Many existing guidance laws were designed by decoupling analysis on the relative motion model of the bomb and target. The ignorance of the cross coupling between the pitch and yaw channels would impact the guidance performance in practical applications. Therefore, based on the finite-time control theory, a coupled three-dimensional guidance law using sliding mode control was proposed in this paper. This guidance law can make the guided bomb converge in finite time, and hit the target with a desired impact angle. Simulink results have verified that comparing to the proportion guidance law, this method has more efficient guidance performance.


The electron screening in the 7Li(p,α)α reaction has been studied at Ep = 30 to 100 keV for different environments: Li2WO4 insulator, Li metal, and PdLi alloys. For the insulator a screening potential energy of Ue = 185±150 eV was observed, consistent with previous work and the atomic adiabatic limit. However, for the Li metal and the PdLi alloys we find large values of Ue = 1280±60 and 3790±330 eV, respectively: the values can be explained by the plasma model of Debye applied to the quasi‐free metallic electrons in these samples. Similar results have been found for the 6Li(p,α)3He reaction supporting the hypothesis of the isotopic independence of the electron screening effect. The data together with previous studies of d(d,p)t and 9Be(p,α)6Li in metals verify the Debye model scaling Ue ∝ Zt (charge number of target).


non-Western cities, suggesting that urban theories beyond the West certainly have things to contribute to research agendas on Western cities too. The editors conclude that the book's many contributions 'offer theoretically and empirically innovative writing in order to draw on diverse political, economic, social and cultural, and spatial theories in order to better understand urban processes' (p. 329), building upon situated concepts embedded in particular cultural contexts. While I agree that many case studies do make such contributions, a problem is that the various chapters are not disentangled in relation to each other within the project of the collection. I wish the editors had been bolder in making explicit exactly what contributions are being made to the key themes they identify and teased out connections across the case studies more systematically. Because of this lack of conversation among chapters, the volume does not fully move beyond being a collection of interesting case studies. A more strategic selection of themes and contributions would have allowed space for explicitly exploring the ways in which the chapters contribute to a relationalcomparative approach 'that uses different cities to pose questions of one another' (Ward, 2008, quoted in Edensor and Jayne, 2012: 6). Although the broader aim and scope of the project come across as unfinished business, the book does provide some important and interesting stepping stones. In some of the case studies, authors explore issues that seem to be less prominent even within the Southern or non-Western urban debates and provide innovative contributions not just by challenging the universalism of Western theories but also by diversifying how and from where a nonWestern urban theory is to be imagined and constructed. The various contributions do not seek to merely dismiss existing theories but, rather, to critically engage with Western theories in order to explore their opportunities and limitations. Such a critical dialogue is important in the broader project of decentring urban studies and of challenging academic and geographic divides in knowledge production. Current debates in urban studies emerging from Southern perspectives revolve around the need to rethink and re-imagine cities, and aim to challenge, redevelop, and construct new theoretical understandings of urban experiences and change around the globe. Despite some shortcomings, this volume is one important contribution that sets out some key agendas for this unfinished business of decentring urban studies through urban theorizing beyond the West.


The invention provides an intelligent passenger flow volume statistics device based on a camera. The device comprises a network camera and a DSP processing chip connected with the network camera, wherein the DSP processing chip comprises a passenger flow volume statistics module; the passenger flow volume statistics module is used for coding and analyzing each pixel in each frame of image collected by the network camera through an isotope labelling method, the rate of pixel density to the whole imaging picture width is utilized to realize width measurement of objects counted as the number of people, and images conforming to human body laws are counted in a message manner, so that a passenger flow volume statistics result can be obtained. According to the device, the relatively accurate passenger flow volume statistics function is realized when only part of processor resources of one network camera is occupied, so that lots of costs and resources are saved.


Objective To investigate the complications and the risk factors of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods The clinical data of 339 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2000 to Decembcr 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.The risk factors of pancreatic fistula were analyzed.The incidences of complications accured from 2000 to 2004 and from 2005 to 2009 were compared.All data were analyzed by the t test,chi-square test,Fisher exact probability or Logistic regression model.Results The incidence of complications of all patients was 33.0% ( 112/339),and the incidence of pancreatic fistula was 8.6% (29/339).Of the 29 patients complicated with pancreatic fistula,6 patients were in grade A,8 in grade B and 15 in grade C.Soft texture of remnant pancreas and the diameter of pancreatic duct smaller than 3 mm were the independent risk factors of pancreatic fistula( OR =1.75,3.75,P < 0.05 ).The number of hospital death was 12,including 1 patient died during the first period (2000-2004) and 11 patients died during the second period (2005-2009).Three patients died of pancreatic fistula and abdominal hemorrhage,3 died of postoperative upper gastrointesitnal bleeding,2 died of cardiac insufficiency,1 died of respiratory failure,1 died of pancreatic fistula,abdominal infection and necrotic pancreatitis,1 died of abdominal hemorrhage and hepatic and renal failure,1 died of bililary fistula,abdominal infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Conclusions Soft texture of remnant pancreas and the diameter of the pancreatic duct smaller than 3 mm are important risk factors of postoperative pancreatic fistula.Pancreatic fistula is the main factor causing death after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Key words:
Pancreatic diseases ;  Pancreaticoduodenectomy ;  Pancreatic leakage


The electrical and acoustical performance of ultrasonic transducers is critically dependent on the characteristics of the cable to which they are attached. The traditional solution for medical ultrasound probes is to use coaxial cables. However, as the number of elements increases and as size and weight requirements become of more concern, the pressure for cabling solutions that are smaller, lighter, and less expensive also continues to increase. One solution is to use non-coaxial ribbon cables that have been designed to minimize crosstalk and provide higher signal density and better ergonomics. Minimally-invasive ultrasound probes are a natural place for early adoption of this kind of nontraditional cable since laparoscopic, endoscopic, and catheter probes have exceptionally difficult space constraints. This paper describes the use of IMAGIN/sup TM/ probe cable and MICROFLAT/sup TM/ ribbon cable, products developed by the W.L. Gore company, for a wiring harness of an ultrasound laparoscope containing a 128 element array. Small coaxial cables physically fit but are very difficult to terminate.


The lighting of public streets was originally a private undertaking, and the first city ordinance was passed in London in 1414, requiring all citizens to hang lamps before their doors at dark. Municipal street lighting originated in 1558 in Paris. Oil-burning lamps were used till 1813, when gas was adopted. In London electric street Eghting is a development of the last forty years.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex multi-systemic autoimmune disease with considerable clinical and immunological heterogeneity. The hallmark of SLE is the presence of autoreactive antibodies that recognize the self. Available evidence suggested that genetic factors, immune dysregulation, and environmental factors, such as ultraviolet radiation, may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE (1). However, the clear pathophysiology of SLE has not been elucidated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure much less wi-fi community of self sustaining series of cellular nodes (Smart phones, Laptops, iPads, PDAs etc.). Network is self-configured to reconstruct its topology and routing desk facts for the change of information packets at the becoming a member of and leaving of every node on ad-hoc basis. This paper is primarily based totally at the MANET packages and challenges. The researchers can get the general idea of MANET in addition to its packages.


Mandibular condyle is one of the most common site of injury of the facial skeleton. It is also the most commonly missed and least diagnosed fracture in the head and neck region. The condyle forms the very corner stone of mandibular form and function. Therefore alterations in the anatomic relationship and subsequently the function of this portion of the mandible due to its fracture may significantly change occlusion and range of motion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the patterns and causes of condylar fractures in patients seen in Maxillofacial Unit of Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. Detailed history, clinical and radiographic examination of 76 patients were performed. Data for causes and patterns of condylar fracture were collected. Data analysis was done on SPSS 16.0. Out of 76 patients with condylar fractures,58 (76.3%) were males and 18 (23.7%) were females. The mean age was 17±1years with maximum number of patients belonged to the first decade of life (42.1%) followed by second decade (26.3%). Most common cause of condylar fracture was Road traffic accidents (44.7%) followed by fall (40.8%) and assault (6.6%). Extracapsular fracture was found in 46.1% patients followed by subcondylar fracture in 39.5% patients, and intracapsular condylar fractures in 13.2% patients. Condylar fracture in isolation was found in 17.1% patients while condylar fracture in combination with other facial bones was found in 82.9% patients.


This article presents the experiments carried out at Jadavpur University as part of the participation in Multi-Way Classification of Semantic Relations between Pairs of Nomi-nals in the SemEval 2010 exercise. Separate rules for each type of the relations are identified in the baseline model based on the verbs and prepositions present in the segment between each pair of nominals. Inclusion of WordNet features associated with the paired nominals play an important role in distinguishing the relations from each other. The Conditional Random Field (CRF) based machine-learning framework is adopted for classifying the pair of nominals. Application of dependency relations, Named Entities (NE) and various types of WordNet features along with several combinations of these features help to improve the performance of the system. Error analysis suggests that the performance can be improved by applying suitable strategies to differentiate each paired nominal in an already identified relation. Evaluation result gives an overall macro-averaged F1 score of 52.16%.


To evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated use of TI-RADS and TBSRTC systems and their significance in the formation of therapeutic tactics in patients with nodular thyroid pathology.


The phase change memory device has a plurality of first wiring lines extending parallel to each other WL, the first wiring line a plurality of second wiring lines arranged to intersect the WL is separated or remote from it BL, and the first wiring line WL and claim is disposed at each intersection of the second wiring line BL is provided with a single end and a memory cell MC having the other end connected to the second wiring lines BL each of which is connected to the first wiring line WL. The memory cell MC is provided with the variable resistance element VR, and a Schottky diode SD is connected in series with the variable resistance element VR which stores a resistance value which is determined due to a phase change between crystal and amorphous state as information.


Electricity markets have been moving on from infancy toward maturity. Experiences have shown that competitive market operation needs to integrate with secure and reliable system operation; otherwise, market failure and/or blackout may happen. This panel will review PJMs practice on how to achieve equilibrium between economic efficiency and system operation risk. In PJMs competitive market operation, economic efficiency is established based on system operating reliability. LMP-based congestion management and ancillary service markets were designed and implemented to support system security and reliability through price signals [1,2].


The South China Sea (SCS) is a semi-enclosed marginal sea. And in the northern SCS (NSCS), the Pearl River plume, mesoscale eddies and Kuroshio intrusion may influence the structure of pelagic ecosystems. Here, based on mesozooplankton samples collected in the NSCS from December 2014 to January 2015, spatial variations of mesozooplankton biomass, abundance, normalized biomass size spectra (NBSS), size structure and trophic structure were analyzed to study the response of mesozooplankton community to the influence of highly variable oceanographic environment. High biomass, abundance and intercept of NBSS for the mesozooplankton community were observed in highly productive regions (net primary production > 400 mg C m−2 day−1), such as river plume and cold eddy. No consistent spatial variation was observed for the slope of NBSS, probably because of highly dynamic marine environment in the NSCS. For the trophic structure of mesozooplankton community, the ratio of total chaetognaths biovolume to herbivores/omnivores biovolume (RTCH) was significantly high in river plume and Kuroshio intrusion. The high RTCH indicated unstable trophic structures, which may be due to extreme high proportion of smaller size individuals supported by discharge of river and transport of warm water species from the tropical western Pacific by Kuroshio intrusion, respectively.


Ch gallstones are more common in women than in men in every population studied. We have found that the classical estrogen receptor α (ERα), but not ERβ, in the liver plays a key role in E2‐induced gallstones in female mice. We recently discovered that GPR30 is a new gallstone gene, Lith18, and is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum, but not the nucleus, of hepatocytes. Thus, the molecular mechanisms of elucidating the lithogenic role of E2 in gallstone formation became more complicated. Our aim is to explore whether GPR30 produces an independent lithogenic action to promote hepatic Ch hypersecretion and gallstone formation in female mice. We also investigated whether the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is required for GPR30 to produce a non‐transcriptional regulatory role in inhibiting hepatic Ch 7α‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and the classical pathway of bile acid (BA) synthesis, leading to the availability of excess amounts of Ch for hepatic hypersecretion and gallstone formation.


The objective of this study was to analyse microbiological organisms in different locations and regions for physical activity in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil. Samples were collected on various objects used, such as: mattresses, drinking fountains, gloves, cell phones and others. The samples were collected in João Pessoa-PB, following the Standard Operating Procedure-SOP/ Microbiology of a specialized laboratory. The collection took place in the five macro-regions: North, South, East, West and Center. For each region samples were collected in one public place (square), a private one (gym) and one school (public or private), totaling fifteen collected sites and 450 samples. The following microorganisms were studied in all analyzed surfaces: Bacillus sp, Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella spp or Enterobacter spp and Coag. Neg. Staphylococcus. All regions had a high contamination level by some microorganism. The highest rates were found in the western, central and northern regions - 96, 94 and 93% respectively. The Coag. Neg.Staphylococcus presented the highest and lowest incidence rates in the South and East regions, with 43.33 and 6.67%, respectively, as well as Klebsiella spp or Enterobacter spp, which presented high levels. It is concluded that there is a microorganisms' contamination in the most varied places and regions where physical activity practices are developed, with a predominance of Coag. Neg.Staphylococcus and Klebsiella spp or Enterobacter spp. These results lead to a warning about the hygiene importance in places for physical activity practice, especially in pandemic times (COVID-19), since almost all the evaluated surfaces were contaminated.


Fortheelectricity metering forbilling purposes in distribution systems, thestatic meters aresubstituting thetraditional inductive meters. Thus, theevaluation oftheperformances ofsuch equipments isrequired, alsointhepresence ofdisturbances affecting thepowersystems. With respect tothis, this paperanalyzes themainaspects related tothemetrological characterization ofthe static meters forreactive energy inthepresence ofharmonic distortion. Particular attention isgiven tothereference standard meters, that arenotconsidered bytheactual in-force Standards. Theanalysis issupported byseveral experimental tests.


Researchers prospectively studied the risk for physical accidents requiring medical attention in 951 patients with epilepsy and 904 age- and


We developed a robust object-level change detection method that could capture distinct scene changes in an image pair with viewpoint differences. To achieve this, we designed a network that could detect object-level changes in an image pair. In contrast to previous studies, we considered the change detection task as a graph matching problem for two object graphs that were extracted from each image. By virtue of this, the proposed network more robustly detected object-level changes with viewpoint differences than existing pixel-level approaches. In addition, the network did not require pixel-level change annotations, which have been required in previous studies. Specifically, the proposed network extracted the objects in each image using an object detection module and then constructed correspondences between the objects using an object matching module. Finally, the network detected objects that appeared or disappeared in a scene using the correspondences that were obtained between the objects. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed network, we created a synthetic dataset of images that contained object-level changes. In experiments on the created dataset, the proposed method improved the F1 score of conventional methods by more than 40%. Our synthetic dataset will be available publicly online.


An additive includes a calcium source, a suspension agent, a castor oil, and optionally a castor supplement/replacement. In many embodiments, polyalphaolefin is included. The preferred suspension agents are fatty acid esters, triglycerides or other, with a pour point/melt point from about 5 degrees C to about 50 degrees C. Suspension agents of particular interest are: 1) polymerized ester(s) of ricinoleic acid (polymerized ester(s) of 12-Hydroxy Oleic Acid), 2) polymerized ester(s) of 12-Hydroxy Stearic Acid, 3) waxy esters of ricinoleic acid, 4) palm oil, 5) palm-olein, 6) coconut oil, and 7) jojoba oil. The waxy esters may result from polymerization of shorter carboxylic acid monomers. The additive may be used in fuels to improve combustion engine performance in terms of efficiency and emissions. Polyalphaolefin may be important, especially in additive formulations for diesel fuels, for NOx reduction. The additive may be used in lubricants that improve performance of both ferrous and non-ferrous metal components of engines, guns, or other machinery. The additive also may be used in cutting fluids for machining and fabrication. Used in conjunction with other additives, embodiments of the invention may be used to lower pour points in oils, esters and other similar products.


Gallium nitride (GaN)-based Schottky junctions were fabricated by RF-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The GaN epitaxial layers were deposited on novel double buffer layers that consist of a conventional low-temperature buffer layer (LTBL) grown at 500/spl deg/C and an intermediate-temperature buffer layer (ITBL) deposited at 690/spl deg/C. Low-frequency excess noise and deep level transient Fourier spectroscopy (DLTFS) were measured from the devices. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in the density of deep levels in the devices fabricated with the GaN films grown with an ITBL. Compared to the control sample, which was grown with just a conventional LTBL, a three-order-of-magnitude reduction in the deep levels 0.4 eV below the conduction band minimum (E/sub c/) is observed in the bulk of the thin films using DLTFS measurements.


The aim of this study was to isolate Bacillus spp. and actinomycetes and screen for their antagonistic activity against fungi contaminated on para rubber sheet. Total of 206 Bacillus spp. and 151 actinomycetes from soils and para rubber sheets were screened for antagonistic activity by dual culture technique against six fungi (2 Aspergillus spp., 1 Penicillium sp., 1 Fusarium sp., 1 Rhizopus sp. and 1 Cladosporium sp.) commonly found on contaminated para rubber sheets in southern Thailand. Eighty-five percents of actinomycetes exhibited antifungal activity against at least one fungal isolate, whereas only 16% of Bacillus isolates was active. Thus, the top 30 actinomycetes having antifungal activity were selected for fermentation in ISP2 broth. The culture filtrates were tested for antifungal activity by agar dilution. Actinomycetes isolates AC41 and AC51 showed >80% inhibitory activity against all tested fungi. The culture filtrates were also extracted with ethyl acetate and the crude extracts were tested for their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by broth microdilution. Extracts from 8 actinomycetes AC37, AC41, AC51, AC70, AC72, AC74, AC78 and AC84 exhibited antifungal activity against all tested fungi with MICs ranging from 8-200 μg/ml. The best MICs were in the range of 16-64 μg/ml by AC41 and AC51 which appeared to be comparable to p-nitrophenol, a control antifungal agent (32-128 μg/ml). The effect of agitation, initial pH and temperature on the production of antifungal metabolites by the isolates AC41 and AC51 was investigated. The optimum conditions for AC41 and AC51 were observed at the static condition, pH7 and temperature 30 o C. The top 8 antagonistic actinomycetes were identified by morphological characteristics and molecular technique (16S rDNA). All of these actinomycetes are in the genus Streptomyces.


Discusses the Romanian reforms of 1967 and 1978 which went virtually unnoticed, with particular emphasis on the latter date. Highlights recent managerial decentralization measures in Romania indicating marketing implications. Uses official and first‐hand sources in drawing the article conclusions, looking also at Romania's environment. Further investigates marketing and marketing mix implications and looks further at price, promotion and distribution. Concludes and evaluates by assessing economic reforms in eastern Europe in general and in Romania in particular. Additionally, the central plan was national control of economic activities and centralized planning reliance.


Windows application program running principle was analyzed by means of WinMain function,InitInstance and Wnd Proc function for Win32SDK. On the basis of that, the further interpretation was made for how to realize the procedure by the MFC application program.In addition, the mechanism is also explained for the dynamic creation object in MFC application.


The International Consortium for Educational Development(ICED) ,as an international network of education,was established to promote the educational,academic and faculty development in higher education world-wide.ICED strengthens its effluence and provides a communication platform for the development of higher education in terms of enlarging the members'quantities universally as well as holding the ICED Councils and International Conferences.


Background: In PsA there is a pressing need to develop a coherent strategy for identifying initial and subsequent biologic responders. PsA patients present substantial heterogeneity in response to biologics, and molecular subtyping will help to identify the right patient for the right treatment. Objectives: To identify transcript profiles (biomarkers) that will select TNFi and IL-17Ai responders in PsA using baseline CD4+ cells; and elucidate novel signaling pathways relevant to biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) response using a systems biology approach. Methods: Consenting patients initiating TNFi agents (20 patients) or IL-17Ai agents (20 patients) with moderate-to-severe PsA were assessed with a comprehensive standardized protocol at baseline and at 3 months. Responder to bDMARDs was defined by Disease Activity index for PSoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) score of less than 14 (low disease activity). Global transcript profiling was performed on all patients prior to initiation of and 3 months post bDMARDs. We mapped RNA-seq reads to the hg19 reference genome using STAR and quantified transcripts with Cufflinks. The transcripts per million (TPM) values were log-transformed for statistical analyses Results: The demographics of PsA patients for both treatment groups are presented (Table 1). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma tool for TNFi and IL-17Ai responders and non-responders (Figure 1) as well as DEGs that differentiated TNFi from IL-17Ai response and non-response. Integration of differential gene expression data with tissue-specific protein-protein interactions (IID version 2018-11) identified 117 and 132 DEGs between responders and non-responders to TNFi and IL-17Ai treatments, respectively. Comprehensive pathway enrichment analysis of these genes using pathDIP (v 4.1) revealed 576 (out of 5380) pathways enriched in 117 DEGs between responders and non-responders to TNFi, and 125 pathways enriched in 132 DEGs between responders and non-responders to IL-17Ai. Interestingly, while these two gene lists share only 17 genes, they have 79 enriched pathways in common suggesting potential effect of two different treatments on similar pathways but through different pathway members (Figure 2). Moreover, it suggests potential importance of the 17 shared genes in association with these pathways. Most of these pathways are related to innate and adaptive immune system, and to "osteoclast differentiation". Among 46 pathways specific to response to IL-17Ai, multiple Rho-GTPase-related pathways were identified. It has been shown that experimental inhibition of ROCK2, a target of Rho-GTPase family is effective in psoriatic disease through regulation of IL-17/23/10, but not IL-6 and TNFα. Conclusion: Integration of cell-specific transcriptomic data with protein networks represents a very promising strategy for identifying biologic responders and pathways involved in predicting response that may have identified the Rho-GTP pathway as a potential marker to guide the choice of biologic agents for individual patients. Disclosure of Interests: Sara Rahmati: None declared, Darren O'Rielly: None declared, Quan Li: None declared, Dianne Codner: None declared, Amanda Dohey: None declared, Kari Jenkins: None declared, Igor Jurisica Grant/research support from: IBM, Dafna D Gladman Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen Inc., BMS, Celgene Corporation, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB – grant/research support, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen Inc., BMS, Celgene Corporation, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB – consultant, Vinod Chandran Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Celgene, Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lily, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Employee of: Spouse employed by Eli Lily, Proton Rahman Grant/research support from: Janssen and Novartis, Consultant of: Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, and Pfizer., Speakers bureau: Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer


An image processing method and device in a virtual reality (VR) apparatus for solving a low precision problem of existing VR glasses since the VR glasses are adjusted to fit users with different degrees of myopia by moving a lens. The method comprises: determining, according to a visual acuity condition of a user of a VR apparatus, filtering parameters corresponding to the visual acuity of the user (S11); performing, according to the determined filtering parameters, reverse filtering on an image played in the VR apparatus (S12); and displaying the reverse-filtered image by means of a display screen in the VR apparatus (S13). Because the method and device utilize a software adjustment approach, high processing precision is achieved, so that the matching degree between an image displayed on the display screen in a VR apparatus and the visual acuity condition of a user is higher, and the user experience is improved.


Everyone knows that the Cherenkov effect is impossible in vacuum. The common explanation of this is that the Cherenkov effect in vacuum requires for a particle faster than light in contrast with the special theory of relativity. Starting from a combined analysis of the matter dispersion relations together with classical theory of Cherenkov effect, we show that it is impossible in a gravitation less vacuum without invoking the special theory of relativity. As a consequence, the impossibility of superluminal charged particles is demonstrated only on the basis of Maxwell equations. The special theory of relativity (STR) shows that no physical object can over pass the velocity of light in vacuum (c). In his first paper (1), Einstein derived this result starting from the covariance of the physical laws in any inertial reference frame and from the hypotheses that the velocity of light is independent of the velocity of its source. In particular, this last statement is in full agreement with any wave equation. In fact, both electromagnetic and acoustic waves are characterized by this noticeable property according to which the propagation velocity of a wave independent of the velocity of the the velocity of of these be characteristic of the


The principal aim of this study is to explore the impact of relaxation-retardation viscous dissipation, nonlinear convection, variable chemical reaction, and nonlinear thermal radiation on the three-dimensional rotating flow of an Oldroyd-B nanofluid over an exponentially extended surface.
 The Buongiorno model that takes into account the Brownian movement and thermophoresis responsible for nanoparticle motion. Exponentially varying temperature and concentration associated with convective heat transfer coefficients are assumed in the boundary conditions. The system of dimensionless
 ODEs is solved by the spectral quasi-linearization method. The results of the analysis show, among other results that the relaxation time parameter opposes the momentum transport while assisting heat transportation. The retardation time parameter acts to support momentum growth while reducing
 and resists heat transport. The present study focused on the investigation the effect of relaxation and retardation viscous dissipation on rotating flow of a non-Newtonian fluid (Oldroyd B fluid) past an exponential stretching sheet.


When the Europeans arrived and settled in North America, they brought the laws of their homeland with them. The legal systems they had known in Europe were adapted to the culture and conditions of the new world. The British legal traditions soon became the most widespread and today British Common Law forms the legal foundation throughout most of this continent. In the Northwest Territories our present legal system is based upon laws and legal practices which grew up and evolved over time in England. However, legal traditions did not start in the N. W. T. with the coming of Europeans. Long before the white men arrived, the native peoples had evolved their own ways of preventing and resolving social conflict. Today, the ancestors of these native poeple call themselves Dene and Inuit. Some of their elders still remember a time when the legal system was very different from what it is now. There were no full-time soldiers; no police, courts or jails; no designated judges; no customary or written laws.


This assessment was initiated by the NASA Engineering & Safety Center (NESC) after a number of recent "high profile" connector problems, the most visible and publicized of these being the problem with the Space Shuttle's Engine Cut-Off System cryogenic feed-thru connector. The NESC commissioned a review of NASA's connector selection and application processes for space flight applications, including how lessons learned and past problem records are fed back into the processes to avoid recurring issues. Team members were primarily from the various NASA Centers and included connector and electrical parts specialists. The commissioned study was conducted on spacecraft connector selection and application processes at NASA Centers. The team also compared the NASA spacecraft connector selection and application process to the military process, identified recent high profile connector failures, and analyzed problem report data looking for trends and common occurrences. The team characterized NASA's connector problem experience into a list of top connector issues based on anecdotal evidence of a system's impact and commonality between Centers. These top issues are as follows, in no particular rank order: electrically shorted, bent and/or recessed contact pins, contact pin/socket contamination leading to electrically open or intermittencies, connector plating corrosion or corrosion of connector components, low or inadequate contact pin retention forces, contact crimp failures, unmated connectors and mis-wiring due to workmanship errors during installation or maintenance, loose connectors due to manufacturing defects such as wavy washer and worn bayonet retention, damaged connector elastomeric seals and cryogenic connector failure. A survey was also conducted of SAE Connector AE-8C1 committee members regarding their experience relative to the NASA concerns on connectors. The most common responses in order of occurrence were contact retention, plating issues, worn-out or damaged coupling mechanisms, bent pins, contact crimp barrel cracking and torn seals. In addition to these common themes, responses included issues with markings, dimensional errors on the build, contact/socket damage (handling), manufacturing defects and customer misapplication and mishandling. The NESC team concluded that considering the large quantity and wide variety of connectors successfully flown on human and robotic space applications, the number of failures is quite low. However, "high profile" failures with significant cost, schedule, safety, and/or mission success impacts continue to occur. It was also concluded that connector failures occur throughout a system's life-cycle with the majority of connector issues application related. A number of recommendations were identified for improving NASA connector selection processes and overall space connector reliability and performance.


Originally published in 1964, this latest edition offers new information and insights on intelligence, assessment and the challenges of devising and implementing a problem-based curriculum. A particularly interesting chapter on special populations has given a much needed focus to the whole range and diversity of talent from the preschool years onwards. This book retains the broad structure of the earlier editions. Part 1, 'The gifted child and the changing school program' covers the conventional areas of identification, characteristics and school adaptations. Snapshot pictures of five children highlight the very real diversity that exists in this population, with sharp differences occurring in all domains physical, cognitive, scholastic achievement, personal and social. Being presented so early and so graphically means these portraits do much to alert readers to the dangers of superficial generalisations in this area of education. The loose but eloquent term, 'hidden gifted', is also introduced at the outset, again alerting us to the vital role of the teacher in the identification process, along with the critical need to consider factors beyond the conventional narrow band of IQ tests and formal academic achievement.


Althaea officinalis L., a plant of the Malvaceae family, is widely used in alternative medicine. The aim of this study is to cultivate the Althaea officinalis plant under in vitro conditions to create an appropriate callus regeneration protocol and investigate the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of calli after UV-C application. Leaf, petiole, and root parts of A. officinalis plants germinated in a sterile environment were used as explant sources. Explants were cultured on MS medium containing different concentrations of 2,4-D (1, 2 mg/l) and BAP (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 mg/l). The most effective (100%) callus growth and callus weight (516.24±0.48 mg) was observed on petiole explants using MS medium containing 1 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.25 mg/l BAP. Calli obtained from leaf and petiole explants were exposed to UV-C treatment. Extractions of calli were carried out using methanol and ethyl acetate solutions. 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml solutions of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts were prepared and their antimicrobial activity on bacteria was investigated using the disc diffusion method for 7 different gram-positive and 9 different gram-negative bacteria. None of the three extract concentrations used had any antimicrobial activities. The anticancer activities of the extracts on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were studied using the WST-1 viability kit. 1000, 500, 250, 125, and 62.5 µg/ml concentrations of ethyl acetate extracts of leaf and petiole calli had anticancer activity.


The scientific concept of development is the Marxist world outlook and methodology on development. In building a well-off society in an all-round way and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, implementing the scientific concept of development conscientiously is the basic requirements and fundamental way to adhere more strictly to principles and work more systematically and with greater foresight and creativity.


The study analyzed the spatial variability of daily rainfall intensity in the Middle Belt region (MBR) of Nigeria for 46-year period (1961-2006). Daily rainfall (≥0.3mm) data were collected from eight synoptic weather stations in the study area. Daily rainfall intensity were classified into six categories using percentiles (P) namely; extremely light (≤ P10), light (P11 - P20), moderately light (P21 – P50), moderately heavy (P51 – P80), heavy (P81 – P90) and extremely heavy (> P90). To compute the percentile threshold values of the intensity categories, the population of rain days was first extracted and then ranked. The threshold values of the percentiles were extracted for each of the six categories among the eight stations and the annual number of daily rainfall for each station were then determined. The result showed a zonal pattern of increase in annual number of days for extremely heavy and heavy events from eastern to western parts of the MBR. There are enclaves of high annual rain days for the light and moderate categories in Jos plateau. The study concludes that the spatial variation will have tremendous impact on water resources and crop production as well as hazards of erosion and flooding.


Percentage Growth of Felony Filings in 17 Courts, 1997-1999 Felony filings are down in most state trial courts. The decline is occurring in trial courts both large and small and, for the first time, is now visible at the national level. The 2 percent decline in overall felony filings observed between 1998 and 1999 is the first drop recorded since the Court Statistics Project began collecting the data in 1984. This downturn in felony cases is a welcome change following a rise of 73 percent over the 15-year period.


This brief presents a novel control method for half-vehicle active suspension systems driven by hydraulic actuators. First, a coordinate transform approach is introduced to reformulate the strict-feedback system into a canonical form, by which the widely used backstepping method is not required. Then, a modified high-gain observer (HGO) is studied to rebuild the unknown system states of the nonlinear active suspension system. To eliminate the effect of unknown nonlinearities, a simple robust unknown system dynamics estimator (USDE) with only one tuning parameter is developed in terms of the system input and output only. Finally, the observer and estimator are integrated to design an output feedback controller to regulate the vehicle motion. Comparative experiments are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


A study of the distribution and abundance of Cyanobacteria in 47 Spanish water reservoirs revealed a significant correlation between these algae and total phosphorus in the water. Cyanobacteria distribution was related to the N:P ratio, and they were scarce when the atomic ratio of total inorganic N / total P exceeded 50. The N:P ratio was influenced by the geology of the catchment, and it was lower in the solute-poor waters of western Iberian Peninsula, where Cyanobacteria were more abundant (mainly the Nostocales). Therefore, this area would be more prone to present problems derived from Cyanobacteria proliferation than the eastern part of Spain. In the studied reservoirs we have recorded 45 taxa of Cyanobacteria, many of which can produce toxins. A comparison of our results with those of previous studies served to conclude that Cyanobacteria have increased both in biomass and species number in Spanish reservoirs.


Dear Editor, Nodular cystic fat necrosis (NCFN) is a distinctive condition characterized clinically by single or multiple mobile subcutaneous nodules and histopathologically by encapsulated fat necrosis with lipomembranous change. We describe an interesting case of NCFN that occurred on both shins of a young soldier. A 21-year-old man with no specific medical history presented with bilateral asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules on his shins. He had been serving in the army for 1 year and recognized the nodules only a few days before he visited our clinic. On physical examination, two flesh-colored, firm, movable, subcutaneous, round nodules that measured 1 cm in diameter were symmetrically palpated on both shins and the locations of the nodules were consistent with the sites repeatedly compressed by the shoelace knots of combat boots (Fig. 1a,b). The patient denied any other history of trauma at the lesional sites. Histopathological examination of excisional biopsy specimens taken from both shins revealed thinly encapsulated nodules with multiple non-nucleated adipocytes, lipomembranous change and calcification (Fig. 1c,d). Nodular cystic fat necrosis, also called mobile encapsulated lipoma or encapsulated fat necrotic nodule, is a distinct clinical and histopathological entity. NCFN usually occurs on the trauma-prone areas, most frequently on the lower extremities. Although its etiopathogenesis is still unclear, it seems to be related to definite or unrecognized trauma and subsequent rapid vascular insufficiency. NCFN has also been reported in association with sarcoidal granuloma, splinter granuloma, erythema nodosum and several systemic diseases including systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis and diabetes mellitus. Therefore, some authors have speculated that multiple local or systemic conditions causing a vascular compromise in the subcutaneous tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis of NCFN. This hypothesis has been supported by that lipomembranous change frequently found in NCFN is a non-specific pattern that can also be seen in many other diseases accompanied by ischemic fat injury such as lipodermatosclerosis, erythema nodosum, morphea, traumatic panniculitis, lupus panniculitis, dermatomyositis and necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum; the majority of these diseases overlap with those mentioned above. Our case is somewhat unique in that NCFN symmetrically occurred at the sites directly compressed for a relatively long time and suggests that chronic, repeated, minor, local ischemia as well as rapid vascular insufficiency by a traumatic event may be a causative factor of NCFN. Thus, it could be another evidence that various local or systemic events causing a vascular insufficiency of adipose tissue contribute to the induction of NCFN with lipomembranous change. In conclusion, we report a case of NCFN related to chronic minor local ischemia and our case may provide an additional clue to understanding the pathogenesis of NCFN more clearly.


SOCIETY OF MEDICAL OFFICERS OF HEALTII. FRIDAY, MARCH 16TH, 1888. ALFRED HILL, M.D., President, in the Chair. Death-Rates as Tests ofHlealthine8s.-Dr. Louis PARKEs read a paper in which the fa acies arising from a faulty enumeration of the population on which deatlh-rates were founded were pointed out, and it was shown that in the ten years intervening between two censuses, it was in many cases impossible to arrive at even an approximate enumeration by any method at present known. The only effectual remedy would be a quinquennial instead of a decennial census. The author next pointed out the fallacies which might arise from disregard of the different age and sex distributions of different populations, when their death-rates were used for the purposes of comparison and as tests of health and sanitary condition. It was urged that no public statement of death-rates should be made, which had not been corrected for age and sex distribution on the basis of the proportions found to exist in the country generally at the date of the last census. The method employedl by the Registrar-General in the case of the twenty-eight large towns of E^ngland and Wales was simple and efficient, and witlh no great labour might be applied to every community of persons throughout the country. The influence of birth-rate upon death-rate was considered, and the late Dr. Letheby's views upon the relations which should subsist between a high birth-rate and a high death-rate were alluded to. The fundamental distinctions between mean age at death and mean duration of life were insisted upon, and it was shown that the mean duration of life was one of the best tests of the healthiness of a population. In conclusion, the author brought under notice the high death-rates wlhich had distinguished for so many years some of the northern manufacturing towns, and urged that this excessive mortality, whiclh was largely confined to the earliest periods of life, was due to causes which could be brought under control, and that an autlhoritative inquiry into all its aspects was demand ed. Such an inquiry would bring public opinion to bear upon acondition of things which should not be allowed to exist any longer.-In the discussion which followed, the PRnE8SDENT, Drs. BATE, SYKES, SAUNDERS, and SEATON, and Messrs. BUTTmnFIELD, BLYTH, NOEL HuMpjH1auYs, LoVErT and SHIRLEY MURPHY took part, and Dr. PARKEs replied.


Fenhe valley located in the region of soil erosion in the middle Yellow River, water resources is always very short. Especially in recent decades, plentiful human activities affected the change of runoff. The negative function brought by the change to Fenhe valley is unexpected. In order to survive and develop, the people destroyed forest and reclaimed wasteland excessively, which made ecological environment breach. Water and soil losses, waterlog, drought disaster, pollution of water quality and soil salinification etc. restricted the development in Fenhe valley. In recent decades, the days that the observed discharge of Hejin hydrology station in Fenhe less than 1m 3 /s is up to more than 100 days. It became almost intermittent river due to long time near break-off. Under the condition of same rainfall, runoff decreased largely and concentration of water quality pollution increased. It is very disadvantage to the Yellow River that runoff decreased in Fenhe valley. Owing to excessive population, high degree of water resources exploitation and utilization, and finite local water resources, we must strengthen the management of utilization of exist local water resources, heighten the ratio of water usage, save water usage, and protect water-soil resources for the great development of socio-economic in Fenhe valley.


In an investigation of 62 patients from fifteen to forty-five years of age with acute deep venous thrombosis of the lower limb, it was found that the disease had originated most often in the calf veins in men and in women not using oral contraceptives. In women using oral contraceptives, the thrombosis started least often in the calf veins and most often in the iliofemoral veins. A tentative explanation of this difference in localization of thrombosis of the leg with the use of oral contraceptives is given.


Twenty-year-old Amanda Derrington is on an extended cruise with her uncle when she decides to make a short trip to the sun-washed island of Cyprus. But even before the ship arrives in the port, there is a suspicious death. Once the passengers reach the island, it soon becomes clear that the death was in fact an act of murder. What Amanda had meant to be a pleasant excursion quickly takes a turn for the worse in this classic novel of suspense and romance by one of our most celebrated writers.


Isothermal vapor−liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 323.15 K are reported for the binary systems of propyl vinyl ether (PVE) + ethanol, ethanol + isooctane, and PVE + isooctane and also for ternary s...


The problem of reconfiguration for active distribution systems is formulated as a stochastic mixed-integer second-order conic programming (MISOCP) model that simultaneously considers the minimization of energy power losses and CO2 emissions. The solution of the model determines the optimal radial topology, the operation of switchable capacitor banks, and the operation of dispatchable and non dispatchable distributed generators. A stochastic scenario-based model is considered to handle uncertainties in load behavior, solar irradiation, and energy prices. The optimal solution of this model can be reached with a commercial solver; however, this is not computationally efficient. To tackle this issue a novel methodology which explores the efficiency of classical optimization techniques and heuristic based on neighborhood structures, referred as matheuristic algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm. the neighborhood search is carried out using the solution of reduced MISOCP models that are obtained from the original formulation of the problem. Numerical experiments are performed using several systems to compare the performance of the proposed matheuristic against the direct solution by the commercial solver CPLEX. Results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methodology solving the problem for large-scale systems.


In this paper, the undesirable odor from virgin PP resin was studied using an electronic olfactory system equipped with a set of metal oxide semi-conductor sensors. Odor of PP resin and the effects of heating temperature and heating time on the odor from different grades of PP resin were studied. It was found that the odor of PP resin was detected by the electronic olfactory system. Effects of heating temperature above 50°C and heating time on the release of the odor were obviously observed, and the odor intensity increased with the increase of heating temperature and the extension of heating time.


Attachment of one or two phosphonio substituents converts a phospholide anion not only into a zwitterion or cation but induces as well a redistribution of the π-electrons in the ring. The result of these changes is an eventual reduction of π-nucleophilicity and a simultaneous increase in π-electrophilicity, and, as a consequence, the chemical properties of these species exhibit some notable differences from those of the original anions. This review gives an account on the current knowledge on the synthesis, physical properties, and-in particular-chemical behaviour of phosphonio-substituted phospholide derivatives. With respect to the significance of the use of phospholides as ligands in coordination chemistry, the substituent induced tuning of the ligand properties of the zwitterionic and cationic species, and the resulting effects on the molecular and electronic structure of the complexes formed, will be given special attention.


Here we report for the first time, the synthesis of bismuth coated silver nanoparticles in dichroic bismuth glass nanocomposites by a novel and simple one-step melt quench technique without using any external reducing agent. The metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were generated first and subsequently metallic bismuth was deposited on the Ag NPs and formed a thick layer. The reduction of Bi to Bi and subsequently its deposition on the Ag NPs (which were formed earlier than Bi) in the K2O-Bi2O3-B2O3 (KBB) glass system has been explained by their standard reduction potentials. The UV-vis absorption spectra show a prominent surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band at 575 nm at lower concentrations (up to 0.01 wt %); three bands at 554, 609 and 780 nm at medium concentration (0.02-0.03 wt %); and two weak bands at 619 and 817 nm at highest concentration (0.06 wt %) of silver. They have been explained by the electrodynamics theories. TEM images reveal the conversion of spheroidal (5-15 nm) to hexagonal (10-35 nm) shaped Ag NPs with the increase in concentration of silver (up to 0.06 wt %). SAED pattern confirm the crystalline planes of rhombohedral bismuth and cubic silver. Thermal treatment at 360C, which is the glass transformation temperature (Tg) of the sample containing lower concentration of silver (0.007 wt %) shows red shifted SPR band due to increase in size of NPs. Where as the sample containing higher concentration (0.06 wt %) of silver under similar treatment


: The absorption and fluorescence properties of structurally correlated compound are 1,1 ' -dimethoxy-4,4 ' -dinitro-2,2 ' -binaphthyl and 4,4'-diamino-1,1'-dimethoxy-2,2'-binaphthyl in 9 various solvents of different polarities was studied. The absorption maxima of these compounds not follow the selectivity with respect to the solvent polarity, whereas depends on the nature of substitution. The fluorophores with electron withdrawing group have larger fluorescence quantum yields and greater solvatochromism than the compounds with electron donating groups. Protic solvents yielded higher fluorescence quantum efficiency.


According the characteristic of wireless network and the safe requirement of Tower Cranes,we research on real-time and robust wireless network in Industrial edition,and we developed a Tower Crane Anti-Collision system to prevent collisions between cranes.


This article focuses on the relevance of 'less restrictive means' (LRM) analysis for the application of the proportionality test in the context of non-absolute rights under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Instead of applying a more structured German-tradition-like proportionality test, including a separate LRM test, the Court has traditionally resorted to a loose balancing exercise. Recently, however, the Court seems to be more and more willing to integrate explicit LRM reasoning in its proportionality analysis. This LRM 'revolution' is discussed in this article. First, the article provides a theoretical discussion of the LRM test as part of the sophisticated German-tradition-like proportionality test, as well as of the possible advantages or drawbacks of such an approach.


: Seismic fragility curves are commonly used to assess the vulnerability of structures to earthquakes by representing the probability of structural failure as a function of an earthquake intensity measure. The classical approach for computing fragility curves assumes the curves to have a lognormal shape. This approach is therefore parametric. Since fragility curves play an important role in the framework of performance-based earthquake engineering, it is of utmost importance either to validate the accuracy of the lognormal assumption or to propose an assumption-free approach to compute these curves. In a recent work, the authors validated the lognormal assumption for a linear steel frame. However, in a more realistic case study of this steel frame with non-linear material behavior, the lognormal assumption showed insufficient accuracy. In this paper, we consider a different type of structure, i.e. a typical reinforced-concrete bridge column subject to recorded ground motions. We compute fragility curves for the column, first with the classical parametric approach and subsequently with a non-parametric method based on kernel density estimation. Two different intensity measures are considered, namely the peak ground acceleration and the pseudo-spectral acceleration. The results show the limitations of the classical lognormal approach for this type of structure and prove kernel density estimation to be a promising tool for establishing seismic fragility curves.


Objective
To summarize the postoperative nursing experience of 1 patient with pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with superior mesenteric vein resection and artificial vascular reconstruction.

Methods
The nursing measures included: paying attention to anticoagulation treatment and observing its effect, strengthening pain management, giving nutritional support, pertinent nursing care for gastroparesis, guiding quantitative respiratory treatment for patient, preventing the lack of trace elements during jejunitas.

Results
Through active and effective nursing, the patients were discharged smoothly forty-seven days after operation.

Conclusions
Through nursing of 1 patient with pancreatic cancer underwent pancreatoduodenectomy combined with superior mesenteric vein resection and artificial vascular reconstruction after surgery, nurses can improve the nursing skills and nursing observation ability, as well as the theoretical basis and practical experience for the future clinical work.

Key words:
Pancreatic neosplasma; Nursing care; Pancreatoduodenectomy; Superior mesenteric vein resection; Artificial vascular reconstruction


Contents Ultrasound is one of the most promising forms of non‐invasive contraception and has been studied in several animal models. The objective of the current investigation was to determine the most practical and effective application protocol for dog sterilization. A total of 100 dogs were divided into five equal groups. Group A received 5‐min applications three times performed at 48‐hr intervals and covering the entire testicular area at frequency of 1 MHz; Group B received 5‐min applications three times performed at 48‐hr intervals over the dorso‐cranial area of the testis at frequency of 3 MHz; Group C received three sequential 5‐min applications (at 5‐min intervals between applications) covering the entire testicular area at frequency of 1 MHz; Group D received 15‐min applications two times performed at 48‐hr intervals and covering the entire testicular area at frequency of 1 MHz. The experimental groups' ultrasound had an intensity of 1.5W/cm2. The Control Group had the same procedure as Group A, but with the transducer switched‐off. Dogs were surgically castrated 40 days following the treatment for histological examination. Azoospermia, testicular volume reduction and apparently irreversible testicular damage were achieved by Group A. No effects were noticed in the other groups. Testosterone levels remained within physiological range with all application protocols. A regimen of three applications of ultrasound at 1 MHz, and 1.5 W/cm2, lasting 5 min with an interval of 48 h was effective as permanent sterilization in the dog without hormonal impact.


Out of the Human Genome Project and automated sequencing technology has arisen a controversy over the attempt to obtain patents on fragments of functional genes, known as expressed sequence tags (EST), and the genes themselves. In addition to legal and academic debate over the patent ability of expressed sequence tags, the issue of property rights in these gene fragments raises questions about economics and social policy. The article offers a solution to this debate by proposing a registration stem that, first, avoids the costs of patent prosecution and examination; second, has none of the adverse economic consequences of patenting expressed sequence tags; and, third, recognizes that expressed sequence tags have some value. The article summarizes the science, explains the controversy over ESTs, and outlines a trio of existing models for access to EST sequences. The article continues by analyzing issues of patent law in relation to ESTs and introduces property and economic issues. The article then proposes two possible solutions: limiting to ten the number of ESTs per patent application, as is currently the plan and policy of the PTO; and issuing short-term (ten-year) patents on ESTs alone. This leads to the author explaining, justifying, and defending a registration system that gives less robust property rights than the standard twenty-year patent. Finally, the author addresses some of the philosophical issues pertaining to property rights in genetic material.


This paper addresses a class of two-stage robust optimization models with an exponential number of scenarios given implicitly. We apply Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition to exploit the structure of these models and show that the original problem reduces to a single-stage robust problem. We propose a Benders algorithm for the reformulated single-stage problem. We also develop a heuristic algorithm that dualizes the linear programming relaxation of the inner maximization problem in the reformulated model and iteratively generates cuts to shape the convex hull of the uncertainty set. We combine this heuristic with the Benders algorithm to create a more effective hybrid Benders algorithm. Because the master problem and subproblem in the Benders algorithm are mixed-integer programs, it is computationally demanding to solve them optimally at each iteration of the algorithm. Therefore, we develop novel stopping conditions for these mixed-integer programs and provide the relevant convergence proofs. Extensive computational experiments on a nurse planning problem and a two-echelon supply chain problem are performed to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.


The `Landau-Ginzburg' theory of Girvin and MacDonald, modified by adding the natural magnetic term, is shown to admit stable topological as well as non-topological vortex solutions. The system is the common λ→0 limit of two slightly different non-relativistic Maxwell-Chern-Simons models of the type recently introduced by Manton. The equivalence with the model of Zhang, Hansson and Kivelson is demonstrated.


[Objective]The purpose was to study the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extract of Chinese gall and Coptidis rhizoma.[Method]Agar-dilution method was used to determine extract's anti-bacterial activity in vitro.[Result] The results indicated that the range of the MIC was from 0.10 to 0.40 mg/ml.[Conclusion]The extract of Chinese gall and Coptidis rhizoma has an obvious anti-bacterial activity.


The current experiment was carried out in the field in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) for parents viz., MCU5, MCU7, CO14, and CO17, which were utilized as lines (high yield) and KC2, KC3, NDLH1755 and NDLH1938, which were used as testers throughout the summer season of 2021. From the mean values among all parents calculated, KC 2 had lowest jassid population of mean 4.13 numbers per leaf, highest amount of phenol (3.72 mg/g), low amount of reducing sugars (1.22 mg/g) and high chlorophyll index (58.73). Among other hybrids the hybrid MCU 5 × KC 3 outperformed for highest phenol content (3.72 mg/g), highest chlorophyll index (58.73) with lowest Jassid count (4.13 numbers/ plant). Hence from the correlation results, number of jassids per plant would be lower for high phenolic content, low reducing sugar, lower soluble proteins, higher chlorophyll index and higher trichome density. Hence breeding could be made for resistance to jassids by insight into this biochemical analysis and trichome density of the cultivar which would help reduce use of insecticides and pest load from the fields thereby enhancing the yield of the population.


This paper investigates the use of multilevel differential phase-shift keying with forward error-correcting coding as a technique for achieving limited bandwidth, yet reliable communication over a class of fading channels. Error rate bounds based on the cutoff rate are computed to show that multilevel modulation can be used to allow significant coding gains, while maintaining or reducing the bandwidth of the transmitted signal.


This qualitative study attempted to examine the ethical principles of autonomy and confidentiality and their applications among the daily work activities of mental health case managers. The philosophical concepts of Utilitarianism and Deontology were also examined as justifications for the case managers' applications of treatment. For the purpose of this study, a qualitative interview was conducted with three, mental health, intensive case managers to ascertain their individual perceptions and applications of autonomy and confidentiality. Observations of case manager team meetings and reviews of several agency policies were also conducted. All data were then analyzed for thematic content. The emerging themes consisted of: daily havoc, confidentiality is contextual, autonomy is relative and is manipulated, and protection. These themes suggest that the application of autonomy and confidentiality are directly influenced by contexts, policies, values, and behaviors. This study should be beneficial to health care practitioners for the purpose of recognizing the dynamic role of context and its' influence on client health care and therapeutic management. Overview Ethical principles are perhaps the most salient representations of human thought and action embraced by individuals, societal institutions, and communities. Despite their traditional acceptance, these principles can, and often do possess various meanings that are either directly or indirectly influenced by the cultural context in which one interacts. The controversy that comprises ethical decisions and their applications is derived from the nature of ethics itself. The role of ethics becomes apparent only as one considers his actions in response to another. Therefore, human interaction is but one prerequisite of ethical application; context furnishes the remaining attributes. It is the human component however that appears to provide the dilemma that characterizes ethical applications. For instance, human interaction is diversified and characterized by multiple perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes. Although many theorists argue that human interaction is comprised of entirely observable behaviors (Skinner, 1971), its diversity poses difficulty for measurement and predictability. In essence, humanity is the gray between the black and white that comprises our societal rules and regulations. Ethical principles assume primary salience within a mental health setting predominantly because of the multitude of individualities and the civil eases with which the mental health practitioner can assume a paternalistic role with a client that is experiencing personal distress Thus, both context and human interaction encompass the bureaucratically established mental health system. In essence, it is almost paradoxical to analyze the colorful role of ethics within a monochromatic bureaucracy. Throughout history, ethical principles and their applications have consisted of both analysis and controversy. Traditionally, philosophers have been designated as those who are associated with the study of ethics. However, as health care reform has become a reality, many health care associations have begun to examine the role of ethics as it applies to the treatment of its societal members. Despite the enactment of ethical codes for various disciplines such as those established by the American Psychological Association, the American Medical Association, and


is due to the benefit or adverse effect of drugs or the device, or both, will be irrelevant if one or the other therapy is shown to be superior when overall mortality is assessed.^' How he can argue that it is impossible to come to a conclusion because there is no control arm, is even more bizzare since Dr. Singer has highlighted the risk of death in patients with resuscitated arrhythmias. It would be even more difficult to have a study with a placebo arm or no therapy at all. To have a trial using two approved therapies seems most reasonable. There is certainly a precedent for such design. Witness, for example, the treatment of myocardial infarction comparing different types of thrombolytic therapies. In summary, 1 take issue with Drs. Mower and Singer that the AVID trial is not grounded in good science. On the contrary, clincial practice is not now grounded in good science. Patients, third party insurers, the government, and society at large will no longer permit us to implant ICDs unless we can show that they improve survival, without an adverse effect on quality of life or financial cost, compared to other rational therapies.


The experimental studies were performed as a part of the serial study to elucidate structure of Lichtenberg figures and the process of their formatiori. In the experiments we used the color negative films were used instead of the reversal color hitherto used. The Lichtenberg figures on the usual black and white dry plates under various pressures were investigated by J. Stekolnikof and K. Riaschenzef and ' The color negative was newly used because of its sensitivity (ASA 320 or 500) superior to the reversal color (ASA 120) hitherto used with the view of finding important phenomena otherwise overloqked. We not only observed color Lichtenberg figures produced by the impulse of definite wave form and crest voltage under various atmospheric pressures. -' Observation was made mainly under the reduced pressures and the variation due to press'ure change, of the size, form and color of the figures was investi-' The size of the positive and negative figures ,grew as the pressure was reduced, and the color of streamers showed a tendency to grow thick and bluish violet tint (yellowish orange on color negative films). While in the gathering fan-shaped negative figures we found the same tendency, the rate of their growth due to pressure decrease was more remarkable than the positive, and their red streamers on the periphery (cyan-blue on the color negative) became more remarkable as the pressure was reduced. The red streamers which appeared only very slightly under a normal pressure became very distinct under reduced pressure. Besides, inferring from the multiple layer construction of color film and the color observed on the figures, might concluded that positive figures developed on the top layer of the emulsion only, while a structure The study on the color Lichtenberg figures under further decreased pressure was made to trace the relation among'the pressures, the creat voltages and the variation of both figures. In these cases, the color of the streamers of both figures was very weak bluish violet, and we could not find any trace of red streamers on the tips of the negative figures. The critical pressure was estimated to be about 7cm Hg, under 5.5kV of the crest voltage supplied.


According to the problem of using reservoir geophysical techniques in potential tapping of residual oil becoming hard in Daqing Changyuan,this article systematically expounds well-to-seismic integration structure research and reservoir prediction.Well-to-seismic integration technique makes micro structure interpretation successful in the practice.(1) Hierarchical structural interpretation is carried out,and structural interpretation of small-scale geologic body is established;(2) On low grade faults identification and combination,well log data are used to guide and to verify seismic faults interpretation,combined with the techniques concluding coherent body inclination positioning,3D visualization,etc;(3) On micro-amplitude structure,well point hierarchical data grid mapping are adopted,assisted by hand recognition,trend surface analysis,coherence cube,to implement the structure one by one.The practice of reservoir application proves that the popularity of using seismic attribute to predict reservoir is very limited,but in predicting 'bit balling sand' sand body,it is successful.The accuracy of seismic reconstruction inversion technique in reservoir prediction proves to be very high.It not only reflects sand bodies contact relationship well,but also predicts sand body horizontal boundary.By the method of 'well determine facies,slice assemble shape',using the characteristics of well log shape difference and height difference etc,assisted by inversion slice in river course vertical evolution research,finally multi-period river classification is achieved.


Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are one of the next-generation multilevel converters intended for medium/high-voltage high-power market. This paper initially studies a modified topology for flying-capacitor multicell converters (FCMCs) as a modular submultilevel module. The main advantage of the modified FCMC, in comparison with the conventional one, is that the number and voltage rating of the required dc voltage sources are halved. Afterward, the MMC that comprises the series connection of the modified FCMCs used as submultilevel modules is proposed. Simulation results and experimental measurements taken from the four-cell-five-level laboratory prototype system of the modified FCMC as a modular submultilevel module are presented in order to validate its performance and advantages. Moreover, simulation results and experimental measurements of three cascaded two-cell-three-level modules (ultimately seven-level proposed MMC) and four cascaded two-cell-three-level modules (ultimately nine-level proposed MMC) are presented in order to validate its viability, merits and the proposed control strategy.


For the North American species Cura foremanii, the authors confirm a diploid complement of 12 chromosomes, and give a detailed description of the karyotype which is characterized by the presence of one long metacentric and five more or less subtelocentric chromosomes. A population of the Australian species C. pinguis possesses 36 metacentric chromosomes that are easy to assemble in six groups of six elements each. This suggests a hexaploid condition as do the karyometric results. Meiosis is normal in both germ lines and the development appears to be amphimictic.


1-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)pyridazin-1-ium and 1-[2-oxo-2-(o-fluorophenylethyl)]pyridin-1-ium cations may equilibriate with the respective enol and enaminone tautomeric forms, both experimental NMR data and results of ab initio calculations show the keto forms to be the only species present in DMSO solution. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds and π electron delocalization seem to have negligible effect on stabilization of the tautomers. On the other hand, electrostatic repulsions between the onium nitrogen and hydroxy oxygen atoms in the compounds studied are considered to be responsible for the instability of the enol and enaminone tautomeric forms.


A compact connected Riemannian manifold of constant curvature 1 is said to be a spherical space form. If the fundamental group of a spherical space form is cyclic then the spherical space form is called a lens space. Let $M$ and $N$ be spherical space forms. In papers [2], [3], [4] and [5], we studied the spectrum of Laplacian acting on smooth functions of a spherical space form and considered the following problem.


Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are used to overcome the short-range and long charging time problems of purely electric vehicles. HEVs have at least two power sources. Therefore, the Energy Management (EM) strategy for dividing the driver requested power between the available power sources plays an important role in achieving good HEV performance. This work, proposes a novel real-time EM strategy for HEVs which is named ECMSCESO. ECMS-CESO is based on the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) and is designed to Catch Energy Saving Opportunities (CESO) while operating the vehicle. ECMS-CESO is an instantaneous optimal controller, i. e., it does not require prediction of the future demanded power by the driver. Therefore, ECMS-CESO is tractable for real-time operation. Under certain conditions ECMS achieves the maximum fuel economy. The main challenge in employing ECMS is the estimation of the optimal equivalence factor λ∗. Unfortunately, λ∗ is drive-cycle dependent, i. e., it changes from driver to driver and/or route to route. The lack of knowledge about λ∗ has been a motivation for studying a new class of EM strategies known as Adaptive ECMS (A-ECMS). A-ECMS yields a causal controller that calculates λ(t) at each moment t as an estimate of λ∗.


Accredition of Prior Experiential Learning (APEL) encourage students to continuously improved their skills and knowledge through a structured education and training, geared towards formal qualifications and better employment outcomes. This study aimed to explore the experience and routine on office work of technicians on the appropriateness of  design equalization process experience in the field of Industrial Automation Engineering Technology to higher education through APEL and to gain feedback from participants on their intentions to pursue their studies to a higher level. This study employed a qualitative approach and exploratory in nature. The instrument used for data collection is through the interview protocol. The participant for this interview are the Senior Technician of Fujitsu Component (M) Sdn. Bhd. In addition, the process of mapping equalization between the scope of work and experience of Senior Technician at Fujitsu Component (M) Sdn. Bhd. with the curriculum of Bachelor of Engineering Technology Industrial Automation, UTHM are the instrument employed in this research. The equalization mapping design is built to get the percentage of equalization between the two elements. This study equivalence between the two elements are helpful for those who have working experience to pursue their learning to a higher level. As a results of the mapping process, the potential to get credit exemption are different for each individual but it was not much difference if the individual possessed the same field and post.


Long-term post-COVID pain seems to be not associated with serological biomarkers of COVID-19 severity at hospital admission in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors. Other factors such as higher symptom load at the acute phase of the infection could be more relevant for the development of post-COVID pain symptoms.


INTRODUCTION Various architectures have been proposed to account for human speech perception. This paper focuses on a nonparametric method for comparing them. Comparison of distinct architectures is not as easy as it may seem. One basic distinction hinges on whether a system is interactive, (i.e., has feedback between levels). Massaro (1989, Cognitive Psych. 21 , 398-421) demonstrated that certain predictions of the TRACE model were not compatible with empirical results, while those from his feed-forward fuzzy logical models were. McClelland (1991 Cognitive Psych, 23, 1-44) showed that the failings of TRACE and of a simpler interactive activation model (IAC) may be due to the choice model employed and not to the presence of feedback. In experiments where more than one stimulus property is varied, simple geometric properties of decision regions may differentiate perceptual models. This criterion has previously been used to help characterize differences in computational power among neural networks with zero, one or two hidden layers by Lippmann (1987, IEEE ASSP Magazine 4 , 266-278). For evaluation of perceptual models, decision regions are defined by the modal response category, i.e., the category that is predicted to have the maximum number of responses on repeated presentation of the same stimulus. Such a characterization is independent of such complex issues as the choice process and the location of noise sources. 2 A CASE STUDY Consider a problem in speech perception involving the words 'see, sue, she, shoe.' These may be synthesized by varying two stimulus parameters. 1) Pf, the frequency of a fricative pole. Lowering Pf can change an isolated /s/sound to a ///-sound. 2) F2, the frequency of the second formant of the vocalic part of the syllable. Lowering F2 changes an isolated /i/ to /u/. It is well known (Whalen, 1989, Percep. and Psychophys., 46 , 284-292) that the boundary between /s/ and / / / on the Pf axis is lower when the following vowel is /u/ rather than /i/. Furthermore, the boundary between /i/ and /u/ is lower on the F2 axis when the preceding vowel is changed from /s/ to ///. There are several ways such shifts might occur. One would be through an interactive-activation (IAC) model where the output of consonant units feeds back to adjacent vowel units and output from vowel units feeds back to adjacent consonant units. Results at keast partly compatible with those described in the previous paragraph could be obtained if /i/ output fed back with a larger positive weight to the input of ///, while /u/ output fed back more positive ly to /s/ input. Similarly, /s/ output could feed back more positively to /u / , and / / / output more positively to /i/. However, the apparent compatibility breaks down in detail. Several purely feed-forward (non-interactive) alter natives were examined by Nearey (1990, J. Phonetics 18, 347-373) to model the results of the experiment of Whalen (1989) involving a two dimensional (Pf, F2) continuum. The results of this analysis indicated that the most appropriate model had decision regions depicted schematically:


- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a disease of primary importance for public health, not only in Mexico but throughout the world, because it is the most common non-communicable disease, caused by a combination of genetic, environmental and behavioral factors, which is why it is necessary to identify patients at high risk of DM2.le disease. However, is important to bear in mind that intervention by the health system through the Specific Action Program for the Prevention and Control of Diabetes Mellitus 2013-2018, could benefit the population at risk and impact the quality of life of sick patients through health promotion. Finally, proposals were included to strengthen the National Strategy


Hougaard, Carter and Coutts believe that distracted and overwhelmed leaders must contend with what they refer to as the PAID reality: "Pressured, Always-on, Information Overloaded and Distracted." The antidote is training attention and practicing mindfulness. It requires slowing down and "ensuring we are managing not just our activities but also our mind and remaining focused, calm and clear even in the midst of demanding business environments." Specific instructions and tips are provided for engaging in mindfulness and thriving in what has come to be known as "The Attention Economy." Mindfulness is about "developing high levels of self-management by switching off the autopilot and getting in the driver's seat of your life."


"The oral route of drug inclusion is the most convenient for the patient. In addition to ease of use, this method of drug inclusion has such advantages as non-invasiveness of inclusion, absence of complications during injection; comparative safety for the organism due to the passage of the active substance and auxiliary compounds through the gastrointestinal tract; the possibility of introducing larger doses of the drug at one time. However, despite the obvious advantages, the oral route of inclusion has a number of significant disadvantages that significantly limit its use for a number of drugs. Among them are: relatively slow therapeutic action of the drug with this route of inclusion; the aggressive effect of a number of drugs (for example, antibiotics) on the gastrointestinal tract; low bioavailability of a number of substances (especially high molecular weight hydrophilic compounds), caused by poor permeability of the intestinal epithelium for hydrophilic and large molecules, as well as enzymatic and chemical degradation of the active substance in the gastrointestinal tract. There are various approaches used in the development of oral drug delivery systems. In particular, for the targeted delivery of drugs, it is proposed to use nano- and microcapsules with mucoadhesive properties. Among the polymers used for the synthesis of these microparticles, it is preferable to use pH-dependent, gelable biopolymers that change their structure depending on the acidity of the environment. Microcapsules obtained from compounds with the above properties are capable of protecting the active substance (or from the active substance) in the stomach environment and ensuring its release in the intestine. These properties are possessed by such polysaccharides as alginate, pectin, carrageenan, xylan, etc. The listed biopolymers are non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, which makes microparticles containing these polysaccharides promising as oral drug delivery systems. To impart mucoadhesive properties to nanoparticles, complexes of the listed polymers with chitosan are used. In this research, pectin, a polysaccharide formed mainly by residues of galacturonic acid, was used as a structural polymer. The concentrations of substances in the initial solutions were selected that were optimal for the synthesis of microcapsules. The main parameters for evaluating the resulting microparticles were the size of the capsules (less than 1 μm for oral inclusion), the zeta-potential, showing the tendency of the microparticles to stick together, and the completeness of the binding of the microparticles to chitosan. It was found that the optimal solutions for the synthesis of microparticles are: 15.7 ml of a solution of pectin 0.093% by weight, 3.3 ml of a solution of chitosan 0.07% by weight and 1.0 ml of a solution of CaCl2 20 mM. The diameter of the microparticles obtained by this method was 700-800 nm, and the value of their zetta-potential, equal to - (34 ± 3) mV, does not cross the particle adhesion threshold. It was also found that the synthesis of microparticles at these concentrations of calcium chloride provides the most complete binding of chitosan to their surface, which increases the mucoadhesive properties of microparticles."


Carries on the investigation to the titanium alloy/Cu/stainless steel intermetallic compound of bonding interface in the meantime, to make a thermodynamic model of the interface element diffusion to have a numerical simulation of the diffusion distance and diffusion temperature, time. Using analysis methods of stretching test, microhardness test, SEM and EDS, to investigate and research the mechanical properties, the interface structure characteristic, the principal element atomic diffusion mechanism of joints thermal simulation and the vacuum diffusion bonding of Ti-6Al-4V/Cu/304, the reacting phases are produced and the distribution aP]VTGWTaTbd[cbbWfcWPcfWT]Q]SX]V aTbbdaTXb %@CPcWTYX]cobcT]bX[TbcaT]VcWUXabc increase and then decreases, with bonding temperature and time rising, When bonding temperature is 1223K, bonding time is 3.6 ks, there is a maximum tensile strength that is 162.73 MPa. However, it will is disadvantageous to performance of the joints, when bonding temperature and time extended overly. It formed multi-phase transition organizations by solid solution, intermetallic compounds in the bonding interface, such as Ti 2 Cu, Ti x Cu y , Ti 2 Fe, TiFe 2 and TiFe. Effect of Ti x Fe y on strength of the joints is slightly inferior the Ti x Cu y compound. The fracture is mainly by the titanium alloy side region III for the source dehiscence, developing in the weak diffusion layer.


The object of this paper is to report the results of an investigation into the internal structure of the facial nerve with particular reference to anatomical features which might influence the development of lesions which block conduction in it. A search of the literature has revealed that the anatomical descriptions available are inadequate for such relevant features as the funicular pattern of the nerve, the cross-sectional area of the trunk devoted respectively to the funiculi and epineurium and the amount of the Fallopian canal occupied by the nerve. The etiology of "Bell's Palsy" remains an unsolved problem. The role of the vasa nervorum has recently come under suspicion, the lesion in the nerve being attributed to an ischaemia which may be sufficiently severe to lead to necrosis and may even be responsible for changes in the surrounding bone (Kettel, '47). According to some, the ischaemia is due to intense local vasoconstriction (Audibert, Mattei and Paganelli, '36) or unspecified vascular changes (Kettel, '47 ; Hilger, '49). Others believe that it follows swelling of the nerve in its unyielding bony canal from cold, inflammation (Duel and Tickle, '36; Morris, '36, '38; Bunnell, '37) or disturbances of circulation (Pollak, '24 ; Mygind and Dederding, '29). The paralysis has also been attributed to pressure on the nerve caused by vascular stasis (del Piano, Bergara and Bergara, '36). Recent reports from those who have now had


In the past few days, Indian Stock markets are continuously falling due to the COVID-19 outbreak pandemic, and other global economic factors connected it. During this time, not only the Small but also the big player's wealth was affected. But Stock markets are wealth creators for long term investors, can be a small player like a trader or a big player like HNIs. Margin money is supplied by almost all the Stockbrokers including discount brokers in India to enable the intraday traders with a high level of leverage in the stock market with the small capital available with the traders. Margin money opportunity can be treated as a double-edged sword which can be used to win over the rival else it can kill ourselves if not used properly. Hence, the trader should have enough knowledge or strategy to use the margin money to gain from the opportunities that arise in real-time markets. The researcher has developed a strategy and back tested with past data. One of the prominent Doji based intraday strategies can be applied in stock markets to extract opportunities. The present study is an attempt to prove that stock markets can create wealth for the short-term investors as well. The objective of this study is to back-test the strategy for a short period and tests the results using the combination of algorithmic and statistical methods to decide on its consistency & future scope for implementation. During the Covid-19 many stocks have been affected due to uncertainty prevailed in both Domestic and Global markets. Especially the core sectors like Banking, IT, Steel, Chemical, and Pharma also affected due to the volatility in stock markets. Hence this study is enforced to observe all those sectors through DOJI based intraday strategy on selected stocks in NSE during 01-03-2020 to31-03-2020.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Rimonabant (SR141716) and the structurally related AM251 are widely used in pharmacological experiments as selective cannabinoid receptor CB1 antagonists / inverse agonists. Concentrations of 0.5–10 µM are usually applied in in vitro experiments. We intended to show that these drugs did not act at GABAA receptors but found a significant positive allosteric modulation instead.


Oreganum majorana has been successfully micropropagated using axillary bud explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with Kn 9.28 μM with 8085% response. Further, by repeated subculture resulted in rapid shoot multiplication on the same medium. The multiple shoots developed roots on MSBM fortified with, Kn 9.28 μM , IBA 4.92 μM and NAA 2.68μM. The well developed axinic plants were hardened under the controlled environmental conditions. The hardened and acclimatized plants were transferred to soil with 85% survival frequency.


Aiming at the high requirement of the environment of calibration lab, this paper designs a kind of wireless temperature and humidity acquisition and alarm system. This system based on AT89C52 microprocessor can collect, process and store the data from the sensor nodes in the laboratory and transmit the measurement data and alarm signal remotely through the SIM900A module. The sensor nodes are composed of AT89C2051, NRF2401 RF transceiver module, temperature and humidity sensor SHT11 and other components. The terminal control system can send an alarm signal and transmits it to the person in charge of the calibration laboratory with the temperature and humidity in the laboratory exceeds the threshold. The system can accurately monitor and record the temperature and humidity in the laboratory, and can send out the alarm signal when the data is overrun. So it can effectively avoid the experiment that verification, calibration and test under the unqualified condition, and it has very high practical value.


Since 1976, every federal appellate court has adopted rules that limit the publication of opinions.1 As a result, only a minority of the federal courts of appeals publish even half of their decisions on the merits.2 Although withholding opinions from publication is meant to reduce or eliminate their applicability to litigation, the large body of unpublished decisions creates a variety of incentives for those litigants who have unusual access to these opinions to use them. The policies reflected by the publication plans do not anticipate these sorts of incentives. Although the rules adopted by the courts of appeals attempt to curtail litigant use of unpublished opinions, the controls do not work because these mechanisms restrict only certain uses usually of the most overt kind such as citation. Not only do the appellate rules fail to destroy the usefulness of unpublished opinions, they also exacerbate the advantages that the selective publication plans give frequent litigants. This article discusses the courts' adoption of the limited publication plans and analyzes the methods used by the courts to discourage the use of unpublished opinions. It also discusses the results of a survey conducted to determine if, and how, government litigants some


The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the most intensively studied problems in computational mathematics. Information about real life systems is often available in the form of vague descriptions. Hence, fuzzy methods are designed to handle vague terms, and are most suited to finding optimal solutions to problems with vague parameters. This study develops a fuzzy multi-objective linear programming (FMOLP) model with piecewise linear membership function for solving a multi-objective TSP in order to simultaneously minimize the cost, distance and time. The proposed model yields a compromise solution and the decision maker's overall levels of satisfaction with the determined objective values. The primary contribution of this paper is a fuzzy mathematical programming methodology for solving the TSP in uncertain environments. A numerical example is solved to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The performance of proposed model with Zimmerman and Hannan's methods is compared. Computational results show that the proposed FMOLP model achieves higher satisfaction degrees.


High-resolution x-ray diffraction has been performed on strained SiGe nanoscale islands grown coherently on Si(001). Reciprocal space maps show a widely extended ``butterfly''-shaped island reflection and strong diffuse scattering around the substrate reflection. From such intensity maps the Ge content and its distribution inside the islands are evaluated. This is done by simulation of diffuse scattering for a variety of island models. The island shape is known from atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. The only free parameter was the Ge distribution, here approximated by a vertical concentration profile. With an abrupt increase of Ge content at about one third of the island height a rather good agreement with the experimental results is achieved. The strain distribution in the islands is then given by the finite element calculations, which are part of the simulation algorithm.


The connection between forced or unwanted sex and HIV transmission is well documented in the literature (Campbell, Lucea, Stockman, & Draughon, 2013; Draughon, 2012; Dunkle & Decker, 2013). The medical and anti-sexual violence communities have long recognized the value of anti-HIV medication, or non-occupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP), for people who have been sexually assaulted. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV following a sexual assault is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and several state and provincial guidelines as an effective biomedical HIV prevention strategy (CDC, 2010; Government of