Abstract The modern physico-chemical, spectroscopic and biochemical methods have proved an important tool to elucidate the constitution of reactive transition metal compounds. This article presents a brief account of the synthesis and stereochemistry of dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes of fluoroimines. The mononuclear complexes were obtained by bimolar reactions of dioxobis(2, 4-pentanedionato-O, O′)molybdenum(VI) with the monobasic bidentate fluoroimines containing N⌢S and N⌢O as the binding sites. Based on chemical analyses, IR and NMR spectra, conductance measurements and molecular weight determinations an octahedral geometry has been assigned to the newly synthesized products. The possibility of potential uses of these complexes as fungicides and bactericides, studied in vitro are also discussed. Referee I: J. M. Boncella Referee II: K. Moedritzer


Raja Rao's The Chessmaster and His Moves first appeared in the year 1988 and in the same year it was awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature. Raja Rao, at the ripe age of ninety plus was revising the next two volumes of the Chessmaster Trilogy. This book itself contains three books spread over 700 odd pages.Raja Rao expressed his metaphysical quest in his novels, The Serpent and the Rope and Cat and Shakespeare. This quest continues in this novel also. These novels can be termed 'Metaphysical Novels'. In a metaphysical novel issues dealing with philosophy, religion and mysticism are given importance, though the fictional framework is retained in the background. Raja Rao's project is to show the viability of a world view – Advaita Vedanta. More specifically, it is a tradition of wisdom exemplified in the Vedas and Vedanta, which was later systematized and popularized by the great Sankara and into which Raja Rao was initiated by his Guru, Sri Atmananda. The latter's method was to show that under all circumstances at all times, the only reality, the only truth was the Absolute. Raja Rao's purpose is to show that nothing else, no one else but the Guru, can remove the dukkha or sorrow that seems to permeate throughout human life. For the author, the major philosophical sources are the absolute monism of Sri Ramana Maharishi and the Sunyavada of the Buddhist philosopher, Nagarjuna. This paper analyses Raja Rao's quest.


Abstract Regionalism is experiencing a global resurgence as countries grapple with issues such as coordination problems, economic inequality, racial tensions, and environmental degradation. Nations are exploring various regional entities as potential solutions to these challenges. However, despite the growing prominence of regions, they remain undertheorized. While extensive research has been conducted on national and local governments, regions have often been treated as either state-like or locality-like, or as ad-hoc remedies for the limitations of both. This article seeks to complicate this perspective and present the initial stages of a theory of regions. By examining the case study of the Cities' Union in Israel and tracing its historical origins and legal evolution into multipurpose regional clusters, the article uncovers valuable theoretical insights about regions. First, it argues that just as "the local" and "the national" mutually shape one another, "the local" and "the regional" too are interdependent concepts, each definition relying on the other. The existence of a third concept—the regional—is crucial, making this a conceptual triad rather than a dyad. Second, the article highlights that legal institutions such as interlocal cooperations and special-purpose governments (SPGs) are not inherently local or regional but can be perceived as either depending on historical and political contingencies. The conceptualization and concrete manifestations of local and regional forms are subject to political concerns and ideological commitments, extending beyond mere technical or functional considerations. Lastly, the article reflects on the unique characteristics of regional forms that make them legally, socially, geographically, and economically nimbler and more adaptable than their national and local counterparts.


ABSTRACT Foreign managers often perceive cultural practices, such as gift giving and guanxi, as being unethical. This can leave them at a disadvantage when negotiating in China. This study describes a concept for the benefit of MNEs so they can leverage performance through acquiring insider status. The study suggests that foreign managers should aim to build a solid reputation to facilitate reciprocal exchange when doing business in China. Such reciprocity can help to establish affective ties to cement a relationship. Establishing affection can also lead to greater interpersonal trust and, subsequently, some degree of loyalty can then emerge as a mechanism for generating ethical cronyism and performance advantages.


The capability of ionic liquids (ILs) in various applications makes them attracted by many researchers. They have potential to be developed as "green" solvents for gas separation, especially hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) gas. In this work, it is attempted to predict the solubility of H 2S in ILs by COSMO-RS method. Since H 2S is a toxic pollutant, it is difficult to handle in the laboratory, therefore an appropriate model will be necessary in prior work. The COSMO-RS method is implemented to predict the Henry's law constants and activity coefficient of H 2S in 140 ILs with various combinations of cations and anions. It is found by the screening that more H 2S can be absorbed in ILs with chloride ([Cl]-) and acetate ([Ac]-) anion. The solubility of H 2S in ILs with different alkyl chain at the cations not much affected and with different type of cations are slightly influence H 2S capture capacities. Even though the cations do not affect much in solubility of H 2S, the effectiveness of cation still need to be considered in different way. The prediction results only show their physical absorption ability, but the absorption of H 2S need to be consider chemically to get high capacity of absorption of H 2S.


The intensity of the 1942‐A Hg+ ion resonance line in Hg‐inert‐gas discharges has been measured as a function of current density and Hg pressure in the range from 1 to about 15 A/cm2 and pressure from 10−3 to 0.5 Torr. In the Hg–Ar discharge the intensity of this line varies as the 1.75 power of the current density, while in Hg–Kr, the exponent is 2.0. There is evidence for volume recombination which is inhibited when Ar is replaced by Kr.


Parasites can influence the behaviour of their hosts, however investigations on how they may shape multiple personality traits are uncommon. The flatworm parasite Tylodelphys darbyi resides in the eyes of common bully, Gobiomorphus cotidianus, a locally common fish host to a range of other parasites that could also influence their behaviour. Here we assess how parasitism may be related to personality traits of two G. cotidianus populations; one where T. darbyi is highly abundant and one where the parasite is absent. We hypothesized that T. darbyi would have a stronger association with the different personality traits than other parasite taxa, and that the effects of infection on personality traits would vary between populations. Our results demonstrate that T. darbyi infections correlate with boldness, exploration, and activity within and among individuals. Further, we show that the relationship and therefore possible influence of other parasites, e.g., Apatemon sp., on personality traits vary between two host populations. Our study has revealed potential patterns highlighting how parasitism may differentially contribute to behavioural and ecological divergence among host populations.


Selmes et al (2013) have completed a thorough and rigorous documentation of the location, size and mode of cessation of Greenland Ice Sheet supraglacial lakes. This paper will be a valuable addition to the rapidly expanding publication list on GIS supraglacial lakes. There are two very recent publications that were likely not published yet at the time of submission that will have to be referenced Howat et al (2013) and Johansson et al (2013). Neither of those studies is as expansive an inventory. Most previous studies have not focused on a comprehensive examination of the mode of drainage or refreezing of supraglacial lakes. This required use of the daily MODIS imagery. The tracking of interannual variation of lake behavior is a simply fascinating aspect as well. The comments below are minor.


This paper adresses the changes in the tectonic regime in the Peruvian and Bolivian Andes that have occurred since the upper Miocene when the present-day elevation of the Cordillera above sea level has been almost reached. The stress patterns are deduced essentially from a field study of fault kinematics and a numerical inversion of the slip vector data measured on the fault planes. The Cuzco fault system in southern Peru is chosen as an example to illustrate the methodology used. In this region, striations on both active and Holocene faults are in agreement with a N-S extension. But faults affecting early Pleistocene deposits exhibit two families of striations. The younger results from the previous N-S extension: the older, involving reverse motions, results from either an E-W or a N-S compression. Faults affecting Pliocene formations often show an oldest family of striations resulting from a NE-SW or an E-W trending extension. Thus three tectonic regimes are demonstrated which are also supported by regional unconformities and sedimentological data: (1) a Pliocene extensional regime, (2) a lower Pleistocene compressional regime, and (3) a mid-Pleistocene-present-day extensional regime. Similar analyses conducted in the Pacific and sub-Andean lowlands allow sketching of the successive Pliocene-Pleistocene stress patterns in the Central Andes. The Quaternary and present-day stress pattern is characterized by a N-S extension in the High Andes and in the Pacific lowlands and by an E-W compression in the sub-Andean lowlands and at the contact between the Nazca and South American plates. This stress pattern is interpreted at a large wavelength (>100 km) as an effect of compensated topography. This model supposes that the vertical lithospheric stress, σzz, increases with the topography, the crustal thickness, and the low-density mantle beneath and that the lithospheric maximum (compressional) horizontal stress σHmax, trending E-W roughly parallel to the convergence, is fairly constant. On both edges of the Andes, the tectonics being compressional, σzz is σ3 and σHmax is σ1. In the High Andes, σzz becomes σ1, then the E-W trending σHmax is σ2 and σHmin trending N-S is σ3, allowing extension to occur in this direction. The Pliocene stress pattern was characterized by a NE-SW or an E-W trending extension in the High Andes, in the Pacific lowlands, and possibly in the sub-Andean lowlands. This stress pattern was clearly different from the present-day one because the E-W trending stress was σHmin. This required a weak push or, eventually, tractional boundary forces acting on the South American lithosphere. It is suggested that this might result from a strong slab pull due to a long, steeply dipping slab which decreased the value of the σxx stress transmitted to the overriding plate. The early Pleistocene state of stress was compressional. Since the elevation of the Andes had not markedly decreased during this period, this required an increase of the E-W trending stress value. This resulted from a strong coupling between the two lithospheric plates, possibly due to a rupture of a long slab under its own weight. Other spatial changes in the stress pattern are related to the particular situation of the forearc, to the subduction of the buoyant Nazca ridge, and to the different dips of the slab. Extension in the High Andes is of small magnitude, of the order of 1% during the last 1–2 m.y.; in a few basins, it may have attained 40% during the Pliocene (≈5–3 m.y.).


[3] Binder K., Stauffer D., "Statistical theory of nucleation, condensation and coagulation", Advances in Physics, 25 (1976), 343–396 [4] Langer J. S., Schwartz A. J., "Kinetics of nucleation in near-critical fluids", Physical Review A, 21 (1980), 948–958 MathSciNet [5] Shneidman V.A., "Transient nucleation with a monotonically changing barrier", Physical Review E, 82 (2010), 031603 [6] Shneidman V. A., "Time-dependent distributions in self-quenching nucleation", Physical Review E, 84 (2011), 031602 [7] Buyevich Yu. A., Mansurov V.V., "Kinetics of the intermediate stage of phase transition in batch crystallization", Journal of Crystal Growth, 104 (1990), 861–867


ABSTRACT Bluetongue virus is the type species of the genus Orbivirus in the family Reoviridae. We report the first complete genome sequence of an isolate (IND2004/01) of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (BTV-10) from Andhra Pradesh, India. This isolate, which is stored in the Orbivirus Reference Collection (ORC) at IAH Pirbright, shows >99% nucleotide identity in all 10 genome segments with a vaccine strain of BTV-10 from the United States.


The invention discloses a plant fiber blending embroidery thread for embroidery. The plant fiber blending embroidery thread for embroidery is formed by blending ceiba fiber, coconut fiber, high-humidity modulus viscose and copper ammonia silk fiber. According to the plant fiber blending embroidery thread for embroidery, the weight percentage of the ceiba fiber ranges from 32 percent to 41 percent, the weight percentage of the coconut fiber ranges from 15 percent to 18 percent, the weight percentage of the high-humidity modulus viscose ranges from 24 percent to 27 percent, and the weight percentage of the copper ammonia silk fiber ranges from 20 percent to 23 percent. The plant fiber blending embroidery thread is formed by blending the ceiba fiber, the coconut fiber, the high-humidity modulus viscose and the copper ammonia silk fiber, and therefore the plant fiber blending embroidery thread has the advantages of being antimicrobial, mothproof, high in mechanical strength, good in elasticity, rebound resilience, shape keeping performance and abrasive resistance and very good in using effect.


The article is devoted to the problems of assessing the quality of education and its increase in the new information society, knowledge society, taking into account the labor market generated requests (not only on the availability of knowledge and expertise, but also on the expertise, specialist skills). Therefore, the quality of education is considered from the point of compliance CRP, educational costs, the requirements of educational bodies and institutions, and from the point of view of consumers, the degree of customer satisfaction, cost characteristics. Taking into account characteristics of the educational system of the information society, in particular, the basic: the implementation of a new generation of CRP, the subject specification, the actual result, a specific educational goal, competence approach, key abilities (communication, infological, mathematics, information technology, creative, creative, environment, business, ergonomic, aesthetic, etc..). Accentuated the need for and use of the system software on the basis of adaptive learning and competence-based approach, statistical features and characteristics of learning, dynamic support (control) each step of the training. With the inclusion of elements of the tiered training, which are student-oriented. The necessity of quality analysts to forecast the quality of education, for the full, timely, highquality monitoring of the learning process, as well as educational management.


Active intermediates produced in the photolysis of benzaldehyde and p-bromobenzaldehyde have been investigated by the spin trapping technique and ESR spectroscopy. The results show that the free radicals C6H5CO, p-BrC6H4CO, C6H5, and p-BrC6Hi are formed in the primary processes; and the free radicals C6H5CHOH and p-BrC6H4CHOH are formed in concentrated solution.


Corruption is an extraordinary crime because of its  negative impact on the aspects  of community life. People who have been infected by this deadly virus would die slowly but surely. This crime has a tremendous potential to cause misery, destitution and suffering of many people, especially the lower class people who do not have access to the power and economy; those who would have their rights only if they were given by the state. Corruption is a modern term whose synonym could not be found in the Islamic legal literature. However, by recognizing the elements contained, the term in Islamic criminal law is closely related to theft ( sariqah ), bribery (risywah ), embezzlement of property ( ghulul ) and robbery ( hirabah ) with different legal sanctions. Corruption occurs because of many factors such as materialistic-consumerism lifestyle, costly political system, weak leadership, lack of religious and ethical education, social and legal systems that support corrupt behaviors. To eradicate corruption, repressive ways  can be done through the penal system as well as preventive efforts through non penal system.


We document a previously unused and particularly rich micro source: the Munich Polizeimeldebogen (PMBs) the registration system used by Munich and other German city authorities during the nineteenth century to keep track of their populations. (EXCERPT)


Public employment programs may affect poverty both directly through the income they provide and indirectly through general-equilibrium effects. We estimate both effects, exploiting a reform that improved the implementation of India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) and whose rollout was randomized at a large (sub-district) scale. The reform raised beneficiary households' earnings by 14%, and reduced poverty by 26%. Importantly, 86%of income gains came from non-program earnings, driven by higher private-sector (real) wages and employment. This pattern appears to reflect imperfectly competitive labor markets more than productivity gains: worker's reservation wages increased, land returns fell, and employment gains were higher in villages with more concentrated landholdings. Non-agricultural enterprise counts and employment grew rapidly despite higher wages, consistent with a role for local demand in structural transformation. These results suggest that public employment programs can effectively reduce poverty in developing countries, and may also improve economic efficiency.


We present a novel identification strategy of U.S. Treasury supply shocks based on auction data. We interpret changes in Treasury futures prices around public announcements by the Treasury as shocks to the expected supply of debt securities by the U.S. government. After describing the theoretical mechanism between futures prices and expected debt supply, we isolate the component of price variation in futures pertaining to Treasury announcements between 1998 and 2020. We then study how Treasury supply affects financial markets by means of local projections, using our series of shocks as instrumental variables. We show that surprise increases in Treasury supply have sizable and significant dynamic causal effects on financial markets, as they cause an upward shift of the yield curve, fuelled in part by an increase in the term premium. While stock prices go up and volatility goes down, corporate bond yields increase. As a result, the equity premium rises, the risk premium falls, inflation expectations soar and the liquidity premium decreases. JEL-Classification: E44, E62, H63


The effectiveness of using Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools to support design decisions is often hindered by the enormous computational demand of complex analysis models, especially when uncertainty is considered. Approximations of analysis models, also known as "metamodels", are widely used to replace analysis models for optimization under uncertainty. However, due to the inherent nonlinearity in occupant responses during a crash event and relatively large numbers of uncertain variables and responses, naive application of metamodeling techniques can yield misleading results with little or no warning from the algorithms which generate the metamodels. Furthermore, in order to improve the quality of metamodels, a relatively large number of design of experiments (DOE) and comparatively expensive metamodeling techniques, such as Kriging or radial basis function (RBF), are necessary. Thus, sampling-based methods, e.g. Monte Carlo simulations, for obtaining the statistical quantities of system responses during the optimization loop may still be inefficient even for these metamodels. In recent years, analytical uncertainty propagation via metamodels is proposed by Chen et al. 2004, which provides analytical formulation of mean and variance evaluations via a variety of metamodeling techniques to reduce the computational time and improve the convergence behavior of optimization under uncertainty. An occupant restraint system design problem is used as an example to test the applicability of this method.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


This paper proposes a voltage unbalance compensation method of series-connected switching devices for high voltage application such as DC distribution systems. In the series connection, a turn-off voltage unbalance occurs in switching devices due to a parasitic parameter mismatch and a switching timing mismatch among switching devices. In this paper, a capacitor snubber and Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS)operation are utilized to reduce voltage unbalance. In particular, the proposed method reduces the parasitic capacitor (collector-emitter capacitance)mismatch among series-connected devices by a capacitor snubber circuit, whereas the switching losses are effectively reduced by ZVS. As the simulation results, it is confirmed that the collector-emitter voltage unbalance is reduced by 88% by the proposed method in comparison with a snubber-less configuration. Finally, in order to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments with a test circuit applied with the proposed method are conducted. According to the experimental results, the voltage unbalance is reduced by 86.0% due to the application of the proposed method.


In this paper, a novel joint planning framework is proposed to coordinate the investment and operation of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems (ESS) in energy and ancillary services markets. Based on this framework, coordinated planning and operation model under centralized and deregulated market mechanism is studied, and multiple factors such as siting and sizing of wind turbine and ESS, the efficiency of ESS, transmission lines constraints are considered. For the centralized market mechanism, the coordinated model aiming at maximizing social welfare is established, which is a tractable single-level optimization problem. For the deregulated market mechanism, the coordinated model aiming at maximizing investment profits is established, which is an intractable bi-level optimization problem as the locational marginal price in the objective function. The bi-level optimization problem is reformulated into a mathematical problem with equilibrium constraints by Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. The big-M method and strong dual theory are used to deal with the nonlinearity in constraints and objective functions, and the problem is transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming, which can be solved by commercial software. Furthermore, the impact of production tax credit and investment tax credit financial incentive policies on investment behavior has been studied, and the evaluation indexes of electrical information and economy have been established. The proposed approach has been implemented on the IEEE 6-bus and the IEEE 30-bus test systems, and results justify the efficiency of the model proposed.


RECENT and numerous additions to the survey methodology literature, especially in the area of random-digit-dialing, have helped researchers to generate samples of household units for telephone surveys. However, the literature on selecting survey respondents within those household units has not kept pace. In fact, after searching through the standard texts on telephone surveys (see for example, Blankenship, 1977, or Dillman, 1978) researchers might conclude that there is only one method of respondent selection-the Troldahl-Carter (1964) method. In the Troldahl-Carter method, one of four selection matrices which list various combinations of age and sex of household members is assigned randomly to telephone numbers in the sample. Thus, by asking only two questions (How many people 18 years or older live in your household, and how many of them are men?), the interviewer has enough information to select the respondent who is designated at the intersection point on the matrix. This method, which is less cumbersome and more appropriate to telephone interviews than the complete enumeration of the household proposed by Kish (1949), still requires the interviewer to ask potentially sensitive questions early in the interview. For example, two elderly women who live together


In order to remove the hidden danger resulted by distortion of weak surrounding rock in tunnel, the GM(1,1) of the distortion data of weak surrounding rock is used to predict the distortion trend of weak rock vault in the next phase. According to the actual data, a GM(1,1) of the distortion is built, and it is shown that the predict result of GM(1, 1) is accurate, and the calamity can be reduced by the way.


Temperature effect through Boltzmann· distribution on the position and the shape of parama gnetic resonance lines is studied on the assumption that the l~ttice structur2 is rigid. General formulae for the moments of any order ara derived in the form of traces which can be interpreted physically as temperature averages of the quantities represented by the relevant operators. The explicit expressions for the zero-th, the first and the sec')nd moments are given on the basis of the one-ion approximation for the density matrix involved in the temperature average. As examples, applications of the formulae to the case of electronic-paramagnetic resonance in the system of equivalent free ions and to that of nuclear-param~gn etic r"sonance in electronic-paramagnetic crystals are discussed.


It is increasingly the case that organizations rely upon diverse computer systems to perform a variety of knowledge-based tasks. This not only presents technical issues of interoperability and integration, but philosophical issues of how cooperation and interaction between computational entities is to be realized. Cooperating systems are systems that work together toward a common end. To develop cooperating heterogeneous systems the technical and philosophical must find common ground. The concepts of cooperation must find realization in technically sound system architectures.
The heterogeneity and complexity of knowledge sources make it difficult to design and use an integrated system. This is particularly true of systems that are constructed of pre-existing components, each of which has its own task, design, and structure. We advocate adding a uniform meta-layer between knowledge sources and the rest of the system. The layer consists of a family of interpreters, one for each knowledge source, and meta-knowledge. A system architecture to integrate and control diverse knowledge sources is presented. The architecture is based on the meta-level properties of the logic programming language Prolog. We describe an implementation of the architecture, a Framework for Logic Programming Systems with Distributed Execution (FLiPSiDE).
Based on the vanilla blackboard interpreter, we present interpreter enhancements that model the cooperative behavior of knowledge sources. Examples of interpreters to handle shared semantics and multiple interaction behaviors are shown. We introduce a dedicated trigger handler knowledge source to the design of control blackboard architectures. The advantages of such a knowledge source, including dynamic modification of triggers, are described. The support of human users is presented as an example of integrating heterogeneous users with the computational knowledge sources. The FLiPSiDE architecture is generalized to create a distributed Prolog environment.
As background we present the blackboard model and some of its realizations, explain the concepts of meta-level systems, and examine organizational learning and decision making to determine the essential characteristics of cooperation.


Concrete room cell with at least two monolithically on a base plate made of concrete cast end walls and a separately auflegbaren on the walls top plate or roof panel, characterized in that between the end walls (14) along the longitudinal edges (13) of the bottom plate (12) each have a coating (16) is cast, the height (h Support means are inserted, the position of which in each case at least one opening (40) in the roof panel (20) is determined.


Nonlinear matched filtering involves incorporating nonlinear operations on the transfer function of the matched filter as well as the spectrum of the signal.1 Recent developments in optical computing hold the promise of achieving such operations routinely. Considerably better accuracy and very high resolution such as in the detection of similar, closeby signals, and their exact locations are possible with nonlinear matched filtering.


Gigascale Integration (GSI) enables a new generation of monolithic focal plane processing systems built with billion-transistor chips. As this technology matures, fundamental technology limitations on wire interconnects and power dissipation will become the performance bottleneck. This paper presents system performance projections for GSI technologies under these constraints. Architectural models and workload characterization are integrated to identify viable future system implementations. The SIMD Pixel processor (SIMPil) is selected as the architecture for evaluation, and an image processing application suite is programmed to characterize the workload. Projections for SIMPil systems show that over three orders of magnitude improvement is achievable by 2012 in both system throughput and image resolution. System power consumption is contained below 50 W for a 52,900 processor system in 50 nm technology. The SIMPil architecture design space is explored, and opportunities for more aggressive designs within power density limits are examined.


In this paper a model for the disturbances on power line channels is represented. The model is based on extensive long-term measurements in office and home environments. The parameters of the model are based on random variables with space-dependent statistical distributions. A substantial advantage of this concept is its simple adaptation to new types of environment. This adaptation can be realized with only a few additional measurements and, in this connection, with a reconfiguration of the model parameters. This opens a simple possibility to calculate the system capacities of the new environment. The small number of necessary model parameters predestined this model for simulations.


PURPOSE: The Mednax Cardiology Quality Collaborative (MCQC) joined the ACC Adult Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology (ACPC) Quality Network (QNet) in the fall of 2016. MCQC leadership began projects with established goals by 2018 of: (1) 50% voluntary practice enrollment in ACPC QNet, and (2) 5 metrics reported per practice on the ACPC QNet quarterly reports. METHODS: Mednax Cardiology practices were asked to designate a physician as the practice MCQC lead. Two face to face meetings are held annually to collaborate on quality improvement. Monthly MCQC conference calls follow up …


Strategies to disperse aggregates so the cells remain in suspension long enough to take stable absorbance readings are studied. The optical density of highly flocculating yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 26603, drops because of cells settling to the bottom in less than 1 min. It presents a problem in using turbidimetric measurement for cell density estimate. Dilution of the yeast samples with sodium salts in a wide range of concentrations (10 mM to 1 M) disperses the aggregates, whereas dilution with calcium salts does not. ζ‐Potential measurements indicate that sodium disperses the yeast flocs by reversal of the charges on the cell surfaces. An attempt is also made to resolve the controversy about the role of sodium ions in flocculation.


Abstract Like the anonymous carvers of the pyramids, the unknown painters of the colonial churches, and the popular lithographers such as Jose Guadalupe Posada, the Hermanos Mayo are but one of the more recent expressions of that ancient Mexican tradition in which art is a product of the struggle for daily bread. However, this collective of photographers that has contributed to redefining Mexico's graphic journalism had its origin in a Spain about to explode into one of the modern world's great conflagrations: the Civil War. There, on the eve of so many hopes and such disappointment, the Mayos began their link with the 'underdogs' that has lasted to the present day. The pseudonym 'Mayo', which the five members of the collective have used — Francisco (Paco), Faustino, Julio, Candido, and Pablo — is a nom de guerre that reflects both their commitment to the working class and the difficulties that can accompany such an undertaking.1


Nowadays communications require a continuous increase of data rates and, as far as the single customer is concerned, there is a severe bottleneck in the last kilometer of the transmission line. The only viable solution to this problem is the Fiber to the Home (FTTH) system, which requires an amplification of the incoming signal in the optical fiber. However, the device of election, the Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), is still very expensive, so that new optical waveguide amplifiers based on Lithium Fluoride (LiF) thin layers containing color centers have been recently proposed. Such electronic defects are characterized by broad absorption bands in the visible and near ultra-violet (UV) spectral range and by efficient, broad-band emissions extending from the visible to the near-infrared (NIR). One of the important properties of these light emitters arises from the short lifetime, several nanoseconds, which is a fundamental feature for high gain laser media. Several basic and technical aspects of novel solid-state amplifier configurations based on active waveguides in LiF will be presented and discussed.


In this paper, we present the new "asynchronous truncated multigrid-reduction-in-time" (AT-MGRIT) algorithm for introducing time parallelism to the solution of discretized time-dependent problems. The new algorithm is based on the multigrid-reduction-in-time (MGRIT) approach, which, in certain settings, is equivalent to another common multilevel parallel-in-time method, Parareal. In contrast to Parareal and MGRIT that both consider a global temporal grid over the entire time interval on the coarsest level, the AT-MGRIT algorithm uses truncated local time grids on the coarsest level, each grid covering certain temporal subintervals. These local grids can be solved completely independent from each other, which reduces the sequential part of the algorithm and, thus, increases parallelism in the method. Here, we study the effect of using truncated local coarse grids on the convergence of the algorithm, both theoretically and numerically, and show, using challenging nonlinear problems, that the new algorithm consistently outperforms classical Parareal/MGRIT in terms of time to solution.


The photoinduced structural changes of three polyphenylene-based stilbene dendrimers, G1 , G2 , and G3 , has been studied. They all exhibit fluorescence emission with considerably higher quantum efficiency and longer fluorescence lifetimes compared with the parent stilbene. These dendrimers undergo mutual cis → trans isomerisation on direct irradiation with 310 nm light at room temperature. In a solvent glass at 77 K, one-way cis → trans isomerisation was observed for G2 . A volume-conserving isomerisation mechanism is presumed to be operating in the cis -to- trans isomerisation of G2 at 77 K.


The author investigates reasons for observed changes in the number of marriages and baptisms and in female age at marriage in Colyton England in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. She "aims to extend the demographic analysis already carried out for the parish of Colyton in Devon and to place it in a social and economic context. The author has linked additional records of the parish such as poor relief documents to the original reconstitution. The most important addition to the present interpretation of Colytons past is the discovery of a low sex ratio. This is associated with domestic industry in the town. It resulted in a distinctive socio-economic community structure." (EXCERPT)


The seven year studies enable to assess and select from collection the best samples for state variety trial, primary variety trial, as well as sources of valuable breeding characters. The possible biological mechanisms of self-fertility for different collection hybrids are considered


PURPOSE: To provide a rocket motor having a simple structure and a high reliability by arranging canisters containing solid propellant grain in a long cylindrical casing through cover means, and arranging means for respectively igniting the solid propellant in each canisters. CONSTITUTION: A solid propellant rocket motor 10 having 3 solid propellant combustion chambers, namely pulses 12, 14, 16, has a long cylindrical tube as a casing 18, and canisters 20 (can) are arranged in each combustion chambers 12, 14 and 16. The solid propellant 24 is filled in the canister 20, and a penetrable hole 40 is arranged in the center of the propellant grain 24. The canisters are separated from each other by a hemisphere separating wall 28 made of stainless steel. The separating wall 28 forms a part of membrane seal assembly 30. And an igniter 36 is inserted in a boss 32 of the membrane seal assembly 30 through a keeping member. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


While developing countries as a group did better than developed countries in 2008-09 recession, transition economies – former communist countries – experienced the largest reduction of output. Out of 42 countries that experienced negative growth in 2007-09, 13 were transition economies. In fact, 4 out of 5 most affected economies were former communist countries (Latvia, Estonia, Ukraine, Lithuania). The hypothesis is that these transition countries (1) suffered more than the others from the sudden outflow of capital and (2) did not manage this outflow particularly well. The rule of thumb was that large outflows of capital, especially coupled with negative trade shocks, suppressed economic activity. But if the shocks were relatively small (up to 3% of GDP change in trade and capital account from Q2 2008 to an average of subsequent 3 quarters), it was possible to mitigate them through devaluation (not allowing foreign exchange reserves to drop by the same amount). If the shocks were large, even devaluation did not allow to avoid output fall.


Ocean warming accounts for more than 90% of the net Earth energy imbalance. As oceans warm, sea level is rising due to the expansion of seawater. Therefore, estimating ocean heat content (OHC) and thermosteric sea level (TSL) appears of great importance to assess the impact of the on-going global warming.  Different research groups have estimated such climate variables for years now and even routinely (Boyer et al., 2016). These climate variables are derived from in situ temperature measurement at different depths with uneven spatial coverage. Two main sources of uncertainties are attributed to the evolving technology of temperature probes and to the uneven spatio-temporal distribution of in situ measurements (Boyer et al., 2016). A large ensemble of forced eddy-permitting ocean simulations revealed the existence of another uncertainty of regional OHC trend estimates (Sérazin et al 2017): a substantial intrinsic variability emerging from oceanic nonlinearities generates random multi decadal trends, which can mask its atmospherically-forced counterpart. This intrinsic variability can also leave a large imprint on regional sea level trends over the altimetry period (Llovel et al., 2018; Penduff et al., 2019). Less attention has been paid for estimating the imprint of such intrinsic ocean variability in OHC and TSL change associated with the uneven spatial coverage of in situ records. In this study, we investigate the imprint of ocean intrinsic variability and of the uneven distribution of in situ records on OHC and TLS change, by taking advantage of this large ensemble simulation. To do so, we extract synthetic in situ temperature profiles from the simulations in space, time and depth. We then interpolate these synthetic profiles using ISAS (Gaillard et al. 2016) to estimate both the imprint of intrinsic ocean variability and the uneven distribution of in situ data to OHC change and TSL change from 2005 to 2015.


Safety analysis is one of the chief difficulties during the research and design of SCWRs. At present, the development of SCWR safety analysis code is still in the initial stage all around the world, and very few computer codes could carry out trans-critical calculations where significant changes in water properties would take place. In this paper, a safety analysis code SCTRAN for SCWRs, has been developed based on RETRAN-02. The ability of SCTRAN code to simulate the transient where both supercritical and subcritical regimes are encountered has been verified by comparing with APROS code and RELAP5-3D code, respectively. With SCTRAN code, the preliminary LOFA and LOCA analysis of the SCWR design proposed by CGNPC, have been analyzed. The characteristics and performance of the passive safety systems applied to CGNPC-SCWR are evaluated. The results show that: 1) The SCTRAN computer code developed in this study is capable to carry out safety analysis for SCWRs, and its results are reliable; 2) During LOFA and LOCA accidents, very complex flow regime might take place in the double-pass core design, but the passive safety systems would greatly mitigate the consequences of these transients and increase the inherent safety. (authors)


We report measurements of the intensity ratio of the 1s 22s 22p$$5\atop{1/2}$$3d 3/2→1s 22s 22p 6 resonance line to the 1s 22s 22p$$5\atop{3/2}$$3d 5/2→1s 22s 22p 6 intercombination line in neonlike Kr 26+ and Mo 32+. The measurements were performed at the EBIT-I electron beam ion trap facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and utilized an x-ray microcalorimeter. The measured ratio for Mo 32+ is in four times closer agreement with theoretical predictions than earlier measurements of ions with lower atomic number. Our measurement thus suggests a narrowing of the disagreement with atomic number, which had not been observed in the previously existing data. This implies that the disagreement with theory may be localized to ions within a range of atomic numbers in which intermediate coupling dominates.


Sensitivity analysis (SA) describes how varying inputs to a model subsequently varies its outputs. Its inclusion can support the systematic calibration of numerical models to back-calculate intensity properties of past torrent events that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to collect during their occurrence. Sensitivity analysis for model calibration is assessed with the back-calculation of a known torrent event. In particular, FLO-2D, a cell-based numerical model, is used to simulate the 2005 debris flow event that occurred in Brienz, Switzerland. Under 4000 simulations were completed with ranges of physically reasonable parameter values. Model results were compared in 3-dimensions with both sediment deposition extents (x, y) and estimated deposition heights (z) from available post-event images. The comparisons highlighted that more accurate input and validation data, namely the flow behavior of hazardous processes and post-event deposition heights, are required to produce stronger agreements between simulated and observed results. Furthermore, the application of SA for model calibration supports systematic exploration of large parameter spaces characteristic of complex phenomena like natural hazard events. These findings demonstrated how important model input factors can be identified, which provide guidance for future data collection efforts to capture both the rheology and the spatial distribution of hazards more accurately.


Abstract S phase is a metastable nitrogen supersaturated fcc phase which, when applied as a coating using reactive magnetron sputtering, can significantly improve the corrosion wear resistance of austenitic stainless steels. Coatings with nitrogen ranges between 0.3 and 44 at.-%N were analysed and tested for hardness, modulus and fracture resistance. Duplex bcc + fcc coatings decreased in hardness with increasing N content, whereas the hardness of monophase S phase coatings increased, reaching a maximum of ~20 GPa at 28-32 at.-%N. Three types of corrosion wear process affect S phase coated 316L: first, removal of the passive film during sliding contact, second, galvanic attack of the substrate and third, galvanic attack of the counterface material. These three types are discussed and solutions suggested.


appointed that the author did not suggest sound effects, groans as well as facial distortions, or perhaps, where the wounds are fresh, the sound of blood dripping." Professor Seavey poses the significant social question "Are sixfigure judgments desirable?" 3 Larry Alan Bear, Esq., a member of the Massachusetts bar, comments that "the author perhaps attempted to do too much." He calls attention to the fact that "one aspect of negligence law that has been shamefully neglected in the law school curriculums is the great area of medico-legal problems."'4 Payne Ratner, Esq., a member of the Kansas bar, properly points out that the book is a compilation of personal experiences of the author and not a compendium of trials in any sense.5 The target of a law text book should be to explain, to clarify, and to assist the practicing lawyer. This book misses that target.


A new high-speed data acquisition and real-time processing system for linear CCD is introduced,which is composed of high-speed A/D converter,high-speed FIFO,comparator module and digital signal processor(TMS320F2812).The storage and reading of data are started-up by comparator module that is specially designed.The threshold of comparator can be adjusted automatically,so that only useful signal of image elements outputted by CCD is memorized by FIFO.Therefore,the burden of DSP is alleviated and data can be processed in real-time.The principles of system working,hardware circuit,logic of controlling and arithmetic of data processing are described in detail.This system can be used in the field of high-speed measurement of displacement.The results of experiment show that the velocity of data acquisition can reach to 20 MHz,the fastest response time is 0.1ms and the effect of real-time processing is comparably good.


Transition metal complexes bound to silica are of great interest in catalysis. The authors describe the synthesis and molecular structure of dinuclear rhodium silanoate complexes. These complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The rhodium atoms are coordinated in an olefinic or carbonyl environment.


Abstract Gender inequality has been a constant refrain among those that desire social justice. To this end, a global conference on gender equality was organized by the United Nations in 1995 in Beijing, China. However, a recent study questioned the effectiveness of the conference to solve this problem as it found that women themselves are giving hegemonic consent to male dominance. This study thus investigates the way ODL can help in mitigating the hegemonic consent of females to the dominant male paradigm. This thrust of the study is based on the argument that quality education should result in psychological freedom and self-determinism by the learner. Critical Discourse Analysis was used as the analytic tool. It critically evaluates the curriculum content of the National Open University of Nigeria BA English Programme to find out if it in any way helps students, especially the female ones, attain psychological liberation towards the end of their becoming free and productive contributing members of the Nigerian society. It was found that in its present form, the NOUN BA English programme is anti-female in orientation. The paper thus suggests an overhaul of the BA English programme in NOUN to make it more gender sensitive so that it can be a positive instrument of gender equality and social integration.


It is my privilege to join in this tribute to Walter Somerville who has capped his career by his outstanding achievements as editor of the British Heart Journal, the distinguished emblem of British cardiology. Notwithstanding his reputation as a clinician, investigator, teacher, and scholar, I believe that Walter's character and sense of duty are the basis of his success as an editor. My association with Walter dates back more than 10 years. We would meet at the annual meetings of the American College of Cardiology, where I considered Walter and Jane Somerville to be unofficial ambassadors of the British Cardiac Society, of which he later became president. I was very pleased when Walter informed me in 1972 that he had been invited by the British Cardiac Society to succeed K Shirley Smith as editor of the British Heart journal. It was then that I became aware of Walter's character and devotion. He felt honoured by the appointment but had many doubts about whether he had the ability to be a successful editor (though he had already served as assistant editor for 12 years), whether he could maintain the high standards and reputation of this Journal, whether he could allocate enough time and energy from his busy schedule in his hospital, medical school, and rooms to carry out his job and, most important, what effect his duties as editor would have on his family responsibilities as husband and father. I did not paint a rosy picture for Walter. I tried to give him a factual description of the life of a busy editor and touched on the many problems he would encounter with authors, publishing and editorial staff, reviewers, and readers of the Journal. I noted ruefully that they would take up a substantial amount of his work schedule seven days a week. I stressed his role in making decisions on acceptance or rejection of submitted manuscripts based not only on the reviews by expert members of his editorial committee and outside reviewers, but also on his own innate knowledge and expertise as the editor. His decisions would shape the character and image of the Journal and it would be his responsibility to maintain its high standard of scholarship and medical writing. Finally, I emphasised the necessity ofassuring cooperation from the members of his family since they would bear the brunt of his busy schedule and loss of time and company. …


This paper describes how, until quite frequently, freight transport carrier liability systems developed along unimodal lines, notably maritime, air, road transport, and railways. This reflected the way freight was mainly moved - on a unimodal basis. It discusses the fact that, in more recent times, freight is increasingly seen as part of a transport supply chain which often involves intermodal transport. The recognition of this role of intermodal transport prompted the Multimodal Transport Convention in 1980. While its recommendations were not adopted in its original form, it has been followed by the emergence of such regimes as the UNCTAD/ICC Rules from 1992 and the FIATA FBL model from 1996. Both of these are based on a network of the unimodal liability regimes. However, even these network liability regimes are plagued by uncertainty - in particular, the actual liability depends on the ability to identify the mode and/or place within the transport supply chain where the loss or damaged occurred. The economic impact of carrier liability on intermodal freight transport is presented.


The present invention relates to a method for controlling such that, in an MMC for HVDC, each submodule of an unbroken down converter arm operates while lowering output voltage, so as to continuously operate a system, when a submodule of the MMC has broken down in a state in which a redundancy module for improving an operation rate is applied and there are no more redundancy modules to be applied. In the MMC for HVDC, including the plurality of converter arms, wherein each converter arm includes the plurality of operating submodules and preparatory redundancy modules, a redundancy control method of an MMC for HVDC, according to the present invention, comprises the steps of: checking whether a break down has occurred in operating submodules of a first converter arm in a state in which all the redundancy modules of the first converter arm among a plurality of converter arms are applied to the operation; and controlling such that an output voltage of each submodule of other converter arms is lowered so as to make DC link voltages of the other converter arms the same as a DC link voltage of the first converter arm, when a breakdown of the submodules of the first converter arm occurs.


The papers published here result from a workshop at the University of Vienna in January 2020. Academic research and scholarly forums devoted to the Anthropocene tend to insist on the radical newness of the concept, on the way in which it solicits a thoroughgoing rethinking of epistemological and disciplinary distinctions – most notably the distinction between the natural sciences and the human sciences – and to demand the development of innovative approaches freed from the constraints of traditional disciplines. Beyond the political charge of the term, it is on account of these epistemological challenges that the Anthropocene occasions such intellectual interest, above all in the area known as the humanities, and has led to some of the most ground-breaking and genuinely transdisciplinary scholarship in recent years. Our approach, however, is different: Rather than championing the postdisciplinary character of the Anthropocene, we propose specifically to explore what German Studies, broadly but quite traditionally understood as the study of the archive of German-language texts, might have to contribute to our understanding of the Anthropocene. Schuld in the Anthropocene shifts the Anthropocene debate away from the predominant English-language discourse, and troubles ingrained conceptions concerning "guilt" that are arguably tied to Anglo-American use of language. In contrast to the modern English guilt, the German word Schuld exhibits an ambiguity between guilt and debt, thus linking affective, moral, and juridical concerns to material and economic ones. In this Special Issue, it is not simply "Guilt in the Anthropocene" or "Debt in the


To the Editor: Ekbom's syndrome is a rare and mostly unknown psychiatric disorder that is characterized by the fixed and false conviction of being infested with parasites. Patients frequently experience tactile, visual, haptic, or auditory hallucinations, giving detailed descriptions of the characteristics and the activities of the offending parasites. Insomnia is a common complaint as the patients are frequently quite disturbed by the parasites. It can be primary or secondary to several medical and psychiatric disorders or to the use of prescribed or illicit drugs.


We present the results of our studies of deuterated molecules (DCN, DNC, DCO$^+$, N$_2$D$^+$ and NH$_2$D) in regions of high-mass star formation, which include a survey of such regions with the 20-m Onsala radio telescope and mapping of several objects in various lines with the 30-m IRAM and 100-m MPIfR radio telescopes. The deuteration degree reaches $\sim$10$^{-2}$ in these objects. We discuss its dependencies on the gas temperature and velocity dispersion, as well as spatial distributions of deuterated molecules. We show that the H$^{13}$CN/HN$^{13}$C intensity ratio may be a good indicator of the gas kinetic temperature and estimate densities of the investigated objects.


This study presents the solutions of three dimensional Klein-Gordon equation for the spherically and non-spherically harmonic oscillatory ring-shaped potentials within the framework of asymptotic iteration method. Using the method of variable separation, this study obtains the radial and angular equations. And then the bound states energy eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions are obtained analytically.


The information need of physicians has become complex and problematic due to the tremendous publications and interdisciplinary researches that are being undertaken at higher level. The librarians working in those medical institutions need to pay sincere attention to acquire appropriate and need- based literature in these subjects up to the utmost satisfaction of physicians. In this critical situation, librarians should have a clear understanding of their users' needs and their professed information seeking behaviour. This paper examines the information seeking behaviour of physicians of an emerging medical college and hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The paper is designed to reflect the practicality of usage of information resources with findings that are vital for promoting information systems and services for academic excellence of the physicians engaged in teaching and practice.


Qualitative researchers work across a range of sectors to analyse structured, unstructured or semi-structured data such as interviews, surveys, field notes, web pages and journal articles, film and print media. They are interested in evaluating, interpreting and explaining social phenomena. While these activities can be undertaken without computer software, a growing number of qualitative researchers rely on a range of software packages to help manage and organise their data.
This chapter considers how computer assisted data analysis is able to assist qualitative researchers. It does this by focusing on one particular qualitative software package – NVivo. The chapter takes the reader through a stepped process that is similar to many other software packages, introducing terminology that qualitative researchers need to become familiar with. The strengths and weaknesses of NVivo are outlined, many of which relate to all computer assisted qualitative software packages. The chapter finishes with set exercises for the student seeking to learn more about the NVivo program.


Loading and unloading activities in BICT strongly influenced by aspects of the hydro-oceanographic and its facilities.Object this study was to examine the hydro-oceanographic aspects related to facilities in BICT, specifically evaluating the channel shipping, wharf, large of port basin and required anchoring area. Based on calculations results obtained effective fetch length of the longest from the north. Significant wave height obtained by 0.26 m and the period is 2.701 seconds. The amount of sediment in a day is 19828.713 tons. Based on the type of the largest ship into the port, the required channel depth is 13.43 mLWS, channel width for one way is 57.6 m, while for two way 144 m, the large of port basin is 27.406 ha and large of anchoring area for one ships is 24.26 ha. Based on the analysis in the international wharf required 4 wharf, while inter-island wharf 2. Because the existing depth in the channel shipping in BICT only 9.5-12 mLWS, that the channel can't be passed by the largest type of ship while it is happening neap or when the ship is fully loaded. Existing channel width is 100 m already qualified safety and comfort for one way while for two way required the addition channel width. The capacity of the wharf should be added in order to serve the current loading and unloading which each year always increasing.


Endophytic bacterial communities of tidal flat plants antagonistic to oomycete plant pathogens were studied by the isolation of 256 root colonizing endophytic bacteria from surface-disinfected root tissues of six plants (Rosa rugosa, Suaeda maritima, Vitex rotundifolia, Carex scabrifolia, Glehnia littoralis and Elymus mollis) growing in a tidal flat area of Namhae Island, Korea. To understand the antagonistic potential, an in vitro antagonistic assay was performed to characterize and identify strains that were antagonistic to the oomycete plant pathogens Phytophthora capsici and Pythium ultimum from the total population. Nine percent of the total number of isolated bacteria exhibited in vitro inhibitory activity against target plant pathogenic oomycetes. Taxonomic and phylogenetic placement of the antagonistic bacteria was investigated by analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence analysis classified the antagonistic strains into four major classes of the domain bacteria (Firmicutes, α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes) and 10 different genera. Further production of secondary metabolites, hydrolytic enzymes and plant growth promoting traits were determined for the putative new species of antagonistic endophytic bacteria. These new strains could not be identified as known species of α-Proteobacteria, and so may represent novel bacterial taxa. The unexpected high antagonistic bacterial diversity associated with the tidal flat plants may be indicative of their importance in tidal flat plants as a promising source of novel antimicrobial compounds and biocontrol agents.


"Elisa" is a treatment report I presented during the 2015 Toronto IARPP Conference, for its discussion in Plenary 3 "Issues of Power and Authority in Relational Psychoanalysis." A woman in her 30s, Elisa seeks treatment during a severe anxiety crisis. A 3-year-long process on a once a week basis is described, focusing in aspects to favor discussion around the plenary subject. Special attention is given to the phenomenological description of the analyst's subjective experience in the process of the co-construction of meaning. Questions about the curative factors involved in this treatment are raised.


An actinomycete strain F1 was successfully isolated from stacking fermented grains of Jiangxiang Baijiu(liquor). Through morphologic identification and physiological and biochemical identification coupled with 16S rRNA gene phylogenic analysis, such strain belonged to the known species of Streptomyces flocculus, a member of Streptomyces sp.


shows how capitalism and modernization were the real driving forces of change and, thus, the motivation for migration. Liberal capitalism in Spain caused local disruption and tremendous dissatisfaction, but it also promoted opportunity and ambition which ultimately proved more causal in migration that did poverty (p. 388). Indeed, the poorest and most disadvantaged of Spain's rural and urban dwellers did not become migrants. Much of Moya's argument in the first chapter, however, left me with the impression that he is overly enamoured of the concept of globalization and all the values it promotes. Of the two countries under study Spain and Argentina the research is more successful in elucidating the Spanish side of the migration equation. Moya does an outstanding job of examining the details of family connections on both sides of the Atlantic and he weaves a number of interesting vignettes (lesbian lovers, a shoemaker, a Basque maid) using a 'comparative behavioral pattern' approach (p. 3). Analyses of local customs, long-dormant contacts with wealthy relatives across the Atlantic, family correspondence and regional economic conditions provide us with a clear picture of the conditions that encouraged migration. However, Moya could have expanded the analysis to ascertain why certain family members emigrate and others do not, or why migration 'fever' affected certain families or family members and not others. Certainly geography played an important role in the Spanish pattern of migration. Most of the early centres of emigration occupied strategic locations along information and transport corridors and, over time, migration fever diffused from the periphery to the centre (p. 103). On the Buenos Aires side of the migration chain, Moya's research seemed to be on less solid footing. In this section of the book, statistics and population cluster analyses tended to overwhelm the human aspect of the immigrant experience. Perhaps the weakest aspect of this section of the study is a real lack of sensitivity to the effect of immigration on the local creole population. In Buenos Aires during the late nineteenth century, the ideologies of civilization and modernization were adopted so enthusiastically by the Europeanizing liberal elites that attitudes towards the creole population translated into an element of 'ethnic cleansing'. The very people who only a few short decades ago had ousted the Spanish elite in order to create an independent Argentina were now being devalued by a government who promoted the European immigrants as more desired citizens. Also lacking in the description of urban assimilation in Buenos Aires is the development of a 'sense of place' from the perspective of the immigrant. Despite these shortcomings, this book is an outstanding example of migration research and ranks as one of the best quantitative studies of its kind this decade. Moya's work is analytically rigorous and written in a very engaging style. I recommend this work highly to anyone interested in the mechanisms that drive the migration process or in understanding the influences that migrants have on their destination countries.


Consumer cloud computing phenomenon has been important in the process of the natural evolution and integration of advancements in many areas such as distributed computing and consumer electronics. In today's era, there are many challenges for security and identity management due to their dynamic nature. Due to this, dynamic federated identity management with improved privacy has emerged as an indispensable technique to have the global scalability and usability necessary for the successful implementation of Cloud technologies. Considering these all things, an IdM architecture based on privacy and reputation standards is presented and using that architecture, an application is developed which will allow user's account management and dynamic data movement when user transfers from one cloud to another cloud. Dynamic trust establishment is an important aspect in this application. Also audit management and privilege transfer of an identity provider are added functionalities. Keywords— Cloud service provider, Identity Provider, Enhanced Client Profile, Identity Management, Privacy, Trust


Summary: Serum β2-microglobulin (β2M) rises in the later stages of HIV disease and has therefore been used to monitor progression to AIDS. However, little work has been done on patients co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis. We studied clinical features and serum β2-M in 35 Tanzanian patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (9 HIV-positive, 26 HIV-negative). The provisional WHO clinical definition of AIDS for use in Africa was fulfilled by 89% of the HIV-positive and 65% of the HIV-negative patients. Median serum β2-M on admission was slightly higher in HIV-positive (3.17 mg/l) than in HIV-negative (2.85 mg/1) patients. Serum β2-M fell during treatment in 17/24 (71%) of HIV-negative and 3/7 (43%) HIV-positive patients followed up for 6 months. We conclude that serum β2-M is frequently raised in active tuberculosis, and is therefore an unreliable indicator of the stage of HIV disease in co-infected patients. The WHO clinical definition of AIDS also proved unreliable in patients with tuberculosis.


We constrain the temporal power spectrum of the specific star formation rate of star-forming galaxies, using a well-defined sample of main sequence galaxies from MaNGA and our earlier measurements of the ratio of the star formation rate averaged within the last 5 Myr to that averaged over the last 800 Myr. We explore the assumptions of stationarity and ergodicity that are implicit in this approach. We assume a single power-law form of the power spectrum distribution (PSD) but introduce an additional free parameter, the "intrinsic scatter", to try to account for any non-ergodicity introduced from various sources. We analyze both an "integrated" sample consisting of global measurements of all of the galaxies, as well as 25 subsamples obtained by considering five radial regions and five bins of integrated stellar mass. Assuming that any intrinsic scatter is not the dominant contribution to the main sequence dispersion of galaxies, we find that the PSDs have slopes between 1.0 and 2.0, indicating that the power (per log interval of frequency) is mostly contributed by longer-timescale variations. We find a correlation between the returned PSDs and the inferred gas depletion times ( ) obtained from application of the extended Schmidt Law, such that regions with shorter gas depletion times show larger integrated power and flatter PSD. Intriguingly, it is found that shifting the PSDs by the inferred causes all 25 PSDs to closely overlap, at least in the region where the PSD is best constrained and least affected by uncertainties about any intrinsic scatter. A possible explanation for these results is the dynamical response of the gas-regulator system of Lilly et al. to a uniform time-varying inflow, as previously proposed in Wang et al.


This paper provides a design instance of supercomputerbased visulization system. It introduces the background of the project, discusses the necessity of visulization technique application and the constrained factors caused by development desktop, analyzes the basic system functions, and gives the structure of the actual system. In the end, the future and the possible application areas of the super desktop based visualization system are analyzed.


The best method of antimicrobial prophylaxis administration for Background: surgical site infection (SSI) in transurethral holmium laser resection and enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)/bipolar transurethral enucleation (TUEB) remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to compare one-day and two-day cefazolin in a randomized 2 -phase study to help establish a protocol with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for SSI prevention. Patients undergoing HoLEP/TUEB for benign prostate hyperplasia Methods: without preoperative pyuria will be enrolled and randomized to receive prophylactic antibiotic administration for HoLEP/TUEB in two groups, 1-day (single dose) cefazolin and 2-day cefazolin. The primary endpoint is the occurrence rate of postoperative urinary tract infection or urogenital infection within 30 days after HoLEP/TUEB with a statistical 95% CI in comparison between those groups. Secondary outcomes include the kind of infectious disease and evidence of diagnosis, day of diagnosis of infectious disease, performance of urine or blood culture, detection of bacteria, treatments, duration of treatments, AEs other than surgical site infection, and drug-induced AEs. The results of this study will provide evidence for defining the Discussion: optimal duration of cefazolin prophylactic antibiotic administration for SSI. This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Trial registration: Information Network-Clinical Trial Registry ( ) based on UMIN000027955 1-3 4 3 5


The temperature‐dependent study of photocurrent of Al/chloropyll a/Ag cells has been carried out. The results show that the photocurrent (Iph), unlike dark current, shows an unusual behavior in that it increases as the temperature decreases. The striking feature is that Iph passes through a maximum and then decreases as the temperature is further decreased or increased. This is interpreted in terms of different efficiency of exciton dissociation into free charges at negatively charged traps associated with changes in microcrystalline structure of chlorophyll a with temperature.


Description of curriculum designed for nonscience majors in the social sciences and humanities, particularly government, political science, and journalism, emphasizing the impact of chemical science on society, risk/reward analysis, and public policy; includes curriculum outline, teaching materials, and case studies.


CNTA Occasional Seminar

 Dr Bill Kruse

 On the value of anthropology for Aboriginal cultural heritage management (TBC)
9:30am
Sir Roland Wilson Theatrette
ANU, Canberra
For more information or to register your interest, contact firstname.lastname@example.com


This paper proposes a hybrid, multiobjective optimization algorithm enabling global optimum tracking in permanent-magnet (PM) traction motor design. The methodology developed is based on the Artificial Bee Colony technique, strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm, and differential evolution strategy ensuring fast and reliable convergence to the optimal Pareto front. The effectiveness of the derived methodology is compared with other well-established and powerful algorithms from the literature through both appropriate test functions and an application example concerning an unequal teeth surface-mounted PM wheel motor design.


Designing parallel applications and parallelizing sequential applications for cluster systems require powerful development tools to achieve scalable, reliable and highly efficient applications. The Intel Cluster Toolkit offers a toolset for development of MPI based applications and enables the developer to build, analyze, and optimize the parallel application. This article will describe the basic functionality and use of these tools.


Among challenges faced by LGBTQ community members throughout the world, workplace discrimination is one that can heavily influence how these individuals adjust their behavior in organizational settings. This study investigates perceptions of workplace discrimination experienced by members of the LGBTQ community in Romania in order to map discrimination patterns and the effects felt by the participants. Through the ten interviews conducted with employees of various organizations from various Romanian cities, this research shows that discrimination is perceived to engender both positive and negative effects, and the timing of coming out is found to be an important factor. Whereas the participants' relationship to their supervisors might not suffer dramatic changes, coworkers seem to engage in various forms of discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, such as microaggressions.


It is important to reveal the effect of terrestrial solar ultraviolet radiation(TSUVR) on the discharge performance of external insulation for the design and operation of power system in regions where have strong TSUVR. Consequently, we use an artificial UV lamp to imitate TSUVR in experiments to research this effect on positive DC discharge. It is found that TSUVR has no obvious effect on breakdown voltage and corona of air-gap positive DC discharge. That is because the wavelength of TSUVR is in the range of 290 ~ 400 nm, and its intensity is less than 200 W/m2, and air, Cu, and Fe can not be photoionized under TSUVR. There is no obvious effect of TSUVR on arc propagation due to energy. Although a part of the photons in TSUVR has higher energy than the work function of Al, Al could be easily oxidized, and the oxide film(Al2 O3) prevents Al from being ionized by TSUVR. Therefore, TSUVR has no obvious effect on positive DC discharge performance of air gap. This research will support the design of external insulation in the regions with strong TSUVR.


Some possibilities of the measuring of microwave characteristics of MMICpsilas and transistors on wafer are presented. The developed software gives opportunities to realize complicated scripts of measurements and testing.


Microcirculations are classified by capillary diameter and speed of blood flow.Each kind of microcirculation has its corresponding method to measure velocity.Fast Fourier Transform(FFT),a kind of signal processing methods,was introduced in this paper.The methods for blood average velocity measurement were analyzed systematically.The conventional methods was improved by introducing new method(FFT) into the measurment.Results show that the measurement become simple after being classified,the real time performance and veracity were improved.Many good results have been obtained from FFT.


As the double-write and backup strategies cause low efficiency of storing massive small files in Ceph FS (file system), we design a framework SFPS (Small File Process System) which adopted three technologies, including: k-means, Simhash and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The designed method can reduce the quantity and redundant data of massive small files by merging similar files after the deduplication with adaptive block skipping. Due to the associated files have high probability to be read in the next time, we also design a pre-fetching mechanism and metadata management module based on the high-efficiency database Redis to guarantee a high efficiency of read rate. The proposed scheme aims to achieve a better trade-off among the utilization of space of hard-disk and bandwidth resources, file access time, hard-disk I/O as well as the cluster performance in Ceph FS by eliminating duplicate copies of repeating data, merging similar small files, and introducing the cache module. Experimental results show that the method presented in this paper can not only effectively improve the utilization of bandwidth resources and space of device storage as well as the small file read rate, but also significantly reduce the amount of disk I/O generated by reading and writing files.


Wheel slips in railway vehicles cause poor acceleration and damage to wheels and rails. Re-adhesion control is widely used to resolve wheel slips in electric motor cars. In re-adhesion control, it has been an important problem to consider appropriately the vehicle dynamic motion, which affects the control performance greatly. In this study, we investigate the mechanism and characteristics of slip misdetection phenomena which occur due to bogie vibration excited during re-adhesion control. We construct a three-dimensional vehicle model including roll motion with parallel Cardan drives. The tangential force coefficient model between wheels and rails includes the influence of translational velocity, slip velocity and wheel loads. The simulation model is validated by comparison with measurements in a test run of a real vehicle conducted in previous research. Simulation results illustrate the behavior of the bogie under traction such as the difference of wheel loads of four wheels and the attitude of the bogie frame. It is shown that continual slip misdetection can occur because of pitch and roll vibration of the bogie frame which is excited during re-adhesion control when the primary vertical damping coefficient is small. The misdetection is prevented by changing the amount of motor torque reduction in re-adhesion control. The appropriate range of the amount of reduction to avoid the misdetection gets narrower as the primary vertical damping coefficient decreases. The primary vertical suspension stiffness and characteristic of tangential force coefficient also affect the occurrence of the misdetection.


First,international competence of Sino-Korea shipbuilding industry with weighted index is evaluated,then each index of international competence of SinoKorea shipbuilding industry is compared,the gap between China and Korea shipbuilding industry is analyzed,finaly the key factors restricting international competence gap between China and Korea shipbuilding industry are found.


This paper discusses the oscillation of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations and delay differential equations. Some new oscillation criteria for the equations are obtained. Asymptotic behavior of solutions for a class of forced perturbed nonlinear differential equations is disscussed.


This paper identifies advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used current sensing methods such as dedicated sense resistor sensing, MOSFET RDS(ON) current sensing, and inductor DC resistance (DCR) current sensing. Among these current sense methods, inductor DCR current sense will become dominant one in the future. The mismatching issue between the time constant made by the current sensing RC network and the one formed with output inductor and its DC resistance is addressed. A small signal model of a buck converter using inductor DCR current sensing with mismatched time constants is presented, and the modeling has been verified experimentally


Using seismic interferometry it is possible to extract the Green's function from recorded measurements of noise or other incoherent signals, it is a way of creating order out off chaos. Since the noise is present at all times, this provides a way to measure seismic velocity changes over time. The seismic velocity in the subsurface, and in buildings, is not constant in time. I will present measurements taken during, and after, the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake to show that deconvolution interferometry can be used to monitor the seismic velocity in the near surface, with a great temporal resolution. The recovery of the seismic velocity typically varies as log-time, which can be related to a spectrum of relaxation processes in the earth.


[Objective]To investigate the prevalence of patients with fatty liver in middle and old age college staff and to analyze the possible reasons.[Methods]The relation of fatty liver and age,sex was studied by analyzing medical checkup datum on 645 college staffs over 40 years old.[Results](1)The rate of fatty liver was 19.21%. There was a obviously difference between male and female.(2)The middle aged men(age 40-49)had evidently higher prevalence of fatty liver than others. The prevalence rate reduced with age increase;while the middle aged female(age 40-49)had obviously low prevalence rate of fatty liver than others. The prevalence rate increased with age.[Conclusion]There is evidently higher sick rate of fatty liver among middle age and aged college staff. Associated factors of fatty liver are maybe irrational meals,fatness and the lack of sport.


The higher level an ability of Self Directed Learning Readiness (SDLR) a student is directly proportional to the level of his performance, as a research of Chakravarthi shows the difference of score SDLR based a semester being undertaken by the subject, where is have an increased score of SDLR in every semester , Showed how longer students take the level of education than make it better the ability of SDLR's level.Objective in this research to determine whether there are differences of SDLR's level in the first year students, second and third in the Faculty of Medicine, Malahayati University. this study used quantitative research with cross sectional approach, the data is primary data, taken using a questionnaire on 444 students of medical school (148 students of the first year, 148 students of the second year, and 148 students of the third-year ) were conducted entirely in January till February 2016.The obtained, there is no comparison of SDLR's level in a first-year student and the third with a p-value is 0.012 (≤ 0.05),  interpretation of the results that there are different levels of SDLR is significant in the first-year students and third year, there was no difference in the first-year students and second year with a p-value 0.094 and also on the second year students and third year students with a p-value 0.358 which both have a p-value ≥ 0.05. There are differences in the level of SDLR in the first-year students and the third year at the Faculty of Medicine, Malahayati University


The dispersal behavior of river sediment plumes from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers were investigated using a 3-D hydrodynamic and sediment transport model implemented for the Louisiana inner shelf to demonstrate the application of numerical models, field data and satellite images to study river sediment plumes for the area. The key tasks of calibration and skill assessment of the model were performed using vertical current profile data from ADCP's deployed at WAVCIS coastal observing stations. Seasonal hydrodynamic features, including inertial oscillations, were also considered for fine tuning of the calibration parameters. Plume dispersion patterns, computed from the sediment transport model, were verified using satellite-derived suspended sediment concentration data. Sediment transport characteristics on the innershelf were simulated for a typical spring season river plume discharge scenario and also when significant sediment resuspension occurred along the shelf, resulting from waves generated during the passage of cold fronts. The results show that the river plumes were significantly influenced by the prevailing spring hydrodynamics along the Louisiana shelf and that the waves also facilitated the resuspension and the transport of fine grained sediments.


HIREX is a suite of three complementary solar-pointed instruments that is being proposed to NASA under the NASA MIDEX announcement of opportunity. The main instrument is a 0.6m clear aperture, 240m effective focal length normal incidence XUV telescope operated at 171 angstrom, with a spatial resolution of 0.01 inch. This main telescope is complemented by two other instruments: 1) a 0.3 m context telescope that images in a wavelength range that covers the UV and XUV spectral regime, based on the TRACE design. This context telescope places the high magnification, limited field of view images created by the high resolution telescope in both spatial and temperature context. 2) A spectrometer covering the spectral range from 170-220 angstrom, based on the SERTS design.


This study was performed to examine the relation ship between knee extension loss and the length of time after injury. We also wanted to compare anterior laxity in anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees in the early and late stages of injury. Loss of knee extension was measured in 81 patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury using lateral radiography with the injured leg relaxed and elevated. Extension loss was defined as the difference in maximal exten sion angle between the injured and uninjured knees. Average loss of extension was 3.6° in the 17 knees in which the anterior cruciate ligament had been torn 3 weeks or less before examination (the acute injury group) and 0.6° in the 64 knees in which the anterior cruciate ligament had been torn more than 3 weeks before examination (the chronic injury group). The extension loss in the acutely injured knees was sig nificantly greater compared with that in the uninjured knees and in the chronically injured knees. Arthro metric measurements using the KT-1000 arthrom eter were reliable to diagnose an acute tear. There was no correlation between the degree of extension loss and arthrometric anterior knee laxity measure ments. In 12 patients, the initial extension deficit in the early stage of injury significantly resolved with time, and manual maximum arthrometric measure ments of anterior knee laxity improved spontane ously with time.


The purpose of this study is to analysize the cause of housing
problems and consider housing policy in housing supply. The cause
for housing problems are as follow. First, the Korea's policy in
housing supply is moving toward ownership. But mostlty, people
without housing ard low wage earner and young couples. Second,
housing policy has problems with the size of housing. Third,
difficulty in housing supply resulted from the increase in housing
price, construction coat, and speculations. Housing policy was
described below. First, current housing policy are needs to be
updated to vitalize the construction of rental housing for the low
income and young couples. Second, the size of public housing needs
to be adjusted. Third, construction cost and the housing price
should be lowered to suppress the incrase in the housing price.


This study examined the effects of restitution on the object throwing behavior of a 13-year-old male with severe retardation. Within a modified reversal design, restitution was shown to maintain object throwing. When the student did not pick up what he threw (no restitution), throwing dropped to zero and was subsequently maintained at a very low rate. The broader issue of data collection for all systematic procedures is discussed. Language: en


Sm,—The literature on trace metals in the plasma or serum in psoriasis is becoming increasingly confusing, so a brief summary of the present position is appropriate. Ponomareva (1966) and Greaves and Boyde (1967) reported significant lowering of the plasma zinc concentration in patients with extensive psoriasis. Similar results were reported subsequently in an American study (Voorhees et al., 1969). By contrast. Withers et al. (1968) and Molokhia and Portnoy (1970) did not find significant lowering of the plasma zinc in a miscellaneous group of patients with psoriasis. A year ago I emphasized the importance of standardizing the surface area of involved skin, and gave data indicating that the plasma zinc concentration is normal in minimal psoriasis but reduced in extensive psoriasis (Greaves, 1971) and I questioned the validity of results such as those of the Manchester workers which failed to take this factor into account. Since our original (1967) paper the importance of other factors including recent intake of food and corticosteroid treatment on plasma zinc levels has been defined (Davies et al., 1968; Fljmn et al., 1971). It is evident therefore that further meticulous work with careful definition of patients and experimental conditions is required.


Broodstock development, breeding, spawning, larval rearing and growth of black Amphiprion ocellaris in captivity are described in this study. The black ocellaris, a magnificent colour morph of A. ocellaris was bred in captivity at Vizhinjam Research Centre of ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI). Two adults, approximately 4-6 cm in total length (TL) were stocked in FRP tanks of 300 l capacity, under optimum water quality. The broodfishes were fed a combination of boiled mussel meat, boiled squid and semimoist feed (protein - 40 %, lipid - 9.5 %, fibre - 2% and moisture - 31%) twice daily at a rate of 3-5% of their body weight. After a period of 1.7 years, the fishes started showing courtship behaviour and initiated spawning. The oocytes were of 3-3.3 mm in length and 1.1-1.9 mm in width. Approximately 200-300 eggs spawned the first time and the number of eggs gradually increased in subsequent spawnings. Spawning was obtained at an interval of 12-14 days providing an average of two spawnings per month. The incubation period of the eggs were 7-8 days and the fertilised eggs hatched on the 8 th day, soon after sunset, generally between 19.00 and 20.00 hrs. Different strains of cultured plankton like Isochrysis galbana


The positively polarized silicon|oxide|electrolyte interface of n-type and p-type silicon was investigated in the oscillatory domain. An ellipsometric microscope was built that allowed the oxide layer thickness during the electrodissolution in fluoride containing electrolyte to be imaged in situ. The analysis of the spatially averaged system revealed that the oscillations emerge in a Hopf bifurcation, which in combination with the dependency of the etch rate on the electrical field formed the basis for the derivation of a mathematical model of the oscillatory instability. In the case of n-type silicon, a novel type of oscillations accompanied by an unusual subharmonic cluster pattern was observed. The base mode of the local oxide layer thickness oscillations was locked to the current density, and the subharmonic modes showed moving Bloch domains or immobile labryrinthine Ising domains.


Inspection of space station windows for micrometeorite damage would be a difficult task insitu using current inspection techniques. Commercially available optical profilometers and inspection systems are relatively large, about the size of a desktop computer tower, and require a stable platform to inspect the test object. Also, many devices currently available are designed for a laboratory or controlled environments requiring external computer control. This paper presents an approach using a highly developed optical interferometer to inspect the windows from inside the space station itself using a self- contained hand held device. The interferometer would be capable as a minimum of detecting damage as small as one ten thousands of an inch in diameter and depth while interrogating a relatively large area. The current developmental state of this device is still in the proof of concept stage. The background section of this paper will discuss the current state of the art of profilometers as well as the desired configuration of the self-contained, hand held device. Then, a discussion of the developments and findings that will allow the configuration change with suggested approaches appearing in the proof of concept section.


Overview of the proposed changes to British nationality law (Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009) whereby citizenship will be 'earned'. Commentary on some of the implications of this change.


This paper presents the design, implemen tation, and usage of OpenSim. OpenSim provides new tools and integrates existing tools into an environment in order to establish a comprehensive facility for performing simulation work. First, OpenSim provides a graphical user interface for creating input files for simulations and for managing output files produced from simulations. Second, tools are provided to help a user easily generate plots from sets of output files associated with a simulation project. Third, OpenSim addresses a common problem for many simulation users, namely, lack of computing capacity to serve the jobs. In order to solve this problem, OpenSim integrates Condor, an existing system that clusters idle workstations into a processor bank, into its environment. Through Condor, users have access to a large amount of computing capacity without interfering with the local usage of workstations by their owners. Finally, since users often plan their schedules according to the deadlines required for their jobs, OpenSim enhances Condor so that users can request jobs to be scheduled within a deadline. Therefore, a user can expect that the amount of computing capacity required for a simulation project will be available before a specified deadline.


A DGLAP next‐to‐leading‐order QCD analysis to extract the diffractive parton distribution functions, using DIS inclusive and dijet diffractive HERA data, is presented. Predictions based on the extracted parton densities are compared to diffractive dijet photoproduction data to discuss factorisation.


Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive disease, which develops from the moment of birth. Lipid deposit in blood vessel intima leads to gradual stenosis and impeding blood flow through tissues and eventually results in broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Clinical manifestations are the consequence of plaque rupture which induce trombogenesis and formation of thrombus and embolus. In this way, the process of thrombogenesis is followed by obstruction of blood vessels. Elimination of risk factors such as obesity, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, improves endothelial function and reduces progression of atherosclerosis. .


This article discusses the parliamentary method, which is one of the modern methods of government formation. The views of legal scholars in this area are revealed and the constitutional and legal foundations for the formation of the highest executive body of foreign parliamentary countries, and its specific features are studied. Also, thanks to the analysis of legal documents on the formation of the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan, its important aspects are identified. A theoretical conclusion is made that the formation of the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan should be carried out on the basis of a parliamentary approach. The author's conclusions about the establishment and implementation of constitutional procedures and principles for the resignation of the government and its members in parliamentary states are based on the following: the use of two methods of forming a government in foreign countries, namely parliamentary and non-parliamentary; the order of formation of the government and the ownership of the executive power depends primarily on the form of government of a particular state; fixing in the constitution important provisions for the formation of the government; government accountability to parliament and the head of state.


In this paper, we investigate the secrecy outage performance in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems taking artificial noise assistance into account. Multiple antennas in the source and a single antenna in both the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper are assumed. Specifically, the transmitted signal at the source is composed of two parts, where the first part is the information symbols and the other is the noise for the eavesdropper. To avoid making noise in the legitimate receiver, these two parts in the transmitted signals are modulated into two orthogonal dimensions according to the instantaneous channel state between the source and the legitimate receiver. We derive an approximate closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) by adopting the Gauss-Laguerre quadrature (GLQ) method, where the gap between the exact SOP and our approximate SOP converges with increase of the summation terms in the GLQ. To obtain the secrecy diversity order and secrecy array gain for the considered SWIPT system, the asymptotic result of the SOP is also derived. This is tight in the high signal-to-noise ratio region. A novel and robust SOP approximation is also analyzed given a small variance of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the eavesdropper. Some selected Monte-Carlo numerical results are presented to validate the correctness of the derived closed-form expressions.