Background: The football players are requiring high VO2max ability, because the strong energy and body power is needed in the soccer game. In addition, people who have good cardiorespiratory endurance is having higher VO2max value, they can do activity longer than people who have low VO2max value. Therefore, the high VO2max value is required for the football players in order to follow the soccer game well. Furthermore, there are several physical exercises that can be done by football player to improve cardiorespiratory endurance, such as: HIIT and Circuit Training exercise.
Research Methodology: This research was employing quasi experimental design with pretest and post test two design. In addition, this research was conducted in 4 weeks that involved 35 respondents of football players in SSB Porma FC Malang. The research respondents were divided into two groups. The groups were 18 respondents in the High Intensity Interval Training and 17 respondents in the Circuit Training group. Lastly, the obtained data were analyzed using Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test. This research use Cooper Test for result VO2max.

Result: Based on the calculation of Paired T-Test, the analysis on HIIT group is resulting the value of sig (2-Tailed), while on Circuit Training group is resulting 0.000 (p<0.05), thus H1 is accepted. Furthermore, the calculation using Independent T-Test is resulting the significance value on the both two groups 0,006 (p<0.05), which means that there is a difference between two groups.

Conclusion: There is a difference on the effectiveness of HIIT and Circuit Training towards VO2max improvement after given HIIT exercise with average value 45,72 ml/kg.min which is more effective than after given Circuit Training exercise with average value 45,13 ml/kg.min.


Introduction

For many years genetic evaluation of dairy cattle has been based on the analysis of 305-day lactation milk production. Thus, to account for environmental variance, records are usually grouped in herd–year–season (HYS) classes. The 305-day milk yield is computed on the basis of single test day records. An alternative approach to genetic evaluation is an analysis of individual test day records (P tak and S chaeffer 1993). A complete set of records contains more information than 305-day milk yield, and, in consequence, by including the single herd–test date (HTD) effect, this approach leads to an improvement in the accuracy of genetic evaluation. Modeling the time–herd effect in this way reduces residual variance. In populations with a small herd size a number of records with no contemporaries in HTD classes could appear. It should be noted that accurate estimation and prediction in mixed linear models requires both model adequacy and respective data structure. Unfortunately, inclusion of a HTD effect when herds are small (typical situation for European cattle breeding) causes a decomposition of data structure (more unbalanced experimental design). Hence, a modification to the grouping of the records was recommended (S walve 1995; S trabel 1997).

When a lactation model is used various modifications to HYS definition could be implemented to improve its adjustment to environmental effects (S chmitz et al. 1991; S trandberg and G randinson 1997; C rump et al. 1997). The definition of herd–test day class is so precise that it does not allow for a different assignment of records to classes. What could be done is to combine HTD classes within the herd by joining the consecutive records (S walve 1995) or across herds looking for records from 'similar' herds taken at 'similar' periods of time (S trabel 1997). HTD effect can also be set as random to avoid the loss of information especially when the number of single HTD classes is high (R eents et al. 1995; P& ouml; s& ouml; et al. 1996). Finally, the HTD effect can be replaced by HYS, typical for the traditional model (P tak and Żarnecki 1998).

The objective of the present study was to compare animal model evaluations using test day (TD) models with different definitions of contemporary groups (CG). Evaluations based on the 305-day lactation model were also carried out.


Despite its limitations, serum ferritin (SF) is commonly used to monitor chelation therapy in primary and secondary hemochromatosis. To better predict liver iron concentration (LIC), we prospectively investigated the relationship between SF and LIC in a total of 421 patients with primary (HFE-1 associated, n=241) or secondary hemochromatosis (n=180), consisting of chronically transfused thalassemia (Tx-Thal: n=89) or sickle cell disease patients (Tx-SCD: n=45) and transfusion independent thalassemia patients (nTx-Thal: n=26). In all patients, LIC was measured by SQUID biosusceptometry. SF correlated with LIC (RS = 0.51–0.83, p


The substituent effects on the singlet-triplet energy separations are explored for phosphanylnitrenes and related congeners from the Group 14 to Group 16 elements. Imine-type substituents (e.g, phosphaniminato, methyleneimine etc.) are more effective than amino groups in lowering the energy of a singlet below that of a triplet state. It is due to an effective stabilisation of the singlet and a destabilisation of the triplet.


Th e current planetary socioecological crisis and the growing urbanization of human life are interdependent phenomena that impel education to rethink its objectives and processes. Th e notion of "sustainability" provides a broad framework of construction for activities in teaching, research, and outreach programs. Among the proposals aimed at promoting sustainability, agroecology stands out as a set of integrating practices and theories capable of transforming the productive, sociopolitical, economic, and cultural relations of the food system. Our objective in this article is to present the contributions of urban agroecology and to analyze its connection with education. Following this purpose, we share the experience of Huerto uv, an agroecological education project developed by students and researchers at Universidad Veracruzana, in association with inhabitants of the city of Xalapa, Veracruz.


Over 1,200 children receiving remedial teaching in reading were studied on ten main variables: IQ, chronological age, mental age, initial reading age, reading age after treatment, treatment length, number of attendances, percentage attendance, size of teaching group, and improvement. Sex distribution and laterality patterns were also examined. The findings of many previous smaller studies were in general borne out. In particular, little relationship was found between lateral dominance and reading disability or between intelligence as measured and reading improvement. Only when groups contained more than six children did group size affect progress adversely. Further studies are in hand.


The primary source of neutrinos for the MicroBooNE experiment is Fermilab's Booster Neutrino Beamline. The beamline uses 8 GeV protons from the Booster accelerator steered onto a beryllium target. The secondaries are focused by a magnetic horn down a 50m long decay pipe. Decays of these secondaries give rise to a neutrino beam. We use the beamline simulation and techniques previously developed by the MiniBooNE collaboration to calculate the neutrino flux and estimate systematic uncertainties at the MicroBooNE detector location.


Described herein is a method of treating a patient comprising administering an anti-CD20 antibody other than Rituximab to a Rituximab-refractory RA patient in an amount effective to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). .


No matter how alterable it was,Marcuse's view of liberation all the while adhered to a basis of anthropology.Followed Heidegger's existentialism and Marxian species-essence in his prophase,Marcuse viewed labor as human "authentic activity";After turning to Critical Theory,his concept of ration had something in common with human upmost potential(pleasure);Along with the mobilization of technology under upper capitalism,a libertarian ration then became an oppressive one or instrumental one,Marcuse thereby gave up the potential of ration and turned his steps to the basis of human instinct,he based his liberation on human "biology" in the end.


The paper explores the patterns of Romanian ministerial control over executive agencies, based on the data collected in 2010 using the COBRA survey. Seven research questions were constructed starting from the major theories existing in the field aimed at describing and understanding the control patterns. The paper's main conclusion is that ministries still prefer ex ante types of control in exchange to those after-the-fact, although some rather incremental shifts toward ex post control can be noticed.


The distinctiveness agenda in higher education is an issue that is not going away. In the recent national discussion about the discipline standards for law, a discipline-specific take on this was evident as various law schools expressed concern about homogenization of law degrees under the forthcoming standards regime. While some perceive distinctiveness as a shallow marketing ploy, this paper argues that it has potential to shift our tradition-bound content-focussed law curriculum into a more sophisticated realm through adoption of a thematic lens to form a cohesive conceptual foundation for the LLB. Such an approach to curriculum design has additional benefits of meeting a variety of contemporary policy issues facing higher education. This paper reports on approaches to curriculum in terms of distinctiveness, of a selection of Australian law schools and reports on how the James Cook University LLB is working with JCU's 'tropical agenda' to inform its curriculum design.


able. The standards for ESMO CPGs include a common template to facilitate a homogeneous presentation, the selection of recognised multidisciplinary experts as main authors, a peer review system controlled by the subject editor and performed by at least 4 ESMO faculty members, and the inclusion of levels of evidence and grades of recommendation for all relevant statements. We acknowledge deficits in the CPG production, which are related to the intent of publication and the specific format. For example, we acknowledge that ESMO CPGs are not currently using tools such as systematic literature reviews and the reliance on a rather narrative nature of the review as well as the lack of more "encompassing" analyses (eg, cost-benefit considerations). This is directly linked to the scope of ESMO CPGs to provide information for daily clinical use, in a concise format, for the target audience of (mainly) European medical oncologists. However, ESMO CPGs must be considered with regard to the presence of a plethora of high-volume, systematic guidelines, also intended for health policy decision-making. ESMO CPGs are intended to complement these other guidelines. Finally, of the CPGs reviewed, the ESMO CPG had the highest ratio of high-quality evidence to low-quality evidence. In conclusion, we would like to quote from a previously published article regarding heterogeneity in cancer guidelines:


1 – Fuzzy control of queues is a new method for controlling cost of the system, number of customers waiting in the queue and many other aspects of queues. This paper proposes fuzzy control approach for reducing cost of the system. 1 / / F M (Poisson arrival and fuzzy service rate) with flexible service time is examined in this paper. All the fuzzy mathematics rules in this paper are based on Zadeh's extension principle, Mamdani implication, possibility and probability concept. At the end of this paper a simple numerical example is presented.


Crowdfunding is starting to compete with the traditional mode of funding and has allowed startups to raise funds without too much red tape and bureaucracy. In this work, we propose a participatory platform for the social and solidarity economy, based on blockchain technology, smart contracts and a mode of financing inspired by Islamic financing. This mode of financing is based on the prohibition of interest, uncertainty and speculation and is based mainly on the principle of active partnership: "Musharaka". Donations are also considered and managed as financial assets. It is based on the direct ownership of tangible assets and investment operations through the principle of sharing profits or losses which promotes partnership and a more equitable sharing. The introduction of blockchain in crowdfunding makes this type of funding more reliable, transparent, decentralized, profitable and convenient. The crowdfunding platform is proposed for a project that consists of equitable water distribution and irrigation compatible with ecosystems in the Haouz region of Morocco.


This book treats the theory and practice of temperature measurement and control and important related topics such as energy management and air pollution. There are no specific prerequisites for the book although a knowledge of elementary control theory could be useful. The first half of the book is an application oriented survey of temperature measurement techniques and devices. The second half is concerned mainly with temperature control in both simple and complex situations.


Jazz Lecture Series presentation by Bobbi Humphrey on March 3, 1983 at 9:30AM at the UNT College of Music. Includes lecture and performance by Bobbi Humphrey, interspersed with questions from the audience.


A 63-year-old patient was admitted with acute ataxia and binocular oblique diplopia. Neuro-ophthalmologic examination revealed abducting hypertropia on lateral gaze, better seen during upgaze, mimicking bilateral inferior oblique palsy (video, figure). There was no ocular cyclotorsion. Brain MRI revealed focal ischemic lesions in the right cerebellar hemisphere and left superior colliculus (figure). The diagnosis of alternating abducting hypertropic skew deviation was made. This rare type of skew deviation is related to central otolithic dysfunction. Similar cases have been described with cerebellar, pretectal, or cervico-medullary junction lesions.1,2 Orthoptic management can help and patients can slowly improve over months.


This special issue presents five articles covering a variety of computer graphics and embodied-conversational-agent applications related to digital human faces.


Stressful and traumatic events occurring during early childhood have been consistently associated with the development of psychiatric disorders later in life. This relationship may be mediated in part by epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, which are influenced by the early-life environment. Epigenetic patterns can have lifelong effects on gene expression and on the functioning of biological processes relevant to stress reactivity and psychopathology. Optimization of epigenetic research activity necessitates a discussion surrounding the methodologies used for DNA methylation analysis, selection of tissue sources, and timing of psychological and biological assessments. Recent studies related to early-life adversity and methylation, including both candidate gene and epigenome-wide association studies, have drawn from the variety of available techniques to generate interesting data in the field. Further discussion is warranted to address the limitations inherent to this field of research, along with future directions for epigenetic studies of adversity-related psychopathology. Highlights of the article We identified issues regarding sample characteristics in epigenetic studies of early life adversity. We compared methods and technologies used for candidate gene analysis and whole epigenome studies. We discussed future perspectives, including combining multiple forms of large-scale data and newer technologies.


On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia broke apart during atmospheric re-entry on mission STS-107. After an event such as this, with high visibility and international interest, the operational challenge of recovering the crewmembers could not be underestimated. The Space Shuttle Program is organized to respond to a vehicle mishap using the resources of the Mishap Investigation Team (MIT). On the afternoon of Feb. 1, 2003, the MIT deployed to Barksdale Air Force Base (AFB), Louisiana. This location became the investigative center and interim storage location for crewmembers received from the Lufkin, Texas Disaster Field Office (DFO). The Lufkin DFO served as the primary area for all operations, including staging assets and deploying field teams for search, recovery and security of crewmember remains. More than 2,000 people from numerous organizations were involved with the recovery of the crew. All seven crewmembers of STS-107 were recovered and ceremonial last rights were administered. Astronaut and military personnel escorted the crew with honor to the MIT at Barksdale AFB, Louisiana. At Barksdale AFB a temporary morgue was established in an aircraft hangar and operated for approximately two weeks during which time coordination with the DFO field recovery teams, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) medical personnel, and the crew surgeons was on going. Families of crewmembers and NASA management were notified daily of the current findings. Working under the leadership of the MIT Lead, the medical team developed and executed a short-term plan to identify and relocate the crew with a military honor guard and protocol to the medical examiner at the Armed Forces Port Mortuary, Dover AFB, Delaware. After operations at Barksdale AFB were concluded the medical team transitioned back to Houston and a long-term plan was developed and implemented which involved the Air Force Mortuary Affairs at Randolph AFB, Texas. This plan was coordinated with search teams in the field, Barksdale AFB Mortuary Affairs, KSC security, AFIP, and the crew surgeons at JSC.


Using extensive Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations we study the behavior of polyelectrolytes in poor solvents, where we take explicitely care of the counterions. The resulting pearl-necklace structures are subject to strong conformational fluctuations, only leading to small signatures in the form factor, which is a severe obstacle for experimental observations. In addition we study how the necklace collapses as a function of Bjerrum length. At last we demonstrate that the position of the first peak in the inter-chain structure factor varies with the monomer density close to ρ 1/3 m for all densities. This is in strong contrast to polyelectrolyte solutions in good solvent.


Discriminative training as a general machine learning approach has wide applications in tasks like Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). In this thesis, we are interested in online methods for discriminative training due to its simplicity, efficiency and scalabililty. The novel methods we propose are summarized as follows. First, an interesting subclass of online learning algorithms adopts multiplicative instead of additive update strategies, but none of them can be directly used for structured prediction as required by many NLP tasks. We extend the multiplicative Winnow algorithm to a structured version, and the additive MIRA algorithm to a multiplicative version, and apply them to NLP tasks. We also give interpretations to the relationship between EG and prod, two multiplicative algorithms, from information geometric perspective. Secondly, although general online learning frameworks, notably the Online Mirror Descent (OMD), exist and subsume many specific algorithms, it is not suitable for deriving multiplicative algorithms. We therefore propose a new general framework named Generalized Multiplicative Update (GMU) that is multiplicative in nature and easily derives many specific multiplicative algorithms. We then propose a subclass of GMU, named q‐ Exponentiated Gradient (qEG) method that elucidates the relationship among several algorithms. To better understand the difference between OMD and GMU, we give further analysis of these algorithms from Riemannian geometric perspective. We also extend OMD and GMU to accelerated versions by adding momentum terms. Thirdly, although natural gradient descent (NGD) is often hard to be applied in practice due its computational difficulty, we propose a novel approach for CRF training which allows efficient application of NGD. The loss functions, defined by Bregman divergence, generalize the log‐likelihood objective and can be easily coupled with NGD for optimization. The proposed framework is flexible, allowing us to choose proper convex functions that lead to better training performance. Finally, traditional vector space linear models require estimating the same number of parameters as features. In the presence of millions of features, a common phenomenon in many NLP tasks, this may complicate the training procedure especially when the training data is in scarcity. We propose a novel online learning approach by shifting from vector space to tensor space, which dramatically reduces the number of parameters to be estimated. The resulting model is highly regularized and is particularly suitable for training under low‐resource environment.


In this demo paper, we present AKTiveDoc, a tool for supporting sharing and reuse of knowledge in document production (e.g. writing) and use (e.g. reading).


We consider a parallel queueing model which has k identical servers. Assume that customers arrive from outside according to a Poisson process and join the shortest queue. Their service times have an i.i.d. exponential distribution, which is referred to as an M/MJSQ with k parallel queues. We are interested in the asymptotic behavior of the stationary distribution for the shortest queue length of this model, provided the stability is assumed. For this stationary distribution, it can be guessed conjectured that the tail decay rate is given by the k-th power of the traffic intensity of the corresponding M/M/k queue with a single waiting line. We prove this fact by obtaining the exactly geometric asymptotics. For this, we use two formulations. One is a quasi-birth-and-death (QBD for short) process which is typically used, and the other is a reflecting random walk on the boundary of the k + 1-dimensional orthant which is a key for our proof.


This article analyses the educational environment for households. The basic needs of a household include low-interest loans, available grants, tax credits, purchasing of new equipment at moderate prices and acquiring of land. Household economic interests will fall into two parts: satisfaction of the needs of the household members; and support of the household operation as an economic unit. Educational environment as an environment formed like a system which enables interaction between subjects of the educational process and the external environment. Keywords—peasant households; farm households; agricultural sector; educational environment


The chemical master equation (CME) is a fundamental description of interacting molecules commonly used to model chemical kinetics and noisy gene regulatory networks. Exact time-dependent solutions of the CME---which typically consists of infinitely many coupled differential equations---are rare, and are valuable for numerical benchmarking and getting intuition for the behavior of more complicated systems. Jahnke and Huisinga's landmark calculation of the exact time-dependent solution of the CME for monomolecular reaction systems is one of the most general analytic results known; however, it is hard to generalize, because it relies crucially on properties of monomolecular reactions. In this paper, we rederive Jahnke and Huisinga's result on the time-dependent probability distribution and moments of monomolecular reaction systems using the Doi-Peliti path integral approach, which reduces solving the CME to evaluating many integrals. While the Doi-Peliti approach is less intuitive, it is also more mechanical, and hence easier to generalize. To illustrate how the Doi-Peliti approach can go beyond the method of Jahnke and Huisinga, we also find the exact time-dependent solution to a problem involving an autocatalytic reaction that Jahnke and Huisinga identified as not solvable using their method.


A method for assisting a user in selecting a program for viewing or listening comprising the steps of: receiving and periodically save information from electronic program guides comprising records for forthcoming programs, whose records have a plurality of fields (900) ; enabling display of a first user interface to facilitate selection by the user of a character string and at least one of the plurality of fields (910); find information electronic program guides regarding records with the character string selected by the user in at least one of the user-selected fields; enabling display of a second user interface that includes a list of forthcoming programs corresponding to the records identified in the searching step; characterized in that said second interface further includes a selectable icon by the user corresponding to a previous search (920) and that said method further comprises the following step: enabling a display of search results for the previous search in response to the selection of icon by the user.


In cervical spine, the anatomical course of medial branch in significantly different and thermal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the cervical median branch though proven effective is technically challenging. Cooled RFA (CRFA) is a newer revolutionary technique that creates a larger spherical lesion and thus compensates for the anatomical variability of the medial branches in the cervical spine. Our case report is aimed to discuss the technique of CRFA for the treatment of cervical facetogenic pain. Right C2–C5 medial branch CRFA was done under fluoroscopic guidance under monitored anesthesia care using 17G with 75 mm length and 2 mm active tip cooled radiofrequency cannula. After 8 weeks of follow-up, the patient reported 80% pain relief.


In practice, some bugs have more impact than others and thus deserve more immediate attention. Due to tight schedule and limited human resource, developers may not have enough time to inspect all bugs. Thus, they often concentrate on bugs that are highly impactful. In the literature, high impact bugs are used to refer to the bugs which appear in unexpected time or locations and bring more unexpected effects, or break pre-existing functionalities and destroy the user experience. Unfortunately, identifying high impact bugs from the thousands of bug reports in a bug tracking system is not an easy feat. Thus, an automated technique that can identify high-impact bug reports can help developers to be aware of them early, rectify them quickly, and minimize the damages they cause. Considering that only a small proportion of bugs are high impact bugs, the identification of high impact bug reports is a difficult task. In this paper, we propose an approach to identify high impact bug reports by leveraging imbalanced learning strategies. We investigate the effectiveness of various imbalanced learning strategies built upon a number of well-known classification algorithms. In particular, we choose four widely used strategies for dealing with imbalanced data and use naive Bayes multinominal as the classification algorithm to conduct experiments on four datasets from four different open source projects. We perform an empirical study on a specific type of high impact bugs, i.e., surprise bugs, which were first studied by Shihab et al. The results show that under-sampling is the best imbalanced learning strategy with naive Bayes multinominal for high impact bug identification.


In August 2009,a food poisoning event occurred in Jianggan district in Hangzhou,Ten people in a tourist group with 32 members were affected,the attack rate was 31.2%.The anal swabs were collected from 10 patients and O4:K8 Vibrio parahaemolyticu was detected,meanwhile O3: K6 Vibrio parahaemolyticu was detected in 5 of 10 samples.The toxin gene tdh was detected in Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains in two serotypes.PFGE typing showed that strains of the same serotype were highly similar,but the strains of different serotypes in a same sample were different clones.


To review the deep reasons of credit crisis between doctors and patients,excessive marketization of medical services,the imperfect management system and the defective risk burden mechanism are all included.Therefore,to strengthen self-discipline cultivation of medical staff,to build constraint mechanism of integrity in hospital and to cultivate citizens's concept and consciousness of integrity can reconstruct the trust between doctors and patients.


Preliminary results on the latest experiments regarding plasma outflows from different wire-based z-pinch configurations performed in the Llampudken generator (∼350kA in ∼350ns) are presented. These outflows are produced from three different experiments: cylindrical, conical and nested conical arrays. Our experiments show that it is indeed possible to produce plasma outflows from moderate size pulsed power drivers with currents of some hundreds of kiloamperes. Each one of the configurations studied here can produce a dense plasma outflow characterized by its own set of dimensionless parameters; such as Reynolds number, magnetic Reynolds number, amongst others. A dense magnetized, magneto-hydrodynamically unstable plasma outflow is produced using a modified cylindrical wire array, whereas strongly collimated jets are produced from the conical configurations. Moreover, it is possible to mimic the episodic emission of plasma outflow in a collimated jet by producing temporally separated implosions from the nested conical configuration. Finally, the characteristic and dynamics of each outflow are presented and discussed.


A Monte Carlo code for simulation of electron, ion and fast neutral transport was developed to model the spatial distribution of excitation under nonequilibrium conditions at very high electric field to gas number density ratios (E/N) and low currents. The code includes the most detailed representation of electron scattering and transport including the reflection and multiplication at the anode and simulation of ion and fast neutral transport for realistic geometry of the experiments of B. M. Jelenkovic and A. V. Phelps [Phys. Rev. A 36, 5310 (1987)] and V. T. Gylys, B. M. Jelenkovic, and A. V. Phelps [J. Appl. Phys. 65, 3369 (1989)]. A good agreement between the simulations and experimental data was achieved by using reasonable data for scattering cross sections from the literature. Simulations confirm the model proposed by A. V. Phelps, B. M. Jelenkovic and L. C. Pitchford [Phys. Rev. A 36, 5327 (1987)] of transport and excitation kinetics at very high E/N where fast neutral excitation is the dominant p...


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: set of invention relates to water treatment. Proposed station comprises electrolytic tank with anode and cathode chambers separated by membrane, sodium chloride solution preparation assembly, water feed line, batchers, separators of anolyte and catholyte and ejector arranged in flow line. Batchers are composed by proportioning pumps with external control. One of the latter is arranged in sodium chloride solution feed line to feed aid solution to anode chamber inlet while another one is arranged in that feeding water to cathode chamber inlet. Anolyte separator at anode chamber inlet is equipped with air bleed element with hydraulic lock at its inlet. Note here that outlet gas discharge pipe of the separator is communicated with ejector suction pipe. Catholyte separator is arranged at cathode chamber outlet and communicated with alkali accumulator. Besides this device comprises anolyte and catholyte separators and hydraulic lock integrated in single unit. Said unit is arranged in transparent case divided by baffles into three chambers, i.e. anolyte separator, hydraulic lock and catholyte separator. Case sidewalls are furnished with check marks to control fluid level in said three chambers. EFFECT: higher safety and reliability. 11 cl, 6 dwg


This paper proposes an optimal design of delta parallel robot with vertical linear actuators. It describes the robot structure with its kinematic analysis including search of interferences. Also shows the algorithms used to obtain the optimal dimensions of the robot in order to cover a specified workspace. The technique used is based on genetics algorithms. Key-Words: Parallel Robots, Genetics Algorithms, Design.


In the production of novel polymeric materials with commercial application and practical use, it is common to use mixtures of two or more polymers. Rubber mixtures are often used to improve the properties, processing and / or reduce costs. Therefore, this study aimed to develop blends of polyamide 6/residuo recycled rubber (SBRr), with the addition of a coupling agent. The blends were initially prepared in a twin screw extruder corrotacional and subsequently, the extruded pellets were injection molded. The blends of PA6/SBRr and PA6/SBRr/compatibilizante were analyzed by tests of heat deflection temperature (HDT), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical (impact). It was shown that the impact strength and heat deflection temperature of the blends somewhat reduced when compared to polyamide 6. In DMTA test binary and ternary blends was no shift of the peaks to approximately -10 ° C and the displacement of the α relaxation of PA6 for larger values. For all DSC curves in the presence of the peaks of crystallization temperature of PA6 both for the binary and for the ternary blends is observed.


The contributions to the statistical weight from librational degrees of freedom are calculated for conformations corresponding to local minima in the complete conformational energy surface of this cyclic mole- cule. The calculation, based on the small-fluctuation approximation, involves the computation of - (R/2) In det G, the elements of the matrix G being the coefficients of the kinetic energy term in the canonical expression for the Hamiltonian, and -(R/2) In det F, the elements of the matrix F being the second derivatives of the conformational energy function at the minimum point. The dependence of the values of -(R/2) In det G on various minimum- energy conformations is found to be large enough (the largest difference being 4.53 eu) to change the relative stabilities of some of the minimum-energy conformations when this entropy term is included. The two lowest minimum-energy conformations are found to have almost the same stability for one energy parameter set used, when the conformational entropy, -(R/2) In det GF, is included in the free energy. The validity of the small- fluctuation approximation is checked by computing the exact energy surface around the minimum points. The approximation is found to be a good one for the two most stable conformations. Effects of crystallization on the conformation of the individual molecule are discussed.


Abstract Background Transdermal medication patches have caused serious adverse events in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). Preliminary research suggests that facilities are using a workaround consisting of manually entered reminders in their electronic medication administration records (eMARs) to prompt staff to check and remove patches, because the eMAR does not support these tasks. However, the prevalence and factors associated with use of this workaround among facilities is unknown. Objectives The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the frequency and consistency with which manual reminders to check and remove transdermal patches were used in facility eMARs, and (2) identify resident and facility factors associated with reminder use, to inform eMAR redesign. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of eMAR data from 66 Australian RACFs including 4,787 permanent residents, aged ≥65 years in January 2017. Prevalence of the use of reminders to check and remove patches, and consistency in their application within facilities were examined. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine factors associated with use of manual reminders. Results One in five (n = 937) residents used a patch, and 83.6% of patches contained opioids, a high-risk medicine. 56.9% of facilities implemented manually entered check patch reminders in the eMAR, and 72.3% implemented remove reminders. The reminders were applied inconsistently, with only half of these facilities having reminders for all residents with patches. Residents in facilities in regional areas were more likely to have a check reminder compared with those in major cities (adjusted odds ratio = 4.72 [95% confidence interval: 1.69–13.20]). Conclusion Transdermal patches containing high-risk medicines are frequently used in RACFs, but their safe administration is not supported by a widely implemented eMAR. The frequent, but inconsistent use of a workaround to manually enter reminders indicates an unmet need for new eMAR functionality to improve safety.


Implant-supported overdentures show high success according to longitudinal clinical studies. However, there are controversies in the scientifi c literature regarding stress transmission and distribution on the supporting tissues given by retention mechanisms and implants during masticatory function. Nowadays, the mechanisms responsible for biomechanical failures on implants are not well-defi ned and their infl uence is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to make a literature review about the biomechanical aspects related to failures in implant-supported overdentures, emphasizing the studies with bar-connecting devices. Based on the reviewed studies, the use of implants connected by metallic bars (rigid system) can be related to a higher stress concentration on the implants and prosthetic components and with a lower stress in the supporting tissues near to the implants compared to non-splinted implants (spherical and magnetic systems). However, the clinical characteristics of each patient must be considered in the treatment planning for adequate biomechanical behavior of implant-supported overdentures, allowing excellent treatment longevity.


The performance of intelligent unmanned systems (UMSs) must be able to be measured to ensure that they can meet the operational requirements. A generic framework to enable capturing and organizing the performance metrics is highly desirable. In this framework, unmanned system (UMS) performance can be attributed to the missions that it is commanded to perform, the environments that the missions are to be performed in, and the capabilities of the system itself. These attributes constitute a "three-axis" UMS performance metrics model. This framework, once further populated, can benefit the UMS community by allowing capture of the UMS performance, from the technical and operational perspective.


Background: The management of rheumatoid arthritis refractory to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) is currently well codified and includes different types of biologics and even targeted sDMARDs. A rotation of biologic therapies is recommended in order to better control the disease. Methods: We report the case of a 20-year-old patient followed in our hospital for the management of a deforming and erosive seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (FR +, ACPA +) with a juvenile onset at the age of 8 years. The diagnosis of an immunopositive polyarticular form of JIA was retained in 2010 (9 years old); the patient was treated with methotrexate (MTX) at a dose of 10 mg per week and methylprednisolone at doses varying between 4 and 10 mg per day. Following the failure of MTX, etanercept was introduced for 6 months without success, fol- lowed by tocilizumab in 2012 at a dose of 8mg/kg/month for a year, without good response. In 2014, a course of rituximab (RTX) at a dose of 2 shots of 500mg, 2 weeks apart was prescribed followed 9 months later by etanercept at a dose of 50 mg a week for 3 years then by adalimumab (40mg/ week) because of the multiple treatment failures. 2018, RTX a 1g, renewed 15 days later, the patient for only 3 months. a combination of two biologics, namely RTX (2 x 15 days apart) and adalimumab 1 month later (40mg / week) was received by the patient with a good response at 3 months. The latter was main-tained for 7 months even after stopping the adalimumab following confinement for COVID-19. In September 2020, flares occurred and the adalimumab (ADA) has been delivered but without success during 3 months, stopped later for a benign form of COVID-19 (15 months after RTX). In January 2021, the association RTX + ADA was given again and we hope that it will be as effective as the first prescription. Results: The clinical and biological severity of our patient's rheumatoid arthritis led us to give a combination of two biological treatments. Indeed, we do not have other therapeutic classes to deliver to her, that encouraged us to rotate between all the available biological therapies in our country. The combination of a CD20 inhibitor (RTX) with a TNF blocker (ADA) was safe and made possible, for the first time, the achievement of clinical and biological remission during 7 months, even after stopping the TNF blocker. Greenwald et al . reported the safety of the combination of RTX + TNF inhibitors in a randomized clinical trial in 51 patients. Its efficacy, a secondary goal of the study, was suggested at 24 weeks by the percentage of ACR 20 and ACR 50 responses that was greater than in the RTX placebo group. Conclusion: The combination of RTX with a TNF blocker can be a real alterna-tive therapy in rheumatoid arthritis with failure to a biological monotherapy. Background: The of the Health-related of life (HRQL) in patients with arthritis (RA) main this study to compare the level of HRQL in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during therapy applying dis-ease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) with conventional synthet- ics (csDMARDs) or with csDMARDs in combination with biological drugs (bDMARDs). Methods: The study involved 120 patients with RA, divided into two groups: group I –treated using csDMARDs (combination therapy: methotrexate and salazopyrine), group II – using csDMARDs in association with bDMARDs which included TNF inhibitors (etanercept and adalimumab). All the studied patients were surveyed with the use of the following questionnaires: the short-form health survey (SF-36) for HRQL that assesses eight domains: functional capacity (ten items), physical aspects (four items), pain (two items), general health (five items), vitality (four items), social aspects (two items), emotional issues (three items) and mental health (five items), in addiction to one item to compare current health status and that of the previous year, The AIMS2-SF , and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). The questionnaires were filled out at the consultation after patient's consent.The 28-Joint Disease Activity Score (DAS-28) was calculated. Results: Group Group II SF-36 Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease character- ized by inflammation of the synovial tissue and destruction of the underlying car-tilage and bones. It was found that RA more often affects women than men, with a sex ratio of 3: 1. And the question of the influence of gender on the outcomes and course of RA remains controversial, there is no consensus on whether RA is worse in women or men. Recent reports indicate that women are less likely to achieve remission than men. Women suffer from RA at an earlier age and have higher markers of disease activity such as DAS28 and HAQ. Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets the CD20 molecule expressed on the surface of B cells, it has been successfully and widely used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, so it is of interest to assess whether gender influences the therapeutic and radiological effects of RTX. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of gender on the response to rituximab (RTX) in patients with RA. Methods: Initially, 221 women(w), 27 men(m), were examined to assess the clinical and X-ray effect (88w/6m), who received RTX treatment (1000 mgx2 or 500 mgx2). Both groups were comparable in terms of the main clinical and laboratory characteristics (age, duration of the disease, the number of preceding DMARDs, in both groups most patients were RF + and ACCP +, a high degree of activity according to DAS 8 - men - 5.6 [4.6-6.7], women -6.04 [5.2-6.63] Initially, the degree of radiological changes in men is slightly higher than in women (p> 0.05). Clinical effect was scored by EULAR criteria, radiographic progression was assessed using Sharp / van der Heijde modified scoring method. Results: When assessing the clinical effect after 48 weeks in men, a significantly better effect of


A dual-band focused transmitarray antenna designed by using frequency selective surfaces (FSS) technique is proposed in this paper. Compared with the traditional transmitarray antenna, the proposed antenna has advantages of good ability to focus electromagnetic wave in the dual-band, high resistant of poor measurement environment and easy to process. The transmitarray consists of four identical metal phase shift layers, each of which is separated by an air gap. The elements distributed on metal layer are composed of a I-shaped slot at the center and four L-shaped slots with central symmetry. The change of I-shaped slot length affects the change of phase in low frequency band and the change of L-shaped slot length affects the change of phase in high frequency band. The mutual coupling between the two kinds of slots can be neglected. The proposed antenna consisting of a transmitarray and a feed has been analysed, simulated, and measured. The results show that the average focal spot diameter (SD) is 35.2 mm at 12 GHz and 24.5 mm at 18 GHz, and the dual-band focused transmitarray antenna can operate in two frequency bands 11.8-12.2 and 17.8-18.1 GHz. Simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has good concordance, making it possible for various microwave measurements.


Porous silicon (PS) is nowadays one of the most studied materials, and his use is becoming larger. Each type of application needs a given morphology. The porosity is an essential component in the study of PS structural properties. It depends on the silicon wafer nature (doping and orientation) and preparation condition: concentration of hydrofluoric acid, anodisation time, current density and anodisation temperature. In our study, we show that the Young's modulus depends strongly on the porosity. It decreases with the increase of this later.


AIM:To observe the effect of entecavir(ETV) and adefovir dipivoxil(ADV)on suppressing for the function of regulatory T cells(Treg) for patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB). METHODS: Thirty six CHB patients were randomly divided into the ETV and ADV groups.Patients in ETV group were administrated ETV 0.5 mg q.d.,whereas the ones in the ADV group were dosed with ADV 10 mg q.d..All the subjects were treated for 48 weeks and were followed at the end of the 12th,24th,36th and 48th week to collect the peripheral blood for test.Flow cytometry was applied to test the percentage of Treg,whose cytokines including IL-10 and TGF-β1 were detected by ELISA.Real time PCR was used to test the quantities of HBV DNA as well as the Foxp3 mRNA.Besides,the liver function including ALT and T-Bil were also examined for all the CHB patients.RESULTS:There was no statistical difference between the two groups before therapy.The percentages of Treg in ETV group were significantly lower than those of ADV group at the end of the 24th,36th and 48th week.The levels of Treg's functional factors,the Foxp3,IL-10 and TGF-β1,were also totally lower in the ETV group when compared with the ADV group(P0.05).For the function of anti-HBV,the HBV DNA copies in ETV group were significantly lower than those in ADV group at the end of the 12th and 36th week(P0.05).The level of ALT was also significantly lower in ETV group at the end of the 12th week when compared with the ADV group(P0.05).But there was no statistical difference of T-Bil level between any point times of follow-up.Pearson analysis showed that percentages of Treg correlated the copies of HBV-DNA positively(r=0.785 and P=0.016).CONCLUSION: Entecavir is proven to be more effective on suppressing for the function of regulatory T cells for patients with CHB when compared with adefovir dipivoxil.


According to various river functions,water demands for eco-environment are classified into four parts: basic ecological water demand by rivers,water demand of pollution prevention,water demand of river water surface evaporation,water demand of transporting sand.In order to achieve the aim of various river functions,different kinds of calculation methods for water demand of river eco-environment are discussed.Based on this,principles and methods for determining the reasonable amount of river eco-environment and corresponding threshold are proposed,and index and standard of river health assessment are also introduced.It offers a theoretical basis for assessment of river health,and it is important to enhance ability of river integrated management.


The high precision numerical method for solving nonlinear bending problems of large deflection beam is presented. The governing equation of large deflection beam is a strongly nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Using the solution of linear bending beam as an initial guess function, the nonlinear bending equation of beam can be transferred into a linear differential equation. The improvement solution of nonlinear bending beam is obtained by solving the linearized bending equation using barycentric interpolation collocation method. Then, the solution of nonlinear bending beam can be given by iterative method. Some examples demonstrate the validity and computational accuracy of proposed method.


Metrological efficiency of volt-ampere characteristics definition in diffusive electric parameters for a choice of rational constant and current methods of analytical control is proved.


Though turbulent reacting flows are often encountered in technical applications reliable prediction methods are lacking as a result of the complex nature of the physics. A promising approach to flows of practical interest is Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The philosophy behind LES is to explicitly simulate the large scales of the flow, directly affected by boundary conditions whilst modelling the smaller scales. The effects of the small unresolved scales appear as extra unknown terms in the LES equations that must be modelled. Subgrid models for reacting LES are more difficult to formulate than for non-reacting LES since also filtered reaction rates and other terms resulting from non-linear state equations need to be modelled. With the advent of transported PDF and linear-eddy models the situation has improved; due to the complexity and computational cost of similar models there is, however, still much to be gained from more conventional models. This study focuses on the development and application of a flame-wrinkling LES combustion model in which transport equations for a reaction coordinate, a modelled flame-wrinkling density and the laminar flame speed are derived, modelled and solved for. The unresolved transport terms in the momentum and energy equations are not particular to reacting flows and are modelled by a one-equation eddy-viscosity model. A centred second order accurate finite volume based scheme is used to solve the governing equations. The model is applied to a lean premixed propane air flame stabilised in the wake behind a triangular-shaped flameholder. Besides comparing with experimental data a discussion of different modes of combustion found to occur in this combustor is presented.


ABSTRACT Using Kouzes and Posner's (2002. The leadership challenge (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass) Five Exemplary Practices of Leadership as a framework, four captains of a high school boys' basketball team participated in a qualitative person-centered ethnography regarding their perceptions of leadership development over the course of a season. The study found that the captains each perceived improvement in their use of voice in leadership situations, and not much improvement in other self-defined specific leadership areas. The captains also perceived that their improvement was a maturation process driven by necessity and precipitated by observation, personal experience, mentoring and coaching, and increased confidence. Finally, captains described hindrances to their leadership, including personal circumstances and difficult teammates. Implications of these findings for athletic coaches are discussed, including specific ideas for providing mentoring and instruction for team captains and other team members.


Real world data are advocated as an alternative approach to RCTs for closing knowledge gaps on drugs, but Beate Wieseler and colleagues argue that this approach is the wrong remedy for current challenges in drug development


The genus Alchemilla L. has about 1000 species in the world flora, of which 35 grow in Ukraine. The most common in Ukraine are A. flabellata Bus., A. phegophila Juz. and A. subrenata Bus. Despite the widespread distribution of species of the genus Alchemilla L. and the publication of a monograph on the herb of the collective species - Herba Alchemillae (Alchemiilla vulgaris L. sensu latiore) in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, the chemical composition, and pharmacological properties of species of the genus Alchemilla L. are insufficiently studied, therefore, it is advisable to study the chemical composition of the most common species of flora of Ukraine for their introduction into medical and pharmaceutical practice.
The aim of the work was to study the component composition and quantitative content of essential oils of flowers and leaves of some species of the genus Alchemilla L.
Materials and methods. Flowers and leaves of Alchemilla. flabellata Bus., Alchemilla phegophila Juz. and Alchemilla subrenata Bus. harvested in the Ivano-Frankivsk region in 2020 - 2021.
The component composition and quantitative content of essential oils were determined by chromato-mass spectrometric method. The compounds were identified by comparing the obtained mass spectra of the chromatographic peak with the mass spectra of the reference compounds and based on comparison with the spectra of the database. Quantitative determination of the content of substances in the raw material was performed in comparison with a standard sample of menthol.
Results. The essential oil of flowers and leaves of Alchemilla. flabellata Bus., Alchemilla phegophila Juz. and Alchemilla subrenata Bus were obtained. It was found that the highest content of essential oils was characterized by Alchemilla. flabellata Bus. flowers (16884.6 mg / kg), and the least essential oil was contained in the leaves of Alchemilla Phegophila Juz. (4895.5 mg / kg). As a result of studying the component composition of essential oils of flowers and leaves of Alchemilla flabellata Bus., Alchemilla Phegophila Juz. and Alchemilla subrenata Bus. 48, 51 and 47 compounds were identified, of which 44, 48 and 43 were identified, respectively. 31 components of essential oil were common in the studied samples of raw materials.
Conclusions. Due to the component composition of the essential oil of flowers and leaves of Alchemilla. flabellata Bus., Alchemilla phegophila Juz. and Alchemilla subrenata Bus., as well as considering the known pharmacological activity of its components, it is advisable to conduct further pharmacological studies of raw materials of the genus Alchemilla L. to study their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties


An equipment for diffusion bonding and superplastic forming using movable insert modules is provided to improve bonding force of a laminated metal sheet when bonding a bonding object such as a metal by improving the structure of the equipment. An equipment(100) for diffusion bonding and superplastic forming comprises: a lower frame(150) in which a shielding gas injection path(151) is formed; a middle frame(120) which is joined with an upper part of the lower frame, and in which a plurality of bonding objects(121) are housed; an upper frame(110) which is joined with an upper part of the middle frame, and in which a forming gas injection path(111) for press-forming the bonding objects is formed; and a plurality of movable insert modules(130a,130b,130c) which are placed on an upper surface of the bonding objects to pressurize the bonding objects by receiving pressure of the forming gas. The equipment further comprises: a sealing plate(140) formed on an upper surface of the movable insert modules; and a press installed at one side of the upper frame to improve the gas sealing efficiency.


Secondary photons from decays of metastable neutralinos can contribute to the ultra-high energy cosmic ray flux. The neutralino production rate is too low in acceleration mechanisms to affect the cosmic ray spectrum without emitting enormous energy in photons and neutrinos. However, in top-down models with sources not concentrated in galactic halos, neutralino decays change the spectrum significantly. We estimate the parameters of a model in which photons from neutralino decays are responsible for cosmic ray events with energies above 10^20 eV, and figure out distinctive experimental signatures for this model.


Network science has been applied in the hard and soft sciences for several decades. Founded in graph theory, network science is now an expansive approach to the analyses of complex networks of many types of objects (events, people, locations, etc.). Researchers are finding that techniques and tools used in social network analysis have relevant application in projects that span more than just relationships between people. This paper discusses the application of network analysis in a postgraduate course on information security and risks in organisational settings as a special topic course.


Subgrade moisture content significantly influences soil strength and pavement bearing capacity. Pavement moisture content varies greatly throughout the year, especially in cold regions. Thus, having a better understanding of seasonal variation in moisture content in the pavement is needed to be developed. This research aims to apply machine learning models to predict the moisture content of unbound materials in the pavement. Unfrozen volumetric moisture content measurements recorded at the Integrated Road Research Facility test road in Edmonton, Alberta were used to train machine learning models to predict moisture content at depths within 2.7 m of the road surface. Machine learning models were implemented based on three parameters of pavement temperature, day of the year and depth. The results from the machine learning model were compared with a statistical model and showed higher accuracy than the existing model, indicating that machine learning models could enhance moisture content prediction in the pavement.


The transfer process for stone product coating film includes the following steps: spraying one layer of transparent waterproof lacquer to the surface of stone product; surface polishing to eliminate surface burr and other raised faults; spreading the coated film on water surface with the pattern side upwards, spraying activating reductant to the coated film and setting the stone product on the coated film and pressing into water for 20 sec so as to transfer the pattern onto the stone product. Then, the stone product is water flushed, stoved in furnace, twice deposited with unsaturated transparent resin, polished with polishing wax to obtain the finished stone product. Thus produced stone product has no release of radioactive element harmful to human health and has raised value.


Mesophyll protoplasts of butterbur (Fuki) were prepared in the enzyme solution containing 0.l% Pectolyase Y 23, 0.5% Cellulase Onozuka RS, 0.5% Driselase and 0.5M mannitol at 27°C for 120 min with shaking at the rate of 80 str/min. Purified protoplasts were cultured in the medium containing diluted MURASHIGE & SKooG's (MS) salts, vitamins, and various concentration of auxins and cytokinins at 1×105 cells/ml. The culture was kept at 25°C. After about one or one and a half months, cell colonles were transplanted onto the agar medium containing 1/4 MS salts, 1/2 MS vitamins, 1mg/l NAA. 0.5 mg/l BA, 1% sucrose and 0.8% agar. Calluses of 2∼5 mm in diameter were transferred on the agar medium of MS with 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar supplemented with various concentration of NAA and BA to induce shoot. After 6 month-culture, whole plants were obtained.


The vessel encounter data collected from the vessel trajectories in the maritime traffic situation is possible to analyze vessel collision and near-collision risk using statistical method. In this study, analyzing variables extracted from the vessel encounter data using factor analysis, we determine main factors effecting vessel collision risk from vessel encounter data. In order to calculate each factor, it used principal component analysis for factor analysis after normalization and standardization of vessel encounter variables. As a result of the factor analysis, main effect factors are summarized into the vessel approach factor and collision avoidance variance factor.


The main objective of this paper is to provide insights into the role of sensor information systems (SIS) in general, as well as into the built-in IT hardware sensors in particular, within the context of IT resource management in the data centers. The paper explores the current practices of conventional IT resource management systems (IRMS) and sensor-based IRMS (SIRMS) in the context of data centers. This has been done with the objective to identify the gaps between the ideal and optimal utilization of built-in hardware sensors and facility SIS within the current practices. Furthermore, through content analysis of data gathered from five case studies, the paper evaluates the opportunities and added functionalities that SIRMS have the potential to provide to data centers through advanced automation of the information technology infrastructure. How SIRMS can facilitate the optimization of IT resource usage is also discussed. This leads to the elaboration on the contributions that SIS can make towards the automation of data centers.


In this study, the poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC) blends with different compositions were prepared by a novel vane extruder based on elongation rheology. The mechanical properties, morphologies, crystallization behavior, thermal stability, and rheological properties of the blends were investigated. Mechanical test showed that PLA could be toughened by PPC to some extent, and the impact strength of the PLA was maximized when PPC content was about 30%. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that PPC had little effect on the melting process, the crystallization behavior of PLA component in the blend was improved, and the cold crystallizability of PLA decreased with the increase of PPC content when the PPC content was less than 50%. Thermogravimetry analysis showed that the thermal stability of the blends was improved by compounding with PLA. Scanning electron microscope showed that the dispersion of PLA droplets in PPC matrix was better than that of PPC droplets in PLA matrix. Rheological test showed that the melt viscosity of the pure PLA and the blend with 10% PPC was insensitive to shear rate, and the blends melt appeared shear thinning phenomenon with the increase of PPC content. It also showed that the blends microstructure changed with the addition of PPC and the blends with PPC content in a certain range had similar stress relaxation mechanism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


At universities, the courses about computer vision and image processing have been usually taught using a classical methodology based on textbooks, notes and practical exercises which are explained on a blackboard, although sometimes the teachers use video projector and PC presentations for showing slides with static contents; mainly slides with text, figures and photos. However, this teaching model is focused in teacher instead of students and consequently, this approach is not effective when the teacher seeks to achieve cognitive objectives which involve a student's critical thinking. That is, student should be able to develop skills such as acquired knowledge about how filters, operators, methods and techniques for image processing are implemented by computer vision software libraries. Besides, student should be motived to use that background in order to solve practical and real problems in which it is advisable both a study and an analysis of features based on image processing. This manuscript presents the development, implementation and assessment of a practical-casesbased engineering course, concretely in the Image and Video Processing degree course at the University of Alicante. All course lectures and hands-on laboratory activities have as the main goal that student acquires not only image-specific technical skills but also general knowledge in data analysis to discover phenomena in pixel regions of images and video frames. This way, our teaching-learning process accomplishes both knowledge assimilation and skill developments using a strategy continuous evaluation. In addition, this work presents the progress of student results as well as a comparison between the assessments and scores of students in this year and past years in issues related to specific subject. The Image and Video Processing course is a compulsory subject of Degree in Multimedia Engineering at the University of Alicante in Spain. It is taught during 14-week period of the third academic year, also it has a workload of 6 ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) distributed as 30 hours of computer and laboratory practices and 30 hours of theory class. Nowadays, 80 students are enrolled in this course.


Abstract-Automated tissue characterization is one of the most crucial components of a computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system for interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Although much research has been conducted in this field, the problem remains challenging. Deep learning techniques have recently achieved impressive results in a variety of computer vision problems, raising expectations that they might be applied in other domains, such as medical image analysis. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a convolutional neural network (CNN), designed for the classification of ILD patterns. The proposed network consists of 5 convolutional layers with 2x2 kernels and LeakyReLU activations, followed by average pooling with size equal to the size of the final feature maps and three dense layers. The last dense layer has 7 outputs, equivalent to the classes considered: healthy, ground glass opacity (GGO), micro nodules, consolidation, reticulation, honeycombing and a combination of GGO/reticulation. To train and evaluate the CNN, we used a dataset of 1469 image patches, derived by 20 CT scans from different scanners and hospitals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first deep CNN designed for the specific problem. The classification performance demonstrated the potential of CNNs in analysing lung patterns. Key Words: Micro nodules, honeycombing, image analysis, classification


Objective: To establish an efficient method for isolating human peripheral monocytes from peripheral blood and for transfecting monocytes.Methods: A method based on density-gradient centrifugation and further magnetic beads conjugated with antibodies was used for isolating monocytes from human peripheral blood,and then the cells were transfected by a modified electroporation method with GFP-expressing vector or siRNA to knockdown the expression of TNF receptor associated factor 6(TRAF6).Results: Monocytes with high purity were successfully isolated from peripheral blood(purity above 89.95%) based on FACS analysis using monocyte marker CD14.The electroporation method delivered plasmid DNA(transfection efficiency about 60%~70% based on GFP expression),and also small interference RNA into monocytes efficiently by checking TRAF6 expression(knocking down efficiency above 90%) using Western blot method,and siRNA knocking down TRAF6 inhibits the activation of JNK by LPS treatment.Conclusion: The method reported here was very efficient for isolating human primary monocytes from peripheral blood,and the NucleoFectorⅡ-based electroporation was capable of transfecting the primary monocytes efficiently.Together,these would provide methodological basics for future functional studies based on monocytes.


Viewed from the origin of the small theatre drama attended by people widely in recent years,the paper discusses the physical and mental spatial relationship between the audienceand the actor which is reconstructed,summarizes the characteristics of the stage space of the small theatre through the methods of the case prototype induction.


The rates and selectivity of propane hydrogenolysis on Ni/MgAl2O4 catalysts modified by preadsorbed sulfur and on Ni/SiO2 catalysts modified by copper alloying have been measured. On both types of catalysts, the rate of ethane production goes through a maximum at high temperatures. For the NiCu/SiO2 catalysts, this behavior correlates with the onset of secondary hydrogenolysis of ethane, but not for the sulfur-modified Ni/MgAl2O4 catalysts. The selectivity for ethane formation on Ni/MgAl2O4 catalysts was higher with sulfur than without, but a decreasing function of sulfur at high coverage. The selectivity on NiCu/SiO2 catalysts was found to increase monotonically with the copper content. Comparisons with a previous propane hydrogenolysis study on nickel–copper catalysts with very different surface properties reveal surprising agreements. Our NiCu/SiO2 catalysts have been shown to be strongly enriched in copper in the surface of the alloy particles after reduction. This is similar to previous results for unsupported NiCu catalysts but in contrast to the NiCu/SiO2 catalysts used by Dalmon and Martin (J. Catal.66, 31 (1980)), reported to have bulk composition also in the surface after reduction. The hydrogenolysis results of the two NiCu/SiO2 catalyst studies are, nevertheless, in close agreement, but deviate strongly from the hydrogenolysis results for the unsupported NiCu particles. It is difficult to reconcile the various hydrogenolysis results with simple ensemble models. It is suggested that special sites may dominate hydrogenolysis activity on nickel catalysts.


We extend the analysis of photon coincidence spectroscopy beyond bichromatic excitation and two-photon coincidence detection to include multichromatic excitation and multiphoton coincidence detection. Trichromatic excitation and three-photon coincidence spectroscopy are studied in detail, and we identify an observable signature of a triple resonance in an atom-cavity system.


Michael Jay Schillaci reviews "Computational Modeling and Visualization of Physical Systems with Python" by Jay Wang, declaring it deserving of becoming a standard in undergraduate and graduate curricula where scientific computing plays a role.


In the rapidly growing world, where farming land is shrinking due to horizontal urban expansion and development-induced projects, agricultural productivity should grow by 70% to meet food needs. Spatial urban expansion in developing countries, not exceptional to Ethiopia, puts immense pressure by taking peri-urban fertile agricultural land for the purpose of development. This paper examines whether urban expansion increases or decreases the agricultural technology adoption capacity of smallholder peri-urban farmers. Households were clustered into displaced and non-displaced, and data were collected from 341 households, 101 of whom were displaced and 240 households were non-displaced. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were employed to explore the role of urban expansion in technology adoption of smallholder peri-urban farmers. The multivariate probit result shows that urban expansion decreases the tendency of displaced smallholder peri-urban farmers to participate in irrigation and adoption of a generator but urban expansion does not increase or decrease displaced households' tendency to adopt beehive and practice row sawing. Generally, urban expansion decreases the affinity of smallholder peri-urban farmers to adopt agricultural technologies. Therefore, policymakers, particularly the Bureau of Agriculture should intensively work and train displaced smallholder peri-urban farmers on the benefit of agricultural technologies to improve agricultural productivity and use the remaining plot of farmland sustainably. Besides strong monitoring and follow-up are required to avert the negative ramifications of development-induced displacement.


In this study, natural clay, iron oxide, and iron powder were combined to develop low-cost iron mixed porous pellet adsorbent for arsenate and arsenite removal from aqueous solution in batch experiments. The augmented simplex centroid mixture design was applied to obtain the optimum proportion of each constituent. Higher correlation coefficient of the models (R2 > 0.95), good distribution of residuals, and lower values of p value (<0.05) indicated that the method is suitable for determining the optimum mixture proportion. Extensive decrease of both arsenate and arsenite adsorption occurred in the alkaline condition (pH > 9). Kinetic and isotherm experimental data of both arsenate and arsenite were well described by the pseudo-second order and Sips models, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of arsenate and arsenite derived from Sips model were 13.33 and 19.06 mg/g, respectively. The separation and heterogeneity factors showed that both arsenate and arsenite were favorably adsorbed. Among coexisting anions, phosphate significantly showed negative effect on the adsorption of either arsenate or arsenite. The adsorbent could be effectively reused for several times after its regeneration and was considered as non-hazardous material after adsorption.


Biogeographia vol. XXV - 2004 (Printed December, 30 q' 2004) Marine Biogeography of the Mediterranean Sea: patterns and dynamics ofbiodiversity New data on occurrence of thermophile Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) in tl1e Phlaegrean Islands (lschia, Procida, Vivara, Gulf of Naples), with special attention to /lstroicles cal)/cu/arts MARCO DAPPIANO°*, MARIA CRISTINA GAMBI* ° [CR/LM, via dz' Czzsrzlotti 300, Roma (Italy). Ttzborzztario di Ecologirz del Bent/705, Stzzzione Zoologiaz qA. Do/7m ", Pzmtzz San Pietro —./380077 Isc/7221 (Nzzpoli, Italy) Key words: Scleractinia, Afiroitler a1/you/zzrir, distribution, marine cave, Tyrrhenian Sea. SUMMARY Ntw data on occurrence and distribution of some Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Arithozoa) with thermophile affinity were presented for the area comprising the Phlaegrean islands (lschia, Procida and Vivara, Gulf of Naples Tyrrhenian Sea). Data were obtained by means ofvisual census and photographic sampling in 21 sites located all around the islands on rocky cliffs, rocky banks and semi-obscure caves. Four species with thermophile affinity were recorded: Clzzdocorzz czzerpitarzz (Linneo, 1767), Mzzzlraa'.tp/rzzmzsis (Heller, 1868), P/Jyllzmgzlz mom:/aezii (Lacaze—Duthiers, 1897), and Artroides mlym/izrir (Pallas, 1766). Both M. plmremir and P. mozrr/Jezii were first reported for the studied area after our study. The most widespread and frequent species was C raertaitara, occurring in almost all studied sites in photophilious biotopes within the first 15-20 m depth. M. 127/1zzremz': was particularly abundant in the "Grotta Grande" of the bank "Formiche of Vivara", where it formed a large flzcie: on the cave ceiling. P. mam'/Jezii was the most occasional specie occurring with few colonies in three sites between 25 and 40 m depth. For A. nzlycztlrzris a specific study on abundance pattern and population structure was performed in three stations (two inside of a semi—submersed, semi—obscure cave and one along the shadowed cliff off S. Angelo). A. czzlyrztldrzk showed very high densities in the zone 0-1 m depth, mainly consisting of young specimens (1—3 corallites). Density showed a dramatic decrease below 3 m depth in the two stations inside the cave, while in S. Angelo density started to decrease below 6-8 m depth. Inside of the cave, comparison with previous observations from an earlier ecological study performed in 1976, revealed that the species has strongly increased its abundance and coverage, extending its colonization to the entire perimeter of the cave, including a long and narrow siphon and a large inner chamber (from approx. 56 ml of bottom colonized in 1976 to approx. 418 m" in 2003). The high frequency, and extension of/1. m{yt'zz/zzri: in the studied area can be favored by changes in the hydrographic conditions in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea and in the Gulf of Naples. In fact, an overall slight warming of the superficial waters has been recorded in some periods in the Gulf. Longer water mass summer stratification and increase of winter minimum were occasionally recorded. This inter—annual variability, with some years or longer periods of warming of the superficial waters, may be an important factor for the reproductive success of the species, which in these periods can favor more intensive offspring production and increase successful settlement of new recruits that may lead to the increased colonization observed. A. rzzlym/zzrir, especially in those areas such as the Gulf of Naples near to its northern distribution limit, should be therefore considered as a good "biological indicator" at short and rnedium—term scale, to reveal ongoing climatic changes.


A comprehensive molecular simulation study on heterogeneous reaction mechanisms of NO with nitrogen-containing char is carried out using density functional theory. NO chemisorption and subsequent possible reaction pathways are proposed. Geometries of reactants, products, stable intermediates and transition states are optimized at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. It is found that NO molecule chemisorption with its bond axis parallel to the edge line of nitrogen-containing char is a weakly exothermic process. The N-O bond in NO molecule tends to dissociate after chemisorption. N2 and CO are desorbed when NO molecules are chemisorbed with the formation of N-N bond. N2 desorption is exothermic, while CO desorption is endothermic. So we conclude that N2 is the dominant product from interaction between NO and nitrogen-containing char.


Complement proteins C3b and C3bi are important opsonins for a variety of human pathogens. Recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated a role for C3 in mediating interactions of encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) with macrophages [1]. We observed that <15% of organisms bound via C3 were ingested; however, when subopsonic concentrations of monoclonal antibody to Hib capsule were added, 537c of organisms bound to macrophages via C3 were ingested [1]. On the basis of these observations we proposed that C3 acts chiefly to bind H. influenzae to macrophages, and under certain conditions of low antibody concentration, complement is required for antibody-directed ingestion. To examine further how this C3mediated binding influences the opsonic effect of antibody, we measured the ability of six murine monoclonal antibodies to mediate binding and ingestion of Hib. Binding and ingestion of bacteria by resident peritoneal murine macrophages was measured as previously described [1]. This assay does not assess killing of bacteria by macrophages. Bacteria were added to macrophages adherent to glass coverslips and incubated for 60 min at 370C in 300 jliI of buffer containing 8% nonimmune serum, 20 ^1 of a 1:20 dilution of antibody, or 8% nonimmune serum and 20 /ul of a 1:20 dilution of antibody. Antibodies El 17-5, 5M1H9, PCP61-1, G56-5, and G102-5 were provided by D. Madore (Praxis Biologies, Rochester, NY). Antibody 7F3 was provided by T. Murphy (School of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo). Concentrations of antibodies in undiluted fluids were determined by radial immunodiffusion assay (ICN Biomedicals, Costa Mesa, CA). Bactericidal activity was assessed by methods previously used in our laboratory. These assays were done to demonstrate the ability of antibodies to recognize bacterial antigens and to fix complement. Recent work has suggested that these assays cannot be used to predict in vivo effects of antibody and complement [2]. Bacteriolysis was measured using both human agammaglobulinemic serum and nonimmune guinea pig serum as complement sources. Murine serum does not mediate bacteriolytic activity. Only monoclonal antibody El 17-5 was capable of mediating binding and ingestion in the absence of nonimmune murine serum (table 1). No binding or ingestion was seen with the five other monoclonals tested without serum, even when undiluted preparations were added to the system. Addition of serum to


The goal of this thesis is to analyse the impact of Arctic ecology on the development of international systems in the circumpolar world. It is a goal pursued in two steps: (i) by
developing an analytical approach capable of tracing the mutual constitution of international and ecological systems in world history; and (ii) by using the resulting toolkit to establish a baseline understanding of the international systems of the polar basin. Part One adapts the analytical approach pioneered by Barry Buzan and Richard Little to study international systems in world history, adding a contextual axis to their analytical matrix in order to escape the anthropocentric cul-de-sac that has heretofore
limited IR's ability to consider ecology's role in the constitution of international units, processes, and structures. The resulting approach – defined in terms of SocioEcological Coevolution – describes this relationship in terms of three sources of explanation: coevolutionary process, ecological capacity and biogeographical structure. Part Two uses the toolkit to analyse the past four hundred years of Arctic history, charting the impact of ecological systems on the principles of membership and behaviour that define international systems in circumpolar world. Through discussions of socio-ecological coevolution, ecological capacity and biogeographical structure, the project identifies the Arctic as a region defined by competing sets of Westphalian and imperial principles. The balance between the Arctic's anarchic states system and its hierarchic imperial systems has its fulcrum on a socio-ecological ecotone – a transitional gradient that divides its neo-European and non-European biomes and marks a shift from Westphalian to imperial social principles. Though designed to answer specific questions about the constitution of international systems in the circumpolar North, Coevolution proves itself to be a promising tool for ecological analysis in IR with potential applicability to regions outside of the Arctic Basin.


the Communications Studies Group (CSG) was established at University College, London.' Under the sponsorship of the Civil Service Department, the British Post Office, and other interested organizations, the CSG conducted the program of research which forms the basis of The Social Psychology of Telecommunications. As its dust jacket proclaims, this text was one of the first to address the social-psychological aspects of telecommunications. The authors acknowledge that their task was not easy: &dquo;Discovering the impact of telecommunications upon society may seem rather like trying to eat an elephant: it is difficult to know where to start&dquo; (p. 19). The social impacts listed by the authors include transportation, economic development, and urban planning. Rather than tackle such issues directly, however, the authors argue that a knowledge of the way telecommunications are used by individuals and small groups is &dquo;basic to any clear view of the way such systems will or should develop, and the impact they are likely to have upon society&dquo; (p. 9). The authors have studied office workers-mainly civil servants-in an attempt to establish the proportion of existing business meetings which could be transferred to telecommunications without loss of effectiveness. Laboratory measures of behavior, studies of user attitudes to new telecommunications facilities, and field surveys are combined to produce a Telecommunications Impact Model, whose function is to allocate these meetings to one of three communications media-audio, video, or face-to-face.


In this work, we investigated, through a short-term genotoxicity experiment, the umu-test, the mutagenic activities of a group of phenolic Schi bases, namely Mate- rial A 2-(N-phenyliminomethyl)-phenol, Material B 2-(N-p-bromophenyliminomethyl)- phenol, Material C 2-(N-p-methylphenyliminomethyl)-phenol and Material D 2-(N-p- anilinephenyl iminomethyl)-phenol, the substances which we synthesized, in the chemistry laboratories of our university, to form the raw materials of medicines. The umu-test method is a colorimetric bacterial test system and has been developed on the basis of SOS response induced by DNA damage. Materials A, B, C and D and the experimental ma- terials prepared in 5 dierent dose levels by dissolving these materials in DMSO have not increased the galactosidase enzyme activity. When calculated with respect to the enzyme unit calculation formula, results seemed to be not larger than the unit value of the positive mutagenic material 4NQO. Results have also been evaluated statistically.


Abstract Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been combined with supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) in a preparative mode to develop a system for fractionating and enriching high value constituents contained in seed oil matrices. The system consists of an extraction step sequenced on-line with a sorbent filled column, which permits a SFE-enriched tocopherol fraction to be diverted onto the chromatographic column for further enrichment of the tocopherols. For the SFE stage, the tocopherol enrichment was optimized at 25 MPa and 80°C for soybean flakes and rice bran. However, total tocopherol recovery and enrichment was also found to be a critical function of the mass ratio of CO2/seed charge. Approximately 60% of the available tocopherols in soyflakes can be recovered in the SFE step, yielding enrichment factors of 1. 83–4.33 for the four tocopherol species found in soybean oil. Additional enrichment of tocopherol species can be realized in the SFC stage, ranging from 30.8 for delta-tocopherol to ...


The paper presents the steady-state and dynamic small-signal models for the active-clamp forward-flyback DC-DC converter with a current doubler rectifier. Based on the established models, several issues, such as inductor current sharing, transformer DC bias of magnetizing current and converter design, are discussed


A thin-film solar cell substrate with an epoxy resin and a preparation method for an ink jet printer, the ink comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5 to 5% solution of an epoxy resin; nanopowders 0.0001-0.1%; viscosity modifier agent, 0.1% to 1%; the balance solvent. The products made out of the present invention, using inkjet printing technology, or flexible printing onto the surface of the thin film solar cell, directly improve the power generation efficiency or the flexible thin film solar cell.


Introduction: Teclistamab (Tec) is a B-cell maturation antigen × CD3 T-cell redirecting bispecific antibody. In the phase 1 MajesTEC-1 trial in patients (pts) with heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), Tec monotherapy was well tolerated and yielded an overall response rate of 65% and very good partial response or better rate of 58% at the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) with 6.1 months' median follow-up; responses were durable and deepened over time. Daratumumab (Dara) is a monoclonal antibody that targets CD38 and is approved for the treatment of MM. In addition to direct cytotoxicity, Dara has immunomodulatory effects, including promotion of T-cell expansion and depletion of suppressive CD38+ immunoregulatory cells, making it a rational partner for T-cell redirection. In preclinical studies, the lytic activity of Tec against MM cell lines was enhanced by pretreatment and combination treatment with Dara. By targeting discrete yet complementary antigens, combination of Tec and Dara may improve efficacy in pts with RRMM. We present data for pts with RRMM who received Tec + Dara in a phase 1b multicohort study (TRIMM-2; NCT04108195).
 Methods: Eligible pts were ≥18 years of age with an MM diagnosis and had received ≥3 prior lines of therapy (including a proteasome inhibitor [PI] and immunomodulatory drug [IMiD]) or were double refractory to a PI and IMiD. Pts who had received anti-CD38 therapy ≤90 days were excluded. In Tec + Dara cohorts, treatment was administered in 28-d cycles (with step-up dosing for Tec). The primary objectives were to identify the RP2D for the Tec + Dara combination and evaluate its safety. This analysis focuses on subcutaneous (SC) cohorts in the study. Responses were assessed by IMWG criteria and adverse events (AEs) by CTCAE v5.0, except for cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), which were graded per ASTCT guidelines.
 Results: A total of 33 pts received SC Tec + Dara in different dosing cohorts: Dara 1800 mg + Tec 1500 µg/kg weekly (n=21), + Tec 3000 µg/kg weekly (n=5), + Tec 300 mg biweekly starting Cycle 3 Day 1 (Tec 150 mg weekly in Cycles 1-2; n=2), and + Tec 3000 µg/kg biweekly (n=5). Nine pts in the Dara 1800 mg + Tec 1500 µg/kg weekly cohort switched to Tec 3000 μg/kg biweekly dosing after Cycle 3 Day 1. As of the data cutoff (Jun 22, 2021), median follow-up across Tec + Dara cohorts was 3.6 months (range 0.1-10.4). Median pt age was 67 years (range 51-78) and 57.6% were female. Median number of lines of prior therapy was 5 (range 2-16); 69.7% of pts were triple-class exposed (prior anti-CD38 therapy was Dara in all 69.7%) and 60.6% were penta-drug exposed. Overall, 97.0% of pts had ≥1 AE of any grade; 66.7% had grade 3/4 AEs. The most common AE was CRS (54.5%; all grade 1/2); median time to onset was 2 days (range 1-6), and median duration was 2 days (range 1-7). Other AEs (≥30% across Tec + Dara cohorts) were neutropenia (36.4%; all grade 3/4), thrombocytopenia (36.4%; grade 3/4 33.3%), anemia (36.4%; grade 3/4 24.2%), diarrhea (36.4%; grade 3/4 3.0%), nausea (30.3%; all grade 1/2), and pyrexia (30.3%; all grade 1/2). Infections occurred in 51.5% of pts (grade ≥3 24.2%). No ICANS events were reported. One pt in the Dara 1800 mg + Tec 3000 µg/kg weekly cohort died due to bacterial pneumonia (unrelated to treatment) during Cycle 1, and 1 in the Dara 1800 mg + Tec 1500 µg/kg weekly cohort died due to progressive disease. Responses in different dosing cohorts are shown in the Table. Across Tec + Dara cohorts, median time to first response was 1.0 month (range 0-1.9). Median duration of response was not reached. Tec + Dara treatment led to proinflammatory cytokine production (induction of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α) and T-cell activation (upregulation of programmed cell death protein-1 and CD38 on peripheral T cells). The Tec pharmacokinetic profile was similar to that in MajesTEC-1. Data will be updated with longer follow-up at the time of the congress.
 Conclusions: The combination of Tec + Dara had a manageable safety profile, consistent with the monotherapies, and showed preliminary efficacy in pretreated pts with MM; with longer follow-up, responses may continue to deepen, as has been seen with Tec monotherapy. These promising data warrant further investigation; the randomized phase 3 MajesTEC-3 study will evaluate Tec + Dara vs Dara, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone or Dara, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in pts with RRMM.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Rodriguez-Otero: Amgen: Honoraria; Kite: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Consultancy; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene-BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Clínica Universidad de Navarra: Current Employment; Regeneron: Honoraria. Dholaria: Takeda: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Jazz: Speakers Bureau; MEI: Research Funding; Angiocrine: Research Funding; Poseida: Research Funding; Celgene: Speakers Bureau. Askari: Janssen: Research Funding. Reece: Karyopharm: Consultancy, Research Funding; GSK: Honoraria; Millennium: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding; Sanofi: Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. van de Donk: Cellectis: Research Funding; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Servier: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Chari: Oncopeptides: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Secura Bio: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Shattuck Labs: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millenium/Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sanofi Genzyme: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Antengene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen Oncology: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Goldschmidt: MSD: Research Funding; Mundipharma: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Dietmar-Hopp-Foundation: Other: Grant; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Molecular Partners: Research Funding; Johns Hopkins University: Other: Grant; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; GSK: Honoraria; Chugai: Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnology: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding. Krishnan: City of Hope Cancer Center: Current Employment; JANSSEN: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Speakers Bureau; MAGENTA: Consultancy; REGENERON: Consultancy; SANOFI: Consultancy; GSK: Consultancy; Amgen: Speakers Bureau. Martin: Sanofi: Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Consultancy; Janssen: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy. Mateos: Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Regeneron: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees


Ancient civilization of Iran was always important by its historical buildings; the cities with historical texture with native materials based on intelligent thinking of Iranian Architecture and construction of buildings according to climatic conditions were done to provide a place for human being comfort. While without imposing any extra cost, it had considerable share in optimization of fossil fuels consumption and used natural energy by passive and traditional method. Iran by 4 different climates uses passive methods in accordance with the special climatic condition of that region to design housing by traditional methods and its study is the main aim of this paper. At first, a general introduction of climate is introduced then, the characteristics of native architecture in the region is reviewed and then the design regulations such as building direction, the shape and construction of the building, open and close spaces characteristics etc are dealt and finally the important points in native architectural designs in accordance with climate are concluded.