The invention relates to a tooling clamp for manufacturing an output bracket of an automobile speed changer, comprising a base, a gear ring, a gear group, a cover plate, a rack group, a part positioning device and a gear ring limiting device, wherein the gear ring is internally meshed with the gear group which is in meshed transmission with the rack group; the gear ring is provided with the gear ring limiting device so as to prevent the gear ring from rotating excessively and further causing racks to separate out of a tooling; and the center of the top surface of the base is provided with a part positioning device for positioning parts. In the invention, by utilizing the principle that the gear and the racks are in meshed transmission, the traditional methods of turning, sequence welding, and manual placement of bushes and the like are changed, the defects that the traditional mode is complex, is low in efficiency and high in cost are overcome, the structure is simple and durable, automation of the whole process of press-fitting and welding is realized, the part positioning device on the base can ensure the position relation of the centers of the parts and a main shaft of a machine tool, and the positioning accuracy can be guaranteed absolutely.


A general numerical method for pricing American options in regime switching jump diffusion models of stock dynamics with stochastic interest rates and/or volatility is developed. Time derivative and infinitesimal generator of the process for factors that determine the dynamics of the interest rate and/or volatility are discretized. The result is a sequence of embedded perpetual options in a Markov-modulated Levy model. Options in this sequence are solved using an iteration method based on the Wiener-Hopf factorization. As an application, an explicit algorithm for the case of interest rate driven by the square root process with embedded jumps is derived. Numerical examples show that fairly accurate results can be obtained in reasonable time. It is shown that the shape of the early exercise boundary strongly depends on the sign of the leverage parameter.


This is a symposium by six authorities, written from practical experience with no fancy flights into the psychiatric stratosphere. The book is not only interesting in its subject matter but for the characteristic approach of the various writers. Sir Norwood East is dry, precise and erudite, but leaves one wondering whether he appreciated the good as well as the difficulties that emerge from a changing outlook and changing social conditions. Dr. Curran is clear, incisive and devastating in exposing the fallacies of various arm chair theories about crime, especially that it is all due to psychological illness. He backs his arguments with facts. He wisely points out that what really matters in diagnosis is the implied prognosis but also explodes the notion that "common-sense" alone without appropriate experience is a reliable diagnostic guide. He criticises the psychiatrist who gives biased evidence for the defence in court, but also shews how court procedure can allow lawyers to prevent the emergence of the "whole truth" if it suits their purposes. He, might have commented as well on the occasional practice of the court appearing almost deliberately to misunderstand the medical witness. Dr. Peter Scott contributes a delightful study of the species "spiv" and follows this with a scholarly essay on punishment. His philosophical approach is in interesting contrast to the more pragmatic approach of the lawyer in the last chapter. His contribution throughout is characterised by its thoughtfulness; he refuses to take current theories at their face value but follows Bernard Shaw's behest to "pick out that which is good and reject that which is false!" Dr. Mackworth perhaps more than any contributor, deals with the roots of crime. His approach is largely psychoanalytic but he is aware of the practical sides of the problem, which analysts do not always (though by no means always) appreciate. He discusses types likely to respond to treatment, and furnishes interesting case histories, particularly one shewing how apparent psychopathy was really an intense neurotic disturbance. Mr. Clifford's contribution is not so much concerned with the causes of crime as a clear and sympathetic appreciation of the valuable work done by the probation service. The last chapter is in the nature of a summing up by Mr. Powell: it is a stimulating, and to the psychiatrist perhaps the most controversial one in the book. Thus it is hard to agree that there is a distinct borderline between …


In a bridging session after the sudden death of his analyst, I realized that Mr. X and I were both grieving for her. V had been my teacher, supervisor, and friend, and I knew her analytic voice from the inside. I heard it in my consulting room not only in Mr. X's words but also in his relational patterns and expectations as they emerged as we moved along. Hearing V's voice stand in such stark contrast with mine led me to reconceptualize the venerable concept of analytic voice from within contemporary psychoanalytic theory. My analytic voice freed Mr. X from V's complex constraints, and my experience as Mr. X's analyst unexpectedly came to free me. I have come to understand analytic voice as an emergent property of a complex dynamic system.


In this paper an e ort is made to enrich the current Input-Output methodologies employed for studying the disruptive events, by extending the IO framework and including all the phases of the circular flow of income into the overall disaster impact. In this respect the Inoperability Extended Model is created and implemented in order to estimate the higher order effects in terms of value added percentage variations. The 2010 Social Accounting Matrix referred to the United Kingdom, is constructed and it is proposed as a starting point for assessing the effects of a system perturbation. The case of study is related to the eruption of the Volcano EyjafjallajA¶kull in mid April 2010 which became an international disruptive event heavily affecting the air transport services due to a full closure of British Air Space for several days. Finally the ranking of those commodities which are badly affected can provide guidance to the policy makers to minimize the overall impact on the economy


This volume surveys the work of Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz (1651-1695), the most significant literary figure of the colonial period in Spanish America. Focusing on her three religious plays, it analyses the role of early scientific ideas in her literary works.


Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is one of the most
widely used synthetic antioxidants added to foodstuffs.
BHA consists of a mixture of isomers, 3-tert-butyl-4-
hydroxyanisole (3-BHA) and 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole
(2-BHA). [Continues.]


Preface to the Second Edition vii Preface: My Story with RF (Islamic) Banking and Finance in America xiii Acknowledgments xxix About the Book Cover xxxvii CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2 The Faith-Based Judeo-Christian-Islamic Foundation of the Prohibition of Interest and the RF (Riba-Free) Banking System 15 CHAPTER 3 The RF Valuation Disciplines of Commodity Indexation and Marking to the Market 55 CHAPTER 4 The Law: The Judeo-Christian-Islamic Shari aa 75 CHAPTER 5 Money and Its Creation: The U.S. Federal Reserve System (Central Banks) and Interest Rates 101 CHAPTER 6 Towards an RF Monetary Discipline: The RF Commodity Indexation Discipline 137 CHAPTER 7 Civility and Social Responsibility of the RF Banking System 179 CHAPTER 8 The Conventional Riba-Based Banking System 207 CHAPTER 9 Comparing RF Banking and Conventional Riba-Based Banking: What Is the Difference? 247 CHAPTER 10 RF (Islamic) Banking in the Twentieth Century 261 CHAPTER 11 RF Banking Model for the Twenty-First Century: The LARIBA RF Model 285 CHAPTER 12 Putting the RF Finance Movement and Discipline Together 345 CHAPTER 13 Starting an RF Bank in the United States 361 CHAPTER 14 RF Capital Markets 399 CHAPTER 15 Case Studies 431 CHAPTER 16 RF Credits (Loans) in Contrast to Types of Riba-Based Loans 449 CHAPTER 17 The RF Approach to Handling Troubled and Nonperforming Credits (Loans) 463 CHAPTER 18 Visions for the Future of RF Banking 471 CHAPTER 19 RF Banking: A New Banking Brand for the Twenty-First Century 483 About the Companion Website 487 Index 489


Displacement,as an important phenomenon in Alice Walker's African trilogy,reveals how the western imperialism gradually invades African tribes.The tragedy of the displaced who resist colonialism negatively implies the solution of national culture issue of the colonized tribes.Despite affirming African culture as a whole,Walker criticizes the female circumcision as corrupt custom,which reflects her cultural consciousness of self-examination.


Yu Yimo was born in Guangwuying in Ningxia in the Qing Dynasty and once held the position of Huguang Tidu.There is no enough study on Yu Yimo's family background because of the shortage of the material.The essay studies the family background of Yu Yimo and also studies the books written by his son Yu Ruqin and his nephew Yu Ruyi.


During the procession of urbanization,the fill up of wetland occurs in many places,which results in the weakening of wetland functions.The construction of urban wetland park successfully combines the wetland protection and development harmoniously.Based on the potential economical analysis of ecological benefit,the construction of Nanjing Qinhuai River Wetland Park will greatly impulse the social development and environment protection in Jiangning District: contributing 1.69%~3.03% to GDP increase rate,accommodating(3900~)7400 work offers,enhancing the land value of RMB 10.23 billion Yuan,and making RMB780 million Yuan net sustainable benefit.


Electron beam irradiation was applied to examine microbial safety and qualities of black pepper powder and commercial Sunsik. Whole black pepper powder and commercial Sunsik were irradiated at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 kGy. Microorganism contamination in black pepper powder and commercial Sunsik were significantly decreased by irradiation. Decimal reduction doses () of total bacteria count in black pepper powder and commercial Sunsik were 5.32 and 1.56 kGy, respectively. of yeast and mold were 2.54 and 2.14 kGy for black pepper powder and commercial Sunsik, respectively. Electron beam irradiation caused negligible changes in Hunter color L, a, and b values. Sensory evaluations of black pepper powder and commercial Sunsik showed no significant changes among samples. These results indicate electron beam irradiation improves microbial safety and qualities of black pepper powder and commercial Sunsik.


This process, based on end to end philosophy defines the way of managing geometrical specifications concerning the aircraft during its complete lifecycle. Final geometry of an aircraft is the result of many manufacturing operations performed by many stakeholders. As a result, geometrical management is centered on Frontier and Interface management, following the sharing of responsibilities of vehicle systems and integrators. System geometrical Management is based on functional analysis of the Helicopter vehicle. This is a top-down approach leading to systems specification at each level of the Aircraft assembly, and following the 3 main phases of the Helicopter lifecycle:  Design development,  Industrialization (MAP)  and Serial life. During Design development, this approach leads to a cascade of specification in line with the product cascade, where Frontier specification becomes an input data for system design and manufacturing. This process guaranties the transversal robustness of design and industrial process against H/C performance criteria. During Industrialization, we focus on demonstration of process robustness considering system requirements and program specification. It includes process definition and requires product/process optimization (MAP)  Specification Verification phase. At this stage we are facing majors' challenges:  Models validation with prototype manufacturing  Measurement analysis  Design & manufacturing change management  Preparation to serial life During Serial life, we shall provide optimized methods and tools matching with quality and production objectives (OTD, OQM, ramp-up) and viewing results format. Since the tolerances are represented by a network, we have defined a format for injecting the results at a given level as input data to the next level. Due to the nature and interconnections of this network, the volume of data to be processed can be significant. So we have implemented an appropriate numerical technique to deal with a continuous influx of measurement data. Indeed, due to the number of data, the problem linked to the representation of the results of the studies was addressed. The objective was to propose a comprehensible representation of the re-evaluated risks at each stage of the process, i.e.: Initial risks related to the current helicopter definition Re-evaluated risks related to an aircraft serial number completed with each new measurement of characteristics for this aircraft Re-evaluated risks related to the observed variability of the product / process. The aim of this paper focus on our process deployment based on the last A/C development in Airbus Helicopters, presenting the first results, the advantages and drawback for Industrialization phase based on a sliding door integration. 1. NOTATION A/C: Aircraft CTI: Critical items KC: Key Characteristic IT: Tolerance Interval OTD: On Time Delivery OQM: On Quality Milestone WP: Work Package 2. INTRODUCTION  KC/CTI geometrical management is based on a System Engineering philosophy, and inspired from Airbus way of managing interfaces between systems such as airframe work-packages, electrical, mechanical, air conditioning systems of the aircraft, etc. KC/CTI geometrical management is leaded by a process, based on end to end philosophy. This process defines the way of managing geometrical specifications concerning the aircraft during its complete lifecycle. Indeed, geometry is one of the key parameter to achieve aircraft performance gathering a set of generic and specific functions such as Aerodynamic performance, Aesthetic aspects, Handling capacity, Modularity and Maintenance capacity (Interchangeability), Tightness, Etc. The geometry of an aircraft is the result of many manufacturing operations performed by many stakeholders, each one being responsible for distinct tasks. As a result, geometrical management is centered on Frontier and Interface management, following the sharing of responsibilities of vehicle systems and integrators. Phase 1: Design development: convergence to program requirements at Helicopter level in regard to systems constraints. Practically, maturation loops lead to quote geometrical targets achievable as program specification in coherence with systems specification Specification Validation phase, Phase 2: Industrialization: demonstration of process robustness considering system requirements and program specification. It includes process definition and requires product/process optimization (MAP)  Specification Verification phase, Phase 3: Serial life: Monitoring strategy deployed through the appropriate quality plan to demonstrate continuous conformity of the products:  Conformity to Specification phase This approach leads to a cascade of specification in line with the product cascade, where Frontier specification becomes an input data for system design and manufacturing. Insofar as geometry management requires a transversal approach with the contributions of many stakeholders and skills, there is a need of a process assuring the robustness of design against A/C performance criteria. The main stakes of strengthening our mastery of geometrical specification are: Ensure customer satisfaction (On Target Quality / Parts interchangeability); Master product integrity with a focus on contractual commitments with suppliers; Manage interactions between product design and assembly process; Reduce tailoring / rework rate and assembly lead time; Ease production offsets. This KC geometrical management process is currently deployed in Airbus Helicopters. 3. SCOPE AND STAKES The KC/CTI geometrical management approach consists in cascading A/C requirements through design and manufacturing breakdown in order to validate technical and industrial choices done at each step of the development. This process only concerns physical interfaces of the A/C. Logical interfaces, such as electrical, hydraulic or data interfaces no not make part of this process. The starting point of KC/CTI geometrical management activity is the list of general performance requirements of the A/C (General Aesthetic/Aeronautic Tolerances; Interchangeability and Servicing Requirements, etc.) combined with a macro work sharing of the A/C, in respect to the FAL assembly sequence i.e. lead Frontier Drawing. KC/CTI geometrical management is a transversal activity concerning design, production and quality people. It deals with tolerance requirements to fulfill at each step of assembly of the aircraft. These requirements are identified in accordance with defined product cascade of the A/C and according to functional analysis of each installation. Some examples of geometrical functions are presented in figure 1


The generalized solution of the diffusion kinetic equation for avalanche ionization is generalized to include the region of short radiation pulses of 10-9-10-L'sec. A solution of the differential-difference quantum kinetic equation is obtained and it is shown that in the case of large radiation quanta the dependences of the critical field on the frequency and on the pulse duration are substantially altered. The relative roles of avalanche and multiphoton ionization in laser-induced breakdown of transparent dielectrics are analyzed.


Suspended solids in water can plug the surfaces of aquifer recharge basins, and they are often chemically flocculated and removed in costly separate floc-settling basins. This work evaluated floc and gravel filters on recharge surfaces as substitutes for settling basins. Disturbed soil in permeameters was treated with layers of small gravel and constant feedwater heads of either clear tapwater, untreated turbid runoff water, or turbid runoff water treated to form and retain flocs. Untreated turbid water reduced percolation rates more than the other feedwaters, and gravel layers markedly reduced percolation of all feedwaters. The percolation rate of water with flocs was only slightly less than that of tapwater. These results suggested that untreated turbid water or gravel layers are unacceptable for recharge surfaces. However, combinations of soil, gravel, and clay may have considerable potential for reducing percolation in water retention basins. Flocculation and settling seldom remove all fine particles from turbid water; thus a filter layer of flocs may extend the effective life of a recharge surface and eliminate costly separate floc-settling basins.


Finding résumés that match a job description can be a daunt ing task for a recruitment agency, due to the fact that these agencies are dealing with hundreds of job descrip tions and tens of thousands of résumés simultaneously. In this paper we explain a search method devised for a r ecruitment agency by measuring similarity between résumé documents and job description documents. Do cument vectors are obtained via TF-IDF weights from word embeddings arising from a neural language model wi th a skip-gram loss function. We show that, with this approach, successful searches can be achieved, an d th t the number of skips assumed in the skip gram loss function determines how successful it can be for di ferent job descriptions.


Readers of Shamsher Ali' s r̀eview' of my book Islam and Human Rights: Tradition and Politics will probably notice how he has exploited this opportunity to expatiate on t̀he Islamic system.' 2 Mr. Ali exudes con® dence that he is the master of `the Qur'anic directional guidance'[sic] (see p. 318). In his eagerness to ® nd pretexts for holding forth on this topic, he has chosen to ascribe to me ignorant stances and perverted methods that serve as springboards for his digressions. This technique is regrettable, since it involves grossly misrepresenting what I have written. Whether or not his assessments were negative or positive, as a reviewer, Mr. Ali owed it to the readers at least to attempt something like an accurate representation of my book. (And, I note in passing, he owed it to them to review the revised and updated third edition, which has been out since August 1998.) A sampling of Mr. Ali' s misrepresentations may suf® ce to establish his modus operandi. Mr. Ali alleges that I am calling the Qur' an premodern (see p. 307), going so far as to lob the outrageous accusation that I have `derisively and repeatedly' called Qur' anic guidance `premodern' (e.g. p. 299). I have never made such characterizations of the Qur' an! Instead, I discuss how various Muslims, institutions, and governments have interpreted the Islamic sources as they pertain to human rights concerns, comparing and contrasting their differing views. In doing this, I compare older interpretations of the Islamic sources with more recent ones, contrasting the views of the jurists of the past, who created what I call the premodern shari'ah, with the ideas of contemporary Muslims. In similar fashion, I contrast premodern Western doctrines with contemporary Western thinking. As I use it, the term `premodern' is not derogatory. I simply employ `premodern' to designate older trends in thinking (whether in Islamic intellectual history or in Western milieus), such as the tendency to emphasize the duties that individuals owe to family and society, and to differentiate these from more modern ways of thinking, such as treating human beings as bearers of rights. Muslims function in historical contexts the same way non-Muslims do. It should be apparent that Muslims' historically bound readings of the Islamic sources evolve over time and that these readings can be distinguished from timeless Divine Revelation. What cause should there be, then, for taking umbrage at appraisals of materials like juristic treatises, government documents, speeches, and published statements on human rights issues and differentiating Muslims' earlier approaches from more recent ones? One wonders if Mr. Ali' s peculiar use of shari'ah may cause his misperceptions, because at times he seems to equate `the Qur' anic guidance' with shari'ah (e.g. p. 317), thereby blurring the appropriate distinction between a source of Islamic law and the rules that human interpreters have derived therefrom. He asserts that my book extols secular liberal culture as superior to other cultures (see e.g. p. 300). This is utterly false. However, I do make an explicit endorsement of the universality of human rights principles as set forth in international law, and I do


During mechanical preparation, the use of hand or rotary instruments results in the production of considerable amount of smear layer. The smear layer consists of two parts: a superficial layer that covers the dentinal wall and a smear plug which occludes that dentinal tubules. Researchers had reached to different conclusions on the importance of removing or maintaining this layer. Removing the smear layer allows for more cleaning and disinfecting root canal walls and better adaptation of root canal filling materials. However, the presence of smear layer can act as a seal to the dentinal tubules and minimize the ability of bacteria and its toxins from penetrating the dentinal tubules. The ability to remove smear layer depends primarily on chemomechanical preparation. There are three main methods to remove smear layer: chemically, mechanically (ultrasonically), laser, or combinations. No one single irrigant has the ability to kill microorganisms, dissolve organic tissues, and demineralize smear layer. Thus, alternating between organic and inorganic solvents and the use of different methods and techniques have been recommended. Indeed, there is little relevance attributed to the influence of smear layer on the clinical treatment outcomes. Moreover, there is critical lack of clinical studies to determine the role of smear layer since all previous studies were carried out on laboratory based. Further experimental model with a longitudinal observational characteristic should be applied.


Map annotation is an important information representation method in computer-aided cartography and GIS. It is a supplement for map symbol system. With the development of computer technology, the Automatic Placemen of Annotation for map becomes a hotspot subject in computer-aided cartography. Usually, map Annotation is divided into three kinds: point feature, line feature and area feature. Specifically, the Placement of Annotation in Area Feature has being discussed by some scholars and many kinds of algorithms are given, mainly referring to the angle of the Annotation Placement. This paper discusses the Placement of Annotation in Area Feature within a point of view of the spatial geometric structure of the map, gives a new algorithm based on Map Spatial Geometry Information Measurement to complete the placement of annotation and compares the research results with the others.


Molecular mechanical simulations of biomolecules require an accurate potential energy function (forcefield) in order to produce meaningful results. Most current forcefields are highly parameterized in order to correctly reproduce high level theory and experiment. Increasingly, new biomolecules are designed and studied that have atypical configurations such as metal centers and nonstandard amino acids. To avoid a lengthy process to develop new parameters for each new system encountered, a generic forcefield is desired. A hierarchical approach is undertaken herein to achieve this flexibility and accuracy.

Building upon the rule based generic forcefields UFF and Dreiding, a new biological universal forcefield, BUFF, is presented for the simulation of proteins and other biological molecules. In addition to its UFF and Dreiding based terms, the BUFF has additional hydrogen bond terms, specialized protein backbone torsions, and a process for deriving charges for amino acids that is independent of other parameterization. These additional parameters have been fit to ab initio quantum mechanical calculations carried out on model systems.

Validation studies of peptide trimers demonstrate that the BUFF accurately reproduces the quantum mechanical torsional energies. Several other common, highly parameterized forcefields are also applied to the same tripeptide systems, as well as short α-helical chains and other model systems in order to make a comparison to the BUFF. These studies show that while the BUFF is universal and can be quickly deployed on new systems, such as unnatural amino acids or metal containing systems, it is also at least as accurate as other commonly employed, but highly parameterized, forcefields. The biological universal forcefield described herein is presented as complementary to the MSC forcefield derived for simulations of DNA and other nucleic acids.


Migraine is the leading cause of disability worldwide in people under 50 [1], with a trend that is continuously increasing over the years [2], also in developing countries [3,4] where the training ...


The most active zeolite hydroisomerization catalyst found during the course of a series of screening experiments was palladium impregnated hydrogen mordenite. The high activity of hydrogen mordenite catalyst was also reported by research workers of the Shell Oil Company. (11) Typical conditions used in this study were 550°F., 450 lb./sq.in. gauge, 8 g. of n-pentane fed /h./g. of catalyst, and a hydrogen/pentane molar ratio of 3.4.

Process variable studies have shown that neither gas toparticle mass transfer, intraparticle (macro-pore) diffusion, nor the chemical reactions at the palladium sites are rate limiting. The data can be correlated by a mathematical model based on the assumptions that a first-order, reversible isomerization reaction on the mordenite acidic sites is rate-controlling, and the apparent rate constant is an Arrhenius function of thetemperature of the system.

The pressure dependency of the reaction rate constant is consistent with a dual-site mechanism and Langmuir adsorption isotherms.


Realistic representation of the speech of the lower classes in ancient literature is largely confined to the comic genres, and Petronius' realism in this area is more thorough-going than that of any other ancient author. A vast scholarly literature has grown up around the question of how faithfully the speeches of Petronius' freedmen reflect characteristics of actual popular speech; this literature is reviewed and evaluated. A survey of the phonological, morphological, lexical, and syntactic peculiarities in these speeches is then undertaken, in which they are compared with other 'vulgar' Latin sources such as the Pompeian inscriptions; Petronius is in fact one of our most important early sources for the study of popular Latin. The way in which Petronius used specific varieties of non-standard Latin to characterize different freedmen speakers is explored: Petronius has subtly modulated his freedmen's speeches to reflect differing emotional states and the different attitudes of the speakers toward their social position. The present study is the first comprehensive treatment of the subject undertaken in over forty years in any language and the only one in English.


The study introduces a system of equations describing the propagation of light rays in laser location of a moving heterogeneous medium. A recurrent system of equations is obtained for the algorithm of modeling ray trajectories in a moving space microsatellite in the form of a two-dimensional Luneberg lens. A numerical calculation and analysis of the interference optical response of the moving Luneberg lens on the examples of BLITS and BLITS-M satellites is carried out. The results obtained indicate a complex influence of the effects of the moving media optics (Doppler and Fizeau effects, Snell's law violation, dispersion phenomenon, etc.) on the spatial and temporal characteristics of the reflected interference signal on the Earth's surface, namely on the signal-to-noise ratio in the reception area.


This paper models fit the profile of stem diameter over bark and diameter without bark general tree for Pinus caribaea Morelet var caribaea Barret and Golfari in 4 of the Integrated Forest Enterprises Pinar del Rio Province: Vinales, Pinar del Rio, La Palma and Macurije. To research the information obtained was used in plantations of this species, to which was randomly selected by simple random sampling 348 trees felled and chopped into sections of 1 m, at which the diameter was measured with and without bark, crust thickness, and total height, then using the statistical processing were obtained as the best performing predictive cubic parabolic equations based on variables and weighting the dcc and the dcc1.30 dsc.


The forward-rate bias offers investors an opportunity to profit from a seemingly naive strategy—buying currencies that sell at a discount to current spot rates and selling currencies that sell at a premium to current spot rates—and thus increase portfolio returns. Several tests confirm the presence of the forward-rate bias, but will it persist or will it fade away? Several explanations—time-varying risk premiums, altruistic central banks, and behavioral finance—attempt to provide the answer. This presentation comes from the Managing Currency Risks in Investment Portfolios conference held in New York, New York, on November 19-20, 1998.


Redevelopment of abandoned contaminated sites, after a phase of damage recording and evaluation followed by a large number of concrete remedial actions, is facing great financial problems. In particular for the field of groundwater protection in-situ procedures could open favourable perspectives, also regarding the side of costs. The conceptual approach of natural attenuation/intrinsic remediation, which relies on natural subsurface processes rather than traditional engineered procedures to eliminate contaminants in groundwater or soil, can provide tailored measures for low-risk cases, such as contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons. In this concept, increased efforts will be required both for initial studies on site hydrology, geochemistry and microbiology as well as subsequent monitoring of the remediation success.


Objectives  To review methodological approaches used in recent publications in onychomycosis clinical research. To identify key methodological criteria to ensure conclusive and reliable clinical results.


In this study,we investigated the mechanism of dormancy induction for cold-season and warm-season turfgrass in autumn and winter.The concentration of gibberellin (GA),abscisic acid (ABA) and storage nutrients varied among different treatments,of which the concentration of soluble protein,soluble sugar and ABA increased with a decrease in the time of exposure to light,while the GA concentration decreased.The results suggest that the reduction in the exposure time is one of the important factors inducing the dormancy of turfgrass in late autumn and winter.


Morphological matrix method and its key legal point of view the main function of the program from portfolio analysis, and then the combination of a good program to list, due to the combination of a lot of the number of programs, and therefore difficult to compare them one by one evaluation, it is difficult to get the best program. The main problem lies in the expert system knowledge acquisition and reasoning more difficult. Intelligent design of the car's mechanical system is actually an instance of reasoning and matching process. In this paper, automotive Intelligent Design System Based on CBR and RBR in an attempt to improve the efficiency of product design. ICAD system technology and artificial intelligence expert system optimization design, finite element analysis, computer graphics and other various numerical calculation methods combine their respective merits, complement each other, the aim is to make the computer as much as possible to participate in decision making, structural design, performance analysis, graphics and so the whole process.


An experimental device for testing rheological property of foamy oils was developed based on the experimental system for testing rheological properties of conventional oils.This experimental device can achieve measurements on rheological properties of foamy oils and dynamic observation of foamy-oil microstructures under different experimental conditions.The device is composed of foamy oil generation system,testing system of rheological properties and image acquisition system.It can be seen from foamy oil pictures that gas bubbles are highly dispersed in the oil,forming a stably flowing state of foamy oils.A mean equivalent diameter of gas bubbles in foamy oils under different pressures can be obtained through image processing and average volume weight.Analyses on influential factors of the foamy oil viscosity indicated that the effect of bubble size on the foamy oil viscosity increases gradually with the increase of the mean equivalent diameter of bubbles.A correlation between the foamy-oil or live-oil viscosity and foam quality was established and it showed that the foamy oil viscosity has an approximately linear relationship with foam quality.The viscosity of foamy oils decreases gradually with the increase of shearing rate,showing an obvious shearthinning characteristic.A correlation between the foamy-oil flow behavior index and foam quality was established as well and it showed that the foamy-oil flow behavior index decreases with the increase of foam quality,i.e.the non-Newtonian viscosity behavior of foamy oils is stronger than that of live oils.


Cities are gradually relying on significant segments to handle problems with civilization, the environment, topography, and many other topics. This possibility is greatly aided by the burgeoning idea of "Green Infrastructure," which fosters the integration of monitors and Big Data through the Internet of Things (IoT). In addition to improving employment future, this data explosion also opens up new opportunities for city planning and administration. Machine life big data processing may significantly improve the urban fabric, but ecology and livability factors shouldn't be ignored in favour of technical ones. To comply with the Sustainability Goa and the New Urban Objectives, this paper analyses the urban AI's potential and suggests a new feel great Artificial intelligence and metropolises while helping to ensure the incorporation of key facets of Culture, Insulin sensitivity, and Leadership. These aspects are known to be critical for the successful integration of Smart Cities. In order to improve the life quality of the urban fabric and foster job creation and opportunity, this document is directed at government officials, computer scientists, and engineering who are interested in strengthening the convergence of artificial intelligence and big data in smart cities.


SUMMARY The low field susceptibility variations in the Chinese and Tajik loess sequences reflect the palaeoclimatic fluctuations of the Quaternary on the continents in a very direct and complete way. It can be demonstrated that the fine-grained ferromagnetic mineral fraction is largely responsible for the climatically controlled susceptibility enhancement in the loess sediments. In order to gain more information about the origin and quality of the susceptibility enhancement we are scrutinizing the F-factor (F,) which is conventionally used as a measure of the frequency dependence of the susceptibility. For qualitative estimates of the grain sizes present, F, seems to be a rather misleading parameter because it is flawed when variable amounts of minerals with both frequency-independent and frequency-dependent susceptibility are present. We introduce a new concentration-independent F-factor (K) which takes the influence of the mineral fractions with frequency-independent susceptibility on the total susceptibility into consideration. F, is fairly constant in all the investigated sections. This result is explained theoretically following NCel's (1949) fine-particle theory and Stephenson's (1971a) modelling of various single-domain grain distributions. It is found that the grain-size distribution is essentially the same throughout all loess sections investigated and the upper and Iower grain-size limits are essentially invariable. In addition, susceptibility and its frequency dependence were measured at low temperatures on selected loess samples in order to determine the maximum grain size present in the fine-grained magnetic fraction.


We report the results of an extensive monitoring campaign of PSR B0540-69, the 50 ms pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud, using data acquired with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. A set of 45 pointed X-ray observations spanning 1.2 yr reveals a steady spin-down interrupted by a single glitch event, the first recorded for this young, rotation-powered pulsar. The quality of the data allowed us to perform a pulse-timing analysis that successfully maintains cycle count between observations, after allowing for the observed glitch. The glitch event occurred on MJD 51,325 ± 45 (90% CL error) and is characterized by a change in frequency of Δν/ν = (1.90 ± 0.04) × 10-9 and in frequency derivative of Δ/ = (8.5 ± 0.5) × 10-5. By phase-linking the data set we provide a definitive measurement of the spin frequency of the pulsar and its first and second derivatives. These translate into a braking index of n = 1.81 ± 0.07, significantly lower than reported previously for this source using measurements that could not be phase-linked unambiguously.


NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work PORTIONS OF THIS CEPORT ARE ILLEGIBLE. It PORTIONS OF THIS REPORT ARE Il.LEGIBLE.. .It sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Atomic Energy has. been reprotiticed From the.best available has been reproduced ircm the best available their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, copy to permit the broad,gt poMikk ava* , Commission, nor any of their employees, nor any of copy to peonit the broad,est possible avaiB· makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any 0Auny, -, legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, comabluty, . · pleteness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, -1 product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.


The lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM) have successfully been applied to micro-scale flows in hydrodynamic regime, such as flows of liquid in porous media. However, the LBM, in their standard formulation, do not produce correct results beyond the hydrodynamic regime, i.e. for slip and transitional ones. Following the work of Shan and He [1] we propose to extend the LBM to those stated, where non-equilibrium effects are obvious and require to include a larger number of distribution function moments.


This paper discusses the role of computer message systems in an automated office. Relationships between office automation and computer networks are identified. The paper also reports the status of the current development of message systems and related standards.


Corruption can endanger the country's economy, which not only causes losses to the state, but also causes losses to legal entities on a small or large scale. Corruption has a very close relationship with state financial losses, where state finances contain state rights and obligations that can be worth money. In an effort to recover state financial losses, there are regulations regarding additional penalties in the form of replacement money. The imposition of replacement money is proportional to the amount of assets that have been enjoyed from the proceeds of criminal acts of corruption. The additional penalty of substitute money as an instrument of criminal law is expected to restore wealth that should be owned by the state. This study uses a normative juridical method by using a literature study. The results of this study indicate that even though the reimbursement of money has been given, the return of state financial losses cannot be achieved. This is evidenced by the fact that there are convicts who prefer to carry out substitute prisons rather than paying replacement money. This shows that the additional punishment for substitute money is only a formality and has no essence in recovering state financial losses. Thus, it is necessary to have a statutory regulation that specifically regulates additional criminal compensation so that the convict has no other choice but to pay compensation


A lubricant composition comprising a cyclic aliphatic amine alkoxylate and a base oil, the base oil is selected from (a) a polyalkylene glycol; (b) poly-α-olefin; (c) cycloalkane compound ; and (d) combinations thereof; with the proviso that the cycloaliphatic amine alkoxylate and the base oil are miscible. The lubricant was dried at 120 deg.] C in air after 13 days, may exhibit a viscosity of less than 40 ℃ percent change (%) of 5, indicating that little or no aromatic content significantly lower thermal oxidative stability, enabling the use of Group II and Group III base oils, in particular compared to Group I base oil lubricants, is not reduced toxicity and / or quality concerns.


The paper aims to investigate the causality relationship between the FDI flows as % of the official GDP and the Romanian convergence index towards the EU-average, using Granger causality tests. Using a VECM model, we examine the impact of FDI on the Romanian convergence index covering the period 2000-2013. The obtained results support a unidirectional short-run and long-run Granger causality that runs only from the FDI flows to the convergence index. In the longrun a 1% increase of FDI flows would imply an estimated increase of almost 0.61% in the economic convergence index of Romania towards the EU-average. The IRF and the variance decomposition from VECM indicate a short-run positive relationship between FDI flows and the convergence index. The analysis leads to the finding that on the short-run a 1% increase in FDI/GDP contributes to an increase in the convergence index to EU-average by 1% over the next eight quarters.


In this study, we documented how the systematic use of a dynamic geometry system DGS during problem solving became a means of integrating synthetic and analytic concepts of geometric knowledge. We analysed solution paths for tasks of geometric construction, developed by participants of a problem-solving seminar during two sessions and identified the limitations of purely analytic approaches and the advantages of integrating synthetic and analytic techniques. The results indicate that solving problems with the support offered by a DGS increases the opportunities that problem solvers have to interpret algebraic procedures from a geometric perspective and to construct meaning of mathematical concepts.


То conduct proper anti-monopoly policy, above all, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of inflation in the country, particularly to take into account all factors influencing the rate of inflation, to use a holistic approach while solving this problem. Therefore, the use of econometric methods of analysis and modeling in the study of inflation is very appropriate. This article explores characteristic features of inflation in the Republic of Tajikistan, through the application of econometric techniques. For this purpose, the author, based on statistics for the period from 2000 to 2009, developed an econometric model of inflation.


In this paper we present the Smarandache's Cevians Theorem (II) in the geometry of the triangle. Smarandache's Cevians Theorem (II) In a triangle Δ ABC we draw the Cevians 1 1 1 , , AA BB CC that intersect in P . Then: 1 1 1 1 1 1 PA PB PC AB BC CA PA PB PC A B B C C A ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ Solution 6. In the triangle Δ ABC we apply the Ceva's theorem: 1 1 1 1 1 1 AC BA CB AB CA BC ⋅ ⋅ = − ⋅ ⋅ (1) In the triangle Δ 1 AA B , cut by the transversal 1 CC , we'll apply the Menelaus' theorem: 1 1 1 1 AC BC A P AP AC BC ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ (2) In the triangle Δ 1 BB C , cut by the transversal 1 AA , we apply again the Menelaus' theorem: A C1 B1 P C B A1 1 1 1 1 BA CA B P BP B A CA ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ (3) We apply one more time the Menelaus' theorem in the triangle Δ 1 CC A cut by the transversal 1 BB : 1 1 1 1 AB C P CB AB CP C B ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ (4) We divide each relation (2), (3), and (4) by relation (1), and we obtain: 1 1 1 1 B A PA BC PA BA B C = ⋅ (5) 1 1 1 1 C B PB CA PB CB C A = ⋅ (6) 1 1 1 1 A C PC AB PC AC A B = ⋅ (7) Multiplying (5) by (6) and by (7), we have: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AB BC CA PA PB PC AB BC CA PA PB PC A B B C C A A B B C C A ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ but the last fraction is equal to 1 in conformity to Ceva's theorem. Unsolved Problem related to the Smarandache's Cevians Theorem (II). Is it possible to generalize this problem for a polygon? References: [1] F. Smarandache, Problemes avec et sans... problemes!, Problem 5.40, p. 58, Somipress, Fes, Morocco, 1983. [2] F. Smarandache, Eight Solved and Eight Open Problems in Elementary Geometry, in arXiv.org, Cornell University, NY, USA. [3] M. Khoshnevisan, Smarandache's Cevian Theorem I, NeuroIntelligence Center, Australia, http://www.scribd.com/doc/28317760/Smarandache-s-Cevians-Theorem-II


An ejector controller for an injection molding machine has a function to interrupt the ejection by an ejection device before the ejection operation is completed, a function of detecting a closing operation of an open security door which surrounds a mold clamping unit of the injection machine, and a function of restarting of ejection by the ejection device when the closing operation of the open security door is detected while the ejector apparatus is interrupted.


published in Advance ACS Absrracts, October 15, 1993. CA 94305-5080. Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. 0022-365419312097-12876$04.00/0 For a pure interface (e = 0) in the low-viscosity limit, the frequency of a wave with real wavevector k, w = wo is, has a small imaginary component, p = 2k&/p, leading to temporal damping of the wave. This coefficient fl can be obtained from the widths of the inelastic peaks in the spectrum of the light scattered from thermal capillary waves but requires deconvolution of instrumental line broadening.'~~ Alternatively, the wavevector for a wave of fixed real frequency WO, has a small imaginary part contributing to spatial damping. Substituting k = ko + ia (a << ko) into eq 1 with t = 0, keeping only first-order terms in Y and a and neglecting the gravity term, we obtain


This paper presents novel multi-band equilateral triangular microstrip antennas (ET-MSAs) fed by an L-shaped feeding probe. Two types of the ET-MSA are proposed in this paper; they are ET-MSA with closed folded slots and open folded slots with an embedded bridge. The antenna prototypes presented in this paper assume four folded slots in which a metal strip is inserted to realize a good multi-band performance. In addition, the open folded slots, in which the metal strip inside the folded slot is connected to the ET-MSA by the embedded metal bridge, leads to miniaturize the antenna. The proposed antennas are printed on the top layer of a PTFE substrate while the L-probe is printed on the bottom one. The L-shaped probe is utilized due to its tremendous performance in providing a wideband impedance matching. Five resonant frequencies of the ET-MSAs with closed folded slots and with open folded slots are predicted by the electromagnetic simulator (IE3D) based on the method of moment, respectively. Some parametric studies have been also investigated to meet an appropriate multi-band performance. A broadside radiation pattern and gain of 3.0-7.0dBi have been confirmed by the measurement for the entire observed frequencies. Measured results agree well with the prediction. Thus, these antenna systems are demonstrated to be useful models for a multi-band planar antenna.


Objective To review adverse drug reaction automatic monitoring methods which based on computer network technology and intelligent recognition technology. Methods The researches in this field published in recent years were collected. All these researches were set up different groups and analyzed by literature research method. Results Commonly used methods include "triggers" technology and "free-text information extraction" technology,in which the "trigger" technology was further studied by several teams,while the " free-text in-formation extraction" technology still had some key issues to be resolved. Conclusion Using computer software could automatically monitor the patients with the occurrence of adverse drug reactions. Application of this technology could compensate the shortcomings for omitting the current high rate of self-reporting techniques and time-poor. It was a kind of new technology which had a broad application prospects.


This paper comes up with an improved solution of the synchronous acquisition systems. GPS timing set up starting acquisition time in advance and generate trigger signals when the devices with GPS timing detect that time comes, then it can be used to synchronize distributed data acquisition devices. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that this method can reach microsecond level of time synchronization.


In this paper we deal with a new class of Clifford algebra valued automorphic forms on arithmetic subgroups of the Ahlfors-Vahlen group. The forms that we consider are in the kernel of the operator D Delta(k/2) for some even k is an element of Z. They will be called k-holomorphic Cliffordian automorphic forms. k-holomorphic Cliffordian functions are well equipped with many function theoretical tools. Furthermore, the real component functions also have the property that they are solutions to the homogeneous and inhomogeneous Weinstein equations. This function class includes the set of k-hypermonogenic functions as a special subset. While we have not been able so far to propose a construction for non-vanishing k-hypermonogenic cusp forms for k not equal 0, we are able to do so within this larger set of functions. After having explained their general relation to hyperbolic harmonic automorphic forms, we turn to the construction of Poincare series. These provide us with non-trivial examples of cusp forms within this function class. Then we establish a decomposition theorem of the spaces of k-holomorphic Cliffordian automorphic forms in terms of a direct orthogonal sum of the spaces of k-hypermonogenic Eisenstein series and of k-holomorphic Cliffordian cusp forms.


A UV curable dielectric ink composition, which enables adaptable and high-resolution direct ink writing, is presented. The UV curable dielectric ink composition is designed using non-hazardous, low cost, commercially available ingredients. The ink manufacturing procedure was devised to require only fundamental lab equipment, without the need for complex reaction conditions or harmful processes. The UV dielectric ink composition was engineered to meet a range of direct ink writing application specific needs. These needs include a tailored rheology, cured film rigidity, dielectric performance, and adhesive ability. The versatility of this ink composition is demonstrated through the fabrication of dielectric bridges for printed coplanar waveguides, bare die chip integration, and interconnects between printed circuit board regions.


The invention relates to a device for processing bank notes, comprising an input unit for inputting bank notes, a differentiator for differentiating the inputted bank notes, a transport system for transporting the differentiated bank notes through a sensor apparatus for checking the bank notes, wherein a control apparatus evaluates signals from the sensor apparatus, output units to which the bank notes are transported by the transport system, controlled by the control apparatus, depending on the test, and detectors for monitoring the device for the presence of operational disruptions, wherein the signals are evaluated by the control apparatus for this purpose, and the control apparatus stops the differentiator and the transport system if the control apparatus determines the presence and/or the assumption of an operational disruption, wherein the control apparatus causes a broadening.


The ultra high frequency (UHF) technique of PD detection has newly been put forward to study the discharge properties in transformers. In this paper, the design of an automated recognition system of UHF PD is described in detail. The system hardware includes UHF antenna and spectral analyzer. And the software consists of four parts, namely, data acquisition, discharge patterns, feature extraction from the measured patterns and pattern recognition using neural network (NN) with genetic algorithms (GA). Application of the system to some typical PD models is also presented and discussed. Experimental results show that the designed system has superior performance to measure the time and amplitude of the high frequency (adjustable center frequency between 500—1000MHz) and narrowband (5MHz) signals emitted by PD, and has strong performance in data processing, display, analysis and recognition.


Background:
 Adult mammalian hearts have limited regenerative capacity following ischemic injury, whereas neonatal hearts can fully regenerate. Uncovering the mechanisms underlying this ability could identify potential avenues for treatment following cardiac injuries. There has been evidence that changes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are involved in transition of cells out of a pluripotent state. Our hypothesis is that a specific metabolic profile will be associated with regenerative capacity in cardiomyocytes (CMs), and our subsequent goal is to characterize its activity.

 Methods:
 Previously published single-cell RNA-Seq data (GSE130699, GSE153481) from mouse hearts subjected to ischemic or sham injury at neonatal (P1) or adult (P8) stages (10987 CMs) were used to calculate metabolic reaction activity scores (RAS), which assign activity to each reaction based on gene expression (Damiani et al, 2020). We then used enrichment analysis to compare metabolic changes between experimental conditions. CMs were clustered into metabolic clusters based on RAS and compared to clusters based on total gene expression. We identified the metabolic reactions that are the best predictors of regenerative ability using LASSO regularization logistic regression.

 Results:
 Significant (p ≤ .05) differences in metabolism were identified between neonatal and adult CMs. Clustering based on RAS revealed four distinct metabolic profiles in neonatal CMs, but only two (regenerative and non-regenerative) in adult CMs. Compared to other CM clusters, regenerative CMs exhibited significantly upregulated TCA, nucleic acid, and folate metabolism. This subpopulation was enriched in the neonatal condition, resulting in the significant differences seen in overall CM metabolism between conditions. Further, regression using metabolic activity allowed us to predict the regenerative subpopulation of CMs with greater than 85% accuracy.

 Conclusion:
 In conclusion, we characterize the unique metabolic profiles of CMs that can be used to identify the regenerative subpopulation of CMs. This suggests that the different metabolic profile seen in regenerative CMs may play a significant role in their regenerative capacity and their differentiation to non-regenerative CMs.


In this paper we show how solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation may be used to explain the shape and behavior of large and rogue waves.


Segmentation of brain tissues is one important process prior to many analysis and visualization tasks for magnetic resonance (MR) images. Clustering is one of the unsupervised techniques for doing the segmentation. Clustering is done with probabilistic, possibilistic and plausibilistic approaches. Most of segmentation techniques have relied on multi channel characteristics of MR images while a few studies have reported segmentation from single channel MR images. Owing to operator performance, limitation of equipment and environmental conditions MR images contain noise. This noise can lead to serious inaccuracies in the segmentation result. We conduct the research in measuring the performance of crisp and fuzzy clustering algorithms with probabilistic, possibilistic and plausibilistic approach in different noise level for single channel MR image. To validate the accuracy and robustness of the result of clustering algorithms we carried out experiments on simulated MR brain scans. The performance of algorithms is analyzed form three measures namely: number of iterations required, misclassification error and per class (tissue) misclassification error in different noise level present in the single-channel MR image. General Terms Pattern Recognition, Bio-Medical Image Analysis, Artificial Intelligence.


women's education and labor force participation are well taken. Certainly, core rights such as education and the ability to earn a living are first steps toward improvements for women. It would be unfortunate, however, to draw the conclusion that they are sufficient to bring about advances in women's rights. There are clearly cultural impediments to women's rights as well as advantages to international norms-building efforts, and Cherif documents several such cases. For instance, religion does seem to restrain women's rights in some cases. The Muslimmajority countries of the Middle East and North Africa were much less likely to allow women to transmit their citizenship to their children, particularly when there was an established state religion and religious courts had jurisdiction over family matters. As for the influence of international normsbuilding, countries that had signed CEDAW were more likely to allow women to retain their citizenship upon marrying a non-citizen. Countries with a legislative quota and more women's rights organizations were more likely to have female legislators. In these cases, conventional beliefs were shown to be true: At times, culture impedes women's rights, and international normsbuilding makes a difference. The best take-away from Cherif's study is that education and labor force participation matter in encouraging egalitarian ideals, building a constituency for women's rights, and motivating politicians to pay attention. Without these core rights, international agreements and women's organizations will be hard pressed to make much headway. Once women are educated and active in the workplace, however, they can organize and use international norms to press their governments to change. Cherif's qualitative examples illustrate this very process. She tells the story of Unity Dow, a Botswana woman who married an American citizen. Dow was prevented by law from passing along her Botswanan citizenship to her children. She filed a lawsuit and, after an appeal, won a court ruling that struck down the discriminatory law. Dow attributed her success to the alliances built up by the women's organization she headed and the support given her case by international organizations concerned about women's nationality rights as established in international law. Dow was a lawyer, an educated woman active in the labor force, conditions that were no doubt essential to her willingness and capacity to bring suit against her own government. But her education and occupation alone were not enough to change the law. She joined with other women activists and cited international norms in her lawsuit, and the court agreed with her. It was a fertile combination of education, professional occupation, women's activism, and international norms that made a difference for women in Botswana. In the end, Cherif agrees. It isn't that culture, international norms, or women's organizations are unimportant. Rather, the fight for women's rights is complex. Core rights foster the conditions that make political effectiveness possible. Women's rights advance where women are empowered through education and labor force participation and then take action together to advocate for change. Cherif deserves credit for highlighting this important process.


Abstract— The effects of l‐glutamate and a number of structural analogues on the spontaneous release of [3H]dopamine from slices of rat striatum were examined. Glutamate, and other excitatory amino acids produced a marked stimulation of [3H]DA release which was Ca2+‐dependent and unaffected by either procaine or tetrodotoxin. The glutamate‐stimulated release was abolished in kainate‐lesioned striatum. The action of glutamate was effectively antagonised by glutamamate diethylester and 2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyric acid, but only weakly by l‐methionine‐dl‐sulfoximine. Other proposed amino acid antagonists were inactive. The likely site of the releasing action of l‐glutamate on presynaptic sites on nigro‐striatal DA terminals is discussed.


A high-pressure device for gaseous hydrogen was used for loading Pd 1-x Ni x alloys (0.1 < x < 0.75) with hydrogen. The resulted hydrogen contents were close to stoichiometric composition H/(Pd+Ni) = 1. Lower hydrogen contents have been obtained by successive partial desorptions. The thermoelectric power and electrical resistance have been measured simultaneously in the temperature range between 80 and 3 00 K. In some cases a Nordheim-Gorter type correlation of the two quantities has been observed and partial thermopowers corresponding to electron-phonon scattering and lattice disorder could be determined.


Aiming at the restriction of Kalman filter in dealing with nonlinear problems of measurement information in radar and infrared sensor data fusion,a fusion tracking algorithm based on particle filter is proposed.It uses particle filter to calculate state estimated values by the non-linear analysis of measurement equation,and then the system optimal estimation is obtained in the linear iterative way.The simulation results show that compared with the Kalman filter,the proposed algorithm improves the estimation accuracy and reduces the computational complexity.


INTRODUCTION: India, a country also known as the Golden Bird, the world's fifth largest economy, and one of the emerging superpowers in the world. A country having the lengthiest written constitution ever, thereby securing every rights of its citizens, but unfortunately remains silent on the simple rights of its prisoners. On one hand, the so called law makers are striking back and again to break the conventional image and securing the rights (transgenders being the recent one) in the parliament and contrary to it, there is no legislator who has ever talked about the rights of a prisoner.


This paper presents some effects of the current international economic and financial crisis on the main macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, are valued the direct and indirect influences, on short and mediumterm, of the crisis on direct investment, on employment, on the non-governmental credit ale valued. Financial crises are an inevitable feature of the capitalist system and follows a predictable course. The increasing of chances of profit in a particular economic sector attract funding sources, creating an explosion of investment. The global upturn from what is considered the worst economic and financial crisis since the 1930s remains fragile, and a premature exit from demand-stimulating macroeconomic policies aimed at fiscal consolidation could stall the recovery. A continuation of the expansionary fiscal stance is necessary to prevent a deflationary spiral and a further worsening of the employment situation. In this context, it is important that the macroeconomic policy framework be strengthened to promote sustainable growth and employment creation. Past experience suggest that a sustainable growth strategy requires a greater reliance on domestic demand than has been the case in many countries over the past 30 years. In such a strategy, job creation for absorbing surplus labour would result from a virtuous circle of high investment in fixed capital leading to faster productivity growth with corresponding wage increases that enable a steady expansion of domestic demand. This may call for a rethinking of the paradigm of export-led development based on keeping labour costs low.


We investigated the transcriptional regulation of the Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide gene by PRL, placental lactogen, and GH. In primary hepatocytes, ovine PRL induced a dose-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of signal transducers and activators of transcription-5a and -5b, but not -1 or -3, whereas mouse placental lactogen I and rat GH activated -5a, -5b, and -1. In EMSAs, ovine PRL, mouse placental lactogen I, and rat GH increased the specific DNA binding of nuclear signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 to its consensus element in both transfected HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes. PRL, placental lactogen I, and GH also increased Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide mRNA expression in hepatocytes from control and pregnant (mouse placental lactogen I) rats. Genistein, a phosphotyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibited PRL-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 activation and Na+/taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide mRNA. In HepG2 cell...


OESTERREICHISCHE NATIONALBANK Improved global financial conditions amid political uncertainty The growth momentum of the global economy has improved since the beginning of 2017. This is evidenced by upward growth revisions for advanced economies and a pickup in international trade according to the most recent international forecasts (IMF, European Commission and OECD). While rising commodity prices have improved the prospects for commodity-exporting emerging countries, growth in some other emerging markets has been revised downward. Trade growth has recovered from its slowest five-year period since the 1980s despite the danger of a backlash to globalization amid heightened political uncertainty. The medium-term outlook remains clouded, however, given still weak, albeit improving productivity trends and risks that are predominantly skewed to the downside. At the same time, the monetary policy stance has been very accommodative in general, which helped deflation pressures to recede. Political uncertainty remains the key risk, although so far markets seem to be little impressed by disintegration tendencies (Brexit) or anti-globalization rhetoric by individual key politicians. In the euro area the broad-based upswing of the domestic economy continues, and in CESEE (without Russia and Turkey) the economic recovery is driven by consumption and (EU-cofinanced) investment and reviving growth in Russia.


Shortly after returning home from New York City in December 1831, Herman Melville's father, Allan, fell deathly iii. He had walked the final leg of his journey home across the frozen Hudson River after the Constellation was forced to pull ashore in Poughkeepsie due to heavy ice. Subsequent to his return home, Allan failed to allow himself adequate recuperation time, and by January of the following year he became delirious with fever. On 15 January 1832, extremely concerned about his brother's condition, Thomas Melvill, Jr. (1) wrote a letter to Lemuel Shaw (Allan's friend, the Chief Justice of Massachusetts, and Herman's future father-in-law) describing just how dire Allan's mental state was: "in short my dear sir, Hope, is no longer permitted of his recovery, in the opinion of the attending Physicians and indeed,--oh, how hard for a brother to say!--I ought not to hope it.--for,--in all human probability--he would live, a Maniac!" (Leyda, Log 52). Allan succumbed to his illness thirteen days later in the throes of wild delirium. While losing his father would have been scarring enough, the ordeal was made much worse as Melville witnessed his father's mental breakdown and subsequent death first-hand. As Hershel Parker notes in the first volume of his exhaustive two-volume work Herman Melville: A Biography, young Herman, twelve years old, was in the house during the final weeks of his father's life. Unlike two of his sisters, Helen and Augusta, he had been withdrawn from school the previous October (Parker 1: 57). Some critics have gone even further by speculating that Melville had gained unattended access to his father's room and had seen him in a state of mental derangement (McCarthy 2). It is of little significance, however, if Melville had actually seen his father during his final days. All that matters is that he had undoubtedly heard his father's maniacal rants and that these memories would haunt him for the rest of his life. Although this was Melville's first and most significant encounter with mental illness, it would certainly not be his last. His older brother Gansevoort demonstrated erratic behavior before his death in 1846, and shortly thereafter Melville's mother Maria, distraught over the death of her favorite son, experienced severe bouts of depression. Three years later, Melville received more devastating news: his friend and fellow contributor to literary magazines, Charles Fenno Hoffman, suffered a mental breakdown. Even when Melville, like Ishmael, quietly took to the ship, he was unable to escape episodes of others' mental derangement. Most notably, as Melville recounts in a 13 October 1849 journal entry, a man who "was crazy" jumped overboard on a voyage from New York to London on the Independence, thereby committing suicide (Melville, Journals 5). (2) In his introduction to The Portable Melville, eminent Melville scholar Jay Leyda eloquently states that "There is a link between Melville's experiences and his works, which are all a transmutation, to some degree, of a reality he had observed or lived" (xi). Melville's frequent encounters with mental derangement are certainly no exception. As Paul McCarthy astutely argues in his pioneering 1990 study "The Twisted Mind": Madness in Herman Melville' s Fiction, all of Melville's novels minus Israel Potter (1855), in addition to such shorter works as "Bartleby, the Scrivener" (1853), "The Encantadas" (1854), "Benito Cereno" (1855), and the posthumously published Billy Budd, Sailor (1924), contain characters who surfer from such mental disorders as madness, insanity, monomania, delirium, and depression. As McCarthy notes in his opening chapter, this is a direct result of Melville's frequent exposure to mental illness. While "The Twisted Mind" is undoubtedly the most comprehensive examination of Melville's engagement with mental abnormality, by no means does it fully exhaust the Melville canon of such works. One text that has yet to be adequately considered in the light of mental abnormality is the 1853 short story "Cock-A-Doodle-Doo! …


The opium poppy has been used for several thousand years to control diarrhea and relieve pain. In 1803, Sertürner reported the isolation of a pure active alkaline substance from opium, and named it "morphine," after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams. Today, morphine and other opioids are widely used in clinical settings, especially as analgesics to treat moderate to severe pain. Opioids are also frequently used as premedicant drugs before anesthesia and surgery because of their sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic properties. A common side effect of opioids as pain medications is constipation. Constipation is a significant problem in 40% to 45% of patients with metastatic malignancy1,2 and in 90% of patients treated with opioids.3 Data from animal experiments show that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is very sensitive to opioids, even at very low doses. The ratio between subcutaneous analgesic and constipating doses of morphine in the rat is approximately 4 to 1, i.e., 4 times more morphine needed for analgesia than slowing of motility.4 Another report indicated that approximately 20 times less oral morphine is needed to antagonize castor oil diarrhea than to produce analgesia in mice.5 This gut sensitivity to opioids is probably caused by relatively poor penetration of morphine into the brain and, thus, partly explains why constipation is a severe problem in those patients receiving opioids. In addition, it is well known that tolerance develops with repeated use of opioids to relieve pain, but tolerance does not appear to extend to GI motility and transit. Opioid receptors and endorphins are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and throughout the GI tract. However, the site of action of exogenous opioid-induced constipation is somewhat controversial. Data from animal experiments show that morphine can act within the CNS to alter autonomic outflow to the gut.6 However, opioids may also affect intestinal motility by a direct effect on the bowel. Manara et al.7 have shown that the inhibition of gastric transit by morphine results primarily from direct drug action on gut opioid sites with no significant contribution from a centrally elicited effect. Loperamide, an opioid receptor agonist with limited ability to access the CNS, is used clinically to treat diarrhea, suggesting that direct, local gut action is present in the opioid-constipating effect in humans. Using human small intestine muscle-strip preparation, we showed that morphine-induced inhibition of muscle-strip contraction elicited by electrical stimulation can be blocked by opioid antagonists.8 We also observed that after opioid antagonists, the force produced by muscle contraction was enhanced up to 27% compared with control levels, suggesting an inhibitory gut modulation by endogenous opioids in humans. The GI effects of morphine are primarily mediated by and -opioid receptors in the bowel. Morphine inhibits gastric emptying and reduces propulsive peristalsis of the intestine, thereby decreasing the rate of intestinal transit and producing constipation. Reduction in gut secretion and increases in intestinal fluid absorption also contribute to morphine's constipating effect. In palliative care, the management of chronic opioid-induced constipation sometimes is a more difficult issue than the control of pain. Therefore, it is desirable to maintain the central analgesic effect of morphine while preventing or reducing its peripheral gut effects. Nonselective opioid receptor antagonists (e.g., naloxone, naltrexone, and nalmefene) cross the blood-brain barrier and, thus, block both the benFrom the Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care and Committee on Clinical Pharmacology, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Accepted for publication April 13, 2000. Supported in part by a grant from the International Anesthesia Research Society, National Institutes of Health Grant No. R01 CA79042, and Grant No. M01 RR00055 from the US Public Health Service General Clinical Research Center. Methylnaltrexone was originally formulated and subsequently modified by faculty at the University of Chicago. The University of Chicago and Drs. Yuan and Foss stand to benefit financially from the further development of methylnaltrexone. Reprint requests: Chun-Su Yuan, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637. E-mail: cyuan@ midway.uchicago.edu © 2000 by The American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 1098-7339/00/2506-0016$5.00/0 doi:10.1053/rapm.2000.8658


Antarctic science continues the spirit of the 'Heroic Age of Exploration' of Scott, Amundsen, and Shackleton -- even if participants no longer risk their lives so dramatically. It is the extraordinary logistical support for today's science that deserves to be called heroic. Critical cosmology and earth climate questions drive the research. The South Pole ('Great God! this is an awful place' - Scott 1/17/1912) has become one of the world's great astro/particle physics centers. The McMurdo Dry Valleys, including Beacon Valley, the most like Mars on Earth, and Taylor Valley ('a valley of the dead'), and the great ice sheets, hold crucial keys to understanding the Earth's climate. In December I had the special opportunity to photograph these spectacular places on assignment with Madeleine Nash for Time. The story appeared February 3rd. I will include many photographs of the incredible work and scenery on the highest, driest, coldest continent on Earth.


The surgical treatment of laryngeal cancer has made significant advances, including treatment with func-tional larynx sparing approaches including transoral endoscopic based approaches and partial laryngeal resec-tions that preserve larynx function. The utility and success of these approaches depends on the integration of surgical therapy with other therapies, including speech and swallowing rehabilitation, as well as radiation and chemotherapy. This presentation will focus on the treatment of laryngeal cancer with function sparing surgical approaches, and how to maximize benefit of surgical therapy by integration with other therapies. Emphasis will be placed on extending the indications for primary surgical therapy by maximizing support with other therapeutic modalities and supportive therapies.


A method for recovering sulfuric acid is provided to recover sulfuric acid from gas containing SO3 involving the absorption of the sulfuric acid efficiently, even without high-cost processes, such as electrolysis and thermal treatment of high temperature. A source stream(1) containing sulfuric acid vapor and/or sulfur trioxide is contacted with an ionic liquid absorbent in an absorption stage. A gas substantially free from sulfuric acid vapor and/or sulfur trioxide is recovered from the absorption stage. A stream containing the ionic liquid absorbent(3) is recovered from the absorption stage, wherein the ionic liquid absorbent contains sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid is recovered from the ionic liquid absorbent by passing the recovered stream through a separation stage. The stream containing abundant sulfuric acid is recovered from the separation stage. An ionic liquid absorbent stream, where the ionic liquid absorbent contains sulfuric acid, is recovered from the separation stage, and the recovered ionic liquid absorbent stream is returned to the absorption stage. Further, the ionic liquid absorbent contains a pyrosulfate less than 5 wt.


Adolescents with conduct disorder are known to have marked difficulties in their interpersonal relationships. In addition to such problems outside the family context, they usually have histories of family conflict as well. Considering their inability to accept responsibility for their circumstances, research into their perceptions of their family dynamics was deemed valuable. Such findings could provide useful insights for the development of intervention efforts with this group of individuals. A comparative investigation of perceived family functioning was conducted with a group of 25 adolescents diagnosed with conduct disorder and a nonclinical control group. The family variables studied were adaptability (flexibility within the family to change its rules or roles), cohesion (emotional bonding or closeness between family members), and family satisfaction (individual satisfaction with the way in which the family functions with respect to its adaptability and cohesion). The conduct disorder group experienced their families as significantly more rigid and disengaged than the control subjects and also expressed significantly less satisfaction with their family functioning. While these findings may suggest deficiencies in the families of these adolescents they may also be reflective of the negative, blaming behaviour that characterises conduct disorder.


Wound infection is major health problem, however, there is an urgent need for new anti-microbial strategies to evade the development of antibiotic resistance and local toxicity to skin cells, which hinders wound healing. This is currently hampered by the lack of in vitro models of skin infection; this thesis describes the development and validation of a 3D infected skin model for testing new anti-microbial strategies. The effectiveness of two potential anti-microbial strategies for infected wounds, together with effects they exert on mammalian skin cells was determined. Biocides known to have potential anti-microbial activity via free radical formation were investigated alone or in combination with Low Frequency Ultrasound (LFU). To study the biocidal effects, nitrocellulose membranes were used initially to form simple biofilms. A skin model was developed in vitro using DED scaffolds, HaCaT cells and commercially available primary fibroblasts. The 3D skin models were burnt, and infected with S. aureus or P. aeruginosa. Bacterial penetration and migration were determined and effects of biocides investigated. Effects on mammalian cells were determined by measuring skin cell death zones, and immunohistochemistry used to determine phenotype. Biocides reduced bacterial count, with greater effects on planktonic bacteria than on biofilms. Infection caused toxicity to the skin cells in the 3D model, which was greater for P. aeruginosa infection than S. aureus. Manuka honey was the most effective agent against bacterial infection, while associated with the least toxicity to skin cells.
LFU decreased planktonic bacterial loads. An additive effect was observed when LFU was combined with biocides, enabling lower concentrations of biocides to be used, if combined with US, with less toxic effects on mammalian cells. Together the data presented in this thesis validates a novel 3D skin model which can be utilised to test new anti-microbial strategies in a robust manner in vitro.


Ba2Co2+3Co3+6O14 has been prepared by conventional solid-state reaction between BaO2 and CoO. Its crystal structure has been refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and powder neutron diffraction, a = 5.6963(8) A, c = 28.924(6) A, space group R3m, Z = 3, R1 = 4.44%, wR2 = 10.96%. It shows evidence of new building blocks called T' (ch'h'c stacking sequence of cubic O4 and hexagonal BaO3 layers) by analogy with the related T-blocks (hh'h'h) of the barium hexaferrites. T' consists of CoII,IIIO2 brucite-like layers pillared by CoIIO4 tetrahedra and CoIII3O12 octahedral trimers. Below TN = 39 K, tetrahedral and octahedral high spin CoII (S = 3/2) diluted in the framework mainly containing low spin CoIII (S = 0) interact through CoII−O−O−CoII through super-super exchanges (SSE) only. The analysis of the competition between the multiple SSE paths has been performed through geometrical considerations. The magnetic moments are lying antiferromagnetically in the a,b plane in good agreement with the magn...


Combined with the principle of mutual energy of electromagnetic field, mutual energy theorem, mutual energy flow theorem and Wheeler - Feynman absorption theory, we propose a mutual energy flow interpretation for quantum mechanics. The Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory suggests that the light wave is composed of both the advanced and the retarded waves. John Cramer gave a simple model of photon with plane waves. The author put forward the mutual energy theorem and the principle of mutual energy. The principle of mutual energy is a formula which removes the remainder of the self-energy terms from the Poynting theorem. The principle of mutual energy as the electromagnetic field axiom can ensure that the classic electromagnetic theory building does not fall to overcome the many difficulties if the Maxwell equations have been applied as axioms. From the principle of mutual energy, radio waves, light waves are all consists of the retarded wave of the emitters and the advanced wave of the absorber. The retarded wave and the advanced wave are not simply superimposed, but combined very close together into one. The retarded wave and the advanced wave constitute the mutual energy flow. The energy flows from the emitter to the absorber in the form of energy flow. The integral of the flux of the energy flow to time is constant on any surface between the emitter and the absorber, which is the energy of the photon. Photon is nothing else, it is just the mutual energy flow. In this paper, we should further clarify that the mutual energy flow theorem tells us that the waves in the space are much like the waves in the waveguide as a quasi-plane wave. Although this quasi-plane wave is composed of the retarded wave of the emitter and the advanced wave of the absorber, we can also think of it as a purely retarded wave. The vacuum space naturally constitutes the waveguide of the mutual energy flow. Since the field between the charge and the other charge can be regarded as a plane wave, it naturally avoids the problem of self-energy divergence. Recently, Afshar experiments supported the John Cramer transactional interpretation. We found that, this experiment can also be explained by using the principle of mutual energy flow. Hence, Afshar experiment also supports the author's mutual energy flow interpretation. To make our theory self-consistent, we also introduced the principle of the return of the self-energy flow.


With recent drill results at its Leinster district project, Miranda, confirming the presence of high MgO ultramafics - the predominant host rock for nickel sulphides in the region - Breakaway Resources Ltd has reached a crossroads while it reassesses the future of its West Australi an-based assets.


Research has discussed disambiguating effects of the relative strength of prosodic boundaries in native‐language sentence processing (e.g., Carlson et al., 2001; Schafer et al., 2000), but not in second language processing. In this study, Korean learners of English (L2ers) and native English speakers (L1ers) listened to the initial portion of sentences with a temporary ambiguity in clause‐boundary location (e.g., when that moves the square), and chose one of two visually presented disambiguating continuations [(1) it will... (2) will...]. The stimuli were quasispontaneously produced by untrained speakers, with prosody that varied in boundary strength at the correct and competing clause‐boundary locations. As expected, pronunciations with the strongest prosodic boundary at the correct clause‐boundary location successfully disambiguated most tokens for both L1ers and L2ers. Contrary to predictions of Carlson et al., 2001, both groups were sensitive to the size of the correct versus competing boundary streng...


Achievements in wireless communications and microtechnologies combined with the growing need for advanced health care delivery systems have created a whole new field of interest in biomedicine. This includes the design of small biomedical devices with real-time biomedical telemetry functionalities for wearable, implantable, or ingestible applications. Wireless biomedical telemetry, performed by means of antennas, receives significant scientific interest. In the most complicated scenario, such devices not only communicate with a remote base station for telemetry purposes but also get powered wirelessly. Even though biomedical telemetry is offering unique opportunities and enabling great advancements in prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment, there have been raised many questions regarding the safety of the aforementioned medical devices due to their proximity to the human body. Apart from all those risks and safety concerns that any medical device may have as a device that is responsible for the health of human beings, wireless medical devices have one further safety-related aspect that creates concerns to engineers and physicians. Since electromagnetic fields are used for communication with the exterior world, patients are exposed to electromagnetic energy.


Historians of geology have traditionally made much of a connection between the development of geology as a science and the stimulus provided by growing industrialisation. This relationship in Shropshire, now widely regarded as the home of the Industrial Revolution because of a number of technological developments in the Severn Gorge from 1709 onwards, will thus be of special interest. However, the history of geology in Shropshire has been largely ignored before the 1830s when Sedgwick and Murchison started work. Is this because there was no link between geological investigation and industrialisation or simply because the link has not been investigated? The work of William Reynolds (1758-1803) and his descendants on the geology of Shropshire may help in answering this question. He was an ironmaster in Madeley of a Quaker family who played a crucial role in the industrial development of the Severn Gorge. He has been called "one of the most inventive geniuses of the Industrial Revolution" (Randall, 1880; see Introduction). Yet he is given only a half column entry in the Dictionary ofNational Biography and that appended to the longer entry for his father Richard Reynolds (1735—1816) the famous Quaker philanthropist. He still lacks a biographer and details of his life are poorly known. His many contributions to the industrial development of Shropshire have been detailed by Randall (1880: 81-102, 178-81), Williams (1969), Raistrick (1970), and Trinder (1973). His significant contributions to geology have been less noticed (but see Randall, 1880: 86-90). Certainly part of the reason for this is that he published nothing under his own name; avenues for publication being then much less extensive than they became in Victorian times. In one attribute particularly he differed from many contemporary industrialists; this was his attitude to industrial secrecy. As reported by an American in a French publication (Smith, 1803: 52) discussing Reynolds's techniques of making iron and steel with coal, when asked at what point he wished to keep secret the techniques he employed at Coalbrookdale Reynolds replied that he had no secrets and wished there should be none where the success of humanity was affected.


Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical prole and outcome of the patients with miliary tuberculosis (TB).
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study which involved evaluation of medical records of 44 patients with miliary TB in the
department of respiratory medicine and internal medicine from 2016-2019. Miliary TB in these patients had been diagnosed on the basis of clinical
symptoms, radiology and microbiology. The clinical prole of the patients in terms of age, gender, clinical presentations were recorded. Time
duration for resolution of symptoms was noted. Radiological outcome was also studied. Final outcome was treatment success and mortality.
Results: The mean age of the patients were 37.07 years with 27 males. Most common complaints were fever (86.36%), cough (72.73%),
expectoration (65.91%) and anorexia (45.45%). Laboratory ndings showed hypertransaminasemia, anemia, and hyponatremia in 75.00%,
70.45%, and 43.18% patients, respectively. Standardized treatment (RHEZ) was given in 70.45% patients, and non-standardized treatment in
29.55% patients. Median duration of fever was relieved in 15 days. Mortality rate was 11.36% and drug induced liver injury (DILI) was seen in
4(9.09%) patients. Radiological resolution was seen in almost all of the patients except in 3 and in majority of patients clearing was seen within the
rst two months of initiation of treatment. Among all variables, hyperbilirubinemia showed signicant association with mortality (OR=14.6, 95%
CI 1.86 to 114.615, P=0.013).
Conclusion: In conclusion, in our series miliary TB presents most commonly in the third decade of life and is predominant among males. The
clinical features were similar to pulmonary tuberculosis. There was frequent association with derangements in liver function, electrolyte, and
hemoglobin. Hyperbilirubinemia was associated with signicantly increased the odds of mortality. Non-standardized treatment regimens were
associated with poorer outcome. Mortality rate in miliary TB was as high as 11.3% in our series.


The effect of drying techniques (ambient-drying and oven-drying) on the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of selected fruits (apple (Malus pumila, var. skysuper), plum (Prunus salicina, var. Fezele manani), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L, var. Nuri), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa var. Corona) and mulberry (Morus alba L, var. serrata) were studied. The antioxidant attributes of the fruits were evaluated following different colorimetric assays, while the composition of phenolic acids of the fresh fruits was analyzed by the reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The amounts of total phenolics (TP) were higher in mulberry samples followed by strawberry, plum, apple and apricot. The tested fruits exhibited appreciable radical scavenging capacity ranging from 58.7 to 82.2% and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation activity ranging from 61.8 to 86.1%. The RP-HPLC analysis of the fresh fruits revealed the presence of vanillic- (16.9), syringic- (12.7), p-coumaric- (2.30 to 47.5), ferulic- (0.9 to 32.9), sinapic- (3.10 to23.3), caffeic- (6.70-32.8), and gallic- (2.60 to 5.60) acids mg/kg of fresh fruit; p-coumaric acid being the most prominent component detected. The results of this study revealed that the amounts of TP and antioxidant activity of all the tested fruits, except those of apricot, decreased after drying treatment; relatively more pronounced decline was observed for the ambient-dried samples as against oven-drying. Therefore, it could be suggested that oven-drying at optimum temperature is comparatively a better means to dry and preserve fruits retaining maximum amounts of antioxidant compounds.

 Key words: Fruits, drying, DPPH scavenging, inhibition of per oxidation, phenolic acids, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).


The typical prosthetic ankle joints are either hinge type or single piece solid plate type [1]. These are cheap and robust; however, they have limitation in providing adequate stability (for hinge type), flexion and extension (for single plate type) to the prosthesis due to their construction. The advanced type of electronically controlled ankle joints are, therefore, very good at producing desired movement with enough stability, which are expensive. The proposed design of an ankle joint will enable the mechanical type of ankle joint overcoming the limitation of stability, flexion and extension within an affordable price. This will enhance the range of motion of the mechanical type of prosthesis without incorporating any expensive electronic devices into the ankle joint. Unlike to the typic al mechanical prosthesis, the new design will allow the prosthesis to bend forward and backward to any desired angle with enough stability. In addition to this, the proposed design will enable the prosthesis absorbing more shocks than any other type of ankle joints available in the market. A spring based ankle joint will make the prosthesis imitating the movement of the biological limb closely further.


The functional genomics of silkworm,Bombyx mori has become the research hotspot after the genomic project of the silkworm was successfully completed.Since mutants may play important roles in functional genomics research,obtaining a large of mutant strains with manually induced mutations is a very important strategy.Some mutants such as non-diapausing red eggs,long tube-shaped cocoons,small cocoons,sericin cocoons,flossy cocoons,lethal mutants and no adult wing hairs mutants were screened and obtained in this study via inducing standard strain of silkworm C108 with chemical mutagens including ENU,MNU,DES,5-BU and EMS.We found that MNU and DES were more efficient than other mutagens.Injecting wing disc of silkworm was more convenient and effective method than injecting abdomen.Mutations could be more efficiently induced by chemical mutagens in male than in female.Injecting pupa and adult were both feasible.Most of the mutants mentioned above were lethal mutations,which may be associated with lethal genes.This study also provided effective materials for screening more mutants of the target genes in silkworm by TILLING technology.