As traditional clinical teaching faces major obstacles during the COVID-19 pandemic, medical educators look toward remote teaching methods to provide solutions to allow continuation of teaching. Remote methods, teaching delivered other than face-to-face, align with the transformation seen within pedagogy over the last 20 years. Aim The aim of this scoping review was to i) identify existing teaching methods available to remotely teach cardiovascular knowledge or skills and ii) identify if they have been evaluated. Methods A scoping review of the literature was undertaken to synthesise available evidence and examine remote teaching methods for application to undergraduate medical education. Forty-two articles were identified which presented remote teaching methods using either teaching based online, computer-programs, digital resources, mobile-phone technology, podcasts, serious gaming, social media or resources to aid self-directed learning. Although results were heterogenous, they gave an indication of the method's usefulness. However, evaluations were not consistent and if they were, would have strengthened the value of the findings. Various remote teaching methods are available to replace face-to-face cardiovascular teaching where this is not possible. Evidence for effectiveness and engagement of individual platforms are variable. Given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, medical educators should prioritise ongoing evaluation of remote teaching methods and share best practice.


Background : abundant evidence exists worldwide with regards to how religiosity and/or spirituality plays a role in influencing people with Type 2 diabetes manage their daily self-care activities. Indonesia is the most populous Muslim country in the world and research suggeststhat Indonesia has among the highest incidence of diabetes in the world. However, paucity of evidences was found about the relationship of religiosity and/or spirituality to the self- care of diabetes. Methods : The objective of this structuredreview is to identify, appraise and synthesise the best available evidence worldwide, including Indonesia, related to how people with diabetes perceives the role of religion and/or spirituality in managing daily self-care. CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE and Garuda, an Indonesian search portal were accessed to find evidence regarding self-care, religion and diabetes using the keywords 'religion', 'religiosity', 'spirituality', 'selfcare', 'self-management', 'self-efficacy', 'diabetes'. A critical appraisal using an adapted CASP tool was utilized. Results : The first attempt collected 51,722 articles from CINAHL, 11,346 from OvidMEDLINE, 62 from ISJD, 4 from Google Cendikia and nothing from Garuda. Second attempt was done with the inclusion of 'linked full text', 'references available', 'abstract available', '1970-2012', age range of '19-65' and revealed a total of 298 articles. Third attempt was done using several inclusion criteria, such as: self-management in chronic illness, quality of life in chronic illness, coping with diabetes, structured education in diabetes, and health behaviour determinants. Criteria exclusion was applied, such as: mental health, psychosis, nutrition intervention, chronic renal diseases, nurse's coping, and dying patients. Finally, thirtyone studies were retrieved to be analysed. Several themes emerged from the evidence these included: relationship with God or the transcendent, religion or spirituality as coping methods; religious practices; and, social support. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.185-193


We study the space charge effects on thermionic emission via a self-consistent approach. The Richardson-Dushman equation, corrected for the Schottky effect and the Poisson's equation including relativistic effects are solved iteratively. The knee of the transition curve from TL to FSCL operation is obtained self-consistently


Each system of the feeding of calves in farms is connected with creating and using more effective fodder additives during all growing period. These additives are especially deficient during milking and aftermilking periods of the growing of calves, and have a substantial negative effect on the health and reproduction livability of livestock of young cattle, and also subsequently on the quality of milk and dairy products especially at the growing and feeding of dairy cows during long all-year keeping in livestock breeding complexes. Therefore calves need the systematic supply of vitamin fodder additives during different age periods. The additive "Vitaminol" is one of most effective fodder additives used during the growing and feeding of calves. The fodder additive "Vitaminol" was included in rations of calves of black-pied breed depending on their age and live weight; the dozes were determined after 6 scientific and economical experiments and 6 physiological experiments. The results of the researches were tested in the agricultural enterprise "Novgorodskiy bekon" of the Novgorod region. The use of this fodder additive in rations in optimal dozes increases the live weight, average daily gains, improves metabolical processes that characterizes a better uptake of nutrients of the ration and does not exceed the acceptable biochemical blood values in calves.


Objective To explore the effect of locking compression plate in treating tibia fractures at middle and upper parts.Method 10 cases were treated with locking compression plates.The postoperative follow-up time was 8 months.Result 10 cases were bony healing,with none of complications.Conclusion Locking compression plate is a better minimally invasive treatment of tibia fractures.


According to the description and the concrete demand of the influence on flight by wind in the flight meteorology, the route model of the helicopter in air on-call situation flying towards the scheduled point was established. On the basis of this model, the influences by the wind speed and direction, the helicopter speed and direction on the flight time were analyzed in the simulation. The simulation results show that the influence of wind on the route planning cannot be neglected, and provide the policy decision basis for the optimization of route planning and combat efficacy improvement of helicopter.


Audiovisually, Tik Tok is unique compared to other social media platforms. So it is not uncommon to use it as a learning medium because in addition to containing entertaining elements, it can also be a fun learning tool. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of TikTok social media on students' interest in learning at MA Miftahul Ishlah Tembelok. This research uses correlation quantitative research or correlation research. Data collection techniques in this study were questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. This research is a population research with a total of 75 respondents. Hypothesis testing in this study used a simple linear regression test. Data management in this study uses the SPSS version 21 application. The results of this study indicate that the use of TikTok social media for students is in the medium category with a percentage of 59.5%. For learning interest, students are included in the medium category with a percentage of 61.9%. Based on the results of this study, it can be seen that the significance value is 0.000, so 0.000 <0.005, meaning Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, so there is a positive and significant influence between TikTok social media and students' interest in learning at MA Miftahul Ishlah Tembelok. The influence of TikTok social media on students' interest in learning is 34.0%.


Severe bronchospasm associated with hyperinflation of, and inability to deflate, the lung during and after extracorporeal circulation (ECC) is a rare complication, despite the fact that open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is now performed in more than 100,000 patients per year in the United States. Only one case of bronchospasm following ECC has been reported (1). Severe bronchospasm following thoracotomy, however, has been reported more frequently (2-5). The incidence of bronchospasm and massive lung collapse following general surgery was less than 0.2% in a series of nearly 29,000 operations reviewed by Waters (6).
In more than 10 years of experience with more than 1000 cases per year in our institution, bronchospasm during or following ECC was an unknown phenomenon. However, recently, two patients who underwent coronary artery revascularization had severe bronchospasm following ECC.


For the statistical analysis of Figs 1B, 1C, 1D, 1F, 3D, 4G, 5F, 6F, 6I, 8B, S6C, and S9, the significance was calculated by comparing the pool of all cilia counts obtained from cultured cells of 3 independent experiments. In Fig 2E, the statistical analysis of cilia counts from mouse tissues was based on a comparison of the pooled counts across 3 pairs of the control and Lmna / mice. In Appendix Fig S4B, the statistical analysis of cilia counts from mouse tissues was based on a comparison of the pooled counts across 2 pairs of the control and Lmna / mice. The authors further wish to add the following information regarding pooling of datapoints to the figure legends: Figure 2. Lmna null mice display defective primary cilia in the skeletal muscle, kidney, uterus, and ovary. (E) The statistical analysis of cilia counts from mouse tissues was based on a comparison of the pooled counts across 3 pairs of the control and Lmna / mice.


Supersymmetric contributions to time independent asymmetry in B 0 s → J/ψΦ process are analyzed in view of recent Tevatron experimental measurements. We show that the experimental limits of the mass difference ΔM Bs and the mercury electric dipole moment significantly constrain the supersymmetric (SUSY) contribution to B 0 s -B 0 s mixing, so that sin2β s ≲ 0.1. We also point out that the one loop SUSY contribution to B 0 s → J/ψφ decay can be important and can lead to large indirect CP asymmetries which are different for different polarization states. These new physics effects in the decay amplitude can be consistent with CP measurements in the B d system.


Context. Dimethyl ether is one of the most abundant complex organic molecules (COMs) in star-forming regions. Like other COMs, its formation process is not yet clearly established, but the relative abundances of its deuterated isotopomers may provide crucial hints in studying its chemistry and tracing the source history. The mono-deuterated species (CH2DOCH3) is still a relatively light molecule compared to other COMs. Its spectrum is the most intense in the THz domain in the 100–150 K temperature regime, tracing the inner parts of the low-mass star-forming region. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and assign its transitions in this range in order to be able to compute accurate predictions required by astronomical observations, in particular with the telescope operating in the submm range, such as ALMA. Aims. We present the analysis of mono-deuterated dimethyl ether in its ground-vibrational state, based on an effective Hamiltonian for an asymmetric rotor molecules with internal rotors. The analysis covers the frequency range 150–990 GHz. Methods. The laboratory rotational spectrum of this species was measured with a submillimeter spectrometer (50–990 GHz) using solid-state sources. For the astronomical detection, we used the IRAM 30 m telescope to observe a total range of 27 GHz, in 4 frequency bands from 100 GHz to 219 GHz. Results. New sets of spectroscopic parameters have been determined by a least squares fit with the ERHAM code for both conformers. These parameters have permitted the first identification in space of both mono-deuterated DME isomers via detection of twenty transitions in the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293-2422 with the IRAM 30 m telescope. The DME deuteration ratio in this source appears as high as observed for methanol and formaldehyde, two species known to play an important role in the COMs formation history.


Preservation of the renal function is the principal task in treatment of tumors of the kidneys. The studies performed over recent decades show that chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are much more widespread than it was presumed earlier, while the traditional methods used for assessment of the renal function often underrate the occurrence of the CKD, which carries more serious consequences than previously thought. The CKD lead to disorder of the renal functions with subsequent transition to renal insufficiency, which heightens the risk of development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. In patients with renal cell cancer (RCC) the differences between the oncospecific and the overall survival rates become significant as early as three years after the surgical treatment. One of the significant reasons for the absence of positive changes in the overall survival of the RCC patients is deterioration of the renal function after surgical removal of the renal tissue against the background of CKD. Differ-ent studies show that the combination of RCC and CKD leading to deterioration of the renal function is found in a substantial number of patients. Thus, the modern therapy for RCC patients must focus on optimization of the renal functions, prevention of CKD, and minimization of the CKD degree, whenever possible. Research aimed at improvement of the renal function in CKD patients after surgery should be one of the priorities of oncourology.


Purpose of this study is: (1) Analyze the effective strategies for the implementation of Adiwiyata schools in Pekanbaru and (2) Analyze the condition of environmentally-friendly infrastructures so that it can become a culture in Pekanbaru High Schools. The type of this research is an exploratory research (case study). In the early stage, there was a grouping of analysis variables at the research location which is in several Pekanbaru High Schools. This research was also carried out on the actors of teaching and learning activities as well as school managers who have activities with the sample set based on the key person method approach. A number of data obtained through interviews with selected respondents will also be carried out with an in-depth interview method (Bungin, 2008). As research samples, the key informants are school managers and policymakers who are considered representative to get the data needed. This initial data will be the basis for the preparation of the research questionnaire. As respondents, the key informants are students, teachers, principals, and administrative staffs. This research was conducted from September to November 2017 in several Pekanbaru High Schools.


The paper deals with the historical and cultural significance of postcolonial violence in noted Australian author,Thomas Keneally's novel the Chant of Jimmy Blacksmith,i.e. the root cause of violence is oppression,or,the more oppression,the more violence. The violence seeker attempts to shatter such "transcendental signifieds" as subject/object,white /black binary oppositions in white ideology. The result will be obviously ruinous. Under the grand background of founding Australian Commonwealth,the historical and cultural significance of postcolonial violence is magnified and multiplied.


The 22 nanometer (22 nm) is the next CMOS process step following the 32 nm step on the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). The typical half-pitch (i.e., half the distance between identical features in an array) for a memory cell using the process is around 22 nm. It was first introduced by semiconductor companies in 2008 for use in memory products, while first consumer-level CPU deliveries started in April 2012.The performance of CMOS devices has improved dramatically, aggressive scaling of interconnect dimensions has resulted in a number of critical issues which degrade chip performance significantly. Therefore, optimization and efficient design of interconnect networks have become the most important task for VLSI circuit designers.


OBJECTIVE—To compare the efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin and rosiglitazone during a 24-week treatment in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a double-blind, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study of 24-week treatment with vildagliptin (100 mg daily, given as equally divided doses; n = 519) or rosiglitazone (8 mg daily, given as a once-daily dose; n = 267). RESULTS—Monotherapy with vildagliptin and rosiglitazone decreased A1C (baseline = 8.7%) to a similar extent during the 24-week treatment, with most of the A1C reduction achieved by weeks 12 and 16, respectively. At end point, vildagliptin was as effective as rosiglitazone, improving A1C by −1.1 ± 0.1% (P < 0.001) and −1.3 ± 0.1% (P < 0.001), respectively, meeting the statistical criterion for noninferiority (upper-limit 95% CI for between-treatment difference ≤0.4%). Fasting plasma glucose decreased more with rosiglitazone (−2.3 mmol/l) than with vildagliptin (−1.3 mmol/l). Body weight did not change in vildagliptin-treated patients (−0.3 ± 0.2 kg) but increased in rosiglitazone-treated patients (+1.6 ± 0.3 kg, P < 0.001 vs. vildagliptin). Relative to rosiglitazone, vildagliptin significantly decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL, non-HDL, and total-to-HDL cholesterol (−9 to −16%, all P ≤ 0.01) but produced a smaller increase in HDL cholesterol (+4 vs. +9%, P = 0.003). The proportion of patients experiencing an adverse event was 61.4 vs. 64.0% in patients receiving vildagliptin and rosiglitazone, respectively. Only one mild hypoglycemic episode was experienced by one patient in each treatment group, while the incidence of edema was greater with rosiglitazone (4.1%) than vildagliptin (2.1%). CONCLUSIONS—Vildagliptin is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option in patients with type 2 diabetes, demonstrating similar glycemic reductions as rosiglitazone but without weight gain.


doi: 10.5216/ree.v15i2.18554 -  http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v15i2.18554 . ABSTRACT Despite the awareness regarding the risk of infectious diseases being transmitted to health professionals exposed to biological material, it is estimated that a large part of the accidents are under-reported. The objectives of this study were to identify the rate and reasons for under-reporting occupational accidents in the surgical nursing professionals of a university hospital. Therefore, all nursing professionals of the surgical department that agreed to participate of this study were interviewed one by one. Of a total of 161 participants, 90 reported having experienced a total of 261 exposures to biological material, 147 of which hade been under-reported; that is, a underreporting rate of 55.1%. The main alleged reasons were: source-patient was HIV-negative and the accident was considered to be low-risk. The implementation of strategies to increase safety depends on the risk situations, and the identification of individual and institutional risk factors. Descriptors: Exposure to Biological Agents; Nursing, Team; Occupational Accidents Registry.


This study aimed to examine whether there are differences in quality of life for commuters based on the characteristics of the respondents. The research was conducted by an experimental approach using primary data. Samples were taken as 384 respondents in proportional random sampling with snowball sampling method. Analysis of the data are t-test and F-test. The results showed no difference in quality of life for commuters by sex, age, marital status and occupation, while there were no differences by education.


Taking the network switching equipment and the microcontroller as the core, a security system based on ADSL access technology is designed with the embedded method. The structure and communication mode of the security system are studied from three aspects: network switching equipment configurations, network communication module design of uplink equipment and communication module design of ADSL access equipment. The system can establish security monitoring points on existing telephone lines, which can not only meet the security protection requirements of high bandwidth, long transmission distance and information security, but can also reach the level of several kilometres. Furthermore, it can greatly reduce construction costs and operation costs of security system, and effectively realize the logistic support ability of security system.


This paper evaluates the trends in the government expenditure on rural development in general and rural employment and poverty alleviation programs in particular with a special emphasis on wage employment and entrepreneurship development programs.


Thermal non-destructive testing (NDT) is commonly used for assessing aircraft structures. This research work evaluates the potential of pulsed thermography (PT) for certain applications. In particular, real time monitoring was obtained using PT. In some cases, thermal modelling as well as other non-destructive testing and evaluation techniques (i.e. acoustography, ultrasonic wheel array) were also used with the intention of providing supplementary results. The following features were studied and presented: E Through skin sensing on aluminium (Al) alloy and carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) structures. E Defect detection under multi-ply composite repairs. E Impact damage on carbon fibre reinforced plastic panels and honeycomb sandwich structures. E Drilling induced defects on multi-ply laminates of carbon fibre composites. It is concluded that PT is a rapid large area non-destructive technique that can find adequate use on aircraft – aerospace materials and structures.


Caesarean section is a surgical procedure done when vaginal delivery is contraindicated in which incisions are made through a woman's abdomen and uterus to deliver her baby. The appropriate care at delivery is crucial for both maternal and perinatal health. One way of reducing maternal mortality is by improving the availability, accessibility, quality and use of services for the treatment of complications that arise during pregnancy and childbirth which are collectively known as emergency obstetric care (EmOC) services. The caesarean section is one among emergency obstetric care and common indications reported from various studies were previous Caesarean Sections, failure of labour to progress, foetal distress and obstructed labour. As per WHO guidelines, no region is to have a caesarean section rate higher than 10-15%. But the world is witnessing an increasing rate of Caesarean Sections for the past few years in many countries. In India, according to NFHS 4 data, the ABSTRACT


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The voltage control of the power system area dividing system, and method are disclosed. Voltage control and area dividing system comprising a selection of representative bus selector, and a voltage controlled region. Selecting a representative bus for a representative selection of busbar power system unit, and the bus selection sensitivity is less than the predetermined reference value of the voltage controlled local bus selection unit represented by the voltage control of the local bus representative. In this way, by selecting a representative selection of the bus and the reference value more than the sensitivity of the bus bars and bus bars represent pre-set to a voltage controlled region, it is possible to divide the clear voltage control area than the application of the secondary voltage control method. Power system, voltage control, and regional division


After neural crest cells coalesce to form sympathetic ganglia along the dorsal aorta, they acquire a noradrenergic phenotype, characterized by catecholamine histofluorescence and immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine bio~ynthesis. '-~ The neurotransmitter and neuropeptide phentoype expressed by the precursors and the neurons that they give rise to can change during the course of development. These changes include the coexpression of one or more neuropeptides with norepinephrine, or the loss of noradrenergic properties coincident with the acquisition of cholinergic and peptidergic properties. As a class, sympathetic neurons produce a number of neuropeptides including neuropeptide Y (NPY), the enkephalins, CGRP, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP),4 which exhibit different developmental pattern^.^.^ NPY and VIP are expressed widely during early neuronal development; NPY is evident several days before VIP, and VIP is more limited in its expression than NPY. Subsequently, NPY and VIP become restricted distinct subsets of sympathetic neurons; in mature animals many, but not all, noradrenergic sympathetic neurons coexpress NPY, while the much smaller population of cholinergic sympathetic neurons coexpress VIP (FIG. In contrast to the early expression of NPY and VIP, the enkephalin peptides do not appear in sympathetic ganglia until birth.'.' Enkephalin expression peaks at approximately postnatal day 21 (P21). then decreases significantly to reach steady-state adult levels. The mechanisms that control neuropeptide expression during development are not well understood. The observation that sympathetic neurons alter their expression of neuropeptides during development indicates that these neurons are plastic with regard to neurochemical properties, and raises the possibility that extracellular signals contribute to alterations in phenotype. A number of investigators have noted that the transmitter repertoire expressed by mature neurons is often correlated with their particular peripheral target,7,9-13 and suggested that target tissues instruct the innervating neurons to synthesize the specific neurotransmitters and neuropeptides appropriate for the target, or suppress the synthesis of unnecessary neurotransmitters and neuropeptides.


We have read with great interest the recent article on dendritic cells (DCs) in atherosclerosis by Bobryshev1 that reviewed the current status of the problem and its clinical relevance. We believe that the author correctly pointed out the role of DCs in the non-diseased vascular wall and in pre- atherosclerotic stages. In addition, he gave a brilliant summary of recent DC findings in manifest vascular lesions, predominantly based on animal work, mainly resulting from the lack of systematically analysed human plaque …


This paper employed system theory,analyzed about the spread structure relationships of network false information,constructed a mathematical model,revealed its react behavior by the role of the external environment,obtained a mathematical expression for the structure relationship of network false information,established the mathematics foundations for further research quantitatively evolution process of network false information.


Summary The study of international cooperation has emerged and evolved over the past few decades as a cornerstone of international relations research. The strategy here for reviewing such a large literature is to focus primarily on the rational choice and game theoretic approaches that instigated it and have subsequently guided its advance. Without these theoretical efforts, the study of international cooperation could not have made nearly as much progress—and it certainly would not have taken the form it does in the 21st century. Through this lens, we can identify major themes in this literature and highlight key challenges for future research relative gains logic into a concern that your to your security in the approach provides at most minor modification to does it in any significant way. relative gains provides a good precision of mathematical theory and shows the limits of verbal theory.


This paper proposes a novel line frequency multistage conduction LED driver with current-limiting mechanism. By operating the LED driver in multistage conduction, the number of LEDs can be automatically adjusted to be driven with low ac voltage, which increases the LED utilization rate. The current-limiting mechanism offers overcurrent protection to the LEDs. With the aim of shaping the input current into a sinusoidal waveform, the number of LEDs and the current-limit values are determined by the proposed analysis methods; these steps improve the power factor (PF) and the total harmonic distortion of input current (THDi). Finally, two prototype circuits--two-stage conduction and three-stage conduction LED drivers- are built to verify the performances, such as LED utilization rate, THDi, PF, and system efficiency.


facilitators that were identified at the individual level were altruism, risk behaviour, leadership, and personality characteristics. The facilitating role of communities as well as the empowering effect of having information was evident at the community level. Concrete facilitators identified at the individual level were the safety of participation and the rewards of participation. Concrete facilitators evident at the family and community levels were positive peer pressure and the salience of HIV for the participants. The lone concrete facilitator at the societal level was the socioeconomic status of the families from which adolescent participants may be recruited. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za


Historically, it has been assumed that second language acquisition (SLA) is a mental process, which takes place largely in isolated cognitive space (e.g., Long, 1997).

Keywords:

cognitive science;
discourse analysis;
esl/efl;
language and social interaction;
second language acquisition;
interactionist language studies


ABSTRACT This is the second article in a study examining the influence of naval geostrategy as a driver influencing Russian policy and military strategy in the Black Sea region. By the mid-2010s, Russia featured a much-improved geostrategic situation in the Black Sea theater as compared to the beginning of the century. Nevertheless, substantial weaknesses remained, some of which Russia has been able to neutralize during the conduct of its 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Following an examination of Russian military actions during the Russo-Ukrainian War, the author concludes that the application of military force by Russia in parts of Ukraine and the wider Black Sea region follows a long-term rationale and that Odesa and Mykolaiv, located at the western Black Sea littoral, remain core concerns for Russian military planners, despite the Russian military's current defensive posture at most sections of the front in southern Ukraine.


The way to buy back the stock and its significance to optimizing the capital structure and control function of financial affairs, conducting well the distribution policy of stock interest and energizing second level stock markt are mainly stated.


Over the past decade, there has been a significant improvement in neuroimaging techniques to improve the early diagnosis of acute stroke. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are often used in intracerebral hemorrhage or to evaluate contraindications to thrombolysis, to detect the localization of the ischemic area and to estimate the time of stroke. With the availability of fast and advanced imaging techniques, there is a growing interest in their application to predict success and eliminate the risks of specific therapy. This review examines the existing methods of neuroimaging in acute strokes. To interpret the results of neuroimaging, it is important to know the clinical picture. In addition, the time factor, from the onset of stroke to collateral blood supply, should be incorporated into existing imaging-based therapeutic strategies.


"Therapeutic Hypothermia: Keeping cool inside" by Zeeshan Mahmood1 with great interest. We have some additional comments elaborating the clinical implications of this promising neuroprotective therapy. We agree that therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has cardioprotective effect and if initiated during extended ischaemia/early reperfusion period, it optimally protects cardiomyocytes from ischaemic insult.2 We would like to highlight neuroprotection as the main reason for a resurgence of interest in hypothermia treatment, which was touched on by the author but does not stand out from this article.1 It has been observed that even small decreases in brain or body temperature result in marked attenuation of ischaemic brain injury.3,4 One of the main indications of TH is in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as mentioned by Zeeshan Mahmood. With reference to the last sentence of his article1 we agree that TH helps these patients to maintain a normal lifestyle due to "healthy heart". However, the protection afforded by TH may go beyond the heart to include a neuroprotective effect and allow for meaningful brain recovery in patients who suffer from cardiac arrest, stroke, acute traumatic brain injury and neonatal asphyxia. TH is an evidence-based intervention strategy and there is a need for improved awareness and education regarding this treatment option. While clinically induced hypothermia is beneficial as a treatment to preserve neurologic function, it is not without complications (such as electrolyte and coagulation abnormalities) and these should be carefully watched in these patients.5


The utility model relates to a movable turntable positioning structure for a rotary-type tablet press, which comprises a turntable bottom end surface and a main shaft large end surface, wherein the turntable bottom end surface is provided with a plurality of positioning column holes which are arranged on the same circumference and are uniformly distributed, and a positioning column component is arranged inside the positioning column hole; and the main shaft large end surface is provided with a conical pit corresponding to the positioning column component on the turntable bottom end surface, and the circumference on which the conical pit is arranged is of an annular conical groove. The positioning column component consists of a pressure regulating sleeve, a spring seat, a spring, a guide rod, a transitional sleeve, a steel ball and a steel ball cover, wherein the pressure regulating sleeve is provided with a thread to be connected with the transitional sleeve to form a shell, the transitional sleeve is connected with the turntable bottom end surface, the spring seat inside the shell compresses the spring, the spring is sleeved on the guide rod, the end of the guide rod extends out of the transitional sleeve, and the steel ball cover wraps the steel ball to be collectively connected with the end of the guide rod. When in installation, the movable turntable is gradually descended from the main shaft large end surface to the spherical surface on the head part of the positioning column component to be contacted with the annular conical groove on the main shaft large end surface, and then the turntable is manually rotated, so the spherical head part can completely enter the conical pit along the annular conical groove so as to rapidly complete the precise positioning.


The behaviour of aged skin transplanted onto nude mice was investigated to determine whether the skin maintains its histological features. Split‐thickness skin grafts obtained from the unexposed skin on the thighs of healthy aged and young volunteers were grafted onto nude mice. A significant difference between the mean thickness of young versus aged epidermis was noted before transplantation (P<0.001). The epidermis of aged and young skin showed an increase in thickness following engraftment with a mean increase in epidermal thickness of 18.8% in the young (P<0.01) and 142.5% in aged skin (P<0.001). The number of blood vessels in the aged skin was significantly lower than in the young skin, but a remarkable increase was found post‐transplantation. These findings indicate that part of the typical histological changes of unexposed aged skin are reversible.


This refrigerant oil is used together with difluoromethane (20) as a refrigerant, contains an ester chain-containing compound represented in expression (1), and is characterized by having an arrangement of atoms forming a triangular shape (T2) which hydrogen-bonds to a triangle shape (T1) formed from two negatively charged fluorine atoms (2002, 2004) and one positively charged hydrogen atom (2001) which configure the aforementioned difluoromethane (20).
R 0 (R 1 ) n ... formula (1)
(In expression (1), R 0 is an n-valent organic group, n is an integer 2 or greater, the R 1 s can be the same or different, and are monovalent organic groups containing an ester chain.).


The proposed intervention is to recreate a dignified public space for this district, which lacks integration spaces for both tourists and locals. The procedure is performed in the secondary path of Minca: Cerro Kenedy East,this road is the main route connecting with the only church in the area and the main football field. I propose a pedestrian walkway paved with stones to reinforce pedestrian character giving priority to the people of the town. It s also projected the union of outdoor commerce, so the actual stores can use the pedestrian pathway for commercial use and made it a cultural and gastronomic passage. In addition we encourage a tourism based in research on the species of the area and the culture surrounding of the biosphere reserve.


Social media platforms have become the primary means of communication and information sharing, facilitating interactive exchanges among users. Unfortunately, these platforms also witness the dissemination of inappropriate and toxic content, including hate speech and insults. While significant efforts have been made to classify toxic content in the English language, the same level of attention has not been given to Arabic texts. This study addresses this gap by constructing a standardized Arabic dataset specifically designed for toxic tweet classification. The dataset is annotated automatically using Google's Perspective API and the expertise of three native Arabic speakers and linguists. To evaluate the performance of different models, we conduct a series of experiments using seven models: long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM, a convolutional neural network, a gated recurrent unit (GRU), bidirectional GRU, multilingual bidirectional encoder representations from transformers, and AraBERT. Additionally, we employ word embedding techniques. Our experimental findings demonstrate that the fine-tuned AraBERT model surpasses the performance of other models, achieving an impressive accuracy of 0.9960. Notably, this accuracy value outperforms similar approaches reported in recent literature. This study represents a significant advancement in Arabic toxic tweet classification, shedding light on the importance of addressing toxicity in social media platforms while considering diverse languages and cultures.


In mobile networking, the main goal of mobility modeling and simulation is the ability to accurately reproduce effects of realistic mobility on the performance of networking protocols. In the areas of adhoc and delay tolerant networks (DTNs), recent work on mobility modeling focused on replicating metrics of encounter statistics and spatio-temporal preferences. No studies have been conducted, however, to show whether matching these metrics is sufficient to accurately reproduce DTN protocol performance. In this study, we address this specific problem, and attempt to show the sufficiency (or lack thereof) of existing encounter and mobility metrics in reproducing realistic effects of mobility on networking protocols. We first analyze the characteristics of two well-established mobility models; the random direction and the time-variant community (TVC) models, and study whether they capture encounter statistics and preference patterns observed in real-world traces. Second, we contrast the performance of epidemic routing in DTNs based on the mobility models, to that based on extensive mobility traces. We provide two main findings. First, careful parameterization of the models can indeed replicate the metrics in question (e.g., inter-encounter time distribution). Second, even carefully crafted mobility models surprisingly result in protocol performance that is dramatically different from the trace-driven performance. The difference in message delivery delays can reach 67%, while difference in reachability approaches 80%. Such findings strongly suggest the need to revisit mobility modeling. Furthermore, they clearly show the insufficiency of existing encounter and preference metrics as a measure of mobility model goodness. Systematically establishing a new set of meaningful mobility metrics should certainly be addressed in future works.


At a basic level Static Timing Analysis is a solved problem. There are multiple commercial tools in varying degrees of usage at the gate and transistor level. Static Timing Analysis has also been a key algorithm in various steps of the design flow. However there are still critical and interesting problems in STA that need to be solved to effectively and efficiently design the increasingly large chips which are being manufactured in ever decreasing feature sizes. Solving problems such as accurate modeling for hierarchical blocks from both timing model and timing constraint perspective, efficient pseudo path based analysis and advanced ideas in parallel processing will be proposed. This talk will focus in on these problems, discuss the tangible benefits to solving them, and challenge the participants to move STA as discussed to the next level.


Although tropical forest conservation should be a priority for human and environmental health, given the much discussed changes in climate, deforestation persists, mainly because of food and economic needs. No community will totally give up economic activities for the sake of ecological integrity, unless it is given alternative economic activities from which to draw its livelihood. Beekeeping in the forest buffer zone instead of traditional destructive honey-harvesting from forest trees is one such option at Arabuko Sokoke Forest (ASF) in Kenya. ASF is a dry coastal forest which is home to endangered and threatened fauna and is a biodiversity hotspot. In order to find out whether honey quantity and quality differed with distance from the forest, we studied honey yield per harvest (kg) and obtained samples from hives occurring at varying distances from ASF in two successive years. Honey yield increased with proximity to the forest. Indeed the yield almost doubled in hives placed less than 1 km from the forest compared to those placed more than 3 km from the forest. All the honey samples met internationally required quality standards, although sugar levels were at the lower limit. This study demonstrates that the conservation of tropical forest ecosystems can have real local economic benefits. The documentation of the services provided by nearby natural areas should help make conservation of these areas a priority, even for the local communities. © University of Pretoria


The utility model discloses a rear-wheel dual-drive type toy car, which comprises a toy car body and a real-wheel assembly arranged on the toy car body, wherein the rear-wheel assembly comprises a left driving wheel device and a right driving wheel device which can be independently driven. The left driving wheel device and the right driving wheel device can be independently driven, the rear-wheel dual-drive type toy car realizes the functions of straight line advancing and retreating, steering advancing and retreating, in-place rotating and the like by using the combination of synchronization or differentiation of a left motor and a right motor; and the left and the right driving wheel devices are arranged on joints of a horizontal part and a vertical part, so that the barycenters of the whole toy car is concentrated on the rear-wheel assembly, and the car head is in a pitching-up trend during sudden advancing, functions of standing running and the like are achieved, the toy car is played in multiple gestures, a player is prevented from generating a boring feel, more interests are provided for the player, and the rear-wheel dual-drive type toy car is highly interesting/achieves high entertainment; and the rear-wheel dual-drive type toy car is provided with a light-emitting body and a cartoon surface housing, thus the rear-wheel dual-drive type toy car has the advantages of increasing light effect, being attractive, vivid and interesting in appearance, increasing an active atmosphere, and further improving playability and interestingness of a toy.


A dissertation submitted to the Department of Food Science,
Nutrition and Technology in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the Degree of Master of Science in Applied
Human Nutrition in the University of Nairobi


It is proposed that the pulmonary fibrosis induced in mice by treatment with BHT and oxygen is a good experimental model for human pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanism of synergistic and additive effects of various agents on pulmonary injury and the epithelial mesenchymal interactions occurring during the early and late phases of lung repair could be studied. This model could be used for study of the effects of various concentrations of oxygen on diffusely damaged lung and assessment of the efficacy of drugs in preventing or resolving excessive collagen accumulation in lung. In addition, the relationship between pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema could be studied.


The industry trend to smaller feature sizes and device miniaturization is making the use of embedded passive devices more attractive. This paper describes a recent advance in the fabrication and use of an epoxy-glass fabric laminate for embedded capacitance applications. The key performance enhancements in the buried capacitance laminate are precise thickness tolerance, improved dimensional consistency, and reduced levels of electrical breakdown during hipot testing. The use of a square-weave glass fabric with tight resin content control yields a laminate with a very precise thickness and improved dimensional consistency. A laminate with reduced levels of dielectric breakdown during a 500V DC test (hipot test) can be fabricated using a carefully controlled manufacturing process. The enhanced square-weave glass fabric also exhibits excellent resistance to Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) growth during 1000 hour temperature/humidity aging under 100V DC bias.


The lack of access to a balanced diet, rich in vitamins and minerals, can predispose people to inflammatory diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between micronutrient intake, sociodemographic behavioral characteristics, and periodontal health in adults assisted by a public health care system. Participants (n = 450) answered a food frequency questionnaire and were submitted to anthropometric and oral clinical examinations. Principal component analysis was used to summarize the number of components emerging from 17-micronutrient intake. Subsequently, cluster analysis was employed. The prevalence of at least one periodontal pocket ≥ 4 mm was 67.4%. Three clusters were identified according to periodontal status. Cluster 1 "poor periodontal status" was characterized by older individuals (n = 202; 85% females) with poor periodontal status, lower education level, mainly smokers with non-transmissible chronic diseases (NTCD), with lower energy, omega-3, fiber, Zn, K, Cu, and vitamin C intake. Cluster 3 "healthy periodontal status" included younger individuals (n = 54) with the healthiest periodontal status, a higher education level, without NTCD, and with higher energy, omega-3, fiber, Zn, calcium, retinol, and riboflavin intake. Cluster 2 was labeled as "intermediate periodontal status". Micronutrient ingestion was associated with periodontal status and may be considered in health promotion actions for low-income populations.


In this paper, based on the relative logical storage cost of each movie by the difference of service request probability, we propose and implement the SDU(Separate Data Use) method and the EDU(Existing Data Use) method to provide FF(Fast Forward) and FR(Fast Reverse) function in efficiently through analysing MPEG bit stream and frame characteristics. By selecting and applying the FF/FR function providing method based on the service request probability of movie, the proposed method can reduce the cost of FF/FR functions for total serviced movies.


Paper has its own physical characteristic required for each type of paper grade. So it is necessary to treat the fibers in order to give the suitable physical characteristic to it for each type of paper in the stock preparation process.This process consists of the following steps : (1) Pulping (2) Refining (a kind of beating) (3) Mixing of stocks and (4) Addition of filler, dyes and chemicals etc., and refining is the most effective for improving the fiber guality. That means the refining is the main part in the stock preparation process because of settling the paper quality.Therefore, the people relative to the stock preparation system should do the best for refining.Refining is the process to prepare the stock for paper making and to make the stock suitable for the final product of paper by giving a machanical action to the stock, i. e. pulp, and has the effect on both paper quality and operating cost.As the paper machine has developed into higher speed and larger, because of satisfying the higher-productility and mass-production generation, the refiner (originated as beater) has developed into Double Disk Rifiner suitable for higher efficiency and mass-production.This article introduces the Double Disk Rifiner mainly used at present and explains about its design concept, operating mechanism and how to consider the refining technology including operating data.


Abstract In September 2002, the first observed austral major warming was mainly characterized by a polar vortex splitting in the middle and upper stratosphere together with an ozone hole splitting. From our synoptic investigation based on ECMWF analyses, we establish the hypothesis that lower tropospheric processes at polar latitudes are primary responsible for the vortex splitting. Over the coastline of Antarctica two regions occurred, one over the Ross shelf ice and the other over the Weddell shelf ice, where an enlarged tropospheric wave-activity generation in connection with an anticyclonic anomaly took place. The wave-activity flux was eastward and upward into the stratosphere, and was linked with an increasing ultra-long wave 2, which could be the primary reason for the vortex splitting in the stratosphere. In the troposphere, two Rossby wave trains have been identified which contribute mainly to the maintenance of the anticyclonic anomalies over both wave-activity generation regions.


When the local health department of Montgomery County, Maryland, was chosen to participate in Project Public Health Ready and was charged with the daunting task of providing a comprehensive emergency preparedness plan, training all 600 employees to carry out that plan, and conducting exercises to demonstrate the department's competency, it realized it couldn't do it alone. The department sought the assistance of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The first challenge for these unlikely partners, one a bastion of research and the other firmly immersed in the practice world of public health, was to figure out how to work together. This article describes the development of their partnership; outlines the preparedness plan, training, and exercises that resulted from the partnership; summarizes the challenges and benefits for each entity; and enumerates lessons learned that could be useful to other public health entities planning to undertake similar partnerships.


Research indicates that marriage has a large effect on reducing the risk of poverty and is associated with a higher probability of attaining affluence over the life course when compared with nonmarriage. Using data from the American Dream Demonstration (N = 2,364), this study compares savings performances of married and unmarried low-income participants in a matched savings program-individual Development Accounts. The results indicate that both married and unmarried low-income participants can save in Individual Development Accounts. After controlling for program and other participant characteristics, there were no significant differences in savings between married and unmarried participants. We further examined possible factors that are associated with Individual Development Account savings performance for these two groups. Key Words: assets, Individual Development Accounts, marital status, poverty, savings. Marriage has a large effect on reducing the risk of poverty. A number of studies have indicated that unmarried individuals are more likely to live in poverty than their married counterparts (Blank, 1997; White & Rogers, 2000). Compared with married couples, unmarried people also save much lower portions of their income and accumulate fewer assets, even after controlling for other demographic and socioeconomic factors. For example, median assets of married households is approximately three to four times larger than the other marital groups (Lupton & Smith, 2003). Similarly, married older couples have higher median incomes and net worth than older adults who are not married (Seigel, 1993). Studies that examine the effect of marital history on wealth accumulation find that individuals who remain married throughout the life course have significantly higher wealth than those who are not continuously married (Holden & Kuo, 1996; Wilmoth & Koso, 2002). Finally, marriage is associated with a higher probability of attaining affluence over the life course when compared with nonmarriage (Hirschl, Altobelli, & Rank, 2003). The limited accumulation of assets among unmarried families has been increasingly recognized as an important contributing factor to their high poverty rate. Lack of assets not only contributes to the low economic status of unmarried families but also restricts their economic mobility (Cho, 1999; Sherraden, 1991). In the last decade, the importance of assets and wealth accumulation as a development strategy is gaining ground in both academic and policy settings (Shapiro & Wolff, 2001; Sherraden). Theory and evidence indicate that accumulation of assets can promote economic and social development of individuals and families, which include personal well-being, economic security, family stability, and civic behavior (Scanlon & Page-Adams, 2001; Sherraden). Recently, a wide variety of public policies has been developed to promote asset ownership among low-income families. One such policy is the Individual Development Accounts. Individual Development Accounts are saving programs targeted to low-income people that provide incentives and an institutional structure for saving. Account holders receive matching funds as they save for assets that promote long-term well-being and financial self-sufficiency such as a home, postsecondary education, or a microenterprise. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare Individual Development Account savings performance and related factors of married and unmarried participants in Individual Development Account programs. As the first quantitative assessment of the savings patterns of married and unmarried low-income populations in a structured savings program, two main questions guide our analysis: (a) Is there a difference in Individual Development Account savings performances between married and unmarried participants? (b) What are the specific factors that are associated with Individual Development Account savings outcomes among these two groups? …


We consider the application of the supersymmetric quantum-mechanical formalism to the Schr\"odinger equation describing a particle characterized by a position-dependent effective mass $m(x).$ We show that any one-dimensional quantum system with effective mass has a supersymmetric partner system characterized by the same position dependence of the mass, but with a new potential function. The form of this supersymmetric partner potential ${V}_{2}(x)$ depends on both the form of the original potential ${V}_{1}(x)$ and the form of the mass x dependence. We also generalize the concept of shape invariance to the nonconstant mass scenario. As illustrative examples we provide, for a given form $m(x)$ of the effective mass, shape-invariant potentials exhibiting (a) harmonic-oscillator-like spectra and (b) Morse-like spectra. In both cases the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions can be obtained in algebraic fashion.


The migration of Japanese to the United States started in 1868 initially, but the number of immigrants increased substantially after 1891. In the decade of 1891 to 1900 about 27,400 entered the United States, but there was almost five fold increase to 132,000 during the next decade. The principal reason for this migration was the economic opportunities perceived in the United States (TS. Immigration Commission 1911). But, employment opportunities for the majority of immigrants were circumscribed by their lack of fluency with the English language, education levels, social factors, and the structure of the local economy. The objectives of this paper are (1) to trace some of the changes in the distribution of Japanese population between 1890 and 1940 in the State of Washington, and


The size distributions of populations of four semi-arid perennial trees were investigated within Kinchega National Park in western NSW. For Acacia ligulata, A, loderi and Alectryon oleifolius, it appears that regeneration has been eliminated or at best severely limited at most sites. Some regeneration has occurred through recruitment of vegetative suckers in Casuarina pauper. Currently these vegetative recruits have high survival rates under both rabbit and kangaroo grazing, although such grazing frequently reduces the height of vegetative suckers back to ground level. Survival of seedlings of Acacia ligulata was very limited, with highest survival when mammals were excluded. There was no survival of seedlings of Casuarina pauper in the presence of rabbits and survival was poor when rabbits were excluded. Many seedlings of both species die through desiccation. The survival data from seedlings and vegetative suckers reinforce the patterns observed in the size distribution of populations. Within Kinchega National Park, control of rabbits is essential to initiate regeneration. A reduction in the total grazing pressure (especially rabbits, sheep, cattle and goats) is necessary in critical dry periods on semi-arid and arid grazing land if regeneration of perennials is to be encouraged.


The work sought to analyze and discuss, from a predominantly quantitative approach, the repercussion caused by the use of social media in the life of students of a University located in the city of Araraquara (SP). After the bibliographic review on the subject, a field research was carried out with students who use social media such as Facebook, Twiter and Instagram, trying to identify the perceptions of users about benefits and damages due to the use. The study counted on the participation of 140 students of the Psychology course, 92 participants of the Biology course and 51 participants of the course of Computer Engineering. The students answered a questionnaire on the subject. The study found that most (95.76%) of the participants use social networks often and say that this does not lead to significant changes or implications in their lives. They present as benefits the use in order to reduce the physical distance, improving their interaction and communication, ease in the exchange and obtaining of information, mainly in the acquisition of knowledge, education and entertainment. As for the damages caused, they indicate excessive exposure of personal issues in daily life, dependence on the use of the Internet in carrying out its activities and alienation from concrete situations.


Research objective: The aim of the paper is the analysis of the impact of political participation on democratic system. The reference plane of the analysis is direct democracy (including its forms comprised in Polish constitution), in that its limits  and drawbacks. The research problem and methods: The research problem is considering the issue: Is any type of participation strengthening democratic system? The overall impact of participation on democracy according to contemporary theories of democracy is also taken into account in the analysis. The process of argumentation: Majority of theories of democracy assume that intensive participation results in better performance of political system. The practice of direct democracy proves however that citizens' decisions are very often based on erroneous premises. The competence of citizens who participate in democratic procedures is thus not less important than the level of participation. According to research results, both characteristics (quantity and quality of participation) are however divergent. Research results: Contemporary democracy faces the difficult choice. We can opt for lower level of participation, thus securing more competent political decisions but at the same time accepting the absence of many social groups in the process of interests' articulation. The other choice is the stimulation of high participation level, which implies the acceptance for the growing susceptibility for populism as well as the danger that irrational political options gain legitimacy. This dilemma seems to a great extent unresolvable. Conclusions, Innovations and Recommendations: The Stimulation of participation should be preceded by previous activity aimed at the increase of political knowledge of citizens as well as the forming of civic attitudes.


Famous Shi-gu Academy has long history.Governmental officials,scholars and students often held special meeting in Shi-gu Academy.The reasons for special meetings of Shi-gu Academy were excurse,dinner party,visiting,farewell bidding and so on.The relating literary writings were about beautiful scenes,excitement of party,respect to old scholars,and encouragement to young scholars or achievement of education.Shi-gu Academy attached great importance to moral education;there were moral teachings in Shi-gu literary writing.Shi-gu Academy became a representative for the academies in China.


The purposes of this research were (1) the learning outcomes on the aspects of mathematical connection ability of students on learning REACT model reached learning criterion, (2) the learning outcomes on aspects of mathematical connection ability among students on learning REACT model better than the students on learning Expository model, (3) there were differences in learning outcomes in aspects of mathematical connection ability between students who have learning styles of VAK and (4) there was interaction between learning model and student learning style to learning outcomes on aspects of students. This research type was quantitative with population of student of class X and selected two classes as sample. Data collection techniques were observation, interview, tests, questionnaires, and documentation. The results were (1) the ability of students mathematical connections on learning REACT model can fulfill the learning mastery individually and classically; (2) the average of students on mathematical connection aspect in learning of REACT model was better than the average of students on mathematical connection aspect in learning of Expository model; (3) there was a differences in the students ability on the mathematical connection aspects based on the learning style of VAK; (4) there was an interaction between the REACT learning model and the learning style of the students  on the mathematical aspects of connection.


The water aerobics is one kind of new sport in China and its influence has become bigger and bigger.By using the method of literature review,this paper sets forth the characteristics,merits and good prospect of the water aerobics in order to provide the exercise fans with a more safe and effective sport.


Constraints on the main cosmological parameters using cosmic microwave background (CMB) or large scale structure data are usually based on the power-law assumption of the primordial power spectrum (PPS). However, in the absence of a preferred model for the early Universe, this raises a concern that current cosmological parameter estimates are strongly prejudiced by the assumed power-law form of PPS. In this paper, for the first time, we perform cosmological parameter estimation allowing the free form of the primordial spectrum. This is in fact the most general approach to estimate cosmological parameters without assuming any particular form for the primordial spectrum. We use a direct reconstruction of the PPS for any point in the cosmological parameter space using the recently modified Richardson-Lucy algorithm; however, other alternative reconstruction methods could be used for this purpose as well. We use WMAP 9 year data in our analysis considering the CMB lensing effect, and we report, for the first time, that the flat spatial universe with no cosmological constant is ruled out by more than a 4σ confidence limit without assuming any particular form of the primordial spectrum. This would be probably the most robust indication for dark energy using CMB data alone. Our results on the estimated cosmological parameters show that higher values of the baryonic and matter density and a lower value of the Hubble parameter (in comparison to the estimated values by assuming power-law PPS) is preferred by the data. However, the estimated cosmological parameters by assuming a free form of the PPS have an overlap at 1σ confidence level with the estimated values assuming the power-law form of PPS.


This paper made a reliability analysis of one-unit repairable system based on the geometric process,and eventually arrived at the conclusion of some reliability quantity indices,such as the system's reliability,the Laplace transform of the system's availability and the average breakdown times during the period of 0 to t,and so forth.


Rebel groups frequently deploy resources as symbolic expressions of power. What purposes do they serve, particularly in regards to the civilian–rebel relationship? Contrary to analyses that treat such actions as merely rhetorical, I argue that symbolic processes can serve both instrumental and normative purposes for an insurgent government. Specifically, symbolic processes reduce the need for a rebellion to use force to ensure compliance. In addition, they may increase civilian identification with the rebel government, producing several distinct benefits. This chapter illustrates these arguments, drawing on cases from around the world. Insurrection is an art, and like all arts has its own laws.


Cordia alliodora (laurel) wood attractive appearance, its physical and mechanical characteristics, its abundant natural regeneration, as well as the contribution to carbon sequestration and soil protection, have made it an ideal species for reforestation. However, there is insufficient good quality planting material to meet these needs and to respond to the average annual demand. Hence, vegetative propagation has become an essential tool in breeding and it is being widely used for the conservation of genotypes in clonal banks. To this end, a methodology for laurel tree epicormic shoot induction and rooting, using plant growth regulators was established. Cytokinin concentrations used for induction of shoots from adult trees were 0, 3000, 6000, 9000 mg L-1 of BAP alone and combined with 1000, 2000, 3000 mg L-1 of IAA a Complete Randomized Design (DCA) with seven treatments and three repetitions, considering each tree as a repetition, was applied. The concentrations of auxin for rooting of shoots were 0, 1000, and 1500 mg kg-1 of NAA and IBA. A factorial arrangement DCA 3 x 3 (NAA x hormone IBA) with five repetitions and five units per repetition was used. After 105 days, the induction of epicormic shoots and epicormic buds response was evaluated 2.67 buds 16.42 cm long with 6000 mg kg-1 of BAP + 2000 mg kg-1 of IAA were obtained. At 45 days rooting percentage was 54%, the number of roots was 1.78, 2.49 length 2.59 and force with 1500 mg kg-1 of NAA + 1500 mg kg-1 of IBA. This research demonstrated that using cytokinins and auxins is effective in laurel epicormic shoots induction and rooting.


An antenna that has a capability to operate in the dual-band of frequency (3.88GHz and 9.99GHz) in the ultra wide band range is presented. A coplanar wave guide (CPW) feeding line and defective ground structure at both the ground layers are the key features of this antenna. The function of the square slot in the radiator element to get dual band resonance in the UWB range. These resonant frequencies can be re-tuned by tuning the dimensions of the slot that make the different operating bands in the designed antenna. A novelty of the designed antenna is able to propagate two channels in the UWB range. The defective ground structure is introduced to improve performance of the antenna at these frequencies.


ABSTRACT Combined strength training is performed with a combination of plyometric exercises and traditional strength exercises. This training method with different protocols (such as complex training or contrast training) is used to develop vertical jump performance in basketball. Combined strength training is based on the theory of PAP, and physiological changes in the nervous musculature allow for acute performance enhancement. Included and excluded studies were determined according to PICOS criteria. The search was performed on the electronic databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus between September 1-7, 2022. The effect of combined strength training on vertical jump performance in basketball was compared with different training methods and as a result, a moderate effect was found in favor of combined strength training (ES=1.11, (95%CI 0.63-1.60), I2= 82%). As a result of systematic review and meta-analysis, it has been found that combined strength training applied in different forms in basketball is superior to other training methods in improving vertical jump performance. On the other hand, there is no superiority between the combined strength training protocols. Athletic performance specialists may improve jump performance by combining plyometric and traditional strength exercises in the same training season.


The incidence of early-stage prostate cancer in men 50 years and older continued a decline reported earlier, with lower rates in 2013 compared to 2012. This is a likely result of the October 2011 recommendation from the USPSTF against routine PSA testing in all men.


Integrated process and device simulations were used to predict sub-45nm Strained-Si/Si0.8Ge0.2 device performance. Physically-based process models, generalized from Si to strained-Si and SiGe, describe dopant implantation and diffusion, including amorphization, defect interactions and evolution, as well as dopant-defect interactions. The models are used within a unique simulation tool to reproduce the electrical characteristics of Si/SiGe devices.


Objective To explore the clinical application in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP) for high-risk patients undergoing endoscopic duct stent placement.Methods The clinical data of 112 patients with high-risk PEP between January 2005 and June 2010 in this hospital were analyzed retrospectively.According to stents placement or not,112 patients were divided into stent placement group(n=52) treated by ERCP and stents placement and non-stent placement group(n=60) treated by ERCP without stent retaining.PEP was diagnosed according to Cotton standard,the incidence rate of PEP was compared between two groups and the high-risk influencing factors were analyzed.Results According to Cotton standard,there were only 3 patients(5.8%) diagnosed PEP in the stent placement group,all symptoms disappeared on 48 h after operation,without a diagnosis for severe acute pancreatitis.There were 9 patients(15.0%) diagnosed PEP in the non-stent placement group,and 2 patients were severe acute pancreatitis,The status was better undergoing fasting,aprotinin,anti-inflammatory,and enteral nutrition supporting treatment.The incidence of PEP was associated with younger women(age ≤45 years),Oddi sphincter dysfunction,and no dilation of bile duct(P0.05).Conclusion It can obviously reduce PEP occurrence in high-risk patients with stent placement.


A total number of 35 Male albino rats were obtained from El Osman Farm, Cairo, Egypt. Animals were housed in stainless steel cages and provided with food and water ad libitum. All animals were healthy and clinically free of diseases. Rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups, each group contained 7 rats and fed on one of the following diets: Group 1: Control diet, Group 2: Control diet + 1000ppm Aluminum, Group 3: Control diet+ 1000ppm+Garlic 5%, Group 4: Control diet+ 1000ppm + Nigella sativa 5%, Group 5: Control diet+ 1000ppm + Garlic 2.5 %+ Nigella sativa 2.5%. Blood samples were collected of each group after 30 and 60days from the beginning of the experiment. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min. and serum was separated and kept in frozen until subsequent analyses. And at the end of the experiment blood samples were collected too in EDTA tubes for Determination the hematological parameters. Finally, at the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed to obtain the livers, and kidneys for examination it. The results indicated that Aluminum has adverse effects on animal and human health. The present study demonstrated that medicinal plants (garlic and nigella) in combination with aluminum minimized its hazards. Consequently, the exposure to aluminum should be reduced and attention paid to sources of aluminum in foods, water and personal care products. Furthermore, using diets rich in medicinal plants (garlic and nigella) could be beneficial in alleviating aluminum toxicity.


This paper studies the kinetics of the sorption and desorption of hydrogen by alloys of the titanium-molybdenum system and the thermal stability of the hydride phases formed. Beds of the alloys were washed with gasoline and ethyl alcohol and placed in the reactor without crushing. According to the findings of x-ray analysis (Debye-Sherrer method, CuK /SUB alpha/ radiation), all alloys were single-phase and had the body-centered cubic structure of a beta-solid solution. It was found that repeated sorption-desorption processes are required for obtaining equilibrium saturation of alloys of the Ti-Mo system with hydrogen. The amount of absorbed hydrogen at the pressure of 0.1 MPa and the temperature of its liberation when the hydride of the alloy is heated in a vacuum decrease with an increase in the cncentration of molybdenum in the alloy.


Chemicals from the venom gland elicited alarm behaviour and attack in the Asian polistine wasp Polybioides raphigastra. When presented with crushed venom glands workers of this wasp respond with a mass stinging attack. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses show that the major volatiles in the venom gland are alkanes, monounsaturated alkenes and 2‐alcohols. Several pyrazines, a spiroacetal and aromatics were also identified as trace compounds. The anatomy and morphology of the sting apparatus are reported, and we describe sting autotomy in this wasp. This is the first such report for the Ropalidiinae. The structures responsible for autotomy are likely to be large barbs present on the sting lancets, and a conspicuous tooth present on the medial side of the left lancet. Sting autotomy in P. raphigastra probably plays an important role in the localization of sites of attack by wasps defending the nest.


Dependence of photovoltage on photon energy of incident light was investigated on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 [CIGS] solar cells by photo-assisted Kelvin probe force microscopy (P-KFM). As a result, we found that the photovoltage gradually increased as an increase of photon energy when the excess energy from the minimum bandgap was small, while the photovoltage began to decrease when the photon energy exceeded the bandgap energy by a certain value. The relationship between such features and V-shaped band grading in CIGS was discussed in comparison with some numerical simulations.


Reports a simple and efficient method to detect the QRS-segment in ECG signals. The method suggested by the authors is implemented in two steps. Step I involves the detection of R-peaks which is accomplished after three main operations: bandpass filtering, 3-sample area estimation and M-sample window averaging with thresholding. While the bandpass filtering suppresses the noise, the 3-sample area estimation enhances the the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and hence the detectability of R-peaks. Finally, the M-sample window averaging smooths the R-peak envelopes. The thresholding pinpoints the R-peaks. After R-peaks are detected their location is confirmed in Step II which also marks the location of the Q and S points, resulting in determination of the respective QRS-segments.


Fluorescence line narrowing spectroscopy is a low temperature solid state technique for eliminating site inhomogeneous broadening. Rotationally cooled fluorescence is a gas phase technique for eliminating thermal and rotational broadening. The principles of the two techniques and an evaluation of their sensitivity and selectivity in analytical applications is presented.


DNA repair is central to normal cellular functions, and polymorphisms of DNA repair genes may cause variation in DNA repair capacity in the general population. Newly identified polymorphisms of xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC), one of the nucleotide excision repair genes, were shown to contribute to genetic susceptibility to cancer. In this study, we hypothesized that 2 exonic variants C499T and A939C and their haplotypes in XPC are associated with lung cancer risk. To test this hypothesis, we performed a case‐control study of 320 histologically confirmed lung cancer patients and 322 age and sex frequency‐matched cancer‐free controls in a Chinese population. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the risks [adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] associated with the XPC variant genotypes were 1.57 (95% CI = 1.13–2.19) for 499CT/TT and 1.21 (95% CI = 0.87–1.69) for 939AC/CC compared with the 499CC and 939AA wild‐type homozygotes, respectively. Individuals with both putative risk genotypes (499CT/TT and 939AC/CC) had a greater risk of lung cancer (adjusted OR = 2.37; 95% CI = 1.33–4.21) compared with individuals with both wild‐type genotypes (499CC and 939AA). When we performed the haplotype analysis and assumed the XPC 499T and 939C as risk alleles, the adjusted ORs increased as the number of variants in the haplotype genotypes increased (ptrend < 0.001). In the stratified analysis, the greatest risk was found in smokers having the combined variant genotypes (adjusted OR = 7.36; 95% CI = 3.19–17.00) compared with nonsmokers having both wild‐type genotypes and in smokers with 2 or 3 haplotype variants (adjusted OR = 7.27; 95% CI = 3.37–15.68) compared with nonsmokers having 0 haplotype variant. These findings indicate that XPC exonic variants may contribute to the risk of lung cancer in the Chinese population, and these variant genotypes may modulate the risk of lung cancer associated with smoking. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This chapter reports the details of the existing system of MSW management and characterization of Muzaffarnagar City located in Western Uttar Pradesh (UP) state in India. The overall waste generated in the city is about 120-125 tons per day (TPD) with a per capita generation rate of 0.415 kg/person/day with a collection efficiency of 70-80%. Physico-chemical and geotechnical properties of the MSW were carried out to determine its overall characteristics. The characterization results showed about 46% of the waste generated in the city is organic nature (from HIG and MIG) and 52% for (LIG) with chemical characterization showing that the elemental carbon was in the highest proportion. Further, the chapter also recommends suitable remedial measures for proper management of the existing MSW management system and suitable treatment alternatives. A Framework for Assessment of Existing Solid Waste Management Practices and Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in Muzzafarnagar City, India


The paper discuss that in the "Industrial Design Development Mod Centered Customers" we use the thought of people first to design dummy in terms of user and developer. And we also use industrial design method to manufacture and propagandize vehicle crash test dummy. Thus, it can make design, manufacture and market three fields related each other and accelerate the commercial pace of dummy.


A computer vision-based system which can automatically monitor the behavioral response of fish shoal was introduced. Behavioral indexes such as average swimming velocity,average swimming attitude,average distances and average turning frequency were extracted from captured images series. The result of the sudden pollution experiment showed that the behavioral response of fish to water quality could serve as an early warning to water pollution. The system could be applied for real time monitoring and early warning of accidental pollution in water bodies in some key areas.


Geophysical prospecting techniques have been extensively applied in exploration for Carlin-type and intrusion-related gold deposits in the North-central Great Basin. Physical property contrasts are generally very subtle between unaltered rocks and rocks which have undergone alteration associated with mineralization. Therefore, direct detection of these target types using geophysics is challenging. Similarly, no systematic geophysical exploration approach exists in the Great Basin as the physical properties of host rocks are themselves highly variable. Comprehensive physical property studies characterizing host rocks and the structural, hydrothermal, and metamorphic events which overprint them can determine which, if any, geophysical methods will be effective. These studies, coupled with a strong understanding of geological controls on mineralization, will ensure the effective application of geophysics in an exploration program. Recent advances in geophysics have played a major part in more accurately identifying alteration and structure associated with large gold occurrences. Detailed airborne magnetic data, coupled with advanced processing and inversion tools, has allowed explorers to better integrate magnetic data with geologic interpretations. Detailed gravity continues to be implemented at early stages in Great Basin exploration programs, where high-resolution (100 m station spacing) gravity acquisition on outcrop renews interest in this old method. For covered projects, detailed gravity gives insight to bedrock structure. High-resolution reflection seismic, or hardrock seismic, is especially suited to imaging low-angle structural architecture commonly associated with Carlin-type mineralization. Electrical methods for exploration of Carlin-type and intrusion-related gold deposits have seen greater application through advancements in acquisition technologies, particularly distributed array systems. These methods, however, have had limited impact due to geologic features contributing to chargeability/resistivity anomalies that are unrelated to mineralization. Geophysical survey methods will play an increasingly important role in understanding geologic controls and targeting mineralized systems as near-surface exploration opportunities become harder to find. Advancements in technologies such as distributed array electrical methods, 3D seismic and airborne gravity will potentially bring about a step change in their application to exploration programs. The development of tools that assist with planning, processing and inversion of new survey types incorporating a-priori geological and physical property data into a 3D model is a focus for the future.


An underwater missile homing system, comprising: two pairs of test thermocouple (TC) junctions, means for mounting one pair of TC junctions on the missile so that they extend laterally therefrom in opposite directions, and means for mounting the other pair of TC junstions on the missile so that they extend vertically therefrom in opposite directions. Guidance means are provided on the missile for guiding the missile in a horizontal direction and in a vertical direction. Means are also provided responsive to signals obtained from the TC junctions for controlling the guidance means, whereby said missile will home in on a sea-going vehicle, in azimuth and elevation, which emits heat in its wake.


We achieved the first penalty-free 40 Gb/s transmission at 1064 nm over a 6 km-long, low loss PCF. A negative power penalty was achieved by using the pre-chirp technique with a Z-cut LN modulator


A relationship between the mobility and diffusivity of semiconductors exhibiting bandgap narrowing has been presented. The relationship is general and applicable to both non-degenerate and degenerate semiconductors under an applied bias. It is suitable for the investigation of the electrical transport in heavily doped semiconductors.


Industrialization is the course of throughput and effciency improvement,with the characteristics of automation and socialization.The course is dynamic and stepwise. With a view to industrialization development particularily and economic actuality in western areas,the author considers that the west,as a whole,is at the first stage of industrialization,or at the special stage,which is between the end of creating codition for economic development and the beginning of economic development.


Previous laboratory studies in species of the Laminariales have revealed that both the onset of growth in early winter and the summer drop in growth rate are controlled by the annual course of daylength synchronizing endogenous, circannual clocks within the thallus. Moreover, it is known for some laminarian species that cultivation in the laboratory in constant short days (SD) leads to arhythmic, continuous growth activity of the blade throughout the year. Such a prolonged SD treatment has now been performed for the first time in outdoor-cultivated Laminaria digitata. Field-grown sporophytes were collected in May from the sea near Helgoland (North Sea) and cultivated on the island of Sylt (North Sea) in temperature-controlled outdoor tanks (300 l) at 10°C for 1·5 years either in a constant 8 h of light per day, controlled by an automatic blind on top of the tank, or in ambient daylengths. In constant SD, the growth rate remained at a steady-state level of approximately 0·4 cm day−1 from the end of June until mid-October, whereas growth rate in ambient daylengths declined steadily after June to half the rate in SD in October. Growth became light-limited between October and February in both treatments and, in the second year from July onwards, higher growth rates were again observed in constant SD than in ambient daylengths. Further work is required to find out whether SD treatment in summer would also prevent the summer drop in growth rate in other perennial seaweed species, e.g. commercially valuable red algae. This would potentially increase the chance of more constant biomass production throughout the year, and decrease the danger of the cultivated perennial algae being overgrown by annual epiphytes in summer.


The purpose of this research: 1) explaining the effect of brand equity that consists of brand awarness, quality perception, brand association, and brand loyalty on the BotleSosro Tea (BST ), and (2) explaining purchasing loyalty that shoul be managed at retail level. Sample was chosen from regular students at Jambi University that purchase BST everyday . Based on research results, brand awarness (X 1 ), quality perception (X 2 ), brand association (X 3 ), and brand loyalty (X 4 ) simultaneously infulen c ed significantly on purchase loyalty, it shows by F 25,7%. Furhermore, partially the effect of X 1 , X 2 , dan X 4 are significant, otherwise the influence of X 3 is not significant. This finding indicates that 25, 7 percent that could be explained by the predictor ant others 74, 3, % is exlained by other predictors. Hence, purchusening loyaltiy should be managed rigorously to make customer be more aware about the TBS brand. Keywords: brand awarness, quality perception, brand association, and brand loyalty , purchase loyalty, Botle Sosro Tea Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE


A new and efficient Spatially variant mixture multiscale autoregressive (SVMMAR) model is presented for unsupervised segmentation of Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Unlike previously proposed Bayesian segmentation approaches based on mixture model, which have used a single-resolution representation of the observed image, the proposed model can be used for the pyramid representation of SAR imagery. So, it is capable of not only describing spatially variant characteristics and complexity, but also characterizing and exploiting multiscale stochastic structure inherent in SAR imagery due to radar speckle. The estimation of parameters of the model is easily performed via Least square (LS) estimation and Expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Then, the proposed algorithm yields maximum likelihood estimates of the labels themselves and results in unambiguous pixel labels. Moreover, a kind of method for selecting number of classes at a coarser scale is proposed, which reduced computation amount greatly. The advantage of our proposed segmentation approach is that it is not only fast, able to automatically estimate all the model parameters, and easy to implement, but also obviates the need for an explicit labeling rule and speckle reduction preprocessing before segmentation. Therefore, the model can be exploited for SAR Automatic target recognition (ATR). All of that are demonstrated by the experimental results.


Background The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) maintains homeostasis in eukaryotic cells by degrading and recycling proteins associated with DNA transcription and cell cycle regulation. In tumor cells with a high protein turnover rate, particularly in immunoglobulin secreting cancers such as Waldenstroms Macroglobulinemia (WM), proteasomes are critical for sustained cell proliferation. Proteasome inhibitors (PI) such as bortezomib and carfilzomib target the B5 subunit of the proteasome catalytic core and disrupt its activity leading to accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins. Although highly effective in WM, persistent use of bortezomib eventually leads to emergence of a bortezomib resistant (BR) subclone. Point mutation in the PSMB5 gene (encoding the B5 subunit) leading to altered binding kinetics is identified as a potential underlying mechanism of PI resistance. Despite these adaptive modifications that support resistance to PI resistance, the UPS as a whole remains a relevant target with vulnerable sites that can be therapeutically exploited. The 19S cap of the proteasome contains deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBS) that function to deubiquitinate proteins prior to their entry into the proteasomal core. Using a novel DUB-inhibitor b-AP15, which blocks the UCHL5 and USP14 DUBS, D'Arcy et al demonstrated that disruption of these DUBS does not alter proteasomal activity yet induces robust tumor cell death in various cancers.

Aim Investigation of b-AP15 in preclinical models of BR WM and characterization of associated downstream signaling interactions.

Methods For these studies, we developed and used BR variants of the most commonly used WM cell lines (variants termed BCWM.1/BR, RPCI-WM1/BR and MWCL-1/BR). Proteasomal activity was measured in these cells using synthetic fluorogenic peptide substrates and apoptosis was measured by annexin-v/PI staining. For gene expression profiling (GEP), the Nanostring nCounter mRNA quantification assay was utilized.

Results We treated all BR WM clones with either single agent bortezomib (10nM), carfilzomib (10nM), b-AP15 (100nM) or all three agents in combination and assessed their effect on chymotrypsin-like, caspase-like and trypsin-like proteasomal activity. b-AP15, either alone or in combination with the other PI, did not alter proteasomal activity, nor did it abrogate the inhibition of chymotrypsin-like activity of other PI. Although proteasomal activity was not disrupted, we observed an increase in high molecular weight ubiquitinated proteins on immunoblot analysis. We hypothesized that despite the BR cells resistance to B5-targeting PI, they would remain sensitive to UPS inhibition if targeted through DUB inhibition. We treated BR cells with b-AP15 at concentrations ranging from 50nM - 1.25uM and observed that b-AP15 induced robust WM cell death in a dose and time dependent manner. Apoptosis was more pronounced in MWCL-1/BR cells and optimal cell death (55%) was observed at 500nM; however a commitment towards cellular demise was evident by PARP-1 and caspase cleavage as early as 3 hrs. Use of a pan-caspase inhibitor resulted in rescuing of the BR WM cells from b-AP15 mediated death and demonstrated a caspase-dependent death process. In order to gain further mechanistic insight into the processes that regulates response to b-AP15, we performed GEP and immunoblot of BR WM cells treated with 50nM of b-AP15. We observed an increase in phospho-p38 protein, which belongs to the MAPK family and regulates IL8 secretion. When BR WM cells were treated with a p38 inhibitor in combination with b-AP15, a significant decrease in cell viability was noted relative to b-AP15 (100nM) alone. Furthermore, GEP and network analysis identified key regulator genes associated with p53, cell cycle and MAPK signaling.

Summary We provide first evidence that inhibition of the DUBS, UCHL5 and USP14 with b-AP15 results in caspase-dependent apoptosis of BR WM cells. Our investigation uncovers important molecular interactions that may dictate the BR cells responsiveness to DUB-inhibition by b-AP15. These observations validate the pervasive role of the UPS and confirm alternate therapeutics targets using our unique BR WM models.

We are grateful to the Waterfall Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Research Fund, the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society and the International Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Foundation for their continued support.

Disclosures: Martin: Teva: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau.


The authors conducted an analysis of technological lines operation in the Russian regions. They reasoned the relevance of scientific research on the development and design of technological lines using modular equipment for the humic and complex fertilizers production. A technical problem unresolved from a scientific point of view was revealed – the lack of industrial production of specialized equipment for humic fertilizers obtained on the basis of deep processing of organic raw materials. ( Research purpose ) To determine the optimal composition of modular equipment using digital technologies for the design of industrial processing lines for the organic raw materials processing (peat, sapropel, brown coal and biohumus) based on the technical specifications of the customer and the results of the experimental production lines. ( Materials and methods ) The authors studied the efficiency of the technological lines based on their technical capabilities. They studied the practical results of checking the dependence of the obtained products quality on the parameters and operating modes of individual units and assemblies. They used well-known private methods developed on their basis. ( Results and discussion ) The authors revealed some technical and technological deviations in the equipment operation: low level of organic raw materials purification when the vibratory separator was 85-90 percent, insufficient power of the disassembler – 3.5 kilowatts; fertilizers dispersion after the reactor exceeded 140 micrometers; the content of the ballast after filtration – 5-8 percent; the level of humic salts was low – from 5 to 10 grams per liter; trace element dosing system was not perfect. The authors suggested continuing the search for technical solutions for production without ballast humates using modular equipment. They identified the need to increase the productivity of technological lines from 1 to 2.5 tons per shift. ( Conclusions ) Based on practical experience in modernizing production lines, the authors suggested optimizing the composition of modular equipment purchased in the market for engineering products. They determined the basic principles of the modular design of technological lines that allowed using the Internet portal to increase production efficiency and obtain a product of demanded quality.


Abstract By combining the microemulsion polymerization with UV direct initiation, an efficient polymerization method was developed due to its advantages in terms of high polymerization rate and conversion, lower polymerization temperature, high purity polymer. To be more specific, in the absence of initiator and under UV direct radiation, the polymerizations of MMA/Water/emulsifier microemulsion system were successfully accomplished at low temperature (26 ∼ 35°C) and PMMA nanolatex with the average diameter of 9.5 nm and narrow diameter distribution was obtained. The effects of UV intensity, monomer concentration, emulsifier concentration and temperature on polymerization rate and intrinsic viscosity of polymer were researched. The apparent activation energy of the reaction and polymerization kinetics of Rp are obtained as the following: Rp∝[IUV] 1.25[M]1.04[E]−2.57, Ea=14.45KJ/mol.