A quantum self-organizing feature map neural network(QSOM) method is introduced for water quality prediction in activated sludge wastewater treatment processes which includes uncertainty of microbial activity and complexity of biochemical reactions and strong lagging of parameters.This approach quantizes the inlet water quality data corresponding outlet water in abnormal state and makes the quantized data sample as the input of QSOM.The correlation coefficient of the quantum inputs and its weights are calculated as the best inputs matching of network by using quantum gates to update the weights in learning the rules.The experiments illustrate the efficiency of this prediction approach by using operational data of Chongqing Jiguanshi wastewater treatment plant.


Abstract Noturus stanauli (Pygmy Madtom) is an endangered ictalurid catfish species endemic to the Clinch and Duck rivers within the Tennessee River system. Little is known regarding the species' habitat preferences due to its rarity, small body size, and the challenging level of collection difficulty in its mainstem riverine environment. In the Clinch River during July, September, and November of 2017, we (1) quantified microhabitat conditions in 1.5-m2 quadrats where we collected Pygmy Madtoms by kick-seining methods and (2) evaluated environmental covariates associated with Pygmy Madtom occupancy and detection using a single-season occupancy-modeling approach. We collected 13 Pygmy Madtoms in July (n = 1) and November (n = 12), with no individuals seen in September. Pygmy Madtoms occupied quadrats with a mean depth of 27 cm, column water velocity of 52 cm/s, water temperature of 12 °C, and substrates dominated by gravel- or pebble-sized particles. Most quadrats with Pygmy Madtom present were located either 1–2 m or 4–5 m away from the nearest bank. Pygmy Madtom occupancy estimates were high (0.498 for the top candidate model) but were not significantly associated with any environmental characteristics. However, the likelihood of Pygmy Madtom detection was significantly related to water temperature (-), with water column velocity (+) and distance to bank (-) playing supportive roles in top candidate models. Our results inform recovery efforts by providing the first quantitative evaluation of Pygmy Madtom microhabitat associations in the Clinch River.


Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (formerly named Wegener's granulomatosis) is an uncommon kind of systemic vasculitis involving small-to-medium sized vessels, and categorized as ANCA-associated vasculititis with the presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (1). It is characterized by the formation of necrotizing granuloma in the upper and/or lower respiratory tract and glomerulonephritis. Subsequently, it affects almost any organ or tissue. GPA is influenced by genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors (2). GPA affects people at any age, usually between 60 and 70 year of age in both sexes. Two forms of GPA are systemic and diffuse forms; systemic GPA typically includes renal and pulmonary manifestations and/or vital organ involvement and systemic symptoms, such as fever, anorexia, or weight loss, and as localized/ limited forms that predominantly affect the upper respiratory tract, but they are recurrent (3). The diagnosis of disease is based on the classification criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis provided by the American College of Rheumatology (4). Currently, ANCA is used for diagnosis in clinical practice.


The application of the continuous wavelet analysis is proposed for the dynamical monitoring of structures from transient responses under unknown excitations (shock, ambient ...). The numerical tool of the continuous wavelet transform is performed. It is based on the mother wavelet (Morlet or Cauchy) and on the quality factor Q characterizing the mother wavelet. This tool allows extracting instantaneous amplitudes and frequencies within a signal. A domain of the time-frequency plane where the edge effect is negligible, and bounds for Q are determined. The processing of the frequency modulated real signal by the proposed tool facilitates the modal identification of structures (linear and non-linear) and allows an improvement of the impact-echo method. An adapted procedure for every application is detailed. Results obtained from numerical and real tests show the efficiency of the method.


Since most health-related knowledge is created by experts, it is not easy for general public to access, understand, and utilize such knowledge in daily living. It would be most convenient and useful to a healthcare knowledge base that a user can easily start exploring from symptoms and arrive at candidate diseases and eventually obtain knowledge for treatment and prevention. We have embarked on a project whose goal is to build such a healthcare knowledge base from text by using natural language processing and text mining techniques. This paper focuses on how definition sentences can be detected and describes a method of ranking sentences based on the degree to which they contain definitions of diseases, which should contain symptom information. While our work is basically to build a classifier that identifies definition sentences, the main contribution lies in the development of a new kernel method that utilizes correlations among different types of tokens. We evaluated our method to arrive at a conclusion that the proposed method can be very effective with a training data that is almost an order of magnitude smaller than the method of using dependency parser.


Adenomyosis is a benign lesion as a result of invasive endometrial into myometrial layer.The traditional treatment is hysterectomy.Uterine artery embolization was developed in recent years in the use of treatment of adenomyosis,not only can improve the clinical symptoms,but also meet the wishes of patient to retain genital.The psychological state of patients with diseases affected the progress and the prognosis of patients.Perioperative psychological care should be done to eliminate all kinds of bad feelings.


A new name is introduced for the small-sized variant of Melanoleuca polioleuca, formerly also recognized as f. oreina. The authors demonstrate that the use of this epithet is undesirable because it is not likely that Agaricus oreinus Fr.: Fr. represents the same taxon.


ABSTRACT Vendor assistance in public library collection development is not an all-or-nothing proposition. There are a wide range of services available which should be chosen according to library needs and comfort factors. This article discusses the information and evaluation involved in selection plus the communication required in a cooperative selection process. Five levels of vendor assistance are also delineated.


In experiments with rats of different age exposed to gamma- or neutron-radiation it was shown that in younger animals, the inhibition of DNA synthesis in the bone marrow was of a lesser degree but more stable without a tendency toward recovery. Inhibition of DNA synthesis was more pronounced in mature rats, but in 18 h it was completely or partially eliminated. Neutrons of 1.5-2 MeV caused a more pronounced, than gamma-radiation, inhibition of DNA synthesis in all animals under study irrespective of their age: the inhibition was similar in animals with different levels of bone marrow proliferation.


The growing use of information and communication technologies and the
internet in professional virtual learning environments implies challenges to teaching
institutions facing high rates of dropout registered in distance education. The drawing of
actions to elevate retention in on-line courses depends on knowledge about factors that
influence student dropout in those environments. Ttaking the lato sensu on-line course
"Processos de Gestao e Tecnologias de Informacao em Saude" at Escola Nacional de
Saude Publica – ENSP/FIOCRUZ as the object of this study, it was investigated the
predictive factors of dropout. The answers of 201 students collected in three
questionnaires about socio-demographic and study conditions, job situation, skills and
approaches to study and locus of control of the students formed the database for
validation ands multivariate analysis. The validation of the short version of Approaches
and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) under item response theory analysis
showed that strategic and superficial scales items had information variability along the
latent trait distribution. The factor and correspondence analysis of the ASSIST did not
confirmed the three factor structure or categories distribution pattern compatible with
other studies. In the investigation of Rotter´s internal-external locus of control scale, it
was not identified a pattern with one single factor that confirmed the unidimensional
aspect of the scale or two or three factors described in the literature. In multivariated
analysis, the inclusion in a survival model of resumed approaches of study scales,
selected from the results of item response analysis, showed that the discordance with the
statements of superficial approach and age above 41 years had a protector effect in
dropout, along with time of computer use. The findings of this study highlight the
importance of deepening the investigations related to the role that study approaches and
computers use skills and perceptions have on the student retention in on-line courses.


Drinking occasions are important determinants of the quantity and effects of alcohol consumption. We examine the Finnish drinking culture by identifying a typology of typical autumn week's drinking occasions and by determining the central characteristics of drinking occasions that differentiate one occasion from another. The data come from the 2008 Finnish Drinking Habits Survey (n = 2725, response rate 73.6%) on a general population sample aged 15–69 years. A total of 1566 past-week drinkers reported 3120 past-week drinking occasions. Key measurements were the circumstance, location, company, and timing of the drinking occasion. Latent class analysis was used to model the underlying structure of drinking occasions. A typology of drinking occasions consisting of eight-latent classes was identified. Five of these latent classes took place at home: light drinking with family at home (prevalence 30%), non-light drinking with family at home (12%), daytime family meals (6%), alone at home (15%), evenings with friends at home (13%). Three classes took place mainly at licensed premises (prevalence): light drinking out together (9%), out drinking with friends (9%), and heavy drinking parties (5%). The same latent structure of drinking occasions was found to be valid for men and women. The typology indicates the dominance of light-drinking occasions in Finland. Heavy drinking occurs mostly in occasions when friends are present, but also at home, with mainly family present. The study findings indicate that important themes for Finnish alcohol policy include drinking in the presence of children, and attention to restrictions on retail sales of alcohol.


The paper introduces the internal-compression and external-compression process of air separation unit,and points out some disadvantages of the current double-pump internal-compression unit.Some innovations have been presented in reducing steam consumption,adjusting unit load,deploying high-pressure air, transforming gas source,and decreasing CO2 content.The operation indicates that the transformations are reasonable,and these innovations have gotten good results.


The World Health Organization's (WHO) Fracture Risk Assessment tool (FRAX) severely underestimates risk of fragility fracture (FF) in certain patients, according to a new study. Published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, the findings are by Canadian investigators.


This paper aims at researching about the gilda[long]/jjalda[short]'s description and the meaning opposite aspect in the dictionaries and corpus data. First I looked at eight great korean dictionaries. I found that All dictionaries were a linear structure. The gilda[long] has 6 meanings in the dictionary, and jjalda[short] has 9 meanings in the dictionary. It dosen't have an opposite description. Therefore I suggest that Meaning description of antonym must be bilateral symmetry. So I suggest that fixing the meaning structure. And I looked at Sejong corpus data from The National Institute of The Korean Language. I made two lists. One was a word list with gilda[long]. Another was a word list with jjalda[short]. And then I extracted common words in two different lists. It shows that gilda[long]/jjalda[short] aren't pairs of antonyms. It is different from that of the dictionary, too. So I think that it is important to describe the antonym description of gilda[long] and jjalda[short].


Abstract— Besides the normal tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence in aqueous solution (emission maximum at 350 nm), a new emission, peaking around 380 nm, appears by long wavelength excitation. Its fluorescence yield (φs 0.24) is higher than that of tryptophan (φTrp= 0.13). The growth of this emission is observed under different experimental conditions, mainly under UV anaerobic irradiation. To explain this observation, the formation of a C3‐hydroxylated derivative is tentatively suggested.


The Japanese language consists of a large number of loanwords, which derived from both China and the West. It is believed by many that influence by the English language began with the American occupation just after the Second World War. The loanwords from especially English increased vastly in number ever since. Today, the foreign loanwords from the West, gairaigo, makes up to approximately 10% in the Japanese language, and still increasing. Since new words are introduced into Japanese, especially for concepts that do not exist in the language and words for things coming from abroad, many native words have been replaced with the loanwords in several fields in the daily life of Japanese people.
This thesis deals with the possibility of the difficulty for native speakers to find the native words and an assumption that there might be a gap between the genders, younger and older generations where the younger generations prefer using gairaigo words instead of their native counterparts. This is examined through a questionnaire answered by a total of 60 native speakers and through previous researches.


The time course of the loss in presynaptic dopamine transporters (DAT) and of the increase in postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) was studied in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. For this, in vitro autoradiographic experiments were performed in the striatum using (E)‐N‐(3‐iodoprop‐2‐enyl)‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4′‐methylphenyl) nortropane (PE2I), a new single photon emission tomography (SPET) ligand for DAT, and iodobenzamide (IBZM), a SPET ligand for D2R. A significant decrease in [125I]PE2I binding was observed as early as 24 h after 6‐hydroxydopamine lesion, whereas no change occurred in [125I]IBZM binding. At 48 h postlesion, PE2I binding was 50% decreased, while IBZM binding was 30% increased. Between 3 and 14 days postlesion, PE2I binding had almost totally disappeared and IBZM binding remained increased by around 40–50%. From these animal experiments, it can be assumed that PE2I would be very efficient for the detection of a reduction in the number of DAT reflecting neuronal loss, thus allowing early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The exploration of both DAT and D2R would improve follow‐up of this disease. Synapse 31:134–139, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In rock mass disturbed by mining activity, distortions in the stress balance may lead to seismic energy being emitted in reactivated seismogenic structures. One way of increasing the imaging resolution of these seismically active structures is through relocation, which itself can be achieved using the cloud collapsing method. This method partially eliminates perturbations in the location of seismic energy sources concerning the actual positions of these sources. It enables events to be grouped into spatially ordered structures that may correspond to actual tectonic structures, such as fractures, fissures, or faults. We present the results of applying the collapsing method in mining seismology using a cloud of located events recorded during mining activity at one of the coalfaces in the Bobrek hard coal mine. The relocation procedure was applied to all the foci of events recorded during mining activity on face 3/503 between April 2009 and July 2010. In the relocated point cloud, two types of the linear structure responsible for generating events are automatically distinguished using the HDBSCAN algorithm: structures directly related to mining activity and structures associated with local tectonics. The location of the separated structures of the first type corresponds to the range of coalface 3/503 and the shafts delimiting earlier mined seams 507 and 509 located below. The isolated structures of the second type, with almost vertical orientation, are associated with existing zones of discontinuity that become seismically active as a result of mining activity. The identified structures lie near the biggest events recorded, which is evidence that these structures may correspond to real discontinuity zones.


This study was conducted to evaluate and analyze portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements in order to develop recommendations for the design and construction of long-lived concrete pavements. It involved a detailed evaluation and analysis of the PCC pavement data in the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database using a variety of methods to determine the design features and practices that have beneficial effects on long-term performance. Emphasis was placed on identifying those specific design features that can be included during design to improve the performance of PCC pavements under various combinations of environmental and traffic loading conditions, and for different subgrade support conditions. The study focused on the development of practical recommendations that can be implemented by highway agencies to increase pavement life. This volume describes and provides information on improved pavement distress and roughness prediction models that were developed as part of the study. A key focus was to develop distress and roughness prediction models that incorporate mechanistic principles but are still practical for use by State highway agencies.


Reusable launch vehicle(RLV) has the typical characteristics of complex aerodynamic shape and propulsion system coupling, and the flight environment is highly complicated and intensely changeable. So its model has large uncertainty, which makes the nominal system quite different from the real system. Therefore, studying the influences caused by the uncertainties on the stability of the control system is of great significance for the controller design. In order to improve the performance of RLV, this paper proposes the approach of analyzing the influence of the model uncertainties. According to the typical RLV, the coupling dynamic and kinematics models are built. Then different factors that cause uncertainties during building the model are analyzed and summed up. After that, the model uncertainties are expressed according to the additive uncertainty model. Choosing the uncertainties matrix's maximum singular values as the boundary model, and selecting the uncertainties matrix's norm to show t how much the uncertainty factors influence is on the stability of the control system . The simulation results illustrate that the inertial factors have the largest influence on the stability of the system, and it is necessary and important to take the model uncertainties into consideration before the designing the controller of this kind of aircraft( like RLV, etc).


For a fusion reactor, it is indispensable to develop the divertor with tungsten which can bear intense transient heat and particle loads, such as ELMs and disruptions. In order to simulate pulse plasma like ELMs, it is necessary to develop a device which irradiates transient heat and particle loads to generate with steady-plasma. In this study, the experiments using the plasma gun are performed. Mo samples were irradiated by a plasmoid in order to investigate the impurities produced.


Abstract: A juvenile Little Owl (Athene noctua) was diagnosed with granulomatous encephalitis and muscular sarcocysts. Sarcocystis halieti was identified in the brain and muscle tissue by PCR and subsequent sequencing. This is the first report of S. halieti as a potential encephalitis-causing pathogen in birds.


We present measurements of the tunneling conductance in the borocarbide superconductor ${\mathrm{TmNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}\mathrm{C}.$ The results show a very good agreement with the weak coupling BCS theory, without any lifetime broadening parameter, over the whole sample surface. We detect no particular change of the tunneling spectroscopy below 1.5 K, when both the antiferromagnetic (AF) phase and the superconducting order coexist.


BACKGROUND Removal of unwanted hair is the most popular skin treatment worldwide. Over the past decade, various lasers and light sources for epilation have been advocated for use in an office setting, although most people continue to treat unwanted hair with a variety of temporary physical methods (e.g., waxing, shaving) in a home setting, presumably due to cost and convenience factors. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a low‐energy pulsed‐light device intended for home‐use hair removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty women (skin phototypes I‐IV) with dark terminal hair in nonfacial sites (axilla, forearms, inguinal region, legs) self‐administered three treatments at 2‐week intervals using a handheld intense‐pulsed‐light device. Matched untreated skin sites were also studied. Hair counts and clinical photographs were obtained pretreatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the third treatment. Side effects and patient satisfaction scores were recorded. RESULTS All patients showed a positive clinical response to treatment, with reduction of unwanted hair. No reduction of hair was noted in untreated matched areas. Hair counts were reduced 37.8% to 53.6% 6 months after the three treatments. Skin region influenced clinical response, with lower legs exhibiting greater hair reduction than arms and inguinal and axillary areas. Mild erythema was experienced in 25% of patients, but no other side effects or complications were encountered. Patient satisfaction scores were high, with all patients stating that they would purchase the device for future home use. CONCLUSIONS Low‐energy pulsed light can be applied safely and effectively for at‐home hair removal in a variety of nonfacial locations and skin phototypes I‐IV. The device was loaned by Home Skinovations. Dr. Alster purchased stock options after completion of the study.


The present article intends to propose a strategy for tourism and marketing for Călărași county, starting from analysing the structure and dynamics of material and technical base of tourism in this area. This analysis of tourism in Călărași county will represent the premise of the developed strategy. We will identify the main objectives of the strategy and at the beginning we will set the general objective, because in the end we'll present the actions to be taken in order to achieve the objectives.


Accurate characterization of the calibration standards used for the short-open-load-thru (SOLT) calibration of S-parameter measurements of RF devices is crucial if correct measurements are to be obtained. For most reciprocal devices (i.e. with S12=S21) if the calibration coefficients are inaccurate, the 'calibrated' S21A and S12A values appear not to be identical over all frequencies. We find that we can use this apparent violation of reciprocity to develop a novel procedure for standard characterization. This procedure ("reciprocal procedure") searches for the optimum set of calibration coefficients for which the reciprocity of the device is obeyed at all frequencies


Publishing companies are experiencing difficult times. Although more books are published than ever before (Segura 2017), especially publishers of literary prestigious fiction are struggling to make a profit in the book business. An analysis of the Dutch market showed that often revenue from just a few bestsellers has to cover losses incurred by a large number of titles that do not sell well (Buss 2015). The same study suggested, inter alia, to look into computational methods to remedy the situation (p.84). Acknowledging the publishing industry as an application ground 1. We would like to thank the people at WPG Publishers (http://www.wpg.nl) who kindly provided us with the sales data that made this research possible. We also would like to extend our gratitude to our colleagues at the National Library of the Netherlands who provided the digital research corpus and secured environment that was used to execute this research. We thank also Hermann Buss and Michel Blaauw of Driven By Data (http://driven-by-data.com) and Emile den Tex, who all contributed significantly to our research.


A binary code that satisfies requirements for the Decision Information Distribution System (DIDS) is generated. Requirements for the code, procedure for generating such a code, and resulting code are described. Comparison with the theoretical bounds indicate that the code obtained in this study is nearly optimum.


Anaahat Studios (http://anaahat.com) is a business organization established in the year 2013 with a mission to undertake diversified classes of projects for several industries to bring forth their uniqueness in every possible way i.e. through design, music, content and strategies.


A face recognition system for automatic door access control has been developed in this work with a view to providing a relatively more robust and foolproof access control which can provide better security and reduce human errors inherent in other conventional methods. The system was designed with machine learning and artificial intelligence to capture faces, train faces with machine mode, and run trained faces to grant access to the user. The system uses the RaspberryPi module, camera module, servo motor and the GSM module which were all incorporated into the fabricated building to make up the prototype developed to provide access control by means of facial biometrics. In order to grant access to registered users, various photos of the users were taken in different positions and expressions with proper illumination. The user's face is been captured by the camera module and saved in the database with the help of Raspberry Pi Module. Good lighting condition and other favorable conditions helps the camera module to recognize faces and sends signal to the Raspberry Pi which processes these images and opens the door with the help of the servo motor. The developed prototype was used to train fifty (50) users. It granted access to all fifty (50) users when there was proper illumination and pose but five (5) and nine (9) users respectively were denied access due to challenges of poor illumination and pose variation.


Introduction: The use of simulation games in education has been rising in recent years. Triage is not only a major content among the EMS (emergency medical services) but also a necessary skill for students to improve their first-aid ability. This study aims to investigate a game for education called MASS (movement, assessment, sort, and sending), which attempts to enhance students' capability of disaster response. Method: A randomized controlled trial was conducted among students who took the course: "Understanding Disaster and Surviving Risk" during the term and volunteered to participate in teaching research from different faculties in Sichuan University. Participants were trained by using the simulation game or the online course before class. The simulation game is MASS, which uses virtual reality techniques to create a realistic 3D tanker explosion scene, and the online course is a Massive Open Online Course created by the teaching team. In the class, questionnaires with subjective and objective multiple choices were carried out after a discussion. With SPSS version 27.0, statistical significance among groups was determined by Mann-Whitney U-test for rank variables, Fisher's exact test for binary variables. Results: 73 students were included in this study, including 45 in the online course group and 28 in the simulation game group. The qualitative experience survey showed the two groups were significantly different in experience of disaster scene challenges, application scenes, and method of triage (P=0.031, 0.007, 0.031, respectively). Students in the simulation game group showed significantly better performance in knowledge acquisition including application scene of triage, key of the expectant's assessment, and rescue condition for thoracentesis than in the Online game group (P=0.048, 0.020, 0.010, respectively). Conclusion: Simulation games can improve students' experience and performance in triage training. Due to the unrepeatability of disaster, the study suggests that games can be used to conduct simulation education for disaster medicine.


As an important channel of enterprise social media marketing, microblog marketing has brought dividends to enterprises, but if it is unable to effectively evaluate the marketing effect, it will restrict the development of enterprise microblog marketing in the future. Combined with the DEA


SUMMARY.— The differential diagnosis of umbilical granulomata is discussed. Eighteen cases of talc granuloma of the umbilicus have been examined; 13 were basically pyogenic granulomata and 5 umbilical polyps. It is submitted that treatment of the raw umbilical stump with talc or starch is a practice that should be discontinued and replaced by some application that is both non‐irritant and sterile.


We consider three-person envy games with a proposer, a responder, and a dummy player. In this class of games, the proposer, rather than allocating a constant pie, chooses the pie size which the responder can then accept or reject while the dummy player can only refuse his own share. While the agreement payoffs for the responder and the dummy are exogenously given, the proposer acts as the residual claimant who - in case of responder acceptance - receives whatever is left after the two exogenously given agreement payoffs have been deducted from the pie. Consistent with earlier findings from three-person generosity games, we find inequality aversion to be strongly context-dependent and affected by the (in)equality of exogenously given agreement payoffs. Motivated by these findings, we present a stylized model on context-dependent inequality aversion that accounts for the observed effects.


cene deposits is osteologically indistinguishable from living species (Miller, 1965). Plio-pleistocene catostomids (represented mostly by disarticulated incomplete skeletons) have been studied in detail by Smith (1975), Miller and Smith (1981) and others. Little is known, however, about the structure and relationships of Early Coenozoic catostomids. The Eocene-Oligocene catostomid genus Amyzon was first described by Cope (1872) from Oligocene specimens collected in Nevada. Three additional Oligocene Amyzon species have been described from Colorado (Cope, 1884) and two Middle Eocene species from British Columbia (Cope, 1893; Wilson, 1977). A Late Eocene or Early Oligocene Amyzon is known from Oregon (Cavender, 1968). Cavender (1973, at 53rd annual ASIH meeting) first reported the occurrence of a catostomid in the Green River Formation, based on a poorly preserved partial specimen in the United States National Museum (USNM 175357). In this paper we describe Amyzon gosiutensis, n. sp., from the Laney Shale Member of the early Middle Eocene (Bridgerian) Green River Formation of Wyoming. This is the first catostomid described from the Green River For-


TEE incidence of the corporation income tax has been analysed, in the product market, as a relative burden between producers and consumers of the product concerned (Nevin, 1963); even where the analysis has been in terms of relative burdens between producers and labourers, i.e. owners of different factors of production, only partial equilibrium techniques have been used (Lall, 1967). However, in order to study the incidence of the corporation income tax, it has generally been recognized that a long-run, general equilibrium context is necessary. To quote from Musgrave (1959):


Climate change has emerged as the most pressing global challenge of the 21st century. There is an increasing understanding that climate change transcends political boundaries and affects the whole global population, making them stakeholders to the solutions too. However, despite the ubiquity of climate change, its more immediate impacts are felt differently by different groups of people. Developing countries, with their low adaptive capacities and high dependence on climatic variables, are highly susceptible to climate-induced tragedies.


An efficient method for the optimum quantisation of the luminance and chrominance components for discrete wavelet transform (DWT) still image coding, based on current psychophysical evidence, is described. Its practical application to image compression is presented. This new approach is further supported by experimental work which compares perceived DWT image quality with conventional JPEG-encoding, that is block-based discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding, on the basis of quantisation distortion.


A new type of the contact linear image sensor array using amorphous silicon photodiodes has been developed. The new device, namely "Full Contact" type, linear image sensor, has a pinhole of 60 µ m in diameter at the center of the amorphous silicon photodiode pixel. With this structure, the focusing lens can be removed and the optical path can be reduced by about one half as compared with an ordinary facsimile scanner. Eventually the device becomes quite compact in volume and production process are rather simple, result in low cost. LED driven 1728 pixels for A4 size and 2048 pixels for B4 size devices with the resolution of 8 dots/mm have been developed so far. A series of technical data for the development of devices and their operational performance are presented and discussed.


1,2,3UG Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Vadapalani, Chennai, India 4Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Vadapalani, Chennai, India --------------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------AbstractPlant sicknesses are primary purpose for massive damage and economic losses in the agricultural field. Identification of ailment inside the plant might be very essential for better farming results. The principal motive is to correctly identify leaf illnesses with the usage of neural networks. The feature extraction approach plays an essential role. Feature extraction techniques such as the SURF (Speeded-UP Robust Features) feature extraction technique is used for extracting the features. The input image in RGB form is converted to HSV (Hue Saturation Value) form for the segmentation process. The leaves with ailment are then classified on the premise in their similarity with the training dataset of disease samples formerly defined by using the feature extraction techniques. The proposed model implementation is done with the use of MATLAB and the proposed version result is the name of the disease present in the plant leaf. Here Back Propagation Neural Network and neural network classifier (PatternNet) is used for achieving the result.


This issue of religious change in Africa and Igbo land is a continuous debate which has been done by many scholars from their own point of view. However, this religious change or conversion is a continuous process. Fisher in this historical approach of religious change tries to show the process that is involved in conversion. From this, one sees that the situation of process of conversion in Igbo land is captured by historical approach explained by Fisher. The mass movement from African traditional religion to Christianity and Islam in the early times is captured, and the return of most Christian people to their traditional practices and religion is vividly explained by Fisher's historical approach through the process of conversion. This piece therefore submits that Fisher made a kind of prophecy or showed the way conversion may take place in future in the life of the Igbo people.


The problems of development and utilization of water resources in our country were analyzed,and the strategies were put forward according to the harmony theory.In the process of development and utilization of water resources,the harmony participators should strengthen cooperation."The most stringent water management system to ensure water resources sustainable utilization" was for the harmony objective,according to the harmony regulation of "establishing the water rights system and water markets to orealize the optimal allocation of water resources",considering the harmony factors as "watersaving priority and protection at the same time",the harmony action of "equal stress on supply and demand management and taking water-demand management as the principal thing.Then,human being,water and enviroment will be in harmony.


In the new generation of industrial cyber-physical system (ICPS), data-driven control is one of the emerging intelligent control methods to realize efficient production adjustment. In most existing works, the perfect sensing process is regarded as the fundamental assumption. However the experienced sensing strategies deployed in advance are increasingly difficult to adapt to the expanding network scale and diversified production demands in the Industry 4.0 era. To tackle the challenges, we propose the novel intelligent edge sensing and control co-design (IESCC) framework under ICPS. The cooperation of five constructed graph convolutional neural networks respectively related to system model, sensing model, estimator, actor and critic is adopted to approximate the coupled optimality conditions of sensing and control strategies. The structure of learning networks is designed in advance for online strategy solving tailored for the real-time industrial requirements and edge computing power. In particular, the representation capabilities of learning networks under different scales are quantitatively analyzed from the perspectives of observability and controllability. Besides, the feasible region of learning rates is explicitly depicted to ensure convergence. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied into the laminar cooling process in the semi-physical simulation. Compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, our method can always guarantee observability and controllability. And up to 27.9${\%}$ overall performance of sensing and control is improved, and 38${\%}$ execution time reduction is achieved on average.


This report describes the shorted location indicator by frequency of electrical resonance (SLIFER) system used at Sandia Laboratories for determination of explosive yield of under ground nuclear tests.


An emergency hospital was established to care for the employees of an industrial plant during the recent influenza epidemic, and in all, 285 cases were cared for in the unit. 1 Unfortunately, the majority of the patients were of the lower type, with environments of poor home and personal hygiene, physically derelict. Many had no care, and suffered even neglect, before admittance. We were thus confronted with a great number of neglected, seriously ill, not a few of whom were moribund. It was a most discouraging circumstance to stand by and observe a death rate of more than 42.9 per cent. in the so-called pneumonias with the various treatments used. We were stimulated to attempt the practical application of theory, and are gratified over a result far beyond our fondest expectations. While much has been done on the etiology, especially from a bacteriologic standpoint, even to the extent of producing


An analytic expression for the variance of nonlinear phase noise that uses a first-order perturbation technique is obtained. The results show that for highly dispersive transmission systems, amplified spontaneous emission-induced phase noise due to self-phase modulation becomes much smaller than that for the systems with no dispersion.


The increase in children's screen time over the last few decades has concerned parents, educators, and policymakers alike, due to its association with negative developmental outcomes. Interventions have focused on educating parents about the apparent dangers and coaching them on how to limit screen time. Such interventions are unlikely to be effective if screen time is driven less by parental preference than by parental necessity, supplementing insufficient adult caretaker availability. We show that during the COVID crisis, screen time increased dramatically as a direct result of sudden decrease in adult caretaker availability. This indicates that lower screen time rates prior to the pandemic were not (merely) a function of well-informed parenting but of well-resourced parenting. We discuss implications for policy, as well as for the ongoing scientific debate about whether screen time is actually problematic for development.


We study the integral kernels of semigroups which need not be ultracontractive by transferring them to appropriately chosen weigted spaces where they become ultracontractive. Our construction depends mainly on two assumptions: the classical Sobolev imbedding and a \desingularizing" (L; L) bound on the weighted semigroup.


This report summarizes natality patterns and maternal health statistics based on 1996 statistics from the National Center for Health Statistics. Tobacco use during pregnancy declined from 20% of pregnant women to 13.6% during 1989-96. Women who smoke are twice as likely to have a low-birth-weight infant which increases the chance of infant mortality and disability. Smoking among mothers aged under 18 years increased from 5% during 1995-96. The proportion of women receiving prenatal care rose to 81.9% in 1996. The birth rate for unmarried women was 1% lower than in 1995 and 4% lower than the highest level in 1994. But the number of births to unmarried women showed an increase to 1260306 which was 32.4% of total births. The birth rate for White non-Hispanic women increased slightly. The rates for Hispanic and Black women each declined 2% which were the lowest rates during 1969-96. The number of multiple births increased. Triplets and other higher order births rose 19% during 1995-96 and were 344% higher than in 1980. Multiple births were 1300 in 1980 and 5939 in 1996. The birth rate for multiple births rose from 37.0/100000 women to 152.6/100000 women. Twin births increased but less dramatically by 4% during 1995-96 and by 37% since 1980. Fertility-enhancing drugs and delayed childbearing are the reasons for the increase in multiple births. Multiple births have led to a higher frequency of low birth weights and preterm births. Births declined to 3891494 in 1996 which was the lowest number of births since 1987. The birth rate was the lowest in 20 years. The teen birth rate continues to decline.


Endophytic fungi were isolate from leaves of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae), which is an exotic tree with a widespread distribution and often cultivated. In Brazil Melia azedarach L. widely used medicinal plant in Indian sub-continent, was Investigated for endophytic mycoflora. Single mycelium method was used to isolate endophytic fungi from surface sterilized of medicinal plant. Seven hundred twenty segments of leaves of Melia azedarach L., collected from "Botanical garden of University of Rajasthan during 2009-2010 were processed for the presence of endophytic fungi. According to morphological charatersities, 3 fungal species of Aspergillus viz., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp. and one species of Nigrospora sp. were isolate and identified. Interestingly all the fungi were isolate only from leaves and overall colonization frequency from surface sterilized leaves was found to be 10.8% in response to plant samples.


Given that teacher self-efficacy has been recognized as a significant predictor of desirable outcomes at the student as well as at the teacher level, it is necessary to address the lack of a robust measure of this construct in Serbia. the present study examined the reliability, factor structure, and criterion validity of the 12-item teachers' Sense of efficacy Scale (tSeS) among a sample of 452 Serbian teachers. Internal consistency estimates for scores on the tSeS varied from .77 to .88. the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that a three-factor model of the tSeS yielded the best fit to data. criterion validity of the tSeS was supported by relationships of all its subscales with teacher job satisfaction. Primary school classroom teachers reported significantly higher self-efficacy for student engagement compared to secondary and high school teachers. No significant differences were found with gender and years of teaching experience. our results confirm that the tSeS is a reliable and valid instrument, and thus potentially useful for research within the Serbian cultural context. both areas for future research and practical implications are discussed.


The article presents the results of a study of municipal public passenger transport routes operation reliability. For the first time in Russian practice, a range of Travel Time and Buffer indices values is identified based on route networks of two different cities. A scale to evaluate route reliability levels is proposed.


The aim of the present work was to study the influence of fiber content and fiber length distribution on the shear and elongational viscosity of polypropylene compounds measured with a novel online rheometer. The recently developed device consists of two slit sections and a hyperbolic contraction part in between, which allows for continuous monitoring of both shear and elongational viscosity during an extrusion process. Due to the favorable design of the hyperbolic contraction, pressure transducers can be incorporated directly into the flow channel, which prevents material accumulation in pressure holes. A polypropylene homopolymer intended for thermoformed packaging applications was compounded with different fiber content of either glass or cellulose fibers. While the measured shear viscosity only changed slightly, the elongational viscosity was found to be sensitive to the fiber content. Furthermore, the variation of fiber length distribution in a glass-fiber reinforced polypropylene random copolymer, i...


The Affordable Care Act will have important impacts on state Medicaid programs, likely increasing participation among populations that are currently eligible but not enrolled. The size of this "welcomemat" effect is of concern for two reasons. First, the eligible but uninsured constitute a substantial share of the uninsured population in some states. Second, the newly eligible population will affect states' Medicaid caseloads and budgets. Using the Massachusetts 2006 health reforms as a case study and controlling for other factors, we found that among lowincome parents who were previously eligible for Medicaid in Massachusetts, Medicaid enrollment increased by 16.3 percentage points, and Medicaid participation by those without private coverage increased by 19.4 percentage points, in comparison to a group of control states. In many states the potential size of the welcome-mat effect could be even larger than what we observed in Massachusetts. Our analysis has potentially important implications for other states attempting to predict the impact of this effect on their budgets. T he Affordable Care Act will have important impacts on state Medicaid programs, even in light of the 2012 Supreme Court decision that made it optional for states to expand Medicaid to parents and childless adults with incomes at or below 133 percent of the federal poverty level. In all states health insurance exchanges will provide access to subsidies for private health insurance—operated by states, the federal government, or a state-federal partnership. Even in states that do not implement the Medicaid expansion, the presence of either a state-based or federally facilitated health insurance exchange coupled with the individual mandate to obtain health insurance coverage is likely to have an impact on participation in Medicaid by people who are eligible under the current rules but have not enrolled. In addition, changes to the operation of Medicaid, such as streamlined procedures for application and renewal of eligibility, are likely to make it easier for people to enroll in Medicaid. The size of the population that is Medicaid eligible but uninsured varies across states, constituting more than 5 percent of the entire population in some states. Making significant progress toward reducing the rate of uninsurance thus depends on increased Medicaid participation among people who are eligible but not enrolled. However, the potential for increased Medicaid enrollment among currently eligible populations is a sizable fiscal concern for states. Although the Affordable Care Act provides 100 percent federal funding (eventually phasing down to 90 percent) for newly eligible Medicaid populations, states will receive lower federal matching rates (in 2012 these rates ranged from 50 percent to 74.2 percent) for Medicaid enrollees whomeet the state eligibility requirements that were in place December 1, 2009. As a result, estimating the size of this doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0360


At present, Marine Ecosystem Health ( MEH ) is a new and hot topic in ecological research. Based on the present characteristic of marine ecosystem, in this paper, the concept of MEH was generalized. And the main methods used to assess the health condition of MEH were introduced. The category, choosing indicators, and study process of MEH based on the domestic and foreign references about this domain were discussed. In detail, the paper listed a system of Marine Ecosystem Health assessment indicators so as to establish an available model to assess marine ecosystem health. Finally, this paper put forward these problems and research trends in future.


A novel approach proposed in the present work for alleviating the severity of β-globin disorders is centered upon induction of γ-globin gene expression in fetal hemoglobin and reduction of free and toxic α-chains in adult hemoglobin. We use hybrid functional Petri nets in Snoopy framework to create quantitative model of fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switching network and validate its coherence with qPCR data available for existing target-based drug and gene therapies of β-globin disorders. Then we apply simulation-based model checking to underlying biological network to predict the most efficient molecular targets for β-globin disorders. To measure the effectiveness of β-globin disorder treatments we devise a unique criterion, F (α, β, γ) = α− (β + γ) + c, and justify the reason why this formula can be used as unique criterion. Simulation results show that our approach has potential more beneficial effect on β-globin disorders than existing target-based therapies as it minimizes | F |. Key–Words: Hybrid functional Petri net, quantitative modeling, target-based gene therapy, fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switching network, β-thalassemia


Thirteen Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) strains from 'Pera' citrus orchards, collected in Northern Parana State, Brazil, were evaluated and compared with two severe CTV strains from Sao Paulo State through I-DAS ELISA (Indirect Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and SSCP (Single-strand Conformation Polymorphism) of virus capsid gene. In samples collected in two counties, high levels of absorbency (A 405 ) were recorded, when monoclonal antibodies specific to CTV severe strains were used. In addition, SSCP patterns of these samples were identical to patterns recorded for the Capao Bonito complex from Sao Paulo State. These results suggest that citrus orchards of Northern Parana State are infected with severe CTV strains.


Purpose: We describe subtle macular changes that were detected by high-magnification color fundus imaging in infants with congenital Zika syndrome. Methods: This series included 4 infants (age: 1.4 ± 0.1 years [range, 1.3-1.5 years]) who were serologically confirmed with congenital Zika syndrome, examined under anesthesia, and underwent fundus examination and color fundus documentation. The fundus images were captured using 130° and 80° field lenses. Fluorescein angiography confirmed macular lesions. Results: Wide-angle color fundus images detected unilateral retinal findings in all 4 infants. Chorioretinal atrophy was identified in 2 eyes (25%) of 2 infants (50%) and pigment mottling in 3 eyes (37.5%) of 2 infants (50%). High-magnification imaging revealed subtle macular changes in the contralateral eyes of the 4 infants that were confirmed by fluorescein angiography imaging. Conclusions: High-magnification fundus imaging can be effective and reliable in revealing and documenting subtle structural changes in the macula of infants with congenital Zika syndrome.


We examine the reductions of the order of certain third- and second-order nonlinear equations with arbitrary nonlinearity through their symmetries and some appropriate transformations. We use the folding transformation which enables one to change from a nonlinearity with an arbitrary exponent to a nonlinearity with a specific numerical exponent.


With increasing attention in recent years, metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) exhibit a prospective potential to be applied in many fields especially in aerospace industries due to their excellent properties such as high strength-to-density ratio, high wear resistance and long fatigue life. A micromechanical finite element (FE) model of machining of MMNCs is established in this paper to get a better understanding of their machinability. A random distribution algorithm (RDA) has been developed and introduced in the FE model to describe the actual random cluster distribution of nanoparticles, which is different from the ideal array-pattern distribution in traditional models. Based on the FE simulation results, the influence of each machining parameter on the key responses is first analysed, respectively. Then, the comprehensive influences of these machining parameters are quantitatively compared by using the multi-factorial analysis method so as to determine the most important factors in machining of MMNCs.


We consider a non-Abelian candidate state at filling factor ν=3/7 state belonging to the parton family. We find that, in the second Landau level of GaAs (i.e., at filling factor ν=2+3/7), this state is energetically superior to the standard Jain composite-fermion state and also provides a very good representation of the ground state found in exact diagonalization studies of finite systems. This leads us to predict that if a fractional quantum Hall effect is observed at ν=3/7 in the second Landau level, it is likely to be described by this new non-Abelian state. We enumerate experimentally measurable properties that can verify the topological structure of this state.


Second harmonic generation measurement has been performed to see whether or not K 2 SeO 4 crystal is centrosymmetric in its hexagonal phase. All examined SHG signals were weaker than the detectable limit of our experimental setup, implying that SHG coefficient d 33 of K 2 SeO 4 is estimated to be smaller than 5.3×10 -3 · d 11 of quartz. The present experiment indicates that the space group of the hexagonal phase of K 2 SeO 4 is nonpolar D 4 6h -P6 3 /mmc rather than polar C 4 6v -P6 3 mc.


A pipe coupling 13 comprises a tubular body 14 defining a socket 15 to receive the end 25 of a pipe 26 and an end cap 1 attached to the outer end of the body 14. The end cap 1 has an integral sealing ring 2 of thermoplastic elastomer having a head portion 9 for sealing between the pipe end 25 and the socket 15. The head portion 9 includes two sealing elements 10, 11 that are relatively divergent in an axial direction leading away from the entry end of the socket 15 to form an annular groove 12. The head portion 9 is compressed on insertion of the pipe end 25 so that the two seal elements 10, 11 respectively effect seals with the pipe end and the socket 25, 15. Compression of the head portion 9 is assisted by the provision of the groove 12 between the seal elements 10, 11.


Aiming at poor performance of safety protection and keep pressure, lowautomatic control level in overload protection system of cone crusher,the paper puts forward a new kind of overload protection system andintroduces its working principle and characteristic.


In this paper, a novel resonator of wireless energy transfer system based on resonant coupling (WETRC) is studied. The cubic film resonator, consisting of copper strips on outer layer, which is separated by an insulation interlayer to copper sheets on inner layer, is fabricated. The relationship between resonant frequency and several key parameters of the resonator is analyzed using finite element method (FEM). Then the experiments have been carried out. Both simulation and experiment results show that the dielectric constant of interlayer and the length of inner copper sheet have significant influence on the resonant frequency of the system.


The world securities market has formed a more complete system since its origin in the 17th century, with a considerable number of small and medium-sized investors and institutional investors, and proposing innovative new methods for securities valuation models can assist investors in making more accurate investment decisions. This paper proposes for the first time to use an interdisciplinary analysis method, ARIMA + HP filter analysis, to analyze the valuation of the securities market, by taking the opening prices of individual stocks in digital technology industry segments: blockchain, artificial intelligence, and Beidou navigation as examples for valuation analysis, firstly, the initial data of the opening prices of individual stocks from 2019-2021 are analyzed by HP filter analysis, and secondly, the data are analyzed while doing Tobit model test. By analyzing the long-term trend of the digital technology industry after noise reduction, its corresponding valuation forecast and value judgment results show that the head effect of the digital technology industry is more significant, and the opening price volatility shows a U-shaped relationship with company size and profitability, and the opening price volatility of individual stocks is less, while the shorter the company's establishment time, the greater the stock price volatility. While the past literature focused on the traditional valuation of financial conditions and historical data analysis of a single variable, this paper analyzes the data of individual stocks in the digital technology industry through an interdisciplinary analysis method, which allows for a more comprehensive use of historical data and prediction of possible stochastic fluctuations, providing a more reliable valuation method for securities investors and opening up new ideas for research related to the field of valuation analysis.


Ask a group of glass industry managers what a technical trouble-shooter is and you will get as many opinions as members of the group. So perhaps we should consider what we want from such a being.


should be begun at the earliest possible moment after contamination we are of the opinion that this should not be done by workers in the undressing-room; these workers will be wearing respirators and rubber gloves, and we feel that under these conditions it would be almost impossible to irrigate contaminated eyes effectively, and that an attempt to do so would only cause delay and possibly spread contamination. It might be argued that it is neither necessary nor even advisable to wash the eyes of every patient, and that it would perhaps be an advantage to restrict irrigation to those with obvious contamination of the eyes or who give a history of suspected contamination. All casualties, however, should be instructed to seek medical advice if ocular symptoms develop in the course of the next twenty-four hours. The treatment of liquid-contaminated hair presents a difficult problem. Undoubtedly the most satisfactory method would be to cut off the affected hair; such a practice, however, particularly in the case of women casualties, might be strenuously opposed, so that a considerable delay might occur while persuading the casualty to allow the hair to be cut. It is for this reason that we have proposed the application of anti-gas ointment to the contaminated patch, while at the same time issuing instructions to the personnel to cut off the hair if this can be done quickly and with the consent of the patient. We have not attempted to discuss here the difficult question of the cleansing of those who are also wounded. With a personnel trained in first aid most minor cases could almost certainly be taken by following this procedure. Stretcher cases obviously present special problems, though in a sense the treatment is simplified, since in these cases the marking of all clothing for subsequent identification is of very secondary importance.


This paper mainly investigates Chinese university students' acquisition of constraints on English Wh-movement, with the aim of providing some evidence of the accessibility of universal grammar (UG) in second language acquisition (SLA). One UG principle, the Subjacency Principle, puts constraints on English Wh-movement and this is the major study point of the present study. The author selects a certain number of Chinese university students as participants and carries out a grammaticality judgment test. Since there does not involve Wh-movement in Chinese language, and Chinese students have no access to the Subjacency Principle during their daily studies, then if it happens that the subjects shows certain degree of obedience to this principle, a conclusion could be drawn that UG is still accessible and operative in SLA. Abroad, numerous linguistic researchers in the field of SLA have done studies concerning the Subjacency Principle, while in China, scarce similar studies have been made. The author firstly checks Chinese participants' acceptance of grammatical long-distance Wh-movement and their rejection of ungrammatical Wh-movement with violations of the Subjacency principle, with the latter one as the major point. The discussion of the study is focused on the participant's responses to varying degrees of Subjacency violations. The experimental results show that the Chinese subjects have demonstrated a certain degree of acceptance of the long-distance Wh-movement and of rejection of Subjacency violations. Therefore, the author concludes that UG is still available and operative in SLA,  while the extent to which it is accessible still requires to be further studied.


In recent decades, Multiple Input Multiple Output beamforming is deliberated as the vital technology enablers for 5G mobile radio services. Since, it provides noticeable improvement regarding throughput and coverage measures in 5G networks. Primarily, executed 3D MIMO beamforming using the modified Support Vector Machine algorithm which forms beam effectually to the users. The interference is mitigated in two stages that are small cell interference and macro cell interference by measuring the interference power from the cells. To provide better security to the data transmitted over Device-to-Device communication, Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm is used. The results attained from the simulations are auspicious in terms of metrics including throughput, Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). From the simulation results, we prove that our ML-3DIM method increases throughput, SINR, SNR by up to 20%, 30% and 35% respectively compared to the existing methods including PABM, ULABM, and NOMA.


Two years ago, makers of animal feed additives—mainly amino acids and vitamins—were a bullish bunch. Today, they are chastened, although not totally in the dumps. What happened in between to the $5...


With the expectation that series configuration would maximise the fuel economy as engine is decoupled from the wheels, a forward-facing, series hydraulic hybrid vehicle (SHHV) powertrain model for medium size trucks is developed in this paper, and is employed to investigate the application of stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) methodology for developing power management strategy. For properly managing all the control variables that arise from the significant freedoms introduced by the SHHV powertrain, two-level hierarchical control architecture is proposed. Simulation results over the urban driving cycle are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of SMPC compared with other deterministic approaches and the potential of the selected hybrid system to substantially improve vehicle fuel economy.


In a former article (1),1) we calculated the potential of the magnetic field of diurnal variations from the X and Y components separately. In this paper, we adopt, for the expansion in a series of spherical harmonics, the values taken from the potential charts inserted in another article (2),2) in which the values of the potential derived from the X component are corrected so as to accord, as much as possible, with those derived from the Y component. The results of the calculation are now briefly described herewith.3) It is to be noticed that the coefficients of the first few terms in the expansion of the magnetic potential obtained by the method of least squares come out too large, especially when the applied range of latitude is limited. In the former calculation the terms in n=1-4 for m=1 were calculated for the range •}45•‹of latitude. The coefficients of Pi were two or three times as large as the new results determined by the usual method of integration, for the known values of X from 90•‹N to •@ 90•‹S. We described in another paper 4) in these proceedings the difficulty of determining the Z component over the earth. Consequently, for the Z component, we had to employ the method of least squares •@ within the range of •}60•‹of latitude. Examining the coefficients in n=1-6 for m=1, n=2-5 for m=2 and n=3-4 for m=3, the effects of the remaining higher terms are found to be negligible as to the final results. In the table the external and internal coefficients (Emn and Imn) of the main terms are given and the total effect of all the terms can be seen in the charts of the equivalent electric currents. Comparing the figures in this table with those in the previous


In an electric arc furnace (EAF) process, the most typical form of scrap substitute material is direct reduced iron (DRI) due to no unwanted tramp elements, a uniform shape, a relatively high yield and purity of carbon. However, using DRI inevitably changes slag composition due to gangue components such as SiO2 in the DRI. If slag composition largely deviates from the standard operation, the EAF process would affect the operational stability, energy consumption, refining ability of the slag, and refractory lining life. Specifically, the life time of the refractory is closely associated with the number of operating charges as well as charge materials. Therefore, it is required to minimize refractory degradation during the DRI-used EAF process.


Since there are a tremendous number of similar functionalities related to images, 3D graphics, sounds, and script in games software, there is a common wisdom that there might be more cloned code in games compared to traditional software. Also, there might be more cloned code across games since many of these games share similar strategies and libraries. In this study, we attempt to investigate whether such statements are true by conducting a large empirical study using 32 games and 9 non-games software, written in three different programming languages C, Java, and C#, for the case of both exact and near-miss clones. Using a hybrid clone detection tool NiCad and a visualization tool VisCad, we examine and compare the cloning status in them and compare it to the non-games, and examine the cloned methods across game engines. The results show that code reuse in open source games is much different from that of other software systems. Specifically, in contrast to the common wisdom, there are fewer function clones in game open source comparing to non-game open source software systems. Similar to non-games open source, we observed that cloning status changes between different programming languages of the games. In addition, there are very fewer clones across games and mostly no clones (no code reuse) across different game engines. But clones exist heavily across recreated (cloned) games.


Examples from a number of States who have successfully implemented their own IDP laws and policies reveal several factors that can assist effective implementation.


Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or endotoxin, is considered responsible for the pattern of cytokine activation and the subsequent pathophysiological events during Gram‐negative septic shock. To determine whether non‐LPS components of Neisseria meningitidis are able to induce cytokine activation, the cytokine‐inducing capacities of serogroup B wild‐type N. meningitidis H44/76, of an LPS‐deficient mutant (Plak 33) and of meningococcal LPS in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied.


This report discusses the functions of the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF), which was founded for the purpose of maximizing the value of natural gas; developing short-, medium-, and long-term analysis and forecasting; facilitating cooperation on issues of common interest among members; promoting natural gas as a fuel; and positioning the GECF as an internationally recognized organization. It also compares the GECF with the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), describes structural constraints, and outlines concerns for Congress.


Based on the monitored data,the trend of water quality and eutrophication extent at each monitoring site of Dongchang Lake during 2004-2011 were analyzed by single factor index,Nemerow index method and trophic state index method.The results showed that the single factor index of hydrogen ion concentration(pH) and dissolved oxygen(DO) displayed a fluctuating upward trend,and the water quality was conformed with the water quality standard of Class IV.The single factor index of chemical oxygen demand(CODCr) and total nitrogen(TN) displayed a fluctuating declining trend;total phosphorus(TP) displayed a fluctuating upward trend,and the three single factor indices were higher.Total nitrogen(TN) had the greatest impact on water quality.Nemerow index of Nanguan,Xiguan Bridge showed upward trends,suggesting that the water quality got worse.Nemerow index of Beiguan,Dongguan Bridge showed a declining trend,demonstrating the water quality became better.Eutrophication of each monitoring site was in light-middle eutropher level during 2004-2010,which reached mesotropher level up to 2011.The eutrophication levels of Dongguan and Beiguan Bridge were higher than those of Xiguan and Nanguan Bridge.


China抯 original system of educating its athletes within its own institutional range has long been out of line with the overall environment of literary education and has never been able to guarantee its quality, which has significantly affected the athletes?employment after retirement. The concept of continued education for retired athletes is consequently put forward in the paper through analyzing the external and internal factors affecting their continued education, so as to come up with the transitional mode in this regard.


Underwater light intensity was measured as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at four sites near Syowa Station, Antarctica, on -* December +330, and -, ++, +1, and ,3 January +331. The sites were covered with several di#erent thicknesses of sea ice (,.*0 -.0.m) and snow (*.*. *.1*m). The estimated PAR intensities just under the sea ice were *.+ 0.0 mmolmS, sS+. There was a significant negative correlation between sea ice thickness and PAR just under the sea ice. A similar relationship was obtained when the previously reported values in the literature were analyzed. Using data from the present and previous studies, an empirical equation is proposed. The equation implies that snow layer reduces the incidence to about ,* of surface irradiance, and that PAR decreases by one order of magnitude with each + m increase of the sea ice thickness.


This paper describes the latest version of a discretized restrained shrinkage (DRS) experimental test equipment and procedure for studying the early-age behavior of hydrating cement-based materials in various thermal conditions. First, results that show the temperature control efficiency and the uniformity of the temperature field within the specimens are provided. Then, the results of tests performed to evaluate both hardware and material effects are presented. A selected series of experiments demonstrate reproducibility of results from the DRS tests. The overall results indicate that the temperature-controlled DRS test can help in the understanding and characterization of early-age behavior of cement-based materials.


Background: transcriptional regulation of endocrine cell pluripotency, proliferation, and differentiation in adult is still obscure.
Objective: asses the network of transcriptional factors regulating postnatal development of rat adrenal zona glomerulosa was studied.
Methods: male Wistar rats of pubertal age and after puberty when the adrenals reach their maximal development were used in the present study. Histology of zona glomerulosa, proliferation of glomerulosa cells, and secretion of aldosterone was examined. Expression of Shh, PRH/Hhex, and Oct4, as well as activation of canonical Wnt signaling in glomerulosa cells was assessed.
Results: pronounced activation of canonical Wnt signaling along with expression of transcriptional factors Shh and Oct4, indicating pluripotent potential were found in glomerulosa cells of pubertal rats. Strong inverse correlation between number of Oct4-positive glomerulosa cells and blood level of aldosterone were also revealed. After puberty in the period of maximal development of adrenal cortex glomerulosa cells exhibited higher expression of Shh, Oct4, and antiproliferative factor PRH/Hhex along with constant parameters of activation of Wnt signaling.
Conclusion: Increase in number of Shh- and Oct4-expressing cells allows to hypothyze that this pool is required for maintenance of tissue homeostasis in zona glomerulosa during postnatal development.
Key words: adrenal gland, zona glomerulosa, Oct4, PRH/Hhex, Shh, Wnt signaling, aldosterone


A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen source and cobalt level on growth, yield and other properties quality of soybean plants (Glycine max L. Merr). This experiment was carried out under drip irrigation system at the Research and Production Station, National Research Centre at El-Nobaria location, Egypt. Nitrogen sources were ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulfate (AS) and urea (U), while cobalt was added in the form of cobalt sulfate in 6 concentration i.e. (0.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0 and 20.0 mg Co kg -1 ). N source increased both growth and yield of plants. AN was the most effective followed U then AS. Cobalt at 12 mg kg -1 enhanced growth, yield and status of N, P, K, Mn, Zn and Cu in shoots and seeds of soybean, particularity in presence of AN. Cobalt increased yield, oil and protein contents in seeds. Cobalt concentration above 12 mg kg -1 had an adverse effect, on plant growth.


The author studies the teachings of John Paul II up to June 1980 which have as their subject the Encyclical Aeterni Patris and specially the Discourse of November 17 1979 in the University of St Thomas Aquinas.

The Holy Father presents the Encyclical of Leo XII as a document of outstanding importance in its time .for the application of the teachings of Vatican Council l. The present Pope reads the Encyclical in the context of Vatican Council II and in terms of the pontifical program of "fully carrying out the Council's dispositions". In this light he finds that the recent Council has taken up the principal ideas of the Magisterium of Leo XIII and recommends the personage and the doctrine and the method of St Thomas Aquinas as being especially apt to illuminate the philosophical crisis of our time. John Paul II highlights two dimensions or notes in the philosophy of being of St Thomas, which are the basis of its perennial value:

a) its openness and universalism with respect to reality as such, which makes it "most suitable" for friendly, and at the same time critical, dialogue: with contemporary trends in order to discern what there is in them that "effectively reflects that reality";

b) its radical "subjection to the truth" which man "does not fix, but only discovers in nature and which has been given to him along with being". Springing from both of these notes is the openness to the total reality and truth which has been revealed to us in Christ and which the ordinary and extraordinary Magisterium of the Church preaches.

The philosophico-theological thought of Aquinas, says Pope John Paul II; illuminates the two most decisive sectors of the Church's task today: Christology and antropology, both of which are profoundly interlinked and which have been dealt with by the Pope in his Encyclical Redemptor HoIninis.


The present invention relates to a method and system for estimating a movement direction using a Wi-Fi positioning system (WPS) and, more specifically, to a method and system for estimating the movement direction of a pedestrian in an environment in which a direction calculation is difficult due to geomagnetic contamination. The system for estimating a movement direction using a WPS, according to the present invention, corresponds to a method of performing a movement direction estimation using the WPS. The method comprises the steps of: (a) performing WPS positioning for a pedestrian and setting a movement direction by a plurality of positioning points N; (b) calculating the movement direction at a PDR, when a rotation of a gyro sensor occurs; and (c) synthesizing a WPS positioning point and a PDR positioning point and calculating the movement direction, when a new WPS positioning point and PDR positioning point exist.


J. J. Crovisier and J. Honnorez [1988] discuss an article by W. W. Maggs, "Mg May Protect Waste Under Glass" [Maggs, 1988] summarizing work by A. Barkatt (Catholic University, Washington, D.C.), B. P. Glass (University of Delaware, Newark), and S. Alterescu and J. A. O'Keefe (NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Md.). We found that seawater is orders of magnitude less corrosive t h an fresh water in attacking tektite glass; traced the protective effect to the presence of magnesium, at a level of about 1.3 g/L in seawater; and suggested that the effect might be useful in protecting nuclear waste glasses from corrosion.

Crovisier and Honnorez first make the point that the rate of corrosion of glass is, in principle, a function of the ratio of surface area 5 to the effective volume V. This concept, which is usually discussed in American literature under the name of S/V effects, is discussed by Crovisier and Honnorez in terms of the "permeability of the environment." These effects have been carefully considered throughout our work (see, for example, Barkatt et al. [19867rsqb;). It turns out that in the sea the effective S/V is so small that the effects referred to by Crovisier and Honnorez can be ignored.


Purified immunoglobulin(Ig) was isolated from the serum of European eel by using protein A sepharose affinity chromatography.The polyclonal rabbit anti-eel IgM antiserum prepared by the purified Ig was then used to detect the localization and distribution of the immunoglobulin positive(Ig+) cells in the kidney,spleen and liver of the experimental(infected by Aeromonas hydrophila) and the control(not infected) European eels by the method of immunohistochemistry.Results of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed that the purified Ig was composed of two single bands at 68 ku and 26 ku,compatible with heavy chain and light chain,and the titers of anti-eel IgM antiserum were 1∶51 200.In the control group,the numbers of Ig+ cells were found very low in the spleen,relative abundant in the kidney and non in the liver.In the experimental group,the number of Ig+ cells obviously increased in the spleen,but not obviously in the kidney while no Ig+ cells were present in the liver.Both in the experimental and control groups,the melano-macrophage centres(MMCs),formed by the aggregated macrophages and the lymphoid cells,were identified in the spleen and the kidney.In the spleen,a plenty Ig+ cells which most distributed within or around the MMCs and generally close to blood vessels were found in the experimental group,and the similar distribution of Ig+ cells was found in the control group.In the kidney,Ig+ cells were distributed within or around the MMCs in the control group but not found in the experimental group.Compared with the control group,the number and the volume of the melano-macrophages both in the spleen and the kidney were more and larger in the experimental group.The results obtained in this study revealed that spleen and kidney were primary immune organs which contained Ig+ cells,and the change of the numbers and the volume of the melano-macrophages was closely associated with the process of the immune response in the European eels.


In this paper, we prove the K-theoretical and L-theoretical Farrell-Jones Conjecture with coefficients in an additive category for nearly crystallographic groups of the form $\mathbb{Q}^n \rtimes \mathbb{Z}$, where $\mathbb{Z}$ acts on $\mathbb{Q}^n$ as an irreducible integer matrix with determinant $d$, $|d |>1$.


Silica composite oxide particles comprising Silica and a metal oxide other than Silica, the content of the metal oxide other than silica being from 30 to 50 mol %, and a coefficient of variation in the particle diameter being not larger than 30%. The silica composite oxide particles contain metal oxides other than silica in an amount of not Smaller than 30 mol %, which could not be produced thus far, and feature excellent Spherical shape and excellent monodispersion property.


The present invention can be found in the above Ph value of the selected range of the aqueous solution, to a method of composition of any precipitate even consist cleaning aqueous solution of the formed non bile acid pharmaceutical and other applications and the production of the solution . The compositions of the present invention, water, bile acids, bile salts, or an amide bond with an amine and a conjugated bile acid form bile acids and aqueous soluble starch conversion product and one or both of the non-starch polysaccharides including. The composition remaining in the solution without resulting precipitate above pH values which range, according to one embodiment, remaining in the solution at all pH values obtainable in an aqueous system. According to some embodiments, these compositions may further comprise a pharmaceutical compound of a pharmaceutically effective amount. Examples of pharmaceutically compounds, insulin, heparin, bismuth compounds include amantadine, and rimantadine and are not intended to be limited thereto.


This paper discusses the purposes that outdoor education does, could and should serve in Singapore. Gert Biesta's conceptualisation of three functions of education is adapted to frame deliberations on the purposes of outdoor education in Singapore's socio-political and educational milieu. The author suggests that outdoor education in Singapore could and should give high priority to serving three educational purposes; namely, building resilience, building emotional bonds with the place that constitutes Singapore, and building ecological literacy. In pursuing such purposes, outdoor education in Singapore might lessen the gap between the educational outcomes it currently produces and those it could achieve in the future.


ABSTRACT Humans as social beings rely on information provided by conspecifics. One important signal in social communication is eye gaze. The current study (n = 93) sought to replicate and extend previous findings of attentional guidance by eye gaze in complex everyday scenes. In line with previous studies, longer, more and earlier fixations for objects cued by gaze compared to objects that were not cued were observed in free viewing conditions. To investigate how robust this prioritization is against top-down modulation, half of the participants received a memory task that required scanning the whole scene instead of exclusively focusing on cued objects. Interestingly, similar gaze cueing effects occurred in this group. Moreover, the human beings depicted in the scene received a large amount of attention, especially during early phases of visual attention, even though they were irrelevant to the current task. These results indicate that the mere presence of other human beings, as well as their gaze orientation, have a strong impact on attentional exploration. Data and analysis scripts are available at https://osf.io/jk9s4.


AbstractThe Beneficial Uses Shipping System cask is a Type B packaging developed by Sandia National Laboratories for the US Department of Energy. The cask is designed to transport special form radioactive source capsules (caesium chloride and strontium fluoride) produced by the Department of Energy's Hanford Waste Encapsulation and Storage Facility. This paper describes the cask system and the analyses performed to predict the response of the cask in impact, puncture, and thermal accident conditions as specified in the regulations, The cask prototype has been fabricated and Certificates of Compliance have been obtained.


I welcomed the news that medical school places will remain uncapped for the 2020 entry period with reticence.1 Almost all hospitals have revamped rotas to increase the number of doctors directly involved in patient care in response to covid-19. This has provided a glimpse of what could be. Wards have been well staffed, and colleagues have been close at hand to support each other. This …


The theories about the prime drive of technology innovation of corporations are various. But there is not an accordant conclusion on it till now. This paper tries to find the real drive of technology innovation from a new angle, taking Haier as an example. I think that excellent culture of corporations can inspire and support technology innovation from four aspects: spiritual culture, physical culture, behavioral culture and institutional culture. The influence on technology innovation exerted by corporation's culture is analyzed and studied in detail. At last, we can get a conclusion that corporation's culture can really promote the technology innovation. In the last part of this paper, a new model of technology innovation of corporation is founded.


The war resulted in over three million Korean deaths and an estimated 100,000 children left homeless. The scale of need opened the door wide to nongovernmental US citizens who flooded South Korea to spearhead recovery efforts. American missionaries led the call. They set up over five hundred orphanages by the war's end and administered care in a country that, unlike the United States, did not have an established national welfare program. The chapter examines how US officials initially welcomed the work of missionaries because they helped to resolve the civilian crisis while promoting Cold War visions of American benevolence, but were soon at odds with missionaries who openly criticized US servicemen for abandoning their mixed-race children in Korea. What began as a humanitarian and proselytizing effort in South Korea turned into an adoption movement that spanned the Pacific. Missionaries like evangelist Harry Holt and internationalist Pearl Buck connected constituencies back home to Korean children, imbuing Americans with a perceived First World responsibility over Third World children. The mobilization of Americans interested in seeing these adoptions through pressured the US and South Korean governments to create permanent adoption laws that set the stage for large-scale transnational adoptions the world over.


We report a second-generation gene annotation of human chromosome 22. Using expressed sequence databases, comparative sequence analysis, and experimental verification, we have extended genes, fused previously fragmented structures, and identified new genes. The total length in exons of annotation was increased by 74% over our previously published annotation and includes 546 protein-coding genes and 234 pseudogenes. Thirty-two potential protein-coding annotations are partial copies of other genes, and may represent duplications on an evolutionary path to change or loss of function. We also identified 31 non-protein-coding transcripts, including 16 possible antisense RNAs. By extrapolation, we estimate the human genome contains 29,000-36,000 protein-coding genes, 21,300 pseudogenes, and 1500 antisense RNAs. We suggest that our revised annotation criteria provide a paradigm for future annotation of the human genome.


This paper proposes a low profile on-body directional antenna, which suits for on-body system. The antenna generates surface wave along the body surface in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. The proposed antenna has a size of 65 mm × 65 mm × 2mm. On the human body equivalent phantom with the proposed antenna, simulated S-parameters show that the impedance bandwidth is lower than - 10 dB. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for on-body applications.


ABSTRACT : This study aimed to analyze the nutritional composition of the pequi fruit (Caryocar brasiliensis) and compare the performance of two extraction processes of lipids. The fruits were collected in two localities in Sinop - MT, in the maturation stage, before falling of the tree. Then were weighed whole, then fragmented to be dried and crushed. Then, we obtained the almond and a flour from the inner mesocarp with the thorny endocarp, which were analyzed for moisture, ash, fat, protein and total carbohydrates and hot and cold extraction of the lipids. Whole fruits and pyrenes had higher weight than site 1. The pequi presented a rich nutrition profile, especially for the high concentration of lipids (Almond: 45.42% in site to 01, 43.32% in site 02; flour: 34.73% in site 01, 38, 88% in site 02), a considerable quantity of protein (almond: 20.64% in site 01, 20.3% in site 02; flour: 3.67% in site, 4.03% in site 02). The almond proved richer in lipids, protein and minerals in comparison with the flour. The chemical composition of site 01 and site 02 differed in moisture and protein flour, and the moisture content of the almond. The hot method showed a yield higher than the cold method. The hot method extracted from sites 1 and 2, respectively, 73.4% and 73.5% more lipids from almond and 30.3% and 78.9% more from the flour. Keywords : Extraction, nutritional value, oil, pequi.


Abstract : An Analytical and experimental study was conducted to develop a computational model adequate for stress analyses of AS4/3501-6 composite plates containing preformed 1/4 diameter holes, which were found in previous and parallel experimental studies to possess superior open-hole tension and compression strengths relative to composites with drilled holes of equal diameter. The preformed-hole composites contain embedded material discontinuities resulting from the interpenetration of adjacent composite layers in the actual, laminated systems. The effort reported addresses the initial development of the model for single layers containing the material discontinuities present in laminates. The analytical method is suitable for adaptation to problems involving smart materials, electronic packaging, micro- electromechanical systems and joining/fastening. The proposed computational model is based on spline approximations of the displacement components. Solutions were obtained relative to curvilinear coordinates that mapped the preformed hole region onto a rectangular region and the embedded material boundaries into coordinate lines.


The purpose of this note is to give the general solution of two functional equations connected to the Shannon entropy and also to the Tsallis entropy. As a result of this, we present the regular solution of these equations, as well. Furthermore, we point out that the regularity assumptions used in previous works can substantially be weakened.


The existing literature on firm survival focuses almost exclusively on firm- and industry-level determinants. What is generally overlooked, albeit extremely important for firm survival in developing countries, is the impact of institutional quality. Using data from manufacturing firms in China for the 1998–2005 period, we find that institutional quality has a significant and positive impact on the survival of private enterprises. Specifically, a one-standard-deviation increase in the security of property rights protection leads to an 8.8 percent decrease in the hazard rate of private enterprises. Our results are robust to the inclusion of control variables and to various checks.


ABSTRACT Phenotypically plastic signals that can be altered in response to changing environmental conditions provide animals with the ability to dynamically signal their current condition or status. Such flexibility might also provide a means of avoiding potential trade-offs between signal components. Among birds, for example, both the timing of expression and the coloration of nuptial plumage are often thought to be honest signals of condition. However, because plumage is a relatively static signal type, birds that express condition-dependent plumage signals may face a trade-off between timing of signal production and signal quality, in that signals produced relatively early may be of lower quality because of seasonal constraints. A related cost may be increased fading or wear of plumage associated with extended duration of signal expression. Male Red-backed Fairywrens (Malurus melanocephalus) exhibit asynchronous development of nuptial red–black plumage, with some individuals molting into nuptial plumage months earlier than others. We report that male Red-backed Fairywrens that molt into nuptial red–black plumage early during the nonbreeding season appear to increase their plumage coloration by replacing feathers outside of normal molt periods (i.e. adventitious molt). In this way, some male Red-backed Fairywrens may be able to molt into nuptial plumage in the nonbreeding season, which is likely to increase access to mates or resources, and to subsequently enhance the red hue of a plumage-based sexual signal to a putatively more attractive state. We suggest that adventitious molt may be a currently underappreciated mechanism that birds use to improve or maintain the quality of plumage-based signals over time, between periodic full-body molts.


This work used a low-cost wireless electroencephalography (EEG) headset to quantify the human response to different cognitive stress states on a single-trial basis. We used a Stroop-type color–word interference test to elicit mild stress responses in 18 subjects while recording scalp EEG. Signals recorded from thirteen scalp locations were analyzed using an algorithm that computes the root mean square voltages in the theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz), and beta (13–30 Hz) bands immediately following the initiation of Stroop stimuli; the mean of the Teager energy in each of these three bands; and the wideband EEG signal line-length and number of peaks. These computational features were extracted from the EEG signals on thirteen electrodes during each stimulus presentation and used as inputs to logistic regression, quadratic discriminant analysis, and k-nearest neighbor classifiers. Two complementary analysis methodologies indicated classification accuracies over subjects of around 80% on a balanced dataset for the logistic regression classifier when information from all electrodes was taken into account simultaneously. Additionally, we found evidence that stress responses were preferentially time-locked to stimulus presentation, and that certain electrode–feature combinations worked broadly well across subjects to distinguish stress states.


This essay is my reading of English, a novel based on author Wang Gang's experiences in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Northwest China during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). As a language educator, I was particularly interested in the way that Wang describes learning English in the novel. The essay focuses on three aspects of learning English in the novel: the representation of learning English as a spiritual experience, the appeal of English for Love Liu as an adolescent learner and the portrayal of Second Prize Wang as an English teacher. The novel depicts learning English as a spiritual adventure and a religious experience in which Liu regards English as gospel and Wang, the English teacher, as the Messiah, who will lead him out of the chaotic and dehumanising world. The novel indicates the need to explore how individual learners in particular contexts appropriate the English language to pursue locally meaningful objectives.


It is well known that the way of heat transfer in steam-water heat exchangers can significantly affect the performance of HVAC systems. In this paper an alternative way of heat transfer in the heat exchanger of HVAC system is practiced for efficient running. In contrast to the conventional fluid arrangement in shell-tube heat exchanger, the steam flows in the tubes and the water flows between the shell and the tubes. It is found that the new way of heat exchange leads to a reduction of drag and a smooth increase ment of temperature . As a result ,the energy efficiency for a 17.4MW system concerned in the present work can reach at 96.3% and 1.2 million Yuan RMB can be saved per year.