Millets are small seeded annual cereal grains and are particularly low in phytic acid and rich in dietary fibre. Kodomillet or varagu ( Paspalum scrobiculatum ) is nutritionally superior to rice and wheat in terms of higher content of dietary fiber, less fat and high protein. The study was undertaken to incorporate kodomillet in commonly consumed recipes of south India and evaluate the acceptability of these recipes on the basis of organoleptic parameters and analyse their nutrient content. Kodomillet was incorporated in 14 recipes either as a whole grain or in a powder form at 30 percent and 50 per cent levels. The overall acceptability and mean scores for each recipe were analyzed by sensory evaluation through a formulated five-point scale and a panel of 30 semi trained panel members. The best acceptable recipe incorporated with varagu were analysed for selected nutrients using standardized methods. The findings of the study revealed that idli, puttu, adai, payasam, kozhukattai, laddoo and cutlet were best accepted when incorporated with varagu at 30 percent level and pongal had higher acceptability score at 50 percent level of incorporation. Kozhukattai incorporated with varagu at 30 percent level obtained the highest score among the recipes with the dietary fiber content of six gram.


Suture techniques are essential parts of flap operations, and different suture techniques are used for different purposes. This paper describes a new suture technique for suturing a flap rised on one surface and involving only one side of the papilla. The advantages of this technique include avoidance of trauma on the surface of the papilla which was not elevated, and elimination of the need of extra anesthesia.


This article deals with digital representation of images as well as presents design and implementation of message security of data represented in images by using the Quick Response (QR) code encryption technique. In the proposed solution, the QR code is written in the least significant bit (LSB). In our presented case the simulations are performed in MATLAB development tool. The results are presented by multiple stego images using multiple cover images and secret messages that are embedded into them. The motivation is ever-increasing demands on the security of hidden data represented in images. The proposed solution is evaluated by parametric values as Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean squared error (MSE) and subsequently compared with well-known proposed solutions. The aim of this article is to design a solution that will come with high level of security and at the same time with lowest possible level of perceptibility. The system can be used to secure data in the medical field, respectively in the protection of copyrighted data.


Applying heat pipe to electric vehicle battery thermal management can make up for some shortcomings of liquid cooling and air cooling. A gravity elliptical loop heat pipe was made in this experiment. The effects of forced convection cooling wind speed in condensation section, internal vacuum of heat pipe and filling rate of heat pipe on performance were studied. The data illustrate that the larger the wind speed of the condensation section, the larger the heat transfer amount and the higher the thermal efficiency; the cooling wind speed of the condensation section has a greater influence on the thermal efficiency. As the increase of liquid filling rate, the heat transfer amount and thermal efficiency show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The experiment shows that the thermal efficiency reaches the highest as the liquid filling rate is 50%. The higher the degree of vacuum, the larger the heat transfer rate, and the higher the thermal efficiency. The equivalent thermal conductivity is up to 17620.5 W/(m•K) in the experiment.


We have investigated in a systematic way the effect of cobalt doping on the magnetoelectronic properties of half metallic Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ films fabricated on MgO (100) substrates using co-sputtering. We observed that the magnetic and transport properties of the doped films are markedly sensitive to the doping concentration of Co. For Co doping /spl ges/33%, zero coercivity behavior was observed in the magnetization curves. Tunneling transport of electrons causes a spin-dependent magnetoresistance of -5.5% for Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ films, which reduces to -2.4% for (Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/)/sub 1-x/(Co)/sub x/ composite films.


Evoked EEG (electroencephalogram) response research indicates the potential for a usable brain-actuated control system (UBACS). Reduction of time lag is essential for the continued development of a subject-training system, which has yielded results, but has certain limitations in the areas of response time and false feedback due to artifacts. The authors are investigating a lock-in amplifier system (LAS) to overcome these limitations. Frequency and phase facile system capabilities as well as artifact rejection techniques for the LAS are considered. Improved LAS response time is projected. It is expected that this tool will enable effective training by continuously supplying subjects with an indication of their EEG output at a reference frequency. The experimental/prototype system is discussed.<<ETX>>


The invention relates to a blank for abrading production of ear molds, wherein the blank is made of a 2-component casting material, characterized in that the component A consists of a prepolymer and a Iminooxadiazindionderivat, whose component B contains a chain extender mixture.


Transformers have demonstrated impressive strength in long-term series forecasting. Existing prediction research mostly focused on mapping past short sub-series (lookback window) to future series (forecast window). The longer training dataset time series will be discarded, once training is completed. Models can merely rely on lookback window information for inference, which impedes models from analyzing time series from a global perspective. And these windows used by Transformers are quite narrow because they must model each time-step therein. Under this point-wise processing style, broadening windows will rapidly exhaust their model capacity. This, for fine-grained time series, leads to a bottleneck in information input and prediction output, which is mortal to long-term series forecasting. To overcome the barrier, we propose a brand-new methodology to utilize Transformer for time series forecasting. Specifically, we split time series into patches by day and reform point-wise to patch-wise processing, which considerably enhances the information input and output of Transformers. To further help models leverage the whole training set's global information during inference, we distill the information, store it in time representations, and replace series with time representations as the main modeling entities. Our designed time-modeling Transformer -- Dateformer yields state-of-the-art accuracy on 7 real-world datasets with a 33.6\% relative improvement and extends the maximum forecast range to half-year.


In a recent article in Analysis (Plantinga 1997), Alvin Plantinga suggests an amendment to his account of warrant aimed at remedying its inability to handle certain types of Gettier cases. I will argue in this paper that there are two difficulties with his adjusted account. First, Plantinga suggests that warrant requires a favourable 'mini-environment'. I shall argue though that no state of affairs satisfies his definition of a mini-environment. And second, I shall argue that his adjusted account is still vulnerable to Gettier difficulties. Finally, I'll propose an alternative amendment to Plantinga's account, one which I believe has better prospects for fending off Gettier.


The activities of ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerases I, II and III in a sodium deoxycholate (DOC)-treated enzyme preparation have been differentially determined using three combinations of assay conditions (metal ion ; Mg2+ or Mn2+, (NH4)2SO4 and α-amanitin). Ginsenoside-Rb1 enhanced, while -Rc repressed, the activities of RNA polymerases I and II, whereas both had no effect on that of RNA polymerase III. Rb1-treated rats showed different profiles of stimulation of RNA polymerases I and II ; the maximum increase of RNA polymerase I activity was about +70% at 2 hr, and that of RNA polymerase II activity was +40% at 3 hr after the injection of Rb1. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide both blocked the increase in RNA polymerase I activity on treatment with ginsenoside-Rb1. On the other hand, increased activity of RNA polymerase II was blocked by actinomycin D but not by cycloheximide. These results suggest transcriptional regulation in the enhancement by ginsenoside-Rb1 of RNA polymerase activities I and II, though the mechanisms may differ in detail.


Abstract Evolution in the wireless technology and supportive infrastructure offer innovative opportunities for healthcare and fitness monitoring applications without restricting activities of the user. The wireless body area networks (WBAN) have ability to bring revolution in the healthcare field. In spite of this ability WBAN have some technical challenges that need to be researched. The biggest challenge in WBAN is to provide quality of service. Many scheduling techniques have been proposed to improve Medium Access Channel (MAC) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) to achieve quality of service as well as to avoid interference between wireless sensor networks. In this paper the algorithm is proposed to achieve MAC objectives such as interference avoidance by using TDMA together with graph coloring. It has also tried to make TDMA scheduling more traffic aware so that it can recognize the traffic demands and accordingly allocates the time slots to sensors nodes which have highest priority packets. Keywords: Scheduling, MAC, Sensor Networks, TDMA, WBAN's Cite this Article Vishal S. Kore, Suraj A. Shete, Mahesh A. Jadhav. Traffic Aware Coloring based Scheduling Scheme for Mobile Wireless Body Area Networks. Journal of Electronic Design Technology . 2017; 8(3): 8–11p.


In order to effectively process the non-stationary vibration signals,a fault diagnosis method for roller bearing,combining the order bicepstrum analysis and the order tracking technique is presented.First,the vibration signal is sampled at constant time increments.And then the time-domain data is re-sampled at constant angle increments and transformed into the angle-domain stationary signal.Finally,the bicepstrum technique is adopted to extract the fault characters of the vibration signal for roller bearing.The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Entanglement in the system of two coupling atoms with a single-mode squeezed vacuum field are studied by means of quantum theory.Using the numerical method,the relation between the entanglement and the coupling parameter and initial state of the system is discussed.


We propose a new model and a solution method for two‐phase two‐fluid compressible flows. The model involves six equations obtained from conservation principles applied to a one‐dimensional flow of gas and liquid mixture completed by additional closure governing equations. The model is valid for pure fluids as well as for fluid mixtures. The system of partial differential equations with source terms is hyperbolic and has conservative form. Hyperbolicity is obtained using the principles of extended thermodynamics. Features of the model include the existence of real eigenvalues and a complete set of independent eigenvectors. Its numerical solution poses several difficulties. The model possesses a large number of acoustic and convective waves and it is not easy to upwind all of these accurately and simply. In this paper we use relatively modern shock‐capturing methods of a centred‐type such as the total variation diminishing (TVD) slope limiter centre (SLIC) scheme which solve these problems in a simple way and with good accuracy. Several numerical test problems are displayed in order to highlight the efficiency of the study we propose. The scheme provides reliable results, is able to compute strong shock waves and deals with complex equations of state. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The invention provides an additive for enhancing the specific scent of the Britain flue-cured cigarette, comprising: A. formulation component; B. formulating method; C. using method: separating the total leaves into airing tobacco leaves part and flue-curing leaves part according to the leaves formulation, and adding separately. The tobacco produced with said addictive is characterized by possessing natural mature tobacco scent; and small throat impact force. The invention is characterized by outstanding effect of additive; simple and easy method for formulating addictive, good combination of using method of additive with current processing method, and feasibility of successive and large scale production.


"A multinomial logit model is developed to analyse the association between residential migration within and from London with employment and tenure mobility. Migration is shown to interact more strongly with tenure change than career shifts, and with changes of workplace as against changes in occupation in general.... While occupational mobility and job-linked migration are higher among lower income workers, they are positively related to educational resources, confirming human capital models of job search."


In this paper a new method to find a medical diagnostic reasoning with the help of extended huasdroff distance for intuitonistic fuzzy sets.


Analogies in science education can be related to the formation of new conceptual structure and the reconstruction of existed memory of students in learning. This study analysed analogy-related contents included in biology chapters of middle school science textbooks and explored the topics expressed by analogies, types of representation style, and role of analogy. Results of this study were as follows: (1) More functional. pictorial. enriched, and concrete/abstract analogies were included in the science textbooks developed by 6th version of the National Curriculum than those of 5th version: (2) Most of analogies in Science 1 were simple, structural, verbal, and concrete/concrete, while frequencies of enriched, functional, pictorial. and concrete/abstract analogies were increased in Science 2 and Science 3: (3) Small number of analogies were commonly used in almost all kinds of textbooks, but newly developed ones were used in only one kind of textbook: (4) Most analogies took roles as simple and complex memory aids.


The Stroop Test has become very popular and is widely used in the study of attention. Together with the Electroencephalography technique, the Stroop Test allows to explore one's electrophysiological reaction to a moment of conflict or interference. The work presented in this thesis is, in itself, a continuation of a previous study developed in the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and intends to determine whether the detection of interference through a simplified version of the Stroop Test is influenced by one's rightor left-handedness. In this study, 39 volunteers were subjected to a proposed simplified version of the Stroop Test with manual response. The results are based on the analysis of the gathered EEG signals, through the study of the Event-Related Evoked Potentials (ERPs) P300 and N400, and also on the analysis of their behavioural performance. The results show that a significant interference effect is registered, and, although it is not significant, there is, in fact, a relation between the detected interference and the subjects' rightor lefthandedness. In addition, and as expected, the "learning effect"has a distinct influence throughout the whole experience. The analysed ERPs were found to have greater amplitudes when in presence of the Non-Coincident stimulus, mainly in the central-parietal regions of the brain. No differences were found in the ERPs' latencies average values when classified according to the different types of stimuli, which is in accordance with the literature. The difference wave (Non-Coincident ERP Coincident ERP) was found to be positive within the time-interval around 400 ms, and negative around 500 ms. The difference wave was also found to be negative within the timeinterval around 600 ms, which suggests that further studies with other ERPs (such as P500 and N600) are relevant. In conclusion, taking in consideration that it was not necessary to perform several training sessions, the results show that the proposed simplified version of the Stroop Test may become a standard in clinical practice, since all the volunteers were able to reach the necessary speed and precision while carrying out the required tasks.


Background: Moral sensitivity is a core element for decision-making among nurses. It is necessary to understand the existing levels of moral sensitivity among health professionals using validated instruments. The Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ) is developed within the context of Western culture and there is no prior testing among Arab nurses. Materials and Methods: This study explored the psychometric properties of Arabic-translated version of the MSQ among a sample of 338 Saudi nursing students. Pilot testing of the Arabic version revealed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.73. Results: The questionnaire has a good internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 and item-total correlation values ranging from 0.19 to 0.44. A 7-factor structure was illustrated by exploratory factor analysis. Conclusions: The questionnaire showed strong psychometric properties among the study individuals. Assessment of moral sensitivity among Arab nurses using this translated questionnaire is recommended for ensuring professional ethical conduct.


Current key initiatives in deep-space optical communications are treated in terms of historical context, contemporary trends, and prospects for the future. An architectural perspective focusing on high-level drivers, systems, and related operations concepts is provided. Detailed subsystem and component topics are not addressed. A brief overview of past ideas and architectural concepts sets the stage for current developments. Current requirements that might drive a transition from radio frequencies to optical communications are examined. These drivers include mission demand for data rates and/or data volumes; spectrum to accommodate such data rates; and desired power, mass, and cost benefits. As is typical, benefits come with associated challenges. For optical communications, these include atmospheric effects, link availability, pointing, and background light. The paper describes how NASA's Space Communication and Navigation Office will respond to the drivers, achieve the benefits, and mitigate the challenges, as documented in its Optical Communications Roadmap. Some nontraditional architectures and operations concepts are advanced in an effort to realize benefits and mitigate challenges as quickly as possible. Radio frequency communications is considered as both a competitor to and a partner with optical communications. The paper concludes with some suggestions for two affordable first steps that can yet evolve into capable architectures that will fulfill the vision inherent in optical communications.


One of American society's enduring debates centers on the immigration and violent crime relationship. This classic debate is revisited using data for individual homicide incidents and census-tract-level homicides in Miami, Florida, and San Antonio, Texas, in the 1980s and 1990s, respectively. The article starts with these two comparative cases because they mirror the immigration influx, Latino growth, and homicide decline seen throughout the country since 1980. These findings are also replicated in an analysis of the immigration and crime influx across the nation using U.S. counties in 2000. In sum, results from comparative cases, different time points, homicide motivations, and individual/community/national levels—and even controlling for Latino regional concentration—are reported. The findings were clear and unequivocal: more immigrants did not mean more homicide, and that outcome held across time and place.


Gamma-ray logging probes are used extensively within the uranium industry to assist with in situ ore-grade estimates by relating count rates to those obtained from model pits. Correction factors are required to accommodate for the differences between field conditions and the model pits, which are often difficult or even impractical to derive empirically. Gamma-ray transport modelling provides the means to better understand how gamma rays are affected by different logging situations. Corrections for casing, water presence and borehole diameter can be calculated for the relevant probe characteristics such as crystal size and composition, low-energy threshold and probe housing (including shielding). An integral part of correcting gamma probe data is the dead-time and Z-effect correction which can be obtained from logging model pits. Modelling has identified the significance of the low-energy threshold of the detector and the effect of the U grades itself on the correction factors. The proposed method for conversion to equivalent uranium is demonstrated by application to data collected at the Angela deposit in the Northern Territory, Australia.


Introduction
Oxygen desaturation is a significant event during bronchoscopy. In this study, it was aimed to identify factors related to oxygen desaturation during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) and Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS).

Materials and Methods
From 16 April 2019 to 14 February 2020, 196 consecutive patients (146 FB and 50 EBUS) undergoing bronchoscopy were evaluated retrospectively. The patients' oxygen saturations were monitored on admission and during the procedure by finger pulse oximetry. Desaturation was defined as saturation below 90%. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, types of interventions, vitals before and during the procedure, amount of saturation decline, and sedative agents used were recorded. The data obtained were compared between the desaturated and non-desaturated groups in both FB and EBUS. We evaluated the risk factors for desaturation during bronchoscopic procedures.

Result
The mean age of those who underwent FB was higher (62 [52-68] years vs. 55 [44-65] years, p= 0.05), and males were more frequent (54%, vs 19.2%, p<0.001) in the desaturated group. In FB, short lavage was more frequent in the non-desaturated group (28.8% vs. 9.5%, p<0.001). In EBUS, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases were higher, and duration of procedure was longer (p= 0.02, p= 0.04, p= 0.01 and p<0.001 and p= 0.01, respectively), and SpO2 decline during procedures was higher (11% vs. 1% in FB, 18% vs. 3% in EBUS, p<0.001, each) in the desaturated group.

Conclusions
This study suggested that baseline SpO2 and SpO2 decline during procedures as well as sex, hypertension, and concomitant endocrine - metabolic diseases, duration of procedure were factors associated with desaturation in patients who had undergone FB and EBUS.


One of the methods that has allowed us to explore in a different way our knowledge about teaching practice and education in general has been the biographical-narrative. We consider that the biographical-narrative method leads us to capture that genuine knowledge that a subject constructs from his experience lived in different spaces and times, allowing us to understand the true essence of education. In this work we integrate part our research experience with this method, addressing its contributions in the field of education, the obstacles to its development and its recognition as a different way of generating knowledge.


Abstract In this article the authors focus on how features of a computersupported collaborative learning (CSCL) environment can elicit and support domain-specific reasoning and more specifically historical reasoning. The CSCL environment enables students to collaborate on a historical inquiry task and in writing an argumentative essay. In order to support historical reasoning the authors compared two representational tools: a graphical representation (argumentative diagram) and a linear representation (argument list). As it is assumed that an argumentative diagram can support both cognitive and interaction processes, it was expected that using this tool would result in more qualitative historical reasoning, in the chat as well as in the essay. However, the results of this study did not show a significant difference in the amount of historical reasoning between the two conditions. A possible explanation can be found in the way the students make use of the representational tool while executing the task. The tool does not only function as a cognitive tool that can elicit elaborate activities, but also as a tool through which students communicate.


Changes in weather and climate conditions have consequences on various sectors of life and greatly affect the activities of human life. Therefore we need a system that can detect weather conditions based on cloud images. The method for detecting weather conditions at one time with image processing is a new innovation that appears in current weather modeling. This is driven by the high need of various parties to conduct research in carefully detecting a condition and without having to observe it directly. The research phase included the image of a cloud converted into a gray image, extracted features using Hybrid PCA and LDA, and classification using the Euclidean Distance method. The results of the study to predict bright, cloudy clouds and rain reached an accuracy rate of 94%.


A new approach to the analysis of detailed high-energy experiments leading to multiparticle final states is suggested. We construct several multiparticle variables, i.e., variables whose value depends in each event on all or most of the particles produced in this event. The one-dimensional distributions of such variables offers a clearer distinction betwcen the various models and pictures for multiparticle processes and could conceivably facilitate the discovery of new patterns. (auth)


An ideal helix plasma antenna operating in the UHF band is studied in the paper. By using numerical method FDTD, the relationship between the radiation characteristic of the plasma antenna and the plasma parameters is revealed. The simulation results indicate that, when the plasma frequency is sufficiently higher (at least ten times) than operating frequency and the collision frequency is correspondingly low, the antenna has the same characteristic with the metal one. Moreover, the similarity level of characteristic is direct proportional to plasma frequency and inverse proportional to collision frequency.


As one of the most promising Spintronics applications, MRAM combines the advantages of high writing and reading speed, limitless endurance, and nonvolatility. The integration of MRAM in FPGAs allows the logic circuit to rapidly configure the algorithm, the routing and logic functions, and easily realize the Runtime Reconfiguration (RTR) and multicontext configuration. However, the conventional MRAM technology based on the Field Induced Magnetic Switching (FIMS) writing approach consumes very high power, large circuit surfaces, and produces high disturbance between memory cells. These drawbacks prevent FIMS-MRAM's further development in memory and logic circuit. Thermally Assisted Switching (TAS)-based MRAM is then evaluated to address these issues. In this article, some design techniques, novel computing architecture, and logic components for FPGA logic circuits based on TAS-MRAM technology are presented. By using STMicroelectronics CMOS 90nm technology and a complete TAS-MTJ spice model, some chip characteristic results such as the programming latency (~25ns) and power dissipation (~124pJ) have been calculated or simulated to demonstrate the expected performance of TAS-MRAM-based FPGA logic circuits.


The conjugated tetraacetylenic natural product (S)-18-hydroxyminquartynoic acid (2) is synthesized in five linear steps and 17.7% overall yield from commercially available 1,2,5,6-O-diisopropylidene mannitol. The key step is a one-pot three-component Cadiot-Chodkiewicz reaction affording the tetrayne unit. The oxygen-substituted bromoalkyne 10 was found to react at a much faster rate than the non-oxygen-substituted bromoalkyne 6 in the key step. The undesired symmetric cross-coupling by 10 generates a symmetric tetrayne intermediate, which undergoes a nucleophilic addition by 1 equiv of ethylamine. This side reaction is suppressed by controlling the order and rate of addition of each component and by reducing the amount of ethylamine.


Gordon Matta-Clark was an artist that used actual buildings as his objets of art in the 1960s and 1970s and has been talked about in the world of art until recently. The purposes of this study were to examine his life and the changing process of his aesthetics with a focus on "building cuts," one of his representative concepts, compare and analyze his works with contemporary architectural trends based on them, and propose a new viewpoint on comparative researches on architecture and art from an architectural perspective. The findings were as follows: first, there was a concept of communication between internal and external space sought after in modernism architecture in his early works. Second, there was a trend of inclination toward mobility rather than place contextuality of postmodernism architecture in his creative activities at Anarchitecture. Third, his deconstruction trend of breaking down the spatial techniques of modernism through the interpenetration of streamlined mass into a grid system grew stronger toward the latter period of his creative works. Finally, the study analyzed his works from an architectural perspective and read a direction toward deconstruction architecture based on the understanding of modernism and postmodernism architecture in his works.


The singing is an artistic performance which the singers sing the songs to express and convey the certain feelings.In order to achieve artistic attraction,the singers not only should have a deep understanding on the style or feeling of the songs,but also it requires the singers do some artistic efforts to get this goal.


Determinated the source, quantity and component of methomyl wastewate. Have made a method of treatment of the waste water by oxidization, hydrolysis and dilution aerobic biotrans formation and gotten a good result.


Unusual events observed in hadron and muon experiments and some EAS characteristics, which cannot be explained in the frame of existing theoretical models and approaches are considered. Some ideas about new physical process inclusion at PeV energies are described. A possibility of explanation of all unusual experimental results in the frame of new physics is analyzed. Perspectives to check these new ideas and consequences for experiments at higher energies are discussed.


The use of media device, such as smartphone and tablet, is currently increasing, especially among the youngest because adolescents often feel the necessity to use a media device as a means to construct a social identity and express themselves. For some children, smartphone ownership starts even sooner as young as 7 yrs, according to internet safety experts. (Elena Bozzola et al., 2019) The unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of several other problems, one related to social media. For many people, social media has become a lifeline to the outside world, particularly as they seek ways to stay connected and entertained( Arushi Bidhuri, 2022).Especially Adolescents spend more and more time with their smartphones consulting social media, mainly Facebook, Instagram and Twitter(Elena Bozzola., et.al.,2019).   Researchers discovered that, whether there is physical separation (social-distancing) due to COVID-19, adolescents use social media to connect and support one another. The majority of teens and tweens believe that social media improves social-emotional well-being by increasing congruence.


As theological institutions begin to reach out more to immigrant communities through programs and degrees aimed at these groups, libraries will need to understand how best to serve the research and academic needs of these students. This may mean non-English resources, culturally relevant resources, and staffing changes. The presenter provided basic information and group divided into four smaller discussion groups.


Preface 1. Sex Trafficking: The Global and the Local 2. Shangri-La Revisited 3. Nine to Five 4. Nepali Perspectives on Sex Trafficking: The View from Within 5. Telling Maya's Story: Shaping the Discourse of Sex Trafficking 6. Interventions 7. Strategies for Change References


To assess maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and adherence to the 2020–2025 pregnancy‐specific Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA).This was a retrospective observational study. The study population consisted of women who gave birth to term infants (>37 weeks of gestation). Participants were given the Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ) after birth and asked to recall their dietary intake in the last month of pregnancy. Participants' estimated dietary intakes were then compared to the 2020–2025 DGA which includes specific recommendations for pregnant women.Out of 51 women who completed the DSQ, none consumed the recommended amounts of all surveyed dietary factors. Specifically, only one woman (2%) met the recommended intake of fruits, 11 women (22%) met the recommended intake of calcium, 25 women (49%) exceeded the recommended upper limit for added sugar intake, and none of the women (0%) met the intake of vegetables, whole grains, dairy and fiber.Women in our study did not adhere to the pregnancy‐specific DGA recommendations in the last month of pregnancy. Our findings underscore the need to increase maternal nutritional awareness and education to improve adherence to the DGA.


We define a conductor as a material in which charges are free to move over macroscopic distances—i.e., they can leave their nuclei and move around the material. An insulator is anything else. In an insulator the charge distribution in an atom may change, but the charges do not leave their nuclei. When we consider electrostatics, the case where charges are not moving, this definition has several immediate consequences. 1. There can be no electric field inside a conductor. If there were, it would exert a force on the charges causing them to move. They would adjust until there was no field. 2. There can be no net charge at any point inside a conductor. Gauss's Law would give


To investigate the instantaneous structure of the local reaction zone of the HiCOT (High Temperature Air Combustion Technology) flames, the characteristics of ion current obtained from the non-premixed flames of propane with highly preheated low-oxygen air have been closely examined. Luminous region is seen in the non-premixed flames of propane with highly preheated regular air and in the downstream part of the non-premixed flames of propane with highly preheated low-oxygen air. On the other hand, non-luminous region is seen only in the upstream part of the non-premixed flames of propane with highly preheated low-oxygen air. The ion current fluctuations, obtained from the non-luminous region of the HiCOT flames, look quite similar with those obtained from turbulent premixed flames in the reaction sheet regime. It has been clearly shown from the ion current that homogeneous combustion does not occur but the local reaction zone exists separately from burnt and unburnt gases. The thickness of the local reaction zone in the non-luminous region of HiCOT flames is not broadened but is similar to that of the laminar premixed flames. Thickness of the local reaction zone in the non-premixed flames of propane with highly preheated regular air is estimated approximately twice as much as that in the non-luminous region of the HiCOT flames.


Are the main principles of international water law, as reflected in the Watercourses Convention, sufficiently equipped to motivate States to sustainably manage their freshwater resources? This article suggests that a more pronounced sustainable approach to these principles is desirable. The Sustainable Development Goals might give this 'green' evolution of international water law a further push in the right direction. In this contribution, three elements that could be the focus of this evolution are identified: (i) a sustainable interpretation of the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization of shared watercourses, the no-harm rule and the duty of cooperation; (ii) a commitment to the further development of the ecosystems approach to international water law; and (iii) further emphasis on facilitating public participation in decision making relating to the utilization of international watercourses.


We consider a dilute system of heavy (Brownian) polar molecules dissolved in a solvent of lighter molecules. Using a mass ratio expansion technique, equations of motion for the Brownian particle are obtained which have the form of coupled Langevin equations for the translational and rotational motion. Expressions for the friction coefficients in terms of the molecular properties are also obtained.


SUMMARY TheCDw44glycoprotein was purified from2-3x 10"CD3+ CD4+ CD8- T-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)cells using F10-44-2 monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography, DEAESepharose anion-exchange chromatography, passagedown carboxymethyl (CM)-Sepharose cation-exchange columns, wheatgermlectin affinity chromatography andgel-permeation chromatography. Onelution innon-ionic detergents fromtheDEAE column, twodistinct peaks ofantigen activity wereobtained. TheCDw44glycoprotein ineachpeak was aglycoprotein of85,000 MW, but theaminoacidcomposition ofthepeaks was noticeably different. Carbohydrate compositions showedthateachpeakcontained approximately 30% (w/w)carbohydrate, thecomposition suggesting both0-linked andcomplex N-linked glycans. Modulation studies withtheFIO-44-2 antibody on normalperipheral bloodmononuclear cells (PBMC)demonstrated thattheCDw44 glycoprotein ofTcells consisted ofonefraction that was readily modulated, andtheotherwhichwas resistant tomodulation. Detailed tissue distribution studies forCDw44 wereperformed using the F10-44-2 antibody on frozen sections ofhumantissues. CDw44 hasa restricted tissue distribution, butisfoundonmanyhighly diverse cell types secretory glands, skinepithelial cells).


Abstract: The relationship between the transport of thyroid hormones and that of amino acids was examined by measuring the uptake of amino acids that are characteristic substrates of systems L, A, and N, and the effect of 3,3′,5‐triiodo‐L‐thyronine (T3) on this uptake, in cultured astrocytes. Tryptophan and leucine uptakes were rapid, Na+‐independent, and efficiently inhibited by T3 (half‐inhibition at ∼ 2 μM). Two Na+‐independent L‐like systems (L1 and L2), common to leucine and aromatic amino acids, were characterized kinetically. System L2 had a low affinity for leucine and tryptophan (Km= 0.3–0.9 mM). The high‐affinity system L1 (Km∼ 10 μM for both amino acids) was competitively inhibited by T3 with a Ki of 2–3 μM (close to the T3 transport Km). Several T3 analogues inhibited system L1 and the T3 transport system similarly. Glutamine uptake and α‐(methylamino)isobutyric acid uptake were, respectively, two and 200 times lower than tryptophan and leucine uptakes. T3 had little effect on the uptakes of glutamine and α‐(methylamino)isobutyric acid. The results indicate that the T3 transport system and system L1 are related.


This android application is developed for the visually impaired. It has real-time objection recognition using a camera phone and gives voice output for the recognized object. The application uses a neural network for efficient recognition and quicker response time. The neural networks, similar to the processing of the brain, develop algorithms that can be used to model complex patterns and prediction problems. We have used MobileNets neural network which is used for mobile and embedded vision application.


Data collected from 1968 through 1997 showed a globally synchronous annual increase in soil acidity during the period June through August which was highly correlated with progressively decreasing geomagnetic field strength despite periodic local alterations in electromagnetic activity at the planetary boundary layer. Monthly determinations of soil pH for periods of one or more years at sites in Australia, South America, North America, Scotland, and Germany showed pH values to be consistently and significantly correlated with the monthly average geomagnetic field strength and the auroral electrojet values recorded during the time period covered by the data. Unweighed simple and multiple least squares linear regressions of soil pH on geomagnetic D, H, and Z, and the auroral electrojet gave r2 and p values as high as r2 = 0.9997, p = 0.0000. These relationships were subject to modifications in soil pH by telluric currents and electromagnetic events, such as thunderstorms and accompanying acid rain, occurring at the planetary boundary layer. Short-term variations in electrical conductivity of soil, in situ plant-available soil moisture, availability of soil mineral nutrient elements for plant uptake, soil pH, and the pH of fresh and stored samples of soil diluted 1:5 in water, rainwater, and other solutions, and Rn levels in soil and air were highly correlated with ambient telluric currents and with atmospheric electrical discharges. Decreasing soil pH values were consistently associated with decreased availability of soil mineral nutrients for plant uptake, lower foliar mineral element content in growing plants, and reduced health status, fertility, and productivity of herbivores. Rising pH values were accompanied by increases in available soil mineral nutrient elements and improvements in plant and animal health and productivity.


This paper investigates the extent to which R&D alliance participation affects the performance of newly listed high tech firms. The estimation strategy identifies the impact of R&D alliance through changes on a firm's alliance status. Using longitudinal data on 586 high tech firms that became public over the period 1990-2000, I find evidence suggesting that R&D collaborating firms experience significantly higher profits and enhanced survival, relative to non-R&D collaborating firms. R&D alliance participation raises the return on assets by 3.24% and Tobin's q by 2.83%. The hazard of poor performance and firm failure is attenuated by 10%, on average. The results are generally valid to model and sample specification and control for the potential endogeneity of alliance participation.


When working on mathematical questions, children choose from a range of calculation strategies. Although the National Numeracy Strategy (NNS) advises that different methods are taught for each of the four operations, this research shows that children often find it difficult to choose the most efficient and effective in order to answer the question. This paper reports on the findings from a sample of Year 5 children who were given questions from a QCA paper and it examines the range of strategies used by them.


ABSTRACT Progress with revision of the genus Lycophidion is summarised. There appear to be 15 or 16 species and a total of 21 forms. On the basis of a phenetic analysis, four species groups are recognised, the most primitive being the L. irroratum group including four forest species, while the most advanced and successful is the L. capense group inhabiting savannas.


The flavour and nutritional quality of UHT processed milk is discussed and suggestions are made for ways of minimizing undesirable changes during heat treatment. UHT treatment of milk using an infusion heater is described, and it is concluded that whole milk processed in this way is a typical directly heated UHT milk.


The system is based on OpenGL 3D graphics library,and it implements virtual walkthrough using 3DS Max building language and Visual C++ exploitation language.And system constructs scene's models by reading 3DS files,and implements scene's browsing arbitrarily by using keyboard and mouse,and also can achieve reduction,amplification,rotation,and other basic function.In addition,through the collision detection technology in the system,the real sense of virtual scene and the immersion of the user are increased.The system uses object-oriented theory.And the exploitation is simple and convenient,and the development is low-cost.The scene has well third dimension and real-time,meeting the users' basic requirements.


Through the analysis of Estanislao del Campo's Fausto rewrit ings, A m a d o Alonso traps the essence of the gauchesco rhetoric. The study makes evident that most o f the corrections pursue not only the adaptat ion to the rural gram mar but also the f luency and the naturalness of the popular poetry. But the exchanges between the standard language and the substandard reveal h o w the urban authors that project in their wr i t ings forms be longing to the oral culture, besides lett ing out some mark of their o w n social pos i t ion , impose a subtle artis tic elaborat ion of the popular poetics. In the tug of war between t w o cultural environments the gauchesco genre exhibits itself as the expression of the class alliance that supports the national auto consti tut ion. CAUCH. Kivislti de Filohgiay su Didaclica. ,,.'18-19, 1995-96/pdgs 401-408 4 0 1


Abstract With the paradigm shift towards Industry 4.0 and digitalisation, manufacturing engineers face several unexplored challenges; in the products for which they are designing production, in the equipment they are designing to realise production systems and in the digitalisation impact on engineering processes. Today's manufacturing system design processes are still based on traditional engineering methods and have difficulties to cope with increased complexity. The aim of this systematic literature review is to explore drivers and barriers to implement digitalisation in engineering processes from a socio-technical perspective. The identified general barriers were cyber security, lack of competence, lack of standards, large investments and resistance to change. For the engineering processes the main drivers were increased product complexity, servitisation, data driven design and engineering productivity, with the main barriers culture, excess amount of data, integration of tools. cyber security and data quality. The study shows the complexity of the challenge, and that it is not only the technology that is the top barrier. Further research is recommended to develop approaches of successful engineering digitalisation implementations.


The computational limitations of enormously large datasets make statistical inference with big data challenging. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach that uses nonuniform subsampled data to derive the pseudo-posterior distribution of the parameters of interest Using the proposed subsampling strategies, we investigate a Jeffery's prior. In addition, we develop a theoretical framework for analyzing the posterior convergence rate of the pseudo-posterior in subsampling, which relaxes the conditions of corresponding theoretical results from sample survey literature. Extensive simulation studies are carried out to confirm the valid estimation and computational efficiency of our proposed method. Finally, we analyze PUMS Data as illustrations of the effectiveness of our approach.


Problem - The challenge investigated in this present study is for a project-based organization to create a well-planned implementation by knowing the current state of the organization and its readi ...


The microcosmic mechanism of ferroelectricity was simulated using the Ising model.Through this,how ferroelectricity's spontaneous polarization and hysteresis loop's shape is affected by temperature,how domain form revolves during polarization transition can be got from the simulation result, which accord the theory's expects very well.These results are all difficult to get from experiments.So through this way,the shortage of laboratory condition can be compensated.


The research aim - to determine 12–13 year old adolescents' expression of moral values in sport and to measure efficiency of the Olympic education. The research sample consisted of 126 pupils. Out of the eight general education schools, participating in a diagnostic research in Lithuania, four schools were randomly selected with 12-13 year old adolescents making the research sample. Each of the four schools had one experimental (E) and one control (C) group. The experimental group had 60 sixth-formers and 66 sixth-formers comprised the control group. The research methods: scientific literature analysis, description of moral values, educational experiment, statistical analysis. The results show that 12-13 year old adolescents in the experimental group were able to better define the essence of moral values as expression of their perception of values is higher, i.e. extensive and very detailed; grew significantly more than that of the control group participants. It was identified that data analysis of the empirical research conducted within a framework of the Olympic education manifested the expression of positive changes when contributing to the development of a moral value system, internalized by 12-13 year old adolescents. Therefore, it is highly important that adolescents' value system would be constantly developed through the search for new ideas, pursuit of effective activity results, and use of the Olympic education. KEYWORDS: Olympic education, adolescents, moral values in sport. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/atee.v1i0.669


Golf balls having a polytrimethylene ether glycol based polymer in one or more layers of a golf ball is disclosed. Polytrimethylene ether glycol polymers, polyether ester elastomers comprising polytrimethylene ether soft segments, polyether comprising polytrimethylene ether soft segments - ester - amide elastomer, and (a) polytrimethylene ether glycol, (b) diisocyanate and (c) diol chain extender or polyurethane and polyurethane prepared by reaction of a diamine chain extenders - are disclosed as being derived from urea.


Ferroelectric domain configurations and other crystal imperfections in tin‐modified PZT ceramics were directly observed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Specimens in both the unpoled and poled conditions were examined. 90° domain walls appear to predominate, and typical examples are given for both cases. The implications of this direct method for development of ferroelectric devices are outlined.


The present invention relates to a method for producing a ssoseu to give smoothly the peculiar odor of meat and meat. The present invention is red pepper powder, syrup in water a predetermined amount, salt. Ginger, garlic, and seasoning material to be mixed with onions, to water a predetermined amount of cinnamon, cloves, licorice, construction of, Angelica, Kiwi, dohyo, walnuts, visas, given the month in the honhan state sukjihwang until reduced by an appropriate amount that was created by mixing the medicine, each characterized.


Genioglossus is the largest upper airway dilator and its dilatory movement can be measured non-invasively with magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. The present study used a novel ultrasound method to assess genioglossus movement in conditions in which ventilatory drive or respiratory mechanics were changed. Methods Twenty healthy subjects (10 males, age 28±5 years [mean ± SD]) lay supine, awake, with the head in a neutral position. Ventilation was monitored with inductance bands. Real-time B-mode ultrasound movies were analysed. We measured genioglossus motion (i) during spontaneous breathing, voluntary targeted breathing (normal tidal volume Vt), and voluntary hyperpnoea (at 1.5Vt and 2 Vt); (ii) during inspiratory flow resistive loading; (iii) with changes in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV). Results Average peak inspiratory displacement of the infero-posterior region of genioglossus was 0.89±0.56 mm; 1.02±0.88 mm; 1.27±0.70 mm respectively for voluntary Vt, and during voluntary hyperpnoea at 1.5Vt and 2Vt. A change in genioglossus motion was observed with increased Vt. During increasing inspiratory resistive loading, the genioglossus displaced less anteriorly (p = 0.005) but more inferiorly (p = 0.027). When lung volume was altered, no significant changes in genioglossus movement were observed (p = 0.115). Conclusion In healthy subjects, we observed non-uniform heterogeneous inspiratory motion within the inferoposterior part of genioglossus during spontaneous quiet breathing with mean peak displacement between 0.5–2 mm, with more displacement in the posterior region than the anterior. This regional heterogeneity disappeared during voluntary targeted breathing. This may be due to different neural drive to genioglossus during voluntary breathing. During inspiratory resistive loading, the observed genioglossus motion may serve to maintain upper airway patency by balancing intraluminal negative pressure with positive pressure generated by upper airway dilatory muscles. In contrast, changes in EELV were not accompanied by major changes in genioglossus motion.


Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) involves not only interaction between people and computers, but also interaction between person and person. Human human interaction interfaces for CSCW systems include human computer interaction. This paper presents a multimedia interface for human human interaction (HHI), which was designed and implemented in SUN SPARC workstations. Based on speech act theory, HHI can support people separated geographically to interact synchronously and asynchronously. In HHI, a lot of application tools are provided for participants during interactions.


out to determine the extent to which material learnt in the classroom in this sphere is applied by students in their field work practice. Since the theoretical foundations according to which professional relationships are taught to Israeli social work students follows tradition in being based on data that have been gathered in North America and Western Europe, it seemed important to us that course content in regard to the subject should be validated in the Israeli setting. To this end a qualitative analysis was undertaken of the responses of Israeli welfare clients treated by students from the School of Social Work at Haifa University. Substantial research has been carried out to determine the efficaciousness of social work education and the extent to which the knowledge acquired in academic studies is actually applied in professional activities in the field (Gingerich, 1984; Grann et al., 1985-6; Joseph and Conrad, 1983; Magill and Werk, 1985; Tolson and Brown, 1981). The issue of client feedback, too, has been widely investigated. The results of studies in this latter area have by and large demonstrated that such self-reports by clients are useful indicators for determining the direction, quality and quantity of service (Grann


Changwon Exhibition Convention Center (CECO) which lies in Changwon city, the hub of shipbuilding, aerospace, robotics, and mechanical industry in Korea and advocating the eco-capital, was established in September 2005 as a joint venture between Gyeongsangnam-do and Changwon city. Since its opening, CECO, a high-tech convention and exhibition facilities, holds about 3,500 events such as conventions, exhibitions, corporate events and various cultural events, and now is trying to develop as a MICE hub for industrial and environmental sectors with the slogan `The Communication Factory`. In order to continuous growth, CECO has to establish a long-term goal and, with this goal, the exhibitions are being held have to be full-scale review. Second, investment on the exhibitions which are coincide with the development policies and objectives of the regional industry and have the potential for future growth should be actively enforced. Third, in terms of conventions, inducing and holding of the conferences, specialized and related industries in the region, should be more active. Fourth, development and continuos cultivation of self-organizing conferences are needed.


This work presents an IPS for web applications that combines anomaly detection, misuse detection, and a prevention module. This approach provides us a solution that produce a number of false positives and false negatives less than traditional solutions. The proposed system is also able to update the misuse and anomaly model according to feedback received by the security manager. Finally, in our system the anomaly model has been specifically designed for web applications. We implemented and experimented our system in a real service company. From the results arises an improvement with respect to other state-of-the-art WEBIDSs.


This is the first authoritative work on the subject of removal of plants and trees from monuments. Growth of plants and trees on monuments and historic buildings is a major problem in several parts of the world, particularly in the tropical and subtropical zones. This growth, which is not only aesthetically undesirable, but is responsible for serious damage if allowed to grow unchecked. Despite the severity of the problem, the information available on the subject is scant and scattered. This work deals exclusively with plant-related problems to buildings and provides a comprehensive account of the various types of growth observed on monuments, the types and mechanisms of decay, and the materials and methodologies for their control. Each chapter is appended with relevant references. Also included are recommendations for conservators and a list of common herbicides for the eradication of plant growth, with names and addresses of some manufacturers and suppliers in India. -- AATA


The present invention discloses a video taken based distributed coordinated scheduling method for wireless sensor network nodes of the plurality of video collaboration, dynamic adaptive scheduling, select an appropriate video sensor nodes to a current video transmission. In this state no intrusion, the system operates in the static scheduling state, according to the scheduling server allocates time the system turns into the semi-activated state; the state after the intrusion occurred, the first group according to the dynamic scheduling, determining intrusion region, other regions remain dormant node , and then based on such algorithm CPNS redundant nodes sleeping, collecting sending node is active, the other nodes into the semi-activated state region. The present invention combines the centralized and distributed scheduling method, the method provides a better solution in a transit node of each video acquisition energy consumption, energy balance, to transport management, the problems, the wireless sensor networks to improve video transmission of rationality and energy balance.


Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by excessive accumulation of cererospinal fluid in the ventricles or cavities of the brain which can lead to increased intrac- ranial pressure. Based on its underlying mechanisms can be classified into communicating and non-communicating or obstructive. Both forms can be either congenital or acquired. Main sing of congenital hydrocephalus is unussualy large head in infant or a child. Acute dil- atation of ventricle is to mainifest with non specific signs and symptoms of increassed in- tracranial pressure. Chronic dilatation has more insidious onset presenting for instance Hak - im-Adams triad, congnitive impairment, gait disturbence, incontinence. Tretman of hidrocephalus is operative.


Dr Pamela Sue Anderson, Reader in Philosophy of Religion, University of Oxford, and Fellow in Philosophy, Regent's Park College, Oxford, U.K. In addition to her M.A. and Dr.Phil. from the University of Oxford, Anderson received an honorary doctorate from Lund University, Sweden (on 29 May 2009), in recognition of her distinctive contribution to the field of philosophy of religion. Anderson has published a large range of essays in philosophy, theology and feminist journals, as well as contributing several significant chapters to a number of recent anthologies and handbooks. Her groundbreaking work is A Feminist Philosophy of Religion: The Rationality and Myths of Religious Belief. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.


Objective: To determine the prevalence of risk and risk factors of CVDs and diabetes among the undergraduate medical students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.
Materials and Methods: 900 students were sampled from nine medical colleges of KPK. A cross-sectional study was completed amid the instructive year of 2019 at Northwest school of medicine (NWSM), Peshawar. The ethical protocol was pursued and purposive and multistage sampling techniques were utilized. Data was collected through a questionnaire based on Framingham risk score for CVDs and Findrisc scale for diabetes risk among undergraduate medical students.
Results: The results showed that 2.3% of undergraduate medical students are at high risk of whereas 12.4% are at moderate risk developing CVDs. 6.3% of students are at high risk while 34% are at moderate risk of developing diabetes. 95% of students have good knowledge of risk factors for developing CVDs and diabetes.
Conclusion: Students are more prone to developing diabetes than cardiovascular diseases which require serious attention. Projects should be initiated to bring awareness about CVD risk factors.


Abstract We develop and investigate an advection–diffusion-settling model of deep-sea mining collector plumes, building on the analysis of midwater plumes in Part 1. In the case of collector plumes, deposition plays a predominant role in controlling the mass of sediment in suspension, and thus on setting the extent of the plume. We first discuss the competition between settling, which leads to deposition, and vertical turbulent diffusion, which stretches the plume vertically and reduces deposition. The time evolution of the concentration at the seabed is found to be a highly nonlinear function of time that depends non-trivially on the ratio of diffusion to settling time scales. This has direct implications for the three extent metrics considered, namely the instantaneous area of the seabed where a deposition rate threshold is exceeded, the furthest distance from the discharge where the plume exceeds a concentration threshold and the volume flux of fluid in the water column that ever exceeds a concentration threshold. Unlike the midwater plume, the particle velocity distribution of the sediment has the greatest influence on the extent metrics. The turbulence levels experienced by the plume also markedly affects its extent. Expected variability of turbulence and particle settling velocity yields orders of magnitude changes in the extent metrics.


Background: Background: Neoantigens are tryptic peptides expressed and presented on MHC-I characteristic for specific tumor mutations. They enable immune surveillance against cancer and may be potential targets for individualized cancer immuno-therapy. Aims: Aims: Here we present neoantigen evaluations from reprocessing de novo Multiple Myeloma patients recruited into the CoMMpass study. Methods: Methods: Whole Exome/Genome Sequencing data as well as RNA-sequencing data was provided by the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation CoMMpass (SM) Longitudinal Study Data was processed with the GNE/Roche neoantigen pipeline applying Mutect/Strelka for mutation calling, RNAseq and hlahd for HLA haplotyping prior to predicting peptide binding affinity and rank using NetMHCpan 4.0. Only strong binding peptides (rank score <0.5) are displayed here and analyzed using the nested-model approach: the baseline model of primary therapy (PI, IMiD, both) was extended by a term for presence of individual neoantigens in a gene (prevalence >=5%) for modeling Progression-free (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) and Number of Progression Events during Observation period. Neoantigens are reported if the Likelihood-Ratio-Test was statistically significant for the Cox PH model or a Poisson regression at the 5% level, or if the AIC was better than the reference model.


Acute traumatic arteriovenous fistulas of the kidney are a common injury resulting either from blunt trauma or penetrating renal wounds. Selective renal angiography is employed for the precise anatomic demonstration of these lesions early in the care of the patient. Angiographic documentation of the spontaneous closure of acute traumatic renal arteriovenous fistulas was obtained in five patients who were managed conservatively and reexamined angiographically one to eight months following injury. This recently acquired understanding of the nat-ural history of the lesion tends to negate the accepted surgical concept of early aggressive action designed to obliterate such lesions before the onset of significant secondary cardiovascular complica-tions. At present it would appear that surgical intervention can safely be held in abeyance to permit a period of clinical observation in many instances. MORDECAI HALPERN, M.D.


Objective: To identify the meaning and impact on their quality of life of having glaucoma and to understand the patients' perception on the different types of treatment (medical or surgical). Methods: Through a qualitative research, focus groups were conducted with patients in clinical treatment (group 1) and patients who underwent glaucoma surgery in both eyes and were without medication (group 2). The responses were analyzed using the technique of content analysis. Results: Fear of blindness and lack of information about the disease were the most cited issues in relation to how it is like to having glaucoma. Medication costs, impact of drops on patients' daily lives and the side effects were the main points discussed in relation to medical treatment. All patients in the surgical group preferred the current situation (without medication) when compared to the need for chronic use of medication. In the two groups, both glaucoma and its treatment had a profound impact on people, not only from a psychological standpoint, but also affecting their daily lives. Patients operated on for glaucoma appear to have less impact on their daily lives, but the concern about the disease persists. Conclusion: We identified the most significant negative aspects of glaucoma and its treatment from patients' perspectives. Confidence in the correct indication of the type of treatment, clinical or surgical, and a solid relationship between the patient the doctor are determining factors for extra peace of mind of patients being treated for glaucoma.


A large consensus now seems to take for granted that the distributions of empirical returns of financial time series are regularly varying, with a tail exponent b close to 3. We develop a battery of new non-parametric and parametric tests to characterize the distributions of empirical returns of moderately large financial time series, with application to 100 years of daily returns of the Dow Jones Industrial Average, to 1 year of 5-min returns of the Nasdaq Composite index and to 17 years of 1-min returns of the Standard & Poor's 500. We propose a parametric representation of the tail of the distributions of returns encompassing both a regularly varying distribution in one limit of the parameters and rapidly varying distributions of the class of the stretched-exponential (SE) and the log-Weibull or Stretched Log-Exponential (SLE) distributions in other limits. Using the method of nested hypothesis testing (Wilks' theorem), we conclude that both the SE distributions and Pareto distributions provide reliable descriptions of the data but are hardly distinguishable for sufficiently high thresholds. Based on the discovery that the SE distribution tends to the Pareto distribution in a certain limit, we demonstrate that Wilks' test of nested hypothesis still works for the non-exactly nested comparison between the SE and Pareto distributions. The SE distribution is found to be significantly better over the whole quantile range but becomes unnecessary beyond the 95% quantiles compared with the Pareto law. Similar conclusions hold for the log-Weibull model with respect to the Pareto distribution, with a noticeable exception concerning the very-high-frequency data. Summing up all the evidence provided by our tests, it seems that the tails ultimately decay slower than any SE but probably faster than power laws with reasonable exponents. Thus, from a practical viewpoint, the log-Weibull model, which provides a smooth interpolation between SE and PD, can be considered as an appropriate approximation of the sample distributions.


This article discusses the method for determing residue of ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, and the progress in the development of residue on vary plants all of the world, and the reductin of their residues during cooking and cold storage, and the transformation of their residues on farm produce.


The invention discloses chemical self-repairing concrete with a chemical trigger function. Microcapsules with the sensitive chemical trigger function to external ions are mixed in concrete, wherein a mass mixing proportion of the concrete is as follows: concrete: microcapsule: water=100:(1-10):(15-50). The invention further discloses a preparation method of a concrete sample. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1), weighing plenty of water, adding an appropriate proportion of chemical trigger microcapsules, stirring until dispersing uniformly; (2), pouring water into a cement stirrer, and adding corresponding mass of cement; (3), stirring cement paste slowly first and then quickly; (4), irrigating a workpiece gradually or step by step after vibrating concrete; (5), drawing after standing for 1hour-2 hours, scraping off concrete slurry overflowing on a mould, and placing for 21 hours-26 hours; and (6), transferring the sample to a concrete standard curing box after dismounting the mould, and curing for 25 days-31 days.


T he overall prevalence of preventable errors during cardiacarrestsandtheirimpactonsurvivalarelargely unknown,limitingeffortstoimprovequalityofcare during theseevents.Toexplore these issues further,wehad physiciansacross4medical subspecialties—hospitalmedicine, emergency medicine, critical care medicine, and cardiovascularmedicine—performastructuredimplicit review toassessqualityofcare in47consecutivecardiacarrestsdue toventricular arrhythmiasamongadults atourhospitalbetween 2005 and 2007.


The present invention provides a stairlift rail section is non-round shape. Wall surface of the rail provides a space portion, the outer surface of the rail, to prevent rotation about the rail axis stairlift vehicle body, characterized in that it does not require additional members to the rail.


In P2P network, the search function of file resources is one of the important reasons for its rapid development. It brings users convenience and is faced with many safety problems as well. This paper presents a P2P file search system based on the RealPeer framework and a P2P system performance test platform is simulated. Using the CL-PKC security authentication mechanism and LDAP, the search system has realized the peer identification and the effective authentication for the file information transferred, and has ensured the integrity and reliability of data. It provides a new solution for the P2P network file search system.


Underwater diving initiates the diving response, an autonomic cardiorespiratory reflex that includes parasympathetically‐mediated bradycardia, a sympathetically‐mediated increase in total peripheral resistance, and apnea. The initial afferent node of the reflex circuitry includes the ventral tip of the medullary dorsal horn (MDH), between the pyramidal decussation and obex. This region is also the location of the central terminations of trigeminal nerves that innervate the nose and external nares. Accordingly, the objective of this research was to compare the pattern of neuronal activation of secondary neurons activated by voluntary diving, as determined by neuronal Fos production, with the central terminations of specific trigeminal nerves that innervate the nose and external nares, as determined by the transganglionic tracer Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA). Sprague‐Dawley rats (N=12) were trained to voluntarily dive through a 5 m underwater maze. Six rats then received bilateral AEN sectioning, while 6 rats received sham surgery. Nine days post‐surgery all rats had 24 dive trials over 2 hours to activate brainstem neurons to produce Fos. Other rats had 1 μl of 100% WGA injected into the anterior ethmoidal nerve (AEN; N=4), the main orbital branch of the infraorbital nerve (ION; N=7), terminal branches of the ION that innervate the nasal region (N=9), or supratrochlear nerve (N=8). Results indicate Fos was primarily located within the ventral tip of the superficial MDH and adjacent paratrigeminal nucleus, between the pyramidal decussation caudally and the obex rostrally. The Fos labeling was heaviest when the area postrema was present, especially when Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus Interpolaris displaces the ventral MDH medially. This pattern of Fos labeling within the MDH was similar in rats both with and without intact AENs. Within the MDH WGA central termination sites showed varying degrees of overlap with the location of Fos‐positive neurons. The AEN WGA labeling had the best overlap with Fos‐positive neurons. The main orbital branch of the ION had extensive WGA labeling throughout the MDH, both ventrally and dorsally, and did partially overlap the MDH Fos labeling. The WGA labeling from both nasal branches of the ION and supratrochlear nerve were located more caudally within the MDH near the pyramidal decussation, thus showing poor overlap with the Fos labeling. We conclude that the AEN, and possibly the ION, provides the anatomical pathway that provides the afferent information necessary to initiate the mammalian diving response. However, in the absence of the AEN, it is not clear whether the ION can actually provide this afferent information.


In the treatment of simulated Reactive Brilliant Red dyestuff by bio_membrane reactor using coal cinder as white rot fungal biofilm supporter,the maximum decolorization rates with fungiA,B(Basidiomycetes)and C were 84%,80% and 95% respectively.The test showed that the types of coinoculum had obvious effects on dyestuff decolorization results.Fungus C was most significantly affected by coinoculum.The decolorization of the actual wastewater from azo dyestuffs production by the bio_membrane reactor using coal cinder as white rot fungal biofilm supporter was mainly completed in the initial stage,while COD was effectively removed in 72 hours. When the initial CODcr in the said wastewater was 6 000mg/L,the removal rate of CODcr reached 98% in 144 hours.


Immediately after the end of World War II Turkey once more became entangled with the interests of the Great Powers. Turkey's strategic importance of having territorial access to the Middle East and powerful nations' attempts to predetermine the political orientation of the Turkish government led to a revitalization of politics by the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and the United States in relation to Ankara. Consequently, the post-war era became a turning point in Soviet-Turkish relations when the friendly relations, founded in the initial years of the Turkish Republic, were replaced with coolness and hidden enmities. The Soviet Union launched a planned "war of nerves" against Turkey by raising territorial claims and using the Armenian SSR and Georgian SSR for its own causes, which gave new impetus to the "Armenian issue" and a launch of campaign on repatriation of Armenians living abroad. It waged an intensive anti-Turkish propaganda in the mass media, and raised the question of revision of the 1936 Montreux Convention regarding the regime of the Turkish Straits with the aim of amending the treaty to its own interests.


Introduction: Fasting is an important ritual in various religions, particularly in Islam. Since Muslims constitute around 24% of the world's population, hence fasting impacts a huge number of people. The purpose of the study is to know about the clinical profile of fasting and nonfasting patients in the Psychiatry Outpatient Department, and the association of the latter group with psychotropic medications. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Outpatient Psychiatry Department during Ramadan, and the participants were selected using a systematic random sampling method. All the cases were interviewed for sociodemographic parameters such as age, gender, residence, occupation, fasting status, diagnosis, medications taken with side effects if any, and reasons for nonfasting. The study was conducted after approval from the institutional ethical committee. The information thus generated was presented in tables as frequencies and percentages. Results: Most of the study population belonged to the age group of 26–45 years (62.5%). Most were female (53%) and married (90%), and 67% had received a primary-level education. Around 59.2% of our patients were nonfasting and 40.8% were fasting. The two most common diagnoses in our study group were major depressive disorder (MDD) (35.82%) and bipolar disorder (20.39%). In fasting patients, MDD (45%) and anxiety-related disorders (31.6%) were the main diagnosis, whereas, in nonfasting patients, major depressive disorder (29.4%), bipolar disorder (28.1%), and psychotic disorders (13.4%) were most common. The frequent doses of medication were the most common cause of nonfasting in 31% followed by side effects of medications in 27.7% of patients. The most common side effects of drugs that led to nonfasting were dry mouth, headache, dizziness, and sedation. Conclusions: As fasting impacts a huge population, as a clinician one must choose drugs with lesser side effects, avoid polypharmacy, and prefer drugs with single or twice daily dosing. This is particularly so as nonfasting is often associated with guilt.


The Brazilian flora, the most diverse in the world, is considered an important source of natural richness. Natural products have long been an exceptional source of therapeutic agents, and still serve as an excellent source for new drug discovery. In the last decades, small organic molecules derived from plants have provided a number of useful anticancer drugs. In Brazil, screening programs have been established as a strategy to identify potentially bioactive substances. Currently, more constituents of plants are being investigated for their anticancer activities. This review shows that Brazil ranks 13th in publications on natural products related to oncology and compares the number of publications among Brazilian institutions. The Federal University of Ceará (UFC) is the 2 Brazilian institution in the number of works in this area. Among the research groups in UFC, it is important to highlight the contributions of the Brazilian National Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LabNOE) in searching for new potential anticancer molecules. This study also describes results of extensive anticancer studies of crude extracts and isolated compounds conducted by the laboratory (LabNOE) in the past years. *Corresponding author: Cláudia Pessoa, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, R. Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127, Caixa Postal 3157, 60430-270, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. firstname.lastname@example.com Screening of Brazilian plants for anticancer activity: An overview


To improve the evaluation method of non-invasive detection of blood glucose by Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT),a method combining the relative variance of OCT signal slope with the relative standard error was presented to evaluate the measurement effect and to obtain the theoretical precision of blood glucose detection.Firstly,the effect of the OCT confocal function on the blood glucose detection and the computing method of the relative error of OCT signal slope were given.Then,the relative variance and standard error of the OCT signal slope via a vivo experiment on 3 New Zealand rabbits were carried out to evaluate the non-invasive detection of blood glucose.Obtained results indicate that the relative variance and standard error of OCT signal slope are(3.7 %)/mmol 0.068,(3.4 %)/mmol 0.026,(0.93 %)/mmol 0.019,respectively,and the theoretical measuring precision of blood glucose detection are ±3.7 mmol,±1.5 mmol and ±4.1 mmol,respectively.It concludes that the the evaluation method of combining the relative variance and standard error of OCT signal slope can greatly improve the theoretical measuring precision of blood glucose detection,and the larger the fitting interval is,the higher the measuring precision is.


Background: Cardiovascular surgery in patients who are Jehovah's Witnesses (JW) poses both technical and ethical challenges because these patients strictly refuse the administration of allogeneic blood. The challenge is particularly great in patients who have co-morbidities or who undergo complex procedures.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and outcomes of 153 consecutive JW patients who underwent cardiovascular surgical procedures between January 2005 and January 2013 at the Parly II Medico- Surgical Centre in Le Chesnay, France. Our first objective was to compare perioperative outcomes (morbidity and mortality) between a group of patients with co-morbidities posing specific challenges in terms of transfusion avoidance and the general JW population operated at our institution during the same period. Our second objective was to compare morbidity and mortality outcomes between patients undergoing simple procedures and those undergoing complex or combined procedures.
Results: Of 153 JW patients operated during the study period, 13 (8.5%) had co-morbidities posing specific challenges in terms of transfusion avoidance and were classified as high-risk patients. Among high-risk patients, mean EuroSCORE was higher (5.23 (range, 0-14) vs. 4.37 (range, 0-16.76); p=0.005) and there was a greater proportion of redo procedures (23% vs. 11.4%; p=0.001). Compared with the control group, the high-risk group had a 2.4-fold longer mean ICU length of stay (6.5 vs. 2.7 days; p=0.001) and a higher perioperative mortality (23% vs. 2.1%; p=0.001). Forty-nine patients (32%) underwent complex procedures, whereas 104 patients (68%) underwent simple procedures involving a single surgical repair. The perioperative complication rate was 20.4% among patients undergoing complex procedures, compared with 11.5% in the control group (p=0.001). Perioperative mortality was 4.08% in the group undergoing complex procedures, compared with 3.85% among patients requiring single-repair procedures (p=0.005). Among patients undergoing redo surgery, mortality rates were 11.1% and 2% in patients who underwent complex and simple procedures, respectively (p=0.001), whereas in patients with a first surgery the corresponding mortality rates were 2.5% and 2.1%, respectively (p=0.005).
Discussion: In our experience, complex cardiovascular surgical procedures can be performed with good outcomes in JW patients who have risk factors in addition to their main surgical pathology or require complex procedures.


In response to Dr. Weber-Matthiesen's Letter UourndofHiStocbemiStry and Cytocbembtry 40:1428, 1992). I wish to point out that simultaneous detection of immunophenotype and hybridization signal can also be achieved by the MAC (morphology antibody chromosomes) technique. As early as I989 we were able to demonstrate this (see Figure 2 in reference 1). However, detailed descriptions of the simultaneous analysis for different kinds of preparations (cytocentrifuge preparations, smears, in situ cell cultures, and sections) have been provided very recently (2) (see Figure 1 in reference 1). MAC is a technique that allows both simultaneous and sequential analysis of cell morphology, immunophenotype, and chromosome/DNA aberrations on a single interphase or mitotic cell (Figure 1) (1-4). The power of the technique lies especially in the study of lineage involvement in hematological malignancies and other neoplasms and in the study of clastogenic-


ONCOCYTOMAS are rare tumors occurring mostly in the parotid gland. Of the 25 reported cases, 20 arose in the parotid gland, two in the submaxillary gland, two in the palate, and one in the larynx (Table). The purpose of this paper is to record an additional case of oncocytoma of the submaxillary salivary gland. Report of a Case A 42-year-old white man had been aware of a nontender, firm mass in the left side of his neck for about eight months. On physical examination a 2×1.5×1 cm nodule was palpable in the submaxillary region, 2 cm anterior to the angle of the mandible. It was not fixed to the skin or to the deep structures of the neck and was thought to be an enlarged lymph node. The nodule was removed easily and the postoperative course was uneventful. Follow-up examination, after eight months, showed no


We consider a semiconductor laser device, where the active region consists of parallel stripes in the longitudinal direction. In the composite cavity model, the stripes are coupled via the transversal modes of the entire compound laser device. By calculating the spatial mode profiles we accurately account for the frequency detuning between the modes as well as for the gain and coupling of the individual modes, which are determined by spatial overlap integrals of the mode profiles. In particular, we show the nonlinear dependence of these quantities on the geometry of the laser device. The temporal dynamics of the composite cavity modes are described by corresponding rate equations. Bifurcation analysis of these rate equations, which are coupled to the spatial mode equations, unravels the dynamics of a twin-stripe laser. We identify different locking regions as well as regions with possibly chaotic dynamics.


Background The condition of non-specific back pain is characterized by high preva- lence, non satisfactory therapeutic options and severe socioeconomic exerciseprograms,educationalmeasures(includingbackschool),ergo- nomic modification of the work environment, mechanical supports (e.g. back belts) as well as multidisciplinary interventions. For two reasons the workplace seems to be a suitable setting for prevention. First, because a number of strong risk factors are associated with working conditions and second, because it allows addressing a large proportionoftheadultpopulation.Againstthisbackgroundtheassess- ment at hand sets out to answer the following questions: Whatistheamountandmethodologicalqualityoftheavailablescientific literatureontheeffectivenessofbackpainpreventionintheworkplace environment? What are effective measures for the prevention of back pain and its consequences in the workplace environment and how ef- fective are they? Is back pain prevention in the workplace environment cost-effective?Isthereaneedformoreresearch?Asprimaryoutcomes for effectiveness the assessment will focus on time lost from work and the frequency and duration of episodes with back pain. The preventive measures assessed belong to the following categories: exercise pro- grams, educational and information measures, multidimensional inter- ventions, back belts, lifting teams and ergonomic interventions. Methods Theassessmentisbasedonasystematicreviewofthepublishedlitera- ture according to the methodological requirements of DAHTA. Proceed- ings of the electronic literature searches are documented in the ap- pendix. In addition references of review articles were searched. Meth- odological quality of publications (systematic reviews, HTA reports) was assessed using the checklists developed by the German Scientific Working Group for Technology Assessment in Health Care (GSWGTAHC) or with the Jadad-Score (controlled trials) respectively. Due to the large number of relevant publications the assessment is mainly based on data reported by systematic reviews and supplemented by the results of newer trials. A separate economic assessment was not performed because of the low amount of available data. An assessment of ethical, legal and social impact was omitted due to resource constraints.


The current economy in our country has motivated people to develop business ideas and promote progress in the knowledge that it is not only a responsibility but of the whole society. For sustainability of resources is necessary that people should perform processes where they can offer goods and / or services to generate revenue for the company as a whole. So the opportunities are everywhere, we must know to look. In this case rightly observed that families adopt a pet for company but different types of jobs do not allow for a correct address, which hinders many times that pets are clean so that they are dwelling within a housing. Given this trend in the country, care and good treatment for pets (dogs), the idea of deploying and implementing a mobile dog grooming, it provides all the services that a pet, allowing their employers have reassured by their hygiene and care. Market research conducted, it was found that there is a 93% interest in using the services of a mobile dog grooming, there is a high degree of acceptance for this service under the conditions that will be bidding. The services offered allow meet customer expectations for quality and timeliness. As a marketing strategy will be used for direct sale, promotion and advertising through different media. For the implementation of this business plan, the estimated initial investment of USD 68.551for the implementation of the Business Plan.


Background The SARS-CoV-2 gold standard detection method is an RT-qPCR with a previous step of viral RNA extraction from the patient sample either by using commercial automatized or manual extraction kits. This RNA extraction step is expensive and time demanding. Objective The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a simple SARS-CoV-2 detection protocol based on a fast and intense sample homogenization followed by direct RT-qPCR. Results 388 nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed in this study. 222 of them tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by the gold standard RNA extraction and RT-qPCR method, while 166 tested negative. 197 of those 222 positive samples were also positive for the homogenization protocol, yielding a sensitivity of 88.74% (95% IC; 83.83 – 92.58). 166 of those negative samples were also negative for the homogenization protocol, so the specificity obtained was 97% (95% IC; 93.11 – 99.01). For Ct values below 30, meaning a viral load of 103 copies/uL, only 4 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples failed for the RNA extraction free method; for that limit of detection, the homogenizer-based method had a sensitivity of 97.92% (95% CI; 96.01 – 99.83). Conclusions Our results show that this fast and cheap homogenization method for the SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-qPCR is a reliable alternative of high sensitivity for potentially infectious SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. This RNA extraction free protocol would help to reduce diagnosis time and cost, and to overcome the RNA extraction kits shortage experienced during COVID-19 pandemic.


Specially designed surface acoustic wave devices may be used to examine the physical characteristics of the surfaces of thin polymer samples. Both cast films and thin film samples may be employed. The devices uniquely offer an opportunity to study: (1) very thin films, (2) surface-segregated materials, (3) the effect of diffusion of vapor into the surface region, and (4) simultaneous measurements of exterior surfaces of laminates. No special sample preparation is required. The Tg, Tm, T(alpha-c), and beta transitions observed agree with values taken with more complex, time-consuming apparatus.


In this work, the parameter identification for systems with scarce measurements is addressed. A linear plant is assumed and its output is assumed to be available only at sporadic instants of time and affected by noise measurement. The identification is carried out estimating the missing outputs in order to construct the regression vector needed by the parameter estimation algorithm and using the available output information not only to update the estimated parameter vector, but also to update the regression vector in order to fasten the convergence of the algorithm. The problem is addressed with an adaptive extended Kalman filter that estimates and correct both the parameters and the regression vector, allowing to improve the convergence speed of the algorithm with respect to other existing ones on the literature as it is shown with several examples.


The present invention, the transfer or film - a method for producing a suitable textile fiber / elastomer composite material for use as an artificial leather substrate when coated. The present invention is to produce an elastomeric composition comprising (a) at least four components (anionically stabilized aqueous polymer dispersion, an acid generating chemical, a cloud point surfactant and foam stabilizer surfactant); ( incorporating b) sufficient gas to liquid mixture to produce a coating of foam; (a c) emitting Awabutsu, was applied to a porous textile fibrous substrate; (d) elastomer on a knitted fibrous substrate until coagulation, heating the foamed fabric; and (e) the obtained composite material, a solidification structure is dried without destroying; comprising the. Composite material obtained is flexible similar to leather has a compressibility and drapability, transfer or film to produce an artificial leather - a suitable surface for coating. The composite material, upholstery in furniture or automotive, can be used as such as clothes. Particular composites produced are also included in the present invention.


As an initial step in our Green Software research, this paper investigates whether software optimization at the application level can help achieve higher energy efficiency and better thermal behavior. We use both direct measurements and modeling to quantify power, energy and temperature for a given software method. The infrastructure includes a new power estimator for multicore systems developed by regressing measurements from a custom-designed suite of microbenchmarks. Using our evaluation methodology on a real-life multicore system, we explore two case studies. In the first one, we use software tuning for improving the scalability and energy-efficiency of a parallel application. The second case study explores the effect of temperature optimization on system-level energy consumption.


BY DESIGN, Klaus Hartmann's Politische Philosophic is a mongrel work, handling its subject matter both historically and systematically. Through brief, yet encyclopedic tours of the themes of individual and sociality, organization of the whole, individualism and social collaterally, forms of government, sovereignty, legitimacy, and the relation between society and state, Hartmann seeks to define the fundamental systematic issues while metatlicoretically reflecting upon the various approaches that have addressed them. In this endeavour, Hartmann provides capsule analyses of innumerable theories, progressively setting in relief his own systematic claims concerning political philosophy. Although Hegel is by no means the centre of discussion, Hartmann's sympathetic critique of the Philosophy of Right underlies the conclusions at which he arrives. Like Hegel before him, Hartmann argues that political philosophy is a normative science conceiving not just the proper institutions of government, but the unity of society and state that politics should encompass as the highest order of freedom, containing and securing all the others. Through a critique of individualist and social reductions of politics, Hartmann attempts to show that although the state may presuppose prepolitical institutions, its legitimacy must lie in the categorical affirmativity of the political novum it itself comprises. This leaves political philosophy with its fundamental task: determining what this novum should be. In view of providing an outline of what is minimally needed, Hartmann points out how government cannot enjoy universal validity if it lacks rule by law, representation, division of powers and constitutionality. However, as Hartmann is quick to admit, though all these features may be necessary, they arc not sufficient conditions of legitimacy. Without a further categorial basis, they can well become mere instruments of conflict resolution. What makes a constitution legitimate, Hartmann declares, is that it establishes the freedoms of the individual, albeit limiting them as necessary for the aims of the state, and determines the organization of political freedom, including the rule of law, democratic representation and division of powers. Although I lartmann himself provides little in the way of an argument to justify the legitimacy of freedom on which his whole conception ultimately rests, he clearly acknowledges that Hegel has sought to deliver just such a justification. This may signify that the Philosophy of Right offers the proper strategy for political philosophy, but it does not mean that I legel has succeeded in executing it. I lartmann


When a disaster occurs, video communication is an effective way to disseminate large quantities of important information. However, video coding standards such as High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) compress entire videos, whatever the contents are; at low bit rates, the quality of significant objects deteriorates. In this paper, an object-based video coding method is proposed to address this problem. The proposed method extracts objects on the basis of visual saliency and temporal correlation between frames. Subsequently, we execute pre-processing which degrades the background quality before encoding the video with HEVC. This method can reduce the bit rate while preserving target object quality. Experimental comparison with HEVC demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed method.