Social media platforms have become a part of our lives, as users spend on average two and a half hours per day. Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter consist the most popular social media channels.1 Nowadays, more and more people are signing in to social media in order to search for medical and nutritional advices about their condition.2 Approximately 2/3 of Americans use social networking applications.3 Today, Twitter has become one of the most well-known social media platforms, with patients and health professionals exchanging opinions concerning healthcare.4 Due to the constantly increasing number of social media users, many scientific journals, conferences and medical societies have created accounts to propagate their research, education, events, and news, respectively.5-7 Currently, there are 48 twitter accounts concerning rheumatology, disseminating up-to-date recommendations and related events.7 However, currently, the number of tweets simultaneously containing the hashtags diet and rheumatic diseases does not exceed 20. A recent study8 provides a unique opportunity to understand patients' opinions concerning treatment options, transforming them to valuable players in decision making. The results of the study indicated that bowel disease (BD) patients turn to twitter to discuss disease symptoms, management options including nutrition therapy -, and BD-specific comorbidities. As far as nutrition-related discussions are concerned, they tend to be focused on gluten-free diet (GFD), and dietary supplements, including probiotics and vitamin D. Furthermore, dietary interventions receive more retweets and favorites than pharmacotherapy and non-dietary interventions, making them appealing to the patient community. Patients' concern about their disease-related symptoms can be better reflected through social media. The severity of their symptoms, according to number of tweets, seems to differ from the objective clinical signs and symptoms that health professionals consider of high priority and examine in their daily clinical practice.9 The search of non-pharmacological approaches by social media users, indicate the lack of information regarding alternative treatment options than can be used as addon therapies. Moreover, a recent study10 showed that direct-to-patients advertisements increase the posts, mainly regarding concerns about safety of the advertising medication, on social media platforms, reflecting the patients desire to be aware of every available treatment alternative.11 In patient-centered disease management, patients' perspectives concerning their disease should be taken into consideration in the treatment algorithm, which will result in higher levels of medication adherence, satisfaction, and quality of life.12,13 Analyzing patients' social media posts, provides data regarding the issues of concern on a patient's perspective. The study of Pérez-Pérez and colleagues8 showed that those suffering from BD are interested in understanding Mediterr J Rheumatol 2020;31(4):382-3


With ultrasonic arrays designed for conventional non-destructive evaluation of non-planar surfaces, significant difficulties are encountered. Typical attempts to solve this problem include the use of a 'shoe'to fit the surface, or an area machined flat for permanent attachment. These, however create additional problems for reliable inspection. An ideal solution would be a small thin transducer conformable to curved surfaces, without necessarily requiring permanent bonding to the test subject. This paper details the design and construction of flexible ultrasonic array transducer which satisfies these requirements. The device we report consists of an active ceramic/polymer platelet configuration, with the platelet aspect ratio greater than five, and a flexible printed circuit board used to support the structure and define the electrodes. Linear systems and finite element (ANSYS) computer modelling have been used to determine material selection and constructional parameters, and a scanning laser vibrometer to confirm the thickness mode behaviour predicted by the finite element work. The operating frequencies of the devices range from 6 to 8 MHz. Pulse-echo mode has been used to detect a variety of flaws in curved test-pieces with the arrays. The devices were attached to test specimens using only Velcro straps, and coupled with a standard couplant gel. Images of the defects are presented to indicate the high-quality data which can be produced, clearly demonstrating the viability of the economical flexible transducer design.


Computer Science education (CSed) often aims to position youth as designers, creators, and those with a voice in their world. But do youth have opportunities to design, create, and have voice aroun...


This paper introduces a method which sets up the machine detection net card into promiscuous mode, and judges whether the net has done it already through sending ARP to check database package and waiting for responses, so as to test whether sniffer exists or not. The method can find out secret sniffers in the dark place in time,and deal with it earlier to ensure the safety of net performances. All these are important for maintaining communication secrecy of net users and safety of transmission of confidential files.The method can also provide reference to the net administrations as well.


The skill of mathematical concept understanding is required to be mastered by the students. But, in fact The skill of mathematical concept understanding of students in SMAN 2 at class X is still low. The factor that caused it happened was the learning which was implemented can't facilitate the students to built their own understanding and knowledge, so that the students difficult to understanding the concepts. The objective of this research is to know wheter the skill of mathematical concept understanding of students who learned by using REACT strategy is better than the students who learned by using conventional method at class X SMAN 2 Payakumbuh. The result of this research is  the skill of mathematical concept understanding of students at class X SMAN 2 Payakumbuh who learned by using strategy of REACT is better than the students who learned by using conventional method at α=0,05. Keywords – strategy of REACT, mathematics learning, skill of mathematical concept understanding


Existing learning-based methods for object pose estimation in RGB images are mostly model-specific or category based. They lack the capability to generalize to new object categories at test time, hence severely hindering their practicability and scalability. Notably, recent attempts have been made to solve this issue, but they still require accurate 3D data of the object surface at both train and test time. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach that can estimate in a single forward pass the pose of objects never seen during training, given minimum input. In contrast to existing state-of-the-art approaches, which rely on task-specific modules, our proposed model is entirely based on a transformer architecture, which can benefit from recently proposed 3D-geometry general pretraining. We conduct extensive experiments and report state-of-the-art one-shot performance on the challenging LINEMOD benchmark. Finally, extensive ablations allow us to determine good practices with this relatively new type of architecture in the field.


From the Publisher:
Hundreds of beautiful color photographs show how to master photography's most popular subject: the art of portraiture. By combining traditional photographic skills with the limitless possibilities offered by digital, this expert guide helps amateurs successfully portray people in the rituals of daily life, frame the figure in the image, utilize high-speed techniques to catch memorable moments, and create a picture essay to document an event. Find out a variety of ways to photograph groups, babies, and children; capture the fleeting expression; and get the right lighting for character and drama. Follow the tips for shooting unobserved on the street and doing reportage; for using wide-angle or medium telephoto techniques; and for dealing respectfully with other cultures. Be the photographer whom everyone wants to record family gatherings, weddings, and other special occasions. And, of course, there's also advice on taking a formal portrait, including how to set up a makeshift studio.


On the base of the in-situ experiment of compaction carried on the foundation improvement project of large-scale integrated oxidation ditch in certain wastewater treatment plant,the construction technology of twice reinforced and once full compaction was put in practice.Results drawn by experiment and calculation indicate the validity of compaction to improve the underlying dredger fill.And the construction parameters of compaction obtained from field experiment in the typical area, could be considered as the reliable techno-evidence of the design and construction in large scale of foundation treatment, thus achieve a ideal effect.


The Illinois Division of Energy undertook an evaluation of the energy impact of remaining agricultural production caused by withdrawing land from agricultural production. An assessment was made on the energy impact in terms of the additional energy needed to produce more corn and soybeans on less area of land. Both direct and indirect energy impacts have been assessed.


During 1998 and early 1999, the months when scandal and impeachment plagued President Clinton, a disconnect was noted between his job approval and favorability ratings. Specifically, Clinton's job approval soared while his favorability ratings dropped. Many commentators took note of this as if it were to be expected. The economy was strong, and Clinton had alienated many with his seamy personal behavior. Hence, the public did not want to remove him from office because of their economic quality of life but neither did the public approve of his personal demeanor. However, we as social scientists and presidency watchers do not know how common it is for the public to view a president on one hand as a capable chief executive and on the other hand as a person of morally flawed character. Nor do we know what the public reaction would be if the president were viewed as being incompetent but was well liked. In other words, what are the connections between favorability and job approval? And on an even more basic level, what are the dynamics and trends of public favorability to the president? In this article, I begin to sort out some of issues. First, I offer a monthly time series indicator of public favorability to the president from late 1991 through 1998. Despite my warnings in using the favorability questions that I raised in an earlier article in the journal (Cohen 1999), a methodology exists that can help construct a reliable time series. From creating such a series, we may be able to overcome some of the issues associated with individual questions that survey organizations use to tap into the public's favorability mood toward the president. Furthermore, by inspecting the temporal dynamics of presidential favorability, we may get a sense of the nature of this public reaction and assessment of its top political leader. It is important for us to expand the scope of our knowledge about public orientations and opinions toward the presidency. Most of our knowledge of this topic is grounded in two types of data: voting studies and the Gallup-type job approval question. However, as Greenstein (1974) wrote almost a quarter of a century ago, the presidency has many meanings to the public. The president is the focal point for public attention about politics, providing leadership through the thickets of politics and a sense of security in a bewildering and often threatening political world. The favorability questions, despite their many flaws and vagaries, offer us a second dimension of public assessment of presidents besides the workhorse Gallup approval-style questions. Whereas the approval questions focus on how well the public thinks the president is doing from a policy perspective, the favorability question focuses more on matters of presidential character. Currently, there is considerable debate over the importance of character in the presidency (Hargrove 1998). Investigation of this question from the lens of public assessments should broaden our understanding of this important issue and aspect of the presidency. Creating an Indicator of Public Favorability to the President Since the late 1970s, polling firms have been asking the public a variety of favorability questions. However, only in the 1990s have those questions been asked frequently enough for us to create a time series. In this article, I present a favorability time series spanning the period from October 1991 to December 1998 that is created by combining such questions from eight organizations: ABC/Washington Post, CBS/New York Times, Fox, Gallup/Time/CNN, Los Angeles Times, NBC/Wall Street Journal, Pew, and Yankelovich/CNN. By combining the polls of these eight organizations, we have favorability ratings for eighty-three of these eighty-seven months. Pushing the data series back earlier into time would dramatically increase the missing data problem. Still, this period includes not only the first six years of Clinton's term but also the last 15 months of the Bush administration, a period noted for highs in job approval that quickly sank once the Gulf War ended and the forces associated with an eroding economy set in. …


It was not too long ago that the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) were precluded from participating in the lucrative supply-chain transactions generated by much larger manufacturers and suppliers. In most cases, SMEs were unable, or unwilling, to spend the necessary capital for transactional system implementations, or infrastructure upgrades. SMEs were at the mercy of their large customers who dictated the transactional standards and technology interface requirements. As a result, many companies lost lucrative contracts due to their inability to meet these mandates, or they lost revenue in order to maintain a business relationship with a large customer. This research looks at the history as well as at some of the changes that have taken place in the relationship between SMEs and their supply-chain partners. Case study data was collected from SMEs participating in a large, multi-tiered supply chain.


UNLABELLED
The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of 99mTc-tetrofosmin cardiac tomography in detecting totally occluded or severely stenosed coronary arteries.

METHODS
Thirty-three patients (32 men, 1 woman; mean age, 52 +/- 9 yr) with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction 40% +/- 12%) underwent resting 99mTc-tetrofosmin SPECT and coronary arteriography within 2 wk. Regional distribution of 99mTc-tetrofosmin activity was compared with the coronary anatomy. Tracer uptake was quantitatively analyzed in 22 segments for each patient. The activity in each segment was expressed as a percent of the peak activity.

RESULTS
A significant relationship between the degree of coronary artery stenosis and 99mTc-tetrofosmin uptake was observed (p = -0.64, p < 0.001). Technetium-99m-tetrofosmin uptake was lower (p < 0.001) in segments with 100% coronary occlusion with poor collateral flow (53% +/- 17%) compared to segments supplied by a vessel with 50%-99% coronary stenosis (75% +/- 20%) or a normal noncritically stenosed artery (85% +/- 10%). Furthermore, 99mTc-tetrofosmin uptake was lower (p < 0.01) in segments with 100% coronary occlusion with poor (53% +/- 17%) compared to those with good collateral flow (70% +/- 20%).

CONCLUSION
These results demonstrate that quantitative analysis of resting 99mTc-tetrofosmin regional uptake detects the majority of segments supplied by occluded coronary arteries with poor collateral flow and suggest that this tracer may be helpful in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.


Simulation models to estimate annual leaf yields of the coca (Erythroxylum coca var. coca) crop should be capable of describing seasonal fluctuations in yields. Knowledge of how the plant recovers from defoliation at each harvest is essential for model development. Coca plants were grown in a greenhouse and allowed to refoliate. The LICOR Plant Canopy Analyzer, the Decagon Sunfleck Ceptometer, the CID Digital Plant Canopy Imager, and counting the number of leaves initiated on a growing point were used to track progress in refoliation Refoliation occurred in two flushes, both of which could be described as a logistic function of time. Plants began to refoliate in 10d. By 17d after defoliation, canopy cover was ≥50%. The second flush of leaf growth occurred at 40d after defoliation and ended within about 10d. The CID digitial plant canopy imager and the LICOR plant canopy analyzer gave very different estimates of the extinction coefficient for light interception measured at five zenith angles. Extinction coefficient values from the CID digitial plant canopy imager were least affected by zenith angle. The number of leaves per growing point was highly correlated with leaf area index. When canopy analyzer instruments are unavailable or conditions are unfavorable for their use, the simple method of counting the number of leaves initiated on a growing point can give good information about coca refoliation.


ABSTRACT The global market for Geographical Indication products is predicated on terroir, the concept of an enduring bond between place, tradition, and taste. Scholarly critiques of terroir have pointed out that the interest in place-based products arose out of the increasingly global circulation of foods and people of the 20th century. I argue that the connection between Geographical Indication products and a world in motion is older, deeper, and worth taking seriously. The development of the raw materials and techniques that give products like wine their unique taste is the result of human mobility and exchange, a process that continues to drive the evolution of the taste of any given place today. Tracing the rise, fall, and reinvention of one of Italy's most famous sparkling wines, I show how global interconnectedness is at the root of local material heritage and tastes. Beyond theoretical debates, an expansive, outward-looking history of cultural heritage is critical to imagining a more dynamic future for producer communities facing the pressures of international markets, migration, and climate change.


Different properties is illustrated,used and produced and operated conditions of oil shale retorting products resulted from different shale oil nature by brief introduction of oil shale diagenesis geological age and analysis of physical and chemical properties of Fushun oil shale and Luozigou oil shale,which functions as the guide for oil shale productive practice,development and utilization.


An emergency plan contains the constraints of resource and time. However, complexity and changeability of emergency environment could influence these constrains, leading to both time and resource lose. Aimed to meet the needs of executive time constraint, a model of plan adjustment for executive exception in emergency logistics distribution is proposed in this paper. Firstly, executive exceptions have been classified and the loss of executive exceptions can be calculated. Then the initial plan, generated by HTN, could be adjusted on the basis of some rules. If the plan cannot be adjusted then the plan should be replanned, in which way the time and resource of replanning can be reduced and total executive time can be under control. Finally, an example of emergency logistics distribution is demonstrated to show the practical applicability of this model.


Phenomenology of Heterotic and Type II Orientifold String Models. (August 2007) Van Eric Mayes, B.S., Texas A&M University; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Dimitri Nanopoulos Cryptons are metastable bound states of fractionally-charged particles that arise generically in the hidden sectors of models derived from heterotic string. We study their properties and decay modes in a specific flipped SU(5) model with long-lived four-particle spin-zero bound states called tetrons. The expected masses and lifetimes of the neutral tetrons make them good candidates for cold dark matter (CDM), and a potential source of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) which have been observed, whereas the charged tetrons would have decayed in the early Universe. We calculate the spectra of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) in an explicit top-down model based on the decays of metastable neutral 'crypton' states. For all the decay operators, the total UHECR spectra are compatible with the available data. Also, the fractions of photons are compatible with all the published upper limits, but may be detectable in future experiments. We also construct several intersecting D-brane models on a variety of orientifold backgrounds. In particular, we construct flipped SU(5), Pati-Salam, and MSSM-like models. The phenomenological properties of these models are studied. For one model in particular, we find that we may explain the quark masses and mixings, the tau lepton mass, and generate small neutrino masses via the see-saw mechanism.


The results of a study of combustion stabilization in a supersonic combustor for Mach numbers 2, 2.5, and 3 are presented. It was shown that the choice of the fuel injection scheme has decisive influence on the mixing efficiency and flame holding. It has been established that the efficiency of combustion stabilization depends essentially on Mach number and total temperature at the channel entrance.


After leaving the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom (UK) needs to re-assert its status as a traditional power on the international stage. To prepare for development in the post-Brexit period, the UK has had many orientations to promote and develop its influence and interests in the world. Since 2016, the three main orientations have been their relationship with the EU, Asia - Pacific, and Africa. Among its partners in Asia, the UK has been making efforts to come up with solutions to strengthen its ties with ASEAN. This article studies some key features of the position of ASEAN in the UK's foreign strategy and efforts to strengthen the UK - ASEAN relations thereby making some comments on the prospect of the relationship between the UK and Vietnam.


We have performed a set of 10/sup -12/ level accuracy frequency measurements on 40 OsO/sub 4/ transitions, which extend over the 1.2 THz optical range from the P(22) to the R(26) /sup 12/C/sup 16/O/sub 2/ lines of the 10.4 /spl mu/m laser emission band. The measurements were made by heterodyning two OsO/sub 4/ saturated, absorption-stabilized, CO/sub 2/ laser radiations, with that of centimetric and millimetric sources, phase locked to a H-maser/Cs-clock. These measurements have been referenced against two OsO/sub 4/ transitions known with 7/spl times/10/sup -13/ uncertainty.


Environmental concerns have made us aware of the importance of utilizing energy supplies more efficiently. In the last two decades the increasing emphasis had been placed on conservation and efficient use of energy from the existing sources and development of technical elements and technologies for energy production from renewable resources. Nowadays saving energy, and using it more efficiently has, in some part of the world become a way of life. It is simply a matter of managing energy consumption by eliminating waste and using only what is needed. Today we are faced with problems of energy resources depletion and energy supply and demand pattern is even more problematic, since the results of sustainable development efforts have failed to materialize yet. The growth of energy demand in the industrialized, but also in developing, world puts us in a position where we will soon be faced with energy insufficiency. The rapid growth of energy consumption and decreasing of oil and gas supplies as major energy sources makes energy today not as available as it used to be. Energy and energy use is the imperative of industrial development and everyday life. Growing environmental awareness point global attention towards interrelationships between development actions and environmental impacts.


The familiar conveniences of information technology—time savings, mobility, economy, and flexibility—have become necessities for working and communicating during the COVID‐19 pandemic. How can the water industry apply this new phase of technology to its best practices long after the pandemic has passed?


The 3D display gives in depth access to the effects of 2 controlled variables on a 3rd variable. The abacus display while 2 dimensional gives easy access to differential patterns as a function of 1 controlled variable on the abscissa and a 2nd controlled variable "on the strings." By using both techniques concomitantly it is possible for both medical and paramedical personnel to obtain topical insights. A 1st such "analytical display" exercise was conducted with Indonesian Maternity Care Monitoring (MCM) data by focusing on perinatal mortality as a dependent variable and by controlling systematically for such factors as education prenatal visits hemoglobin admission status and primary complications of labor/delivery. This report is to demonstrate the feasibility for obstetricians and midwives to develop 3D/abacus multicorrelate analyses with standard computer outputs. The primary consideration is to display facts in a professional and fully accessible way for medical and paramedical personnel. The Indonesian project of MCM generated in late 1980 the 11-university pool of 36802 women with single birth from Autumn 1978 to Summer 1980. This report builds mainly on a table of the standard computer outputs SCO/MOM dealing with primary complications of labor/delivery by maternal age. The 11-center pool serves as denominator and restricted SCOs as numerator. 19 variables were selected from the maternity record i.e residence education age at 1st marriage maternal age parity contraceptive use prenatal visits primary maternal antenatal conditions hemoglobin at admission registration status rupture of membranes type of presentation primary complication of labor and/or delivery maternal blood transfusion primary puerperal condition birth weight primary fetal/neonatal condition Apgar score (5 minutes) and death of fetus/newborn. 2 diagrams show that this multicorrelate study approach leads to touching specifically on fertility information in terms of both behavior (age at 1st marriage contraceptive use) and reproductive attainment (parity by age). This 3D/abacus report displays 1131 proportions of rates that are accessible to both medical and paramedical staff of maternity care provision in Indonesia.


Samples of polyaniline (emeraldine salt) were prepared with different protonic acid dopant, namely hydrochloride acid and sulfuric acid. Easiest chemical method for the preparation a conducting polymer of Polyaniline (PANI-ES) emeraldien salt has been reported in this paper. This polymer microstructure are characterized and analyzed with, HR-XRD diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and UV-vis spectroscopy. Polyaniline (PANIES) exhibit amorphous structure confirmed that from XRD diffraction pattern and FESEM analysis study, the formation of the polymer. The presence of characteristic bonds of PANI-ES was observed from FTIR spectroscopy technique. With absorption peak has been attributed due to quantized size of polyaniline conducting polymer.


Intra‐ and extracellular recordings were made from substantia nigra zona compacta neurones from an in vitro rat brain slice preparation. A subpopulation of dopamine‐sensitive neurones were encountered which were potently excited by bath application of the NK3 receptor agonist, senktide. On these senktide‐sensitive neurones, NK1 and NK2 receptor agonists were inactive. The excitatory action of senktide supports a role for tachykinins as putative neurotransmitters in the basal ganglia.


According to today's circular economy theories, and with the present condition of tourism resources' development and protection, the paper leads the 3R principle into the development and protection, and puts forward that projecting tourism resources' development should respond to today's new "green tourism" trend, and should achieve the sustainable development in tourism at last.


In this paper, the guided-mode resonance filter was fabricated with Si-based materials in a suspended membrane. With the membrane-type structure, the spectral response can be modified with a post deposition of spectrum-modifying layer. With optimized design, the Si-based resonant filter can be adopted as an optical bandstop filter of high rejection ratio within a wide spectral range. © 2005 JSAP


Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is commonly used to downstage locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The degree of response is assessed using a number of subjective tumour regression grading systems. Tumour cell density (TCD) has been developed as an objective linear measure of response and may be more sensitive and reproducible.Patients with MRI-dened LARC received pre-operative CRT using a novel irinotecan-containing regimen, with surgery 9 weeks later. TCD analysis was performed on digitally scanned glass slides. TCD was measured in the pre-treatment biopsy (PTBTCD) and a representative slide from the resection specimen including a 9mm2 area of greatest TCD (GTCD) and the whole tumour area and/or scar TCD (WTTCD). A systematic sample of 300 random points were inserted into each area using virtual graticule software and manually assessed, TCD was expressed as the percentage of informative points falling on tumour cells. The work is presented on behalf of the NWCOG RICE trial investigators and was part-funded by a PathSoc fellowship. 142 patients commenced CRT and 135 underwent surgery. Median TCD for PTBTCD, GTCD and WTTCD was 38.7%, 7.8% and 1.7% respectively. The number (%) of patients with a TCD of 0% was 0 (0%), 30 (23.6%) and 36 (28.3%) respectively. Distribution of TCD was normal in PTBTCD but highly positively skewed post-resection. Low PTBTCD (split by the median) predicted better 3-year disease free survival (DFS; 76% vs. 60%, p=0.05) although not overall survival (OS; p=0.47). Low WTTCD predicted better DFS and OS (DFS 71% vs. 58%, p=0.05; OS 90% vs. 77%, p=0.02) although no dierence was seen for GTCD (p=0.26; p=0.26). Pre-operative CRT markedly reduces TCD in LARC, and provides a continuous measure to compare dierent regimens. In the pre-treatment biopsy, lower TCD may predict improved DFS. Following resection, TCD across the whole tumour and scar more accurately predicts DFS and OS than using a selected area of greatest TCD.


Compression testing is conducted for specimens with well-documented initial damage states obtained from three-point bend testing. Strengths and failure modes are determined for specimens with four quasi-isotropic stacking sequences and two thick nesses. Initial damage prior to compression testing is divided into three classifications based on the extent and location of the damage. These are (1) specimens with short delaminations distributed evenly through the specimen thickness, (2) specimens with few long delaminations, and (3) specimens with local fiber damage in the surface plies under the three-point bend contact point. Specimens without initial damage are also tested in order to determine the effects of the initial damage on the final compression strength and failure modes.


Before the introduction of the cashless policy by the Central Bank of Nigeria in 2011, the Nigerian economy was heavily cash-oriented in its transaction of goods and services contrary to the global trends. With the aid of paired data samples between 2007 and 2017, this study evaluates the impact of cashless policy on the Nigerian payment system. The operations of a cashless economy were assessed based on the use of Cheques, funds transfer channels and Automated Teller Machines (ATMs). Analysis of data showed that the volume and usage of cheques as a means of financial settlement has failed and was partially replaced by electronic payment systems. Banks are getting more involved in the use of interbank fund transfers rather than a cash settlement. It was also ascertained that the use of ATM's as a means of financial intermediation is increasing. It is anticipated that the use of ATMs will become even more popular in Nigeria in the near future. To some extent, the outcome of the study has justified the implementation of the cashless policy initiative in Nigeria. However, the innovation and operations of the policy are not without its related limitations. There are various challenges associated with its practice, ranging from poor infrastructural facilities and difficulty in imbibing the e-payment culture due to illiteracy. Other socio-cultural factors that constitute an impediment include celebrations like weddings, birthdays and festivals. On such occasions, Nigerians prefer to "display or spray raw cash'' rather than issuing cheques. Thus, more effort needs to be put in place by the regulatory authority to re-orientate the masses and to encourage the use of E–payments channels, cheques, funds transfer options and, owning/ operating of bank accounts. This will give a further boost to the development of the Nigerian payment system.


Video Stabilization, which is important for better analysis and user experience, is typically done through Global Motion Estimation (GME) and Compensation. GME can be done in image domain using many techniques or in Transform domain using the well-known Phase Correlation methods which relate motion to phase shift in the spectrum. While image domain methods are generally slower (due to dense vector field computations), they can do global as well as local motion estimation. Transform domain methods cannot normally do local motion, but are faster and more accurate on homogeneous images, and are resilient to even rapid illumination changes and large motion. However both these approaches can become very time consuming if one needs more accuracy and smoothness because of the nature of the tradeoff. We show here that wavelet transforms can be used in a novel way to achieve a very smooth stabilization along with a significant speedup in this Fourier domain computation without sacrificing accuracy. We do this by adaptively selecting and combining motion computed on a specific pair of sub-bands using the wavelet interpolation capability. Our approach yields a smooth, scalable, fast and adaptive algorithm (based on time requirement and recent motion history) to yield significantly better accuracy than a single level wavelet decomposition based approach.


SOHO and YOHKOH images, as well as H α filtergrams and magnetograms from IZMIRAN have been used to analyze the evolution of the related solar phenomena – filament, active region, and accompanying pair of coronal holes – during six solar rotations, with an emphasis on the events observed during August–September, 1996. The whole complex has been considered against the large–scale magnetic fields calculated under the potential approximation. A peculiar point has been found along the changing filament. It is shown that the phenomena under investigation (filament, active region, and coronal hole) form a single complex connected with the magnetic field structure.


Paternal influence, particularly the effect of father absence on son's development, has received considerable scholarly attention (e.g., Archer and Lloyd 1985; Benson 1968; Biller 1976, 1981; Broude 1990; Burton and Whiting 1961; Carlsmith 1964, 1973; D'Andrade 1973; Hamilton 1977; Lamb 1976, 1981; Lynn and Sawrey 1959; Parker, Smith, and Ginat 1975; Santrock 1970; Sears 1951). However, anthropological research on "the effect of the absent father on the development of a girl" has been scarce since Burton and Whiting (1961:94) raised the question for future research more than three decades ago. This study is a step toward filling the lacunae and generating hypotheses on the issue of paternal influence on daughter's development, based on my research on women in politics in South Korea. In this paper, I report and speculate on the intriguing findings regarding the contrastive patterns of father-daughter relationships (as represented by the absence of the traditionally disciplinarian father and the presence of unusually nurturant fathers, respec-


This paper proposes a novel methodology to efficiently simulate shared-memory multiprocessors composed of hundreds of cores. The basic idea is to use thread-level parallelism in the software system and translate it into corelevel parallelism in the simulated world. To achieve this, we first augment an existing full-system simulator to identify and separate the instruction streams belonging to the different software threads. Then, the simulator dynamically maps each instruction flow to the corresponding core of the target multi-core architecture, taking into account the inherent thread synchronization of the running applications. Our simulator allows a user to execute any multithreaded application in a conventional full-system simulator and evaluate the performance of the application on a many-core hardware. We carried out extensive simulations on the SPLASH-2 benchmark suite and demonstrated the scalability up to 1024 cores with limited simulation speed degradation vs. the single-core case on a fixed workload. The results also show that the proposed technique captures the intrinsic behavior of the SPLASH-2 suite, even when we scale up the number of shared-memory cores beyond the thousand-core limit.


The realization of a certain function is implemented as a minimization principle. The input is specified by activating a subnetwork of the network and the output by finding the best path connecting the first layer to the last layer of the active subnetwork. This formulation is very attractive because of the existence of fast parallel algorithms for the implementation of the forward phase and because of the simplicity and speed of the learning phase algorithm that the authors propose. A large class of functions can naturally be implemented within this framework. The particular application chosen is that of the optimization problem for stringed instrument fingering.<<ETX>>


The Lyme Regis district has long been famed for its fossiliferous exposures of Lower Jurassic rocks. Exposures are present in coastal cliffs and foreshore, both to the east of the town, within Dorset, and to the west, mainly in Devon. Indeed, the classical Jurassic sequence for which the Dorset coast is famous, commences in Devon, and it is only in the latter county that the basal part of the sequence is seen, including the boundary with the underlying Triassic System. The aim of this work is to provide an up-to-date review of this classic, earliest Jurassic sequence, with full revision of all recorded ammonite faunas and correlations, combined with new information from recent studies. As the succession west of Lyme Regis, towards Axmouth, is more completely accessible, research has been concentrated in this area, but as some lateral variation does exist in the sequence, additional faunas recorded from east of Lyme Regis are explicitly stated as such. The former exposures lie almost entirely within the Axmouth to Lyme Regis Undercliffs National Nature Reserve (Figure 1). The reserve is protected for its geological and ecological features through the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949, the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, as amended by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2001, and the Conservation (Natural Habitats) Regulations, 1994 and advice regarding access and sampling protocols should be sought from English Nature, Devon Team, Renslade House, Bonhay Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 3AW, U.K.


Journal of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Case Reports 2019 Jan-April;5(1):21-23 Consultant of paediatricanaesthesia , KK Women's and Children's Hospital, singapore, Singapore Address of Correspondence Consultant dermatologist, Dermatology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, singapore, Singapore Medical Doctor, Anaesthesiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, singapore Medical Doctor, Anaesthesiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, singapore Dr. Felicia Su-Yen Tan, Email: email@example.com © 2019 by Journal of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Case Reports| Available on www.jaccr.com | This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Journal of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Case Reports Volume 5 Issue 1 Jan-April 2019 Page 21-23 21 | | | | | The patient was a 2-year-old female toddler with a known history of HI, who was admitted for a right Type IV Monteggia radio-ulnar mid-shaft fracture with radial head dislocation secondary to a mechanical fal l . She was listed for an emergency intramedullary pinning of the right radius and closed reduction of the right radial head under general anaesthesia. During the preoperative assessment, it was noted that she had an acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) with a 7-day history of clear rhinorrhoea, productive cough, and positive sick contacts. She was afebrile and haemodynamically stable with normal saturation on room air. Her cardiorespiratory examination was unremarkable with no lower respiratory tract signs. Bilateral ectropion, eclabium and generalized erythematous skin with thick scaling and fissuring over the face, neck, trunk, and extremities were noted. Mouth opening was limited at 2 fingers-breadth due to bilateral deep perioral fissures. Her Mallampati score was III with adequate thyromental distance and neck mobility. Her clinical diagnosis of HI was made at birth. R o u t i n e a n t e n a t a l c h e c k s w e r e unremarkable, and she was delivered at 40 weeks gestation via elective caesarean section fora breech position. At birth, she had severe ectropion, eclabium, alopecia and thick platelike scales covering her body and limbs. Her initial stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) was complicated by difficult venous access, skin infection, dry gangrene of the digits with subsequent auto-amputation of both hands. The medical management of her HI comprised intensive skin emollients, oral retinoids (acitretin 1.25mg/kg/day) and r e g u l a r e y e d r o p f o r l u b r i c a t i o n . Confirmatory gene testing revealed the presence of a mutation in the ABCA12 gene. She had been on regular follow-up with a dermatologist since her discharge from NICU, with satisfactory control of her ichthyosis. She had been fasted for 7 hours prior to surger y and was deemed to have low aspiration risk. As such, general anaesthesia was induced with sevoflurane 8% in an airoxygen mixture and intravenous access achieved thereafter. A lubricated size 2 Proseal Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)© was inserted and anaesthesia maintained with 2-3% Sevoflurane with pressure support ventilation via the circle circuit. Dermatology input was sought on wound dressings, with a choice of Urgotul© dressing after application of tetracycline 3% ointment to her wounds. At the conclusion of the surgery, special care was taken when removing the diathermy pads and ECG leads. White soft paraffin was applied over her body and lips for further lubrication. Deep extubation was performed Due to the presence of bilateral eye ectropion and eyelid contractures, her eyes remained exposed in sleep. Vidisic® gel and a cotton gauze covering were applied for lubrication and eye protection. Passive and active war ming techniques were employed including an underbody Bair Hugger® blanket and occlusive plastic coverings. A nasopharyngeal temperature probe was inserted for intra-operative temperature monitoring. Introduction Harlequin Ichthyosis (HI) is a rare autosomal recessive form of congenital ichthyosis associated with a mutation in the gene ABCA12. This mutation leads to a defect in intracellular lipid deposition, resulting in disruption of the skin barrier [1]. Patients present at birth with thick plates of stratum corneum separated by deep fissures covering the entire skin surface, with complications of restricted chest wall excursion and digital necrosis [2]. These patients are at an increased risk of sepsis, respiratory failure, d e hy d r a t i o n a n d t h e r m o r e g u l a t o r y dysfunction [3]. We present a case of a child with HI who underwent an emergency upper limb surgery under general anaesthesia at our tertiary paediatric hospital, the anaesthetic challenges faced and the stepsare undertaken to overcome them.


Based on mice biodistribution data, absorbed doses in humans due to intravenous administration of 13N-NH3 ? H2O can be estimated, so as to evaluate the safety of PET diagnosis with 13N-NH3 ?H2O in humans. 13N-NH3 ? H2O was injected into mice through a tail vein. At 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min after the injection, the mice were killed by cervical fracture and biodistribution in mice was determined. Radiation dosimetry in humans was calculated on the base of organ distribution in mice and the standard MIRD method using radioactivity-time curves for humans. The liver in humans received the highest dose of 3.6×10-3 mGy/MBq. The whole body received the lowest dose of 1.7×10-3 mGy/MBq, and other organs received doses between 2.4 ×10-3 and 3.3 ×10-3 mGy/MBq. The effective dose was estimated to be 1.8×10-3 mSv/MBq. These results were comparable to values of absorbed doses reported by other authors on radiation dosimetry of this radiopharmaceutacal. Human radiation dosimetry can be performed by the mice biodistribution data and important data for clinical safe trial of N-NH3 ? H2O are provided. 13


The effect of polyvalent antireticular cytotoxic serum (ARCS) produced by the hyperimmunization of rabbits by composition of rat tissues, such as the bone marrow, the spleen, lymph nodes, the thymus, the liver and the thyroid gland, on a clinical course and the outcome of the acute radiation sickness was studied in experiments with Wistar rats. Statistically significant increase in 30-day survival rate up to 66.7 % (with 18.8-13.3 % in control groups) due to activation of metabolic processes (shortening of the time before beginning recovery of body mass of irradiated rats from 20-25 to 5-10 days) and acceleration of the hematopoiesis recovery estimated by bone marrow cellularity, leukocytes and reticulocytes content in the peripheral blood were observed.after administration of stimulating doses of ARCS to rats right after gamma irradiation (8.0 Gy with dose rate of 81.48 cGy/min).


The research aims to determine the application of the Raw Material inventory Accounting System at PT  Industri Kapal  ndonesia (Persero). The type of research used s descriptive qualitative. Data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research conducted from July to September 2021. The results showed that the accounting system for raw material inventory at PT Industri Kapal  Indonesia (Persero) has been effective, this can be seen by the existence of  interrelated functions. Then the  inventory recording method used  is the perpetual recording method and the FIFO (First  In First Out) valuation method. And the procedures that form the inventory system at PT Industri Kapal  Indonesia (Persero) are quite good because of the division of tasks and documents that can be accounted for.


In the framework of the dissertation, the topic "Presentation of a Car Driving System Simulation Program and its Use for Educational Purposes in School" will be examined. The reason for this was my participation due to my practice at school and the need to include such a proposal in the Technology lesson. The simulation program proposed to be used is Algodoo, a well known machine simulation program and not only widely used and especially abroad for educational purposes. The proposal of the structure of the dissertation thesis concerns its structure in two parts, the bibliographic and the practical. The bibliographic part of the study will analyze the bibliography on the educational process using new technologies in education, with a view to enhancing it. The second part consists of a brief presentation of the Algodoo program and then a presentation of the simulation that will be constructed and will concern the car steering system in a simple, understandable and separable manner from the students and the way in which it can be exploited and have educational results.


Cutting is one of the most important processes in the manufacturing industry, but the cutting load has not been taken into account for preventive maintenance of the equipment. Therefore, we focused on the relationship between the spindle motor and cutting resistance, and developed the system to measure cutting resistance with a CT sensor during machining process, then classified the data for preventive maintenance of cutting machines.


The muonic x-ray cascade in Fe has been measured with Ge detectors. The intensities of 103 x-ray lines from the K, L, M, N, and O series were determined and compared with cascade calculations. The best ''initial distribution'' at principal quantum number n=20 does not strongly depend on the angular momentum. (AIP)


Managing business processes in a (semi)-automated manner remains challenging, especially when processes span across two or more companies. This area of interest, also named inter-organizational process management, faces challenges like correctness, traceability and trust of data objects and message flows. There are different solutions in existence which are aimed at tackling the aforementioned challenges. These range from electronic data interchange through the use of trusted third parties to solutions which use blockchains. However, a detailed comparison of currently employed solutions and suggested alternatives is still missing. We aim to fill this gap and furthermore provide a method that helps to choose the best-fitting architecture based on business needs.


This paper presents analytical and simulation studies of wind farms (WFs) connected to power system through a unified interphase power controller (UIPC), which should control power flow and the short-circuit contribution of WF. The UIPC is based on an interphase power controller (IPC) in which the phase-shifting transforms are replaced by two series converters (SECs). In this paper, the UIPC model is developed based on phase angles of injected SEC voltage and a control scheme is proposed to control power flow and limit the short-circuit contribution of WF. The WF model is based on an equivalent aggregated variable-speed double-fed induction generator. The PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results show that the UIPC is an effective and novel solution for power-flow control and limitation of short-circuit contribution of WF in power systems.


This paper presents detailed simulation of grid tied photovoltaic (PV) based an electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. The EV charger can work in both modes of power flow i.e., grid to vehicle (G2V) and vehicle to grid (V2G), which can be employed in diverse load power requirement scenarios. The overall system uses various converters at each stage, boost converter for harnessing solar PV power, a bi-directional buck-boost converter for EV charging, and a voltage source converter (VSC) with LCL filter for integrating overall system with the grid. The controlling of DC-DC boost converter for extracting peak power output is done using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. The controller associated with bidirectional buck-boost converter is used for controlling power flow of battery pack. Moreover, the controller of grid side bidirectional AC-DC converter is utilized for controlling DC-link voltage. The system presented in this paper contributes towards maximizing energy output from PV system with perturbation and observation (P&O), uninterrupted EV charging, enhancing grid performance and using EV as a form of energy storage system when required. Extensive simulation for various power flow modes have been performed to verify the aforementioned claims. The overall design and simulation work is executed in MATLAB/Simulink software and results are confirmed for various input conditions.


Abstract
 We examine the consequences of land tenure insecurity on economic growth in Brazil. We use an overlapping generations model with two sectors: an agricultural sector and a manufacturing sector. Land is specific to the agricultural sector and capital goods are specific to the manufacturing sector. Moreover, land is a fixed production factor. Saving takes the form either of land or capital goods purchases and saving composition depends on transaction costs generated by land tenure insecurity. It is shown that land tenure insecurity implies a decrease in land prices and a reallocation of saving in favor of capital goods. Two empirical restrictions can be tested on a panel of the Brazilian federal states: land tenure insecurity has a negative impact on land prices and a positive impact on economic growth. Land tenure insecurity is proxied by the number of squatters. These two restrictions are not rejected.
 JEL Classification: O41, Q15, O54


Columnar defects (CDs) along <italic>a</italic>-axis were installed into an in-plane aligned <italic>a</italic>-axis-oriented <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{YBa}_{2}\text{Cu}_{3}\text{O}_{y}$</tex-math></inline-formula> film by using heavy-ion irradiation, in order to clarify the influence of CDs on flux pinning properties around <italic>B</italic> || <italic>ab</italic>. The critical current density <italic>J</italic>c at <italic>B</italic> || <italic>c</italic> significantly decreases after the irradiation, since the CDs act as a channel for flux creep along their length. The magnetic field dependence of <italic>J</italic>c at <italic>B</italic> || <italic>ab</italic>, on the other hand, is weakened by the introduction of CDs. This means that the CDs can trap flux lines at <italic>B</italic> || <italic>ab</italic>, whereas naturally growth defects working as effective <italic>ab</italic>-correlated PCs exist. The trapping angle of CDs along the <italic>a</italic>-axis is extremely narrow (∼5.8°) in comparison with CDs along the <italic>c</italic>-axis and is roughly coincides with other <italic>ab</italic>-correlated PCs. The small trapping angle of CDs along the <italic>a</italic>-axis is attributed to strong line tension energy of flux lines with elliptical core around <italic>B</italic> || <italic>ab</italic>.


Conformal mapping techniques are used to obtain analytic closed-form expressions for the characteristic impedance of asymmetrical coplanar waveguides with infinite dielectric thickness. The line asymmetry lends to a decrease of the average performance range of line characteristic impedances.


The aquifer Cuautitlan-Pachuca occupies the northern portion of the basin of the Valley of Mexico, justifying its name from the presence of Cuautitlan in the State of Mexico and Pachuca in Hidalgo. This aquifer is overexploited at present, because the recharge is less than abstraction, for this reason in this work was estimated sustainability of the aquifer, using the framework for assessing management systems incorporating natural resources sustainability indicators (MESMIS). We performed a longitudinal study comparing of two systems, the first was analyzed for the period 1970-1990 (reference system) and the second for the period 1991-2010 (alternative system). They analyzed 14 environmental indicators, economic and social, for the two periods. We found that environmental and economic aspects present the greatest setbacks over the years, in the case of social indicators showed progress toward equity. We also found that 9 of the indicators presented closer to the optimum value proposed in the reference system and only five showed a close to optimal in the alternative system. The results show that the aquifer is less sustainable today. Recibido: 28 de noviembre de 2011 Aceptado: 27 de febrero de 2013 doi: 10.5154/r.rchscfa.2011.11.086 http://www.chapingo.mx/revistas PALABRAS CLAVE: Indicadores, sobrexplotación, económico, social, ambiental.


Due to developments in modern chemistry, previously undruggable targets are becoming druggable thanks to selective degradation using the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation system. PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional molecules designed specifically to degrade target proteins (protein of interest, POI). They are of significant interest to industry and academia as they are highly specific and can target previously undruggable target proteins from transcription factors to enzymes. More than 15 degraders are expected to be evaluated in clinical trials by the end of 2021. Herein, we describe recent advances in the design and development of PROTAC-mediated degradation of histone deacetylases (HDACs). PROTAC-mediated degradation of HDACs can offer some significant advantages over direct inhibition, such as the use of substoichiometric doses and the potential to disrupt enzyme-independent HDAC function. Herein, we discuss the potential implications of the degradation of HDACs with HDAC knockout studies and the selection of HDAC inhibitors and E3 ligase ligands for the design of the PROTACs. The potential utility of HDAC PROTACs in various disease pathologies from cancer to inflammation to neurodegeneration is driving the interest in this field.


In this Update, we provide an overview of selected studies published in 2010 in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and other journals focusing on novel findings on acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We attempt to highlight key articles that advanced our understanding on clinical and basic aspects of critical illness.


: The element of the first series that is from Cerium to Lutetium ( 58 Ce to 71 Lu), which form a part of the sixth period are called lanthanides. These fourteen elements form 4f inner transition series. They are heavy metals. Their Laser properties were demonstrated in early sixties by Whan and Crossby. In this study two rare-earth Neodymium and Erbium have been taken. Due to electrostatic and magnetic interactions, there exist energy levels associated with rare-earth element. The energy levels of these elements can be expressed in terms of four parameters (F 2, F 4, F 6 ) and Landes parameter. By taking their spectra, we know position of energy levels. Both Neodymium and Erbium complexes are studied in solvent form. Ten peaks are observed for Neodymium and eight peaks are observed for Erbium in visible region. Due to complexation some of the absorption bands are modified and become more intense. These bands are due to hypersensitive transitions known as hypersensitive bands. Occurrence of these bands is explained by Judd.


In response to the ever increasing need of chemical biology for new tools, a wide variety of new, highly selective reactions have been described. Herein we report a summary of recent developments and the historical background on bioorthogonal ligation reactions.


In this paper,an automatic data processing system based on RS232 C serial port and GPIB parallel port communication at the same time is designed and implemented with object oriented programming design language,Visual Basic 5.0,and a special problem about conveying ASCII code for programmable instruments command words in Visual Basic 5.0 and higher version is discussed and solved.


In his article 'How Satisficers Get Away with Murder', Tim Mulgan argues that satisficing consequentialism cannot make good on its promise to avoid the Demandingness Objection, while at the same time avoid a devastating counterexample. 1 In what follows, I argue that Mulgan fails to demonstrate what he intends to. However, his argument does pose a challenge to proponents of satisficing consequentialism to spell out in more detail a key component of their theory. Just so we have it in front of us, (my version of) satisficing consequentialism is the conjunction of two claims:


~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Huge thanks to Susan Hopkins, Dan Simberloff, Kerin Motsinger, Amian Kelemer, Katie Greenman, Karel Kilimnik, David Todt, Barbara Gruener, Mara Sapon-Shevin, and Shoshana Hoose for providing ideas and reviewing drafts of this guide. Teachers' guide copyright © 2001 by Phillip Hoose. Illustration copyright © 1998 by Debbie Tilley. All rights reserved. No part of this educational supplement may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher, except when used for nonprofit means.


This paper considers the causes of thc violence that occurred in Northern Ireland from 1968 to early 1971; from the start of the campaign by the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) until the opening of the campaign by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). Two explanations have been offered for why violence took place during this period. The most popular explanation put forward by journalists, academics, commissions of inquiry, and accepted by British politicians and policymakers, is that violence was a response by the Catholic population to serious and systematic discrimination against them by the Protestants. The second view, put forward by the Protestants, and dismissed by almost everybody else, is that Catholic support for NICRA and the violence associated with the civil rights campaign reflected traditional nationalism. The paper is divided into four parts. The first section presents the conventional account of Catholic grievances. In the second section the economic and political situation of the Catholic minority is examined and it is found that the extent of discrimination against Catholics has been considerably exaggerated. In the third section it is shown that contrary to the popular view nationalism was not declining among the Catholic population and that there was a much greater association between nationalism and NICRA than is generally acknowledged. The fourth section presents a statistical test of the relationship between Catholic grievances, Catholic nationalism and the geographical distribution of violence.


The case of a female infant with an unusual chromosome 7 associated with cleft lip and palate is reported. The patient was the first child of nonconsanguineous healthy parents and was born when her father was 37 years old and her mother was 30 years old. The family history was unremarkable. Delivery was induced at 40 weeks after an uneventful pregnancy. Abnormal findings were cleft lip and palate, a bulbous nose, ocular hypertelorism, abnormal skull shape and long eyebrows. Chromosome analysis showed her karyotype to be 46, XX, -7, +der (7), t (Y:7)(q11.2:q36.3)


A prefabricated superimposed main beam and auxiliary beam connecting structure comprises a main beam and an auxiliary beam which are connected together through a connecting member. The main beam comprises a prefabricated portion and a superimposed portion, the auxiliary beam comprises a prefabricated portion and a superimposed portion, the connecting member comprises a supporting end arranged on the upper surface of the prefabricated portion of the main beam and coated by the superimposed portion of the main beam, a prefabricated end prefabricated on the prefabricated portion of the auxiliary beam and coated by the superimposed portion of the auxiliary beam, and a connecting portion connecting the supporting end with the prefabricated end and coated by the superimposed portion of the auxiliary beam, the connecting member is made by adopting two parallel flat plates, a first reinforcing ribbed plate and multiple rivets perpendicular to a prefabricated end flat plate are arranged inside the prefabricated end, the connecting portion comprises two parallel flat plates and is provided with a second reinforcing ribbed plate, and the supporting end is provided with a supporting subplate. Concrete is adopted to perform cast-in-place fixing on the upper surfaces of the main beam, the auxiliary beam and the connecting member to form the whole prefabricated superimposed main beam and auxiliary beam connecting structure. The prefabricated superimposed main beam and auxiliary beam connecting structure is stable, high in connecting strength and high in drawing resistance, generation of inclined cracks of a prefabricated superimposed beam is avoided, and loading capacity and building quality are improved.


Clustering protocols have proven to increase the network throughput, reduce delay in packet transfer and save energy. Hence, in this work, we propose a novel clustering protocol that uses firefly algorithm inspired approach towards improving the existing basic LEACH protocol for reduction in steady-state energy consumption, aiming to enhance the network lifetime. The simulated results prove that implanting these kinds of computational intelligence into the pre-existing protocols considerably improves its performance.


In this study, the adsorption of widely used antibiotic, oxytetracycline (OTC) onto sodium (Na + ) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) modified zeolite was investigated. Adsorption studies were carried out at different OTC concentrations, initial pH's, and adsorbent dosages. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to Freundlich model. Antibiotic adsorption on HDTMA-zeolite exhibited stronger pH dependence and 90% antibiotic removal was achieved at pH 8 and maximum OTC adsorption of Na-zeolite 88% occurred at pH 6.5. The kinetic models including pseudo-first and second order were tested to determine adsorption model for kinetics. The effect of various ions on the adsorption of OTC by Na and HDTMA-zeolite was also investigated. While the presence of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, chloride, and sulfate ions lead to decrease the sorption of OTC onto Na and HDTMA-zeolite, bicarbonate ion lead to improve the adsorption of OTC on HDTMA - zeolite. NH 4+ and OTC were simultaneously removed from water by Na-zeolite.


This chapter examines the constitutional signifi cance of the doctrine of the legislative supremacy of Parliament. It considers the traditional view of this doctrine which holds that Parliament is legislatively omnicompetent. It also takes into account the new view of the doctrine. Adherents of this view argue that whilst there are no limits on Parliament as to subject matter, Parliament can bind itself in terms of the manner and form of legislating. The chapter also considers the effect on legislative supremacy of the following: the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949; the Acts of Union; the UK's membership of the EU; devolution; and the Human Rights Act 1998.


Amorphous polyarylene ether homo- and copolymers were synthesized which were based upon bisphenol A and either 4,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone, 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone or 4,4'-difluorodiphenyl phenylphosphine oxide. Solution blends were prepared from these homo- and copolymers with linear bisphenol A based polyhydroxyether, which was used as a model for the epoxy or vinyl ester thermosetting matrix resins for composite materials. It was observed that transparent, single Tg blends could be prepared from the phosphine oxide containing homopolymer and a 50/50 phosphine oxide/dichlorodiphenylsulfone copolymer. The other homopolymers produced materials with two Tg's, implying that they were definitely phase separated systems. Thermogravimetric analysis was also conducted and the phosphine oxide blends produced high char yields suggesting utilization in fire-resistant applications. The miscibility of the phosphine oxide material has been attributed to specific hydrogen bonding interactions observed between the phosphine oxide bond and the secondary hydroxyl group in the polyhydroxy ether. This hydroxyl functionality is also present in the epoxy and vinylester precursors and it is suggested that these materials could be utilized as interface sizings for carbon fibers, which would produce a graded microstructure between the fiber and the polymer matrix systems.


Recently, evidence-based community policy approaches to preventing substance use and alcohol abuse, called environmental strategies, have gained in popularity. The environmental survey instrument (ESI) was developed to evaluate perceptions around drinking and related problems. Specifically, the authors were interested in assessing community perceptions about prevention practices. The 53-item self-report survey tool collects data on alcohol consumption patterns and risky behaviors such as drinking-while-intoxicated (DWI) rates. Data from the ESI collected through phone survey methods in 2008 were used for scale development analysis. The α for the total 53 subscale items on the ESI was .73. Overall, the results from the correlation matrix showed high levels of statistical significance with many items reporting p values less than .001. Additionally, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to examine the conceptual linkage across items in the instrument subscales. The EFA showed a link between previously theorized intervening variables and statistically derived factors. The results of the ESI study were encouraging, and findings from it can help inform future research on measurement of environmental strategies.


This paper seeks to predict globalisation using agent models and a combination of evolutionary game theory and irrational bias. In this paper, we use a new evolutionary process in themodel, wherewe set several complex parameters and trade-offs to set the payoff matrix and its change in real-time. We define a new dynamic evolutionary process to ensure that each agent can choose its interests in the simulation of globalisation and also the model include irrational agents in the model to test the usefulness of the new dynamics against a control group without irrational agents.


It requires different safety programs from those of the typical train control systems to develop AGT systems applying train control system based on communication technology. Especially Advanced LRT system involves the processes that have the various safety functions being conducted by softwares and also have characteristics that should have special interest in validation of interface specification. The core items for the safety engineering for LRT control systems are hardware & software engineering, safety-critical system safety engineering, application saft ware validation & verification technologies. In this paper the trends of the technologies for the mentioned core-items are described.


Printed rectangular monopole antenna with small U-notch in the radiating patch and ground plane is presented and discussed. To obtain the wide band response, small U-notches in the radiating patch is introduced. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is ranging from 3.09 GHz to 13.82 GHz which covers the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) range. The antenna is fed via a microstrip line matched at 50 Ω impedance. The proposed antenna performance is studied and analyzed using Mentor Graphics IE3D simulation software. Good return loss, bandwidth and radiation pattern characteristics are obtained in the frequency band of interest.


The expenditure structure of farmers and herdsmen is an important index to estimate their standard of living. Indexes such as proportion of productive expenditure or consumptive expenditure could intuitively reflect the richness degree of this area. The Engal-quotiety is universally used to judge regional development level in the world. On the basis of spot-check investigation' s data, this paper analyzed the expenditure structure of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet and discovered that: (1) Counties with higher revenue of the tertiary industry or the primary industry expend more on production, whereas counties with higher revenue of natural resource and counties in pasturing area expend less on production; (2) The proportion of consumptive expenditure of the whole Autonomous Region is on the high side, and the residents are mostly in poverty, in line with the Engal Law; (3)Families with low revenue expend a little on production, so the output is low too, falling into a vicious circle; (4) Counties with high revenue of resources expend the lest on production, and the residents depend largely on Chinese herbal medicine resources, so the economy development isn't sustainable; (5)The less of resident's revenue, the simpler the expenditure structure.


Ad hoc networks, formed by multiple wireless communication devices without any connection to wired or intermediary devices such as by access points, are widely used in various situations to construct flexible networks that are not restricted by communication facilities. Ad hoc networks can rarely use existing infrastructure, and no authentication infrastructure is included in these networks as a trusted third party. Hence, distinguishing between ordinary and malicious terminals can be challenging. As a result, black hole attacks are among the most serious security threats to Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing, which is one of the most popular routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks. In this study, we propose a defense method against black hole attacks in which malicious nodes are actively detected to prevent attacks. We applied the proposed method to a network containing nodes engaging in black hole attacks, confirming that the network's performance is dramatically improved compared to a network without the proposed method.


Objective
To construct an hospital specialized integrated perioperative blood glucose management model, and analyze its effects on perioperative blood glucose management of non-endocrine patients.

Methods
In March 2017, under the leadership of Nursing Department, a specialized integrated diabetes nursing team was established, with 48 nurses from various departments as liaison nurses setting up the hospital diabetes nursing team. From April to July 2017, diabetes management knowledge was given to the liaison nurses, and the whole course management of blood glucose in patients during perioperative period were formulate and supervised to carry out in departments. The theoretical knowledge scores of diabetic nurses before and after training, and the quality of insulin management and bedside blood glucose detection in 45 non-edocrine wards before and after the implementation of integrated perioperative blood glucose management were compared. The incidence of abnormal blood glucose in gynecologic patients without diabetes mellitus history after the implementation of integrated perioperative blood glucose management was analyzed.

Results
After training, the scores of diabetes basic knowledge, insulin injection related knowledge and blood glucose detection related knowledge of diabetes liaison nurses were (79.60±6.56) , (80.57±7.77) and (81.15±6.21) respectively, with statistically significant differences compared with those before training (P<0.01) . After the implementation of integrated perioperative blood glucose management, the scores of insulin management quality and bedside blood glucose detection quality in non-endocrine specialty ward were (93.42±3.92) and (93.51±2.73) respectively, which were higher than those before the implementation of integrated perioperative blood glucose management, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01) . After the implementation of integrated perioperative blood glucose management, the detection rate of abnormal blood glucose in gynecologic patients without diabetes mellitus history was higher, reaching 38%.

Conclusions
Specialized integrative blood glucose management has improved the diabetes-related knowledge of liaison nurses, improved the quality of diabetes care in non-endocrine specialty wards, and promoted the standardization of blood glucose management system in perioperative patients.

Key words:
Diabetes; Perioperative period; Blood glucose management; Integrated


With the expansion of smart agriculture, wireless sensor networks are being increasingly applied. These networks collect environmental information, such as temperature, humidity, and CO2 rates. However, if a faulty sensor node operates continuously in the network, unnecessary data transmission adversely impacts the network. Accordingly, a data-based fault-detection algorithm was implemented in this study to analyze data of sensor nodes and determine faults, to prevent the corresponding nodes from transmitting data; thus, minimizing damage to the network. A cloud-based "farm as a service" optimized for smart farms was implemented as an example, and resource management of sensors and actuators was provided using the oneM2M common platform. The effectiveness of the proposed fault-detection model was verified on an integrated management platform based on the Internet of Things by collecting and analyzing data. The results confirm that when a faulty sensor node is not separated from the network, unnecessary data transmission of other sensor nodes occurs due to continuous abnormal data transmission; thus, increasing energy consumption and reducing the network lifetime.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a new identifiability condition by using the logarithmic calibration for the multiplicative distortion partial linear measurement errors models, when neither the response variable nor the covariates in the parametric part can be directly observed. We propose a logarithmic calibration estimation procedure for the unobserved variables. Then, a profile least squares estimator is proposed, associated with its asymptotic results and confidence intervals construction. For the hypothesis testing of parameter, a restricted estimator under the null hypothesis and a test statistic are proposed. The asymptotic properties for the estimator and test statistic are also established. We employ the smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty to select relevant variables. Simulation studies demonstrate the performance of the proposed procedure and a real example is analysed to illustrate its practical usage.


We numerically studied vortex configurations in superconducting isosceles right triangles. We found the solution of the London equation using Green's function method. Then the Gibbs free energy for an arbitrary configuration was obtained. Using molecular dynamic simulation, we calculated the stable configurations for specific vorticities. The filling rulers were revealed by analyzing these states. Moreover, by changing the sample size, we found that many configurations are sensitive to sample size, which shows a very strong size effect. Lastly, general rules of the size effect were summarized.


Oxidative stress induced by ischemia‐reperfusion causes severe secondary injury in stroke patients. The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and the challenges in targeting the stroke core hinder the therapeutic effect of drugs. This study introduces a precise biomimetic drug delivery system called SHp‐NM@Edv/RCD (SNM‐NPs), which possesses multiple stepwise targeting capabilities. SNM‐NPs are encapsulated by the neutrophil membranes (NMs) and exhibit a targeting effect (5.16‐fold) on the inflammatory microenvironment. The modification of stroke‐homing peptides (SHp) makes SNM‐NPs target damaged neurons faster, with a targeting efficiency 5.68 times higher than that of β‐cyclodextrins (RCD). Then, RCD encapsulated in SNM‐NPs responds to reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the release of edaravone (Edv), scavenges ROS, inhibits neuroinflammation, and reduces neuronal apoptosis by 90%. Mechanistically, SNM‐NPs deliver Edv precisely to the cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI) site, resulting in the elimination of ROS, a decrease in the number of microglia, an improvement in tubulin expression in neurons, and the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis through Caspase 3 pathway. Preliminary experiments also show that SNM‐NPs exhibit a good safety profile both in intravenous therapy and in vitro cell experiments. As a result, SNM‐NPs hold promise for further development as effective and safe agents for target therapy of CIRI and other diseases.


We examine the recently introduced CF and CF-perfect forward secrecy PFS models for two-message authenticated key exchange TMAKE by Cremers et al., where the difference between CF and CF-PFS model is that the CF formulates the weak PFS wPFS, whereas the CF-PFS formulates the PFS. The CF model is claimed by Cremers et al. to be strictly stronger the previous extended Canetti-Krawczyk eCK model. However, we notice that the implication relations among CF, CF-PFS, eCK and eCK-PFS model have not been completely studied. Based on TMAKE, we particularly show that CF model and eCK model imply each other under random oracle model. Moreover, we provide a new result on the generic security strengthening transformation compiler for building CF-PFS-secure TMAKE protocols. In contrast to a previous work, we show that it is possible to apply the transformation to all CF-secure AKE protocols including all eCK-secure TMAKE protocols in the random oracle model, without restricting to a small specific class of Diffie-Hellman key based protocols. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


authors of two recent reports 1,2 describe eight elderly women who developed delusions of pregnancy. In the first report, Camus and colleagues' reported five elderly women ranging in age from 64 to 82 years who developed these delusions in the context of a depressive illness. The youngest of the patients felt that she was pregnant with twins or triplets and that a member of the medical staff comes every night to sleep with her, by order .. of the psychiatrist. She also had mood-congruent delusions of guilt, self-depreciation, and worthlessness without cognitive impairment. Similarly, each of the other four patients also suffered from depressive illness. The authors believed that all five patients met full DSMIII-R criteria for a diagnosis of major depression. In no case were criteria for schizophrenia fulfilled, and each patient had a past history of unipolar or bipolar affective disorder. The delusions of pregnancy occurred in the context of a clear consciousness and were not due to


Reparative giant cell granuloma is a rare benign tumor. Mandible is the most common site. The case is reported for its rarity in maxilla and difficulty in differentiating it from other giant cell lesions. Differentiation is only based on the clinical test and histopathological examination. Midfacial degloving approach popularized by Caisson et al and Conley in 1974 is best suited for bilateral facial lesions. This approach gives a wide exposure with no facial scar or deformity. The advantages of the degloving technique in exposure of the midface, maxilla, mandible, nasal cavities, and paranasal sinuses, have led to its increasing importance in the otorhinolaryngology. J Curr Surg. 2016;6(3-4):78-80 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcs304e


The CC4046 integrated circuit phase locked loop with the exterior conjunction RCas component of Charge and discharge uses the RC VCO(Voltage Controlled Oscillator).It is widely used in the broadcast television system,various communications systen,frequency synthesis system,automatic control and clock synchronization systen because of its simple electric circuit,the imexpensive cost,and large pratical value.It can overcome the shortcomings such as low reliability and bad anti-interference to constitute temperature frequency conversion circuit by using integrated circuit phase locked loop and also offer a practical design project for the accurate diagraph of temperature and equipments necessary to control temperature examinations.


Background: Family farmers' participation in marketing channels has prompted debates on the types of market best suited to this type of farmer. Commodity production by rural communities and the role of agribusiness long marketing channels for family-based farmers are the subjects of numerous qualitative studies. However, quantitative studies capable of assessing the relevance of long channels to family-based farmers are scarce. Therefore, this study intends to assess the relevance of long marketing channels for family farmers. Methods: We compiled the data from the survey responses of family farmers from 155 municipalities in a state in the central region of Brazil. Results: (1) There was an economic concentration of some marketing channels, namely, the sale of commodities occurred in 35% of the municipalities and included 4.15% of the sampled family farmers. The income derived through these channels represented 2.13% of the farmers' total income included in the study. (2) There is a low diversity of market types. On average, we found 2.95 long marketing channels per municipality. (3) Family farmers' participation is low in most commodity long channels. Between 0.11% and 4.15% of the family farmers in the sampled municipalities participate in these channels. Long channels linked to the cattle production chain showed more relevant capacity for inclusion. Conclusions: Contrary to the expectations of those behind initiatives to promote the marketing and sale of locally-sourced commodities within rural communities, agribusiness long marketing channels provide limited opportunities for family farmers to market their goods.


This thesis studies settlement continuity on Gotland between approximately AD 200 and AD 1700. The method used is to calculate correlation between the geographical distribution of all known Iron Ag ...


On the basis of the literature, a conceptual framework of the relationship between the marketing-research and development (R&D) interface and new product performance in export markets is developed. The product category chosen to test the model is software from the U.S. computer industry. The findings indicate that the marketing–R&D interface exerts a positive impact on new product performance in foreign markets. The results regarding internal and external environmental antecedents, including centralization and customer sophistication, offer some evidence that suggests correlations between these factors and activities of the marketing–R&D interface. This study contributes to marketing research by testing the effect of the marketing–R&D interface in export markets. Managerially, it recommends ways for U.S. companies to enhance new product performance abroad.


Streptococcus suis infection is an important zoonotic disease.Streptococcus suis type 2 is highly pathogenic to pigs and also can infect humans and cause deaths.Whole blood and internal organs were collected from diseased pigs suspected S.suis type 2 infection.The samples were cultured for examination of colony morphology and growth characteristics and for identification by PCR.A total of 31 strains were determined to be S.suis type 2.The drug resistance of these strains was tested by using disk diffusion method.The percentages of drug resistant strains were 80% to AM,68% to GM,84% to CHL,52% to SXT,and 55% to CIP.These results would provide valuable information for clinical treatment of S.suis type 2 infection.


We studied the antimicrobial efficacy of hand washing with a quick‐dry hand washing machine [TE‐KIREIKI]® employing ultrasonic wave spraying and its incidental alcohol‐based product [AROKULIN‐E]®. The subjects of this study were 10 males who had been instructed not to use any antimicrobial agent for the previous 2 weeks or any hand soap for the previous 5 hours.


Display touch sensor built according to the invention the panel comprises a pixel array, the touch sensor block, a touch pad test section, and an image inspection pad portion. The pixel array has pixels arranged in a matrix form. Touch sensor blocks are connected to the plurality of pixels. Touch test pad unit divided into odd-numbered touch sensor blocks and solid blocks to the second touch sensor is coupled to the touch sensor block. Image inspection pad portion is commonly connected to the odd-numbered blocks and the second solid block.


AbstractIce cloud properties are influenced by cloud-scale vertical air motion. Dynamical properties of ice clouds can be determined via Doppler measurements from ground-based, profiling cloud radars. Here, the decomposition of the Doppler velocities into reflectivity-weighted particle velocity Vt and vertical air motion w is described. The methodology is applied to high clouds observations from 35-GHz profiling millimeter wavelength radars at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) climate research facility in Oklahoma (January 1997–December 2010) and the ARM Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) site in Manus (July 1999–December 2010). The Doppler velocity measurements are used to detect gravity waves (GW), whose correlation with high cloud macrophysical properties is investigated. Cloud turbulence is studied in the absence and presence of GW. High clouds are less turbulent when GW are observed. Probability density functions of Vt, w, and high cloud macrophysical propert...


The paper's objective is to preliminarily explore the relations between the second law of thermodynamics and Darwin's theory of evolution. It starts by presenting the entropy law to a non specialist public. A historical juxtaposition of the two theories is led, looking for potential historical interactions. The study of the second principle of thermodynamics as an evolutionary process is performed by applying it into Hull's model of science. The duality evolution entropy is considered, using first Dennett's considerations to analyse entropy as a dangerous idea, moving then to the metaphysical consequences of the principle in the debate about transhumanism, and to end with a discussion on the popular perceptions opposing entropy and evolution. It appears that this physical idea was replicated and maintains strong links with the notion of evolution. I suggest that moving off the anthropic center alone of evolutionary theories offers an interesting angle of study. "The law that entropy always increases -the second law of thermodynamics – holds, I think, the supreme position among the laws of Nature. If someone points out to you that your pet theory of the universe is in disagreement with Maxwell's equations then so much worse for Maxwell equations. If it is found to be contradicted by observation well these experimentalists do bungle things sometimes. But if your theory is found to be against the second law of Thermodynamics, I can give you no hope; there is nothing for it but to collapse in deepest humiliation."1 Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington 1 1 Eddington, A. S., The nature of the physical world, Lond. : Dent, 1935, p. 81 This study will focus on the second principle of thermodynamics which deals with the notion of entropy. The attempt is to open up interesting avenues of research and to give some initial ideas rather than to find clear and definite answers. Entropy can be seen as a kind of involution, a spontaneous regression. In that sense, entropy is strongly linked to evolution, both ideas are included in the paradigm of the future of nature. Rather than taking the whole of physics into account as an evolutionary process, the purpose of this study is to understand the way the second principle of thermodynamics was born and how it evolved and changed with time. In addition, after presenting the physical concept, three fields are opened further in this paper: first, as the discovery of the second principle of thermodynamics and Darwin's idea of evolution are closely related in time, the history and the potential interactions between these concepts will be explored. The second point considers the second principle as an evolutionary process to see if such a physical discovery can fit into Hull's model of science. Finally, the opposition between entropy and evolution will be examined starting with entropy seen as a dangerous idea as in Dennett's point of view, and finishing with discussions on entropy in the debate about transhumanism and then its associated popular connotations. The physical principle The second principle of thermodynamics is a law that governs irreversibility. Here is the formulation of the physical statement as taught at school, "During the evolution of a closed and thermally insulated system, from an initial state I to a final state F, entropy, S, can only increase."


The induction of hepatic and extrahepatic P450 1A isozymes in fish and mammals is used as a biomarker for certain classes of toxic environmental pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), planar polychlorinated (PCBs) and polybrominated (PBBs) biphenyl congeners, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). However, recent data from the laboratory have shown that rat pulmonary P450 1A1 can also be induced by arsenite or liver transplantation (via a stress mechanism), raising the possibility that regulation of this biomarker can occur by mechanisms other than Ah receptor-mediated increases of CYP1A gene transcription.


Bioactive peptides were efficiently separated by using electrodialysis with filtration membrane (EDFM) from snow crab byproduct hydrolysate. Meanwhile, optimization of parameters is indispensable for scaling-up. The peptide migration rate and selectivity as well as evolution of electrodialytic parameters were studied with different parameters such as EDFM cell configuration, KCl concentration and type of electric field. The EDFM stack with two feed and one recovery compartments (configuration 2) has relatively stable electric field strengths (local) than the configuration with one feed and two recovery compartments (configuration 1). Peptides containing anionic amino acids: glutamic and aspartic acid as well as glycine and cationic amino acids: arginine and lysine were fractionated using configuration 1 and 2, respectively. Maintenance of solution conductivity upheld the local electric field and peptide migration throughout the treatment resulting in a higher peptide migration rate of 13.76±3.64 g/m2.h never observed so far. The selectivity of cationic peptides containing arginine and lysine increased significantly with increase in KCl concentration from 1 to 5 g/L. An increase in ionic strength amplified the surface charge density of filtration membrane subsequently increasing effective pore size and reducing hydration layer. However, both anionand cation-exchange membranes were fouled by peptides and amino acids and were deteriorated during EDFM treatment. To address these problems, the effect of applying pulsed electric field (PEF) and polarity reversal (PR) was studied. The peptide migration rate was unaffected among PEF, PR and DC modes except with PR at 40 V. The selectivity of cationic peptides was maximum with PEF at 20 V. Fouling and water dissociation were significantly reduced and physicochemical properties of IEMs were better-protected with PEF and PR than DC. Moreover, the least amount of energy was consumed with PEF mode. Therefore, the parameters affecting EDFM process were optimized in terms of energy efficiency, selectivity and lower deterioration of membranes by applying PEF regime with configuration 2 and maintaining the constant electrical conductivity of solutions.


We examine minimal sufficient state spaces for equilibria in a Lucas asset pricing model with heterogeneous agents and incomplete markets. It is clear that even if all fundamentals of the economy follow a first-order Markov process, equilibrium prices and allocations generally will depend not only on the current exogenous shock but also on the distribution of wealth among the heterogeneous agents. The main contribution of this paper is to give an example of an infinite-horizon economy with Markovian fundamentals, where the joint process of equilibrium asset holdings and exogenous shocks does not constitute a sufficient state space either.


Many low-mass X-ray binaries show both hard and soft spectral states. For several sources the transitions between these states have been observed, mostly from the soft to the hard state during a luminosity decrease. In a few cases also the transition from the hard to the soft state was observed, coincident with an increase of the luminosity. Surprisingly this luminosity was not the same as the one during a following change back to the hard state. The values differed by a factor of about 3 to 5. We present a model for this hysteresis in the light curves of low-mass X-ray binaries (sources with neutron stars or black holes). We show that the different amount of Compton cooling or heating acting on the accretion disk corona at the time of the transition causes this switch in the accretion mode at different mass accretion rates and therefore different luminosities. The inner disk during the soft state provides a certain amount of Compton cooling which is either not present or much less if the inner region is filled with a hot advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) that radiates a hard spectrum.


The article regards the issues of keeping and maintaining the state of health of the rising generation who are students of the comprehensive schools. The research regards the issue from the point of view of the quality of life of younger generation. The research comes to the conclusion that the quality of life of the younger generation directly depends on their state of health and life conditions as well as it offers the ways and conditions for improving the quality of life by means of forming the health-saving environment at comprehensive school.


A large-scale field study in naturally occurring vole populations identified gene expression changes over time and demonstrates how wild mammals exhibit tolerance to chronic parasite infections.