The arguments iin favor of a bill to establish an elastic currency failed to produce legislation in the session of Congress just closed; nor is this result to be wondered at, if the validity of the arguments sometimes proposed be closely examnined. While the necessity of having the means of expanding and contracting our bank-issues is highly important for certain conditions and districts, it is obviously undesirable to assume that an increase of a bank's denmand obligatioins is as effective as an increase of its resources; or, that exchanges are carried on in this country only by the use of bank-notes. It cannot be too emphatically repeated just now that laws, which would enable a city bank to issuie more of its own notes, would not thereby increase one whit the amount of its reserves, and consequently would not increase one wlhit its ability to make discounts to borrowers. When banking institutions have absorbed their funds in carrying large loans to railways, or to industrial syndicates, the only way they can meet the varying and legitimate demands of the merchant and manufacturer for loans based on exchanges of goods is by introducing more capital into the banking business; or by making less use of existing banking capital iin promotions, or in other speculative operations, which are more or less removed from the usual demands of business. And it should also be emphatically repeated that a high and changeable rate of interest at the banks is an indication, not necessarily of a scarcity of money, but of a scarcity of capital in the loan market. Therefore, when a sensitive and high rate of interest in New York is referred to as a reason why our currency system is dangerously inelastic, the claim has very little, in principle or fact, to support it. Although interest is paid for capital, which gives control over purchasing power, the function of money, while important, is really secondary. In this case, money only serves as a medium of exchange to transfer capital from the lender to the borrower. Anything which serves as a medium of exchange, whether gold, banknotes, or checks, will serve to convey the capital to a borrower. In truth, if a bank has capital to lend, there is little real trouble


This study investigated how changes in land surface temperature (LST) during 2004 and 2014 were attributable to zoning-based land use type in Seoul in association with the building coverage ratio (BCR), floor area ratio (FAR), and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). We retrieved LSTs and NDVI data from satellite images, Landsat TM 5 for 2004 and Landsat 8 TIRS for 2014 and combined them with parcel-based land use information, which contained data on BCR, FAR, and zoning-based land use type. The descriptive analysis results showed a rise in LST for the low- and medium-density residential land, whereas significant LST decreases were found in high-density residential, semi-residential, and commercial areas over the time period. Statistical results further supported these findings, yielding statistically significant negative coefficient values for all interaction variables between higher-density land use types and a year-based dummy variable. The findings appear to be related to residential densification involving the provision of more high-rise apartment complexes and government efforts to secure more parks and green spaces through urban redevelopment and renewal projects.


When a disaster happens, the affected areas of the disaster often need numerous relief resources to reduce their loss. This paper explores the characteristics of vulnerability of the affected areas and then constructs a loss function, which is decided by such variables as dynamic vulnerability and unsatisfied resource demand. And then a multi-period model for relief resource allocation is formulated to minimize the total loss of the affected areas. Finally the model is applied to a case in Wenchuan Earthquake in China in 2008 with satisfactory results.


Summary. The in vitro synthesis of haemoglobin A and the unstable haemoglobin, haemoglobin Köln, has been studied using reticulocytes from a patient heterozygous for these two haemoglobins.


In the modern world, environmental conditions are extremely unstable, which in turn leads to constant and quite significant changes in consumer behavior trends. This article examines the Pyaterochka retail chain, for which it is extremely important today to correctly assess its competitive position in the market and develop such strategic actions that will allow it to remain attractive to the modern consumer.


The developed method is based on a two-zone model and allows calculating the pressure and temperature (fresh mixture and combustion products), cycle indicators, as well as the current concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO) in the combustion chamber as a function of the crank angle. It can be used to evaluate the influence of parameters such as the beginning and duration of combustion, the composition of the mixture, heat loss from the gas to the walls, compression ratio, etc. on indicator indicators and output. In this model, the cylinder charge during combustion is divided into two zones: the zone of unburned mixture and the zone of combustion products. It is assumed that the fuel-air (unburned) mixture before and during the combustion process is homogeneous. The zone of combustion products at each moment of the cycle has a uniform composition and temperature. The combustion process is calculated according to the specified fuel burn-out law, taking into account the dissociation of the combustion products. The equilibrium concentrations of individual combustion products necessary to account for dissociation (CO and H 2) and the formation of NO (O 2, H 2, O) are determined by approximating polynomials.


The article examines the relatively little-known relationship between two historians, philosophers, intellectuals and prominent representatives of the Silver age in the development of Russian spiritual culture: a medievalist Lev Karsavin and a historian and theologian Fr. Georges Florovsky. The material is based on unpublished correspondence between Georges Florovsky and his brother, Anthony Florovsky — a historian, Professor at Charles University in Prague, as well as on the basis of letters from the 1920s from Klaudia Florovskaia (sister of Georges and Anthony) to Georges Florovsky. The letters are kept in the archive of Anthony Vasilievich Florovsky, in the National Library of the Czech Republic in Prague (Slovanská knihovna). The correspondence shows the problems of Russian post-revolutionary emigration to Sofia (Bulgaria) and to Prague (Czechoslovakia). Three possible reasons for difficult, almost negative relationship between Georges Florovsky and Karsavin are analysed: rivalry in work as they both tried to obtain the position of patrology teacher at St. Sergius Theological Institute in Paris; their different opinions on the work of Vl. Solovev and his influence on the Russian thought, primarily on the development of the Russian religious renaissance; Karsavin's critical opinion on research abilities of Florovsky's sister — Klaudia Vasilievna, a historian, the first woman private docent of University in Novorossiysk, to whom Karsavin provided assistance with regard to issues of medieval Italy during her overseas internship in 1909. The article also characterizes some other contradictions in the work of two thinkers, and draws a conclusion about the subjective, personal nature of Florovsky's attitude to the work of Karsavin.


The polar regions are considered to be particularly sensitive to climate change. The complex interactions between the surface and the overlying atmosphere are important aspects of the local heat budget, and through the atmospheric and oceanic general circulations, to global scales. The temperature difference between the surface and the lowest layer of the air is an important parameter in the surface heat budget, but difficult to measure, especially in conditions of mixed sea-ice and open water. Both surface temperature and near-surface air temperature can be determined radiometrically from measurements of the infrared emission spectra of the surface and atmosphere. The use of a Fourier-transform infrared spectroradiometer, the M-AERI (Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer) on ships can provide such data.


The crystal structure of the title compound, disilver(I) tetrahydrododioxotellurate(VI), has been redetermined; it confirms the previous study [Fischer (1969). Monatsh. Chem. 100, 1809–1822] which was based on film data, but with higher precision, with all displacement factors refined anisotropically for non-H atoms and with the localization of the H atoms, which leads to a different hydrogen-bonding scheme from that originally proposed. The structure of Ag2[TeO2(OH)4] can be derived from a distorted hexagonal close packing of [TeO2(OH)4]2− octahedra (Te site symmetry 2) with the Ag+ cations located in the interstices. O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to stabilize the structure.


Affiliation, pair bonding and love are important for survival, health and happiness. On the basis of various studies on neural mechanisms, endocrinal and genetic factors involved in various kinds of love, the purpose of this article is to hypothesize comprehensive, integrated neuroendocrinal mechanisms involved in pair bonding, romantic love, maternal and paternal love. The postulation depicted as flow charts at the end of this article seems to be triggered by various factors involving multiple neuroendocrinal mechanisms. It is concluded that the physiological mechanisms involved and the brain areas activated in each of these differ and the representation of postulated comprehensive mechanism in this article is an attempt to add a new dimension to understand the science of a very basic human quality of love.


The concept of virtual instrument was introduced, and the realizing process of the signal generator are studied from hardware and software aspects in detail. In the hardware aspect, USB chip and CPLD, memory, D/A are discussed. Finally the firmware programming, driver programming, and application programming were described in detail.


Many problems of theoretical and practical interest can be formulated as Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs). Solving a general CSP is known to be NP-complete; however, distributed models may take advantage of dividing the problem into a set of simpler interconnected sub-problems which can be more easily solved. In this work, we present a distributed model for solving large-scale CSPs. Our technique carries out a partition over the constraint network by selection of tree structures; after partitioning, the sub-CSPs are arranged into a meta-tree CSP structure that is used as a hierarchy of communication by our distributed algorithm. We have focused our research on the railway scheduling problem which can be distributed by tree structures. We show that our distributed algorithm outperforms wellknown centralized algorithms. keywords: Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problems, Tree Partition, Train Scheduling.


Aimed to optimize the design of micro combustor whose chamber based on porous medium wall surface, combustion and flame stability characteristics on porous wall surface with methane/air flat flame were investigated experimentally in this paper. The experimental results show that stable flat flame can be formed on the porous medium surface within given ranges of fuel equivalence ratio and flow rate. When mixture flow rate increasing, the thickness of flame decreases firstly and then increases, and standoff distance of flames decreases quickly and then is unchanged. At higher mean velocity of mixture, the flame moves closer to the porous plate surface, and the minimum distance needing for keeping stable flames decreases. The heat exchange between the porous plate and the mixture can not only preheat mixture but also cool the porous plate.


Purpose

This research aims to explore how female immigrants use consumption to challenge and support their husband's position within the context of their patriarchal bargain.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample group (n = 20) consisted of ten first-generation Nigerian immigrant married couples living in Britain, who were interviewed together, with the married female then re-interviewed separately.

Findings

This paper demonstrates how women transition from being a wife in a consanguine family in Nigeria, which they describe as patriarchal, to becoming one within a nuclear family in the UK, a society to which they attribute gender equality. Nigerian immigrant women alter their ways of thinking and consuming, with implications to their agency and empowerment. In particular, consumption choices demonstrated the limits of these women's willingness to challenge their patriarchal bargain and instead often colluded with their husbands to maintain his position as the head of the family.

Practical implications

Immigrant women should not be seen as passive receptors of their male partner's wishes or demands, but instead active participators in purchasing and consumption decisions. Although marketing encourages direct targeting of customers, this approach raises a number of ethical issues for female African immigrants.

Originality/value

Previous research on the consumption behaviour of immigrants is limited in scope and tends to focus on male immigrants, with female immigrants either invisible or stereotyped. Compounding this problem are disciplinary, geographical and linguistic barriers that hinder social scientists' research into the consumption of female migration. This paper works to address these omissions.


This study has several findings. English language teachers' multiple identities and 'guided democracy' educate students to be autonomous and tolerant of different cultures. A global curriculum enables students to negotiate 'Eastern' and 'Western' cultures. Communicative pedagogies have contributed to both solutions and problems. An integrated pedagogy is essential.


This paper examines the influence of Bruno Latour on accounting research through his work as a founding father of so-called actor-network theory (hereafter referred to as
"ANT") which was originally developed in the mid to late 1970's as a means to understand the social construction of science. Essentially, ANT is an analytical framework used to study the roles of humans and non-humans in the structuring of society (Latour, 2005). It is through a series of complex interactions between humans and non-humans and the ways in which they interlock within networks of construction and
reconstruction which allow the production of accepted facts or knowledge (McNamara, Baxter & Chua, 2004, p. 57).


Electro-optical characteristics of inorganic colloid particles dispersed in organic solvent are discussed as well as its potential applications related to Suspended Particle Displays (SPDs).


After the adoption of green revolution, India has achieved an impressive growth rate in food production. Still security to food and deprivation the same stands out as the prime topic of discussion. Lack of food is the basic issue related to food security. Even after 71 years of independence, peo are struggling for their basic entitlement. To feed 1.2 million population of the country a nutritional diet, it is important that a good stock of food Therefore, this paper attempts to anal production and availability in the country. As a huge number of people the country is poor to serve their basic needs, therefore the study is done by focussing on Public Distribution System, which tries to ensure food for all and eradicate the problem of hunger and malnutrition in the country.


Increasingly complex FCC operations, such as predicting FCCU operation after switching from a conventional feed to a hydrotreated one, can benefit from simulation applications that improve the unit's real-time control system.


The progression of silent reading rates and reading comprehension were examined among Japanese university students (N = 55) over one academic semester. Participants were divided into three quasi-experimental groups. The first group practiced a combination of timed reading and repeated oral reading with attention paid to chunking and prosody. The second group practiced timed reading exclusively. The comparison group engaged in oral communication training. Reading rate data were examined using four scoring methods. The results indicated that the treatment groups made statistically significant rate gains, ranging from 13 to 27 standard words per minute. While comprehension percentages were slightly below 70% for both groups, rate gains were accompanied by comprehension increases during the treatment. Both treatment groups outperformed the comparison group in terms of rate and comprehension. While no statistically significant differences were found between the treatment groups, both types of practice were efficacious in promoting second language reading fluency.


An airborne range-gated CO2 lidar is being developed at JPL to measure vertical profiles of aerosol backscatter throughout the vertical extent of the troposphere and lower stratosphere, with emphasis on coverage of a wide range of latitudes, including the equatorial region and portions of the southern hemisphere. The acquisition and interpretation of aerosol backscatter data over large geographical regions, using a direct measurement technique as exemplified by the range-gated CO2 lidar approach, is key to the evaluation of coherent Doppler lidar techniques for the measurement of global wind fields from an Earth-orbiting platform. The lidar studies, when combined with studies of aerosol sampler data both from the aircraft platform and from various ground-based stations in the Pacific Ocean basin, will elucidate the effects of transport and various aerosol sinks on global-scale aerosol distributions in the troposphere. These studies comprise a major part of the NASA GLOBE (GLobal Backscatter Experiment) program, which is being coordinated by the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center.


High Intensity Therapeutic Ultrasound (HITU) is an emerging field that shows considerable promise for noninvasively performing medical procedures such as tumor and fibroid ablation, clot destruction, vessel cauterization. Owing to the potential of sensor damage by the intense acoustic field, traditional methods of pre-clinical testing ultrasound devices, such as hydrophone scanning, are problematic with HITU devices. New techniques for performing pre-clinical testing of HITU devices are desirable in order to expedite commercialization. This paper discusses two methods currently being developed for noninvasively determining the intensity fields produced by HITU transducers.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


One of the major strengths of the ENTER conference series – or presumably its unique selling proposition (USP) lies in the combination of the academic and the industry world. However, in order to really benefit from such mutual relationships, knowledge exchange processes between universities and their industry partners should be well understood so that they can be effectively managed and continuously improved. Thus, the goal of the ENTER panel workshop 2011 was to critically discuss knowledge exchange loops in the e-Tourism field, thereby trying to consider various industry standpoints (i.e. travel, tourism, ICT-branches) and concerns related to applied study fields (e.g. tourism, marketing, business informatics, etc.) or scientific disciplines (e.g. informatics, social sciences, engineering, economics, etc.). A total of six panelists largely representing these academic and industry sectors debated the core questions of "how well collaboration between research and industry works in the field of e-Tourism" and "what could be done to improve this cooperation". Below, a summary of the panelists" major assessments is provided.


The adventure in the fantasy world of Narnia is a poetic representation of the children's inner worlds as they negotiate their way through the dislocation and disharmony of their lived experience during World War Two. The house and its intimate spaces nurture their imagination and allow them to daydream in peace and the wardrobe represents the children's psycho-geographical journey, and offers an evocative parallel.


Imagine a resource allocation scenario in which the interested parties can, at a cost, individually research ways of using the resource to be allocated, potentially increasing the value they would achieve from obtaining it. Each agent has a private model of its research process and obtains a private realization of its improvement in value, if any. From a social perspective it is optimal to coordinate research in a way that strikes the right tradeoff between value and cost, ultimately allocating the resource to one party- thus this is a problem of multi-agent metadeliberation. We provide a reduction of computing the optimal deliberation-allocation policy to computing Gittins indices in multi-anned bandit worlds, and apply a modification of the dynamic-VCG mechanism to yield truthful participation in an ex post equilibrium. Our mechanism achieves equilibrium implementation ofthe optimal policy even when agents have the capacity to deliberate about other agents' valuations, and thus addresses the problem of strategic deliberation.


Objectiv:Search for new program about laboratory medicine specialty educational reform.Methods:Have practice education- al reform in trial group,graduated in 2000-2003 of laboratory medicine specialty was trial group,graduated in 2000-2001 was control group. Have examination of completed practical skill before graduation and follow-up study on some graduates.Results:The results of completed prac- tical skill examination in trial group was obviously superior to control group.Quality of graduate in trial group was obviously improved.Conclu- sion:The practice educational reform is beneficial in improving educational quality of laboratory medicine specialty.


This qualitative study investigated perceptions of 12 liberal contemporary leaders regarding the role of the moral leader as a positive change agent. The leaders were selected by graduate students at a private Catholic university in South Florida based on a moral leadership rating-scale survey. The leaders were asked about their perceptions of themselves as positive change agents and how they empower others. The results indicated that the interviewees all believe that they are positive change agents and that they empower others by getting them to participate, by encouraging, by being examples, by raising their consciousness, and by helping them to discover their own power and interests.


Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an economically important cause of morbidity and mortality in beef calves. Control of BRD is most often addressed through "homologous" vaccination utilizing the same injectable modified-live viral (MLV) vaccine for both priming and boosting. Heterologous prime-boosting uses different routes and antigenic forms for priming and boosting. Three vaccine protocols were compared: an injectable (IJ) MLV (IJ-MLV) group (IJ-MLV priming at ~48 days and boosted with IJ-MLV at weaning), intranasal (IN) MLV (IN-MLV) group (intranasal priming with MLV at ~24 hours, boosted twice with an IJ-MLV), and intranasal killed viral (IN-KV) group (primed with an IN-MLV at ~24 hours, boosted twice with an IJ-KV). Serum antibody concentrations determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were compared and the IN-KV group had significantly higher BRSV-specific antibody concentrations after boosting compared with the 2 homologous groups. No differences in BHV-specific antibody concentrations were observed between any of the groups.


M R. TAYLOR removed his olive-green greatcoat and sat down to wait for his pupil.' Being somewhat irregular himself in his arrivals for music lessons, he was not a little impatient at having to waste his time in waiting for a tenyear-old girl. It would be much more valuable to rehearse a glee with Augustus Peabody for the next Philharmonic concert in Boston. But then, Margaret Fuller was not an uninteresting child despite the fact that she played merely because her father wished her to do so. It was strange, Mr. Taylor thought, how Timothy Fuller's influence could be felt in Cambridgeport even though at the moment he was probably demanding the floor in the National Congress. That match in the lamp brackets, the wood covered with ashes on the parlor hearth, were undoubtedly evidence that Timothy remembered the cold of Cambridgeport even during his heated polemics against the slaveholding Crawford. Mr. Taylor turned to glance at the flat-topped bureau with its plum cake and oranges and wine-gifts surely from an ever thoughtful father. The smoking of the kitchen stove was just about to irritate the sensitive music instructor and remind him of his


Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an ocular disease resulting from chronic microangiopathy in the retina. Poor hyperglycemic control in diabetic patients leads to vascular damage in the retina, resulting in the appearance of microaneurysms, neovascularization, and hemorrhaging in the retina and extending into the vitreous humor. This ultimately culminates in the partial or complete loss of vision. It has been established that the pathophysiology of DR involves the metabolic effects of chronic hyperglycemia, which result in changes in vascular changes leading to retinal ischemia. However, recent studies have alluded to the possibility of perfusion impairment leading to ischemia. This speculation is founded on the discovery that red blood cells (RBCs) lose their deformability due to inflammatory and hyperglycemic factors, along with elevated cholesterol and oxidative damage. This ultimately leads to retinal hypoxia, which stimulates neovascularization. In this study, we measured RBC deformability at the single cell level, and established the RBC deformability distributions in each stage of diabetes. By applying a uniaxial load at a moderate strain rate, we queried the extensional property of RBCs in diabetic conditions using a microfluidic cross‐slot device. We discovered that RBCs from diabetic patients exhibited a bimodal distribution, possibly stemming from increased reticulocytosis. Histograms of each patient group (C, D, N, or P) were plotted to visualize the RBC deformability distributions (n = 1400). The data was fitted with the automatic Gaussian peak analysis function in Origin (OriginLab, MA, USA), and column distribution statistics analyses were performed for each case. The objectives were to (1) more accurately define the distribution profiles based on the assumption of normality and (2) identify potential parameters to quantify the bimodality and distinguish between the different cases. The results indicate an apparent two‐phase shift in the deformability of the RBCs. In the first phase, from the control to diabetes stage, there is an emergence of a secondary peak at reduced deformability (EI = 1.46 ± 0.62). It is interesting to note that the primary peak (EI = 2.93 ± 1.35) coincides with the peak in the control case (EI = 2.94 ± 1.29). From the diabetes stage to the non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy stage, the distribution reassumes a unimodal profile, but with a leftward shift (EI = 2.62 ± 1.78). Interestingly, from the nonproliferative to proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy, there is another emergence of a very rigid subpopulation of RBCs (EI = 1.46 ± 0.65), corresponding to the same subpopulation in the D cohort. This bimodal characteristic was present even at the individual patient level, although it was not consistent across all patients in each group. Hence this bimodal behavior may be attributed to both inter‐ and intracohort statistical variability. The skewness and kurtosis values obtained from unimodal Gaussian curve fits revealed no apparent trend across the cases, and hence do not serve as good parameters to quantify the bimodality or severity of the disease progression. In this pilot study, we discovered that RBCs from patients with DM and DR exhibited a bimodal distribution, possibly stemming from increased reticulocytosis. EI of RBCs from patients with DM and DR was significantly lower in comparison with normal healthy controls.


This paper presents an overview, including highlights and accomplishments, of the energy storage R&D effort at the Vehicle Technologies Program Office of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) recently (2007–2008). DOE has supported the development of advanced automotive energy storage technologies, including batteries and ultracapacitors, over the long term. The support has involved leveraging resources and expertise from automobile manufacturers, battery developers, small businesses, national laboratories, and universities to address the technical barriers which prevent the market


Concrete mixing plant used during the construction of World War II coastal defence works, Wright's Hill, Karori, Wellington. Photograph taken by E J Hughes on the 15th of April 1943.
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).


By applying the paradigm of service-oriented computing (SOC) to existing IT infrastructures, companies aim at increasing flexibility and reducing complexity prevalent in their enterprise IT. Yet, introducing SOA brings forward an SOC-specific IT complexity that - among other issues - has to be adressed by a company's IT Service Management (ITSM). To facilitate an ITSM-based assessment of an SOC-based enterprise IT architecture at design-time, this paper presents an approach for an agent-based SOA simulation system: SimSOA. By conducting simulation runs, a design-time assessment of an IT Service architecture with respect to aspects of Availability Management, Service Level Management and others is supported. This paper outlines the architecture of SimSOA and its current state of implementation - and presents an experiment within which the capabilities of SimSOA are analyzed against an ITSM-related scenario.


M uch has been written about the Russian Symbolists' debt to Nietzsche and to the Apollo-Dionysus opposition which he formulates in The Birth of Tragedy.I Russian translations of Nietzsche's writings began to appear in the 1890s, and around the turn of the century the Russian literary avant-garde began to respond to Nietzsche's Dionysian call, led by writers such as Viacheslav Ivanov and Dmitrii Merezhkovskii, whose obvious debt to Nietzsche can hardly be exaggerated.2 Eventually, Nietzsche's impact came to be felt in the realm of literary criticism when Mikhail Bakhtin helped to promulgate the concept of the "carnivalesque"-a notion which plainly mirrors Nietzsche's concept of the Dionysian principle.' Andrei Belyi, a contemporary of the young Bakhtin, wove Nietzsche's ApolloDionysus opposition into the thematic center of his greatest novel, Petersburg.4 Dionysus becomes a metaphor for the violent historical forces which push Russia toward the Bac-


Networks of compare-and-exchange (C&E) units can perform many useful functions including sorting, selecting, merging, packet switching, and the logical set operations. The throughput of these functions is critical to the performance of parallel operations for relational data bases and interconnection networks for telecommunications and parallel processors. Optics is well suited for the implementation of C&E since the simple units are hardwired, and they must be globally connected in multistage networks to perform the desired operations. Thus we present designs for C&E modules based on a variety of optical technology. The designs are evaluated in terms of their potential performance on the above applications.


Road traffic congestion is a frequent problem worldwide. In India, a fast emergent economy, the difficult is intensely sensed in nearly all major cities. This is predominantly because infrastructure development is slow compared to growth in number of vehicles, due to space and cost limits. Secondly, Indian traffic being non-lane established and messy is largely different from the western traffic. In recent times, the management of transport systems has become increasingly important in many real applications such as site-based services, provide chain management, traffic inhibit, and so on. These applications typically take in queries over spatial road systems with dynamically changing and difficult traffic conditions. Transport Specialists universally are facing related strategic defies around fading jamming, insufficient transport infrastructure, affordability restraints, increasing secretions and growing client needs. In this paper, we representative such a network by a probabilistic time-dependent graph (PTD-Graph), whose edges are associated with unexpected edge delay functions. We intend a useful query in the PTD-Graph, namely a Tripper Query (TQ), which recovers trip plans that traverse a set of query points in PTD-Graph, having the minimum traveling time with high confidence. To undertake the efficiency problem, we present the pruning methods time interval pruning for reducing the search space of the TQ problem. For the probabilistic pruning, we develop a cost model to show the pre-computation of probability upper limits such that the query cost is estimated to be low. For the structural pruning, we precisely design synopses for vertex/edge labels by considering their distributions and other structural information, in order to improve the pruning power. Furthermore, we design a pre-computation technique based on the cost model and construct an index structure over the pre-computed data to enable the pruning via the index. We integrate our optimal pruning methods into an efficient query answering to TQs. Through extensive experiments, we exhibit the efficiency and effectiveness of our TQ query answering approach.


The development of knowledge bases has gathered nowadays large volumes of information concerning multiple domains. Unfortunately, access to this information is complicated for those users unfamiliar with the SPARQL query language and the knowledge base definition. In this paper, we present preliminary results on a system for automatic translation of natural language questions into SPARQL queries. Our method uses Neural Machine Translation and Named Entity Recognition tasks that complement each other to obtain a final query ready to be executed. We demonstrate the potential of our approach by presenting its results on the Monument dataset, which is a recently released dataset for Question Answering on the well-known DBpedia knowledge base.


ITC PSPD (Bhadrachalam) is one of the biggest and renowned paperboard manufacturers in India. The unit has integrated pulp mill and 7 no's paper and board manufacturing machines powered by its own thermal power plant of installed capacity of 140 MW with a network of 6 turbines and a battery of 9 boilers, which include 3 no's Soda recovery boilers and 5 no's Atmospheric Fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) type and 1 no Circulating Fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) type coal-fired boilers. AFBC and CFBC boilers generate high-pressure steam with 62 ata, 102 ata and temperature 480 degrees C, 525 degrees C respectively. One of the AFBC Boiler of capacity 90 TPH consumes Low-pressure steam 0.150 Tons per Tons of High-pressure steam (Specific LP Steam) which is very high. This can leads to an increase in the cost of HP steam generation. Higher specific low-pressure steam consumption in boilers is a serious concern for the organization because of the low-pressure steam cost is nearly Rs 750/ton The reason for High LP steam consumption is Low Feed Water temperature which is coming to Deaerator. So we would like to increase the temperature of DM water by recovering heat from a process which is venting to atmosphere


Summary. Several investigators have shown a comparatively high prevalence of Candida albicans serotype B among HIV‐infected individuals. We serotyped oral C. albicans strains from 50 HIV‐infected homosexual men, 39 HIV‐seronegative homosexual men and 40 clinical oral isolates of a control group. The prevalence of serotype B was significantly higher in homosexual men, regardless of HIV serostatus, than in the control subjects. We suggest that the reported high prevalence of serotype B among AIDS patients in Europe and the USA simply reflects the high proportion of homosexual men among HIV‐infected patients. In 22 subjects, oral C. albicans isolates were obtained at two or more time points, up to 8 years apart. No change in serotype was observed over time. The serotype prevalences in HIV‐infected patients with oral thrush or AIDS‐defining illness were similar to the group of homosexual men as a whole, indicating that there is no serotype‐related variation in pathogenicity.


In the present investigation indigenous knowledge on wild edible plants (WEPs) consumed by rural people in different parts of Bidar district of Karnataka state was recorded. Fifteen field trips were undertaken to different villages of the district and a total of 70 people were interviewed and their observations were recorded. Surveys were also undertaken to vegetable markets of towns in the district during the years January 2014 to July 2015 (18 months). During the present survey it was found that 82 species of wild plants were consumed by the local people. The edible parts (whole plant, corm or tuber, leaves, stem, young shoots, flowers, fruits, fruit pulp and seeds) were also marketed in nearby towns by rural community and economically weaker section of the people who got their income by selling these wild edible plants.


ABSTRACT The flexure of contact lenses of various thicknesses and diameters and the associated residual astigmatism were measured on two spherical and two toric corneas. No significant results were found on the spherical corneas. On the toric corneas, no differences were found for lenses of various diameters, but differences were found for various lens thicknesses. While no significant flexure or change in residual astigmatism was found for lenses thicker than 0.12 mm, an average flexure of +0.52 DC × 180 ±0.20 DC and associated residual astigmatism of −0.35 DC × 180 ±0.15 DC were found for lenses thinner than 0.12 mm. The study indicates that contact lens thickness can be varied to modify residual astigmatism.


Forty-four patients established on CAPD were followed for up to four years. They were divided into two groups: Those under 65 years of age, and those older and the response to treatment evaluated. No difference was found in biochemistry, complications, frequency of peritonitis or mortality between the two groups. Also, the proportion changing to another mode of dialysis was similar for each. We have concluded that age should not be considered a barrier to successful treatment of ESRD by CAPD.


In a study of the types of problems encountered by students that led them to seek assistance, Robins et al. [2006] found that the most common problems were related to trivial mechanics. The students in this study worked by themselves on their programming exercises. This article discusses a replication of the Robins et al. study in which the subjects pair programmed. The types of problems encountered by the pairing students were similar to those of the solo students. The number of problems requiring assistance was much smaller for the pairing students, which suggests that they were able to resolve more problems on their own.


This report summarizes the carbon-type analysis from 1H and 13C{1H} nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) of Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines (FACE) diesel blends, FD-2B, FD 4B, and FD-7B, and makes comparison of the new blends with the original FACE diesel blends, FD 2A, FD 4A, and FD-7A, respectively. Generally, FD-2A and FD-2B are more similar than the A and B blends of FD-4 and FD-7. The aromatic carbon content is roughly equivalent, although the new FACE blends have decreased monoaromatic content and increased di- and tri-cycloaromatic content, as well as a higher overall aromatic content, than the original FACE blends. The aromatic components of the new FACE blends generally have a higher alkyl substitution with longer alkyl substituents. The naphthenic and paraffinic contents remained relatively consistent. Based on aliphatic methyl and methylene carbon ratios, cetane numbers for FD-2A and -2B, and FD-7A and -7B are predicted to be consistent, while the cetane number for FD-4B is predicted to be higher than FD-4A. Overall, the new FACE fuel blends are fairly consistent with the original FACE fuel blends, but there are observable differences. In addition to providing important comparative compositional information on reformulated FACE diesel blends, this report also providesmore » important information about the capabilities of the team at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in the use of NMR spectroscopy for the detailed characterization and comparison of fuels and fuel blends.« less


The cross section of main frame structure is preferable to be a cylinder for plants and animals in order to adapt to their environment. There are some exceptionals. One of those is a hemp palm branch. It has an up side-down isosceles triangular shape. Since the hemp palm branch has unusually large leaves and a relatively slender branch stem as compared with other trees, the branches must be subjected a large bending moment. A triangular cross section must be a solution for that problem, which can reduce the induced stress about 30% under a bending stress. Furthermore, the branch is a composite material reinforced by strong fibers. It also constructs a functionally graded structure on fiber distribution. This structure provides a higher strength in the critical loded region than the induced stress there.


By means of energy method and minimum potential energy principle of elasticity,the elasticity theory analysis of infinitesimal deformation was performed for the concrete filled steel tube(CFST).The hooping mechanism coefficient,theoretic formulas of the composite axis pressed elastic modulus were gained.Analytical results indicate that the hoping coefficient is not only influenced by the Poisson' ratio,ratio of diameter to wall thickness and the elastic modulus of the concrete,but also influenced by the Poisson' ratio,diameter of section and the elastic modulus of the outer steel shell.The calculated results by the theoretic formulas are approximately equal to the results gained by unified theory.The theory formulas can actually and reliably describe the elasticity behaviors of infinitesimal deformation and the hooping mechanism of CFST.


The paper reveals a number of potentialities whose realization will help to avoid the students typical mistakes which cannot be avoided while they mechanically transfer the properties of numerical fields on the fields of nonzero characteristics


The Scottish Building Standards Agency (SBSA) propose to review whether the building regulations should address the issue of noise transmission to dwellings from domestic services installations. RMP Acoustics have been commissioned to provide information to aid SBSA with this deliberation.
The input, transmission and radiation of services noise in a building is complex. Services noise nuisance commonly occurs because the relevant expertise has not been commissioned to predict and mitigate this noise at the design phase. Even if the sound insulation of the separating wall and floor constructions are in line with Section 5 of the Technical Handbooks for the Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004, this is not necessarily sufficient to attenuate services noise to an acceptable level inside neighbouring dwellings. One reason for this is that there is a wide range of services noise emission levels, i.e. quieter services may be attenuated sufficiently by Section 5 constructions but noisier services would not be. Another reason is that services noise is often manifested as a result of vibrational energy input to the building structure which has been transmitted as structure-borne noise. The most effective way to avoid services noise problems starts with judicious location and then by specifying practicable noise and/or vibration limits for each piece of services equipment. Any residual noise can be reduced by enclosing the equipment, specifying an appropriate mounting and/or enhancing the sound insulation of the separating constructions.
The building services installations that have the potential to cause noise nuisance include common plant affecting dwellings (e.g. lifts), private plant affecting attached and detached neighbouring dwellings & private plant affecting rooms in the same dwelling.


A chiral soliton lattice (CSL) is a topological spin-texture that has potential applications in next-generation spintronic devices. In this work, we performed angle-dependence of magnetization and electron spin resonance (ESR) investigations on the CSL host Yb(Ni1− xCu x)3Al9 with x = 0.06 (YNCA). The angle-dependent magnetization reveals a peculiar variable magnetic anisotropy. The maximum magnetization axis is parallel to the ab-plane below the field of ∼35.7 kOe while shifts to the c-axis at higher fields. The microwave responses of the CSL helicoid and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of the forced ferromagnetic state (FFM) are observed and appear as two resonance lines on ESR spectra with the highest intensities in the ab-plane. When the external field is rotated from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], the resonance field [Formula: see text] corresponding to the CSL helicoid decreases while [Formula: see text] correlated with the FMR increases. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent ESR shows that the CSL persists until 15 K much higher than TC (6.4 K), which suggests a precursor phenomenon. The microwave response in YNCA provides a powerful tool for modulating and researching the CSL.


Teaching literature at the tertiary level essentially involves facing the reality of students' capabilities in terms of reading texts and consequently responding to their readings in writing. Encountering, more often than not, responses that regurgitate lecture notes at times coupled with well informed but barely discussed citations of blocks of paragraphs by critics, many often choosing to let the latter speak for themselves, one begins to comprehend that a majority of these students appear to be insufficiently equipped with the skills of recording and discussing their responses to the reading materials assigned to them. Yet one also significantly learns of the possibilities and impossibilities of the various reading and writing skills of learners in the tertiary classroom and these may be invariably linked to the reading and writing skills fostered in Malaysian schools. This paper will engage in a discussion of the reality of reading in the tertiary classroom by presenting a range of samples of writings by students and examining the reading skills they reflect. It will also discuss possible ways to guide readings with the aim of prodding and provoking independent responses to the texts assigned.


Previous work covers building a tower from a stack of homogeneous rectangular plates, each with a maximum shift in displacement. We suggest using plates shaped as curvilinear triangles bounded by segments of power-law functions. The masses of the plates and the position of their center of mass are calculated and measured experimentally after cutting them out from cardboard and aluminum sheets. A computer simulation of the displacement towers is combined with their live building. Individual maximum shifts of the plates in the stack prove to be much bigger the higher the power coefficient of the boundary curves. The resulting total overhang of such a displacement tower may exceed that of a stack of traditionally used homogeneous rectangular cards.


Today, 16% of all traumatic injuries occur in the area of the facial skeleton. The social-economic component of this problem is also important, because in most cases such injuries are received by representatives of the able-bodied population [4].
The area of interest requires special attention due to the proximity of vital anatomical structures, as well as its aesthetic significance, which will determine the quality of social rehabilitation of patients with craniofacial injuries, especially the midfacial region.
The complexity of the facial skeleton structures, massive vascularization and innervation of the craniofacial region in many cases are the causes of difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment processes in patients with facial injuries, which negatively affects the quality of medical care and further rehabilitation, social adaptation [1-25].
Introduction of digital technologies such as computer modeling and 3D-printing into the processes of diagnosis and treatment in patients with craniofacial fractures allows minimizing the number of possible mistakes even at the stage of primary diagnosis, planning the upcoming surgical intervention and modeling a high-precision individualized augment for replacing bony defects [8]. Digitalization of diagnostic and treatment procedures will, in turn, bring the accuracy of the reconstruction to a fundamentally new level, reduce the duration of treatment and rehabilitation, including social rehabilitation [4].
The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the traditional algorithm for diagnosing and treating maxillary fractures in region of orbital floor using a standard titanium mesh, as well as its improved version, improved by the use of 3D modeling and printing technologies.


Objective:To evaluate reliability of the NRBC hinting function(Q-flag)of Sysmex XE-2100 automatic hematology analyzer and investigate its clinical application and influencing factors.Method:100 samples with abnormal NRBC(Q-flag value100)hinted by the hematology analyzer and 100 samples without NRBC hints were detected with microscopy,and result of manual microscopic examination was used as a golden standard to judge the sensitivity and specificity of the hematology analyzer.Result:The sensitivity and specificity of hematology analyzer Q-flag was 95.9% and 81%,respectively.Conclusion:The Q-flag value had a certain application significance in NRBC detection.


There is a growing interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) as agents to tackle real-world tasks that may require assessing complex situations. Yet, we have a limited understanding of LLMs' reasoning and decision-making capabilities, partly stemming from a lack of dedicated evaluation benchmarks. As negotiating and compromising are key aspects of our everyday communication and collaboration, we propose using scorable negotiation games as a new evaluation framework for LLMs. We create a testbed of diverse text-based, multi-agent, multi-issue, semantically rich negotiation games, with easily tunable difficulty. To solve the challenge, agents need to have strong arithmetic, inference, exploration, and planning capabilities, while seamlessly integrating them. Via a systematic zero-shot Chain-of-Thought prompting (CoT), we show that agents can negotiate and consistently reach successful deals. We quantify the performance with multiple metrics and observe a large gap between GPT-4 and earlier models. Importantly, we test the generalization to new games and setups. Finally, we show that these games can help evaluate other critical aspects, such as the interaction dynamics between agents in the presence of greedy and adversarial players.


Background It has been demonstrated recently that immunoglobulin (Ig)E specific for cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) is present in the serum of allergen‐sensitized dogs and cats, and that these CCD‐specific antibodies might confound serological testing. Hypothesis/Objective The objective was to document the prevalence of CCD detectable in a monoclonal cocktail‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay designed for the detection of allergen‐specific IgE in the sera of dogs and cats, and to define a means for successful inhibition of these CCD. Methods and materials The incidence of reactivity to bromelain and a commercially available inhibitor of carbohydrate‐specific antibodies (RIDA‐CCD) was evaluated in 100 dog sera samples before and after inhibition with RIDA‐CCD and a proprietary inhibitor containing carbohydrates derived from bromelain (BROM‐CCD). Subsequently, sera from 600 dogs and 600 cats were evaluated using a serum diluent with and without BROM‐CCD. Results Both the RIDA‐CCD and BROM‐CCD inhibitors demonstrated successful reduction of CCD reactivity, although a more efficient profile of inhibition was evident with BROM‐CCD. Mite reactivity in dog and cat sera was largely unaffected; however, substantial inhibition for pollen allergens (trees, grasses and weeds) was shown. After BROM‐CCD inhibition, 1% of canine samples and 13% of feline samples were rendered completely negative for allergen reactivity. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The results demonstrate that BROM‐CCD is effective in reducing reactions with irrelevant carbohydrates, and that inhibition of CCD reactivity might substantially alter the outcome of the in vitro reactivity profile used for selection of allergens to be included in an immunotherapeutic regime.


The relative probabilities of the decays phi..--> mu../sup +/..mu../sup -/ and phi..--> pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/ have been measured on the basis of the interference pattern in the energy dependence of the cross sections for the reactions e/sup +/e/sup -/..--> mu../sup +/..mu../sup -/ and e/sup +/e/sup -/..--> pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/ in the region of the phi meson. The probability B(phi..--> mu mu..) is in agreement with the known value B(phi..-->..ee). We have measured for the first time the probability B(phi..--> pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/) = (1.9/sup +1.0//sub -0.8/)x10/sup -4/. The interference effect observed in the ee..--> pi pi.. channel (the amplitude of the interference is Q/sub ..pi../ = 0.121 +- 0.028) is nonzero by more than four standard deviations. The phase of the interference is psi/sub ..pi../ = -40 +- 13 deg.


Background: The unprecedented global pandemic of Covid-19 caused major shifts in medical care throughout theworld Because chemotherapy delays have been shown to lead to worse outcomes, one of the foremost challengesfor health care systems during this crisis was maintaining uninterrupted care for patients with cancer Methods: The Division of Hematology-Oncology at UCLA Health has 56 medical oncologists working at 17community practices Using scheduling data stored within our electronic medical record, we defined three distinctperiods related to the intensity of precautions related to the COVID-19 pandemic in LA county;2/3/20-3/15/20 wasbefore stay-at-home orders were announced (baseline), 3/16/20-5/8/20 was during a period of the strict stay-at-home order, and 5/9/20-6/5/20 was during a period of reopening in the new COVID era Results: In the baseline period, UCLA Health had an average of 4,555 total patient encounters per week, 0% ofwhich were telemedicine encounters (TE) During the strict stay-at-home period, visits dropped to 3,728 per week(an 18% absolute decrease) and an average of 472 (13%) were TE each week Since reopening was initiated, visitshave increased to an average of 4,433 patient encounters per week (97% of baseline), with 516 (14%) TE per week In the baseline period, UCLA Health had an average of 115 infusion cancellations per day with 51% being patientinitiated, 35% physician initiated, and 14% for other reasons (i e , patient hospitalizations, treatment plan changes, or deaths) During the period of strict stay-at-home orders, cancellations increased from 115 to 133 per day (16%increase), with 47% being patient initiated, 41% being physician initiated, and 12% for other reasons Sincereopening began, UCLA Health has had an average of 98 infusion cancellations per day with 47% being patientinitiated, 37% being physician initiated, and 16% for other reasons Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic led to a significant decrease in patient encounter volume and an uptick inchemotherapy infusion cancellations Future study will be needed to examine the effect of this on patient outcomes Compared to national statistics of changes in patient encounter volume, oncology fared better than most otherspecialties, particularly procedural specialties Upon reopening, there appears to be a rapid return to baselinepatient encounter volumes and fewer chemotherapy cancellations per day The pandemic appears to have spurredan increase in the use of telemedicine in medical oncology, previously not utilized by medical oncologists at UCLAHealth, as an important adaptation to maintain continuity of care This trend has continued even after reopening Alternative visit models, such as telemedicine, hold promise for ensuring patient-centered continuity care in thiscritical patient population


In this paper, the pulse-induced acoustic sound in laser cutting is collected, and the data processing is performed with wavelet denoising and time-frequncy analyzing. The impact of laser processing parameters on the acoustic signal is discussed; and further analysis of the effect of cutting speed is conducted. The corresponding relationship between the best velocity and the maximum time-frequency energy density is got; also the plan of adaptive control in laser cutting is designed. The results in this paper can provide important parameters for adaptive control of laser cutting.


The invention relates mercaptoacylamino acids and their use to relieve pressure caused by angiotensin. Using compositions containing as active ingredient a compound of formula


The changing road transport demands on pavements in Australia in recent years have demanded the development of strategies for provision of these pavements which are no longer empirically based on past performance. The new strategies must rely on a more fundamental understanding of loading characteristics, material properties and structural pavement analysis. In response to this demand, NAASRA, in 1987, released 'Pavement Design - A Guide to the Structural Design of Road Pavements' - a considerable advance in pavement design in Australia. The Queensland Department of Transport (previously Main Roads Department), has since taken the principles of the NAASRA Guide, combined them with further research findings and applied them to Queensland conditions to produce the Main Roads 'Pavement Design Manual' for flexible and semi-rigid pavements. This paper describes the development of this manual and its contents, with particular emphasis on the following areas. (1) The extensive consultative process which was used to incorporate practical field experience and knowledge from designers, constructors and users. (2) The findings of various research programs - internal, Australia wide and overseas, were applied and incorporated. (3) The principle that more economical and technically superior solutions will be possible if the designer has a greater choice of options and an awareness of the implications of adopting particular strategies, was adopted. (4) Maximum performance is sought from available materials and funds through the provision of different design standards and materials standards. This then allows matching of these standards with performance needs in differing situations (A). For the covering entry of the Conference, see IRRD number 823094. (Author/TRRL)


In games with costly signaling, some equilibria are vulnerable to deviations which could be \unambiguously" interpreted as coming from a unique set of Sender-types. This occurs when these types are precisely the ones who gain from deviating for any beliefs the Receiver could form over that set. We show that this idea characterizes a unique equilibrium outcome in two classes of games. First, in monotonic signaling games, only the Riley outcome is immune to this sort of deviation. Our result therefore provides a plausible story behind the selection made by Cho and Kreps' (1987) D1 criterion on this class of games. Second, we examine a version of Crawford and Sobel's (1982) model with costly signaling, where standard reflnements have no effect. We show that only a Riley-like separating equilibrium is immune to these deviations.


Excerpt] ...The South Bridge Project is a mixed-use concept located in the North Michigan Avenue portion of Chicago's business district and is to contain retail on the first few floors, class A office, and a 300 room hotel. The existing area of South Bridge is a redevelopment zone, which currently consists of retail/entertainment, office, parking, and luxury hotels. Currently, the proposed project emulates the existing product mix in the South Bridge Area and our task is to analyze the market and propose a product mix. That is financially viable and that highest and best use of the site.


Cross-project defect prediction (CPDP) is a practical approach for finding software defects in projects which have incomplete or fewer data. Improvements to the defect prediction accuracy of CPDP—such as the PROMISE repository, the correct classification of the source data, removing the noise, reducing the distribution gap, and balancing the output classes—are an ongoing challenge, as is the selection of an optimal feature set. This research paper aims to achieve a higher defect prediction accuracy for multi-class CPDP by selecting an optimal feature set through XGBoost combined with an automatic feature extraction using a convolutional neural network (CNN). This research type is explanatory, and this research method is controlled experimentation, for which the independent variable prediction accuracy was dependent upon two variables, XGBoost and CNN. The Softmax layer was added to the output layers of the CNN classifier to classify the output into multiple classes. In our experimentation with CPDP, we selected all 28 versions of the multi-class, in which 11 versions were selected as the source projects, against which we predicted 28 target versions with an average AUC of 75.57%. We validated this research paper's results through the Wilcoxon test. Therefore, after removing the noise, class imbalances, and the data distribution gap, and treating the PROMISE dataset as multi-class, the optimal features selected through XGBoost and classified through the CNN can substantially increase the prediction accuracy in CPDP as evident from our exploratory data analysis (EDA).


The Nypa palm worm Namalycastis rhodochorde can be cultivated because it has high economic value; however, knowledge of its reproductive biology is still poorly understood, especially regarding reproductive hormones for engineering and accelerated maturation. This research aimed to obtain profile data of the three reproductive hormones i.e: estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone of Nypa palm worms. Samples were taken from body coelom fluid containing gametes from three stages of development; immature, submature, and mature. Analysis of progesterone and testosterone used the Radio Immunoassay method while estradiol used the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay method. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in hormone concentrations based on developmental stages. The concentration of the Estradiol hormone increases with maturation, while the concentrations of progesterone and testosterone do not differ at all stages of development.


FELiChEM is a new experimental facility under construction at the University of Science and Technology of China. There are more than one hundred important devices to construct it, which core device is two free electron laser oscillators generating middle-infrared and farinfrared laser and covering the spectral range of 25200μm. The optical cavity is an important component of oscillator which very sensitive to misalignment errors of the mirror, due to its near-concentric and symmetric structure. High precision alignment and installation is necessary to ensure the smooth implementation of the FELiChEM project. Laser tracker and Level are used to install this devices according to the alignment control network. An efficient and high-precision alignment method based on autocollimator and photoelectric auto-collimator is used to align optical cavity of oscillator. This methods is proven to be effective and meet the tolerances by multiple means.


Policy making is a vast and mysterious field of human behavior. It is only natural, therefore, that opinion researchers should have some difficulty in understanding how the results of their studies are used, if at all, and why they are not used in certain situations for which they would seem to be appropriate. Some researchers have an opportunity through contact with their clients to see how their reports affect decisions, but such experience is very limited and is seldom shared with their professional colleagues. Here is a forthright discussion of four principles concerning the use of survey results and some impressive illustrations. Launor F. Carter is Vice President of the Systems Development Corporation and has just completed a tour of duty as Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force. He presented this paper at the Annual Conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research at Lake George on May 17, 1963.


Objective
To explore the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and postnatal clinical outcomes of fetuses with hepatohilar cystic occupying lesions.

Methods
This was a retrospective study that included all fetuses found to have hepatohilar cystic occupying lesions diagnosed by ultrasound in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2008 and December 2017. According to the morphology of the cyst and max diameter, the cases were divided into four groups. Cases with polygonal cysts and max diameter over 30 mm were assigned to group 1, non-polygonal cysts and max diameter over 30 mm to group 2, polygonal cysts and max diameter under 30 mm to group 3, non-polygonal cysts and max diameter under 30 mm to group 4. The birth status, ultrasound review image, surgical treatment and pathological findings were tracked to analyze the prognosis of these fetuses.

Results
Among 47 cases of fetal hepatohilar cystic occupying lesions, 38 fetuses were born and 9 were terminated with only 1 case taking pathological examination. There were 39 cases with pregnancy outcomes. Twenty-seven cases (69.2%, 27/39) were diagnosed as congenital biliary dilatation (CBD), 5 cases (12.8%, 5/39) were found cysts resolved in postnatal ultrasound examinations. Biliary atresia was diagnosed in 3 cases (7.8%, 3/39) by operation; Mesenteric cysts (5.1%, 2/39) were diagnosed in 2 cases by ultrasound. One (2.6%, 1/39) was diagnosed as double-gallbladder by ultrasound. 1(2.6%, 1/39) was diagnosed as teratoma by operation. Most cases were in the group 3, but there was no significant difference compared with other groups (all P>0.05).

Conclusions
More than half of hepatohilar cystic occupying lesions diagnosed in prenatal ultrasound are proved to be CBD with good prognosis. The cysts in few cases can be resolved after born. 7.8% of cases are biliary atresia with poor prognosis, which give messages to prenatal clinical consultation.

Key words:
Ultrasonography; Fetus; Hepatohilar cystic occupying lesions; Congenital biliary dilatation; Biliary atresia; Prognosis


This document describes the preliminary results of a study to recommend changes to the construction phase of the Military Construction, Army (MCA) process. Implementation of these changes would ensure that facility contract documents, the facility construction process, and the resulting facility embody the facility design's energy-conservation objectives. The research identified problems with producing energy-efficient facilities within the Corp's current construction process. The operation of the Corps Quality Control/Quality Assurance program was evaluated and improvements suggested. Problems with the energy effectiveness of Corps of Engineers Guide Specifications (CEGS) were also identified, with improvements suggested for the Air Supply and Distribution Guide Specification (CEGS-15805). Suggested revisions to Section 19, Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing, of CEGS-15805 were also compiled.


The aim of the present study to shows the occurrences of two bands of felsic tuff having dacitic to rhyodacitic in composition which is hosted the rare earth element, uranium, and thorium mineralization belonging to the Western Iron Ore Group, Singhbhum Craton, Eastern India. The petrographic study suggests that it is predominantly comprised of quartz, plagioclase, microcline, muscovite, biotite, chlorite, epidote, zircon, monazite, allanite, apatite, pyrite, and opaques which are mainly embedded in the devitrified groundmass. Petrochemically, it is characterised by high SiO2, Al2O3, and low Na2O, K2O, and TiO2 contents. The analysed samples show higher values of La and Ce which vary from 30 ppm to 319.79 ppm (average of 186.65 ppm) and 68.04 ppm to 428.87 ppm (average of 295.07 ppm) respectively. These average values are approximately five times higher than the crustal abundance of La and Ce. Pr is ranging from 8.74 ppm to 44.97 ppm and Nd values vary from 44.05 ppm to 167.87 ppm which is higher than the crustal abundance. Values of Sm (5.83 28.52 ppm), Gd (5.32 31.11 ppm), Dy (4.25 28.53 ppm), and Yb (1.63 15.97 ppm) are also noteworthy. The ∑REE varies from 174.03 ppm to 1056.99 ppm (average of 681.3 ppm) which is approximately five times higher than the crustal abundance. Besides, uranium (U) values vary from 5 ppm to 35 ppm with an average of 16.08 ppm which is approximately nine times more than the crustal abundance values of U (1.8 ppm). The value of thorium (Th) is varying from 7 ppm to 69 ppm (average of 38.58) which is more or less five times higher than the crustal abundance of Th (7.2 ppm).


• A compartmental syndrome is a condition in which increased pressure in a confined space compromises the circulation and function of the contents of that space. • Compartmental syndromes most often arise when swelling of muscle occurs in a part of the arm or leg that is confined by a tough tissue known as fascia. • Compartmental syndromes are common causes of permanent disability following injuries such as fractures of the leg, fractures of the forearm and arm, dislocation of the elbow or knee, and prolonged pressure on the arm or thigh. • Compartmental syndromes may also arise from excessive exercise, such as prolonged running or marching. • The most practical and sensitive method for evaluating an arm or leg for possible compartmental syndrome is repeated clinical examination looking for (1) pain out of proportion to what would be expected from the clinical situation, (2) weakness of the muscles in the compartment, (3) diminished sensation in the distribution of the nerves running through the compartment, (4) pain on passive stretch of the muscles in the compartment, and (5) tenseness on palpation of the compartment • If untreated, compartmental syndromes can lead to permanent deformity and loss of function, including both strength and sensation in the hand or foot. • Because tissue has a very limited tolerance for increased pressure, the diagnosis of compartmental syndrome needs to be made promptly and surgical decompression needs to be carried out within hours of its onset. • Once a compartmental syndrome is present, elevation of the limb above the heart further compromises the circulation to the compressed tissues. • When a large amount of muscle dies as a result of a compartmental syndrome (rhabdomyolysis), there is a risk of kidney failure. • In conditions where the risk of compartmental syndrome is high, preventative treatment, known as prophylactic fasciotomy is considered.


Neither hemodialysis nor renal transplantation is any bed of roses for the patient. However, transplantation enables more patients with kidney disease to return to full employment and normal lives. Moreover, after a critical postoperative period of 18 to 24 months, a successful transplant group is less expensive than a dialysis group—a salient fact given the estimated $1.5 billion bill that the federal government will pick up this year for dialysis and transplantation. But some patients on waiting lists never get suitable donor kidneys. Although hard data concerning the "kidney deficit" are impossible to come by, Steven Teutsch, MD, MPH, chief, Kidney Donor Activity, Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, believes that a 60% increase in available kidneys in the United States—from the 3,000 per year that are currently transplanted—would probably take care of all the presumed potential recipients. In addition, Teutsch toldJAMAMEDICAL NEWS, the results of renal transplantation


In this paper I propose a method for comparing kinematics of different phase-shift migration algorithms based on the double-square-root (DSR) equation. Kinematics of wave propagation is described by the Hamiltonian (characteristic equation) associated with the wave equation. Singularities (waves) are propagating along rays - solutions to a system of Hamilton equations derived from this Hamiltonian. Similarly, kinematics of the DSR migration is described by the DSR Hamiltonian and corresponding DSR rays. The proposed method of studying kinematics of various phase-shift migration algorithms is computationally efficient as it is based on ray tracing. Possible applications include comparison of different generalizations of the phase-shift method as well as checking their usefulness for constructing common-image gathers for migration velocity analysis.


In its development of middleware, Fujitsu has faced three problems: increasing server operation costs, server over/under-utilization, and increasing labor hours for development environment construction. To solve these problems, Fujitsu has been working since 2008 on moving its software development environment to a cloud platform at its Numazu Software Development Cloud Center. In addition to solving the above problems, this transition to a cloud environment is expected to reduce costs by 700 million yen annually from 2011. Converting to cloud computing within Fujitsu itself is also seen as a way to refine the cloud products and services that Fujitsu offers to its customers. This paper describes the background to converting to cloud-based software development, Fujitsu's approach to this conversion, the effects of cloud deployment, and the expansion of services as a result of using a cloud platform. It also introduces the Numazu Cloud Center tour, which conveys cloud computing know-how through face-to-face conversations with customers.


To prepare road or motorway infrastructure plans, project engineers must have accurate and reliable maps and plans. Thanks to a close cooperation between the SETRA Inter-Urban Link Division, the corresponding divisions in the CETE and regional topographic controllers, various studies were undertaken, and their results led to the development of operational techniques. This article describes the new possibilities at the disposal of project engineers and illustrates the rewarding results from the cooperation of different services with a view to clearly setting and solving problems. (TRRL)


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer an appreciation of the role of national oil companies (NOCs) which control roughly 90 percent of the global hydrocarbon reserves, and whose operating and investment decisions affect prices, demand adjustments as well as their countries' policy options. Given that the role of NOCs is poorly understood largely due to prevailing economic and political cliches that substitute for analysis, this paper takes an institutional economics perspective to analyse the issue of NOC governance and related issues.Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts an integrative approach. First, it introduces the language of institutional economics to broadly structure a review of NOC governance. It then links the theoretical discussion to an assessment of the macro‐economic imperatives to which the NOC and its governance may need to respond. Finally, an audit trail is used for assessing cases in their particular institutional, cultural and physical conditions. Any simple compar...


Adoption of pesticides reducing agricultural practices. The role of collective learning Based on an original multi-partnership experience of agri-environmental measure (MAET-DCE) carried by a cooperative, this study aims to analyse the role of collective learning on the reduction of risks associated with the adoption of alternative agricultural practices. The process of transmission of technical information and the associated forms of coordination have been analysed using a conceptual framework inspired by works done in institutional economics on uncertainty and extension service in agriculture. The analysis shows that the cooperative is at the center of the joint production of different categories of goods, based on different types of informational transactions


Though much research has been devoted to the elaboration of silver stains for nervous tissue, there have been few experimental investigations of the mechanism of the staining process. Liesegang (1911) claimed that during the impregnation in the silver bath, ultramicroscopic particles of metallic silver were deposited in the sections as silver 'nuclei', and it was on these 'nuclei' that further silver deposition occurred during development. Thus the final staining of the tissue was determined by the initial distribution of the silver 'nuclei'. This theory was generally accepted until Owens & Bensley (1929) and Nageotte & Guyon (1930) suggested that the staining was more dependent on the physical properties of the tissue. Zon (1936) concluded that the differences in stainability of the tissue elements were due solely to the differences in the protective properties of their colloids, which permitted varying degrees of precipitation of silver within them. Silver (1942) thought that during the development phase of silver staining negatively charged silver micelles were formed and these were precipitated by the positive charges carried by the tissues. The pH of the silver solution was important only in so far as it affected the charge on the micelle, rendering it more or less liable to flocculation, but the pH of the developing solution was of extreme importance in so far as it affected the charge on the tissues and hence the distribution of the silver. As none of the previous opinions seemed to be based on incontestable evidence, it was considered that a further investigation into the mechanism of silver staining might throw further light on the problem.


ABSTRACU Numerical results of time integration of divergent barotropic primitive equations by a quasi-Lagrangian ad-vective scheme, without smoothing, show that the proposed model has the desired property of conserving total energy and potential vorticity following a particle. A scheme t o forecast boundary conditions in a manner similar t o that in the interior is incorporated which significantly improves the results. The tests are made utilizing a large amplitude sinusoidal perturbation on a basic current as the initial state. Tests are carried out by performing the integration for 8 days. It is now being recognized from recent studies that the time integration of nonlinear primitive equations must be carried out with proper care for integral constraints of the problem. Grammeltvedt (1969) has discussed computational stability of various finite-difference analogs of so-called divergent barotropic primitive equations. He concluded that the introduction of artificial viscosity in finite-difference equations suppresses the nonlinear instability. For instance, Shuman and Vanderman (1966) were able to integrate this model by introducing a nine-point differencing scheme for nonlinear terms. Our main purpose here, however, is to develop a short-range forecast model for nonlinear primitive equations without introducing any explicit artificial viscosity in the finite-difference equations. Leith (1965) discussed stability of one-and two-dimensional Lagrangian advective schemes for long-period time integration of a six-level primitive equation model. elkland's (1965) two-level model predicted baroclinic development with some success, but it showed irregularities in the absence of a smoothing procedure. Krish-namurti (1962) presented a time integration, carried over a period of 2 days, of the divergent barotropic primitive equations by a quasi-Lagrangian advective scheme that was computationally stable; a five-level model was used by Krishnamurti (1969) to predict the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere in the region of the intertropical convergence zone by t.his scheme. I n this paper, an improved form of quasi-la-grangian advective scheme is presented which conserves total energy and potential vorticity following a particle, without any smoothing, for a period of over a week. Our scheme differs from earlier formulations (Krish-namurti 1962) mainly in the manner of treatment of the velocity fields on the northern and southern boundaries and in the use of a high-order interpolation polynomial for quasi-Lagrangian advection. A scheme to forecast the velocity field on the northern (southern) boundary in a manner similar to that in the interior, which does not involve any assumption of values outside the boundary likc that of symmetry, is discussed …


ABSTRACT This study explores students' self-reported perceptions of multiple pedagogical methods for teaching business ethics. Five different pedagogical activities were implemented, and 79 students were surveyed at the end of the course and were asked which activities were perceived as helpful for learning and for stimulating thinking about ethics. The results showed that the guest speaker, group discussion, and case study were rated as most helpful, while the video and role-playing activities were rated as the least helpful. The results help business and marketing educators wanting to engage students and help develop an ethical decision-making framework.


In this paper was presented implementation and assumptions of embedded controller based on 32-bit ARM7 microcontrollers for Hexa parallel robot. Furthermore, there was presented implementation of angular position digital controller. The most difficult problem was to find the solution of inverse kinematics with respect to the limited processors capacity. Therefore, to achieve better performance similar to commercial solutions the process of control has been divided into four tasks computed on separate processors.


AbstractSeptem exhibits several types of antithesis. The artistic function of the antithetical modes seems to be to maintain the tension between contraries, such as Thebans/Argives, interior/exterior, public/personal, words/symbols, and one/many. The dramatic function is to project conflict, particularly, to allow the verbal duels created by Eteocles and his scout to represent for the audience the duels that take place at the gates. Although antithesis is a common feature of archaic style, Aeschylean antithesis shows arresting similarities with Empedoclean usage where contraries are unified in the process of creating and preserving the cosmos/Thebes. Like neikos and philia, Eteocles and Polynices, hostile by nature, are in the end shown to be one.


This paper investigates the optimal precoding design for uniform linear antenna arrays (ULAs) with the spherical-wave model (SWM). We first model the channel in the MIMO systems with ULAs at both the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). The-closed-form expressions for the transmit directions and power allocation with the SWM are then derived, respectively. By investigating the inherent properties across the array parameters, including the transceiver distance, the wavelength, array element spacings, Ricean K-factor and the number of Rx antennas,we propose the optimal precoding design. In addition, for the LoS MIMO channels, the entry of correlation matrix can be presented by the sine function. Meanwhile, we derive a maximum capacity criterion by designing the array parameters. Both the analytical and simulation results show that the proposed precoding outperforms the equal power transmission scheme.


The colossal progress made by science in recent times has given a number of new and highly important disciplines. Further specialization may lead to the disintegration of science. The place of scientists who in the past encompassed universal knowledge is today taken by higly specialized experts in very narrow fields. On the other hand, the close interrelation between all fields of life, nature and man obviously calls for a close interrelation of all sciences. Moreover there have emerged new branches of science which link problems of natural and social life. Integration of the separate disciplines of science and the intimate relation of research into all phenomena with all the accompanying circumstances are prequisites to the further development and progress of science as a whole. С. P. Snow wrote recently: ''The habit of truth, on which science depends- as no other human activity does, is in itself a moral habit; investigation is in itself a moral act".Proper evaluation is therefore decisive for the value of any research, any creative scientific work. This leads us to the wider conclusion: on which both theory and practice are at one, that is the principle of unity of all science. Errors committed in the past have frequently exposed law to the jibes of satirists and caricature artists, and provided material for masters of literature. Although it has been rather the practitioner of the legal profession which has constituted the main target, yet jurisprudence has not, and rightly so been spared. Socialism alone can overcome what Engels called ''the legal view" — conservatism and dogmatism — and ensure rehabilitation by according to the science of law the appropriate rank and significance due to it Having once overcome the errors committed or not committed, jurisprudence should develope on a scale which its importance justifies. Today, jurisprudence is closer to social practice than over in the past. The marked trend towards specialization, however, with the consequent separation and subdivision of the various disciplines of law, has done no little harm. The major responsibility to be shouldered by jurists — scientific. workers — therefore, to liquidate these delaterious trends, to develop closer co-operation between the various disciplines of law and between jurisprudence and such other branches of the social sciences as philosophy, sociology, economics and history. The co-operation should embrace spheres of both theory and practice. The study, conducted by specialists in various disciplines, of the current development in socialist countries involves the study of various aspects of the same phenomena. The larger the number of disciplines encompassed and the wider the results taken into account, the more comprehensive the achievements of research. Thus, scientific progress calls not only for the synchronization and co-ordination of research as between the specific disciplines of the social sciences, but also necessitates taking into account the research conducted by technologists, naturalists and mathematicians. The Institute of Legal Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences has already taken steps towards the integration of certain research work. Our efforts are being directed towards the development -of co-operation: within the framework of the legal sciences — intersectoral; between theory and practice; between representatives of the sciences of law and of other domains of the social sciences. Particular importance is attached to research concerning issues related,to the administration of national economy, and to research into the conditions of peaceful coexistence as between the two social and economic systems. Poland considers these fields of research to be of utmost importance to national economy — a fact which explains why these issues take priority in the Institute's research programme. Our plans are, however, not restricted to those two issues. Let us consider examples of other research projects now under way. These concern the development of socialist democracy (the problem of the organization and activity of People's Councils, the participation of civic organizations in the performance of state tasks, and the problem of the functional mechanism of institutions of socialist democracy); the protection of social property, problems related to the transformation of the agricultural system, key problems of labour law, and problems bound up with the development and activity of the Council for Mutual Economic Aid. The Institute conducts its research work collectively. The various departments and research units are not composed of specialists in a single field. To give an example — specialists in civil, administrative and public law, as well as economists and sociologists are working in one unit on the problem of administration of national economy. Similarly, representatives of allied fields in the social sciences, such as philosophy, economics, sociology and history, co-operate in other research units. Other participants in the work of the units include practitioners such as judges and prosecutors, official of the Labour and Pay Committee, of the Institute of Agricultural Economics, journalists, employees of various branches of state administration, members of the People's Councils, and civic leaders. The units function by preparing monographs which serve as basic synthesis, holding joint meetings and scientific discussions etc. The dominant principle at the Institute is that of collective work. In none of our work can we or should we restrict ourselves to the area of our individual countries. Although history and life pose problems which are not universally identical, yet we ought to benefit from one another's achievements and experience. That we do in many sectors of life — in politics and economics — so that we cannot fail to do the same in science, and particularly in the field which concerns us, namely jurisprudence. Division of labour, co-operation and co-ordination in the economic sector — referred to by Prime Minister Krushchev in his work on current problems of the world socialist system — must be reflected in scientific research. The practical value of our science will increase as our research becomes more complex. This is the only way to the realization of the thesis that ''science must become a direct productive force in the full sense of the word". By broadening our scientific base, we shall be able more effectively to conduct cur scientific dialogue with the capitalist world. This ideological contest, obviously, is an essential factor in peaceful coexistence. Consequently, it is exceptionally important that we exchange experience and views on the co-operation between jurisprudence and other branches of social science and on international co-operation in the domain of jurisprudence. Such exchange will serve to enrich the programme of every Institute and will enable the Institutes to adopt recommendations and decisions of common application. Even if we advance only a single step, that will mean that the research and co-ordination set in motion will have been of fundamental importance.


At present, when it seemed that the prospects for traditional energy using fossil fuels were quite stable, its negative aspects began to manifest at an increasing rate : environmental pollution combined with a rapid decrease in readily available reserves of coal, oil, and gas. It should be noted that the main source of energy in Republic of Burundi is of hydraulic origin (hydroelectric power stations), and that there is a serious shortage of electricity in the country, which leads to the constant disconnection of certain consumers to the electrical network. The purpose of the work is to develop effective mini- solar power plant (mini SPP) to power street lighting systems and power supply of various objects of municipalities, taking into account the tropical climate of the Republic of BURUNDI. The main elements of mini SPP are identified. The calculation of the technical and economic efficiency of this system is made. The current state of street lighting systems in cities and, especially, in rural areas, as well as the problems that arise when creating conditions for a comfortable living environment for people, make this research work relevant.


Specific validity of Tentyria andalusiaca Kraatz, 1865 (Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae, Pimelinae). Tentyria andalusiaca Kraatz is considered as a valid species, only known from the south of Portugal. Specific and subspecific keys of the genus Tentyria Latreille are included.


The aim of this Artical is to analyse the existing problem in teaching period combimed with girl students psychological and physiclogical character and to seek good method of which teach girl students to learn P. E.


Abstract: This paper seeks to establish that a chain of ideas connects and effectively links together core thoughts advanced by philosopher Charles Peirce with economist Thorstein Veblen. Peirce introduced into 19th century American philosophical inquiry the ancient Greek understanding of continuity and continuousness — derived from "synechism." We argue that Peirce's understanding and use of synechism serves as the foundation for Veblen's understanding and formation of the concept and principle of "cumulative causation." This stands at the center of Veblen's attempts to introduce evolutionary thinking into modern economics.


In this research, we are using clustering and decision tree methods to mine the data by using hybrid algorithms KMEANS, SOM and HAC algorithms from clustering and CHAID and C4.5 algorithms from decision tree and it can produce the better results than the traditional algorithms. It also performs the comparative study of these algorithms to obtain high accuracy. Clustering method will use for make the clusters of similar groups to extract the easily features or properties and decision tree method will use for choose to decide the optimal decision to extract the valuable information.This comparison is able to find clusters in large high dimensional spaces efficiently. It is suitable for clustering in the full dimensional space as well as in subspaces. Experiments on both synthetic data and real-life data show that the technique is effective and also scales well for large high dimensional datasets.


Abstract This paper derives the theoretical skewness in a five-factor affine jump-diffusion model with stochastic variance and jump intensity, and jumps in prices and variances. Numerical analysis shows that all of the uncertainties in this model affect skewness. The information regarding jumps in prices is mainly reflected in the short-term skewness. The skewness for other maturities carries the information that is highly correlated with variance. Furthermore, the theoretical VIX and skewness under a simplified five-factor model are used to fit the market risk-neutral volatility and skewness sequentially. The fitting performances are better than traditional double-jump models.


A model is proposed for the mechanisms by which multiple emitting sites are formed and material is lost from a nonrefractory arc cathode with an oxide layer more than about 10?8 m thick, when an arc is rotated magnetically over its surface for long times. Using measured copper cathode erosion rates and scanning-electron-microscope photographs of the size and number of craters on cathode arcing surfaces, results have been obtained which seem to support the model. Average lifetimes of emitting sites have been estimated to be considerably greater than those on cathodes with very thin oxide films. The model suggests that it is important to keep the oxide layer from becoming too thick, to obtain low cathod erosion rates.


ABSTRACT This article presents an empirical investigation of factors influencing local renewable energy (RE) deployment. The existing literature has mainly focused on the global contribution of RE at the macro-country level. The particularity of this study resides in the extension of the analysis to the local level, and it was motivated by the fact that the targets for RE deployment are partly defined at the national level, but the establishment of the means of production and the organization is delegated to the local level. Using French data for 95 administrative divisions (départements), we estimate a spatial panel data econometric model by considering serial correlation in the remainder errors. The results reveal strong spatial spillovers and high time persistence, suggesting that the presence of proximity between French local governments conducts local RE policies. The RE deployment of a given department is thus affected by its neighbours. Some determinants of RE deployment are finally identified to help authorities to increase RE supply in the future. Income effect is significant and derived for solar energy and bioenergy and is supplemented by indebtedness that seems to be a favourable strategy to increase solar RE investments. Political ideology is likely to partly explain wind and bioenergy deployment. Finally, geographical factors remain important drivers: solar energy is more developed in southern regions while wind power is more deployed in the north. Based on these results, policy coordination between departments is required to maximize their natural potentialities and increase RE deployment in the future.


With sensor networks on the verge of deployment, security issues pertaining to the sensor networks are in the limelight. Though the security in sensor networks share many characteristics with wireless ad hoc networks, the two fields are rapidly diverging due to the fundamental differences between the make-up and goals of the two types of networks. Perhaps the greatest dividing difference is the energy and computational abilities. Sensor nodes are typically smaller, less powerful, and more prone to failure than nodes in an ad hoc network. These differences indicate that protocols that are valid in the context of ad-hoc networks may not be directly applicable for sensor networks. In this paper, we survey the state of art in securing wireless sensor networks. We review several protocols that provide security in sensor networks, with an emphasis on authentication, key management and distribution, secure routing, and methods for intrusion detection. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.