In the literature, anisotropy-invariant maps are being proposed to represent a domain within which all realizable Reynolds stress invariants must lie. It is shown that the representation proposed by Lumley and Newman has disadvantages owing to the fact that the anisotropy invariants (II, III) are nonlinear functions of stresses. In the current work, it is proposed to use an equivalent linear representation of the anisotropy invariants in terms of eigenvalues. A novel barycentric map, based on the convex combination of scalar metrics dependent on eigenvalues, is proposed to provide a non-distorted visual representation of anisotropy in turbulent quantities. This barycentric map provides the possibility of viewing the Reynolds stress and any anisotropic stress tensor. Additionally the barycentric map provides the possibility of quantifying the weighting for any point inside it in terms of the limiting states (one component, two component, three component). The mathematical basis for the barycentric map is derived using the spectral decomposition theorem for second-order tensors. In this way, an analytical proof is provided that All turbulence lies along the boundaries or inside the barycentric map. It is proved that the barycentric map and the anisotropy-invariant maps are one to one uniquely interdependent and as a result satisfy the requirement of realizability.


ABSTRACT NEGOTIATING SKILLS FOR MANAGERS. Steven Cohen. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002, 200 pp. $19.95, paper [ISBN: 0-07-138757-9]. Reviewed by Claude Cellich.


Sarah Ferguson on the Rudd Gillard Rudd instability she's documented in The Killing Season, and Sam Crosby on why trust is rust when it comes to politics.


Purpose: To examine whether an advanced gradient pre-emphasis approach based on the gradient system transfer function (GSTF) can mitigate artifacts caused by residual unbalanced gradients in Cartesian balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging with non-linear line-ordering. Theory and Methods: We implemented a gradient pre-emphasis based on the GSTF for bSSFP sequences with linear, centric and quasi-random ordering of the phase-encoding steps. Signal-, noise- and artifact levels were determined in phantom experiments. Furthermore, we simulated the phase accumulating in every TR interval of a Cartesian bSSFP sequence for the three different line-ordering schemes. Results: The simulations showed that the phase contribution arising from residual unbalanced phase-encoding gradients are the principal cause of steady-state disruptions in our sequence. In the phantom experiments, the GSTF-based gradient pre-emphasis approach reduced the artifact level in bSSFP images with non-linear line-ordering considerably. Compared to the linearly ordered measurement, the relative artifact intensity difference dropped by up to 89 %. Conclusion: A GSTF-based pre-emphasis approach can successfully mitigate residual unbalanced gradient artifacts in bSSFP imaging with non-linear line-ordering.


The author describes a case of profound peritonsillitis with crossed thrombosis of the jugular vein and discusses the therapeutic possibilities of the case.


Modulating the interfacial charge alignments by molecular engineering in an organic heterojunction device is a smart strategy to improve its conductivity, which can be exploited in high‐performance gas‐sensor development. Herein, the fabrication of new organic heterojunction devices based on porphyrin tapes and phthalocyanines and their potentiality in ammonia sensing at different relative humidity (rh) are investigated. The devices are built using dry approach relying on oxidative chemical vapor deposition for simultaneous synthesis, doping, and deposition of the porphyrin tape layer and physical vapor deposition of phthalocyanine layer. The association of the porphyrin tapes with copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) or its perfluorinated analogue (Cu(F16Pc)) in a bilayer device configuration reveals a nonlinear current–voltage characteristic, assigned to the formation of organic heterojunction at the bilayer interface. Cu(F16Pc)‐based devices reveal higher response, faster sorption kinetics, stable baseline, and less interference from rh fluctuations toward ammonia than CuPc‐based devices, which are attributed to more conducting interface in the former. Moreover, depending on the porphyrin tape associated, Cu(F16Pc)‐based devices exhibit sensitivity values 6.7 or 0.4% ppm−1 and detection limit of 1 ppm or 228 ppb allowing to obtain among the best NH3 sensors reported.


Objective To compare the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) of different ages after noncardiac operation with general anesthesia and analyze the relative risk factors of the occurrence of POCD. Methods 90 inpatients were divided into 3 age groups, 30 patients in each group. Group1 was young group, aged from 20 to 44 years old; group 2 was middleaged group, aged from 45 to 59 years old and group 3, the elderly group, aged 60 years or older. All the patients were asked to finish the neuropsychological questionnaire test, which including MMSE, DSPT, DSYT, TMT, SSMT, preoperatively, 24h after the operation and 1 week after the operation respectively. The results of tests after the operation were compared with those before operation, more than 2 standard deviations were meaningful, and if a patient had more than 2 meaningful items in all the tests, then he or she would be diagnosed with POCD. Results The incidence of POCD of the three groups was 13.3%, 23.3% and 36.7% respectively 24h after the operation, and one week after the operation the incidence was respectively 6.7%, 10% and 13.3%. The data of the three groups were compared and P0.05; ASA was the risk factor of the occurrence of POCD 24h after the operation, while ASA grading and hypoxemia were the risk factors of the occurrence of POCD one week after the operation. Conclusion The old age group patients had higher morbidity of POCD post-operation than that of other two groups, but with no statistically significant difference. ASA was the risk factor of the occurrence of POCD 24h postoperation, while ASA grading and hypoxemia were the risk factors of the occurrence of POCD one week postoperation.


The present study was designed to determine the levels of aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) and its seasonal variation in bulk tank cow milk collected from dairy farms located on the Italian island of Sardinia. Cow bulk tank milk samples (No 356) were collected from 178 farms twice a year, during the winter and summer seasons. All samples were analysed for AFM 1 with a commercial ELISA kit. Confirmation of AFM 1 positive samples (>10 ng L -1 ) was accomplished by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a prior clean-up step using immunoaffinity columns. AFM 1 was found at levels ≥5 ng L -1 in 112 samples (31.5%) but only one exceeded the maximum EC level (50 ng L -1 ). There was no seasonal influence on the aflatoxin content of the milk samples analysed.


Abstract Purpose: Transgender individuals are medically underserved in the United States and face many documented disparities in care due to providers' lack of education, training, and comfort. We have previously demonstrated that specific transgender medicine content in a medical school curriculum increases students' willingness to treat transgender patients. However, we have also identified that those same students are less comfortable with transgender care relative to care for lesbian, gay, and bisexual patients. We aimed to demonstrate that clinical exposure to care for transgender patients would help close this gap. Methods: At Boston University School of Medicine, we piloted a transgender medicine elective where students rotate on services that provide clinical care for transgender individuals. Pre- and postsurveys were administered to students who participated in the elective. Results: After completing the elective, students who reported "high" comfort increased from 45% (9/20) to 80% (16/20) (p=0.04), and students who reported "high" knowledge regarding management of transgender patients increased from 0% (0/20) to 85% (17/20) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Although integrating evidence-based, transgender-specific content into medical curricula improves student knowledge and comfort with transgender medical care, gaps remain. Clinical exposure to transgender medicine during clinical years can contribute to closing that gap and improving access to care for transgender individuals.


With thousands of years of history, China has many historical features and artifacts, such as the Ancient City Wall of Nanjing. It was built in 1366 and becomes the life imprint of this city owing to its unique shape and sophisticated workmanship. Scholars, government officials, planners, designers, and citizen are interested in considering ideas and alternatives in the use and protection of this wall. Some peoples suggest that the complete location and position of the wall should be replicated. Such proposals may generate traffic congestion points at the old city gate. And more thought needs to be put forth concerning the land-use and design of a reconstructed wall with existing buildings and land-uses. In addition the city wall should become eternal cultural symbols and spiritual memory and be considered as an educational tool, woven into the modern culture of the people in Nanjing. Key-words: Ancient City Wall; Nanjing; Protection, Reconstruct; Land-use; Memory A city writes its history everyday. Today's new construction is tomorrow's history. Future people see today just as today's people see yesterday. Culture always continues and the city contains untapped quantities. ——Wu Liangyong [1]. 1 The puzzle of present restoration for ancient city wall of Nanjing Great ancient city wall is one of the most important symbols of Nanjing and an important component of historical culture city, and it is also the important embodiment of ancient capital style. From 2004, government of Nanjing establishes a special headquarters and a total sum of 1,660 million Yuan to repair the remains of ancient city wall, hoping to connect it as a whole like an "emerald necklace" surrounding the ancient capital and make good preparations for world culture heritage's application. Obviously, to protect the ancient historical and cultural relics is a beneficial thing. But the key point is if there is something wrong with the protection purpose and operation methods in protecting the ancient wall? Take a look at the several sections of the ancient walls which have been repaired, we see many problems coming along with the reconstruction and restoration. 1.1 The pressure of traffic Take the Biaoying Gate for example, the reconstruction of which was just finished. The disconnected city walls which stood apart on either side of the east-west road now have been connected together. To some extent, it depresses the sight of landscape space and makes the limited road space more cramped. After the ancient city wall reconstructed, all vehicles pass the wall under the Recent Researches in Energy, Environment and Landscape Architecture ISBN: 978-1-61804-052-7 140 gate and make traffic congestion more problematic. Traffic jam always occurs, especially in the rush hour, and the road becomes a huge parking place. (Fig.1) Similar situation also occurs in Wuding Gate located in south of Nanjing. The reconstructed city wall cuts off the smooth traffic, and increases the pressure of traffic directly. 1.2 Image of inter-face There are great differences between the new and ancient city walls either in the color and shape of brick or in construction technology. People can obviously discover the trace of inter-face and regard it as 'sham antique'. (Fig.2) Will we reconstruct heritage or just "connect channel"? History would never come back, and destroyed culture heritage could never be copied. If the new and ancient, the history and the modern must be connected together, we shall simply see a 'nondescript' at last. 1.3 Broken from surrounding environment The city wall of Zhonghua Gate in south of Nanjing has been repaired already, but in the west area of this gate, an old and shabby residence could be found easily. People live here for generations, and their lives have integrated with the ancient city wall. However, the word of "Demolition" has been printed on the broken wall many times, which shows this historical area shall not exist in the near future. How to maintain the relationship between the city wall and people? How to continue historical culture which has existed for hundreds of years? Although it is considerable in scales of Nanjing ancient city wall, it is a little bit far away from the current lives of ordinary people. Only focusing in the protection but no creation will not meet the demand of development of human beings. The criteria of social appraisal is whether it is benefit to development and useful to people's life in future in spite of earning good reputation simply. In this case, although the city wall has been saved in form, there is not any combination with creation with inheriting in modern life and the idea of green life at all. Without the replying of fresh material, the spirit connotation of ancient city wall is disappeared gradually. In spite of the great scale or structural integrity, the ancient city wall is just a worthless building at all. Fig.1 Reconstructed city wall cuts off the city's traffic ©copyright2010 Chen Rong, all rights reserved used


The Matrix Product method (MPM) has been used in the past to generate variational ansatzs of the ground state (GS) of spin chains and ladders. In this paper we apply the MPM to study the GS of conjugated polymers in the valence bond basis, exploiting the charge and spin conservation as well as the electron-hole and spin-parity symmetries. We employ the $U-V-\delta$ Hamiltonian which is a simplified version of the PPP Hamiltonian. For several coupling constants $U$ and $V$ and dimerizations $\delta$ we compute the GS energy per monomer which agrees within a $2%-4%$ accuracy with the DMRG results. We also show the evolution of the MP-variational parameters in the weak and strong dimerization regimes.


Jurassic rocks of the External and Internal Zones of the Betic Cordillera are widespread in the province of Murcia. Four areas are considered of special interest for stratigraphical and paleontological analysis: a) Sierra Quipar and b) Sierras Lugar-Corque (External Subbetic), c) Sierra Ricote (Median Subbetic) and d) Sierra Espuna (Malaguide Complex). The first two contain Jurassic sections including Sinemurian-Tithonian deposits, and major stratigraphic discontinuities, containing significant cephalopod concentrations of taphonomic and taxonomic interest, occuring in the Lower-Upper Pliensbachian, Lower/Middle Jurassic and Middle/Upper Jurassic boundaries. These areas are also relevant for biostratigraphical analysis of the Middle-Upper Jurassic interval. In the Sierra de Ricote, the Mahoma section is of especial interest for the study of Lias/Dogger transition. Casa Chimeneas section constitutes the best Subbetic site for the analysis of the Lower/Upper Bajocian boundary. In the La Bermeja-Casas de Vite area, the Bajocian-Tithonian interval is well-represented, including a parastratotype of the Radiolarite Jarropa Formation. Finally, the Malvariche section in Sierra Espuna represents the best Jurassic succession of Internal Zones of the Betic Cordillera and could be considered as a reference section for this Betic Domain. In this paper a heritage evaluation has been carried out for these classical jurassic sections with the object of protecting these sites according to the legal framework prevailing in the province of Murcia.


Aiming at the development of solar light monitoring system in China, and combining Zigbee and GPRS technology, a monitoring system for solar light has been designed and realized in this paper. The system is mainly composed of four parts: road lamp control unit, ZigBee module, GPRS module, and monitoring and managing software. The street light unit is applied to collect state information, ZigBee module to realize wireless assembling and gather state information to the central node, GPRS module to transmit remote state information to the monitoring and managing computer. The monitoring and managing software provides man-machine management interface finally. Due to its advantages of low cost, high efficiency and intellectualization, the system will be put into use this year as soon as possible.


OFDM transmitting apparatus and OFDM receiving apparatus includes N (N is an integer of 2 or greater) number of signals on the control symbol and a plurality of lead receiving the data symbols, and the guard interval period of time axis in the respective control symbols are for example the effective symbol period of the time axis at least a portion of the signal by another control symbol and a different frequency shift amount to the frequency shift signal or the effective frequency of the other control signals of the symbol and another position or duration of the signal on the symbol interval time axis of a predetermined amount of the frequency shift shift on equal to the signal.


The synthesis of metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanocomposites with high energy density and excellent mechanical strength is limited by the degree of lattice matching and crystal surface structure. In this study, dodecahedral ZIF‐67 is synthesized uniformly on vanadium pentoxide nanowires. The influence of the coordination mode on the surface of ZIF‐67 in ethanol is also investigated. Benefitting from the different coordination abilities of Ni2+, Co2+, and N atoms, spatially separated surface‐active sites are created through metal‐ion exchange. Furthermore, the incompatibility between the d8 electronic configuration of Ni2+ and the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of ZIF‐67 afforded the synthesis of hollow structures by controlling the amount of Ni doping. The formation of NiCo‐MOF@CoOOH@V2O5 nanocomposites is confirmed using X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis. The high performance of the obtained composite is illustrated by fabricating a 3D‐printed micro‐supercapacitor, exhibiting a high area specific capacitance of 585 mF cm−2 and energy density of 159.23 µWh cm−2 (at power density = 0.34 mW cm−2). The solvent/coordination tuning strategy demonstrated in this study provides a new direction for the synthesis of high‐performance nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage applications.


The invention relates to an intelligent tableware container, a serving system and a serving method. Separate spaces for containing tableware are arranged, a separate opening unit is arranged for each separate space, labels with identifiers are arranged on the tableware, a label-reading unit reads the labels of the tableware to acquire the identifiers of the labels, and according to the information acquired by the label-reading unit, an intelligent control unit controls the opening unit of each separate space to open separately. The tableware with the electronic labels in the invention can be recycled, so that materials are saved, and meanwhile, since the separate spaces are separately controlled, the safe management of food and drink is realized.


This article reviews the statutory and case law concerning privileged communications for psychotherapists. Privileged communication laws exempt psychotherapists-under certain circumstances-from testifying about their patients in judicial proceedings. But psychotherapists should not assume broad protection because these laws may be vitiated by the exceptions and waivers found within the statutes or by a strict judicial interpretation.


The crustal motion velocity field is established according to some actually-measured site velocities from GPS control network data.Based on the conditions of the dynamic system and application of a Kalman filter,the network integrated adjustment is carried out.The accuracy analysis of GPS daily solutions and final coordinate solutions are presented.The conclusion shows that Kalman filter ensures the rationality and reliability of the adjustment result.


Two debt crises affect developing countries. The more publicized crisis affects the middle income Baker Plan countries, including Nigeria and Cote d'Ivoire. The less well known crisis affects most of Africa's 34 low income countries. Poverty and economic rigidities in the African countries make it harder for them to grow out of their debt problems without special assistance. These countries are more dependent than the highly indebted countries on primary commodity exports, which often require long investment periods to increase production. Debtor countries must take the lead in establishing and maintaining workable medium term adjustment programs. Once adjustment is occuring, it is in the interests of donors and creditors to continue supporting recovery well into the 1990s.


The artice made a summary on the structures and characterice of 45 steel gears in diesel engines after gas nitrocarbarizing technology treatments.The results show that the compound layer and diffusion layer 0.25mm thick have been formed.through 570℃×2.5h of gas nitrocarburizing treatment,with the surface hardness of 500HV 0.1 ,the smaller distortion and the higher lifespan.


he cause for bursting of water-wall tube was studied by the methods of chemical analysis and metallographical and physical examinations. The results show that microstructure defects, elbow thickness thinning of tube and insufficient steam quantity cause the bursting. The preventing measures have been proposed.


Theoretical studies of partial discharge (PD) characteristics of voids in extruded high voltage insulation were made. Important physical quantities such as discharge inception stress (DIS), electric stress inside the insulation (E d ), which corresponds to the DIS, theoretical PD magnitude (Q), as well as the probability of free electron appearance were calculated. The calculations were made for spherical voids of different diameters. The results were compared with currently valid standards and test requirements for extruded high voltage cables. Suggestions concerning PD measurements and tests are made.


Photoionization cross sections for the ground-state alkali-metal atoms Na, K, Rb, and Cs are calculated by using the Xα method and Slater transition-state theory. The effects of the core-polarization due to the valence-electron on the photoionization cross sections are discussed. As compared with the experimental values and other theoretical values, we find that the results obtained using Slater transition-state theory with the core-polarization are very close to the experimental values.


Although hydropower plays a significant role in global economy, the reservoir sedimentation is a global challenge for its sustainability. In the present situation, the worldwide average loss of storage capacity in surface water reservoirs due to sedimentation is higher than the increase of storage volume due to construction of new reservoirs. Landslides and mass wasting are very common in the Himalayas during the monsoon season, which create tremendous amount of sediments. In the Himalayas, the high concentrations of sediments in the rivers are largely related to climatic, tectonic and geological factors. Himalayan Rivers provide some of the greatest challenges in water resources development. Any river project in the Himalayas must evolve within the context of land use practices and natural phenomena like monsoon hydrology, the complex geology and the severe sediment transport. Watershed management alone will not keep hydropower projects sustainable in the Himalayan Region. Hence, sustainability of hydropower projects basically depends on the proper management of sediments. Whereas, the twentieth century focused on the construction of new dams, the twenty-first century will need to focus on combating sedimentation; the objective will be to convert today's non-sustainable reservoir into sustainable infrastructures for future generations.


This article analyzes the scientific data on the role of migrants in the central cities of the Bukhara Emirate in the late XIX and early XX centuries in their crafts and production.


Recently, it was shown that the generative adversarial network (GAN) based adversarial-example attacks could thoroughly defeat the existing Android malware detection systems. However, they can be easily defended through deploying a firewall (i.e., adversarial example detector) to filter adversarial examples. To evade both malware detection and adversarial example detection, we develop a new adversarial-example attack method based on our proposed bi-objective GAN. Experiments show that over <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{95}\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> of adversarial examples generated by our method break through the firewall-equipped Android malware detection system, outperforming the state-of-the-art method by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{247.68}\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>.


Objectives: Nucleoside analogues are suspected of playing a role in peripheral fat loss in patients during long-term treatment with antiretroviral drugs. Design and methods: We compared the long-term effects of stavudine (10 μM), zidovudine (1 μM), didanosine (10 μM), abacavir (4 μM), lamivudine (10 μM), and tenofovir (1 μM), near their maximum concentration values, on the differentiation, lipid accumulation, survival and mitochondrial function of differentiating 3T3-F442A and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results: None of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) markedly altered the differentiation of 3T3-F442A cells, as shown by the unmodified percentage of cells with lipid droplets on day 7 and the expression of the early differentiation markers CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β (on day 2) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein. However, stavudine and zidovudine altered the lipid phenotype, decreasing the lipid content and expression of markers involved in lipid metabolism, namely C/EBPα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, adipocyte lipid binding protein 2, fatty acid synthase and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. Stavudine and zidovudine, contrary to the other NRTI, drove 5–10% of 3T3-F442A cells towards apoptosis, and reduced the lipid content and survival of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Stavudine and zidovudine increased mitochondrial mass by two to fourfold, and lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 stain) as did zalcitabine (0.2 μM). Co-treatment with zidovudine plus lamivudine, or zidovudine plus lamivudine and abacavir, did not increase the effect of zidovudine on cell viability or apoptosis. Conclusion: The thymidine analogues stavudine and zidovudine decreased lipid content, mitochondrial activity, and adipocyte survival in vitro.


Objective To decrease postoPerative complicatinns of hypospadias,increase successful rate of operation and abolish substitutes of urethra. Methods This series included patients with type Ⅰ and some type Ⅱ hypospadias.26 underwent urethrolysis and blanomeatusplasty, 14 underwent urethrolysis and blanomeatusplasty by tunnel. 24 patients were drained within dwelling catheters and 16 patients with uripary diversion.The tubes of al1 the patients were extracted in a week after opration.ResultsThe balanic deforAnties of the 40 patients were rectified completely.the appearance were normal urinary fistula occurred due to infection in 1 patient and meatus stenosis in 2 patients.Conclusion Urethrolysis and blanuomeatusplasty is prolonged domestic urethra without substitutes. It's advantages are high successful rate,rapid recovery and less postoperative complications.It was an ideal therapy for distal hypospadias.


Measurement of punishments is an important component of criminal trial,and how to define measurement of punishments is very significant for fair sentencing.The traditional concept of measurement of punishments is limited in aspect of its content and do not fully reveal its meaning.Measurement of punishments should include the non-punishments and be understood as a measurement process,in which on the basis of conviction,the people's court makes a decision applicable to the crime: whether to apply punishments,which kind of punishments to be applied,how to apply punishments,and which kind of non-punishments to be applied.


Some results of experimental testing of fire risk by means of passive microwave and infrared remote sensing methods in the forests of the Moscow region are presented. The equipment used, measurement procedures and some results of data processing are described. The intercorrelation between natural fire risk and remotely obtained data is studied. It is shown, that passive microwave and infrared remote sensing methods can be used for the classification of forest state.


Cascade reservoirs were designed for Yalong River Basin, which ranks the 3rd largest hydropower base in China. Reservoir impoundment has certain impacts on local climate, but few researches focus on this field. This paper integrates the spatiotemporal analysis techniques and geostatistical methods to identify the reservoir projected meteorological indices (MIs) variations as well as the impact scope under different circumstances. Results show: The reservoir projected variations of moisture indexes were much more significant than temperatures. Anthropogenic disturbance has led to dramatic decrease of relative humidity in the past decade, far beyond its periodic amplitude range. Moreover, dry valley faced more serious drought risk but reservoir impoundment of this region alleviated the local drought risk. The daily minimum temperature, relative to the maximum temperature, was more sensitive to catchment changes with an earlier appearance of temperature zone variation. Since impounding, the MIs internal relationships in non-dry valley varied significantly more than that in dry valley, with the positive correlation of 0.7 between the relative humidity and precipitation weakened greatly. The severe warming hotspots distributed in the upper reach and had the probability of 0.95- 1 to exceed 1.5℃ IPCC control target. This study provides references for the disturbance of reservoir impoundment to local climate at multiple temporal-spatial scales under different circumstances and contributes to the MIs variation pattern identification and quantitative risk assessment.


In a macroscopic hydrodynamic approach, a set of one-dimensional spatially varied unsteady flow equations, that include terms for lateral mass flux, lateral momentum flux, overpressure head due to raindrop impact, and boundary shear, are derived from the equation of continuity and the Navier-Stokes equations for the three-dimensional flow of viscous incompressible fluid in cooperation with the kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions on the water and ground surfaces of a watershed. The Darcy-Weisbach equation is employed to evaluate the friction slope, and the laminar uniform flow equation for the Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient coupled with the Karman-Prandtl logarithmic resistance equation for turbulent flow is used to simulate, as a first approximation, the unknown function of the Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient for watershed surface flow. The proposed mathematical model for watershed surface flow consists of a set of quasilinear partial differential flow equations of hyperbolic type with the appropriately prescribed initial and boundary conditions.


Wh hen asked to design therapy for a patient with an inborn error of metabolism, all but the best informed will respond that enzyme replacement is the obvious answer. Indeed, short of genetic engineering, this would be true in the ideal world. Yet, the means by which to accomplish enzyme replacement has remained elusive. The first problem, of course, is where to find the normal enzyme, the "ammunition" with which to fight the therapeutic battle? Enzymes are generally present in normal tissues at concentrations that are appropriate for their host organism, but not in sufficient quantity to be shared. Protein isolation techniques are very far short of 100% efficient, reducing availability still further. Other barriers to be considered are protein stability, immunogenicity if the source is other than human, and appropriate intracellular localization to optimize function(e.g., intralysosomal) and functional halflife in the secondary host organism. Much attention has been focused on treatment of lysosomal storage disorders, based on the concept (somewhat simplistic) that phagocytosis of an exogenous protein might lead to eventual lysosomal accumulation and increased biological activity in its native site. Beyond these problems lie the questions of means of delivery to the appropriate site in the body and cost of the entire process, in additlon to many issues not addressed in this brief editorial. Notwithstanding all these barriers to success, many attempts have been made at enzyme replacement therapy, beginning in the early 1970s with the infusions of plasma or leukocytes into patients with mucopolysaccharidoses I and II.1 The chief advantage to this quite nonspecific approach was the availability of enzyme without the need for purification. The chief disadvantage was that it did not work! Later in the same decade an interesting attempt at treatment was made using transplanted fibroblasts from culture,2 which also failed. Efforts toward amniotic transplantation treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses were equally unrewarding.3 Bone marrow transplantation as a means of therapy for lysosomal storage disorders4 has been


Financial Investments are the commitments that are made by individuals with any financial and non-financial instruments for gaining a better and profitable return in future for a particular objective. The financial and non-financial investment instruments act as a medium or a driving tool for investment decisions of individuals. From the available investment avenues one must select the appropriate one that he feels safer or good to invest. The person who is going to make investments should be aware of all knowledge about investments and should be aware of how it is going to fulfil his objective. The person who is investing should be known of all the investment avenues available for making investments. Such avenues are employee provident fund, public provident fund, mutual funds, insurance, bank deposits, real estate, gold, stock market. This study is about to analyse the investment pattern of college professors and their attitude towards investment avenues. It also aims to identify the reason behind making investment and to find their objective for making investment. It helps to find the behaviour of individuals while making investments. Further this study helps to find the relationship of various demographic factors of the respondents and factors associated while making investment decisions. Such factors include time period of their investment, investment avenues, risk factors, returns etc.


A 38-year-old patient presented with recurrent presyncope, extreme fatigue, facial oedema and weight loss. Physical examination revealed a palpable painless mass in the left supraclavicular region, facial oedema and a mild meso-systolic murmur audible at the right sternal border.

An echocardiogram revealed a mass anterior to the heart compressing cardiac chambers and the aortic root. The compression resulted in a right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT) with less than half its normal antero-posterior diameter and a fusiformly shaped left atrium …


Tourists are becoming more interested in indigenous culture and research interest on tourism with and focusing on indigenous peoples also increases (inclusive of additional terminology such as aboriginal, first nations, native). Thus, it is increasingly important that focused and credible, yet critical, information is available to students, policy-makers, governments and the likes. Butler and Hinch's 2007 text is a welcome addition to the growing body of literature on its own, but also as a revised and expanded version of their initial (1996) edition. As the editors note the 1996 volume focused on 'the impacts of the involvement of indigenous people in tourism, [whereas] this volume is meant to explore the dynamics of their active involvement' (p. 2). Much has evolved in 11 years (the timeframe between the two volumes) and so apart from just stating such Butler and Hinch's introduction now contains a newly revised model of their framework for indigenous tourism; titled the indigenous tourism system. This system model builds upon the initial model from their 1996 text, utilises the changing literature from the interim time period, and also includes recognition of some of the work contained in this edition. It is this degree of academic synthesis that makes the 2007 edition of this book an addition to the literature well above other books recently published. Tourism and indigenous peoples is more empirical than Johnston's (2006) Is the sacred for sale? Tourism and indigenous peoples and Zeppel's (2006) Indigenous ecotourism: Sustainable development and management; it is more coherent and focused than Ryan and Aicken's (2005) Indigenous tourism: The commodification and management of culture, which initiated from a series of conference presentations; it offers a wider perspective (in terms of hearing from multiple authors) than Zeppel (2006) and Notzke's (2006) 'The Stranger, the Native and the Land': Perspectives on Indigenous Tourism; and it provides broader geographical scope in terms of regions and indigenous groups than both Zeppel (2006) and Notzke (2006). The text itself, as an edited volume, is set up with six sections: (1) indigenous knowledge and tourism; (2) indigenous commerce in tourism; (3) indigenous environment and tourism; (4) indigenous culture and tourism; (5) indigenous community based tourism; and (6) indigenous tourism policies and practices. Each of these sections of the book contains three to four chapters as well as a one page introductory piece by the editors. These introductory pages are tremendously helpful in setting the scene for each section of the book and help draw together the themes that will emerge. These introductory pieces are just one of the many ways the editors have thoroughly sought to create and capture synergies within the literature. Within the section examining indigenous knowledge and tourism, two of the four chapters comment on the situation in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Butler and


Development projects conducted in rural areas in Honduras have not had the desired impact on rural dwellers' lives. The recently launched National Program of Sustainable Rural Development was created by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock with the intent of coordinating the interventions managed by a variety of projects in rural areas, with the overall goal of assisting rural families and their communities to reach a sustainable level of development. Rural human resources development will be critical to any sustained efforts in rural areas of Honduras. The purpose of this paper is to describe and comment on past practices of rural development programs in Honduras and to compare these practices with those of a new approach embodied in the National Program of Sustainable Rural Development (PRONADERS). PRONADERS is trying to incorporate some of the best practices in rural development and extension. Although some strategies remain undefined, the philosophical basis and early experience of PRONADERS look promising. This research is part of a longitudinal study of the program.


Disclosed herein is a carbon material having a graphite nanosized surface layer, and a method of synthesizing a carbon material having a graphite nanolayer on a surface thereof, including: i) heating a cellulose fiber in a reactor; ii) forming a first carbon material while maintaining temperature of the reactor; iii) cooling the formed first carbon material; iv) heating the cooled first carbon material; v) forming a second carbon material while maintaining temperature of the reactor; vi) cooling the formed second carbon material.


PURPOSE: A vacuum applicator having an automatic conveyer is provided to accomplish the complete following of a photoresist forming substance to the surface of a printed circuit board or another substrate, a raised circuit trace, and the periphery of an irregular profile. CONSTITUTION: A supporting structure or frame(10) is equipped with a vacuum laminating applicator(12) having an inlet automatic conveyor(14) and a vacuum part. The vacuum part has a vacuum laminator(18) and two independent belt conveyors(20) and (22) comprising an upper part belt, a lower part conveyer and a controller for controlling the movement of the lower part conveyer and the upper part conveyer. The frame is connected to a vacuum pump(124) to be applied with power to start the vacuum processing cycle.


During the last decade, thermoplastic starch (TPS) has been studied more and more, alone and in blends. One key property of TPS is its viscosity. A lab-scale conical twin-screw extruder has been used to process polymers or blends of polymers at a small scale (7 cm3), and to measure their viscosity by pressure loss in a backflow channel. TPS has been tested at different temperatures (100-180°C) and for a 100-900s-1 shear rate range. One surprising result is the viscosity evolution of starch/glycerol blends (supposed to have become TPS before the rheology measurements) with temperature. An increase is observed between 120 and 140°C and then it decreases between 140 and 160°C. Therefore plasticization may happen only from 140°C. Blends of TPS with PLA and with different additives have also been studied. The additives are introduced in a second time, ten minutes after the TPS/PLA blend recirculation. Their influence on the blend viscosity is instantaneous. A viscosity increase after the additive introduction can be a clue for an improvement of the blend compatibilisation, as observed with CMC. Thanks to this micro-compounder, viscosity and behaviour of polymers can be evaluated easily even for TPS which needs shear to flow. Moreover, the solidified sample collected in the backflow channel at the end of the experiment can be used to test different properties like mechanical or thermal (DMTA, DSC) ones. Using this kind of lab-scale extruder represents then a good opportunity for preview screening studies.


Infrared detection technology has important applications in laser ranging, imaging, night vision, and other fields. Furthermore, recent studies have proven that hot carriers which are generated by surface plasmon decay can be exploited for photodetection to get beyond semiconductors' bandgap restriction. In this study, silicon nanopillars (NPs) and gold film at the top and bottom of silicon nanopillars were designed to generate surface plasmon resonance and Fabry–Perot resonance to achieve perfect absorption. The absorption was calculated using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method, and factors' effects on resonance wavelength and absorption were examined. Here we demonstrate how this perfect absorber can be used to achieve near-unity optical absorption using ultrathin plasmonic nanostructures with thicknesses of 15 nm, smaller than the hot electron diffusion length. Further study revealed that the resonance wavelength can be redshifted to the mid-infrared band (e.g., 3.75 μm) by increasing the value of the structure parameters. These results demonstrate a success in the study of polarization insensitivity, detection band adjustable, and efficient perfect absorption infrared photodetectors.


The invention discloses a recombinant human interferon alpha2b preparation for injection. The preparation comprises a recombinant human interferon alpha2b, a phosphate buffer solution, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt, histidine, sodium chloride and water for the preparation, wherein the pH value of the preparation is 6.0-7.5. The invention is capable of stabilizing the validity of the recombinant human interferon alpha2b for more than two years at 2-8 DEG C and for more than six months at 25 DEG C by adding no surfactant and preservative simultaneously. The activity and stability of the recombinant human interferon alpha2b can also be well remained in destructive tests such as vibration and multi-gelation, and thus improving the use safety of the recombinant human interferon alpha2b preparation.


Unlike common ordered states of matter such as the crystalline solids and magnets characterized by some broken symmetry, the topological states of quantum matter are characterized by boundary properties that are highly robust or stable in the presence of disorder, fluctuations, and perturbations [1, 2]. The first example of a twodimensional topological insulator was provided by the quantum Hall effect in an electron gas [1], which has no distinct three-dimensional topological generalization [3–6]. Recent theoretical and experimental work indicates that strong spin-orbit coupling in insulators can produce a three-dimensional topological insulator, which is a completely new state of matter [3, 5–13]. This state is characterized by a surface Berry's phase, realized via an odd number of Dirac cones protected against disorder such as alloying [3–6]. This is in sharp contrast to the case of graphene, which possesses an even number of Dirac cones.


Purpose: To examine the effect of diverse incision techniques in carpal tunnel decompression on patients' postoperative pain and degree of satisfaction. Materials and Methods: This study concerned 134 cases of 97 patients who were diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome from January 2010 to May 2012 and underwent carpal tunnel decompression surgery at our hospital. The average follow-up period was 16 months (from 12 months to three years). We compared traditional, minimally invasive, endoscopic carpal tunnel decompression surgery. The subject's palmar pain, cosmetic satisfaction, and Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire result when they visited our hospital prior to the operation, three months postoperatively, six months postoperatively, and one year postoperatively were used for the assessment of the surgery outcome. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for patients' subjective evaluation of palmar pain around their scar. Using Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire, symptom severity and functional status scores were evaluated separately. Results: Palmar pain of those who underwent traditional carpal tunnel release significantly increased three months postoperatively compared to those who received the other methods (P=0.39), but there was no difference in palmar pain among the different surgical techniques in the later followup period. (P=0.69) Cosmetic satisfaction was gradually improved postoperatively. Cosmetic satisfaction tended to be low in the subjects who received traditional carpal tunnel release but the differences were not significant. (P=0.73) According to the Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire result, symptom severity scale and functional status scale were no significant differences among the three groups. (P=0.55, P=0.62). Conclusion: It is considered that there are no great differences in palmar pain, cosmetic satisfaction, and Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire scores among patients who underwent different surgical techniques for carpal tunnel syndrome in long-term follow-up.


Selfish behaviors of nodes in real-time wireless sensor networks can cause massive packet loss or even VOID regions, a game theory based real time fault tolerant routing protocol, namely GTRF, is proposed in this paper. In GTRF, a game theoretical VA model is developed to tolerate faulty nodes, balance energy cost and regulate the nodes' behaviors. To guarantee real-time transmission, a skipping transmission manner is adopted. Simulation results show that GTRF can not only efficiently balance the energy cost but also can prolong the life time of the network.


Litigation in fields other than patent and antitrust occasionally give rise to counsel disqualification questions. But patent-antitrust suits, in which counsel for patentee also prosecuted the patent and defendant alleges that the patent was obtained by fraud, with counsel's testimony being sought, pose the disqualification problem in a special context one which is, on the one hand, potentially more disastrous and, on the other hand, somewhat more exciting than in cases based on such issues as negligence or contract.


Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE Introduction : Myeloid sarcoma is a rare extramedullary manifestation of Acute myeloid leukemia(AML). Primary involvement of the biliary tract with myeloid sarcoma is very rare. Case Presentation : A 29 year old man presented with obstructive jaundice. Magnetic Resonance cholangiopancreatography showed intrahepatic biliary radicle dilatation involving both lobes of liver. There was a mass lesion involving the common hepatic duct, cystic duct and proximal common bile duct. He underwent laparotomy and excision of the mass, cholecystectomy and hepatojejunostomy for a mistaken diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. The histopathology was suggestive of myeloid sarcoma. Subsequent bone marrow examination showed AML. He received chemotherapy for AML and continues to be in remission at 2 years. Conclusion : Isolated biliary involvement by myeloid sarcoma is extremely rare and may be misdiagnosed as as cholangitis or cholecystitis or as cholangiocarcinoma. Biliary myeloid sarcoma should also be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with obstructive jaundice and investigated for AML. /* Style Definitions */
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An electrode device for the determination of the partial pressure of CO2?, Pco2?, in particular an electrode device for transcutaneous determination of Pco2?. The interior electrolyte of the electrode device is adapted to the exterior electrolyte in such a manner that the potential difference measured over the exterior reference electrode and the interior reference electrode is substantially temperature-independent with a temperature dependence for the CO2? partial pressure determination in the range of -1%/?oC - +1%/?oC. The interior electrolyte preferably contains a pH-buffer system based on phenyl phosphonic acid.


Abstract This work describes the dynamical behavior of spatially constrained agents that can each share the task-processing burden of their immediate neighbors. The work is influenced by studies of the evolution of cooperation and extends existing work in the design of resource-allocation strategies on cooperative agents. A framework for shared task processing on a network is presented, and theoretical results show sufficient conditions on distributed and asynchronous agent behaviors that guarantee an optimal allocation of task-processing resources on the network. These sufficient conditions include a network version of Hamilton's rule. In particular, in order to guarantee convergence of the gradient ascent algorithm on each agent, the benefit-to-cost ratio of cooperation must be greater than a measure of the topological relatedness between agents. The framework is shown to be applicable for autonomous air vehicles (AAV), mobile software agents, and smart power grids, and simulation results are given for an AAV case. However, it may also aid in the modeling and analysis of biological (e.g., cooperative breeding) and social systems where cooperation is not perceived to be mutually beneficial and cannot be enforced by fiat.


ABSTRACT Reproduced below you will find the transcript of the interview I, Peter Maduro, conducted of Robert Stolorow, on April 17, 2021, respecting the forty-plus year history and conceptual development of his theory of emotional trauma. My interview of Dr. Stolorow was the centerpiece of an international on-line program co-sponsored by the Institute of Contemporary Psychoanalysis, in West Los Angeles, CA (ICP), and Psychoanalytic Inquiry (PI). (This program is available for viewing in its entirety upon request to ICP.) Around 1996, as soon as I began my clinical psychotherapy practice as a psych-intern here in West Los Angeles, CA, I joined one of Bob Stolorow's clinical supervision groups. Toward the end of my first case presentation to Bob in that group he asked me what transference implications I saw in my patient's trauma-soaked emotional experience. After a brief self-conscious hesitation, I replied, "What is transference?" Over the twenty-five-plus years since that first meeting with Bob, and that first encounter with the notion of trauma transferences, I have been steeped in Bob's elucidation of psychoanalysis as a form of phenomenological-contextual inquiry, including notably his phenomenological-contextual inquiry into emotional trauma, and its literature. I have also been deeply affected by him as a person. Just during this time that I have known Bob, his psychoanalytic inquiries, including his distinctive illuminations in the phenomenology and contextuality of trauma that are the focus of my below interview, have borne the fruit of 5 books. 1 Each of these works is richly interdisciplinary at the intersection of psychoanalysis and philosophy. I hold myself quite privileged to have been at a place and time – namely, West Los Angeles from the mid-1990ʹs to the present – in which Bob's progressive contributions to psychoanalytic understandings of trauma washed over me implicitly and explicitly as a person. They washed over me as a young boy who lost his father within a family system of denial, as Stolorow psychotherapy patient, as eager psychotherapist-in-development, as ICP psychoanalytic candidate and Stolorow supervisee, and as scholar of relational psychoanalysis, particularly of Bob's and his collaborators' intersubjective-systems framework. Additionally, over the last few years of the coronavirus pandemic, socio-political unrest, and climate change we have all been thrown more forcefully into seeing and feeling our own and our planet earth's vulnerabilities. In this context, I have benefited personally, clinically, and as a citizen of our finite world from Bob's trauma insights as he extended them from the traumatized individual to collective trauma. The interview proved remarkable in many ways. Among them, it was intellectually illuminating by virtue of Bob's characteristically succinct, systematic articulation of his trauma thinking, and emotionally affecting by virtue of the vulnerable way Bob weaved his trauma concepts in with poignant clinical material and his own tragic losses.


alized under ˇve research themes of the JINR Plan for Scientiˇc Research and International Scientiˇc and Technical Cooperation (PSRISTC) and was aimed at obtaining new results in condensed matter physics (theme 07-4-1031-99/2008 ®Neutron Investigations of Structure and Dynamics of Condensed Matter ̄, headed by V. L.Aksenov and A.M.Balagurov) and neutron nuclear physics (theme 06-4-10362001/2010 ®Nuclear Physics with Neutrons Å Fundamental and Applied Investigations ̄, headed by V.N. Shvetsov and Yu.N.Kopatch). To effect scientiˇc research, work to develop, modernize, and construct the FLNP basic facilities, IBR-2 (theme 074-0851-87/2010 ®Upgrade of the IBR-2 Complex ̄, headed by A.V. Belushkin and A.V.Vinogradov) and IREN (theme 06-4-0993-94/2008 ®IREN Project ̄, headed by V.N. Shvetsov and V.G. Pyataev) as well as the IBR-2 spectrometry and computation complex (theme 07-4-1052-2004/2008 ®Development and Construction of Elements of Neutron Spectrometers for Condensed Matter Investigations ̄, headed by A.V. Belushkin and V. I. Prikhodko) continued. Also, FLNP took part in the JINR theme: ®ATLAS. General-Purpose pp Experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider ̄ (theme 02-0-1007-94/2008, headed by N.A. Russakovich). The topical problems of investigations carried out in cooperation with the leading nuclear centers were considered at the XV International Seminar on Interaction of Neutrons with Nuclei, the Meeting of the Forum on Cooperation of Regulatory Bodies and Updating Nuclear and Radiation Safety at Research Nuclear Facilities. The participation of FLNP scientists in speciˇc international projects was discussed at the 20th Task Force Meeting of the UNECE ICP Vegetation and Workshop of European Society for New Methods in Agricultural Research (ESNA). New steps in implementation of quality assurance and quality control systems in FLNP were performed during the IAEA T' 1st Workshop ®Harmonization of QA/QC Systems According to ISO and International Standards in Nuclear Analytical Laboratories of the Russian Federation ̄. The 2nd Joint Seminar-School JINRÄRomania on Neutron Physics for Investigations of Nuclei, Condensed Matter and Life Sciences offered to young scientists from Romania and JINR the possibility to acquaint with applied and theoretical neutron physics, to ˇnd out more information about the JINR activities and to create contacts for future collaborations.


The aim of the article is to determine the direction methods used in teaching Russian as the first and the second language interaction. Authors describe didactic procedures which could help achieve mutual enrichment of methodical potencial by analyzing the particular moments of two methods of teaching the main subject of grammar – the cases in the Russian language.


Agreement concerning financial cooperation between the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Government of the Kingdom of Morocco (Acquisition of a participation by the KfW). Rabat, 27 February 2007


Globalization is a process of interaction among the people, companies, and governments of different countries, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. Globalization is not new but in recent years, it has become the subject of an impassioned debate between people for and against it. While proponents of globalization believe it is a powerful mechanism through which countries can increase economic development and prosperity for its citizens, its detractors have questioned its effects on the environment, culture, political systems, economic and social development and human rights in the developing world particularly the rights of women in these countries. History has led to vast inequalities, leaving almost three-fourths of the world"s people living in less-developed countries and one-fifth below the poverty line. The long-term impact of past industrialization, exploitation and environmental damage cannot be wished away. It is only right that development in this new century be even more conscious of its long-term impact. The problems are complex and the choices difficult. Our common future can only be achieved with a better understanding of our common concerns and shared responsibilities. This article tries to some of the recent trends which have been fails to sustainable development in the globalised era. Also it will explore the fact that how a woman is affected by globalization really depends on intersecting factors such as class, nationality, race, ability, religion, ethnicity, sexuality, age and education. For instance, there are women in the burgeoning middle-classes of India and China who have significantly benefited through better employment opportunities, new technologies and increased purchasing power. Also affecting women are high infant mortality rates and the rates of death during childbirth. But, by far the worst consequence of globalization is the uptick in human and sextrafficking as thousands of women has gone missing while looking for much – needed employment far away from the safety nets of their families and communities.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: inventions refer to machine-building industry. Spring manufacturing method involves arrangement of one compressed elastomeric gasket with a central projection between a pair of metal plates with central hole and multiple teeth around its edge, as well as alignment of teeth with the corresponding central projection. Manufacturing method of spring assembly provides for manufacture of multiple-link pack of gaskets separated with plates, application of axial force to spring assembly, piercing of gaskets with teeth, penetration of teeth through the specified distance into the gasket and mechanical attachment of gasket to plates, and then, removal of axial load from spring assembly. In the method providing axial linearity during multiple cushioning of axial dynamic impact loads exceeding 7500 pounds per square inch there used are many compressed elastomeric gaskets from copolyester polymer, which have a slot against axial projection. EFFECT: improvement of axial linearity and stability in lateral direction of multiple-link compressed spring assembly. 9 cl, 2 dwg


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to describe a novel tool (conjoint analysis (CA)) for application by explaining the theory behind it; second, how the tool was developed; and third, how it can be used to ensure an optimal festival/event offering. In this way, the research needed on the individual behavioural and psychological factors of the events-tourism sector are addressed.

Design/methodology/approach

Planned events in this case the three largest arts festivals in South Africa (SA) (in Potchefstroom – Festival A, Grahamstown – Festival B and Oudtshoorn – Festival C) were studied. Five different attributes – festival brands, ticket prices, entertainment activities, food and beverages and transport to venues – were developed to describe arts festivals. The data were analysed using CA. CA was used in a linear regression model with individual ratings for each arts festival product. In addition, two techniques often used as complementary to and in conjunction with CA, namely, cluster and correspondence analysis were also used. K-means clustering constructed a four-factor solution, which categorised and labelled the attributes as, brand-, price-, activity- and transport-sensitive. The software package STATISTICA used the results for the correspondence analysis to draw maps between the arts festivals and attribute importance, age groups and festival attributes, arts festivals and language.

Findings

Festival A and B preferred the attribute level quality music, whilst Festival C preferred quality performances on the attribute entertainment. On the attribute refreshments, Festivals B and C preferred value for money and Festival A, a wide variety of good quality refreshments. On the attributes transport and ticket prices, all three festivals agreed for safe and secure parking and at the same price.

Research limitations/implications

This paper demonstrates, by applying the recommended tool, how it can be used to distinguish festivals/events in an overcrowded SA market with the possibility of providing a competitive advantage. In that all three festivals researched preferred the attribute festival brand held in the region which destination marketing organisations (DMOs) can use to their advantage.

Practical implications

This paper demonstrates, by applying the recommended tool, how it can be used to distinguish festivals/events in an overcrowded SA market with the possibility of providing a competitive advantage. In that all three festivals researched preferred the attribute festival brand held in the region which DMOs can use to their advantage.

Originality/value

The description of the development of the model could illustrate how market positioning (by way of revitalizing older theories), in the arts festival context can be approached to ensure an optimal arts festival offering. By so doing the paper strives to make an academic contribution.


High-speed machining (HSM) has a series of advantages, such as smaller cutting force, higher precision, better surface quality, higher productivity, lower cost, and it can be used for difficult-to-process materials. Therefore, it is extensively applied in the fields of aerospace, automotive and moulding, etc., and is widely used [1]. The main difference between high speed cutting and conventional cutting is that the serrated chip is often produced in high speed cutting [2] and [3], and the continuous chip is produced in conventional cutting. Fig. 1 shows diagrams of a continuous chip and serrated chip. Although some scholars ascribed the occurrence of serrated chips to a periodic crack initiated in the free surface of the workpiece ahead of the tool [4] and [5]. Other researchers, including Recht [6], Komandui [7], Davies [8], Molinari [9] and Ma [10], attributed the formation of serrated chips to a repeated thermo-plastic instability occurring in the primary shear zone, particularly for ductile materials [2] and [11]. On one side, the occurrence of adiabatic shear in high speed cutting will increase the tool wear and influence the quality of the finished surface. On the other side, it is beneficial to the rupture of chip and favourable automation machining. Therefore, in order to control the cutting process effectively, more attention should be paid to the adiabatic shear localization in HSM. Fig. 1. Sketch map of chip: a) continuous chip, and b) serrated chip


Data presented in this article relates to the research article entitled " Exploration of association rule mining for coding consistency and completeness assessment in inpatient administrative health data " (Peng et al. [1]) in preparation). We provided a set of ICD-10 coding association rules in the age group of 55 to 65. The rules were extracted from an inpatient administrative health data at fi ve acute care hospitals in Alberta, Canada, using association rule mining. Thresholds of support and con fi dence for the association rules mining process were set at 0.19% and 50% respectively. The data set contains 426 rules, in which 86 rules are not nested. Data are provided in the supple- mentary material. The presented coding association rules provide a reference for future researches on the use of association rule mining for data quality assessment.


A two-year study at the S.G. College of Agriculture & Research Station, Jagdalpur showed that an increase in grain yields. Deep placement and broadcasting of Zn both the drilling and broadcasting of Zn application were equally effective in increasing grain and zinc uptake of finger millet. Zn concentration in finger millet grains was increased due to Zn fertilization; average increase being about 9.76% over control. In stem, the highest Zn concentration was noticed as deep placement at sowing by drill @ 8 kg Zn ha -1 as ZnSO4 (6.39 and 6.09 mg per 100g in 2012-2013, respectively) followed by 2, 4 and 6 kg Zn ha -1 which was at par with 8 kg Zn ha -1 in both years. However, leaf lamina and leaf sheath greater in Zn concentration was noticed with foliar spray at 25 DAS as applied 2, 4, 6 and 8 kg ha -1 and at par with each others in 2012 and 2013. The highest concentration of Zn was found under application of 8 kg Zn ha -1 as foliar application at 25 DAS in both years of experimentation.


The leopard frog, Rana pipiens, exists as a polymorphic species in an area of about 100,000 square miles in Minnesota, western Wisconsin, northern Iowa, and northeastern South Dakota (Merrell, 1965). In addition to the usual spotted wild type, the populations frequently contain about 1 to 10% of the unspotted burnsi type, shown by Moore (1942) to be due to a single dominant gene. The wide distribution and fairly high frequency of the burnsi gene seem to rule out the possibility that it is being maintained by recurrent mutation. Furthermore, heterozygote advantage, the mechanism most commonly invoked to explain balanced polymorphism, does not seem an adequate explanation in this case. First, the frequency of the heterozygotes in natural populations is lower than would reasonably be expected if heterosis were involved. Also, the results from crosses in the laboratory between wild-type and burnsi individuals showed no evidence of heterozygote advantage (Merrell-unpublished). Crosses between heterozygous burnsi (B/+) and pipiens (+/+) yielded the expected one-to-one burnsi to pipiens ratio, even under crowded conditions. Crosses between heterozygous burnsi frogs gave the expected 3: 1 ratios with no indication that the homozygous burnsi type (B/B) was less vigorous than the B/+ or +/+ genotypes. Finally, crosses between burnsi and kandiyohi heterozygotes gave the four genotypes, burnsi, kandiyohi, double mutant burnsi-kandiyohi, and wild type pipiens, in the expected equal numbers. (Kandiyohi is another dominant polymorphic gene in R. pipiens not linked to burnsi-Volpe 1955, 1956, 1960; Anderson and Volpe, 1958). Not only were the expected ratios obtained, but there were no significant differences in rate of development or size at metamorphosis among the different types of progeny. Therefore, the available evidence gives no support to heterozygote advantage as an explanation for the burnsi polymorphism. For this reason, other mechanisms for maintaining the burnsi polymorphism must be considered. One possibility is a seasonal shift in selection pressure (Merrell, 1965). The data presented below suggest that the burnsi frogs are somewhat better able to survive the winter than the pipiens type.


The exploration of synthetic methodologies that allow rapid access to a wide variety of N-heterocycles is of critical importance to the medicinal chemist as it provides the ability to expand the available drug-like chemical space and drives more efficient drug discovery programs. β-Nitrostyrenes, as unique active intermediates, have been widely applied in synthetic organic chemistry because of their versatile utility as pharmaceutical agents and agrochemicals. In this review, we summarize the recent development and application of the elegant and efficient methods that enable the concise synthesis of N-heterocycles from β-nitrostyrenes and various partners in a step- and atom-economic manner, including cascade reactions, C-H activation, regio- and stereoselective syntheses, as well as other novel syntheses, which will potentially provide useful insights for further exploring and designing novel reactions.
• Introduction
• Synthesis of Five-Membered N-Heterocycles
• Synthesis of Six-Membered N-Heterocycles
• Synthesis of Bicyclic N-Heterocycles
• Conclusion and Perspective


The purpose of the article is to describe the new requirements for teaching the discipline "Manasology". Objectives of the article: To present changes in the education system of Kyrgyzstan in connection with the adoption in 2011 of the Law "On the epic «Manas»" and to describe new technologies that can be used in the country's education system with the introduction of the discipline "Manasology". The object of the research is the current situation in schools and universities of Kyrgyzstan, the subject is the process of forming new teaching technologies and creating educational literature. The educational community of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan takes into account a number of teaching technologies tested in the world, the practical application of which includes the creation of new educational literature. Among them: Technology of integrated learning; Case-technology; Game technology; Technology workshops; Traditional technologies (classroom lesson system). The first technology presupposes a special type of integrated lesson, combining familiarity with the epic "Manas" simultaneously with other subjects while studying one topic. Disciplines of the auxiliary cycle can be "National Literature", "Kyrgyz Language", "Oral Folk Art", etc. The second technology involves the use of educational, research and practical cases, their sources can be epic material: "Manas", "Semetey", "Seytek". The third technology for game therapy, communication games, art therapy, fairy tale or myth therapy, technology of musical influence involves a direct appeal to the heroic epic "Manas". The fourth technology – a workshop of value orientations – introduces the ideas of tolerance of all ethnic groups and interethnic harmony, covering the history, philosophy, worldview and spiritual culture of the Kyrgyz, glorifying patriotism, friendship, freedom of spirit and who played a creative role in the formation and strengthening of the Kyrgyz statehood, proclaimed in article 1 "Law on the epic «Manas»".


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a special perovskite type compound, a catalyst which contains such a compound, a method of decomposing dinitrogen monoxide (N 2 O), a device for producing nitric acid and a method of producing nitric acid. The invention also relates to use of the said perovskite type compound in decomposing N 2 O. The invention describes the device used in the method of producing nitric acid at the ammonia oxidation step, which includes a perovskite type compound for decomposing dinitrogen monoxide having general formula (1). There is an ammonia oxidation catalyst, one or more separating gauzes and a perovskite type compound along the gas stream containing the product. The invention describes a method of producing nitric acid using the said device. Described also is a catalyst for use in the said device, which has a cellular support and a perovskite type compound of general formula (1). The invention also describes a method of decomposing dinitrogen monoxide for use in the device described above, which involves bringing dinitrogen monoxide into contact with the perovskite type compound of general formula (1) and using the said perovskite compound to decompose dinitrogen monoxide for use in the device described above. EFFECT: decomposition of N 2 O in the gas containing the product formed during oxidation of ammonia when producing nitric acid. 14 cl, 5 ex, 16 tbl, 1 dwg


Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mediastinal lymph node involvement (N2) is a heterogeneous entity. The objective of this analysis is to investigate the results of treatment strategies for N2-positive patients.

Methods
Retrospective study (2009-2014) of 104 consecutive patients with stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC classified according to the Robinson classification (IIIA1-IIIA4) and treated within a multimodality treatment regime.

Results
The Robinson subgroups were: IIIA1 (n=27), IIIA3 (n=60) and IIIA4 (n=17). We had no stage IIIA2 samples because we did not perform an intraoperative frozen section of lymph nodes. Surgical resection with systematic lymph node dissection was performed in all patients with stage IIIA1 (n=27). After chemotherapy or chemo-/radiotherapy, 53.3% of patients in stage IIIA3 (n=32) and 11.7% of patients in stage IIIA4 (n=2) underwent surgery with curative intention. R0 was achieved in 92.6% in stage IIIA1, 93.8% in stage IIIA3 and 100% in stage IIIA4. The 30-day mortality was 3.2%. The overall median survival was 31.7 months (5-year survival was 30.5%). There were no significant differences (P=0.583) in survival regarding the Robinson subgroups. Patients who underwent tumour resection had significantly better median survival (39.8 vs. 19.6 months; P=0.014) compared to patients treated conservatively. Deviation from the interdisciplinary recommended therapy (12%) led to a reduced median survival (11.4 vs. 31.8 months; P=0.137).

Conclusions
N2-patients should be subclassified according to the Robinson classification and discussed in the tumour board. Surgical resection should be recommended in specific cases of N2-disease (non-bulky, sensitivity to systemic treatment).


We propose a method for computer-assisted detection of cell membranes in human corneal endothelial micrograms. Detection of the cell boundary is generally achieved by manually tracing the cell membranes in the micrograms. However, manual tracing is subjective and time consuming. Our method uses modified morphological filters to smooth out noise while keeping linear structures in the image. The processed image is then binarized by template matching. Since the resultant membranes in the image normally consist of broken lines, they must be connected. The identical morphological operation is used again to connect the broken lines. The shapes of cells derived by this method overlap well with those defined by manual tracing.


In this paper we present a new 5-pass identification scheme with asymptotic cheating probability ½ based on the syndrome decoding problem. Our protocol is related to the Stern identification scheme but has a reduced communication cost compared to previous code-based zero-knowledge schemes, moreover our scheme permits to obtain a very low size of public key and secret key. The contribution of this paper is twofold, first we propose a variation on the Stern authentication scheme which permits to decrease asymptotically the cheating probability to 1/2 rather than 2/3 (and very close to 1/2 in practice) but with less communication. Our solution is based on deriving new challenges from the secret key through cyclic shifts of the initial public key syndrome; a new proof of soundness for this case is given Secondly we propose a new way to deal with hashed commitments in zero-knowledge schemes based on Stern's scheme, so that in terms of communication, on the average, only one hash value is sent rather than two or three. Overall our new scheme has the good features of having a zero-knowledge security proof based on well known hard problem of coding theory, a small size of secret and public key (a few hundred bits), a small calculation complexity, for an overall communication cost of 19kb for authentication (for a 216 security) and a signature of size of 93kb (11.5kB) (for security 280), an improvement of 40% compared to previous schemes based on coding theory.


David Oakley is the father of nine children. His failure to pay child support for his nine children has led to arrears in excess of $25,000. Faced with this violator of Wisconsin Statute section 948.22(2)' (which makes neglect of child support payments for over 120 days a felony in Wisconsin), circuit court Judge Fred Hazlewood crafted an unusual punishment for Oakley.^ Judge Hazlewood knew that Oakley would be of no financial assistance to his children from a prison-cell, and so he chose to suspend Oakley's eleven-year prison sentence, imposing instead a five-year probationary period. Among the terms of Oakley's probation, Judge Hazlewood included a prohibition ofOakley ' s right to procreate until he demonstrated an ability to support his present and possible future children.^ This prohibition led to a Wisconsin Supreme Court appeal"* and one ofthe most controversial decisions ofthe summer of 2001 .^ The supreme court majority upheld the lower court's questionable probation term, amidst voices of apprehension in the two concurrences and two dissents.^


The various applications of ginseng were elaborated,the history and current situation of ginseng industry in China were summarized. The future development of ginseng industry was forecasted,and the relavant problems were put forward.


The synthesis of 3-[ 2′,4′,5′-triethoxybenzoyl-(carbonyl-14C)]-propionic acid (VII) is described. Chloroacetonitrile-14C (IV) was prepared from chloroacetic-1-14C acid (I) according to the well-known procedure. IV was reacted with 1,2,4-triethoxybenzene in the presence of ZnCl2 and HCl, and the resulting ketoimine hydrochloride was hydrolyzed to 2′,4′,5′-triethoxyphenacyl-(carbonyl-14C) chloride (V) in 66.5% yield. VII was obtained in 66% from ethyl [2′,4′,5′-triethoxyphenacyl-(carbonyl-14C)] malonate (VI) which had been prepared in 57% from V by an application of malonic ester synthesis. The overall radiochemical yield from I to VII was 11.2%.


This thesis mainly focuses on the significance and the effect of establishment of The Communist Pioneer Team in the Party Branch of university libraries,the essential qualities a Communist Pioneer Team should own,and the specific ways of creativity and practice in the improvement of library information service and development.


Cigarette smoking and the administration of angiotensin II and norepinephrine decreased digital blood flow as demonstrated by the electrical impedance method. It is believed that this technique is applicable to detect vascular changes in the digits, especially when these changes are temporary in nature.


Customer retention and satisfaction are two important indicators of effectiveness of marketing strategies for companies. Customer relationship management has emerged as one of the most important factor determining the competitive edge for companies in different industries. In the Pakistani Banking industry, the online banking is used as a key tool for establishing better and effective relationship with the customers through the different touch points offered. The Customer Relationship Management through online banking has substantial implications for the customer retention in the Banking industry. This study analyzed the role of Online Banking CRM in context of Standard Chartered Bank Pakistan for assessing the impacts on Customer retention. The regression analysis was performed on the primary data collected from 120 respondents sampled from online banking customers of Standard Chartered Bank from Lahore Branches. The results indicate that CRM has significant relationship with customer satisfaction and perceptions regarding products and services of the bank which in turn results in increased ability of the bank to retain its customers.


Contents: Fernando Galvan: Poe versus Dickens: an Ambiguous Relationship - Sonya Isaak: Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Baudelaire: The Artist as the Elite Victim - Ricardo Marin-Ruiz: Two Romanticisms but the Same Feeling: The Presence of Poe in Gustavo Adolfo Becquer's Leyendas - Margarita Rigal-Aragon: The Thousand-and-Second Dupin of Edgar A. Poe - Beatriz Gonzalez-Moreno: Approaching the Dupin-Holmes (or Poe-Doyle) Controversy - Angel Mateos-Aparicio Martin-Albo: "The Horrors Are Not To Be Denied": The Influence of Edgar A. Poe on Ray Bradbury - Santiago Rodriguez Guerrero-Strachan: Poe's Poetry: Melancholy and the Picturesque - Eduardo de Gregorio-Godeo: Functions and Values of Description, Metaphorical Image and Comparison in "Ligeia": a Discursive-Rhetorical Study - Jose Antonio Gurpegui: John Allan versus Edgar Allan, or Poe's Early Years - Angel Galdon-Rodriguez: Chronology.


Capabilities of RFNC-VNIITF in conducting of experiments on testing of the units for tritium system of fusion neutrons source based on gasdynamics trap are shown. Basic scheme of test-bench for mastering of the principal elements of vacuum technological complex of gasdynamics trap with using deuterium- tritium mixtures is shown also. One of the basic test-bench elements, which is proposed to be mastered on the first stage, is system of utilization and purification of working gas mixture, which will be pumped from gasdynamics trap. Designer decisions of the model of this test-bench unit are sketched, and edition of the proposed experiment is described.


In the article it was proved the role of the heart as a determinant factor of human's life, demonstrated that the culture of Kievan Rus did emphasis on a heart as a place where comes into being a human's determination on those or other actions, it contains her will and desire. Heart is the source of life, the center of a fleshly and multi-faceted spiritual human being, it helps her maintain individuality, is the basis of all spheres of human's life


Tumor mutational burden (TMB) differs between squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and non-SCCs. Amongst SCC subtypes, cutaneous disease has the highest TMB, and both high TMB and cutaneous histology correlate with better outcome in patients after immune checkpoint blockade. Advanced and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are common and difficult-to-treat malignancies. We assessed 75 immunotherapy-treated patients with SCC from a clinically annotated database of 2,651 patients, as well as 9,407 patients from a deidentified database for molecular features that might influence checkpoint blockade response. SCCs had higher tumor mutational burdens (TMB) than non-SCCs (P < 0.0001). Cutaneous SCCs had the highest TMB (P < 0.0001), with 41.3% demonstrating a very high TMB (≥50 mutations/Mb). In immunotherapy-treated patients with SCC, higher TMB (≥12 mutations/Mb) correlated with a trend to higher clinical benefit rate [stable disease ≥ 6 months or partial/complete remission; 60% vs. 29%; (high vs. low TMB); P = 0.06] and significantly longer median time-to-treatment failure (TTF; 9.9 vs. 4.4 months; P = 0.0058). Cutaneous SCCs had the highest clinical benefit [11/15 patients (73%) vs. 20/60 (33%) non-cutaneous (P = 0.008)], TTF (P = 0.0015), and overall survival (P = 0.06) with immunotherapy treatment. In conclusion, among a diverse set of SCCs, higher TMB and cutaneous disease associated with better immunotherapy outcome.


The purpose of this research was to examine management support and professional proficiency as determinants of internal audit function effectiveness of listed companies in Tanzania. The study applied cross-sectional survey strategy. Data were collected through survey questionnaire responses to companies listed at Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) in Tanzania. Data were analysed through variance based, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The study reported R2 of 0.545 implying that management support and professional proficiency together explained 54.5% variation in the internal audit function effectiveness. The study finding was that professional proficiency positively and significantly is related to internal audit function effectiveness of these companies. However, management support was not statistically significant determinant of IAF effectiveness. These findings depict that in less developed economies professional proficiency is more important than management support because of infancy corporate governance and it is established as a compliance symbolic function. Keyword:Professional Proficiency, Management Support, IAF, Institutional Theory, DSE.


Ultrashort pulses with ultrahigh tunable repetition rates up to 50 GHz are produced by the use of a solid-state saturable absorber film of polymethine dyes in a polymer matrix to mode lock a neodymium glass laser. The energy and the pulse duration of the ultrashort pulses and the stability of the train are measured. The shortest duration pulses produced are ~4 ps with no noticeable change in the optical properties of solid-state dye films after several hundred shots of operation.


I In this paper, I provide an intersectional analysis of Roma Armee, a theatre play staged at Berlin's Maxim Gorki theatre. I wish to challenge preconceptions and representations of Romani queer and feminist identities by investigating the personal narratives and self-envisioning of queer and feminist Romani performers. While there are notions that Romani queers live only as victims, perpetrators of violence, or unwitting exoticized objects of desire for mainstream queer consumption, I favour a more complex image, showing how some Romani queers articulate their own sexuality, race, class, and agency. I look at how these articulations are met in some Romani communities, and by majoritarian audiences in Berlin and Stockholm, in order to problematize the complex nature of being a minority within a minority. I end with remarks on the revolutionary potential of the play, by arguing that the play creates spaces for healing and can be seen as a significant contribution to an epistemic and ontological shift when it comes to Romani queer and feminist knowledge production.


The impact of genotype {Pleurotus ostreatus (local), Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus sajur caju (local) and Pleurotus ostreatus (exotic)} and substrate composition (wheat straw, 2% lime and 2-6% wheat bran) on the yield performance and quality characteristics of oyster mushrooms was investigated. Mushroom yield significantly increased with the increase of wheat bran in substrate, i.e., lowest being in substrate with 0% wheat bran (2.6 kg) and highest with 6% bran (3.8 kg). Among genotype, Pleurotus ostreatus (both local and exotic) gave maximum yield (3.5 and 3.7 kg) whereas Pleurotus florida gave the lowest yield. Substrate composition had no significant effect on moisture, fat and fiber content while ash, protein and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) were influenced significantly. Pleurotus florida ranked the highest in moisture, ash concentration and nitrogen-free extract while Pleurotus ostreatus (exotic) had high amounts of fat and protein. No variation in the mean values was noted in fiber content as a function of genotype or substrate composition. As for the sensory quality, Pleurotus ostreatus (local) was most acceptable, followed by Pleurotus florida. It is inferred from the study that genotype as well as substrate composition have pronounced effects on yield and quality of mushrooms.


AN EXPERIMENTAL ROAD OF CEMENT BOUND MACADAM WAS CONSTRUCTED TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ON MEATERIAL REQUIREMENTS, CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND DATA ON WHICH DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES COULD BE BASED. THE TEST ROAD INCLUDED 81 SECTIONS CONSTRUCTED WITH THREE SIZES OF LIMESTONE, THREE SIZES OF GRAVEL AND ONE SIZE OF SLAG COARSE AGGREGATE. THESE COARSE AGGREGATES WERE PENETRATED WITH GROUT OF DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS BY WEIGHT OF SAND OF VARIOUS COARSENESS WITH VARYING AMOUNTS OF WATER. THE REQUIREMENTS FOR UNIFORM AND FULL PENETRATION OF COARSE AGGREGATES BY THE GROUT WAS STUDIED. COMPACTION METHODS WERE DESCRIBED. COMPACTION METHODS WERE DESCRIBED. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS WERE GIVEN PERTAINING TO SUBGRADE, COARSE AGGREGATE, GROUT, COMPACTION, CONSTRUCTION METHODS, STRENGTHS, AND QUALITY OF MATERIALS.


Abstract In the aftermath of national crises in the U.S. such as the Oklahoma City bombing of the Federal building 11 years ago, the destruction on September 11, 2001, and the recent hurricanes and flooding in New Orleans and other areas, much attention has been given to how best families and communities can be assisted to recover from devastating events. I examine the question of what women's roles are in times of family and community stress and report that there is little in the literature to answer this question. I suggest that perhaps this is good news because what I found instead was a portrayal of people's roles and strengths in times of family and community crisis that did not differentiate along gender lines. I also present the notion that women have unique gifts and strengths to contribute when crisis strikes. I give three case examples, one of a special environment that a woman created for other women to share and relax in, another of a woman who creatively helped her community to heal after a terrorist attack, and the third of a woman in an Appalachian Virginia mining community who took on the prime-mover leadership role in community redevelopment following a period of overwhelming economic crisis. I discuss the role that rituals can play in coping with change and how women's sense of connectedness is illustrated in Carol Gilligan's work. Aspects of John Gottman's research on arousal pattern differences between women and men and what he terms emotional intelligence are considered, and I speculate on a possible implication that women make better leaders in general--and especially in times of crisis--than do men. Drawing on the partnership model developed by Riane Eisler, I conclude that women and men working collaboratively offer the greatest hope for family and community survival during times of crisis and rebuilding. Introduction In the aftermath of regional and national crises such as the Oklahoma City bombing of the Federal building 11 years ago, the destruction of the World Trade Center Towers and part of the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, and the recent hurricanes (Katrina and Rita) and subsequent flooding in New Orleans and other coastal areas after levies collapsed, much national attention has been given to how best families and communities can be assisted to recover from devastating events. Equally devastating, however, can be the sudden death of a family member in an accident caused by a drunken driver or the slow, insidious death of a family member diagnosed with cancer or Alzheimer's Disease. And how does a family measure and cope with the damage created when a young member attempts, or worse, successfully commits suicide? Women's responses and responsiveness to crisis apply equally to small-scale personal or family disruptions as well as communitywide catastrophes. "Four score and seven years ago, our forefathers brought forth upon this [American] land a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all [White, landed] men are equal" [emphasis added]. For the most part, I am not talking in this paper about women's issues and rights from a political or legal perspective as is the case with this annotated version of the opening of Lincoln's Gettysburg address. When I focus here on women's roles and strengths in times of family and community stress, I take as a given that any woman, like any man that Lincoln was thinking of, will work and fight and sacrifice for her life and lifestyle and for those of her family, friends, and fellow citizens to the degree to which she is capable and following the dictates of her conscience. Further, I assume that, indeed, no person or social expectation or legislation should prevent her from her pursuit of happiness and justice any more than any man is thus limited. What I attempt to do in this paper is address ways in which women as a group have intrinsic--not just socialized--attributes that will call them to rise and respond when they themselves or others with whom they have a connection are confronted by stressful conditions, attributes that have long been ignored or discounted by Mainstream American (patriarchal) society. …


Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are polymers produced by a great variety of microorganisms and possess different structural, ph ysical and chemical properties. Investigation of rheological properties of these so luti ns is important due to an increasing interest in polysaccharides commercial applications , mainly in food sectors. The objective of this work was investigate rheological characteri stics of exopolysaccharides R 1, R2, R3 and R4 produced by different Rhizobium and Mesorhizobium strains. Quantitative analysis showed that uronic acid component found in R 3 (8,4 %) was higher than R 1 (2,4 %), R2 (1,7 %) and R4 (0,8 %). Gel filtration chromatography indicated t hat EPS R2 and R3 are more homogeneous and less polidisperse. Acid hydrolysis and HPAEC/PA D analysis revealed that glucose was the main monosaccharide, beyond galacto se and mannose. All exopolysaccharides had non-Newtonian behavior, with pseudoplastic characteristics at concentrations of 2, 5 and 10 g/L. The Ostwald-de-W aele (Power Law) was the rheological model used to represent the experimental data of th e shear stress versus shear rate. EPS R 1, R2 and R4 demonstrated a slight increase in viscosity in pre sence of NaCl, and viscoelastic behavior, R1 had strong gelling characteristics. The EPS R 3 was less viscous, in water solutions and presence of salt, probably due to a h igh percentual of uronic acids on its structure. Moreover, R 3 exhibited diluted solution behavior at low concent ration, and viscoelastic weak gelling at high concentrations. A nalysis of temperature influence over polysaccharide solutions viscoelastic behavior show ed that EPS R 1, R2 e R4 had strong gelling characteristics, at concentrations of 5 g/L .


In this paper, we present a computationally fast, storage-efficient approach, termed Kronecker-Structured Learning of Discriminative Dictionaries (K-SLD2), for learning a Kronecker-structured, overcomplete dictionary for the classification and representation of multidimensional signals like images, medical tomographic data, and videos. We evaluate the performance of K-SLD2 on several datasets, including Extended YaleB and the UCI EEG database. The use of Kronecker-structured dictionaries improves the classification performance over state-of-the-art dictionary-based methods when the number of training samples is small, at it is competitive with methods employing SIFT features even without feature extraction. Furthermore, Kronecker-structured dictionaries offer a more compact representation of signal classes, packing in more atoms with no more than 5% of the storage requirements of existing subspace models.


ABSTRACT Oolitic calcarenites of the Ste. Genevieve Limestone were deposited in shallow water along the southwestern margin of the Illinois Basin northeast of the Ozark Shoal. Considerable divergence in shelf current patterns is indicated by the large variance (6363) for azimuths of cross-bed sets of oolitic calcarenites and by outcrop polymodal windrose diagrams. Tidal current deposition is locally suggested by 180° reversals in sequences of cross-bed sets. The dominant currents flowed northwestward, as evidenced by the 326° vectorial mean for cross-bed azimuths and the northwestward migration of the thicker (40-90 in) cross-bed sets. During early diagenesis of the carbonate sands, aragonite in fossils and in ooid laminae was dissolved by low-Mg water to form extensive moldic porosity within insoluble micrite envelopes. Precipitation of thin calcite crusts around the grains prevented collapse of most micrite envelopes. Intergranular and moldic pores were subsequently filled by mosaic calcite cement. Ooids with calcite spar interiors and off-center nuclei are thought to reflect the sequence: (1) solution of aragonitic ooid laminae within an insoluble micrite envelope; (2) gravitative settling of the nucleus to the bottom of the mold; and (3) filling of the mold by calcite cement that displaced the nucleus to a non-geopetal position. Ferroan calcite spar of (C.990 Mg.006 Fe.004) CO3 composition (electron microprobe analyses) was precipitated within the ooid molds in some beds. The ferroan calcite reflects concentration of iron in the water inside the molds derived from dissolution of iron-bearing o id laminae. Post-lithification chert, chalcedony, calcite, ferroan calcite, and dolomite formed along joint and solution openings by precipitation and (or) replacement processes.