Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the vascular status as assessed by ankle brachial index (ABI) and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) profile in patients hospitalized for myocardial infarction. Design and method: We studied 75 patients (76% males, age 65 ± 13 years) who were hospitalized because of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and Non ST–elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). All patients underwent baseline estimation of clinical and laboratory parameters during their hospitalization. Moreover, ABI was measured according to established methodology and patients underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring during the third day of hospital stay. Results: From the total population, 20% had family history of cardiovascular events, 72% were hypertensives, 32% had diabetes, 51% were smokers and 32% had previous history of coronary artery disease. Regarding the type of myocardial infarction, 37% were admitted for STEMI and 55% had coronary revascularization. Focusing on the ABI the levels in the entire population was 1.04 ± 0.25, while 36% of patients had impaired ABI < 0.9. Mean 24-h BP was 1156/69 mmHg, while 59 patients (78%) presented a non-dipping profile. Conclusions: Patients admitted for STEMI and NSTEMI are characterized by impaired ABI and high prevalence of non-dipping of BP during nighttime. These findings may explain the unfavorable overall cardiovascular prognosis of these patients.


ABSTRACT New type of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) were synthesized by polycarbonate diol (PCD)-based bridged polysilsesquioxane (BPS) monomer and lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimidate (LiTFSI) via the sol-gel process. The ion conductivity of PCD-based BPS matrix was increased from 1.41 × 10−7 to 4.09 × 10−5 ((Ω · cm)−1) according to the amount of lithium salts at room temperature. The effect of lithium salts to the ion conductivity is attributed to the homogenous dispersion of lithium salts into the SPEs matrix. The thermal stability of PCD-based BPS matrix is higher than that of PCD oligomer and PCD-based BPS monomer in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).


This paper aims to analyze the aesthetic and material/technical controversies surrounding the production of parade floats from a samba school. Starting from actor-network theory and controversy analysis, we show how actors negotiate interests that exist in carnival production project. Our findings demonstrate that the disagreements over material and aesthetic dimensions are temporarily solved by gambiarra , which is the unconventional use of technical knowledge for generating a creative solution in resource and time constraints contexts. We also argue that controversy analysis is an interesting tool to study organizational aesthetics in project management: it allows for understanding the potential conflictual relationship between material/technical and aesthetic dimensions. We conclude by stating that gambiarra can have both positive and negative consequences of generating creative solutions for controversies. produce big cars. If you look at the latest parades all the cars are already beautiful." a No a that


A technique is described for the study of collisional deexcitation of highly vibrationally excited polyatomic molecules by use of externally activated competitive unimolecular reaction systems. This method has some advantages and is illustrated by the decomposition of chemically activated hexyl-3 radicals in the presence of H2 and CF4 as heat bath molecules. The former removes ~1.2 kcal mole−1 per successful collision; while for the latter a value in excess of 4.6 kcal is found so that CF4 behaves operationally like a strong collider.


Studies of isolated female boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in the fall and early winter seasons of 1963, 1964, and 1965 showed that oviposition prior to diapause was negligible. However, diapausing females about 30 days old often became reproductive. Observations on the general behavior of the females are given.


We demonstrate the generation of THz waves (frequency 9.7 THz) using difference frequency generation in an InxGa1-xSe mixed crystal grown from In flux. The amount of indium and the lattice constant of the crystal were evaluated using electron micro probe analysis and X-ray diffraction, respectively. We believe that the Ga sites were substituted by In atoms in the InxGa1-xSe crystal because the In content, estimated according to the Vegard's law, was similar to that measured by EPMA. The maximum power of the generated THz wave was 39 pJ and the conversion efficiency was 1.7×10-5 J-1. This conversion efficiency was 28 times larger than that reported for undoped GaSe crystal.


Effects of oral administration of methyltestosterone on sex reversal from female to male in carp (Cyprinus carpio) was evaluated using all-female gynogenetic carp. Methyltestosterone supplemented in the diet at 100 μg/g for 36 d was tested at 20 and 25 °C and for varying times of initiation of treatment. The treatments induced partial and more complete sex reversal at 20 and 25 °C, respectively. At 20 °C hermaphrodites appeared frequently. At 25 °C, the most successful sex reversal occurred, particularly when methyltestosterone was administered starting 44 d and terminating 80 d after hatching.Key words: carp, all-female carp, sex reversal, gynogenesis, methyltestosterone, androgen treatment


In this paper, the level of corrosion and the corrosion rate of 304 stainless steel induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria were studied using electrochemical noise. The noise data were analyzed by time domain and frequency domain combined with the observations of optical microscope. And the corrosion was divided into four categories: passivation, pitting induction period, pitting and uniform corrosion. The traditional method for electrochemical noise analysis has lag shortcomings, so the feasibility study on Hilbert-huang Transform and BP Neural Network on intelligent recognition method for microbiologically influenced corrosion was conducted. The results showed that the use of Hilbert-huang Transform for feature extraction can characterize the level of corrosion;BP Neural Network could identify passivation, pitting induction period and pitting correctly, and recognition effect for uniform corrosion would be improved. A feasible way of analyzing electrochemical noise data real-time and intelligent was provided on this paper, and it was hoped that the analyzing method could provide theoretical basis in the identification of the extent of corrosion in practice to take preventive measures timely.


Comparative toxicity tests showed adult, late larvae, and early larvae of the host tortricid, Argyrotaenia citrana (Fernald), less susceptible to propoxur than similar life stages of the braconid ectoparasite Oncophanes americanus. However, propoxur was not less synergized by piperonyl butoxide (PBO) for all of these same life stages of the host versus the parasite. Levels of aldrin epoxidase were low in life stages of both species when measured in whole-body assays; however, gut assays of host larvae demonstrated high levels of this enzyme. Higher levels of MFO (cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase) activity were observed when a tyrosinase inhibitor was added to host aldrin epoxidation reactions, but not in the parasite test. Considering data from whole-body, gut, and inhibitor tests, we concluded that aldrin epoxidase levels were probably higher in the lepidopteran life stages than in the braconid life stages. Similar levels of trans -epoxidase hydrolase, glutathione transferase, and general esterases, but lower levels of cis -epoxide hydrolase were found in the lepidopteran host as opposed to the braconid life stages. The consistently higher ratios of trans/cis epoxide hydrolase in the herbivore versus entomophage are similar to data found earlier in detoxification comparisons between several species of prey and predators. The epoxide hydrolase enzyme system may be an appropriate target site for exploiting selectivity differences between pests and natural enemies.


A preliminary attempt was made to identify areas on the island of Maui where winds favor electric power generation. Due to its population density and its placement in a natural venturi between Haleakala and West Maui volcanoes, the central valley was chosen as the survey region. Between 7 and 26 August 1976 three mobile platforms were positioned at 41 locations in the central valley. Wind observations at these field sites were then related to conditions at the National Weather Service Office at Kahului Airport. Maps of surface isotachs and streamlines revealed pronounced diurnal cycles. Diurnal variations in vertical structure also appeared in the pilot balloon data for Kahului. Physical hypotheses are offered to explain diurnal patterns in flow structure in terms of channeling of inflow, mountain circulations, and turbulent transfer processes. The field survey has allowed us to make a tentative evaluation of wind power potential and to plan establishment of permanent monitoring stations. Wind power appears to be an attractive alternate energy source for the island of Maui.


Laser treatment of port wine stains (PWS) has become an established clinical modality over the past decade. However, in some cases full clearance of the PWS cannot be achieved. To improve the clinical results, it is necessary to match the laser treatment parameters to the PWS anatomy on an individual patient basis. Therefore, knowledge of the PWS structure is of great importance. The objective of this study is to describe a diagnostic method to assess the PWS blood vessels depth and diameter from the skin surface temperature‐time course following a diagnostic laser pulse.


Introduction: Flavius Josephus and Flavian Rome I. JOSEPHUS IN THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT OF FLAVIAN ROME 1. Josephus' Roman Audience: Josephus and the Roman Elites 2. Foreign Elites at Rome 3. Herodians and 'Ioudaioi' in Flavian Rome 4. Josephus in the Diaspora II. THE IMPACT OF THE JEWISH WAR IN FLAVIAN ROME 5. Last Year in Jerusalem: Monuments of the Jewish War in Rome 6. The Sack of the Temple in Josephus and Tacitus 7. Flavian Religious Policy and the Destruction of the Jerusalem Temple 8. The 'Fiscus Iudaicus' and Gentile Attitudes to Judaism in Flavian Rome III. JOSEPHUS: LITERATURE AND HISTORIOGRAPHY IN FLAVIAN ROME 9. From 'Exempla' to 'Exemplar'? Writing History around the Emperor in Imperial Rome 10. Josephus and Greek Literature in Flavian Rome 11. Parallel Lives of Two Lawgivers: Josephus' Moses and Plutarch's 'Lycurgus' 12. Figured Speech and Irony in T. Flavius Josephus 13. Spectacle in Josephus' 'Bellum Judaicum' 14. The Empire Writes Back: Josephan Rhetoric in Flavian Rome


The acceleration of auroral electrons has long been an open problem. In a recent work [Wu, Phys. Plasmas 10, 1364 (2003)], the model of a dissipative solitary kinetic Alfven wave (DSKAW) has been proposed to describe the physics of strong electric spikes observed often in the auroral ionosphere and magnetosphere. In this Brief Communication, the DSKAW model is applied to the auroral acceleration region and the possibility of DSKAWs producing auroral electrons is further discussed. The result shows that DSKAWs in the acceleration region can accelerate electrons enough to reach auroral energies and that the most efficient acceleration occurs just at the bottom of the acceleration region where the Alfven speed also peaks. Moreover, the acceleration mechanism by DSKAWs can plausibly explain the cut-off above 10 keV, which is inferred from the energy distribution of auroral precipitating electrons. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.


This paper proposes a fractional-order Rayleigh oscillator model, which involves a cubic damping term described by fractional derivatives. The presence of such fractional damping term makes the ana...


In the article a theory of the origin of the magnetic field of the Earth (MFE) caused by the phenomenon of ferromagnetism in the mantle has been proposed. Due to the pressure the mantle substance changes from the dielectric state to the metal one. As a result, there appear free electrons, whose magnetic moment leads to the formation of the magnetic field of the Earth. The above phase transition manifests itself by the Moho. It is proposed that not only the measurement of the dipole component of the magnetic field be made, as it is done nowadays, but also that of the quadrupole and octapole components. These measurements will provide information on the origin of the MFE and its distribution through the Earth volume. It has been shown that the electric field of the Earth (EFE) cannot be produced by the movement of the mobile charges in principle. The EFE is produced by bound electrons. A hypothesis has been proposed that the electric constant has different values for the proton-proton, electron-electron and proton-electron interactions. The relative value of this difference is quite small of the order of 10-28 and, for this reason, it has not been found experimentally. The difference in the interaction results in gravitation, the attraction of the electroneutral masses. Gravitation is a variety of electrostatics. As a result of this difference, the electrons are gravitationally stronger attracted to the electroneutral mass than the protons. The gravitating mass attracts surplus electrons, which lead to the formation of the EFE. In the atmosphere around the negatively charged Earth there are positive charges screening the Earth charge. This state is equilibrium; the positive charge of the atmosphere cannot penetrate into the condensed substance and neutralize the surplus negative charge of the Earth, which would increase the system energy.


The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of family, child, and family-child based intervention on the rate of ADHD symptoms in third grade students. The population for this study was all of students with ADHD diagnoses in the city of Isfahan, Iran. The multistage random sampling method was used to select the 60 subjects included in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned into four groups, including three experimental and one control groups (each group consisted of 15 students). The children had been diagnosed by clinicians as having ADHD. In order to verify this diagnosis, Conner's parental rating scale was used at baseline to confirm that children had ADHD. The results of the post test indicated a significant difference between the four groups. The results showed that the family-child based intervention was the most effective method to decrease students' ADHD symptoms.


The invention relates to a solar three-cavity tube focusing device, which can effectively solve the problems that the conventional solar focusing device is inconvenient to use and has a low using effect and high manufacturing cost. The technical scheme is that: the device comprises tube bodies and arc prism bodies, wherein the cross section of each tube body is in a special circular ring shape; the internal surface and the external surface of each tube body are coated with reflecting layers; two same tube bodies are symmetrically connected; the upper parts of the tube bodies are provided withtwo same and symmetrically arranged arc prism bodies, and the cross section of each arc prism body consists of four arcs; a Chinese character 'pin'-shaped structure is formed by the cavities of the two tube bodies and the two arc prism bodies; the upper part of the inner side face of each arc prism body is coated with a reflecting layer; sealing connection blocks are arranged in grooves outside joints of the arc prism bodies and the tube bodies; and cavities at the two ends of each tube body are in an inverted trumpet contracted shape. The solar three-cavity tube focusing device has a simple structure and a good using effect, is convenient to use, and is the innovation of the solar focusing device.


Several kinds of current main machine learning methods are generally introduced and reviewed in this paper. And the application of four concrete machine learning methods to intrusion detection is described. Finally,its development way is presented according to the trend of network attack.


Fatigue damage evolution in composite laminate syste ms is a complex process in which different damage mechanisms are involved. Matrix cracking, which later results in delaminations, has recurrently been identified as the first damage mode arising under tensile loading in multidirectional laminates. Under compressive loading, fibre microbuckling in the longitudinal plies constitutes the predominant damaging mechanism. As composite materials are increasingly used for structural applications, damage development under cyclic loading has become an important issue for the prediction of fatigue life. In this work, contrastingly to the usual approaches, damage development has been studied by using combined tension-compression fatigue loading, employing four point reverse bending. Two different stacking sequences for cross-ply laminates were used: (0/90)4s and (90/0)4s. The damage evolution process was observed to be dominated by different damage mechanisms depending on the lay-up of the specimen. While matrix cracking initiation and multiplication in one of the transverse plies of the (90/0)4s specimen resulted in a slight reduction of the laminate's flexural stiffness, splitting and delaminations in the longitudinal outmost ply had a more detrimental effect in the (0/90)4s type.


As an organization of social control in grass-root society, tuan'lien has been emphasized by researchers. In the previous achievements of research, most of foreign scholars paid much attention to local militarization, while the domestic ones paid attention to the history of political institution and military affairs. Recently, scholars concentrate more on tuan'lien and local social structure, tuan'lian and local organizations, and tuan'lien and the social control in grass-root society with some sociological and anthropological methods, leading to the trend of the cross use of multi-disciplines. However, there are still some shortcomings in the studies to be overcome.


The rapid development of cloud computing technology has made it possible to make software testing low-priced and specialized for many companies, solving the bottleneck of software enterprise development, making the enterprise pay more attention to the design and coding. The test resources are arranged in the cloud. It solves the problem that some software testing resources are not effectively utilized, and also matches the demands of funds, personnel and technology in some enterprises. In this paper, the problem of the cloud test resource scheduling is studied. It is verified by HP Cloud Test Software Platform, and it is shown that the algorithm is efficient.


Methods Diagnosis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed according to the criteria issued by Chinese Society of Hepatology adapted from the American Gastroenterological Association (16, 17). The references should not have been cited in this place in the text: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed according to the criteria issued by Chinese Society of Hepatology adapted from the American Gastroenterological Association. References were also cited incorrectly in Table 6:


IT is very well known that mother-right is in existence in two parts of India, namely, in Assam and on the coast of Kerala. The Khasis of Assam and the Nayars of Malabar have or had until recent times typical mother-right social organizations. It is also known to some extent that on the west coast of India, apart from Kerala in the south, the survivals of mother-right are to be found in South Kanara or Tuluva, where they are found mainly among the Bunt community. But it is a little known matter that the vestiges of earlier existence of mother-right are to be found on the west coast of India even north of South Kanara. And strangely enough they are to be found among Mohammadan communities, namely, Navayats and a certain section of the Konkani Muslims in the Ratnagiri district. The Navayats referred to (for there are other communities of Muslims elsewhere who are also called Navayats but who do not reveal these survivals) are to be found in both North Kanara and South Kanara districts, but the majority of them have their colonies in North Kanara, and the town of Bhatkal in North Kanara may be regarded as their present headquarters. The section of the Konkani Muslims is to be found in the villages of Kasba-Sangameshvar, Nairi, Fansona, Kadwai, Makhzan and Kondiwda in the Ratnagiri district.


ABSTRACT Differences in consumer values exert a powerful impact on product acceptance. Morocco is no stranger to this phenomenon. While this country's consumers have easy access to world markets, consumer ethnocentrism can restrict choice. The objective of this research has been to investigate ethnocentric behavior of Moroccan consumers and the extent to which domestic products might be preferred to foreign products or vice versa. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews with 400 consumers in four major Moroccan cities. A questionnaire was developed for this purpose using a version of the Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale (CETSCALE). Opinions about four products were solicited. The four products were jeans, cars, shampoo, and juice. The interviewees were asked their opinions about product attributes and about various countries-of-origin. Their responses were analyzed also on the basis of their most essential demographic characteristics. Logistic regression models were developed to analyze the data.


In our paper "Desing And Fabrication Metal ,Non-Metal And Magnetic Seperating Machine" beings with an introduction to material Inspection, it's various applications. The sensors are used to measure the material dimensions and this signal is given to control Unit.
The control unit gives the appropriate signal to the pneumatic cylinder. The pneumatic cylinder is used to collecting mechanism of the improper dimension materials. The inspection conveyor is very useful for material handling in modern engineering industries. The motor is used to drive the conveyor. The materials are transferred from one place to another place by using conveyor. In this top of the conveyor, sensors are used to measure the dimension. This system gives smooth operation and smooth movement of the belts to the jobs at required time.
This is a very efficient instrument for checking the dimensions like length, breadth, height etc., to be used in modern engineering industries. The manual efforts can be completely avoided by using this modern equipment. It also reduces the inspection time and manual inspection errors. If the work piece is defective, the pneumatic cylinder placed next to the sensor will be actuated to remove the defective work piece.


The article is devoted to the distribution of advanced agricultural machinery among peasants of Kostroma Province in the early 20th century. The economic consciousness of most peasants at this time was very conservative. They used outdated machinery and traditional land-processing techniques. The author considers the propaganda of new technology among peasants, Zemstvo demonstrated to them the advantages of new machines. After that, Zemstvo offered equipment to peasants for rent. In order for it to be available, rental fees were minimal and the network of rent points was branched. After that, the Zemstvo offered peasants to buy agricultural achines. This could be done in the agricultural warehouses that were available in each county. At the same time, the Zemstvo did not receive great benefit from the sale of equipment. The peasants used mainly agricultural machines that were produced in Russia. The activities of Zemstvo contributed to the technical progress of Russia's agriculture, many peasants already had ploughs, seedlings, sorting machines and other advanced equipment. Of course, not all peasants could buy such machines because of their pretty high cost.


s A131 MUSCULAR-SKELETAL DISORDERS – Health Care Use & Policy Studies PMS46 STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSIS RELATED GROUP 244: BONE DISEASES AND SPECIFIC ARTHROPATHIES WITH COMPLICATIONS


The effect of focus shift and its diameter changes due to high pump power level has been investigated theoretically in this paper. Two methods describing multi mode beam propagation have been developed and compared with the results of the experiment. The best coupling conditions of such laser beam with wave guide ( optical fiber) for a wide range of pump power have been discussed.


Background/Aims: While colonoscopy is indicated in patients >50 years old presenting with hematochezia, its role in those ≤50 remains debatable. This study aims to evaluate the role of colonoscopy in patients presenting with hematochezia who are ≤50 years old. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients aged ≤50 years who underwent colonoscopy for hematochezia in 2012 was conducted. Patient demographics, endoscopic details, and histological results were analyzed. Patients were stratified by age to compare differences in outcome. Results: A total of 361 patients with a median age of 44 (range, 18-50) years were reviewed. Hemorrhoid (n = 183, 69.6%) was the most common etiology. Seventy-two neoplastic polyps were identified in 48 (13.3%) patients. There was a significantly larger proportion of patients aged 41-50 years who had neoplastic polyps compared to those aged ≤40 (18.8 vs. 3.8%, p ≤ 0.001); 43.8% (n = 28) of the neoplastic polyps found in those aged 41-50 were proximal to the splenic flexure. The only 2 (0.5%) patients with malignancy were aged 41-50 years. Conclusion: Performing colonoscopy in patients presenting with hematochezia should be strongly considered for those aged 41-50 years in view of the significant likelihood of underlying neoplastic polyps compared to those aged ≤40 years.


The structured training program at the third trimester of pregnancy (24th : T1 to 36th week) essentially centred on the trunk fitness allows benefice on the quality of life (QoL) measured by using the questionnaire (SF36). At postpartum period (T2 after 2 months in postpartum), the comparison between the control group (CG) vs training group (TG) show that all the items of (SF36) increase in (TG) while they decrease in (CG). In consequence, all the items of the SF36 were more important in TG at T2 compared with CG. The benefice in QoL seems more important than in others studies. Even if more studies are necessary, we conclude that centred the physical activity on trunk fitness during the third trimester pregnancy seems promising.


Traditional character animation has superiority in conveying stylized information about characters and events, but producing it requires a lot of labor and time. Computer generated animation improves greatly on efficiency, but is poor in expressing stylized motion. In this paper, we propose a sketching-based animation synthesis system. The system contains an interface for the user to draw the sketches or load sketch images. Then the system extracts 2D pose from the input strokes and maps the 2D pose to 3D pose that is in a motion capture database. During the mapping, a series of matching 3D pose candidates are found. The user can select the most satisfying candidate as the 3D key pose for the later animation synthesis. The system synthesizes an animation based on the 3D key poses by finding a path in the motion capture database and generating transition motions if needed.


Petri Nets provide a graphical notation for modeling systems and performing analysis. Colored Petri Nets (CPNs) combine the strengths of ordinary Petri Nets with a high level programming language, making them more suitable for modeling large systems. A CPN model is an executable representation of a system that can be analyzed through simulation. CPN models are built using CPN Tools, a graphical software tool and interface used to create, edit, simulate, and analyze models. This tutorial is meant to introduce the reader to the vocabulary and constructs of CPNs and illustrate the use of CPN Tools in creating and simulating models by means of a familiar, simple example. In particular, we show how to create a CPN model of the call center example presented by White and Ingalls in their tutorial Introduction to Simulation.


A method for the digital encoding of a first raw file, characterized in that it comprises: - a first step for making said raw file, said raw file is an audio file and / or image and / or video. - A second step to encode said raw file in a second file in a proprietary format (P); and, - a third step for re-encoding said second file into a third file format compatible (C). Apparatus implementing such a method.


Despite impressive advances, machine learning has abandoned many of its early profound insights. The discipline has become overly reliant on statistical analysis of massive data sets and strayed far from its conceptual roots. A promising alternative, common at the field's founding four decades ago, is to develop mechanisms that learn like humans. We can use findings from cognitive psychology to devise a computational gauntlet that systems must traverse, giving new criteria for evaluation. Here are six core features of human learning that provide constraints: The literature does contain systems, some older and others more recent, that exhibit these characteristics and thus run the computational gauntlet successfully. These include:


In this article, based on the variational approach, the existence of at least one nontrivial solution is studied for (p, q)‐Laplacian type impulsive fractional differential equations involving Riemann‐Liouville derivatives. Without the usual Ambrosetti‐Rabinowitz condition, the nonlinearity f in the paper is considered under some suitable assumptions.


Livestock Foraging Behavior in Response to Interactions Among Alkaloids, Tannins and Saponins by Tiffanny D. Lyman, Master of Science Utah State University, 2007 Major Professor: Dr. Fredrick D. Provenza Department: Wildland Resources Plant secondary compounds abound in every plant mother nature has to offer. From common garden vegetables to poisonous plants, there are secondary compounds in every plant any animal, as well as we, chooses to eat. In the past, secondary compounds were mostly considered waste products of plant metabolism, but over the last several decades research has shown that these compounds play an active role in plant and animal behavior, health, and productivity. Though often seen only in terms of their negative impacts on intake and production, we are becoming increasingly aware of their beneficial roles in plant, animal, and human health. Providing herbivores with a diversity of plants to make up their diet allows them to regulate and mix foods so as to better utilize primary and secondary compounds, as well as enhancing economic and ecological performance. The secondary compound gramine is an alkaloid found in reed canarygrass that is proteinaceous in nature. Endophyte‐infected tall fescue contains the alkaloids perlolidine, perloline and ergotamine, which are all steroidal in nature. Tannins have a high affinity for binding proteins, and saponins are non‐polar steroidal compounds with a high affinity for binding to lipids in the gastro‐intestinal tract of animals. These findings suggest that animals ingesting foods with alkaloids may increase their preference for tannin or saponin‐containing


In certain applications, relay terminals can be employed to simultaneously deliver information and energy to a designated receiver and a radio frequency (RF) energy harvester, respectively. In such scenarios, the relay that is preferable for information transmission does not necessarily coincide with the relay with the strongest channel to the energy harvester, since the corresponding channels fade independently. Relay selection thus entails a tradeoff between the efficiency of the information transfer to the receiver and the amount of energy transferred to the energy harvester. The study of this tradeoff is the subject on which this work mainly focuses. We propose a relay selection policy that optimizes the quality of information transmission for a given energy transfer constraint. Additionally, we propose two suboptimal relay selection methods that apply to scenarios with limited availability of channel state information and facilitate closed-form analytical results. We conduct a performance analysis that sheds some light on the tradeoff between ergodic capacity and wireless energy transfer, and we prove that the optimal relay selection policy optimizes also other performance metrics for a given energy transfer, such as the outage probability and the error probability.


Research into the phenomenon of electronic communities is a rapidly emerging field. Coupled with the ferocity of viral marketing and the substantial take-up of social networking sites online, newly found electronic communities of consumers are in abundance (Hagel & Armstrong 1997; Anderson 1999; Kozinets 1999, 2002; Wachter et al. 2000; Johnson 2001; Siu 2002). Marketers are quickly realising the importance of these communities by studying consumer interactions with one another as a means of: understanding consumer behaviour (Bagozzi & Dholakia 2002; Boyd 2002; Maclaren & Catterall 2002; Powers 2003; Szmigin & Repell 2004); exploring emerging market opportunities (Kardaras et al. 2003) and in fostering the development of committed relationships and increasing brand awareness, among others (Kozinets 2002). One approach aimed at a detailed, interpretive understanding of consumer activity is ethnography. Virtual ethnography – also called technography, netnography or ethnography on the internet – is quickly establishing itself as a rich alternative to more common methods of inquiry, such as survey research, aimed at understanding in depth the cultural implications of the internet.


Haemodialysis and related therapies remain the most commonly used mode of treatment for end-stage renal failure. During haemodialysis, metabolites retained and elevated as a consequence of renal insufficiency are removed. The principal route of removal is by diffusion across a semipermeable membrane forming part of a mass exchange device or haemodialyser into an electrolyte solution to waste. Fluid retained between treatments is removed by osmosis and the application of a pressure gradient across the membrane. This removal is also associated with convective solute transport, particularly for large-molecular-weight metabolites. The need to maximize solute removal during the treatment has led to the development of devices suitable not only for haemodialysis, but also for rapid high efficiency dialysis, high-flux dialysis, paired nitration dialysis as well as haemodiafiltration. The clinician is faced with a bewildering choice of devices to select from. The 1994 EDTA Registry listing indicates the availability of 454 devices.


The present invention relates to a light emitting display device to make uniform the luminescence brightness to even out the power source line voltage drop. A light emitting display device according to the present invention comprises a first power supply line for supplying the first pixel driving voltage to the pixels of the image display unit and the image display section including the position and the data lines and the scanning lines and a plurality of pixels on a substrate, wherein 1 is electrically connected to the power source line different formed between the first the first pixel-driving voltages to the plurality of pixel power lines, wherein the supply to the respective pixels from the power supply line each pixel power line and the first power line provides a light emitting display device having a plurality of compensation it means having a resistance value. With this arrangement the present invention is to minimize the first power source line voltage drop close to the pixel power line by using the compensating means may be a uniform light emission brightness, the LED by minimizing the difference between the power line and second power voltage drop across the line the luminance can be made uniform. In addition, the present invention can minimize the first power source line voltage drop close to the pixel power line by using the compensation means and a plurality of common power supply lines to even out the light emitting luminance, and the first difference between the power line and second power voltage drop across the line by minimizing the luminance can be made uniform.


The degradation of aqueous phase diphenyl induced by plasma that was locally generated between an electrolytic solution and an anode tip is investigated. Results indicated that the degradation rate can be greatly increased by increasing the applied voltage. Faster removal rate can be achieved for a relatively higher alkalinity or acidity. Fe 2+ has an evident catalytic effect on the diphenyl elimination, while the presence of n-butanol inhibited the degradation. The major intermediate products of the degradation process were identified by HPLC analysis and a degradation pathway was proposed.


The Co3O4/acetylene black composite anodes were successfully prepared by combination of oxalate precipitation and pyrolysis of the precipitate. The composite and its precursor were characterized by thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA),differential thermal analysis(DTA),X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) and electrochemical measurements. The effects of carbon content and calcination temperature on properties of the composite were investigated in detail. The cycling performance of the Co3O4 anode is improved remarkably by the addition of carbon. As the calcination temperature rises in the range of 300-450 ℃,the crystallinity of the composites increases,but their reversible capacity and cycling stability decrease. Being charged/discharged at a current density of 0.1C rate,the optimized Co3O4/C composite anode shows a large initial reversible capacity of 757 mA·h/g,and a capacity of 743 mA·h/g is observed after 10 cycles.


This paper intends to review some of the existing literature and find out the common points recorded regarding the integration of User Centered Design and Agile system. The literature has been classified as proposals and case studies and each of their observations are investigated to understand the impact and benefits for the Software model.


Concern with the interconnections among property rights, commodification (specifically the commercial appropriation of natural resources), and conjoined dynamics of social and environmental change is one of the core features of the political ecology tradition. In this chapter, I discuss some fundamental connections between commodification and property. I start with the enduring legacy of Malthusianism, an approach whose basic premise of an inherent tension between human population growth and natural resource availability (initially food supply) deflects attention from questions of distribution that a focus on property rights brings to the fore. Second, I discuss Marx's analysis of primitive accumulation as a way of approaching the conjoined character of commodifying human "nature" (as wage labour) and non-human nature (primarily as non-human natural resources). From both Malthus and Marx emerges an important and enduring theme: private exclusive property rights link the commodification of means of subsistence with the commodification of labour. Thus, for both thinkers, we can see exclusive property regimes as part of what constitutes a distinct metabolism of conjoined socionatural relations and transformations, and also as a key feature of a distinct liberal capitalist governmentality, one that continues to echo through natural resource and environmental policy in the neoliberal era. I close by connecting the themes established in the first two sections to contemporary political ecology scholarship as it concerns property, commodification, and governance of socio-natural relations broadly understood.1


QEVERAL books and many articles have been published lately on the far from fresh subject of journalistic ethics-or, rather, the lack of ethical standards and principles in contemporary journalism. Some writers have not hesitated to indict the entire newspaper business-or profession-on such charges as deliberate suppression of certain kinds of news, distortion of news actually published, studied unfairness toward certain classes, political organizations and social movements, systematic catering to powerful groups of advertisers, brazen and vicious "faking, " and reckless disregard of decency, proportion and taste for the sake of increased profits. Other writers have been more moderate and have recognized that there are three species of newspapers-good, intelligent, honest newspapers, morally pernicious and intellectually contemptible newspapers, and colorless, indifferent, innocuous newspapers. The latter group of writers is clearly right, of course. Only puerile or hopelessly prejudiced "radicals" seriously assert that every "capitalistic" newspaper-and we hardly have any other type-is depraved, malicious, cynical, and commits daily sins innumerable because of its desire to shield injustice and wrong-doing and to prevent wellintentioned and reasonable men and women from learning the full truth regarding the iniquities of the present social order. No thoughtful newspaper man of experience, no sane outside observer even, will entertain so childish A view for a motnent., On the other hand, it is not to be denied


Capital structure and profitability have been identified as factors that influence firm value. However, past studies have not examined the issue of why the capital structure may influence the firm value. This study extends prior studies to further understand the indirect relationship between capital structure and firm value through profitability. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of capital structure to firm value through the mediating role of firm profitability. This study uses panel data for a sample of 30 manufacturing firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2005-2009. Variable used is capital structure as independent variable, firm value as dependent variable, and profitability as mediating variable. This study uses the panel data analysis. After controlling for unobserved heterogeneity, this study finds that capital structure relates positively with firm value. This study also finds the significant mediating role of profitability on the relationship between capital structure and firm value. These findings contribute to monitoring the financial reporting of listed firms on the stock exchange. The results of this study also contribute to understanding of the role of the firm profitability in influencing the impact of capital structure on firm value.


We present a novel tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA) that achieves 67:1 bandwidth over the 30 MHz to 2 GHz frequency range. The design is extremely simple, and consists of 3 overlapping dipoles that are fed at 3 different locations to ensure uniform current flow. The overlapping dipoles are "printed" on a 0.3 mm-thick polymer substrate (ε<inf>r</inf>=3), and "sandwiched" between two layers of flexible polymer (ε<inf>r</inf>=3), each 2 cm thick. The TCDA occupies 1.4 m × 0.09 m, and is intended for on-body operation (e.g., placed along the arms). For example, the proposed antenna could be integrated into military uniforms to enhance quality of service in the SINCGARS, Air and Marine, UHF, UHF-Public Safety, and L bands.


Abstract Background: Ninety percent of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) develop voice problems and many consider poor verbal communication skills to be one of their most serious concerns. Method: The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine whether a combined vocal pedagogy and voice therapy approach that emphasizes vocal effort and includes singing as half of each treatment session, improves the vocal ability of people with PD. The protocol consisted of 12 group sessions involving vocal, speech and singing exercises. Measures were taken with a stopwatch and the Visipitch® before and after 12 treatment sessions. Results: With correction for multiple variables, differences in pre–post measures of maximum intensity (loudness) range (dB) and average frequency or pitch (Hz) in oral reading were statistically significant. Conclusion: Group vocal strengthening activities that include singing may help maintain vocal skills and slow the vocal deterioration that often accompanies PD.


»WE USED TO ENJOY FREE AFTERNOONS - TO TAKE SOMETHING LIKE THAT AWAY FROM WORKERS...«: MEMORY OF WOMEN'S LEISURE TIME AND WORK IN THE PERIOD OF THE SOCIALIST SLOVENIA In her contribution the author focuses on understanding the interconnection of work and leisure time in the period of the socialist Slovenia/Yugoslavia (1945-1991). She is interested in the meaning that women ascribed to their leisure time (understood as a reward for the workers during socialism) in comparison with gainful employment. She also pays special attention to the issue of how women experienced their leisure time in comparison with unpaid housekeeping and through the perspective of the so-called »double burden« in socialism, and how they experience it today, in the context of the capitalist market economy. The contribution is based on the fieldwork analysis, focused on the interviews with retired women, revealing their everyday life on the micro level. The goal of the »oral history« approach, used in the contribution, is not to reconstruct the socialist past and record it chronologically, but to present the perspective based on the women's experience and their everyday practices, contributing an additional perspective to the existing official political and economic history descriptions.


The waterlogging tolerance of 10 tree species(including Miscanthus floridulus,Taxodium ascendens,Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Pterocarya stenoptera,Salix hallaisanensis,Populus deltoids,Bischofia javanica,Sinocalamus affinis,Sinocalamus latiflorus and Dendrocalamus minor) were studied by planting them in artificial pools and nutritional characteristics of three years old tree leaves were determined to screen out tree species with strong waterlogging tolerance which were suitable to plant in Three Gorges Reservoir area.The results showed that waterlogging tolerance of Taxodium ascendens was the strongest,Taxodium ascendens,Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Pterocarya stenoptera and Salix hallaisanensis could be alive for more than 150 days in partially waterlogged condition.Therefore,Taxodium ascendens is the best tree species suitable to grow in seasonally flooded areas.Taxodium ascendens,Brongn,Metasequoia glyptostroboide and Salix hallaisanensis could grow in soils with high water content.nutrients in the tree leaves varied seasonally.As weather temperature increased,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium also raised.But they decreased gradually in the autumn.Populus deltoids and Bischofia javanica needed more nutrients and were suitable to grow in fertile bank soils compared to the other two tree species,which could adapt to both fertile and poor bank soils because of fewer nutrients needed.


Using bank-level panel data from the United Kingdom, this paper investigates the factors that influence banks' choice of risk-based capital ratios. The study focuses on evaluating the role of regulatory capital requirements. Findings indicate that such requirements, even when not binding, affect banks' capital management practices and suggest that banks maintain targeted buffers above regulatory thresholds. That behavior differs across several dimensions, including bank size, nearness to regulatory minimum, reliance on core (equity) capital and exposure to market discipline. Capital ratios also vary over the economic cycle. These findings have implications for the ongoing review of international capital standards.


Wayside shrines - representing Hindu and Catholic divinities and saints - show an astonishing dynamic in the cities of Goa and India. Not only do they persist in a milieu of drastic modern change that often seems to be at odds with their traditional locations, aesthetics and purposes, but also some of them surpass temples, churches and mosques in popularity. The popularity of these seemingly marginal religious monuments is a response to three forms of mobility characterizing modern Indian urban environments: cultural mobility - the diversification and fluctuation of religious ideas and practices; social mobility - the diversification and fluctuation of people from different castes, social classes and geographical regions, as well as the change of caste and class status due to socio-economic change; and physical mobility - the movement of and movement around increasingly dense and complex flows of motorized traffic. The shrines modify and transform the centuries-old spatio-religious system of Hindus and Catholics to fit the conditions of late-modern city life. They allow a culturally diversifying, socially changing and geographically fluctuating population to engage with a variety of personalized deities and saints whose charismatic authority is not only quite independent from formalized local social hierarchies, but often also cuts across orthodox divisions between religious traditions. Copyright (c) 2008 The Author. Journal Compilation (c) 2008 Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


Current neuropsychological tests based clinical methods are often difficult to interpret for localizing seizure foci in epilepsy patients. The purpose of this study is to predict with a high degree of certainty the location of the epileptogenic foci in epilepsy patients. First, neuropsychological tests data containing information thought to be relevant to the decision making process was extracted from patients' files. Next, the collected data was normalized and based on statistical analysis techniques. A set of best features was selected. These selected features were then analyzed using different classification techniques. The performance of each classifier was compared through the receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results show that the radial basis function classifier yielded the most promising results although other classification techniques produced satisfactory results as well.


Diversity in coaching: working with gender, culture, race and age, edited by Jonathan Passmore, London, Association for Coaching, and London and Philadelphia, Kogan Page, 2009, xvi+287pp., £24.95/U...


An enhanced first-order shear deformation theory (EFSDT) is developed for linear viscoelastic analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plates. Improved strain energy expression of the conventional Reissner/Mindlin first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) through strain energy transformation is derived in the Laplace domain by minimizing the strain energy difference between FSDT and an efficient higher-order zigzag theory (EHOPT). The convolution theorem of Laplace transformation is applied to circumvent the complexity of dealing with linear viscoelastic materials. The present EFSDT with the Laplace domain approach has the same computational advantage of the conventional FSDT while improving upon the accuracy of the viscoelastic response by utilizing the postprocess recovery procedure. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed theory are demonstrated through the numerical results obtained herein by comparing to those available in the open literature.


A Wide wavelength tunable laser is needed for Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing (ROADM) networks, since it realizes flexible network, effectively employing wavelength resources, and inventory cost reduction. Several types currently exist, but they all are difficult to produce; that is, their mass producibility is not high and they have many components. In particular, monolithically integrated wavelength tunable lasers, such as DFB array, and SG(Sampled Grating)-DBR based structures, have been developed. While these lasers have good performance, they require complex InP growth steps and processing. The external cavity lasers also have good performance, but require precise manual assembly and have moving parts. We have proposed novel tunable laser consisting of silica waveguide ring resonator connected directly to semiconductor optical amplifier. This laser structure has several advantages, such as a simple laser structure suitable for mass-production and high reliability due to having a stable thermal optic phase shifter and no moving parts. This paper gives recent progress in waveguide ring resonator based tunable laser. Low loss and high performance silica waveguide ring resonator, which was suitable for tunable laser, was successfully fabricated using high index contrast SiON core. Double-ring resonators successfully attained 45-nm and 160-nm wavelength tuning operations, which was the largest wavelength tuning range in a tunable laser with no mechanical moving parts reported to date. Triple-ring resonator demonstrated stable full L-band tuning operations with 50-GHz wavelength spacing. We believe that silica waveguide ring resonator based tunable laser is very suitable for not only mass production, but also widely wavelength tuning and stable single mode operations.


Gomphonitzschia ungeri Grunow, a species from tropical waters, is not registred in european flora.
This diatom is located in two pools of an urban park around Nancy (Lorraine, France).
Key-words: Algae, diatoms, Gomphonitzschia ungeri, France.


Although retail bank patronage have been a topic of interest to marketing researchers since late 1960s, the attraction between banks and undergraduate segment has received little interest from marketing academics. This paper analysed the factors considered important by undergraduates in Malaysia in selecting a bank and to examine whether undergraduates constitute a homogeneous group in relation to the way they select a bank. Results of the factor analysis for the total sample indicate that the bank selection decision is based primarily on nine selection criteria. 'Secure feelings' was the most important factor in influencing the students in selecting a bank. 'ATM service' was the second prioritized factor followed by 'financial benefits'. The next three criteria, ranked fourth, fifth and sixth, respectively, were 'service provision', 'proximity' and 'branch location' that can be grouped as moderate factors. By contrast, the students considered 'non-people influential', 'attractiveness' and 'people influences' which were ranked seventh, eighth and ninth, respectively, did not play significant roles in influencing their decision in selecting the bank. It is interesting to note that the responses did not constitute a homogenous group since gender, stream of study, ethnicity and number of saving accounts held produced different prioritized factors in bank selection.


Although the demands and sales of cordless vacuum cleaner are on the rise in the global home appliance markets, consumers face the inconvenience of short battery life and frequent emptying of the dust box. To solve this inconvenience, a station tower that can automatically charge the
 battery and empty the dust box has been developed. However, aerodynamic noise generated when the station tower sucks dust causes another inconvenience. The purpose of this study is to identify the major aerodynamic noise sources that occur when such a station tower is connected to a wireless
 vacuum cleaner and operate, and to develop a low-noise design based on this. First, the entire flow path of a cordless vacuum cleaner and a station tower was simulated using the unsteady compressible RANS equations. Then, the main aerodynamic noise sources were identified using the vortex
 sound sources. From these results, the flow region through the head throat of the cordless vacuum cleaner was identified one of the most significant aerodynamic noise sources. Based on the identified noise source mechanism, new throat design was proposed, and its validity was investigated
 using a high-resolution Large Eddy Simulation technique. It was found that the strength of vortex sound source of pipe flow through the new head throat was much less than the original one. Finally, the new design geometry was applied to create a prototype, and the sound pressure spectrum measured
 for the prototype was compared to the original, which showed that the radiated noise level of the new one was less than the original one.


Ionic liquids-modified Ni/Al2O3 catalysts are found to be alternatively excellent media for the heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation of halonitrobenzenes to corresponding haloanilines.It gives rise to higher selectivity and lower dehalogenation in the hydrogenating process compared with that observed in conventional nickel catalyst.


The oblique interaction between two dust-ion acoustic (DIA) solitons travelling in the opposite direction, in a collisionless magnetized plasma composed of dynamic ions, static dust (positive/negative) charged particles and interialess kappa distributed electrons is investigated. By employing extended Poincare–Lighthill–Kuo (PLK) method, Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations are derived for the right and left moving low amplitude DIA solitons. Their trajectories and corresponding phase shifts before and after their interaction are also obtained. It is found that in negatively charged dusty plasma above the critical dust charged to ion density ratio the positive polarity pulse is formed, while below the critical dust charged density ratio the negative polarity pulse of DIA soliton exist. However it is found that only positive polarity pulse of DIA solitons exist for the positively charged dust particles case in a magnetized nonthermal plasma. The nonlinearity coefficient in the KdV equation vanishes for the ne...


Joint Forest Management (JFM) in India provides local communities with forest usufructs such as fuelwood, fodder, non-timber forest produce and a share in the final timber harvest in lieu of their forest protection and regeneration activities. Such usufructs, alone, are unlikely to sustain interest in the JFM programme. Instead, village resource development activities may provide a potent mechanism for reducing dependence on forests, for enhancing participation in the JFM programme and for leading to improvements in people's livelihood status. Through case studies on the experiences with village development in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, this paper attempts to make a case for using JFM as a medium for localized development and for diversifying and encouraging fund sources for this purpose, particularly village common funds. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


Polymyositis(PM) and dermatomyositis(DM) are systemic autoimmune diseases that affect the skeletal muscles and other internal organs,especially the respiratory system.Respiratory diseases negatively affects their prognosis.Aspiration pneumonia and interstitial lung disease(ILD) are two frequent manifestations,pulmonary hepertension is a not rare complication.Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare but severe complication of PM/DM.Aspiration pneumonia result in an increased mortality rate for patients with PM/DM.Stopping drinking and eating by mouth,and antibiotics are used for these patients as soon as possible.For PM/DM patients,arthralgia or arthritis,periungual telangiectasia and anti-jo-1 antibody are associated with the presence of ILD.It has been established that ILD can appear concomitantly with,before,or after the diagnosis of PM/DM.Clinical manifestations of PM/DM associated ILD are similar with other causes of ILD.There are three different clinical patterns of the ILD based on the clinical symptoms: acute or subacute interstitial pneumonia pattern,slowly progressive pattern,and asymptomatic pattern.Corticosteroid or corticosteroid combine imunosuppressive drugs are used in the treatment of PM/DM patients with ILD.This review is to describe all of these respiratory complications of PM/DM just as what we have known recently.


This study explores the relationship between the cost of capital and the quality of accounting information for a sample of Tunisian firms listed on the stock exchange of Tunis. We chose the determinants of the cost of capital according to previous literature. Our results show the existence of a negative association between the cost of capital and the quality of accounting information. Note also that the cost of capital depends positively on the debt, the return on equity, and volatility. The results of the study provide an important contribution to the understanding of the complex relationship between accounting information quality of Tunisian firms and the cost of capital.


This paper generalizes the definition and characteristics of digital library's information ethics and demonstrates its function in the construction and development of digital library,the harms caused by the absence of information ethics,the reason,main contents of information ethics of digital library and the countermeasures.


A 3-year-old girl with the Hand-Schuller-Christian type of histiocytosis-X had involvement of the nails and paronychium. These lesions responded to antineoplastic therapy and have recurred several times when such therapy was discontinued.


Bruxism is a stereotyped movement disorder of tooth grinding or clenching. Unlike sleep bruxism, awake or diurnal bruxism is not a sleep disorder, but is secondary to disorders of the central nervous system, such as Parkinson's disease, stroke and advanced dementia. Besides causing tooth damage, temporomandibular disorders and headache, awake bruxism has a poor remission rate and can lead to depression. Awake bruxism is present in approximately 20% of the general population and 4% of people with Alzheimer's disease, but its management is rarely discussed in the literature. In a case series, bruxism and facial dystonia were present in dementia patients after chronic antipsychotics use. I report a case of debilitating awake bruxism that developed during the course of Alzheimer's dementia, unrelated to neuroleptic use. A 79-year-old Italian man presented to a memory clinic in Australia, with a 2-year history of progressive short-term memory loss, increasing apathy, new alcohol demand, visual hallucination of animals in the evening and a constant audible teeth grinding in the day, which distracted him from social interaction. Remission of bruxism was partial during eating and speaking. He was not taking any medications. Examination demonstrated phasic teeth grinding and extensive teeth wearing, but no extrapyramidal features or transient hypertonicity induced by distraction. MiniMental State Examination (MMSE) score was 20 out of 30. A diagnosis of Lewy body dementia was possible, but psychometric testing was consistent with moderate dementia of Alzheimer's type. Computed tomography revealed age-related cerebral atrophy. Functional imaging and electromyographic findings of awake bruxism were not recorded. His visual hallucination resolved with risperidone at 1 mg daily and alcohol cessation. Galantamine at 16 mg daily substantially reduced teeth grinding and improved MMSE to 25 three months after commencement. The present case highlights that galantamine may have dual benefit in modulating cognition and bruxism symptoms, although evidence of its direct effect on symptom relief is insufficient in the presence of alcohol use, which is a known risk factor for awake bruxism. The lack of prior neuroleptic use excludes the diagnosis of orofacial tardive dystonia. The biochemical origin of bruxism involves complicated interactions of various neurotransmitters. A central role of the dopaminergic system in awake bruxism was suggested from clinical observations in patients with Parkinson's disease and attenuation of symptoms with dopaminergic medications. A favorable response to galantamine in the present patient suggests that bruxism in dementia might also involve the cholinergic pathway. Galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor that potentiates acetylcholine, might have an inhibitory effect on dopamine-induced oral dyskinesia. Its selective nicotinic enhancement effect may or may not worsen tremor. Additionally, relief of anxiety might be an alternative explanation of the favorable response. The use of risperidone needs to be cautious, as its dopamine blockade can worsen patients' teeth grinding. Clinically, the present patient did not show fluctuations between tonic and phasic bruxism with the administration of risperidone and galatamine, which would otherwise be suggestive of underlying neurochemical dysfunction involving dopamine and acetylcholine. Pharmacological treatment has a role in managing awake bruxism in patients with dementia, who have poor tolerance to regular mouth guard use or botulinum toxin injection to muscles of mastication.


The theoretical framework of "just peace", as developed by the Christian peace ethics during the last decades, obviously presents an alternative to the Catholic tradition of "just war" without demanding a strict pacifism in return. However, it would be completely misleading if we understood "just peace" as a sort of compromise, balance or medium between the classical concept of bellum iustum and the absolute claim for nonviolence. In contrast, this contribution attempts to demonstrate that "just peace" is able to unfold its normative persuasiveness only by hypostatizing its indispensable opposition to the principle of "just war". In order to provide a consistent line of argumentation, the article predominantly refers on Immanuel Kant to illustrate this specific theoretical and conceptual implication.


To evaluate the quality and simulate the discrimination of rubelite red, 310 rubelite red samples are measured by color i5 colorimeter, based on CIE 1976 L*a*b* uniform color space. Conclusions show that the hue angle of rubelite red can be classified into four series, such as red, pink, purple and violet, and the chroma can be divided into light, medium and intense, vivid with increasing quality, then its lightness can be graded into five levels as dark, slightly dark, medium, slightly bright and bright under standard light source D65. Take the three parameters and the cluster analysis of color coordinates, the rubelite red can be grade into five levels, and it is supposed to predict unknown samples furthermore.


Three new labdane-type diterpenes, excoecarins F, G1, and G2, were isolated from resinous wood of Excoecaria agallocha LINN collected from Okinawa prefecture. Stereochemistries of the new diterpenes were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Excoecarin F was found to possess a chloride element in its structure.


An overall framework for incorporation of corrosion models into probability of failure models for the system is outlined. The approach uses the results of stochastic kinetic models for corrosion evolution to determine the morphology of the affected region. From this morphology, associated local stresses are calculated. This distribution of local stresses is then used with classical fatigue models to predict system probability of failure. As such, corrosion can then be considered as a generalized damage with a quantifiable damage parameter and a relationship between this parameter and the measurable physical properties of the affected regions.


Microwave properties of one-dimensional chiral and chiroferrite media which contain multifilar conducting helices with a common axis and dimensions much less than a wavelength are studied. Different types of resonance phenomena, including chiral, chiral ferromagnetic, and ferromagnetic resonances, are investigated. The influence of magnetostatic field on the frequency dependences of transmission and reflection coefficients are investigated for different types of resonance phenomena. The mutual transformation of polarization of the electromagnetic wave is studied. The real and imaginary parts of effective permeability and permittivity are measured.


The frequencies for the various numbers of charged secondaries emitted from $\mathrm{pp}$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p$, $\mathrm{pn}$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}n$, and $\mathrm{nn}$ collisions from below production threshold to 27-BeV primary energy were found to define a single set of curves which can be expressed by a universal set of "multiplicity distribution functions" constructed from Poisson terms when conservation laws are suitably incorporated. The distribution functions so obtained contain no adjustable parameter and fit well the $\mathrm{NN}$ cosmic-ray jets at 100-250 BeV, the highest energy at which $\mathrm{NN}$ collision data are available. The $\ensuremath{\Lambda}K\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ accompanying the pions produced by ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$ were also found to follow the same distribution. The multiplicity regularity found points immediately to the existence of a number of nearly identical regions or "cells" inside the nucleon and the fireball.


EMPIRICAL MODELING OF ASYNCHRONOUS SCALP RECORDED AND INTRACRANIAL EEG POTENTIALS Komalpreet Kaur Old Dominion University, 2014 Director: Dr. Dean J. Krusienski A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a system that allows people with severe neuro muscular disorders to communicate and control devices using their brain signals. BCIs based on scalp-recorded electroencephalography (s-EEG) have recently been demonstrated to provide a practical, long-term communication channel to severely disabled users. These BCIs use time-domain s-EEG features based on the P300 event-related potential to con vey the user's intent. The performance of s-EEG-based BCIs has generally stagnated in recent years, and high day-to-day performance variability exists for some disabled users. Recently intracranial EEG (i-EEG), which is recorded from the cortical surface or the hip pocampus, has been successfully used to control BCIs in experimental settings. Because these recordings are closer to the sources of the neural activity, i-EEG provides superior signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution, and broader bandwidth compared to s-EEG. How ever, because i-EEG requires surgery and the long-term efficacy for BCIs must still be explored, this approach is still not an option for patients. In order to improve s-EEG BCI performance, it is important understand the underlying brain phenomena and exploit the relationships between the s-EEG and generally superior i-EEG signals. Because the hu man head acts as a volume conductor consisting of the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, skull, and scalp tissue, linear mathematical models can be used to relate s-EEG and i-EEG. This dissertation presents unique s-EEG and i-EEG data that were recorded from the same sub jects and used to develop novel empirical models to estimate s-EEG from i-EEG. These new empirical models can be used to better understand the sources and propagation of the relevant neural activity, as well as to validate existing theoretical volume conduction models. It is envisioned that this knowledge will help to advance algorithms for improving s-EEG BCI performance. This work is dedicated: To the Almighty To my mother, Mrs. Harbhajan Kaur, for her constant motivation and prayers. To my father, Mr. Harbhajan Singh, for having faith in me. To my husband. Dr. Manish Wadhwa, for his constant support and encouragement. To my brother, Mr. Amandeep Singh, for always standing by my side.


In a sudden late-night action, the House voted this week to exempt the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) from strict rules governing federal advisory panels. Academy leaders say the rules would have seriously damaged the NAS9s independent role in advising the government. But the bill, passed on 10 November, also would require the academy9s operating arm--the National Research Council--to allow public comment on the choice of NRC committee members and to provide summaries of all meetings.


Background/Objectives: PID controllers are one of the first solutions often considered in the control of process industries. It has always been very difficult to treat the level anomalies n the real time processes. Particularly the non linear systems and processes have been a challenge in relation with their dynamics and flow properties. Methods/Statistical analysis: Dual Spherical Tank Liquid Level System (DSTLLS) has the characteristics of nonlinearity due to the dynamic behaviour and area of cross section of tank. One of the major problems in process industries is to control of liquid level for Second Order System Plus Delay (SOSPD) system because the presence of time delay in the system can lead to destabilization of the system. This simulation aims at portraying the performance of the designed Internal Model Control (IMC) PID Controller. Using the black box modelling technique the SOSPD is mathematically modelled experimentally, assuming the system to be a Single Input Single Output (SISO) model. Findings: The aim of this paper is to design a PID controller using IMC tuning method for a (DSTLLS) whose modelling has been done in real time. This simulation briefly explains about stabilizing problem for SOSPD system using an IMC PID controller. The designed controller performance is analysed in terms of performance indices like Integral Squared Error (ISE) and Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and time domain specifications like Rise time, Settling time and Peak time. Conclusion: The validation of the performance of the designed controller is performed under MATLAB environment. There can different controllers which can be also experimented on the same mathematical model for different configurations of the system, namely MISO and MIMO.


In the title compound, C18H14O8·2C6H18N3OP, one acid and two phosphoramide molecules are linked together by strong O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. There are two crystallographically independent amide–acid assemblies in the asymmetric unit. Three of the four symmetry-independent phosphoramide molecules adopt propeller-like conformations. The crystal structure is additionally stabilized by C—H⋯O interactions.


The boundary scan technology can make virtual probing, which could improve the overall testability of product and provide an effective approach for PCB's automatic testing based on the bus. In this paper, a new boundary scan cell insertion algorithm is put forward. Grounded on the simplified test signal flow graph st-SFG for modeling the board, the algorithm uses a testability measure based on controllability and observability to evaluate the every node, which is defined according the distance of nodes and primary I/O. At last, an example is given to verify the algorithm. In conclusion, the algorithm in this paper solve the placement problem of boundary scan cell during the PCB automatic testing using the boundary scan buses, which has very important application value.


38 Background: Metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC) with wild-type KRAS are often sensitive to anti-EGFR, but occasionally develop resistance within treatment. A major limitation of treatment that selectively target kinase signaling pathways is the emergence of secondary resistance. However, interlink between emergence of KRAS mutations and secondary resistance to anti-EGFR remains to be further elucidated. In this study, we investigate evolutional changes of KRAS mutations through liquid biopsy in mCRC patients under cetuximab-treatment. Methods: Patients enrolled to receive cetuximab plus FOLFIRI or mFOLFOX6 as first-line treatment. The treatment was anticipated to be continued until disease-progression, intolerable toxic effects, or withdrawal of consent. Blood samples from patients were collected before and every three months during the cetuximab-treatment, and were required at disease-progression. These samples were evaluated for KRAS mutation using the MassARRAY platform. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with KRAS mutation detected during treatment. The clinical outcomes of these patients with emergence of mutant KRAS were further analyzed. Results: 108 mCRC cetuximab-treated patients, 95 patients combined with FOLFIRI and 13 patients with mFOLFOX6, were enrolled between January 2018 and June 2020. The median follow-up time was 26.5 months [interquartile range (IQR), 17.0-37.0 months]. The median duration of cetuximab-treatment was 9.0 months (IQR, 5.0-12.0 months). The percentage of detected KRAS mutations during cetuximab-treatment was 9.26%. Median emergent time of KRAS mutation from initial treatment was 5.0 months (IQR, 2.0-7.5 months). The median duration from KRAS mutation to disease-progression was 3.0 months (IQR, 2.0-6.5 months). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of emergent RAS mutations and RAS wild-type were 8.0 versus 19.0 months ( P = 0.002) and 20.0 versus not-reach months ( P = 0.027), respectively. Conclusions: The identified KRAS mutations as a predictor of early resistance during cetuximab therapy, indicating that emergence of KRAS-mutant clones can be detected 3 months prior to radiographic progression. Emergent RAS mutations were associated with less favorable patient outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT03401957 .


Background and objectives: Coronaviruses are the main causes of respiratory tract infections in humans. They are also the second leading cause of common cold after rhinoviruses, and can lead to otitis media and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular detection of coronaviruses in clinical samples of patients with flu-


ABSTRACT This article explores the effect of mentoring on the career progression of Black and minority ethnic (BME) academics in senior roles in UK higher education institutions (HEIs). It draws on 37 interviews with BME academics working in HEIs in the UK and argues that whilst universities present a strong rhetoric of equality and diversity; this is not necessarily followed by specific policies and procedures which ensure a serious commitment to an equality agenda.


To be to a polymer, including a portion which is represented by any one formula selected from the group consisting of 1a to 1c provides a hardmask composition comprising a monomer and a solvent represented by the formula (2). [Chemical Formula 1a] Formula 1b] Formula 1c] [Formula 2] In Formula 1a, 1b, 1c and 2, And R


College is an accumulation of social-academic components that interact with each other and are pluralistic. Positive interaction between social and academic components can support individual well-being. This study focuses on the psychological construct (subjective well-being) of Javanese college students on two main sources of students, the social component (ethnic identity) and the academic component (academic identity). Partially, the results of this study indicate that only academic identity has a significant relationship with subjective well-being (r = 0.33, p <0.01). While using multiple linear regression analysis shows the results that ethnic identity and academic identity have a significant contribution to subjective well-being (F = 8.83, p <0.01). This finding has implications for primary student services to improve student subjective well-being.


Economic development must comprise women's self-development and their active participation. At the same time, the quality and the standard of women's development influences growth of their offspring, the expansion of the society and the economic development itself. In the course of the opening up, lots of women issues emerge. The question that the criminal issues and women's own legal rights can not be kept has become the important agenda which prevents to define women's position in the development of economy. Family is the cell of the society. From the real life, we find that women's reorientation, that is the further surge in their development and self-improvement influences not only their own fate, but also their children's minds. Essentially, the development of the Chinese women is the part of the development of Chinese economy. During the course of the transformation of the Chinese society, it is of outstanding importance to intensify people's legal background, improve it, attach great importance to protection of women's social status, build the supporting system for minor groups, as far as women and their children will assist the fulfillment of the reorientation to the recognition of their role.


It has recently been suggested by McConnell (D. McConnell, W. Frajola, and D. Deamer, Science, 133:281, 1961) that carbonic anhydrase plays a role in the deposition of the inorganic phase of oral calculus. In a study of the formation and inhibition of calculus, we employed a synthetic medium composed of a bovine submaxillary gland extract fortified with calcium and phosphate (F. Draus and S. Wah Leung, Oral Surg., Oral Med. & Oral Path., 13:224, 1960) to form a synthetic calculuslike material on teeth, which resembles clinical calculus in inorganic composition and organic content. The proposed role of carbonic anhydrase in the formation of oral calculus led us to investigate the carbonic anhydrase content of the submaxillary gland extract and the results are here presented. Carbonic anhydrase was determined by a modification of the potentiometric method of Wilber (K. M. Wilber and W. G. Anderson, J. Biol. Chem., 176:147, 1948). In our test system 4.5 ml. of water and 3.0 ml. of barbital buffer, pH 8.20, were pipetted into a 50-ml. beaker and placed in an ice bath at 20 C. for 5 minutes. The electrodes from a pH meter* were immersed in the solution during the equilibration period. After this time, 3.0 ml. of cold, carbon dioxide water-saturated solution were added to the buffered system from a 3-ml. syringe and the time measured, with an electric stop clock, for the pH to drop to 6.2. In systems in which carbonic anhydrase solutions were added, the volume of water was decreased by the volume of solution added, so that the total volume at all times was 10.5 ml. In determining a defined unit of carbonic anhydrase the following equation was used: E.U. (to t) It, where t and to are time in seconds in the presence and absence of catalyst (Methods in Enzymology [New York: Academic Press, 19551, 2:839). In a series of three determinations, the average time for the pH to drop from 8.2 to 6.2 in the absence of catalyst (to) was 150 ± 2 seconds. For runs in which 0.2 ml. of a 0.04 per cent solution of submaxillary gland extract was added to the test system (t), the average time for the pH drop was 59 ± 1 second. A calculation of the number of defined units of carbonic anhydrase from these data indicated 20 units per mg. of crude submaxillary gland extract. For comparative purposes, purified carbonic anhydraset was obtained, and the number of units determined as above. The results indicated 1,040 units per mg. of enzyme preparation. To prove that the pH drop with the submaxillary gland extract was due to the presence of carbonic anhydrase, test systems were set up in which cyanide, a non-specific inhibitor, and sodium diamox, a specific inhibitor of the enzyme, were added. The times required for the pH to drop in the blank system (to) and the test system (t) containing enzyme and inhibitor were identical, proving the presence of carbonic anhydrase. The results, therefore, showed the presence of carbonic anhydrase in the submaxillary gland extract. Its role in the formation of synthetic calculus will be investigated.


In the present project, the widest possible variety of coats applied by means of high-speed flame spraying are investigated with regard to their applicability to components of hydroelectric power stations. The investigations concentrate on protective coats for the wear surfaces of turbine wheels and various guide vanes. The structural shapes and specific features of different turbine wheels, forms of wear phenomena and their causes as well as experience with different materials and coatings are described. The resulting planning and stipulation of suitable testing conditions for the targeted investigations with high-speed flame- sprayed coats are also described. Paper text in German.


The new product is small cubes of fresh fish witch are stir fried with mushroom filaments,soya bean paste and some kinds of edible seasonings.It is characterized by not only pork mince with mushroom but also special scent of fish.It is a nutritions,delicious dish for meal.


In this article we study some general classes of trigonometric cumulative distribution functions.We consider also modified families of ''adaptive functions'' with ''fractional linear correction''.Here we will also focus on a hypothetical adaptive function, which we will call the ''difference adaptive function'' (DAF).We study the ''saturation'' - $d$ in the Hausdorff sense for some special cases of the families.Numerical examples, illustrating our results using CAS MATHEMATICA are given.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of JAK1 polymorphisms with allergic rhinitis in China Han population.

METHOD
A total of 450 patients with AR and 615 healthy subjects as control were genotyped for the presence of three single nucleotide polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PGR-RFLP) analysis of DNA extracted from blood samples.

RESULT
All control subjects were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, but high frequencies of JAK1 the homozygous rs310241 CC genotype were observed in AR patients compared to controls (P < 0.05). The results also revealed that there was no association between the rest of two investigated SNPs and AR.

CONCLUSION
Our results suggested that JAK1 gene rs310241 CC genotype was associated with patients with AR.


As an aid to studies of various corrosion phenomena occurring in sour-gas environments, researchers from Southwest Texas State University and Southwest Research Institute have identified most of the corrosion inhibitors presented in Soviet literature, which are frequently identified only by an abbreviation, symbol, or code. The active ingredients or compositions are presented along with sources of identification.


OBJECTIVE
To establish preoperatively the localization of the cortical projection of the inferior choroidal point (ICP) and use it as a reliable landmark when approaching the temporal horn through a middle temporal gyrus access. To review relevant anatomical features regarding selective amigdalohippocampectomy (AH) for treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).

METHOD
The cortical projection of the inferior choroidal point was used in more than 300 surgeries by one authors as a reliable landmark to reach the temporal horn. In the laboratory, forty cerebral hemispheres were examined.

CONCLUSION
The cortical projection of the ICP is a reliable landmark for reaching the temporal horn.


Medical checkup and treatment with an advanced technique of treatment and rehabilitation of 103 women who having salpingo-peritoneal sterility after laparoscopic conservative-restorative operations on uterine tubes are made. It is established that the applied technique provides uterine tubes permeability restoration and high enough pregnancy possibility also.


The article notes that most large firms hold annual leadership summits for their top executives and discusses how to make these events more productive. Consideration is given to directing, designing, planning, and coordinating a summit, the pace and rhythm of summit sessions and the need for flexibility within them, improving communication between presenters and attendees, ensuring that the spread of ideas at a summit leads to later collaboration among attendees, materials to be provided to attendees, and ensuring the fulfillment of commitments made at a summit.


Strains and stresses in early‐age silicate composites, widely used in civil engineering, especially in fresh concrete mixtures, in addition to those caused by exterior mechanical loads, are results of complicated non‐deterministic physical and chemical processes. Their numerical prediction at the macro‐scale level requires the non‐trivial physical analysis based on the thermodynamic principles, making use of micro‐structural information from both theoretical and experimental research. The paper introduces a computational model, based on a nonlinear system of macroscopic equations of evolution, supplied with certain effective material characteristics, coming from the micro‐scale analysis, and sketches the algorithm for its numerical analysis.


This paper considers problem of unconventional resources development in Western Siberia region. Reviewed combination of methods - microseismic treatment monitoring and cross-dipole acoustic logging to optimize development and stimulation programs based on natural fractures parameters and geomechanical properties.


The least-squares solutions of inverse problems of generalized centro-symmetric matrices is discussed,and the general expression of the solution is obtained.Moreover,for the special cases of the least-squares problems,the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability are given.The optimal approximation solution for generalized Centro-symmetric matrices is given.


The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy and chemical engineering. The process comprises the following steps of: firstly, crushing chromite, adding sodium hydroxide and a catalyst to be oxidized and roasted by using a low-temperature pure oxygen method; diluting, cooling, extracting and filtering to obtain a sodium chromate crystal and ferrum-magnesium slag; adding an alkali washing solution into a sodium hydroxide solution to back extract to obtain the sodium hydroxide solution for recycling; adding water into the sodium chromate crystal and ferrum-magnesium slag to be dissolved and feeding filtrate into a carbonizer to decompose to extract aluminum; carbonizing, evaporating, condensing and crystallizing the extracted solution to obtain sodium chromate; and carbonizing ferrum-magnesium filter slag to generate sodium bicarbonate, reacting to generate a magnesium hydrogen carbonate solution, heating and cracking to generate a magnesium carbonate product and drying a filter cake to obtain ore refined powder; and secondly, crushing chromium residue, adding sodium bicarbonate in the ration of 1:8, adding a catalyst for calcination, cooling and adding water to soak; adding an aluminum hydroxide crystal into supernatant liquid, carbonizing and decomposing to remove aluminum in a reaction tank; filtering and washing an aluminum hydroxide product; adding a reducing agent into the filtrate to reduce hexavalent chromium to generate anhydrous chromium hydroxide and drying and roasting to obtain chromium sesquioxide; and returning the filtrate to a system for mixing after pyrolyzing and extracting to remove magnesium.


Abstract A total of 1981 bp of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA and cytochrome b genes were analyzed in five boine and one pythonine snake species to determine phylogenetic relationships between Malagasy and Neotropical taxa included in the genus Boa. The obtained cladograms significantly grouped Boa constrictor with the Neotropical genera Eunectes and Epicrates, whereas the Malagasy species were the sister group of the clade of the three Neotropical taxa. Based on these results, Sanzinia and Acrantophis should be considered as valid generic names for the Malagasy boas. Their origin may be a result of a Cenozoic dispersal from Africa or Asia.


Inferring wind-fields from remote observations poses two issues that need to be tackled: the first one is to represent two-dimensional Gaussian fields, or processes (for each location we have random variables specifying the X-, and Y-directions. The second problem is the inference with the inherently non-tractable likelihood model, governed by the underlying physics governing the wave formation and light reflection from water surfaces.


The primary purpose of this study is to analyze structural factors affecting the cross-sectional variation in occupational differentiation between Blacks and Whites [in the United States]. More specifically this study attempts to analyze the relative importance of the effects of relative size of Black population education level of Blacks community size industrial structure demographic characteristics of the labor force and region on the cross-sectional variation in occupational differentiation between Blacks and Whites. (EXCERPT)


In this comparison of the role of interest groups in three different political settings, Harmon Zeigler addresses two main questions: Why do people join organizations? and, Does it matter how a government regulates conflict? In confronting these questions, he describes and contrasts the characteristics of pluralism in the United States, societal corporatism in Europe, and state corporatism, or authoritarianism, in Taiwan. The first book to compare such disparate cultures, "Pluralism, Corporatism, and Confucianism" examines the motivations for group membership and the functions of "encompassing" organizations. While it is generally accepted that the form of government is not the major contributor to the shape or content of policy, Zeigler suggests that there are substantial differences between individualist and collectivist societies.Because Taiwan is a "soft authoritarian" government in its mode of interest group regulation he sees it as lending itself to comparison, as an example of state corporatism, with societal corporatism of Europe. The influence of Confucianism, a secular religion that considers conflict unnatural, is evident in most Asian governments. While "Confucian" countries may vary substantially in their mode of conflict resolution, they usually adhere to the basic ethical principles of Confucius: groups are more important than individuals, and society should be organized hierarchically. In his discussion of Asian corporatism, Zeigler takes note of the recent upheavals in South Korea. Author note: Harmon Zeigler is Philip M. Phibbs Distinguished Professor of American Politics at the University of Puget Sound and Affiliate Professor at the University of Washington.


PURPOSE: A semiconductor integrated circuit device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve a characteristic of an insulating film as well as to reduce a size of the semiconductor integrated circuit device. CONSTITUTION: A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes a plurality of columnar MISFETs(Metal Insulator Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors)(P1,P2) having first and second semiconductor regions on upper and lower portions, respectively, and a plurality of vertical MISFETs. The vertically MISFET includes a conductive film formed adjacent to a first insulating film(70a) on a sidewall of a columnar laminate. The columnar laminate and the conductive film are spaced by a first distance in a first direction, and further spaced by a second distance, which is greater than the first distance, in a second direction. A second insulating film(70b) is formed in a space between the columnar laminates in the first direction up to at least a predetermined height of the columnar laminate. A second insulating film and a third insulating film are formed in a space between the columnar laminates in the second direction.


A approach to stabilizing the angular position of a large space structure is proposed, which is based on the prediction of the process of increasing the elastic oscillations of the structure. Of the many multi-frequency oscillations of the design, the dominant oscillating component is distinguished, information about which is used to predict. An algorithm for analyzing the dominant component is given. The task of setting the parameters of the basic algorithm for controlling the large space construction is solved. This setting allows you to stabilize the dominant component without the additional cost of control energy and ensure the required stabilization.


An undercooled liquid exhibits crystalline fluctuations, some of which grow into crystal of macroscopic dimension, while smaller fluctuations disappear. We present a model which allows for exact analytic characterization of the inhomogeneous critical nucleus, the smallest fluctuation which will give rise to crystal growth, in terms of a single spatially varying order parameter for the degree of crystallinity. The model is built around the square‐gradient approximation for the free energy with a simple double‐parabolic form for the homogeneous component. We study the radius, free energy of formation, and profile of the critical nucleus as functions of the liquid undercooling and compare these with results from an earlier nonclassical theory and from the classical capillarity approximation. The time evolution of the order parameter is described by a phase‐field equation which is easily solved numerically for growth dynamics of initially supercritical fluctuations or for the regression of subcritical profiles.