The invention relates to a process for producing a fiber composite component, wherein a in a mold (1) which is introduced semifinished fiber (6) is injected with a matrix resin. This method is characterized by the steps of: a.) disposing of injection channels (3) for linear injection of the fiber semi-finished product (6) with the matrix resin such that the fiber semi-finished product (6) by the arrangement of injection channels (3) is divided into a plurality (of portions 5), b.) determining an injection pressure for injecting the matrix resin as a function of a volume of at least one partial area (5) and of a predetermined error tolerance volume, which describes a tolerable ungetranktes residual volume of the portion (5) after the injection of the matrix resin, and c.) injection of the matrix resin by means of injection channels (3) in the semifinished fiber (6) with the detected injection pressure.


Daluga (Cyrtosperma merkusii) found naturally growing at some sites inside Siau Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This plant is an aroid, known as giant swamp taro, and its corm is edible. Very little information known about the plant and corm, and none for its starch. The tendency surfaced is that the plant has been abandoned despite of the corm potency may serve as food source. The same practices also happened around the islands on the same region: even the statistics shown that daluga is excluded from both food expenditure and food crops consideration (BPS 2013). For that reason, this research mainly focus on the study of daluga corm starch that has never been studied or reported before. The major findings are starch yield, chemical composition, and granules morphology studied from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The data shows that daluga starch is unimodal with average size of 12.50 μm and crystalline type A. The average starch yield is 14.70%, and has medium to low amylose content that shall give good mouthfeel taste. These findings shall possibly support more research and utilization of daluga starch, improving people's knowledge about it, thus it will benefit researchers or islands communities in the future, as it is a natural resource of food found on these islands of Indonesia.


Transport execution influences directly the operational performance of distributed production systems. In order to attain efficiency, many decisions have to be taken, such as, (i) the choice of best route which minimizes travelling distance, (ii) the definition of proper scheduling, which improves the displacement timing, and (iii) the selection of transportation mode. Transport routing and scheduling present stochastic characteristics which can be described as functions of probability. In the recent literature, it has been suggested that complex stochastic problems can be solved using simulation-based optimization approaches (SBO). SBO combines the power of optimization heuristics with the advantages of simulation models which can evaluate the effect of parameter changes even on very complex systems. Since it is capable of capturing the relationships and interactions among various entities and subsequently identifying a good design or solution, SBO might represent a powerful support to decision-making in complex and stochastic situations such as transport routing and scheduling in distributed production systems. Furthermore, transport systems are highly dynamic, which have to adapt permanently to a variety of oscillations such as unpredictable demand, urgent requests of high priority, or disturbances such as vehicle crashes. On the technological frontier, the availability of system state data is facilitated by the introduction of cyber-physical systems and industry 4.0 concepts and technologies. Thereof, a new approach that employs the newly available data, enabling real-time revision of transport routing and scheduling as operations take place, embodies a research opportunity with potential practical impact. This paper aims to report the state of the art regarding SBO approaches applied to vehicle routing and scheduling problems with pick-up and delivery (VRPPD). The paper substantiate the relevance of developing new approaches for vehicle routing and scheduling along distributed manufacturing supply chains, which embrace the new possibilities created by the widespread employment of cyber-physical systems.


The use of sensor technologies for material characterization is rapidly growing and innovative advancement is observed. However, the use of sensor combinations for a raw material characterization in mining is very limited and automation of the material identification process using a combined sensor signal is not defined. Potential sensor technologies for raw material characterization were evaluated based on the applicability and technological maturity. To ensure a rapid implementation of the Real-time mining (RTM) project concept, mature technologies such as Red Green Blue (RGB) imaging, Visible Near Infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging, Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman were selected. Each selected technology was assessed for automation in sensing and applicability (for characterization of the test case materials). Based on the results the sensor data were further considered for data fusion. The proposed sensor combinations approach encompasses three levels of data fusion: low-level, mid-level and high-level. The data of the different sensors are fused together in order to acquire a wide range of mineral properties within each lithotype and an improved classification and predictive models. The preferred level of data fusion and preferred sensor data combinations will be used to develop a multi-variate statistical interpretation rule which relates combination of sensors signals with raw material properties. Thus a tool which integrates the combined sensor signal with materials properties will be developed and used to automate the material characterization process.


The analysis of well test data in multilayer reservoirs is usually a challenging problem due to the complexity of interlayer flow within reservoir; these problems are as a result of insufficient data from unique layer flow into the wellbore. Also, these kinds of tests often could not be interpreted during shut-in period. The analyzer which is used for this kind of analysis should be verified first, to achieve this purpose some attempts are made and finally the best method is provided. In this study; a numerical simulation model is used to design synthetic models of multilayer reservoirs, and a methodology is developed to get individual layer rate versus time. The output of the model is then exported to an analytical well test analyzer, Ecrin, and the tests are analyzed as actual data. Different scenarios for testing layered reservoirs are examined to get the least errors. It was found that in order to get the right reservoir parameters it is necessary to define some efficacy coefficients, then, the well test data of a well in South Pars field were analyzed and the individual layer parameters and reservoir heterogeneity were obtained. Finally some suggestions and conclusions are made to make a complete analysis and simulating multi-layer reservoirs and a method is specified to affect the unique layer rates on analysis to have better results. Using this methodology one can evaluate productivity of wells in less time and there will be less necessity for reservoir numerical simulation.


Every manipulator exhibits a discrete resolution in its joint actuation due to the use of angular encoders as the sensing device for joint actuation. Hence, one obtains a manipulator that is limited to movement within discrete positions in its reachable workspace. This corresponds to the fact that the absolute accuracy of the end effector depends on the resolution of the actuated joints. In this work we present a thorough analysis of this discretization process and its mathematical foundations for a two-link planar manipulator. We show how to compute an underlying accuracy function for the end effector position of arbitrary two-link manipulators. This allows us to formulate a metric to compare possible variations of these robots in terms of end effector precision. Despite the simplicity of our robot model, a two-link planar robot, we obtain viable results as the two-link mechanism is widely applied in so called SCARA's. We therefore demonstrate our analysis to selected industrial SCARA type robots.


In Zumwald et al. (2020), an error was published on page 3, under Section 2. Furthermore, it has been noted that the assessment of the level of uncertainty itself can be subject to substantial uncertainty (for this second-order uncertainty see Knüsel, Baumberger, Marius, Bresch, & Knutti, 2020; Parker, 2014; Steel, 2016). The reference citation should have read: ... (for this second-order uncertainty see Knüsel, Baumberger, Zumwald, Bresch, & Knutti, 2020; Parker, 2014; Steel, 2016). The online version has been corrected. We apologize for the error.


This article describes the process and the method of installment and debugging of GIS on the basis of actual cases.


In this paper, an enhanced transfer-delay frequency-locked loop (ETD-FLL) is proposed to achieve grid synchronization for single-phase grids. Applying two transferdelay units, a mathematic model is established to describe the integrated grid voltage in a linear regression form. Based on the proposed model, the ETD-FLL is proposed to estimate the frequency and phase angle. The proposed method has fast dynamics due to its TD-based structure. In addition, the usage of the integrator enhances the harmonic immunity of the proposed method. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed ETD-FLL has good performance in terms of dynamics and harmonic immunity.


Agreement for the Application of Safeguards in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Vienna, 6 September 1976


Prior studies suggest that neuroblastomas that do not accumulate metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) on diagnostic imaging (MIBG non‐avid) may have more favorable features compared with MIBG avid tumors. We compared clinical features, biologic features, and clinical outcomes between patients with MIBG nonavid and MIBG avid neuroblastoma.


Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction is one of the main reactions that can be used to reduce greenhouse gases emissions. Through this reaction CO2 is converted to CO to produce beneficial chemicals such as methanol. In this paper Mo-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared and then promoted with Fe ions through co-impregnation method to produce Fe-Mo-Al2O3 catalyst. XRD tests were taken to determine the structure of the catalysts. Activity, selectivity and stability of both catalysts were investigated in a batch reactor and the results indicate that addition of Fe promoter to Mo-Al2O3 catalyst increased its activity and CO selectivity. Fe-Mo-Al2O3 showed acceptable catalytic stability during RWGS reaction. As a whole, Fe-Mo-Al2O3 can be a suitable candidate for RWGS reaction in CAMERE (carbon dioxide hydrogenation to form methanol via a reverse-water-gas-shift reaction) process.


Determination of Relationships Between Drought Resistance Parameters and Irrigation Regimes In Prunus mahaleb L. Rootstocks I. Kursat OZYURT 1*             Yasar AKCA 2           Oguzhan AYDIN 3 1 Dr. Middle Black Sea Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey. 2 Prof.Dr. Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Departman of Horticulture Turkey. 3 Zir. Yuk. Muh. Middle Black Sea Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey. Abstract : In this study, the relationships between different irrigation regimes and drought resistance parameters were investigated in Prunus mahaleb L.  Three Prunus mahaleb L. rootstocks genotypes with high rooting capacity and SL 64 clonal rootstock were used. Four different irrigation regimes were applied (I 1 = completing water deficient to field capacity, I 2 = 70% of I 1 application, I 3 = 40% of I 1 application, I 4 = 10% of I 1 application) in drought tests. We found significant positive important relationships (correlation coefficient) between increased irrigation regimes and leaf area (0.606), plant length (0.585), plant diameter (0.584), chlorophyll a (0.485), chlorophyll b (0.613), total chlorophyll (0.532), pH (0.415), stomata diameter (0.558), stomata length (0.538), stomata number (0.856).  It is found negative significant relationships between increased irrigation regimes and abscisic acid content (-0.344) and it is calculated insignificant relationships total sugar (-0.064) and total starch (0.008). Keywords: Drought stress, Correlation coefficient, Abscisic acid, Stoma [*] Corresponding author: e-mail


The vibrationally resolved pyrene fluorescence probe method was once popular but now languished, because the vibrationally resolved patterns of pyrene with limited sensitivity and concentration independence have not been updated for over 50 years. During our investigation on the polymer interdiffusion of a latex film, we found a pyrene acylhydrazone whose vibrationally resolved fluorescence pattern contradictory to those reported in pyrene and most pyrene derivatives. The pyrene acylhydrazone has sensitive concentration- and polarity-dependent fluorescence spectra (the sensitivity on polarity is at most 26 times higher than the old vibrationally resolved patterns), and the sensitivity well remains when it is copolymerized in a polymer. The vibrationally resolved spectrum of this pyrene acylhydrazone is a powerful fluorescence probe, which would be as useful as the pyrene excimer probe nowadays popular. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This article outlines a human rights framework for analyzing violent internal conflict, "translating" social-scientific findings on conflict risk factors into human rights language. It is argued that discrimination and violations of social and economic rights function as underlying causes of conflict, creating the deep grievances and group identities that may, under some circumstances, motivate collective violence. Violations of civil and political rights, by contrast, are more clearly identifiable as direct conflict triggers. Abuse of personal integrity rights is associated with escalation, and intermediately repressive regimes appear to be most at risk. Denial of political participation rights is associated with internal conflict because full democracies experience less conflict. Yet democratization itself is dangerous, since regime transition is also a major conflict risk factor.


Projections to the lateral diencephalon from the dorsal column nuclei (DCN), lateral cervical n. (LCN), and spinal cord (ST) in cats and monkeys, and from the spinal portion of the trigeminal n. (sTN) in the cat were compared using a double‐orthograde labeling strategy. This strategy combines autoradiographic and degeneration tracing methods in the same animal and permits direct comparisons of the terminal labeling patterns of two different pathways in each experiment.


The teachings of Islam are derived primarily from the divine revelation of the Qur'an and the Sunnah. In Islam, divine revelation is immune from any deficiencies and weaknesses. Up to now, there are segments in Muslim society which doubts the perfection of the divine revelation from any manipulation. This is proven with the emergence of anti-Hadith groups which rejected the Sunnah as the source of Islamic teachings. Therefore, the concept of preservation of divine revelation is particularly relevant for further discussion. In doing so, the method of content analysis of classical as well as contemporary references is applied. The findings have affirmed the existence of clear textual evidence affirming the preservation of divine revelation. Apart from that, three principles have also been identified as essential for every Muslim to correctly understand this concept.


Ecological research is expected to provide a scientific basis on which environmental management decisions can be taken. Environmental education is seen as raising environmental awareness among human populations and as a provider of the knowledge, values, attitudes and skills needed to protect the environment. This article proposes that in the context of developing countries such as Mexico, one role for environmental education is to facilitate the utilisation of ecological information in the solution of problems. In order to outline how this can work in practice, a case study is used to outline the role of environmental education as the linkage between science (its institutions, actors and products) and different sectors of society involved in the management of ecosystems, their resources and the services they provide.


To clarify the factors of recent population change in depopulated rural settlements of Japan, this paper first defines 1, 301 marginal remote villages from all agricultural settlements listed in the 1970 agricultural census, in the snowy area of 8 prefectures of Tohoku and Hokuriku districts. Second, it reveals some characteristics of the changing tendency in number of households during the 1970s and their general factors by using the methodology of Hayashi's quantum theory I and Automatic Interaction Detector (AID) . Two groups of particular settlements, that have largest plus or minus values of residuals about the estimation of households number by quantum theory I are then classified as "surviving group" and "declining group" respectively. Finally, factors that effect the formation of large residuals of particular settlements are analyzed. As a consequence, following findings are obtained.Snow depth and the number of days of social isolation with snow strongly affected households' increase/decrease status of marginal mountain villages belonging to the snowy area during the 1970s. Moreover, economic conditions related to family farm management and labor for non-agricultural sector, and location of villages in relation with the accessibility for regional facilities are also found to be important factors.Agricultural and transportational conditions are frequently mentioned as the reason of peculiar increase/decrease status of large residual villages by municipal officials answered to a postal inquiry. In "surviving group", a subjective factor namely a solidity of unity and cooperation in a community is most frequently pointed out. Implementation of regional or tourist development is also frequently suggested as a concrete factor of the peculiarity of "surviving group".A large variance which may not be perfectly explained with a consideration of general factors is found in the trend of marginal mountain villages in the snowy area. The variance may reflect some subjective factors of village inhabitants. Possibilities of successful survival of marginal villages should remain within this range of the variance.


The magnitude of hypertensive patient not continuing treatment is not well documented. But it is assumed that it could be worse and thereby would contribute significantly to mortality and morbidity. A study can produce awareness among all level of medical practitioners regarding the factors underlying defaulting on anti hypertensive treatment. To find out the factors underlying being defaulter of antihypertensive treatment and making future recommendation for remedy - were the main objectives of the present study It was a cross sectional study which was carried out in medical indoor & out patient department of Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, (SSMC & MH) Dhaka on 100 patients selected by purposive sampling who were defaulters of anti hypertensive treatment. The main causes of becoming defaulters were lack of knowledge and misconception (40%) and financial constrain (32%). The complications of defaulters of antihypertensive treatment were enormous. Most of the patients (80%) suffered from major target organ damage like Stroke/TIA (35%), LVH/LVF/IHD (15%), Retinopathy (12%), Nephropathy (5%) and more than one organ damage (13%). Awareness both of physicians and public about hypertension and proper counseling with education and information about hypertension, rational use of medication and regular follow up will be helpful to avoid morbid complication. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i3.18670 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2011 Vol.40(3):24-27


Industrial control network systems are popularly used in national infrastructure, such as metallurgy, coal, electric power, petrochemical, nuclear energy, aviation, railway, water treatment, Metro et.al. There are many characteristics in these networks, such as multi-network layers(device net, control net and manager net), multi-type network links(online/wireless link, local/remote link, long time/temporary link), multi-type link devices(intelligent instrument, computers of process control system, computers of management execution system) and multi-level users(operational workers in practice, harddevice engineer, soft ware engineer, official manager staff). How to effective protect such network system has been a focus in information security domain. In this paper, we analyze the technologies of information security and intrusion prevention for industrial control network system. How to develop artificial intelligence based on-line adaptive intrusion prevention model is the further research direction. Then, the on-line ensemble modeling technology is reviewed. Finally, the research problem about how to integrate on-line ensemble leaning with industry control network intrusion prevention system is presented.


The objective was to help participants understand that HIV infection has no unique or distinct symptoms. Ask: How can you tell whether a person is infected with HIV? What if any are the symptoms? Allow answers to emerge and record them on a flip chart sheet. Explain: There are no distinct symptoms that are unique to HIV infection. However 70 percent of infected people go through a brief period of flu-like illness anywhere between two and eight weeks after HIV infection. The illness goes away by itself. Ask: When should a person consider going for an HIV test with counseling (known as VCT or Voluntary Counseling and Testing)? Allow participants to express their opinions. Explain: If a person has recently been in a high-risk situation (such as unprotected sexual intercourse with a person of unknown HIV status an injection from an improperly sterilized syringe or a transfusion of untested blood or blood products) then that person should consider going for VCT whether or not that person has had a flu-like illness. (excerpt)


Today we celebrate the 25th anniversary of these peaceful revolutions. What is left of Solidarity? What is still important? How did it evolve and how did it contribute to the collapse of the old system, and to the building of the new?


The purpose of this study is to apply the attribute hierarchy method in an operational diagnostic mathematics program at Grades 3 and 6 to promote cognitive inferences about students' problem-solving skills. The attribute hierarchy method is a psychometric procedure for classifying examinees' test item responses into a set of structured attribute patterns associated with a cognitive model. Principled test design procedures were used to design the exam and evaluate the student response data. To begin, cognitive models were created by content specialists outlining the knowledge and skills required to solve mathematical tasks in Grades 3 and 6. Then, items were written specifically to measure the skills in the cognitive models. Finally, confirmatory psychometric analyses were used to evaluate the student response data by estimating model-data fit, attribute probabilities for diagnostic score reporting, and attribute reliabilities. Future directions for score reporting and adaptive diagnostic testing are discussed.


Any explanation of German history between the failed Revolution of 1848/1849 and the successful establishment in 1949 of a stable democratic state in the west of Germany has to tell us why Germans failed to create a liberal democracy peacefully and on their own. The Weimar and the Bonn republics followed total defeat of the previous regimes in war. The intellectual historian Leonard Krieger in 1957 saw at the core of "the German problem" "the German idea of freedom": A peculiarly German attitude toward liberty took shape in the nineteenth century when the conservative supporters of the traditional monarchical and aristocratic authorities separated the ideal of national unification they advocated from the ideals of government by consent advocated by liberals. Not liberty but "nationalism became a definite political force internally allied with the authoritarian state." More recently, Hans-Ulrich Wehler sketched the antiabsolutist agenda of German liberals around 1800, including freedom of the press, equality before the law, and political participation for those citizens qualified by property holding and education. That noble program, he concluded, remained but a "grandiose utopia" because the socioeconomic and religious power structures were stronger, especially after the terror phase of the French Revolution, than the liberal forces of change. Enlightened absolutist rulers granted enough reforms to head off revolution. National consolidation and self-assertion by the German-speaking center of Europe was the stronger, more fun-


The objective of this research is to improve adsorption efficiency of adsorbent made from MSWI (Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator) ny ash by activation. The acidity and the basicity were determined by Boehm's method and the surface structure was studied by BET method with N2 adsorption. The adsorption properties were investigated with benzene and MEK (Methylethylketone). activation can modify the surface property of an adsorbent such as specific surface area, pore volume, and functional group. According to the results, the specific surface area of the adsorbent was increased from by activation. Also oxygen-containing functional groups were formed on it.


Vocabulary is one of the crucial things in language learning. Wilkins (1972, pp. 111112) said that "... while without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed." However, the great number of vocabulary items makes it hard to be learned. Fortunately, there are vocabulary learning strategies that can make the learning of vocabulary become feasible and easier. Here, this study examined how the lecturers in a Faculty of Language and Literature (FLL) deal with vocabulary teaching and the strategies in non-vocabulary classes, which could be called as incidental vocabulary learning, in which the vocabulary being learned is a by-product of learning other skills. The purpose of this study is to help the lecturers discover deeper about how they could implicitly tell the vocabulary learning strategies to the freshmen, and help the students enrich their vocabulary effectively. To this end, four lecturers of FLL, one of each English skill courses (i.e., speaking, reading, writing, and listening), were selected by using convenience and quota sampling. To obtain the data, this study employed a semi-structured interview. Next, the findings were analyzed based on Nation's (2008) four strands of planning vocabulary teaching, which are meaning-focused input, meaning-focused output, language-focused learning, and fluency development. The result of the analysis showed that lecturers had actually incorporated incidental vocabulary learning into their classes based on Nation's (2008) four strands. This study also discussed the pedagogical implications of the findings.


What is the topic of this review? Brown fat's role in meal‐associated thermogenesis and the related consequences for energy balance regulation with a focus on the gut hormone secretin, which has been identified as the endocrine molecular mediator of meal‐associated brown fat thermogenesis. What advances does it highlight? The finding of the secretin‐induced gut–brown fat–brain axis creates new opportunities to manipulate brown fat and thereby energy balance in a natural way while living in a thermoneutral environment. The role of brown fat as a mere catabolic heater organ needs to be revised and more attention should be directed towards the regulatory role of brown fat beyond energy expenditure.


Abstract This essay submits David Foster Wallace's major work Infinite Jest, famous for its vehement critique of postmodern culture, to a thoroughly dialectical method of analysis. In contrast to many previous studies of Wallace's novel, a dialectical approach conceives of postmodernism not as a 'style' of writing available among others to an individual author like Wallace but as a socio-cultural dominant to which the text is indissolubly and actively connected. The essay attempts such a 'totalizing' reading of Infinite Jest and an assessment of the text's difference from postmodernism by moving through two distinct horizons of historicizing interpretation. First, the analysis aims to demonstrate that on the level of content the text is governed by a semantic opposition between freedom and value that can be read in terms of the novel's structuring ideological system. Second, on the level of form, Infinite Jest is analyzed in terms of a formal conflict between postmodern spatiality and a latent utopian impulse mediated by the novel's incorporation of science fiction elements.


The Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings have a special natural environment on the Earth.Its surface changes,special ecological environment and impact on the climate make this region become an international research focus and a key area for geography,resources and environmental science,ecology and other disciplines.This paper,taking the internationally renowned database of ISI Web of Science as the data source,collects the international research literatures related to the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings and their reference citation.Through bibliometric methods,this paper analyzes the present and the development of the research on the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings from multiple angles,including countries,time distribution,research institutions,authors,journals,cooperative countries,and cooperative institutions.The paper gives a summary of the research characteristics on the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings in recent years.


The negative-resistance circuit of Nagata has the one defect that the range of voltage and current over which the negative-resistance region extends decreases significantly as temperature increases. The arrangement used in the differential amplifier is suggested here to eliminate this effect. Results obtained with such modification are presented.


Our country has entered the aging society.It is very important to promote the providing for the aged to transform from survival type to cultural type and cultivate qualified entrepreneurial team of service for the aged.Combined with the entrepreneurial team construction of housekeeping teaching center in Qiqihaer engineering college,this paper analyzes and discusses the cultivation content and method of entrepreneurial team of service for the aged.


Significance Understanding the principles underlying microbial growth is paramount to the cycle of carbon and nutrients in the biosphere, bioremediation technologies, and biochemical engineering, as well as to natural selection and evolution. Yet, fundamental questions remain on the links between mass and energy balances in microbial metabolism and growth. Guided by a nonequilibrium thermodynamics framework, we interpret extensive literature data on microbial growth. The analysis reveals how mass and energy conversion are tightly coupled by scaling laws relating the thermodynamic efficiency to the electron donor uptake rate and the growth yield. Most importantly, these results appear to be universal, in that they apply across microbial species and metabolic pathways, and pave the way for a general thermodynamic theory of microbiological systems. Microbial growth is a clear example of organization and structure arising in nonequilibrium conditions. Due to the complexity of the microbial metabolic network, elucidating the fundamental principles governing microbial growth remains a challenge. Here, we present a systematic analysis of microbial growth thermodynamics, leveraging an extensive dataset on energy-limited monoculture growth. A consistent thermodynamic framework based on reaction stoichiometry allows us to quantify how much of the available energy microbes can efficiently convert into new biomass while dissipating the remaining energy into the environment and producing entropy. We show that dissipation mechanisms can be linked to the electron donor uptake rate, a fact leading to the central result that the thermodynamic efficiency is related to the electron donor uptake rate by the scaling law η∝μED−1/2 and to the growth yield by η∝Y4/5. These findings allow us to rederive the Pirt equation from a thermodynamic perspective, providing a means to compute its coefficients, as well as a deeper understanding of the relationship between growth rate and yield. Our results provide rather general insights into the relation between mass and energy conversion in microbial growth with potentially wide application, especially in ecology and biotechnology.


Smart home can apply new internet of things concepts along cloud service technologies. This paper introduces a novel method for smart home system building. The system is driven by use case and it is composed of home control center, zigbee end devices, smart phone applications and cloud server. The home control center is based on arm-linux embedded system, it is the relay of cloud server and home devices. Wireless network of smart home devices was designed according to zigbee. A smart phone application was developed as the role of the user interface.


Limited studies exist in the literature on OD related travel patterns, and the analysis of same demands rich database of OD matrices with appropriate clustering algorithms. The OD matrices representing different travel patterns are generally multi-density high dimensional data points. To identify different clusters, we need appropriate proximity measures and clustering algorithms. This paper develops a comprehensive methodological framework to explore latent travel patterns from multi-density high dimensional OD matrices estimate typical OD matrices corresponding to those patterns. The main takeaways of the study are as follows: first to cluster high-dimensional OD matrices we deploy geographical window based structural similarity index (GSSI) as structural proximity measure in the DBSCAN algorithm; second to address the issue of multi-density data points, we propose clustering on individual subspaces; third, we propose a simple two-level approach to identify optimum DBSCAN parameters, and finally, we identify OD matrix clusters, typical travel patterns and estimate typical OD matrices for the study region. The proposed framework is applied on real Bluetooth based OD (B-OD) matrices from Brisbane City Council (BCC) region and we have found nine typical OD matrices corresponding to nine typical travel patterns. Although the study demonstrated the application using B-OD matrices it is applicable for OD matrices developed from other data sources such as Mobile Phone and smartcard etc. The knowledge of travel patterns and typical OD matrices has many practical applications such as assisting transport modellers in simulating realistic traffic conditions and policy makers in making effective and rational policy developments.


For advancing the development of ice-snow sports and further exploring its strategy to enlighten the supporting policies' establishment of actual ice-snow sports industry,it's necessary to analyze the correlative policy framework.The paper's research results show that for constructing the policy framework,it needs firstly to definitude its connotation,including start point,foundation and orientation,and to confirm its right effect;in design,it also needs to rely on the core policy of ice-snow sports industry's financing and internationalization from macroscopic view,to have the guidance of special support policy from microcosmic view,have a breakthrough by detailing the policies in practice.It suggests dealing with the construction from above three aspects,respectively holding each emphasis,revealing the policy effect on developing ice-snow sports industry,advancing the marketization of ice-snow sports industry.


Let S be a set of real numbers modulo 1 of Lebesgue measure less than 1. It is shown that for every e > 0 and for large k, there exist translates S + y. .-S + Yk of S such that the measure of their intersection is less than Ek. 1. Let U be the group of real numbers modulo 1, and S a subset of Lebesgue measure ui(S) 0 and k > 1, there exist sets S with ui(S) = a and 0(k)l/k > a -E. 2. Since ui(S) < 1, the set S is contained in a countable union of intervals whose total measure is less than 1. In fact, this is true even with intervals of the type a < x < b3 with rational endpoints a, b. Hence we may assume that S itself is a countable union of such intervals. Using the easily established relation /A 1u( ... * Y v z. + x7.. * vv z +x x(..***.vB(e.*<<.z) Received by the editors October 6, 1972 and, in revised form, January 11, 1974. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 10F40; Secondary 28-00, 43A05.


We present MOL Stream, a modular framework for rapid development and evaluation of P2P live streaming systems. MOL Stream allows P2P streaming protocols to be decomposed into basic blocks, each associated with a standard functional specification. By exposing structural commonalities between these components, MOL Stream enables specific implementations of these building blocks to be combined in order to devise, refine and evaluate new P2P live streaming protocols. Our approach offers several benefits. First, block encapsulation entails that more advanced individual components, e.g., the overlay, can seamlessly replace existing ones without affecting the rest of the system. As a case study, we show how MOL Stream can seamlessly substitute the overlay used by DONet/Coolstreaming, a popular P2P live streaming implementation, for an improved version. Second, MOL Stream facilitates the comparison between various protocols over local clusters or wide-area test beds such as Planet Lab. The combination of rapid prototyping and minimum effort valuation enables researchers and students to faster understand how various design choices at different levels impact the performance and scalability of the protocol, as shown through several examples in this paper. MOL Stream is written in Java and is freely available as an open-source project at https://sourceforge.net/projects/molstream/.


Web has evolved into a tool that is not only able to provide information but also to process information. Processing information by utilizing web technology turns web becoming dynamic information media. We could do many things by deploying web, such as building the Helpdesk Ticketing System for a company or institution. Every company has vision, mission, and also programs by utilizing the infrastructure that has been provided by the company. By using a Web-based Helpdesk Ticketing System, solving problems in a company will be faster, precise, accurate, and more effective. The development of a Web-based Helpdesk Ticketing System gives a better impact and efficient than manual monitoring. We use the usability method to test the user satisfaction level toward the system that has results 87.5%.  Keywords: Helpdesk, Ticketing System, Information System, Web.


A experimental set-up of a simple, low-cost, method to estimate the electron charge from the electric noise theory of a semiconductor junction is presented in this paper. The methodological approach allows to conclude that the experiment is useful as a teaching tool for modern university physics labs for the benefit of courses that employ electrical circuits developmental technologies, research in fundamental applied physics and teaching of the nature of electrical current in order to quantify the elementary charge.


The present invention relates to a surface etchant composition of a liquid crystal glass substrate, and more particularly to 20 to 60% by weight of a viscosity modifier selected from 0.5 to 15% by weight of fluorine-containing compound, phosphoric acid, glycols or glycerol based on the total weight of the entire composition. At least one inorganic acid selected from nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and perchloric acid 10 It relates to a liquid crystal glass substrate etching liquid composition containing water to 50% by weight and the total weight of the total composition to 100% by weight. Glass, etchant, LCD, fluorine ion, hydrofluoric acid, viscosity modifier, inorganic acid


A cell array biosensor was developed, composed of thousands of individual bacteria cells expressing a reporter gene that responds to the presence of environmental pollutants. The single cell array was produced by immobilizing the cells on an optical imaging fiber. A high-density array of microwells was fabricated on the optical imaging fiber's distal face by selectively etching the individual fibers cores. Each microwell was used to accommodate a single living bacterium, allowing simultaneous monitoring of the genetic responses of all the cells in the array. The optical imaging fiber cell array platform provides a powerful tool for the fabrication of whole cell biosensors for various environmental and industrial applications.


Your article about the chief executive who got the territorial army to organise an exercise programme for nurses made me smile (features July 5). I happen to think that we should try to set an example for our patients, however hard that may be at times. But trusts need to look at the broader picture. Too many, including mine, allow franchises on hospital premises to sell unhealthy fatty foods, fizzy drinks and sweets. Until everyone in health care, from the trusts down to individuals, are able to agree and act on the available and clear-cut guidelines, the message on a healthy lifestyle will remain mixed.


The paper studies optimal redistributive taxation when the government cannot commit the future policy. The framework used is one in which individuals can revise their consumption-savings decisions slightly more often than the government can change tax policy.


Artotheks, collections of works of art whose sole purpose is to be lent to the public, have existed in Norway since 1958/60. 7-8% of Norwegian public libraries developed rather small scale artothek-collections during the 60's and early 70's. After a period of decline and stagnation the activity was revitalized in 1983, through a pilot project based on the central organisation of acquisition, distribution, and circulation of original prints to six public libraries and hospital libraries, relieving them of all tasks except the actual lending routines. The culmination of this pilot project was the foundation of the Artothek Centre (Stiftelsen Artoteksentralen) in 1986. The Artothek Centre circulates small collections of prints to libraries throughout the country on a subscription basis, and has so far been a success. The prints are lent to the public free of charge.


Geopolymer concrete produced using 100% fly ash as the main binder is a sustainable construction material capable replacing Portland Cement (PC) concretes. At present PC production generates 5-7% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions world-wide, but it has been estimated that this can be reduced by 26-45% by replacing PC with geopolymer concrete. In order to be confident of the real world application of geopolymer concrete and the environmental benefits it can provide, in depth knowledge is required to ensure that the fly ash used will provide acceptable long term performance from the concrete produced. A series of geopolymer concrete specimens were prepared using four different fly ashes and tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and elasticity modulus up to one year. Microstructural development between 28 and 365 days in different geopolymers were assessed using state of the art techniques. The 365-day compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and elasticity modulus of four fly ash geopolymer concretes were ranged 28-88MPa, 3.9-6.3MPa, 1.8-4.7MPa and 10-29GPa, respectively. Compressive strength variation is attributed to degree of reactivity of the fly ash, which is primarily governed by the quantity of finer particles in the reactive amorphous phase and sodium-aluminosilicate (N-A-S-H) gel formation. The CaO in fly ash also reacts with alkali to produce calcium-aluminosilicate (C-A-S-H) gel which provides additional strength to the concrete. The tensile strength of geopolymer concrete is governed by the gel-aggregate bond strength. Micro-cracks formed in the concrete due to high temperature curing can negatively affect the gel-aggregate bond strength. Moreover, larger crack widths lead to discontinuity and hence the formation of a less dense microstructure. This results in lower density and elasticity modulus for geopolymer concrete.


Abstract This paper begins with a summary of W. Ronald D. Fairbairn's object relations theory, with particular focus on his ideas of how paternal objects are internalized alongside maternal objects. A case is then presented of a three-year-old boy who experienced deprivation and frustration from both his mother and father, thus initiating the internalization of bad paternal and maternal objects. Assessment and implications for treatment are then discussed using Fairbairn's model as an organizing framework for developing goals and interventions, and monitoring treatment progress.


In Malaysia, the demand for energy continues to grow, while supplies remain
constant (at best) and cost increases. The cost of increasing the energy supply in
Malaysia is significant in such areas as construction of added electrical generation
capacity, the cost of source energy materials, and the cost of transporting energy
materials. By curbing the use of energy, the impact of increasing demand can be
delayed. Furthermore, the reduction of energy use will counter the increasing cost
per unit.
There is a great potential for reducing the cost of electrical energy usage through
introduction and application of Energy Management and Control System (EMCS).
The EMCS consists of instrumentation control devices for data collection,
monitoring and analyzing, and personal computers for automatic control system,
which is primarily used to control the electrical demand of the user. The increasing
use of internet application in information technology has given the option for this system to be developed for being connected to the internet. Internet and web based
application are the current features available in this system.


Objective To investigate the effects of thermotherapy combined pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutination pilus strain (PA-MSHA) on proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC97L with metastatic potential.Methods PA-MSHA (1 × 10n/L) was added 2 h before thermotherapy.Chemicals were not given in the thermotherapy group,and chemicals and thermotherapy were omitted in the control group.Proliferation,growth curve and plate efficiency were observed.Flow cytometry was used to examine the cell cycle.Transwell invasion assay and cell motility assay were used to assay the invasion and molity of MHCC97L cells.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) protein expression in MHCC97L cells after thermotherapy was detected.Results PA-MSHA reversed thermotherapy-augmented proliferation of MHCC97L cells.Compared to the control group,the proliferation of MHCC97L cells was significantly decreased after thermotherapy combined with PA-MSHA (P < 0.01).The inhibition ratio reached the maximum at 48 h after thermotherapy up to 42.3%,and the doubling time increased by 1.68 times.The plate efficiency of the same number of cells at 48 h and 96 h after thermotherapy combined with PA-MSHA was decreased (P < 0.01).Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the ratio of G1 phase was increased and that of S + G2 phase decreased 48 h after thermotherapy combined with PA-MSHA (P < 0.01).The ratio of G1 phase S + G2 phase showed no obvious difference 96 h after thermotherapy combined with PA-MSHA (P > 0.05).The average amount of invading cells per field in cell invasion assay and motility assay of the same number of cells at 48 h and 96 h after thermotherapy combined with PA-MSHA was significantly less than single thermotherapy group (P < 0.01).Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay showed no remarkable difference was found regarding the expression of VEGF and MMP-2 in supematant of the same number of cells culture between thermotherapy combined with PA-MSHA group and single thermotherapy group (P > 0.05).Conclusion PA-MSHA suppressed thermotherapy-augmented proliferation of MHCC97L cells,which was in part mediated by inhibiting DNA synthesis and mitosis of the cells; further inhibiting the invasion in vitro post-thermotherapy (42℃),which was unrelated to the VEGF and MMP-2 protein expression.

Key words:
Carcinoma, hepatocellular;  Thermotherapy;  Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutination pilus strain;  Vascular endothelial growth factor;  Matrix metalloproteinase-2


We consider stochastic finite-horizon inventory models with discrete distributions that are incompletely specified by selected moments, percentiles, or a combination of moments and percentiles. The objective is to determine an inventory policy that minimizes the maximum expected cost over the class of demand distributions satisfying the specifications described above. We show that many inventory models of this form can be solved by a sequence of linear programs.


Introduction The South African National Department of Health sought to improve syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Continuing medical education on STIs was delivered at primary healthcare (PHC) clinics using one of three training methods: (1) lecture, (2) computer and (3) paper-based. Clinics with training were compared with control clinics. Methods Ten PHC clinics were randomly assigned to control and 10 to each training method arm. Clinicians participated in on-site training on six modules; two per week for three weeks. Each clinic was visited by three or four unannounced standardised patient (SP) actors pre-training and post-training. Male SPs reported symptoms of male urethritis syndrome and female SPs reported symptoms of vaginal discharge syndrome. Quality of healthcare was measured by whether or not clinicians completed five tasks: HIV test, genital exam, correct medications, condoms and partner notification. Results An average of 31% of clinicians from each PHC attended each module. Quality of STI care was low. Pre-training (n=128) clinicians completed an average of 1.63 tasks. Post-training (n=114) they completed 1.73. There was no change in the number of STI tasks completed in the control arm and an 11% increase overall in the training arms relative to the control (ratio of relative risk (RRR)=1.11, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.84). Across training arms, there was a 26% increase (RRR=1.26, 95% CI 0.77 to 2.06) associated with lecture, 17% increase (RRR=1.17, 95% CI 0.59 to 2.28) with paper-based and 13% decrease (RRR=0.87, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.90) with computer arm relative to the control. Conclusions Future interventions should address increasing training attendance and computer-based training effectiveness. Trial registration number AEARCTR-0000668.


Any successful effort to reform democracies must look beyond conventional institutions to
succeed, writes Douglas A. Chalmers in Reforming Democracies. In his examination of six
aspects of political practice relating to the people being represented, the structure of those
who make law and policy, and the links between those structures and the people, Chalmers'
work has the potential to inspire a movement from discussion to action on democratic reform,
concludes Matt Wargent.


General circulation models (GCMs) predict that the global hydrological cycle will change in response to anthropogenic warming. However, these predictions remain uncertain, in particular, for precipitation (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004). Held and Soden (2006, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3990.1) suggest that as lower tropospheric water vapor concentration increases in a warming climate, the atmospheric circulation and convective mass fluxes will weaken. Unfortunately, this process is difficult to constrain, as convective mass fluxes are poorly observed and incompletely simulated in GCMs. Here we demonstrate that stable hydrogen isotope ratios in tropical atmospheric water vapor can trace changes in temperature, atmospheric circulation, and convective mass flux in a warming world. We evaluate changes in temperature, the distribution of water vapor, vertical velocity (ω), advection, and water isotopes in vapor (δDV). Using water isotope‐enabled GCM experiments for modern versus high‐CO2 atmospheres, we identify spatial patterns of circulation change over the tropical Pacific. We find that slowing circulation in the tropical Pacific moistens the lower troposphere and weakens convective mass flux, both of which impact the δD of water vapor in the midtroposphere. Our findings constitute a critical demonstration of how water isotope ratios in the tropical Pacific respond to changes in radiative forcing and atmospheric warming. Moreover, as changes in δDV can be observed by satellites, our results develop new metrics for the detection of global warming impacts to the hydrological cycle and, specifically, the strength of the Walker circulation.


We report the case of a 61-year-old patient with a history of prostate cancer affected by bone metastasis. He presented to our attention for ulcerous and necrotic cutaneous lesions unresponsive to antibiotics. The spread of cutaneous lesions and the onset of neurological symptoms suggested a cryptococcal disease, which was confirmed by lumbar puncture and cutaneous biopsy. We present the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to this case.


This paper bringforths the concept of space time block codes for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA). Wireless communication networks are rapidly driven to meet the requirements interms of spectral/power efficiency. NOMA serves as promising technology in meeting these requirements by means of breaking orthogonality and serving all the users in same time/frequency domain by only differing in their power levels. In this paper, NOMA is combained with MIMO signal processing technique is proposed to improve the quality of the received signal. This paper compares the Bit Error Performance (BER) of two user NOMA system in existence of STBC and in devoid of STBC over Rayleigh fading channel. The simulation results show that the proposed system could give improved BER performance for the data stream multiplexed along with the main stream data even with imperfect Channel State Information.


Interaction between anthropology and biblical scholarship began because of perceived similarities between "simpler" societies and the practices and ideas seen in the Bible. After some disengagement in the first half of the twentieth century, new cross-disciplinary possibilities were envisioned as the structuralist approach emerged in anthropology. Ritual and mythology were major topics that received attention and structuralist methods were partially adopted by some biblical scholars. Anthropological research itself extended to complex societies and also affected historical studies, yielding models of inquiry that engaged a range of disciplines. Among the issues explored in this essay are ritual and notions of purity in the Bible, and the place of literacy in Israelite society and culture. These discussions are followed by three examples of structuralist-inspired analysis that partially take into account historical and literacy-based facets of the Bible.


In equalization and deconvolution tasks, the correlated nature of the input signal slows the convergence speeds of the least-mean-square (LMS) and other stochastic gradient adaptive lters. Prewhitening techniques have been proposed to improve convergence performance, but the additional coe cient memory and updates for the prewhitening lter can be prohibitive in some applications. In this report, we present two simple algorithms that employ the equalizer as a prewhitening lter within the gradient updates. A statistical analysis of these self-whitening algorithms indicates that they provide quasi-Newton convergence locally about the optimum coe cient solution for deconvolution and equalization tasks. Simulations indicate that the algorithms have excellent adaptation properties both for supervised and unsupervised (blind) adaptation criteria. Extensions of the techniques to multichannel deconvolution and equalization tasks are also described. 2


The influence of pH, apart from the case of amines discussed in Part II,1 and geometrical factors on the inhibition thresholds for mild steel in non-acid aqueous solutions containing dissolved air, are described. Modifying the standard corrosion tests by partial or complete removal of the air-formed oxide film increased the inhibition threshold concentration with some but not all inhibitors. Conversely, pre-immersing the specimen in an inhibiting solution reduced the threshold value below the normal value.

Substances which form soluble iron complexes, such as catechol and EDTA, were often found to increase the inhibition threshold for mild steel, but the results nevertheless indicate that inhibition is not necessarily associated with the deposition of an insoluble iron salt. The iron complex solutions were themselves found to inhibit in some instances, a fact probably relevant to the well-known inhibition effect of tannins.

Generally no marked differences appeared in the threshold values for a number of irons and low alloy steels. Azide showed a resemblance to nitrite in its behaviour, which suggests a similar inhibition process, i.e. adsorption. The cast irons, especially the ferritic varieties, were considerably more difficult to inhibit. Many inhibitors for ferrous materials were also found to inhibit zinc corrosion, which indicates that unfilled electron energy bands or vacant atomic orbitals are not necessary for inhibition to occur.

The results described in the three papers of this series are summarised, and a novel hypothesis is presented by one of us (P.H.) to account for inhibition by anions.


ABSTRACT Practitioners who work from a social justice point of view navigate the challenges of whether to stress the role of personal responsibility or social location in psychic suffering. Drawing on the founder of decolonial theory, Frantz Fanon, I will first build on Friedman & Nakash's (this issue) discussion of neoliberalism within the wider context of racial capitalism from a decolonial and critical race theory perspective. I will I argue that the "trickle down misery" Friedman & Nakash describe is itself scaffolded by racial logics, and show how such an intersectional analysis can facilitate an integrated model of human suffering. Then, I will show how Fanon's work gives us a different point of entry for understanding the relationship between repetition compulsion, desire, and freedom that helps us address the psyche not from the "inside-out," but the "outside-in" ("Given this sociopolitical structure, how then do we think about the psychic?").


Evolving genomes increase a number of their genes by gene duplications. To escape degradation in a functionless pseudogene, any gene duplicate needs to be guarded by negative (purifying) selection from otherwise inevitable fixation of degenerative mutations. In the present study we focus on the evolutionary stage at which new duplicates come under such surveillance.
Our analyses of several genomes indicate that in about 10% gene pairs, selection begins to guard a new gene copy very soon after a duplication event whereas the vast majority (90%) of extra genes remain redundant and unrecognised by selection. Such duplicates accumulate all mutations (including degenerative) in neutral fashion and are actually destined to become pseudogenes. We revealed this "two-stream" evolutionary pattern by the analysis of mutations in 2nd versus 3rd codon positions but not by the routinely used ratio of amino acid replacements (R) versus silent substitutions (S), i.e. the '2nd vs. 3rd' metric proved to be more resolving than the traditional 'R vs. S' one for distinguishing neutrally evolving future pseudogenes from their functional counterparts controlled by negative selection.
In gene databases for large genomes, hundreds of future pseudogenes are annotated as functional genes because they do look like intact and valuable by standard criteria, including even active transcription and translation. Apparently, these "pseudogenes-to-be" over-cloud and mimic those very infrequent gene duplicates with increased sequence evolution rates driven by positive selection.


We enunciate the exploratory study in development, for which we intend to correlate individual's resilience, personality profile and life satisfaction with their biological markers, including catecholamines, glucose and cortisol. Assessing their satisfaction with life and resilience to stress or trauma, considering the contributions of their characteristics and cognitive, emotional and relational competences developed to adequate their internal with external world. This present investigation, in this first moment, regard the military population in preparation to ingress in the Rangers special military force, recognized by their resilience as demonstrated in their line of duty and inherent physical and psychological resistance training, proved in their mission's success and their physical and mental well-being observed.


Stressful incidents at work were examined using an open-ended technique for three different occupations: clerical workers, university professors and sales associates. The study revealed both similarities and differences in stressors and coping techniques reported across occupations. Interpersonal conflict, work overload and time wasters were common across all occupations. Lack of control and work overload were reported as major stressors by the clerical group and interpersonal conflict as a major stressor by the academic and sales groups. Gender differences were also found. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study explores the burdens of employed women's roles during the time of the coronavirus. The study has considered burdens that associate with the role obligations of working women such as: the husband's work from home, woman's work from home, home duties, marital relationship demands, woman self-care, and homeschooling, in addition to how women managed these burdens and the attached tensions. The current study utilized qualitative method by using an in-depth-interview with 30 (N=30) working women in UAE. The results showed that the COVID-19 crisis has deepened the gender gap regarding home duties, also the burdens often women have increased in all domains of daily life including working hard to facilitate husband work from home. However, men were only responsible for their traditional formal work. In addition, lived experiences of women showed that they have suffered pressures and tensions that are attached to these burdens. Nevertheless, women have not employed a strategy to manage the situation as much as they adapt to it.


d has the ability to incorporate geologic constraints by treating faults and unconformities as interior boundaries. In particular, we introduce the notion of a "jump condition" for discontinuous depositional sequence values at fault planes. This produces a set of disjoint horizon patches that terminate at fault boundaries and are correctly matched across fault planes.


Synopsis : An extremely-low carbon bainitic steel with about 0.02 mass% or less carbon content can be applied to the manufacture of high strength heavy gauge steel plates because of the unique features such as a granular bainitic ferrite microstructure independent of cooling rate after plate rolling. Being free from martensite transformation due to the decrease in carbon minimizes the hardening of heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the deterioration of HAZ toughness at an increase in the welding heat input. A design to control the microstrucure for extremely-low carbon bainite was applied to develop the new high strength steel plate which can be manufactured with no heat treatments. TS 570 MPa grade steel plated of 38 and 75 mm thickness were produced and the weldability was evaluated. The maximum HAZ hardness value was under 280 in Vickers number even under an arc-strike condition. The HAZ toughness at a heat input of up to 20 kJ/mm showed high Charpy impact energy.


In this paper,a numerical calculation model was established on the basis of the geologic conditions of a mine,the surrounding rock deformation of the roadway in the case of respectively adopting the original support pattern and the newly-designed four kinds of optimized support schemes was simulated with 3DEC,and the best support scheme was determined through the comparison of the support effect of different support schemes.The simulated results tallied with the actual situation,so they can be regarded as the reference for the optimization design of the mine roadway support.


Objective To evaluate the effect of short-term caspase inhibitor treatment as soon as possible on cardiac function and in acute myocardial infarction rats and to probe into its mechanism.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: myocardial infarction group, treatment group, sham-operated group.The cardiac function was measured by echocardiogram.The caspase-3 activity was detected by caspase-3 activity assay kit. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.Results The left ventricular diastolic dimension (LVEDd) and the left ventricular end systolic dimension (LVESd) were significantly lower, while fraction shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) were markedly higher in treatment group when compared with myocardial infarction group. The caspase-3 activity and apoptosis index (AI) in treatment group were reduced significantly in comparison with that in myocardial infarction group.Conclusion Short-term caspase inhibitor treatment as soon as possible can effectively improve the cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction rats and this may contribute to the inhibition of apoptosis and the amelioration of remodeling in heart.


To reduce cross-correlation noise, we use the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) on the ensemble matrix and assimilate along the directions of the dominant singular value(s). Let xi ∈ R be ensemble members i = 1 . . . N , and x̄ be the ensemble average Form Z = [z1 . . . zN ], where zi = xi − x̄ Use the SVD on Z, Z = UΣV where U ∈ Rn×n, Σ ∈ Rn×N , V ∈ RN×N Select left singular vectors which correspond to dominant singular values, that is, those σi such that ∑k i=1 σ 2 i ∑N j=1 σ 2 j ≥ 0.95


The simulation of mechanical bahavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete SFRC is introduced utilizing the homogenization method. The random distribution of fibers has been converted to a periodic distribution. Using the periodicity assumption, the boundary conditions for the unit cell are derived. The homogenized stiffness matrix is determined in elastic and plastic range. A numerical example to study the effect of the volume fraction of fibers is introduced.


A multilevel line code (4L7-4) suitable for transmission on a 1.2/4.4 mm coaxial cable at information rates in excess of 140 Mb/s is presented. 4L7-4 is a transparent code with bounded digital sum variation and provides adequate timing information and good monitoring capabilities.


The hands-on cybersecurity training quality is crucial to mitigate cyber threats and attacks effectively. However, practical cybersecurity training is strongly process-oriented, making the post-training analysis very difficult. This paper presents process-mining methods applied to the learning analytics workflow. We introduce a unified approach to reconstructing behavioral graphs from sparse event logs of cyber ranges. Furthermore, we discuss significant data features that affect their practical usability for educational process mining. Based on that, methods of dealing with the complexity of process graphs are presented, taking advantage of the puzzle-based gamification of in-class training sessions.


Despite progress in the development of leadership development models over recent years, these models fail to account for the differentiation in leadership training and development (LTD) practices found between organizations. We conducted an exploratory, multiple case study of formal leadership training and development in 10 organizations, in different business sectors in the United Kingdom. We show that the strategic focus of LTD was shaped by the business goals pursued by these 10 organizations. We also found the strategic focus of LTD to be a broad contingency factor differentiated by level of impact, which then influenced the pattern of LTD delivery. The findings offer support for a contingency perspective in explaining how leadership training and development is configured in differing organizational contexts


Conditions are given on two maximal monotone (multivalued) operators A and B which ensure that A + B is also maximal. One condition used is that ∥Bx∥≦k(∥x∥)Ax| +d|(A + B)x| + c(∥x∥) for every x∈D(A)⊆D(B), where 0≦k(r)<1, and c(r)≧0 are nondecreasing functions, and 0≦d≦1 is a constant. Here, for a set C, |C| denotes inf{∥y∥:y∈C}. This extends the well known result which has d = 0 (and is used in the proof here). The second part of the paper uses similar hypotheses to give conditions under which the range of the sum, R(A + B), has the same interior and same closure as the sum of the ranges, R(A) + R(B).


Coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii, are native only in North America, from northern California to south-central Alaska, and have been described as the ancestral salmonid in the Pacific Northwest, contributing to at least eleven other cutthroat trout subspecies and more than 5 life history types (Behnke, 1979). Anadromous coastal cutthroat trout are not ESA listed and are not of commercial value therefore have received little attention from the scientific community. As a result, information regarding spawning behavior, marine migrations and population size is limited. While, no formal stock assessment methodology currently exists for anadromous coastal cutthroat trout counts at artificial barriers and anecdotal information suggests that cutthroat trout abundance has declined across their range since early 1980's (Pearcy et al. 2014). As a result, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) relies on conservative angling regulations (catch and release, selective gear rules, stream closures) to maintain/increase populations size while providing fishing opportunity. Recent work by WDFW staff and volunteers has improved understanding of spawn timing, redd identification and marine distribution of coastal cutthroat trout in Puget sound.


Music is regarded in biological terms as originating in the brain, so that most explanations concentrate on the ways in which brains process information. Recent studies of the nonlinear dynamics of the primary sensory cortices have shown that the patterns that are constructed by chaotic nonlinear dynamics in cortical neuropil replace stimulus driven activity. This finding supports the concept that knowledge in brains is entirely constructed within them without direct transfer of information from outside. As knowledge increases by learning, brains of individuals grow progressively apart. The separation results from the uniqueness of the knowledge that is constructed within each brain. The resulting condition of isolation is known among philosophers as epistemological solipsism. This view is reinforced by the tenets of aesthetics, which emphasize the deeply personal experiences of individuals, not as active listeners but as passive recipients of beauty in music and other arts. Neither conventional neuroscience nor aesthetics can explain the deep emotional power of music to move humans to action. An alternative view is presented, in which human brains are seen to have evolved primarily in response to environmental pressures to bridge the solipsistic gulf between individuals, and to form integrated societies. An evolutionary origin is found in the neurohumoral mechanisms of parental bonding to altricial infants. A case is made that music together with dance have co-evolved biologically and culturally to serve as a technology of social bonding. Findings of anthropologists and psychiatrists are reviewed to show


The American Lung Association recently released new guidelines for lung cancer screening, recommending low-dose computed tomography screening in high-risk smokers.


ABSTRACT Tombarthite-(Y) is discredited as a mineral species. No type material was available, but material used for the original description has been located and neotype material defined. The main reason for the erroneous description of tombarthite-(Y) is the result of chemical analyses being carried out on heated material, which removed elements such as C and F. New semi-quantitative chemical analyses show that at least F is present in the fresh material, but absent after a heating scheme identical to that of the original description. Modern powder X-ray diffraction methods (XRD) confirm that the material identified as tombarthite-(Y) is a mixture of metamict and crystalline phases. Consequently, what was known as tombarthite-(Y) is not a mixture of the same minerals in equal amounts in different samples, but mixtures of various minerals depending on the sample. The main minerals identified are thalénite-(Y), xenotime-(Y) and kainosite-(Y). The discreditation of tombarthite-(Y) relies on new analyses of a large number of samples from the collection of the Natural History Museum (NHM) in Oslo and has been approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (proposal 16-K).


This work presents a fault recognition as well as a faulty phase categorization technique (FR and FPC) for the six-phase transmission line (SPTL) using symlet-4 wavelet-transform (SWT). This FR and FPC technique is applied to the currents measured at the first end of SPTL i.e. at B-1 to evaluate the SWT outputs. The SWT is authenticated on an SPTL-model designed in MATLAB and operated for special fault occurrences like inter-circuit faults (ICFs), cross-country faults (CCFs), and evolving faults (EFs) with varying fault inputs. Simulation outcomes corroborate that the SWT-based technique exactly recognizes ICFs, CCFs, and EFs in an SPTL by using only B-1 fault data.


Several ideas have been developed to seal off vacuum systems. Two of the most common methods are the pinching off of annealed metal tubing with or without the use of solder, and the installation of a complete valve. Both types of tubing seals require a new piece of tubing soldered or welded into the system each time it is evacuated; the requirements of an external force and an external source of heat present disadvantages in some applications. Additional disadvantages are that the vacuum space is exposed to the atmosphere and that loss of residual vacuum results during the replacement of the seal-off tubing. A complete valve is objectionable because it is often an awkward protuberance on a small piece of apparatus.


In the last decade, HCI research has proposed promising technologies for shape-changing interfaces. The usefulness and the user experience of shape-change are, however, still to be explored and understood. This paper extends the understanding of the potential utility and usability of axisymmetric shape-change. First, we present 16 potential use cases for a cylindrical shape-changing display. Second, we present a two-month comparative field study in the workplace. Six participants had to shift energy consumption by using energy storage. To do so, they were notified about local energy forecasts. Compared with flat-screen animations, early results show that cylindrical shape-change animations keep a better attractiveness over time.


Health Information Systems (HIS) can improve the efficiency of health care, enhancing the care delivery by providing immediate access to computer-based clinical information. However, requirements for HIS change often, and these changes are expensive and require specialized IT professionals to perform them. HIS users are health professionals who, although have deep knowledge on the system's requirements, they are not able to apply changes in the system to reflect their needs. NUTES Product Line Solution (ProLS) intends to make health professionals less dependent on the knowledge of information and communication technologies. It has a set of tools to help the healthcare professional when defining requirements and turning them into concrete features.


Ethnic Layers of Detroit (ELD) is an interdisciplinary urban-focused project which engages faculty and student researchers in creating, documenting, and sharing multilayered multimedia narratives of Detroit's ethnic histories. ELD was awarded a Digital Humanities Start-up Grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. In this presentation we will describe the beginnings and development of ELD, the historic sites selected for the narratives, ways to interact with and experience the digital stories via augmented reality and the web portal, and pedagogical applications of the project. We will then share a completed digital story or two and describe the next steps of the project.


In present study, the synthesis, structural, quorum sensing inhibition and computational studies of a
new N'-{(E)-[3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methylidene}-4-methoxybenzohydrazide are
reported. The structure of the synthesized compound was confirmed by IR, 1H & 13C NMR and mass
spectral data. The single crystals of the compound was obtained using ethanol as a crystallization
solvent. The synthesized compound (C40H40N8O6F4) crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, C2/c
space group. Various intermolecular interactions were quantified using a 3D molecular Hirshfeld surface
computational method. The 2D fingerprint plots revealed that the H···H (35.9%) interactions have a
major contribution to the total molecular surface. DFT studies was performed to establish the molecular
crystal structure of the compound and to study the HOMO-LUMO energies of the compound. The
anti-quorum sensing study of the target compound on Chromobacterium violaceum (wild type) biosensor
revealed that quorum quenching activity at 300 μg/mL. Interestingly, quantitative assay exhibited
more than 80% of quorum sensing inhibition without interfering cell growth (p < 0.05). Molecular
docking studies of the compound on CviR protein (PDB: 3QP8) confirmed the observed activity
through strong hydrogen bonding interaction with the amino acids in the binding pocket.


Through analyzing the current situation of development of China's E-business and the existing problems,the paper puts forward some corresponding countermeasures,such as strengthening infrastructure,ensuring safety in transaction,perfecing laws and regulations for E-business,establishing credit mechanism,smoothening commodities circulation and training qualified professionals.


To solve the problems of low SNR and severe interference in low frequency signal in the estimation of propeller shaft rate, a method of detecting line-spectrum in DEMON (Detection of Envelope Modulation on Noise) spectra is given in this paper. By means of Hilbert transform, the author obtains the signal envelope, and then calculates the demodulation spectrum. The cleaned harmonics in the modulation line-spectrum has been brought out because of the propeller blade's running, and the DEMON spectrum is purified by the characteristic of the higher-order cumulating diagonal slice. The result of real vessel noise data experiment shows that the method and algorithm proposed are effective and feasible. And it can get hold of the basic frequency and its harmonics.


By a curious chronological coincidence, the tercentenary of Newton's birth in 1642 is succeeded by the centenary of another outstanding event in the history of mathematics; the discovery of Quaternions in 1843 by Sir W. R. Hamilton. It seems a suitable occasion for drawing attention to the extent to which conceptions due to Irish mathematicians of that epoch are interwoven into the technique employed in recent developments in mathematical physics.


He Xiangyong's Novel Gnome starts with the farmers'spiritual states.The author wants to reveal thetremendous tension among history,worldly might and farmer individuals and to unveil the farmers'agony of survival andthe hardships in the rural modernization,in the vicious circle of hurting and being hurt,insulting and being insulted,cheating and being cheated,by centering his novel on the farmers'struggle against their living plights,their struggleagainst their humble origins,their ridicule at the real-life might.In this novel we can see the abstraction of historicalmight as well as the reversion of rural reality.


To analyze the detonation characteristics and propulsive performance of pulse detonation engine(PDE)with conical divergent nozzle under different filling conditions,the CE/SE method using triangular meshes,which are suitable to the conical tube,has been proposed and applied to calculate the internal and external flow field of gas-droplets two-phase pulse detonation engine.The results show that the strong gradient such as detonation shock and complicated wave interaction patterns in the straight tube and conical tube can both be perfectly described by using this CE/SE method.When the conical divergent nozzle is not filled with fuel,the PDE achieves a higher fuel specific impulse,with more complex flow field,much lower pressure peak and bigger Mach peak appearing in the nozzle than that in the detonation tube.In contrast,simpler flow field and smaller pressure peak difference have been gained in the divergent nozzle of PDE when the nozzle is full filled with fuel.However,larger total thrust and bigger impulse of PDE are produced under this condition.


In this article, we review the debate on the genesis of historical knowledge in France. In general, the official view is that professionalisation is a process stretching back to the university reforms of the Third Republic. What is proposed here, however, is a change of perspective on the subject. Far from exhausting the analysis in the codification of the method and the creation of a standardized teaching, we will proceed to the study of other factors that have also concurred with the emancipation of historical knowledge. In this sense, the creation of the National Archives plays a fundamental role. Emerging from the policy of confiscations sponsored by the French Revolution, the National Archives propose important changes in the physiognomy of the archival space, thus laying the foundations for the development of a research community based on consultation and regular contact with documents. Finally, we reflect on the legislative context of this emergence of the archives and on the politics of memory that is revealed in the law and the classification frameworks that regulate their operation.


A new synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyridine-2-thiones (4a-c) by the carbon-carbon bond formation between β-aminothiocarbonyl-α-methylthioenamines (3a-c) derived from ketene-S, N-acetal (1) and malononitrile as a carbon nucleophile is described. In addition, the reaction of the dianiones (6a-c), prepared from the enaminonitriles (5a-c) and n-BuLi in situ, with alkyl halides (7, 8, and 9) was found to give 3-alkylpyridine-2-thiones (10a-c, 11a-c, and 12a-c) in good yields, respectively.


In this paper, a systematic approach is presented and a physical experiment substantiated for a SISO wind tunnel adaptive control system. This approach includes a two-step adaptation scheme: The first comprises a triggered system identification process and the second an adapting controller system. To verify this integrated systems engineering approach, a physical wind tunnel was constructed with an axial fan and airspeed sensors. A real-time adapting system model, coupled with an adaptive control system is interfaced with the wind tunnel. The real-time data from the system in operation is analyzed and used to influence how the controller adapts through system identification techniques as well as PID tuning criteria.


Objective To investigate the anatomic appearance in the region of the torcular Herophili by using MR and to evaluate its clinical significance Methods This study involved 123 healthy subjects All subjects underwent initial T 1W and T 2W MR examination in order to exclude intracranial occupying disease and vascular malformation Then, images of venous sinuses were obtained in the region of the torcular Herophili 72 of these subjects were examined with coronal 2D TOF MR venography (MRV), 44 cases were examined with coronal 3D PC angiography, and other 7 volunteers were examined with both of the two aforementioned methods Results (1) The venous drainage dominance showed mainly to the right side in 84 cases, mainly to the left side in 23 cases, equal drainage in 16 cases (2) According to the relation among the sinuses in the region of the torcular Herophili, all subjects in this study could be grouped into 4 types: Type 1, including those subjects in which a confluence of sinuses existed or the superior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus forked, and the forking of both sinuses joined to form the lateral sinuses Type 2, including those subjects in which the sagittal sinus drained into one side and the straight sinus drained into the other Type 3, including those subjects in which the superior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus joined and mainly drained into the right side Type 4, including those subjects in which the superior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus joined and mainly drained into the left side Conclusions MR angiography provides a useful method to show the anatomic features in the region of the torcular Herophili The pattern of the classification is considered important to assess the venous drainage dominance and helpful to deduce existent and/or potential collateral pathway These findings may be useful for diagnostic and operative procedure


Nylon12-coated copper powder composite was prepared by solvent-precipitation method.Microcosmic appearance of the composite was observed using SEM.The strength and warpage behavior of the selective laser sintered parts of nylon12-coated copper powder and mechanically mixed nylon12/copper powder were compared.The results show that nylon12 coats the particles of Cu powder evenly and there is hardly bared particle of Cu powder in the nylon12-coated copper powder.At the same nylon12 mass fraction of 20% and laser energy density,the tensile strength and flexural strength of green parts made from coated copper powder are both about twice higher than those of parts made using mechanically mixed nylon12/copper powder,and the warpage degree of green parts of nylon12 coated copper powder is obviously smaller than that of parts made from mechanically mixed nylon12/copper powder.


. Human trafficking is quite complicated because there is still a lot going on in the world. The purpose of this research is to observe the politics of law in combating human smuggling. A transnational crime that places illegal immigrants and refugees from South Asia and the Middle East as material commodities, Indonesia has the potential for international crime. The researchers used in this study are normative legal research methods that are qualitative and mixed thinking logic (deductive and inductive). The study results are known to analyze problems related to a cross-border crime that hit the country so that the government needs to make a strategy to combat human smuggling.


This paper presents a procedure for developing reliability inequalities for several known classes of failure distributions. The inequalities are rational functions of the moments and conditional tail moments of the underlying failure distribution. The introduction of four new classes of failure distributions based on the variance behavior facilitates the development of certain inequalities for the NBUE and NWUE distributions.


This paper will describe the development of the Vacuum Arc thruster (VAT) for micro and nano satellites with the main purposes of: attitude control, maintaining orbit-satellite deorbiting. Firstly, this VAT thruster is integrated on-board student microsatellite Horyu-IV, which was developed at the Kyushu Institute of Technology (KIT), Japan. The satellite will be launched in the fiscal year 2015 by H2A rocket. This paper describes the principles of VAT as a direct drive from High Voltage Solar Array (HVSA). Expected performance of this vacuum arc thruster with passive ignition (space plasma condition) was measured. We propose a method for improving the thruster efficiency. Results show that the impulse bit was of the μNs order, and the thrust–56 nN– and efficiency– 2.5%–were calculated. Moreover, it was found that the impulse bit changes with the applied voltage. A new CFRP material was developed and used as a cathode for the purpose of improving efficiency. Discharge characteristics of current and the arc rate are presented. Measurements of impulse bit were also done for the VAT in configuration with two different propellants (commercial and new CFRP) and with a permanent magnet of 300 mT.


From ancient times to the present,love,which is human's emotional pursuit,has a variety of expression in the poetry.Along the way to the new period,concept love about female poetry has changed much.Poetess experience a tortuous way which begins to pursue the thought from calling for love of 5.4 Period to the equality between men and women in love,then from questioning and reflecting love to describing the desires of the body,finally reaches a coexistence of multiple.


The hummingbird Amazilia lactea (Lesson, 1832) built a nest in Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the spring (Oct) and added lichens during incubation. The female incubated over 70 per cent of the day, 1-56 min per visit, and brooded two small young somewhat less; brooding stopped by about 10 days of age, as did night brooding. Lack of night brooding for large young hummingbirds may reflect lack of space in a small nest. Young stayed in the nest 19 days. Feedings were widely spaced, and presence of possible predators caused alarm.


My developmental frame of reference will be Lawrence Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental theory of moral reasoning. In its broadest terms, Kohlberg's theory outlines normative progression from the child's egocentric, preconventional moral orientation of punishment and reward, through the conventional orientation of interpersonal approval and social order maintenance typical of most American adults, to the rarely achieved autonomous, postconventional orientation of universal ethical principles. In addition to the critical perspective of advanced cognitive development necessary for questioning conventional morality, Kohlberg claims that movement to autonomous, postconventional morality also requires specifically adult experiences of responsibility, of making irreversible decisions for one's own and others' lives. Even the most adequate postconventional moral orientation, however, cannot answer the question, Why be moral? This is finally not a moral question at all but an ontological or religious question about the meaning of life. This question has led Kohlberg to suggest a postconventional religious orientation, a cosmic (as opposed to a universal human-


Geomagnetic field/inertial integrated navigation provides a technique way for high precision autonomous localization of underwater vehicles with long duration voyage.In the case that the magnetometer is installed inside of the underwater vehicles,the compensation of geomagnetic measuring errors and the fusion of compensated geomagnetic measurements with the inertial information are essential to the integrated navigation.In this paper,the compensation technique based on scalar calibration was proposed to calibrate the magnetometers and reduce the effects of the vehicle magnetic field.Combined point mass filter and extended Kalman filter were designed to fuse the geomagnetic measurements with large noises.The results of the underwater experiment show that the disturbing magnetic magnitude is reduced from ten thousand nanoTeslas to several tens of nanoTeslas,and the localization accuracy of 300 m is achieved with the combined filtering algorithm.


Background:Infective endocarditis is a microbial infection of the endothelial surface of heart and great vessels frequently involving Mitral and Aortic valve. Pulmonary valve endocarditis leading to Severe Pulmonary Regurgitation is extremely rare and is often diagnosed late due to non specificity of symptoms. We intend to report such a case to bring the attention of everyone the long term consequences of Pulmonary Regurgitation. Here we also describe method of replacing Pulmonary valve with Bioprosthetic Aortic valve.Methods:We describe the technique of replacement of pulmonary valve with Bioprosthetic Aortic valve in case of severe Pulmonary regurgitation.Result:The patient successfully underwent replacement of both Pulmonary and Tricuspid valve with bioprosthetic valve and was discharged from the hospital on seventh post operative day. During successive follow up there was considerable improvement in exercise tolerance and she being presently in NYHA class II.Conclusion:Pulmonary valve replacement with...


Introduction: scientific production of articles is the preferred mechanism for disseminating research results. Through these results, academic impact is generated, being a relevant indicator in the assessment of research centers and universities. Objective: to analyze the production of educational research articles in a Colombian university, by exploring cooperation networks among authors and identifying favored thematic fields in terms of education. Method: through an ex post facto design, social networks were assessed and added in the review of scientific articles. Results: Preference over regional index journals was identified in addition toco-authorship networks with few intermediaries and a diversity of study areas that emphasize the contextualized analysis of education in subjects such as ethno mathematics, literature, and teachers' education and training. Discussion and conclusion: The need to foster cooperation among authors and the search for concept integration as important strategies to increase research quality in education is discussed.


Objective To examine the characteristics of the communication skills of medical students, we observed their performance during introductory medical interview training with simulated patients (SPs). Methods The subjects of the present study included fifth-year medical students (male, n=180, female, n=99) who were undergoing clinical training in Japan from 2012 to 2014. Each student was assigned to one of four 10-minute clinical scenarios, which was conducted with an SP. Three or four teachers observed and assessed the performance of each of the students. The overall performance was rated on a 10-point scale, and nine basic communication skills that were common to each of the scenarios were rated using a four-point scale. The students also assessed their own performance on these items. The SPs assessed the students' performance from a patient's perspective on four items. Results There were significant correlations between the teacher and student scores. However, the students tended to score themselves significantly lower than the teachers. The female students were rated significantly higher by the teachers on the following four items; 'eye contact and appropriate attitude,' 'nodding and back-channeling,' 'giving empathic verbal responses,' and 'acquisition of patient's psychosocial information.' However, the self-assessments of the female students were only significantly higher than the male students in one item, 'acquisition of patient's psychosocial information.' In contrast, self-assessments of the male students were significantly higher in two items; none of their items was scored higher by the teachers. There was no significant gender difference in the assessments made by the SPs. Conclusion There were significant gender differences in the communication skills of the medical students during introductory training, suggesting the possibility that there were gender-specific traits and gender-based differences in the students' degrees of readiness.


Ag sintering has been widely studied as a lead-free die attach solution for power electronics. A soak time of a dozen minutes at the sintering temperature is necessary to establish strong bond strength by the conventional heating method. Chemical bonding can be achieved by various parameters associated with the metallurgical bond of the adjacent surfaces. In this study, attaching technology between Au coated Si die and Au coated Si substrate was developed by applying Ag sintering materials which can work at temperature up to 350°C. It was concentrated on finding so called "pressure-less sintering and pressure sintering" procedure in air and N2 environment. The sintering was performed in air or N2 at temperature range from 180°C to 280°C for 10 minutes to 3 hours. Highest shear strength was obtained at 200°C of sintering temperature bonded for 3 hours.