutrients on land, in the form of guano, their own dead bodies, or scavenged eggs. Because of this link, it is important to consider seabirds when studying the nutrient and energy cycles of islands. This study aims to determine how far out to sea seabirds forage, which can help to determine the true area of such island nutrient cycles. There have been very few ship-based studies of seabirds in tropical waters (Weimerskirch et al. 2005). This study hopes to begin to fill this gap by setting sail with a few questions in mind: How are seabird groups distributed across the Central Pacific Ocean with respect to distance from land, productivity, and association with marine predators? How does the radius of the foraging circle from an island change with productivity? We hope to answer these questions via daily observations during a southbound cruise from Hawaii (18 degrees north latitude) to the Line Islands (2 to 5 degrees north latitude) between May 10 and May 31, 2007. We expect to find the most seabirds close to land and/or in productive waters, due to the energetic constraint of traveling far out to sea. We expect that birds will forage as close to land as they can.


In an optical computing the use of optical clocks can regulate the proper operation sequence of various switching elements. In this context the properties of frequency locked oscillations of an induced absorber in a ring cavity are discussed.


In order to detect faults in chemical industry process effectively, a nonlinear dynamic fault detection method using DAutoencoder is proposed. Correlation analysis is applied firstly to establish autoregressive model. Then weights of Auto encoder can be obtained by improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm. Meanwhile, the least square method is used to prune nodes every layer to simplifying network structure. Features of training sample and reconstruction residuals can be extracted by DAutoencoder. Monitoring statistic is developed and confidence limit is computed by kernel density estimation at last. According to correlation between measured variables and nonlinear features, the contribution of each variable is calculated to give contribution plots. Simulation results of Tennessee Eastman (TE) process show that DAutoencoder-based method is more effective than KPCA (Kernel Principal Component Analysis) for process monitoring, and it can also realize fault identification.


Types of failure such as bowing, increased surface absorption, and loss of strength can frequently be observed on facades even a few years after installation of crystalline calcite marble is used. The investigation discussed evaluated the process taking place in the structure of marble that lead to such damage. By means of a dilatometer the anisotropic thermal expansion of a coarse-grained marble type was measured systematically under temperatures between 20 and 200°C. The thermal expansion coefficient α amounted to between 15±2·10\u–\u6 K\u–¹ and 0±2·10\u–\u6 K\u–¹, depending on the orientation of the specimens, thus showing an extremely pronounced anisotropy. Special attention was paid to residual dilatation in the marble specimens that remained after the first heating-cooling cycle of the individual specimen (hysteresis). The dilatometric measurements were compared with investigations of acoustic emission (AE), which were carried out during the dilatometric measurements. These AE measurements provided information about the phase in the heating-cooling cycle during which the marble structure was damaged most by microcracks at the grain boundaries. The results proved that measuring AE signals is a suitable method of determining and analyzing thermal microfracturing of marble.


A data warehouse is designed for answering decision making queries. These queries are usually long, complex and exploratory in nature and involve aggregates over a large number of dimensions. As a result, the processing time for such queries, against a continuously growing data warehouse, is high. This problem can be addressed by materialising views over a data warehouse. This paper presents a query answering view selection algorithm QAVSA that considers the size and query answering capability of views to select the top-K views for materialisation from a multi-dimensional lattice. The views selected using QAVSA are likely to be beneficial both with respect to their size and their ability to answer decision making queries. Further, experimental results show that QAVSA, in comparison to the well known greedy algorithm HRUA, is able to efficiently select views that can provide answers to greater number of queries. This in turn would facilitate decision making.


Phenalinolactones are novel terpene glycoside antibiotics produced by Streptomyces sp. Tü6071. Inactivation of three oxygenase genes (plaO2, plaO3 and plaO5), two dehydrogenase genes (plaU, plaZ) and one putative acetyltransferase gene (plaV) led to the production of novel phenalinolactone derivatives (PL HS6, PL HS7, PL HS2 and PL X1). Furthermore, the exact biosynthetic functions of two enzymes were determined, and their in vitro activities were demonstrated. PlaO1, an FeII/α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase, is responsible for the key step in γ‐butyrolactone formation, whereas PlaO5, a cytochrome P450‐dependent monooxygenase, catalyses the 1‐C‐hydroxylation of phenalinolactone D. In addition, stable isotope feeding experiments with biosynthetic precursors shed light on the origin of the carbons in the γ‐butyrolactone moiety.


The present investigation was undertaken as a pilot study to examine the diversity and occurrence of dragonflies and damselflies belonging to the order Odonata from Gandheswari River Bank and adjoining fields and cultivated lands in Bankura District of West Bengal, India during January 2014 to December 2014. A combination of direct search and opportunistic sighting methods were applied during the present study to record 58 different Odonata species comprising of 39 dragonflies and 19 damselflies. Among the dragonflies the most diverse family was Libellulidae represented by 30 species while among damselflies Coenagrionidae was recorded as the most diverse family represented by 13 species. However, increasing pollution in River Gandheswari, conversion of land use pattern along with increasing urbanization is causing fragmentation, degradation and loss of habitat types, may be / are affecting biodiversity and needs serious attention from the concerned authorities most urgently. The present study was the first attempt to make a checklist of Odonates from Gandheswari River bank and adjoining regions and further investigations are needed to portray a comprehensive picture of Odonate diversity from this region.


This paper mainly deals with the relations among mysis、 Polydora ligni larva (PLL) copepod and zoea of chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) during the crab larvae rearing period in ecological way.The results showed that the zoea survival and metamorphosis rates of the crab reduced significantly when the mysis was at density of 3 ind /L.Destruction to zoea caused by PLL increased along with the increase of density.PLL was seriously harmful to the metamorphosis of Z 1(metamorphosis rate is 40%,80% in control group) The rate of Z ' 1s metamorphosis was about 30% without rotifers.Z 1 was able to eat the PLL whose length is less than 0 4mm Z 5 can eat any sizes of PLL instead of being eaten by PLL So we can handle and take advantage of PLL under certain conditions.The copepod mainly interferes in the metamorphosis of zoea and causes crab larvae death.The metamorphosis rate of Z 1 was only 25% when the density of copepod was upwards to 500 ind /L.Because the copepod was the natural food of Z 4 and Z 5,we should control its density(100 ind /L)during rearing incipiency (Z 1~Z 2)


One of the main challenges when designing constraint based systems in general and those involving temporal constraints in particular, is the ability to deal with conditional constraints and composite variables. Indeed, in this particular case the set of variables involved by the constraint problem to be solved is not known in advance. More precisely, while some variables (called initial variables) are available in the initial problem, others are added dynamically to the problem during the resolution process via activity constraints and composite variables. Activity constraints allow some variables to be activated (added to the problem) when activity conditions are true. Composite variables are variables whose values are the possible variables each composite variable can take. We propose a method based on constraint propagation for solving efficiently constraint problems involving numeric and symbolic temporal constraints, composite variables and activity constraints. We call these latter problems conditional and composite temporal constraint satisfaction problems (CCTCSPs). Experimental evaluation conducted on randomly generated CCTCSPs demonstrates the efficiency of our method to solve these problems especially when using the forward check strategy during the search.


Multi-functional scouring agent TF-120E is applied to pretreatment of cotton terry cloth instead of sodium hydroxide,complex dispersant and peroxide bleaching stabilizer.The semi-finished products feature similar capillary and better whiteness compared with those of traditional process.Deoxidizing should be carried out in time after pretreatment to reduce strength loss.Substitution alkali TF-221B is used in dyeing with dosage of 1/10~1/8 of sodium carbonate,and high color fastness fixing agent is used to meet the higher requirement of color fastness.Low yellowing softener TF-440E can impart terry cloth soft handle,hydrophilic and anti-yellowing properties.


The first NHC-palladium-catalyzed regioselective oxyarylation of oxime ether in task-specific ionic liquid via C(sp3)-O and C(sp2)-O bond cleavage of two different type ethers for the assembly of structurally diverse 4-arylisoxazoles...


A cost-benefit analysis is conducted on the double-hull requirements for oil tankers in United States' waters contained in the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990. The benefits of reduced spillage are compared with the increased construction and operations costs of double-hulled vessels. In the most probable scanario, the expected benefits are only 20% of the expected costs. Double-hulls do not even show a positive net present value with the most favorable assumptions. Even if double-hulls prevent all of the spillage that occurs due to collisions and groundings, and that the damage per gallon spilled is as extensive as in the 'Exxon Valdez' incident, the benefits are under half of the costs.


Citation patterns between 42 journals in economics from 1995 to 1997 are examined, plus between economics and anthropology, political science, psychology, sociology and five business disciplines. Building on social network theory, we identify a hierarchical organization of journals in economics and seven journal clusters. Major citation flows are found from all areas of economics to the general interest and theory and method clusters, but not the other way around. Economics emerges as a significant source of interdisciplinary knowledge for the other social sciences and business. However, no area of economics appears to build substantially on insights from its sister disciplines.


An inchworm system with a new type of clamping mechanism has been made for a coarse positioner in a scanning tunneling microscope. The clamping mechanism operates by means of springs and piezoelectric actuators. This system can move a probe tip transversely and longitudinally in the horizontal plane, and the sample vertically, in steps, with a range of 8 mm in each direction.


Stunting is not caused by just one factor, but by multifactors including non-exclusive breast milk at the age of the first six months of a baby's life, premature birth, households with low socioeconomic status, short baby length at birth, short mother, Low maternal education and poor sanitation are also at high risk of experiencing stunting. Excess or insufficient nutritional status in pregnant women poses a risk to pregnancy and child health. Lack of nutrients in the mother during pregnancy and in children in early life will have a negative impact in the long term, which can cause damage to brain development, inhibit physical growth, and be more susceptible to infection and disease. It is important for a pregnant woman to drink blood booster for at least 90 days during pregnancy, because the baby in the womb needs nutrients and folic acid which are important for the growth and development of the fetus and prevent birth defects. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Randusari Village, the Working Area of the Pagerbarang Health Center, Tegal Regency. This research method is analytic using a cross-sectional approach and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. The results of his research showed that there was a relationship between a history of nutritional status of pregnant women and the incidence of stunting in children under five with a p-value <α (0.05)


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This study analyzes the Influence of Independent Commissioners, Institutional Ownership and Audit Committees on the Integrity of Financial Statements in Mining Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020. Multiple linear regression analysis in this research is used to determine the effect of the independent variables, namely the Independent Commissioner, Institutional Ownership and the Audit Committee on the dependent variable, namely the Integrity of Financial Statements. From the population of 158 mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period, using the purposive sampling method, 14 sample companies were obtained and 70 observers passed the criteria. The data used is the annual report of each sample company published through www.idx.co.id. The results showed that the Independent Commissioner had no effect on the Integrity of Financial Statements, Institutional Ownership had no effect on the Integrity of Financial Statements and the Audit Committee had a significant effect on the Integrity of Financial Statements.


Background: Fractures of the neck or femur are among the most serious surgical problems affecting older groups. These fractures constitute a large burden on families and society due to the inability to stand and walk. Objectives were to compare the functional outcomes of unipolar (Austin-Moore) versus uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in displaced fractures neck femur among these active elderly patients.
Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out at NITOR, Dhaka, Bangladesh in total 60 patients. Among them, 30 patients were treated with unipolar and 30 patients were treated with fenestrated bipolar prosthesis through a lateral approach.
Results: There was no significant age difference between the two groups. Regarding the functional outcome, 6 (20%) patients in the unipolar group and 11 (36.67%) patients in the bipolar group had excellent outcomes. About the same number of patients had good outcomes 36.67% in the unipolar and 43.33% in the bipolar group; the fair and poor outcome was more in the unipolar group than the bipolar group. So, the final outcome after 6 months of operation, 57.57% of patients had satisfactory results in the unipolar group whereas 80% of patients had satisfactory results in the bipolar group. The average Harris hip score was 77.14±14.58 in the unipolar group and 84.63±10.15 in the bipolar group and the p=0.01 which is below 0.05. So, the result is statistically significant.
Conclusions: Uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty with a fenestrated stem can give better functional outcomes for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures in active elderly patients compared to Austin-Moore prostheses.


In this study we demonstrate for the first time that magnetic films with a complex crystal structure, such as hexagonal barium ferrite BaFe12O19, can be successfully fabricated in aqueous solutions at 60 °C by the liquid phase deposition method (LPD). Highly uniform films with a variable thickness were deposited on (001) Si substrates at 60 °C and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and magnetic force microscopy. As expected, the as-deposited films are amorphous and consist of a mixture of metal oxide/oxyhydroxide intermediates which can be converted into the desired hexagonal barium ferrite phase upon heat treatment at 950 °C in air. The molar ratio of the metal cations in the treatment solution was found to play a crucial role on the composition of the films, with chemically pure BaFe12O19 films forming in solution when the Fe3+/Ba2+ molar ratio is n = 11. The films are constructed by close-packed spheroidal particles and have out-of-plane coercive fields whi...


The study was conducted to evaluate and assessed the evident of awareness of beneficiaries on the School on Air (SOA) program on Halal Goat Production of the Department of Agriculture – Maguindanao, BARMM.  It was conducted in the province of Maguindanao, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. Specifically, it covered six (5) municipalities with one hundred eighty (100) goat raisers who also participated in the Halal Small Ruminant School on the Air Program.
Results showed that majority of the respondents/goat raisers have high level of awareness on the Halal Goat program based on their responses to the different survey parameters. Many of them also disclosed that thru Halal goat school on the air program their knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSA) were enhanced and improved.On the other hand, some of the respondents also observed some gaps and issues in the program implementation, however, they also indicated recommendations for the improvement of future programming. Among them were, use of bilingual in the delivery of relevant information, especially to the rural farmers, regular monitoring of DA technical experts/personnel to their farms and careful use of the word "halal" which, according to them, must be supported by corresponding verses from the holy Quran whenever possible.


In this study, we observed changes in the physical properties of norbornene dialkyl ester applied to a PVC. The PVC specimens were prepared by blending PVC, norbornene dialkyl ester and stabilizers. Then, the hardness, tensile strength, elongation, tearing strength, transmittancy, haze and yellowness index of these specimens were measured, and were compared with DOP. The hardness of compounds except dicyclohexyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate (DCHN) were an equal to or higher than that of DOP. The tearing strength and tensile characteristic of DCHN could not be analyzed due to its high hardness. Tensile properties such as the tensile strength and elongation were improved for six compounds except diisononyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate (DINN). All compounds measured showed better tearing strength and transmittancy than those of DOP. Also all norbornene derivatives except DDN showed good haze indices. The yellowness index of DON and DPN showed similar values as DOP.


Studies of Chinese military history and thought often quote a maxim found in the Zuo zhuan (Cheng 13) to the effect that "the great affairs of state reside in sacrifice and in war" (guo zhi da ski zai si yu rong^£_j\l$ Most such studies assume that this statement entails a parallel evaluation of "sacrifice" and "war." In fact, however, the statement seems only indirectly to concern "war," the word rong in this context referring instead to the "war sacrifices" held upon the departure of troops going out on campaign. The statement comes in a passage describ ing the preparations for an attack on the state of Qin ^ by an alliance led by Jin ff. One of the allies, Cheng Su Gong J?5c is described as "disrespectful in his receipt of the raw flesh at the earth altar" (shou shen yu she bu jing §11 One of the other allies, Liu Kang Gong M Iff 4a, predicts that because of this Cheng Su Gong will not return from the campaign, explaining his prediction with the following meditation on two contrasting approaches to life:


For a system of indistinguishable fermions with pairwise interactions, we consider renormalized, perturbative expansions for the three- and four-particle propagators ~Green's functions ! in terms of exact one-particle propagators, along with a pair interaction that may be bare ~as it appears in the Hamiltonian! or dressed ~polarized!. Care is taken to provide a rigorous foundation for the diagrammatic representations of these perturbation series; in particular, it is demonstrated how each topologically distinct diagram represents an embedding ~in three-dimensional space! of numerous separate terms in the perturbation series. Within a renormalized ladder approximation for the three- and four-particle propagators, we derive diagram weights ~which differ from the two-particle diagram weights! in order to limit the perturbation series to topologically distinct, permutationally independent diagrams. These results lay the foundation for perturbative approximations that decouple the propagator and density matrix equations of motion. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.052502