Numerous emerging applications exploit a combination of data-intensive services and complex networking fabrics; prominent examples include ubiquitous sensor networks, peer-to-peer systems, continuous queries, and deep web querying. These applications share a common architectural theme: the composition of operators over unpredictable streams of networked data. In this paper, we present Telegraph, an adaptive dataflow system for managing streams of networked data. Telegraph provides an extensible dataflow architecture appropriate both for actively streaming data, and for "still" data that can be streamed from storage servers into the system. Telegraph provides adaptive components for flow optimization, fault tolerance, and resource sharing; it encapsulates these components as operators in a flow, thus masking the complexity of these features from authors of dataflows or new dataflow operators. In the paper we describe our motivation for building an adaptive dataflow infrastructure, and highlight the need for a mix of traditional database system design goals with those of networking systems. We present the design of the first version of Telegraph, report on early applications we have built, and present examples of performance benefits to justify our architectural decisions. We also highlight a number of new research challenges in systems infrastructure for unpredictable dataflows, and discuss the relationship between system infrastructure for streams and a variety of application semantics. 1 Context and Overview A number of emerging applications exploit a combination of data-intensive services and global networking fabrics. The evolution of the "deep web" is one clear example [?], in which centralized databases and data feeds are being made available via the Internet, with a variety of value-added services like comparison shopping or supply chain management stitching such centralized services together into more global federations [?]. This phenomenon is not limited to the web, however. Peer-to-peer filesharing services like Napster and Gnutella represent a new "channel" for data movement on the Internet, which has different administrative, networking, and interface characteristics than the web. Perhaps more revolutionary is the movement towards networks of ubiquitous sensors and actuators [?], with numerous potentially world-changing applications in seismic monitoring, biological fieldwork, medical monitoring and drug delivery, and fine-grained analogs to current supply chain, retail and marketing applications. In all of these data-intensive networked applications, the architectural focus is necessarily around streams of data that flow through and are processed by components of the system. In many emerging applications, these data streams pour continuously out of data feeds such as sensors and news wires. In other cases, stationary data is made to flow, say by initiating or sharing a scan from storage (e.g., [?]), or by pushing data onto a communications channel (e.g. [?, ?]). Given the centrality of streaming data in these environments, a natural challenge is the development of a retargetable infrastructure of dataflow software to support these applications. Of course, dataflow has long been a fundamental concept in database systems. As far back as the initial Ingres and System R designs, relational database query processors have been built around an internal API of composable iterators that route tuples from disk-based access methods through a reusable library of other operators including sorting, selection, and join algorithms. The distributed implementations of these systems adjusted the basic dataflow model in order to more efficiently use network resources [?, ?, ?]. Dataflow played an even more prominent role in the development of Shared Nothing parallel database systems [?, ?, ?] where streams of tuples must be explicitly partitioned across query operators that are replicated on the nodes of a cluster of machines.


The measurement of the cesium (Cs) 5p67d2D5/2 excited state's hyperfine splitting intervals and hyperfine interaction constants was experimentally investigated using a ladder-type (852 nm + 698 nm) three-level Cs system (5p66s2S1/2–5p66p2P3/2–5p67d2D5/2) with a room-temperature Cs atomic vapor cell. By scanning the 698 nm coupling laser's frequency, the Doppler-free high-resolution electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT)-assisted double-resonance optical pumping (DROP) spectra were demonstrated via transmission enhancement of the locked 852 nm probe laser. The EIT-assisted DROP spectra were employed to study the hyperfine splitting intervals for the Cs 5p67d2D5/2 excited state with a room-temperature Cs atomic vapor cell, and the radio-frequency modulation sideband of a waveguide-type electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) was introduced for frequency calibration to improve the accuracy of frequency interval measurement. The existence of EIT makes the DROP spectral linewidth much narrower, and it is very helpful to significantly improve the spectroscopic resolution. Benefiting from the higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and much better resolution of the EIT-assisted DROP spectra, the hyperfine splitting intervals between the hyperfine folds of (F" = 6), (F" = 5), and (F" = 4) of the Cs 5p67d2D5/2 state (HFS6″–5″ = −10.60(17) MHz and HFS5″–4″ = −8.54(15) MHz) were measured and, therefore, the magnetic dipole hyperfine interaction constant (A = −1.70(03) MHz) and the electrical quadrupole hyperfine interaction constant (B = −0.77(58) MHz) were derived for the Cs 5p67d2D5/2 state. These constants constitute an important reference value for an improvement of the precise measurement and determination of basic physical constants.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease accelerate the decline in lung function and health status, as well as in increasing the treatment cost and mortality risk. The spiro metric measurement has several limitations in assessing the severity as well as the exacerbation risk in COPD patients. Currently, has been available serum surfactant protein-D, a marker of lung inflammation and lung tissue damage. This protein is produced by the alveolar type II cells and the Clara cells that play role in maintaining the lung stability and pulmonary immune system. The increased level of serum SPD indicates that there is lung epitihelial leakage in line with COPD severity increment and reflected in COPD exacerbation level of risk according to combined COPD assessment GOLD criteria of the year 2011. The aim of this study was to know the differences of SP-D serum levels between low and high risk of exacerbation in COPD patients by determination them. This study was conducted from March to July 2014. The subjects of this study were COPD patients diagnosed by spiro metric measurement. The research was conducted in comparative analytic way with a cross sectional study design. The statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. The subjects were 62 COPD patients. The SP-D serum level at low risk of exacerbation group differ significantly compared to the high risk exacerbation group, 1.8–68.4 ng/mL and 3.36–116.4 ng/mL respectively (P=0.018). Based on this study it can be concluded that the SP-D serum levels were higher in COPD patients with high risk exacerbation than the lower risk one. The SP-D serum levels may be considered as a specific marker of lung tissue injury to assess the risk of the exacerbation in COPD patients.


Objective To explore the reliability and validation of intensity of self-guided brisk walking in simple obesity patients and to provide evidence for formulating special exercise prescription.Methods One hundred simple obesity patients(BMI28,obese group,O group) and 100 normal weight adults(BMI24,normal weight group,NW group) performed two tests of 2-km brisk walking on alternate days at a self-guided pace(Test1 and Test2).The average pace,heart rate(HR),percentage of maximal heart rate(%HRmax) and ratings of perceived exertion(RPE) were measured during each test;the retest reliability of brisk walking was conducted by correlation test in all indexes of Test1 and Test2;criterion-related validation was analyzed through the threshold(60%-90%HRmax) recommended for improvements in cardiovascular fitness by American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM).Results There were no significant differences of all indexes within groups between Test1 and Test2(all P0.05) and correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9,suggesting high test-retest reliability.The pace was lowered(all P0.01),HR was higher(all P0.01),%HRmax was higher(all P0.01) and there was no significant difference of RPE(P0.05) in O group compared with NW group in Test1 and Test2.The relative exercise intensity in O group(72%HRmax) reached the threshold recommended by ACSM and criterion-related validation r=0.731(P0.01),but in NW group(59%HRmax) the threshold was lowered and criterion-related validation r=0.351(P0.05).Conclusion Exercise intensity of self-guided brisk walking is suitable for simple obesity patients but not for normal weight individuals.RPE may be a valuable indicator for simple obesity patients to monitor exercise intensity of brisk walking.


The synthesis and characterization of a gold nanoparticle functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticle (Au‐MSN) platform for codelivery of proteins and plasmid DNA to plant tissues using a biolistic particle delivery system is reported. The in vitro uptake and release profiles of fluorescently labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) are investigated. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, Au‐MSN with large average pore diameters (10 nm) are shown to deliver and subsequently release proteins and plasmid DNA to the same cell after passing through the plant cell wall upon bombardment. Release of fluorescent eGFP indicates the delivery of active, non‐denatured proteins to plant cells. This advance represents the first example of biolistic‐mediated codelivery of proteins and plasmid DNA to plant cells via gold‐functionalized MSN and provides a powerful tool for both fundamental and applied research of plant sciences.


Abstract : For the more than 40 years of the Cold War, United States grand strategy for national security primarily employed the political and military elements of national power to attain the ultimate objective of the strategy; prevention of Soviet hegemony in Eurasia and eventual defeat of communism. The two fundamental components of the strategy were containment and deterrence. By the end of 1990 the strategy had been successful and, by the end of 1991, the Soviet Union itself had ceased to exist. This study examines the new European environment influencing formulation of an evolving national security strategy. Impacts and implications of a changed Europe are explored by investigating American interests in Europe today, the changing relationship between economics and national security, and threats to U.S. interests in Europe. Recommendations for U.S. National Security Strategy are posited in view of political, economic and military developments in Europe. The United States has significant interests in sustaining peace and stability in a changing and uncertain Europe. Mutual economic security and prosperity have become as important as military collective security alliances and have emerged as a new rationale for continued US commitment to engagement in European affairs.


Abstract : This paper is primarily a report on observations and experience gained during two years of tracking artificial earth satellites from a site at 60 deg. N latitude, using a Baker-Nunn camera. A special effort was made to find the most efficient way of using the camera and the maximum output of observational results to be expected under normal climatic conditions. The mechanical properties of the camera and their limitations were also studied.


This paper presents EMC measurement results for an online wire-diagnosis system integrated in a vehicle. The spectrum control properties of the reflectometry-based MCTDR method make it a good candidate for EMC compliance. This was verified both for conducted and radiated EMC. Results with CAN and FM bands cancellation in the MCTDR signals are presented. This study confirmed the EMC harmlessness of MCTDR when the chosen frequency bands are cancelled in its spectrum.


Voltage sags are momentary dips in voltage that may cause misoperations to the electric utility customers' sensitive loads. These misoperations may only be an annoyance to the residential sector, but, on the industrial and commercial front, they can cost millions of dollars each year. It is impossible to eliminate all of these faults and associated voltage sags, but an improvement can be achieved through power system modifications on both the utility system and the industrial or commercial power system. The evaluation of these system modifications was difficult in the past, but the authors describe a voltage sag analysis program, developed by Power Technologies, Inc., which has simplified the task. The program uses methodologies developed for the update of the IEEE Gold Book (IEEE Standard 493, Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable industrial and Commercial Power Systems). The results of this sag analysis program form the basis of possible future cost-benefit analysis enabling electric utilities and utility customers to make the most economic system modification.


The various types of the Focal Plane Array JR detectors presently in development or under production are characterized by their relatively large size compared with the traditional discrete element detectors. Most of these FPAs contain "on-board" signal processors allowing the number of electrical leads to the cooled detectors plane to be independent of the number of pixels in the array. In general, the total heat load of such detectors is 1.5 -2.0 times larger than an equivalent discrete element type detector assembly. On the other hand, the size of these FPA's dictates the thermal mass of the detector array itself, and in particular when the whole detector/cooled radiation shield/cold optics is considered to be of an order of magnitude larger than an equivalent discrete elements detector assembly. This fact causes the cooldown time requirement to be the lead factor when cooling power is considered, rather than the steady state heat load. In order to achieve miniaturization, low input power and fast cooldown time, a combined team of Cincinnati Electronics, Mason, Ohio and RICOR Ltd., En Harod, Israel are working on the development phase of an integral cooler/dewar assembly - IDCA, specially tailored for FPA type detectors. The design concepts, technical parameters and some experimental test results are presented.


As a model for guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency in humans, a gene knockout mouse model was generated. Here we report on several metabolic abnormalities in these mice, observed by in vivo and in vitro MR spectroscopy. In 1H MR spectra of brain and hindleg muscle a clearly reduced signal of creatine (Cr) was observed in GAMT‐deficient (GAMT–/–) animals. Analysis of the 1H MR spectra of GAMT–/– brain indicated little or no increase of a signal for guanidinoacetate (Gua). In proton MR spectra of muscle, a broad signal of low intensity was observed for Gua. However, substantial Gua accumulation in intact muscle tissue was unequivocally confirmed in high‐resolution magic angle spinning spectra, in which the Gua signal was resolved as one clear sharp singlet. In 31P MR analysis of brain and hindleg muscle a strongly reduced phosphocreatine (PCr) content was shown. In addition, a signal of phosphorylated Gua at 0.5 ppm upfield of PCr was observed, with much higher intensity in muscle than in brain. This signal decreased when ischemia was applied to the muscle and recovered after ischemia was released. Overall, the in vivo 31P and 1H MR spectroscopy of GAMT–/– mice is similar to that of human GAMT deficiency. This opens up new avenues for the fundamental study of tissue‐type dependence of creatine synthesis and transport and for diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of creatine deficiencies in humans. Magn Reson Med 50:936–943, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The article deals with the problem of professional development in the context of digitalization. The author analyzes the changes, taking place in the labor market and in the educational sphere. The question is raised about the impact of digitalization on strategies and mechanisms for organizing time and the image of the professional future, taking into account possible destructive trends in professional development. As a subject of research, a temporat transpective of the personality is proposed as a meaning-forming basis of the life path and a regulator of the subject's professional activity. The author presents the results of an empirical study of the parameters of professional and time perspective, the ability to manage time and psychological resources of stress resistance among university students. It is concluded that the temporal transpective of a person at the stage of obtaining a professional education may be a predictor of successful preadaptation to an nonlinear professional future.


The bachelor work treats of tax yield comparison of selected types of taxes in the Microregion Novobydžovsko. The target of this work is to describe the tax revenue of the municipalities in the Czech Republic as well in the Microregion Novobydžovsko and to compare selected types of taxes in the Microregion Novobydžovsko.


Motivation: Nucleosome organization of DNA plays the key role in transcription initiation. Exhaustive computer analysis of nucleosome formation potential of the regulatory gene regions appears to be of interest. Results: Using the RECON program for constructing nucleosome formation potential (NFP) profiles, we analyzed 5 samples of promoters specific in gene expression pattern and 57 samples of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) regions with flanks. It was shown that the NFP values for promoters are related to tissueand stage-specificity of gene expression. The NFP pattern of the TFBS regions may also serve as a characteristic of the open chromatin structure. Availability: http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/programs/recon/


Early methods that combined kinematic inversion with amplitude inversion have a gap in the resolved wavenumbers between those resolved by the amplitudes of the scattered field and those resolved by the kinematics. This gap required us to add extra constraints to the problem to recover a model that spans the full wavenumber spectrum. Three advances have brought us to a situation where that gap is often closed. 1) Modern seismic acquisition techniques with lower frequency sources and wider offsets have broadened the spectrum of wavenumbers resolved by single scattering inversions. 2) Full wave inversion using the two way wave equation data provides an accurate treatment of multiply scattered data and can accurately treat the low frequency part of the spectrum. 3) Improved tomography techniques now provide kinematic inversions that resolve more detail of the smooth background. This closing of the gap provides us with a new challenge. We have multiple measurements contributing to resolution of the same parts of the model. We must be careful to combine them in a way that honours the accuracy of each of the measurements.


Objective To study the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)sites C1672T,G-207C of OCTN1 and OCTN2 gene,and the susceptibility inflammatory bowel disease in Chinese Zhuang population in Guangxi.Methods One hundred and forty-six unrelated IBD patients(Zhuangs 70 cases,Hans 76 cases)and one hundred sixty-four healthy controls(Zhuangs 80 cases,Hans 87 cases)were recruited.Genomic DNA samples were obtained from intestinal tissues by phenol chloroform extraction method.Polymorphisms of OCTN1 gene C1672T and OCTN2 gene G-207C were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).Results The mutant genotypes of OCTN1 gene C1672T and OCTN2 gene G-207C were not found in both IBD patients and healthy controls.Conclusion The gene polymorphisms of OCTN1 gene C1672T and OCTN2 gene G-207C are not associated with IBD in the Chinese Zhuang population in Guangxi.


This paper proposes a conceptual revisiting of population dynamics to include heterogeneous behaviors of individuals, mutations, and selection. The first part of the paper focuses on the derivation of a general mathematical structure which permits to describe systems composed of individuals whose interactions are stochastic. Hybrid models where some of the populations follow a deterministic dynamics are also discussed. The second part deals with two specific applications, namely the effect of the cellular aging in the virus infection process and the dynamics of virus mutation and competition with the immune system. Sample simulations are presented and classical models of population dynamics are critically analyzed in light of the proposed approach.


This paper looks at the academic staff selection practices at the Colleges of Technology in Oman. An inductive reasoning or bottom up approach was used in this research project. The main method of data collection used was semi-structured interviews conducted with selected government officials whose position and experience would enable them to provide useful data on the issues being explore. Some of the main findings of the research was that the interviewers predominantly conducted unstructured interviews and the interviewers had not received any training on how to conduct interviews and carryout the selection process. In addition, the interviewers did not have any standard selection criteria when recruiting academic staff to the college of technology. The research findings will help administrators in Oman to improve the recruitment and selection process of academic Staff.


Introduction - Phlebotomy, an invasive procedure, is performed for the blood donation practice. The altruistic attitude of blood donation can be made pleasurable if the donor safety is kept as the main concern. Safe blood donation procedure is also an essential prerequisite to increase the Voluntary Blood Donation Drive. Adverse donor reactions are not uncommon in this relatively safe procedure. One such donor reaction is the rare event of Arterial Puncture during phlebotomy. Aim - To evaluate our experience on the Arterial puncture phlebotomy in Whole blood donation. Materials and Methods- Donor demographics, Phlebotomists experience on the suspected arterial puncture were evaluated during the study period of 8 years from January 2008 to December 2015.Results- Total donors -16,708, Arterial punctures were 3(incidence of 0.018 percent ),all were first time Voluntary male donors,2 cases suspected with the rapidity of blood flow  during the procedure and same discontinued in less than 3 minutes and 1 case suspected due to delayed bleeding,  hematoma formation. In all cases the blood was bright red color, phlebotomy puncture site was the Median cubital vein on the left upper limb. Immediate post donation care with good communication, kept all the 3 donors away from anxiety and follow up period was uneventful. We had all of them for repeat voluntary blood donation (100 percent).  Conclusion - Our study shows, the rare event of arterial   puncture during the Whole Blood Phlebotomy, could be   tackled judiciously without further complications if the   expectation and high suspicion for the same is kept, and  supervised more closely, making the donation safe, anxious free which aids in repeat donation .


This article develops the critical reviews of the leadership development terrain and argues for the necessity to consider and explore the pedagogic spaces of leadership development and its constitutive dynamics . It first synthesises the theoretical debates on pedagogic space by identifying five relevant themes and how pedagogic and learning spaces are differentiated. It locates itself within these debates, focusing on assemblage, embodiment and enactment. It then draws on a case study of the South African retail banking sector to suggest a sectoral analysis. The value and contribution of this is the attention to different levels of analysis and the theme of journeys. It allows for the consideration of, and deliberation on, expanding and opening up pedagogic and learning spaces.


Errata p. 128, note 11 should read: "Reading with British Library MS Add. 25750 and Berlin MS Petermann I 194 rather than with the printed editions, which have min." p. 128, note 12 should read: "Reading with British Library MS Add. 25750 and Berlin MS Wetzstein II 240 rather than with Berlin MS Petermann I 194 and the printed editions, which have al-usūd." p. 133, line 2: "biographical dictionary" should read "topographical dictionary". p. 135, line 28: "an sarrahu" should read "man sarrahu"


Nowadays talking about quality involves talking about assessment too, since the concern about the quality has led to the need of assessment. It is unquestionable that assessment and quality have a dependent relationship between each other and it can not be conceived one without the other. This straight relationship between assessment and quality is also a reality in education, where all the aspects related to learning and teaching are under assessment. Thus, it is important thatteaching staff can develop some abilities associated to assessment theory and practice so that they can improve the quality of education. The following research has started out from a previous study in which we analyzed the needs of assessment training that special education teachers in Murcia (Spain) have. In order to meet all the assessment needs of these teachers, we have designed an intervention programme, adapted to the specific features of a group of twenty special education teachers from Murcia, to whom we applied this programme. The assessment of both the design and the results of the implementation of this programme has turned out to be very satisfactory. This proves the quality of the programme due to the fact that it has managed to strengthen the 'Know', the 'Know-how' and the 'Know-how-to-be' abilities of the participating teachers.


Objective: To observe the effect of atorvastatin on endothelium-dependent diastolic function(EDD) of brachial artery in patients with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) by using high-frequency ultrasonic imaging.Methods: Screening fifty patients of IGT from health examination,and high-frequency ultrasonic imaging was used to detect the changes of EDD brachial artery after administration with atorvastatin.Results: Six months after atorvasstatin treatment,the EDD of brachial artery was improved(P 0.05),and there was significant difference compared with control group(P 0.05).Conclusion: Atorvastatin may be effective to improve the EDD of arteries.


ABSTRACT
 This paper intends to reflect on some ways of learning present in Candomblé, an Afro-Brazilian religion, and the relations between making, knowing, and being that compose this system. Based on an ethnographic experience carried out in Salvador, Bahia, the paper aims to explore the notion of path (caminho), as a way of articulating being and making, gift and initiation, to com`pose a partial and situated knowledge. In this sense, it argues that the learning system of Candomblé is a transformative process that involves a hesitantly know-how that is constituted by practical experiences and dealings with unknown forces, in a game of visibilities and invisibilities that, playing with Tim Ingold's work, we could call an 'education of distraction'. Finally, the paper proposes to reverberate this way of learning into anthropological practice itself, thinking of it as a partial, hesitant and transformative process that is constituted in the very experience of the encounter.


Abstract : The long-term goal is to develop a comprehensive understanding of (1) high-frequency scattering from the air-sea interface and its relation to the directional wave spectrum, including scattering from bubbles near this interface, and (2) of high-frequency acoustic propagation and scattering in bubbly media characteristic of the surf zone, and the near-surface acoustic environment. The ultimate goal is to obtain realistic, physics-based, predictive models for scattering and propagation phenomena. The objective is to conduct field studies in bistatic sea surface scattering and laboratory studies in multiple scattering from well-characterized bubble fields, and to interpret results from these experiments with physical models.


Background: Distant metastasis is the major cause of mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC). We performed a systemic, comprehensive discovery for expression patterns of metastasis-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) by directly comparing primary CRCs (pCRCs) and matched liver metastases (LMs) and evaluated the feasibility of their clinical application as metastasis-specific biomarkers. Methods: CRC metastasis–specific miRNA profiles were generated by analyzing nine pairs of pCRC and LM tissues, followed by quantitative validation in an independent cohort of 58 pairs of matched pCRC and LM tissues. We evaluated associations between miRNA expression and patient survival and ability to predict metastasis in another 84 patients with CRC. Subsequently, associations were quantitatively validated in 175 CRC tissues and 169 serum samples. Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and logistic regression analyses were used. All statistical tests were twosided. Results: Twenty-three miRNAs were identified that were differentially expressed between pCRC and LM (P < .001; FDR < .5). Four miRNAs downregulated in LM (let-7i, miR-10b, miR-221, and miR-320a) and one upregulated miR (miR-885-5p) were quantitatively validated in pCRC (P < .0001). Low let-7i expression in pCRC tissue predicted worsened prognosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0 to 24.4, P = .0479) as well as distant metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 5.5, 95% CI = 1.1 to 26.8, P = .0334). High miR-10b expression in pCRC tissue independently predicted distant metastasis (OR = 4.9, 95% CI = 1.2 to 19.7, P = .0248). High serum miR-885-5p expression independently predicted prognosis (HR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.1 to 7.5, P = .0323), LN metastasis (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.3 to 7.2, P = .0116), and distant metastasis (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.0 to 10.0, P = .0456), whereas tissue miR-885-5p expression did not. Expression patterns of miRNAs were confirmed by in situ hybridization. Conclusions: We discovered a metastasis-specific miRNA signature in pCRCs and discovered novel tissueand serum-based CRC metastasis–specific miRNA biomarkers through intensive validation. These unique miRNAs may be clinically applicable to predict prognosis and distant metastasis in CRC. D ow naded rom http/academ ic.p.com /jnci/article-a/107/3/dju492/923890 by gest on 23 Feruary 2019 2 of 11 | JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst, 2015, Vol. 107, No. 3 a r t ic le Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancerrelated death worldwide (1). Distant metastasis is the major cause of serious morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Liver metastasis is the most common manifestation, and occurs in more than 50% of CRC patients with metastases (2). Aggressive liver resection in metastatic CRC patients may improve the fiveyear survival, but most of these patients still experience tumor recurrence (3). Although current diagnostic imaging tools such as contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can facilitate the detection of CRC metastasis (4), these modalities are of limited value because of the inability to identify truly early metastatic lesions and the costs associated with advanced imaging. In view of this clinical challenge, there is a clear need for the development of metastasis-specific molecular biomarkers that can help predict outcomes and direct more effective therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a central role as master regulators of gene expression in multiple cancer-related signaling pathways, including metastasis (5,6). There is convincing data that upregulation of the miR-17–92 cluster and downregulation of miR-107 permits enhanced angiogenesis in cancer cells (7,8). Likewise, invasion and migration are positively regulated by miR-21 and miR-31 (9,10). More recently, we have demonstrated that miR-200c plays a pivotal role in regulating EMT and metastatic behavior in CRC (11). Previous work from our group and others has shown that several miRNAs are differentially expressed in cancers, including CRC (5,12–15). MiRNA signatures are emerging as promising biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and metastasis for cancer patients (12,16). Most studies to date have focused on the role for miRNAs in primary tumors but not the metastatic foci. A  more systematic and comprehensive analysis is necessary to determine the specific involvement of miRNAs in CRC metastasis. Also, miRNAs are relatively stable and measurable, making them ideal targets for molecular diagnostics. We developed a metastasis-specific miRNA biomarker discovery approach that involved comprehensive miRNA expression profiling of both primary CRC (pCRC) and matched liver metastasis (LM) tissues, followed by validation of these newly discovered miRNA biomarkers in multiple, large, independent cohorts of tissues. We assessed the association of the expression patterns of these miRNAs with important clinicopathological parameters related to CRC metastasis. We also evaluated the feasibility of these miRNAs as tissue-based and serum-based metastasis-specific biomarkers.


The antenna in package (AiP) designed in millimeter wave (mm wave) bands induces the outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) industry as a newcomer to build the capability to test antenna over the air (OTA). According to the features of the mm wave AiP that are small size, highly directional radiation and probe-contacted interface, the OTA environment can be specialized to be a vertical probe station with 85cm distance to keep far field radiation that ensures high dynamic range of system and the wide size of package to be tested. The proposed vertical probe station will be used not only in the early stage of product development, but also in the sampling inspection during high volume mass (HVM) production. In this paper, the mechanical and electrical schematic drawing of the proposed probe station were revealed. And the calibration method of it was also presented. An experimental instance was given to demonstrate the accuracy of the system by comparing the measurements in between it and a standard anechoic chamber. The differences were only 0.3 dB in antenna gain and 0.75 degree in beamwidth.


The effects of monomer functionality on performances of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) transmission gratings are systematically investigated. Acrylate monomers with an average functionality ranging from 2.0 to 5.0 are used to prepare these samples. We find scaffolding morphologic transmission gratings (characterized by a high phase separation degree, a well alignment of LCs and low scattering loss) can be obtained irrespective of the monomer functionality, although the exact optimal curing intensity varies. The temporal evolution of the grating formation is studied and the onset time of the LC phase separation decreases significantly with the increase in average monomer functionality. It is also shown that the gratings prepared from low average functionality monomers require a comparatively low switch-off electric field (~8 V μm−1) whilst suffering from mechanical fragility and long-term instability. Our results not only provide a complete understanding of scaffolding morphologic gratings in terms of the material composition effect, but also provide insight into the formation mechanisms of non-droplet morphologic HPDLC gratings.


A field experiment was conducted at Rice Research Unit, Bapatla during Kharif, 2013 to observe the performance of hybrids under Krishna Western Delta. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with four replications. The treatments are 5 rice hybrids like DRRH2, DRRH3, KRH2, PA6201 and CRHR32. The results of study revealed that the hybrids exhibited superiority in respect of different growth parameters like plant height, number of tillers per hill, panicle length grain yield and straw yield. Among various tested rice hybrids, maximum grain yield (6408 kg/ha) and straw yield (7178 kg/ha) were recorded in PA6201 which might be due to better growth parameters and yield components of hybrids.


Recently, the diagnosis technique is rapidly growth. The diagnosis method has CT, MRI, surgical navigator, and surgical microscopy. The surgical robot is connected to diagnosis system. However, the diagnosis system is impossible to division of tumor and normal tissue due to similar formation and color. The fluorescein dying method can be diagnosis for division between tumor and normal tissue due to fluorescein color staining. Therefore, the tumor removal surgery is used for fluorescein dying diagnosis using surgical robot. However, fluorescein dying is generated interference. Therefore, the fluorescein diagnosis resolution is not good due to auto-fluorescein. Thus, the interference must be rejection through the filter usage. In this paper, the new optical filter for interference suppression using fluorescein diagnosis method in the surgical robot. The designed filter is used for coating layer


The road of green and healthy development in modern cities is pursued through the research on the green innovation model in industrial cluster development of chemical industrial parks. Jiangxi Province is taken as an example to study the current status of chemical industrial parks in Jiangxi Province and the problems in the development of industrial cluster development and to put forward the green innovation development model for industrial cluster development. Based on the current status and problems of the development of industrial clusters in Jiangxi Province, this paper proposes an upgrading path for industrial clusters, promotes a new strategy for transformation and upgrading, innovates a new model for transformation and upgrading, creates a new engine for transformation and upgrading and releases new vigor for transformation and upgrading. Any innovation model for the industrial cluster development of industrial park needs to start from the actual situation in the region and the layout and spatial optimization of key areas of industrial clusters should be improved combined with the regional development characteristics. We should achieve the maximum utilization of the support from the local policies, finance, and industrial development to pursue all-round development.


It is not possible to turn patients who have spinal injuries, unstable pelvic injuries requiring an external fixator and polytrauma patients prior to spinal clearance. We describe a simple technique to overcome these problems while maintaining the access required for emergent and elective elbow surgery.


When and how was the Tibetan Plateau (TP), one of the least habitable regions on Earth, occupied by humans are important questions in the research of human evolution. Among tens of Paleolithic archaeological sites discovered over the past decades, only five are considered coeval with or older than the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼27–19 ka). As one of them, the Siling Co site in the central TP was previously announced to be ∼40–30 ka based on radiocarbon dating and stratigraphic correlation. Given the loose chronological constraint in previous studies, we here re-examined the chronology of the Siling Co site with the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating technique. Four sections from the paleo-shoreline at an elevation of ∼4,600 m in southeastern Siling Co were investigated, with stone artifacts found from the ground surface. Dating results of nine samples delineated the age of ∼4,600 m paleo-shoreline to be ∼10–7 ka (∼8.54 ± 0.21 ka in average). This age indicates that the Siling Co site is not earlier than the early Holocene, much younger than the former age. The revised age of the Siling Co site is consistent with the wet and humid climate conditions on the TP during the early Holocene.


A screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) impregnated with the electrocatalyst 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol lanthanum salt ([DCPI]3La) was constructed. Using cyclic voltammetry the electrochemical behaviour of SPCE, -SPEs and their catalytic effect towards ascorbic acid was investigated. A synthesis protocol ([DCPI] 3La) and some identification studies are given. The fabrication of (SPE) using a mixture of 5% (w/w) [DCPI] 3-La/graphite powder in 1 and 2% (w/v) ethyl cellulose in 2-butoxyethylacetate is also described. Constant potential amperometry in stirred solutions was used for the determination of ascorbic acid in beverages and pharmaceuticals potential of +0.1 V versus Ag/AgCl, at pH 7.25 was employed. This technique was also used to assess the reproducibility of the electrode manufacture. Interference of various compounds was also studied. Good correlation with the official titrimetric method was attained. Calibration graphs were linear over the range 0.01–1 mM ascorbic acid and the RSD was 1.8% ( n = 9) for 0.6 mM ascorbic acid. Recovery ranged from 91 to 103%. The [DCPI]3-La-SPE showed very good storage and operational stability. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Introduction In the ever evolving field of medical sciences 'change' is the rule. We change our concepts, outlook, practice and guidelines based on the recent developments and recommendations. Amongst these, a few developments and technological advancements carry the potential to uplift the concerned specialty to the next level of clinical care and outcome. The introduction of robotic assistance into surgical practice can be considered to be the next milestone. With the increasing popularity of the robot, thanks to its well described benefits to the patient and surgeon in particular, more and more institutions worldwide are spreading out the red carpet to this recent technology. Setting up a protocolised perioperative care catering to multispecialty robotic surgeries is a mammoth task requiring meticulous planning, confidence building, business development strategies and training of operating room staff. Table 1 enumerates the surgeries that can be performed by robotic assistance. In this review we describe the essential building blocks for setting up and smooth functioning of a multispecialty robotic surgery programme with special emphasis on the problem areas. The aim of our article is to apprise the clinicians of the various technicalities and infrastructure requirements before starting the programme. Conclusion Aggressive marketing, well defined surgical advantages, lesser morbidity at least in certain procedures have popularised the robotic assistance in surgical field an exciting proposition for the patient and the surgeons. This in turn is the market force which is driving up the sale of robots.


Helping professionals have long recognized the underuse of mainstream services by immigrants of Chinese origin. Although popular belief suggests that they experience few problems for which they would tend to seek help outside of the family, little empirical evidence exists to either support or negate this assumption. This exploratory descriptive study examines the nature and frequency of problems and help-seeking preferences of a random sample of 60 men and women of Chinese origin. Results confirm that the family was the preferred first choice of help for most psychological and interpersonal problems, friends being a frequent second choice of female respondents. No overall significant differences are found between males and females when choices for help were examined. These findings are discussed in terms of policy and practice implications, and the need for further research.


Introduction: The irrational and inappropriate use of beta lactam antimicrobial drugs has led to the advent of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) resistant strains. ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae strains are frequent causative agents both in community and in acquired nosocomial infections and Urinary Tract Infections (UTI). The phenotypic confirmatory tests rarely identify all ESBLs. Chrom ID (Chromogenic identification Media) ESBL – Bx (bioMerieux) is a completely new and innovative chromogenic medium designed specifically for the screening of ESBL producing Enterobacteria directly from urine samples. It is a ready to use selective media which is sensitive and specific for rapid and presumptive identification of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. Aim: Early detection of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae directly from urine samples on chromogenic medium (Chrom ID- ESBL- Bx) and confirmation of ESBL producing Enterobacteria using Disc Potentiation Test (DPT). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India from November 2019 to March 2020 (five months duration). The study was done on 70 urine samples from patients with UTI. All samples were subjected to wet mount, inoculated directly for culture on Chrom ID ESBL- Bx agar and MacConkey agar. Antibiotic Susceptibility testing of ceftazidime and cefotaxime was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and conformation of ESBL production by DPT using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistical package version (18.0) was used. Results: A total of 56 (80%) isolates were obtained from 70 urine samples, out of them 28 (50%) were Escherichia coli, 21 (37.5%) were Klebsiella spp., 7 (12.5%) were Proteus spp., 23 (82.14%) isolates of Escherichia coli, 15 (71.43%) of Klebsiella spp., 6 (85.71%) of Proteus spp., isolated were screened positive using Chrom ID ESBL-Bx agar. About 44 (78.57%) of total Enterobacteria (56) were screened for ESBL production. 20 (86.96%) of Escherichia coli, 11 (73.33%) of Klebsiella spp., and 5 (83.33%) of Proteus spp., that were screened positive using Chrom ID ESBL agar were confirmed (by DPT) as ESBL producers and 2 (16.6%) of total (12) isolates that were screened negative by Chrom ID ESBL agar were confirmed as ESBL producers when screened and confirmed by DPT. So sensitivity and specificity CHRO Magar was 94.73% and 55.5%. Conclusion: ESBL continues to become a serious public health threat. Results from present study showed that CHROMagar ESBL has a high sensitivity and a convenient method for making provisional diagnosis of drug resistant Enterobacterial infections in 24 hours. Chrom ID ESBL- Bx agar medium allows easy differentiation of different bacteria based on colony colouration.


Natural convection cooling of a heat source placed at the bottom wall of a
 square cavity filled with non-Newtonian fluid was investigated numerically.
 Two thermal conditions were assumed at the source (imposed temperature or
 flux density). The effects of Rayleigh number (Ran), rheological index (n),
 source length (SL), its position (D), and Prandtl number (Prn) were
 analyzed. For a centered source. The three first parameters were varied. The
 results show an increase in dynamic and thermal fields? perturbations when
 Ran increases and/or SL increases and/or n decreases. These observations are
 clearer in the first heating type compared to the second. Mean Nusselt
 number increase is recorded when Ran increases and/or n decreases, while it
 decreases with SL increase until SL=1.0 where a new increase is recorded.
 For a non-centered source, the previous observations still valid, noting the
 loss of symmetry. The highest mean rate of heat exchange is recorded when
 D=0.0 with decreasing amounts when moving towards the center. Finally, Prn
 effect is analyzed. Results show a better diffusion of heat when Prn
 increases for low n. Consequently, a marked increase in the mean Nusselt
 number for n<1.0, weak for n=1.0 and almost absent for n>1.0 are recorded
 with a clearer effect for the first type of heating.


Some employers, particularly in construction, misclassify workers as independent contractors in order to circumvent employer liability for payroll taxes and social insurance premiums, particularly workers compensation. This paper estimates the magnitude of employee misclassification in the New York City construction industry and the associated economic and fiscal costs. In 2005, 50,000, or nearly one in four, New York City construction workers were misclassified or employed completely off the books. Employers misclassifying workers or employing workers off the books shifted a total of $500 million in fiscal and economic costs to workers, taxpayers, social insurance systems, and other employers.


The therapeutic effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot-study involving 7 patients with moderate to severe, recalcitrant, atopic dermatitis. Four patients received UDCA for eight weeks, while the other 3 patients received UDCA for the first 4 weeks only, followed by placebo. Clinical assessment after 4, 8 and 12 weeks did not disclose any significant difference between the two groups. Thus, despite growing evidence for immunomodulatory properties of UDCA, this drug is probably not of great promise for the long-term treatment of recalcitrant atopic dermatitis.


Preliminary results by in situ EC-STM on the electrodeposition of silver on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) from a room temperature molten salt are presented. The molten salt was composed of 55 mol-% AlCl 3 and 45 mol-% 1-methyl-3-butyl-imidazolium chloride - this mixture is liquid at ambient temperature and contained AgCl in a concentration of 0.025 mol/l. The results show for the first time that HOPG can be imaged at this interface with atomic resolution and that the silver deposition/dissolution process can be viewed in situ.


An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay employing antisera against somatic antigen and outer membrane protein of a rough Aeromonas strain was developed for the detection of Aeromonas spp. The test detected Aeromonas irrespective of its species or serotype. The optimum detection level was found to be 106/ml. The cross-reactions were observed only with Vibrio cholerae (O39) among the 15 different organisms belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae and a few Gram-positive pathogens tested. Preliminary trials on food samples revealed the test to be efficient in detecting Aeromonas spp.


Aimed at high pressure gear pump with rolled bearing of high precision requirements,three-layer composites bearing reshaping processing technology is researched.The three different types of reshaping craft and the reshaping effects are analyzed comparably.Internal bracing of supporting with binding hoops outside reshaping craft enable the three-layer composites rolled bearing to achieve the ideal geometric accuracy and improve the surface self lubrication material′s adhesiveness,enhancing the rolled bearing′s synthesis operational performance.


Objective To evaluate the caries preventing effect of slow-release fluoride tablet in vivo.Methods Seven subjects with healthy gum and DMFT=0 were selected.Each wore two acrylic resin bases in control and test stage (4 weeks each).One base was placed on palatal surfaces of right maxillary molars,the other on buccal surfaces of left mandibular molars.Each base had a normal enamel cube and an enamel cube with early artificial caries.A fluoride tablet was adhered on the mucosa surface of maxillary anterior vestibule after each supper in the test stage.After experiment,microhardness values,sediment on enamel surface and histology changes of normal enamel treated by acid gel for 48 hours after experiment were examined.Results The increased microhardness values in the test stage (maxillary: 73.9 ± 6.3 kg/mm 2 mandibular: 35.1 ± 8.9 kg/mm 2,P 0.5 ) were bigger than the control stage (maxillary: 55.9 ± 8.3 kg/mm 2,mandibular: 31.1 ± 14.5 kg/mm 2,P 0.5 ).Irregular sediments were observed on enamel surfaces,and were rough and sparse in the control stage but small and compact in the test stage.There were an obvious surface layer and a wide subsurface demineralization layer in enamel of the control stage.Conclusion Slow-release fluoride tablet could enhance saliva's remineralization effect and improve the caries resistance of enamel.


Infanticide, seduction, desertion by E. Madondo (written in Zulu). Forms part of the van Warmelo Collection housed at the University of Pretoria.


Machine learning for healthcare is the future technology. Big Data Analytics is one of the recent technological developments as it assures to provide better information from the big data resources. It incorporates selecting the suitable Big Data stockpiling and determines the structure extended by MLstrategies. In this digital era, a lot of information is available on public domain, which is further gathered by machine learning to help treat and analyse patients' medical condition. There are several interesting developments whereby medical experts are good at interpreting the data that they see and the information that they get from models, and on the other side, machine learning algorithms are used. These algorithms do not require any medical expertise guidance but can very effectively extract patterns. As a result, the focus of this study is on how the combination of human experience and trained machine learning algorithm models may be used to yield various research insights in the field of healthcare. This research study focuses on and represents unique ML computations in BDAthat are useful in the field of Health Care Analytics.


Summary 1) Effects of sodium fluoride, sodium azide, sodium arsenite and urethan on growth, glucose utilization, protein utilization and mitosis in strain L cells were studied. 2) Cell populations in control cultures averaged 3.17 million/ml after 5 days; had utilized an average of 0.99 mg of glucose and 4.0 mg of protein/ml of medium. 3) Fluoride (10-3 M), azide (10-4 M) and arsenite (10-5 M) decreased cell numbers by 24, 63 and 81%, respectively. Although urethan (10-1 M) killed the cells, a concentration of 10-2 M had little effect. 4) Fluoride (10-2 M), arsenite (10-4 M) and urethan (10-3 M) inhibited glucose uptake by 28, 23 and 8%, respectively. Azide (10-3 M) produced 10% acceleration of glucose uptake. 5) Azide (10-3 M) and fluoride (10-3 M) inhibited protein uptake by 92 and 39%, respectively. Arsenite and urethan accelerated protein uptake in all concentrations. 6) The mitotic index of untreated cells was 10.5. All inhibitors except azide produced a lowered index. 7) In control cultures, 4% of cells were multinucleate. Azide (10-4 M) increased these forms to 17%.


Polyacrylate microspheres with a hollow structure were prepared by a facile spray drying method. The effects of spray drying process parameters, including inlet temperature, atomizer rotational speed, and feed speed, on the particle size, bulk density, and morphology of the resultant polyacrylate hollow microspheres were investigated and discussed. The mechanism for the formation of the polyacrylate hollow microspheres was proposed. This facile and scalable method for preparing hollow polymer microspheres is expected to be valuable to prepare various polymer hollow structures for widespread application.


OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the impact of a preventive - emotional intervention, based on the community to improve knowledge and iron intake of pregnant women with anemia. METHODS : The study was conducted in marginal urban areas of the Southern Cone of Lima - Peru , 76 anemic women were surveyed in the 2nd trimester, predominantly young (50 %, 17% adolescents). The intervention was characterized by the participation of organized women in the promotion of women's health through supplementation and monitoring of iron intake through the knowledge of the sociocultural profile of anemic pregnant and carrying out an intervention in information, Education and Communication (IEC ) . RESULTS : A high percentage of women with a history of abortion ( 23%). Just over half (51 % ) of mothers were reported by health promoters Usability iron intake . Recovered from anemia 55 % of pregnant women , obtaining therapeutic response in 45 % and failure in 17%. CONCLUSION : It was possible to improve after IEC intervention practice conscious consumption of 97 % iron . Regular monitoring and individual counseling transmitted permanent and appropriately were momentous .


Neutron star high-mass X-ray binaries with superorbital modulations in luminosity host warped inner accretion disks that occult the neutron star during precession. In SMC X-1, the instability in the warped disk geometry causes superorbital period "excursions": times of instability when the superorbital period decreases from its typical value of 55 to ∼40 days. Disk instability makes SMC X-1 an ideal system in which to investigate the effects of variable disk geometry on the inner accretion flow. Using the high-resolution spectral and timing capabilities of the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer, we examined the high state of four different superorbital cycles of SMC X-1 to search for changes in spectral shape and connections to the unstable disk geometry. We performed pulse phase-averaged and phase-resolved spectroscopy to closely compare the changes in spectral shape and any cycle-to-cycle variations. While some parameters, including the photon index and absorbing column density, show slight variations with superorbital phase, these changes are most evident during the intermediate state of the superorbital cycle. Few spectral changes are observed within the high state of the superorbital cycle, possibly indicating the disk instability does not significantly change SMC X-1's accretion process.


By means of the atomic-beam magnetic-resonance method, we have measured the gJ factor of the (6p)2 1D2 level of lead and the hyperfine structure of the 1D2 level of ( I=12). Our experimental results are A = 609.820 (8) MHz and gJ(1D2) = 1.2263. In order to interpret these measurements, we have examined the fine structure and the hyperfine structure of all of the (6p)2 levels. Our calculations show that the inclusion of spin–spin, orbit–orbit, and spin–other-orbit interactions do not improve the theoretical fit to the observed fine structure intervals. The effects of core polarization and relativity have been estimated by writing the hfs hamiltonian in the form ℋ=2μμ0I·∑i{〈rl-3〉Ii-√10〈rsC-3〉i(sC2)i(1)+〈rs-3〉isi}.This analysis of the dipole hyperfine structure leads to a value of 〈r−3〉6p consistent with both the fine structure and the hyperfine structure.


Objective To compare the impacts of Cesarean section (CS) and vaginal delivery on early postpartum stress urinary incontinence. Methods 456 women who delivered their children at Shanxi Provincial Women and Children Hospital between March and July 2007 and received routine workups 6-8 weeks postpartum, were allocated into the CS group (n=220) and vaginal delivery (VD) group (n=236). Data on their age, duration of pregnancy, approaches of delivery, birth weight and postpartum stress urinary incontinence were analyzed. Results Postpartum stress urinary incontinence was significantly more common in the VD group than in CS group. Conclusion In comparison, CS appeared to be associated with lower rate of postpartum stress urinary incontinence.


We discuss derivation on infinite matrix rings, and prove that every derivation of
infinite matrix rings with a finite number of nonzcro entries on a ring R can be represented as
the sum of two special derivations.


We investigate the channel equalization schemes for block transmission systems applied in mobile radio communication. The channel equalization process is first formulated based on Cholesky decomposition. Various equalizer architectures subject to different optimization criteria are next derived. Simulation results indicate the superiority of MMSE block DFE structure over others. For its hardware design, we adopt Schur algorithm and develop an efficient Toeplitz solver to perform the Cholesky decomposition. Combined with the matched filtering and the DFE architectures, the derived channel equalizer features a highly parallel, hardware efficient and scalable design. The design is verified by a Xilinx Virtex FPGA and can achieve a processing rate up to 3M symbols per second.


The earliest radiocarbon dates from the Central Pacific were obtained by Edward W. Gifford, on charcoal recovered from excavations at Vunda and Navatu on Viti Levu (Gifford 1951a, b), and the results were later used to outline the first culture sequence proposed for Fiji, by Roger Green (1963). Subsequent investigations by Frost (1970, 1979) and Best (1984) substantially increased the number of 14C results from the archipelago, and allowed a wider range of cultural attributes, such as settlement location, interaction pattern, subsistence economy and stone-tool types, to be age-correlated. This chapter is divided into two sections, with the first section reporting the radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dates obtained by the Early Prehistory of Fiji project (the EPF) between 1996 and 2000. There were 68 radiocarbon determinations from 13 prehistoric sites. Most dated deposits were from coastal or near-coast locations on Viti Levu (n=9), two sites were from Beqa Island, and two excavations were on Mago Island in the Lau Group. Six sites contained ceramics of Lapita style (some mixed with pottery of post-Lapita age), two sites had deposits of mid-sequence antiquity, and five sites had pottery and other items common in late-prehistoric sites dating to the last millennium. Results were used to construct a chronology for each site by assessing the reliability of each determination. In several deposits, the age of the oldest cultural remains was not able to be determined with radiocarbon because of extensive reworking of Lapita remains with more recent cultural materials.


Due to climate change crisis, the risk of occupational heat stress for agricultural workers has recently increased. The temporal and spatial biometeorological conditions in different climatic regions of Slovenia during summer were analyzed using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), and additionally the water loss index (SW) and the accepted level of physical activity (MHR). Term values of air temperature, relative air humidity, wind speed at 10 m and cloud cover at 14:00 CEST were used as input for the BioKlima 2.6 software package and were retrieved from the Slovenian Environment Agency for the summer months in the period 2000–2021. The rise in the average UTCI values was shown to be positive and statistically significant for summer (0.7 °C/decade) as well as for all three months, the highest being for June (0.9 °C/decade). The percentage of summer days during 2000–2021 that were under strong or very strong heat stress varied widely by location, ranging from one-third to more than one-half. Average monthly UTCI values at 14:00 CEST were the highest in July, reaching 30 °C in a submediterranean climate, Črnomelj is the only station with this average higher than 32 °C. Daily highest UTCI value was 47 °C (Črnomelj). It was shown that conditions in the middle of a hot summer day are not suitable for moderate or severe agricultural workloads.


Spontaneous esophageal rupture is a rare disease. The diagnosis isoften delayed and the mortality caused by it remains unacceptablyhigh. A serious infection results in death in early period, laterstage is often chronic failttre. The aim of the treatment of anspontaneous esophageal rupture is to halt and revense bacteria andchemically active material into the mediastinum and thorax, which canrapidly leads to uncontrollable sepsis and to promote esophageal woundand empyema healing. "lids article presents the new method oftransoral irrigation treatment for spontaneous esophageal rupture and asatisfactory result has been obtained.


AbstractThe effectiveness of nano-size zero-valent iron (NZVI) particles for treatment of Eriochrome Blue Black R (EBBR), a representative azo dye, under ultrasonic irradiation was determined. The influence of experimental variables such as, initial solution pH, NZVI dosage, irradiation time, initial dye, NaCl, and Na2CO3 concentrations on removal efficiency of color were investigated. It was found that the kinetic rate constant of sonocatalytic destruction of EBBR in presence of NZVI was significantly enhanced under acidic conditions. The degradation rate constants of dye increased by increasing of NZVI dose and irradiation time, but decreased by increasing the initial dye concentration. Although, increasing NaCl concentration from 0.1 to 1% (w/v) improved the kinetic removal rate from 0.16 to 0.29 min−1 but, presence of Na2CO3 had no significant effect on the degradation rate. The UV–vis spectrum showed that complete decolorization of synthetic solutions contain 100 ppm EBBR by 0.3 g/L NZVI at initial p...


The invention relates to a multi-point disposed mobile detection wireless sensor system based on infrared ray in the wireless network technical field. The probe node is configured with a passive infrared sensor for detecting a mobile target and mounted a position where the mobile target is detected. When object different from background temperature passes through the probe area, the node reports the mobile object probed and identity ID of itself; the base station node is used for collecting information of each probe node transmitting by radio and transmits the information via serial ports/USBlines to a mobile detection information server; the mobile detection information server is communicated with the node via the serial ports and assembles mobile information of each probe node as well as cooperating with peripheral systems. The invention detects mobile object by the infrared sensor and collects mobile information via the wireless communication as well as assembles information via acentral computer to provide service for users.


AIM: To observe the therapeutic effects of myrtol in adjuvant treatment of secretory otitis media (SOM) with C type tympanogram. METHODS: Ninety-two patients(112 ears) with SOM with C type tympanogram were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group, 50 patients (58 ears)[M 28,F 22;age (38±s 6)a], when eustachian tubes were dilated, reopened and tympanam administered, were treated with myrtol capsules, 300 mg(120 mg), po, tid×15 d. The control group, 42 patients (54 ears)[M 22,F 20,age(39±5)a], were administered with adenosine triphospate 40 mg(20 mg), po, tid×15 d. RESULTS: The hearing, tinnitus, sense of block, the pressure value of peak point and the stability of the therapeutic effects in follow up 0.5 a in the treatment group were markedly better than thoses in the control group(P0.01). No adverse reaction was found. CONCLUSION: Myrtol is a safe, effective adjuvant treatment drug in treating SOM with C type tympanogram.


The austenitic stainless steel X5CrNiMo17-12-2 in thickness ranging from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm was examined in regard to the mechanical properties and microstructure. The aim was to investigate the suitability of conventional test methods for thin material down to 0.2 mm. Within these investigations, all used thicknesses were characterized by conventional tensile tests and X-ray diffraction. The results were subsequently compared with each other. The material specific vertical anisotropy r and forming limit curve showed a strong dependence on material thicknesses. The results of anisotropy pointed out different values depending on the test methods performed. In addition, the results of microstructure analysis show a decrease of grain size with lower material thickness caused by the formation of twins and probably heat treatments during the manufacturing process.


This paper presents a roll-to-roll method to fabricate microlens arrays on a glass substrate by using a cost-effective PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) mold. We fabricated microlens arrays mold, which was made by photoresist(AZ4620), on the silicon substrate by thermal reflow process, and transferred the pattern to PDMS film. Roll-to-roll system is a standard printing process whose roller is made of acrylic cylinder surrounded with the PDMS mold. UV resin was chosen to be the material to make microlens in rolling process with UV light curing. We investigated the quality of microlens arrays by changing the parameters, such as embossing pressure and rolling speed, to ensure good quality of microlens arrays.


The fermionic Kitaev chain is a canonical model featuring topological Majorana zero modes. We report the experimental realization of its bosonic analogue in a nano-optomechanical network where parametric interactions induce two-mode squeezing and beamsplitter coupling among the nanomechanical modes, equivalent to hopping and superconductor pairing in the fermionic case, respectively. We observe several extraordinary phenomena in the bosonic dynamics and transport, including quadrature-dependent chiral amplification, exponential scaling of the gain with system size, and strong sensitivity to boundary conditions. Controlling the interaction phases and amplitudes uncovers a rich dynamical phase diagram that links the observed phenomena to non-Hermitian topological phase transitions. Finally, we present an experimental demonstration of an exponentially enhanced response to a small perturbation as a consequence of non-Hermitian topology. These results represent the demonstration of a novel synthetic phase of matter whose bosonic dynamics do not have fermionic parallels, and establish a powerful system to study non-Hermitian topology and its applications in signal manipulation and sensing.


This paper analyzes the interaction between financial development and economic growth from the point of supply-leading and the demand-following. The paper uses the Granger-causality test to study the two way causality between financial development and economic growth in China, finds out that they are the cause for each other, namely there are interaction relationship between financial development and economic growth at the present in China.


Currently, the refrigerant inventory for vapor compression systems is determined using a costly trial and error procedure. An accurate computer model of the refrigerant in a system would reduce the time and expense of this process. This paper presents a computer model that has the capability to predict the amount of refrigerant in air cooled condensers. For accurate prediction of refrigerant inventory two important steps are required. The first step is to model the heat transfer of the coil. This is needed to separate the three regions of the coil, de superheating, condensing, and sub cooling and then to further divide the condensing region into increments of quality. The second step is to predict the void fraction (ratio of area occupied by gas to liquid) throughout the condensing region. Void fraction correlations by Domanski and Didion[ll], Hughmark[14], Premoli et al.[12], and Tandon et al. [10] are included in the model. The simulation is used to model a cross flow heat exchanger, with parallel refrigerant paths, used in mobile air conditioning systems. The model is exercised to illustrate the effects of different operating conditions and void fraction correlations on the refrigerant inventory in condensers. A condenser used in mobile air conditioning applications is modeled. Future work includes experimental validation of the model. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Nomenclature ..................................................................................................... 3 2.0 Simulation Description ..................................................................................... 6 2.1 Solution Technique ................................................................................ 6 2.2 Effectiveness-NTU Method .................................................................. 9 2.3 Air Side Heat Transfer Correlation ..................................................... 11 2.4 Refrigerant Side Heat Transfer Correlations ................................... 12 Single Phase Heat Transfer Correlation .......................................... 12 Two Phase Heat Transfer Correlations ........................................... 13 2.5 Refrigerant Pressure Drop Correlations ............................................. 14 Single Phase Pressure Drop Correlation ......................................... 15 Two Phase Pressure Drop Correlation ............................................ 16 2.6 Property Routines ................................................................................... 17 3.0 Coil Geometry and Modeling ........................................................................... 19 4.0 Prediction of Inventory ..................................................................................... 25 4.1 General Equations ................................................................................... 25 Single Phase Region ............................................................................ 26 Two Phase Region ............................................................................... 26 4.2 Void Fraction Correlations ................................................................... 28 Homogeneous ...................................................................................... 28 Domanski and Didion ........................................................................ 29 Tandon ................................................................................................... 29 Premoli. .................................................................................................. 30 Hughmark ............................................................................................. 30 4.3 Integral Solution Techniques .............................................................. .31 Closed Form .......................................................................................... 32 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Numerical Average ............................................................................. 32 4.4 Inventory Results ................................................................................... 33 Simulation Validation ...................................................................... .33 Solution Method .................................................................................. 35 Predicted Charge for Void Fraction Correlations ......................... .36 Inventory vs. Inlet Conditions ........................................................ .36 Inventory Distribution ...................................................................... .37 5.0 Future Work ........................................................................................................ 44 5.1 Overview .................................................................................................... 44 5.2 Schematics .................................................................................................. 44 5.3 Proposed Solutions to Weight Measurement Problems ................. .46 5.4 Test Plan ....................................................................................................... 47 6.0 References ............................................................................................................. 49 7.0 Appendix .............................................................................................................. 52 1.0 Introduction Accurate prediction of the mass of a system component is important for several reasons. In condenser modeling, accurate charge inventory prediction is required for simulating off design performance and transient behavior. In system modeling, the charge inventory of all components is required for the continuity equation. This work focuses on predicting refrigerant inventory in air cooled tube and fin condensers. In the single phase regions of the condenser, mass prediction is a straight forward calculation. In the two-phase region, inventory is calculated using a void fraction correlation. The void fraction correlation provides a ratio of the tube cross sectional area occupied by refrigerant vapor to the total cross sectional area for a given quality. There are many void fraction correlations available in the literature; Domanski and Didion [11], Baroczy [18], Zivi [17], Smith [19], Premoli et al. [12], Tandon et al. [10], and Hughmark [14]. The purpose of the work presented here is to implement a number of these correlations into a condenser simulation program to determine the mass of the condenser and provide a comparison of the correlations for different operating conditions. Determination of the most accurate correlation requires experimental data of the charge for the condenser coil being modeled. This work will be available in the future and is discussed in section 5.0. The condenser simulation program used for this study was originally developed by Ragazzi [1]. The steady state simulation was designed to model aircooled condensers which could be categorized as cross-flow heat exchangers with circular refrigerant tubes with air flowing over them. It is based on first principles and is general enough to use with condenser coils of various geometries and for flows of different refrigerants. A complete description of the program and its adaptation to various condenser coil geometries is provided. The various solution techniques for the charge inventory correlations are also examined and compared.


We propose a local search algorithm for structural identification of Generalized Mass Action (GMA) models from time course data. The algorithm has been implemented as part of our existing system for identification of dynamical systems.
 We compare this approach to existing alternatives in terms of analytical GMA models, analytical GMA models with parameter estimation from time course data, S-systems, and linear models. This is done on three new test problems designed to exhibit different characteristic properties of biochemical pathways, and which are defined with chemical rate reactions. By applying state-of-the-art algorithmic methods we are able to make a full investigation for the test problems also with noisy data.
 The results show that on the tested problems, our structural identification algorithm is able to find as good or better models than any of the other approaches. It can therefore be expected to be a useful tool for identifying models of unknown systems from time course data.
 All test problems are available on the web.


The symposium "Recent Advances in Scanning Probe Microscopy of Polymers" held during the 220th American Chemical Society National Meeting in Washington DC in August 2000 focused on the latest advances in applications of SPM techniques for the study of polymeric and organic materials. The main topics consisted of SPM imaging of polymer morphology and microstructure, microtribological properties of polymers, micromechanical probing of polymers, microthermal imaging, studies of ultrathin and molecular organic and polymeric films, modeling of tip-surface interactions, chemical compositional analysis of heterogeneous materials, and SPM applications to industrial polymers.This volume of Macromolecular Symposia will be a valuable guide in the field of contemporary SPM studies of polymeric materials.


Diversity is essential in achieving good performance in a fading channel. In this paper we have analyzed the performance of the STTD combined with angle diversity scheme. We have simulated the proposed scheme under the assumption that the received signals from different angles have different signal powers. Our simulation results show that the proposed scheme has better performance than the space diversity system when one of the received path signal power is about 0.2 times of the power of the other received path signal.


E Budget Act (BBA) of 1997 to control costs of health care in all environments have focused attention on TeleHomecare programs. TeleHomecare as defined in this article is the use of remote interactive technologies to provide home health care services at remote locations. A physician, nurse, therapist, social worker, or other member of the home health multidisciplinary team can "beam up" their patients over a variety of telecommunications connections, including an ordinary telephone line. The home health provider can accomplish the assessment, intervention, follow-up care, and/or care planning without the patient or provider traveling. As long as hands-on care is not required, TeleHomecare has the potential to provide a practical solution to a growing problem, which is limited resources. The number of home care visits increased from 70 million in 1990 to 306 million in 1997, and the cost of Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 1999;5(3):66–69 © 1999 Thomas Land Publishers, Inc. SCALATING DEMANDS for access to quality home health care and the mandate from the Balanced providing hospice home care increased from $112 million in 1987 to $2.1 billion in 1997. The current nursing shortage has no end in sight, so most newspapers, health-related journals, and the Internet offer previously unheard of incentives to entice home health care nurses. Projections indicate that within the next 15 years one out of every four people will be over 65 years old. This age group is the largest consumer of home health care services. "Each year the US spends over $1.5 trillion on healthcare; the Federal Medicare program alone treats 38 million senior citizens at an annual cost of $200 billion...." The number of referrals to home health agencies (HHAs) is expected to continue to sky-


In the UK general election of 12 December 2019 the environment and climate change gained much greater prominence compared to previous elections, yet ultimately they were of marginal importance duri...


Bond-strength testing is the method most used for the assessment of bonding effectiveness to enamel and dentin. We aimed to disclose general trends in adhesive performance by collecting dentin bond-strength data systematically. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to identify 2,157 bond-strength tests in 298 papers. Most used was the micro-tensile test, which appeared to have a larger discriminative power than the traditional macro-shear test. Because of the huge variability in dentin bond-strength data and the high number of co-variables, a neural network statistical model was constructed. Variables like 'research group' and 'adhesive brand' appeared most determining. Weighted means derived from this analysis confirmed the high sensitivity of current adhesive approaches (especially of all-in-one adhesives) to long-term water-storage and substrate variability.


Background:Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and proliferative condition of the skin which has a significant negative impact on QoL.Objectives:The aim of the study is to assess the impact of psoriasis on QoL, clinical outcome and cost of illness.Materials and Methods:It was a non-invasive observational prospective study conducted in a 1400 bedded multi-speciality tertiary care teaching hospital at Chidambaram, South India for 6 months. Totally 48 patients were observed by using WHOQoL questionnaire for assessing the QoL, Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) for severity of disease, Beck's anxiety and depression scales for estimating the psychiatric condition of the patient.Results:In our study, majority belongs to the age group of 51-60 years (26.78%). The mean age of patients was 47.68±13.83 in males and 40.62±12.67 in females. From PASI, the most exposed area was lower limbs (92.85%). 57.14% of the patients were farmers. The patients were more with very low anxiety (73%) and only 2 out of 48 patients were suffering from severe depression.Two follow-ups were performed in our study, the mean scores were calculated which gradually increased from base line to follow up, this states that QoL was increased after counselling and particularly in females.The QoL was increased more in the age group of 41-50. The QoL was decreased as the no.of drugs prescribed were increased and as the duration of the disease increased. In our study, the direct cost (53.90%) was more than indirect cost (46.10%). Conclusion:Counselling plays an important role in the patient's QoL, as the results clearly shown an increment in the QoL of patients after counselling. The


We report on the high-energy neutron response of the HR-GAGG crystal. High-energy Resolution (HR) GAGG (Gd3Al2.6Ga2.4O12:Ce) is a relatively new scintillation crystal that provides a high density, a high light output, a fast decay time and is not hygroscopic. Aside from its use for gamma-ray spectroscopy, the GAGG scintillator has been investigated for the detection and discrimination of both alpha particles and neutrons. Gamma-ray/alpha-particle discrimination is possible via pulse shape discrimination (PSD) techniques; thermal neutron detection is possible via measurement of the gamma-ray emission associated with thermal neutron capture on stable Gd isotopes from specifically shielded GAGG crystals. To our knowledge, the direct detection of fast neutrons using GAGG, or any variant of GAGG, has yet to be reported. Our results show the ability of the HR-GAGG crystal to perform PSD when irradiated by high-energy neutron beams. We performed these tests at the UC-Davis Crocker Nuclear Laboratory cyclotron. The result of four different endpoint energy neutron beams, ranging from 14.1 MeV - 60.5 MeV, irradiating the HR-GAGG crystal yielded two discernable bands of events attributed to fast neutrons and gamma rays from the cyclotron. Lower energy neutrons - from the beam (1.9 MeV) or using laboratory neutron/gamma-ray sources (e.g., 252Cf) - demonstrates no discernable signature of neutron detection and discrimination. We show results from the low- and high-energy neutrons beams interacting with the HR-GAGG and discuss the isotopes responsible for the high-energy neutron capabilities of this material.


Monochromatic opacities from the Opacity Project (OP) (Seaton et al.) have been augmented by hitherto missing inner-shell contributions (Badnell & Seaton). OP Rosseland-mean opacities, �R, are compared with results from OPAL (Iglesias & Rogers) for the elements H, He, C, O, S and Fe. The OPAL data are obtained from the website www-phys.llnl.gov/Research/OPAL/index.html. Agreement for H is close everywhere except for the region of log(T) ≃ 6 and log(R) ≃ −1 (R = �/T 3 6 whereis mass-density in g cm 3 and T6 = 10 6 ×T with T in K). In that regionR(OPAL) is larger thanR(OP) by up to 13%. The differences are due to different equations of state (EOS). In the region concerned OP has the H ground state undergoing dissolution, leading to a small H-neutral ionization fraction, while OPAL has larger values for that fraction. A similar difference occurs for He at log(R) ≃ −1 and log(T) ≃ 6.4, where OP has the He + ground-state undergoing dissolution. The OPAL website does not provide single-element Rosseland means for elements other than H and He. Comparisons between OP and OPAL are made for mixtures with X = 0.9, Z = 0.1 and Z containing pure C, O or S. There are some differences: at the lower temperatures, say log(T) 6 5.5, due to differences in atomic data, with the OP R-matrix data probably being the more accurate; and at higher temperatures mainly due to differences in level populations resulting from the use of different EOS theories. In the original OP work, R-matrix data for iron were supplemented by data ob- tained using the configuration-interaction (CI) code superstructure. The experi- ment is made of replacing much of the original iron data with new data from the CI code autostructure. Inclusion of intercombination lines gives an increase inR of up to 18%. The OPAL website does not allow for Z containing pure iron. Comparisons are made for an iron-rich mixture, X = 0.9, Z = 0.1 and Z containing C and Fe with C:Fe=2:1 by number fraction. There are some differences between OP and OPAL for that case: the OP 'Z-bump' inR is shifted to slightly higher temperatures, compared to OPAL. Overall, there is good agreement between OP and OPAL Rosseland-mean opacities for the 6-elements, but there are some differences. Recent work (Bahcall et al.) has shown that helioseismology measurements give a very accurate value for the depth of the solar convection zone, RCZ, and that solar models give agreement with that value only if opacities at RCZ are about 7% larger than OPAL values. For the 6-element mix at RCZ we obtainR(OP) to be larger thanR(OPAL) by 5%.


Due to the recent global financial crises, academic business schools have come in for much criticism, having, in the eyes of the public, failed in their responsibility to society by teaching future managers only how to increase their personal gain without any consideration as to their actions' social and cultural consequences. Realising that there is a pressing need to innovate their educational offers accordingly, business schools are beginning to turn to the humanities and social sciences to improve on the understanding and thus the teaching of management. This book is the result of an empirical study conducted at eight academic business schools that either already practise or are beginning to practise linking management education to the humanities and social sciences. Gathered mostly in interviews our research team conducted


BACKGROUND Several options for the treatment of ingrowing toenails are available, ranging from simple conservative approaches to extensive surgical procedures. OBJECTIVE To evaluate in a long‐term follow‐up (36 months) the efficacy of chemical matricectomy with phenol for the treatment of ingrowing toenails. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 197 phenol ablations were performed in 139 patients with stage 2 and 3 disease. Each patient was examined weekly until full wound healing was achieved and was followed for 36 months to assess the long‐term efficacy of the treatment. The healing period after surgery ranged from 2 to 4 weeks; few postoperative complications were seen. RESULTS Only three recurrences were observed (after 2, 4, and 11 months). Short‐term results were excellent. No severe complications occurred during the 36‐month follow‐up period. Cosmetic results were remarkable. The success rate was 98.5%. CONCLUSIONS Phenol cauterization is an excellent surgical method for the treatment of ingrowing toenails, being simple and associated with low morbidity and a high success rate, even over the long term (36 months). The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.


T obacco consumption is a major public health issue in France and throughout the world: prolonged smoking is effectively responsible for deaths from lung cancer (26 378 in France in 2009) and also cancers of the mouth and larynx. It increases the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases or certain cancers of the digestive tract. Prolonged smoking furthermore includes the risk of disability (tracheotomy for example) and deteriorates the health of survivors. Finally, what makes it a severe public health problem is that a large number of individuals continue to smoke regularly into middle age (past 40 years old) even if the harmful effects of so doing have been empirically established, the first studies dating back to the 1950's (Hill, 1954; Luther, 1964). The reason for this paradox comes from the fact that tobacco is highly addictive. Public interventions aimed at preventing prolonged smoking, either by dissuading teenagers from starting the habit, or by helping smokers quit the habit, are thus completely justified.


This article discusses in detail a key moment in redrawing racial lines in the small town of Nambucca Heads on the northern coast of New South Wales: the process of school segregation in 1915. The careful examination of all the random features of this event, particularly the study of the various forms of "Aborigine reactions " aroused by this process, allows us to question the conditions for the emergence of explicit discrimination, hitherto unknown, between blacks and whites.


A study was conducted to determine the relationships between oil yield and some important yield traits in sunflower with regression and correlation analysis. This study was performed on data of experiments conducted in Edirne under dryland conditions during 2000-2007. The hybrids used in the experiments were obtained by crossing with 0536-R restorer line. This line has been used as tester mostly in National Sunflower Breeding Project conducted by Trakya Agricultural Research Institute. Based on correlations analysis, significant relationships were observed between oil yield and other yield traits except physiological maturity. Regression analysis revealed significant relationships between oil yield and yield traits. The highest regression coefficients were calculated with seed yield, plant height, 1000 seed weight and head diameter. Seed yield played more important role for oil yield than oil content of seed. The linear relationships between oil yield and seed yield or plant height, and the quadratic relationships for other traits were observed. Results indicated that over 70 g seed weight per thousand, 53% oil content and 24 cm head diameter are tended to reduce oil yield of sunflower hybrids. Additionally, regression analysis also showed that oil yield started to decline after 73 day on flowering, 105 day at physiological maturity and 45 day at seed filling periods.


Objective To study synchronous or metachronous multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMT) in patients with endometrial carcinoma.Methods 201 patients suffered from endometrial carcinoma admitted in People' s Hospital from July, 1982 to August1999 were analyzed retrospetively. Results 13 out of 201 endometrial carcinoma patients were identified with MPMT. Synchronous multiple primary malignant tumors were found in 6 patients, with the mean age of on-set as 51.4 and the sites of tumors were located at ovary , rectum , or breast. Metachronous multiple primary malignant tumors found in 7 patients with the mean age of on-set as 46.4 for the primary tumors, and 54.5 for endometrial carcinoma patients.The other primary tumors were located at ovary, breast, rectum or brain; All cases were treated by surgery , chemotherapy and /or radiotherapy.Conclusions Putative high-risk women with MPMT should have been diagnosed and treated early followed by periodical check-ups.


Via the adoption of the key technology of multi-wave carrier orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation, the Power Line Communications(PLC) can provide speedy data transmission rate and integrate the entire household electric appliances with the network, pushing the popularization of household electric appliance digitalization, well resolving the problem of making connection at "last one hundred meters"Following the development of PLC technology, the PLC will have wider application market and development prospect.


Abstract Although infrastructure public-private partnerships (PPPs) have become increasingly popular globally, they face their own institutional challenges in transition economies. This paper highlights some of these challenges by examining the (in)formal factors affecting Kosovo's first PPP in the waste management sector, Ecohigjiena sh.p.k. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews with executives, senior managers, and administrative personnel from Ecohigjiena sh.p.k, the Tax Administration of Kosovo (TAK), and the municipality of Gjilan, the case analysis shows the PPP ultimately faced insurmountable internal and external difficulties, including low levels of professionalism, challenging legal frameworks, poor communication/trust between partners, and inadequate enforcement of regulations.


This paper shows that the centered fractional derivatives introduced by Manuel Duarte Ortigueira in 2006 are useful in the description of optical solitons. It is shown that we can construct a fractional extension of the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation which incorporates Ortigueira's derivatives and has soliton solutions. It is also shown that this fractional NLS equation has a Lagrangian density and can be derived from a variational principle. Finally, a fractional extension of Noether's theorem is formulated to determine the conserved quantities associated to the invariances of the action integral under infinitesimal transformations.


A high performance integrated capacitor / bus for the Infineon HybridPACK Drive was presented previously [1]. This foundation will now be used as the basis for evaluating a single DC link capacitor / bus to support two HybridPACK Drive inverter stages, thus enabling a significant improvement in power density, weight and cost for high performance EV applications. Detailed knowledge of the drive cycle is required along with full thermal characterization to demonstrate the required life. Transient thermal simulation results and experimental data are provided. These results are utilized to define practical topologies and power limits for one DC link feeding two HybridPACK Drive modules for dual motor in-board drive applications.