Antisocial behavior that begins in childhood predicts chronic and serious antisocial behavior in adulthood. Antisocial children are impaired in how they perceive, experience, and regulate emotion, particularly fear and sadness, and the neurobiological systems that process aversive emotional information, particularly the stress response systems in the paralimbic system, are compromised. As a result, children may have a difficult temperament, impaired cognitive abilities, or different levels of emotional reactivity. These characteristics, in turn, increase the risk that children have poor social relationships and make decisions that increase the likelihood that their antisocial behavior becomes stable and pervasive. In this article, I clarify the role of emotion impairments in children's antisocial behavior. I also argue that investigating these emotional functions can help identify which children are more likely to persist in behaving antisocially and guide the development of new interventions.


The emerging serverless cloud paradigm, also known as Function as a Service (FaaS), enables auto-scalable cloud services on-demand, but requires complete trust in the surrounding infrastructure. Workloads hosting sensitive data, such as medical records or financial transactions, may not be able to use such cloud services due to these trust assumptions. This paper introduces Diggi, a native secure FaaS runtime for scalable function deployment requiring minimal trust in the underlying hardware/software stack. We demonstrate that Diggi is practical and that it holds comparable performance to conventional FaaS software.


A carrying strap (10) for an implement (20) includes a first shoulder strap (101), a second shoulder strap (102) and a support strap (103, 104) having a belt fastening means (113) having a first side of the carrying strap with a second side the strap connects. The carrying strap (10) is characterized in that the carrying strap (10) further comprises a tether comprises (110) for supporting the weight of the implement, one end of the line (110) on the first shoulder belt (101) is mounted and the other end a lead (110) at or adjacent the strap attachment means (113) is attached to the supporting belts (103), wherein the line (110) during attachment or detachment of the support belt (103) to and from the second shoulder straps (102) simultaneously to the second is attached to shoulder strap (102) or detached therefrom to permit ease of application and / or depositing the strap (10).


The study was carried out during the 2003 in Montecillo, state of Mexico, to determinate the effect of nitrogen (0, 40 and 80 kg N ha–1) and phosphorus (0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5 ha–1) on the crop of sunflower (cv. Victoria) and common bean (cv. Michoacan). With the supply of 80 kg N ha–1 the biomass production and seed yield was increased in a 32% and 35%, respectively, in relation to the control treatment group. When 60 kg P2O5 ha–1 were added, the production on dry matter and seed yield surpassed the control treatment in a 24% and 27% respectively. Although interaction nitrogen x phosphorus was not significant, a positive tendency existed according to the increased levels of nitrogen and phosphorus (80 – 60 – 00), reaching the most values in biomass production (2667.9 g m–2) and seed yield (644.6 g m –2), which surpassed the control treatment in 49% and 50%, respectively.


The article concerns characteristic features of South Bohemia agricultural farms in higher position above the sea level in the district Ceský Krumlov (CK) and Prachatice (PT). As a basis for the analysis a collection of agricultural enterprises was used and the data we have received from the Czech statistical office from the Register of economical subjects according to parameters which we demanded [number of employees, legal form of entrepreneurial firms, production orientation according to sales]. The position above the sea level has been ad joint to the residence of agricultural enterprises from the database of the Czech statistical office - municipal and local statistics. Combination of these data gives more precise characteristics of farms in the region of our interest. Results can be used also for forming selected sets of farms for receiving more precise data so, that the structure of selecting sets will more fit to the structure of existing enterprises.


As social signal processing develops as a field of enquiry and application, there is emerging focus on individual differences in social signaling. My colleagues and I have been particularly interested in social signal processing in depression. Depression has among the highest lifetime prevalence and morbidity of any psychiatric disorder [1]. An understanding of interpersonal mechanisms and accurate, efficient diagnosis and assessment of course and response to treatment are high priorities of national and international efforts. Social signal processing is primed to contribute to these tasks.
 I review previous efforts to characterize social signal processing in depression, the need for longitudinal designs to control for trait emotion, and recent breakthroughs in multimodal measurement of social signaling in depression. In a clinical sample undergoing treatment for depression [2], my colleagues and I used active appearance models (AAM) [3, 4] and speech recognition and prosodic measures [5, 6] to evaluate change over time between symptom severity and social signaling. I report our latest findings as well as new efforts to produce assessment measures that can be implemented efficiently in both research and clinical settings.
 Because AAM approaches must be specifically tuned to lighting, camera, and person characteristics prior to use, their general use is limited. Constrained local models (CLM) are a promising alternative [7, 8]. CLM require no training or adaptation for use with new persons, illumination, or cameras. When coupled with registration-invariant registrations, our initial findings suggest that they can achieve accuracy approaching that of AAMs [9].
 In summary, I review what is known of social signal processing in depression, recent longitudinal research using AAM and prosodic measures of depression severity and partner effects, and prospects for generic approaches using CLM that lend themselves to use in a wider range of research and clinical applications.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that both the processes and outcomes of advocacy can be evaluated in ways that can help with learning and accountability. The paper reviews the literature on evaluating advocacy, with a particular focus on development work, and describes an example of the systematic evaluation of the Business Environment Strengthening in Tanzania-Advocacy Component business advocacy programme in Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach – The evaluation uses a Scientific Realist methodology to give a disaggregated, contextual analysis of advocacy, asking the typically Scientific Realist question: "What works for whom in what circumstances?" Complementary methods are being applied longitudinally over a five-year period and include stakeholder interviews, business surveys, diagnostic tools and learning seminars. Findings – The paper argues that advocacy evaluation is no more complex or difficult than other aspects of development. Rigorous, cost-effective methods can be devel...


The purpose of the paper is to determine the most typical and frequently used orthograms to pay attention to, when teaching Russian as a foreign language in a primary school. Our practical experience of teaching and our observation of the process of learning Russian as a foreign language allows us to state and suggest that schools lack systematic and focused teaching of Russian orthography. Pupils make a lot of mistakes because they do not understand the reason why such mistakes occur, they lack orthographic vigilance, i.e., the ability and skills to determine an orthographically "dangerous place".
Most teachers do not include practices and spelling skills of forming orthographic literacy into the context of their class activities and do not know practices of working on orthograms of different types and origin. It is considered that pupils learn Russian orthography through listening comprehension and through books and, thus, remember and memorize the spelling of different words well enough.
It is believed that the pupil's first step in the creation of a system of exercises to form orthographic literacy is the development of a classification of orthograms that are topical and frequent in teaching Russian as a foreign language in a primary school (forms 6–9).
Similar research was conducted several decades ago, therefore, it is now necessary to develop and determine the methodology as well as technology for conducting an experiment and revealing the currently most typical orthographic and spelling mistakes.
The classification of orthograms has been made with account of a comparative analysis of phonetic, orthographic and graphic systems of the Russian and Latvian languages. For the Latvian audience, it is expedient to single out phonetic and non-phonetic orthograms. Phonetic orthograms are those caused by underdeveloped phonemic awareness, interference of Latvian pronunciation and incorrect articulation of Russian sounds (seven types have been singled out). Non-phonetic orthograms (morphologic and traditional) are true orthograms and their spelling causes difficulties for both Latvian and Russian pupils.
To determine the frequency and quality of mistakes in the Russian language, we have performed a diagnostic assessment.
The data of our practical research can be used in forecasting mistakes of pupils who study Russian as a foreign language, creating a system of monitoring skills and abilities in writing, developing tests and exercises to contribute to the improvement of orthographic literacy of pupils.


Using linear algebra this thesis developed linear regression analysis including analysis of variance, covariance analysis, special experimental designs, linear and fertility adjustments, analysis of experiments at different places and times. The determination of the orthogonal projection, yielding efficient unbiased estimates and playing a dominant role in statistical tests, was extensively considered, in particular by iterative time-saving procedures based on geometrical considerations and on power-series expansions. Subspaces were systematically introduced for levels, for main effects and for interactions. This allowed a general interpretation of orthogonality of classifications. This introduction of subspaces also permitted the simultaneous account of orthogonal polynomia in one or more variables with concurrent classifications. Designs such as balanced and partially balanced incomplete block designs, as lattices and as Latin squares could be characterized by fixed angles between spaces or between physically meaningful subspaces of these effect spaces. The missing-plot technique was developed in a more general and simple form. Finally, estimation and testing problems were discussed for several non-orthogonal classifications, of which one or more had random effects or interactions. This included recovery of inter-block information, and analysis of split- plot designs and series of experiments.


Objective To investigate the influence of Edaravone combined with Nimodipine on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in rats with cerebral ischemia.Methods Ninety rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group,cerebral ischemia group,Edaravone group,Nimodipine group and Edaravone+Nimodipine(EN) group,and each group was divided into the ischemia 12 h,24 h,48 h sub-groups.The cerebral ischemia model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) intraluminal suture method.One h after the moldel made,the rats in each intervention group were intraperitoneal injected Edaravone 3 mg/kg or Nimodipine 2 mg/kg or Edaravone 3 mg/kg+Nimodipine 2 mg/kg,respectively;the normal control group and cerebral ischemia group were intraperitoneal injected normal saline.The rats was sacrificed at specific time points.The expressin of VEGF mRNA in brain tissue was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Compared with normal control group,the expression of VEGF mRNA in brain tissue in cerebral ischemia 24 h,48 h sub-groups of each group were significantly lower(all P0.01),but which in each intervention group were significantly higher than that in the cerebral ischemia group(all P0.01).While,which in EN group was significantly higher than Edaravone group and Nimodipine group respectively(all P0.01).Conclusion Edaravone and Nimodipine can up regulated the expression of VEGF mRNA in ischemia brain tissue,and combination of the two will be better.


The invention provides a method and a system for showing webpage information, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: obtaining operation information for webpage content; searching for preset information matched with the operation information, and showing the preset information for user. By adopting the method and the system of the invention, webpage information can be shown to a user flexibly when the user browsers a webpage or waits for the opening of the webpage, thereby solving the problem of too flat webpage content, mitigating the burden of the user browsing network information and improving the network experience of users.


1,2,4,5-Tetramethyltetrahydrodiarsenine (1), a cyclic diarsine compound, was stirred with styrene and a catalytic amount of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a radical initiator at 80 °C for 8 h in toluene to give a copolymer containing arsenic atoms in the backbone. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) chromatogram of the copolymer showed a single peak. The number-average molecular weight of the copolymer was estimated to be more than 10,000 by GPC analysis (CHCl3, polystyrene standards). The structure of the copolymer was confirmed by the 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. According to the integral ratio of peaks in the 1H-NMR spectrum, the content of 1 in the copolymer was smaller compared to the monomer feed ratio of 1. Radical copolymerization of 1 with methyl methacrylate also provided the corresponding copolymer in the presence of AIBN, whereas copolymerization with vinyl acetate yielded no polymeric material. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3023–3028, 2004


The material collected from the clogged filter element of AMAGB gearbox was analyzed. Compositional analysis carried out using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer attached to the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) revealed that the material is predominantly rich in carbon (C), silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) with small quantities of magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), sulphur (S), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and cadmium (Cd). The laboratory test results are presented in this report.


Bari: Percorsi Laterza ISBN: 8842077216, pp. VIII-179 Price: 18,00 Reviewed by Luca Tateo, Department of Education Sciences, University of Salerno


3D printing is also known as Additive manufacturing (AM) process, where 3D objects are created by laying down into successive layer of material. In 1984, Charles Hull developed the technology of 3D printing from digital data and named the technique as Stereo lithography (STL) in 1986. In this project, create the prototype of Limited Lean Suspension System by using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process in which the CAD model is designed in Catia v5 software and converted to STL format. The STL format is uploaded to FDM printer and works according to the G-code generated. This prototype is to study the kinematic parameters, working principle and in future research. By using Leaning application it will improves the vehicle stability, smooth cornering and fuel efficiency


INTRODUCTION: Premature newborns (PTNB) generally have micronutrient deficiencies. This fact is justified due to low stocks, insufficient diet and increased metabolic needs. Therefore, it is important to supplement with vitamins and minerals in the perinatal period and in the outpatient follow-up of these babies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the supplementation of vitamins and minerals in PTNB, highlighting its risks and benefits. Consider the indication and maintenance of supplements on an outpatient basis during follow-up. METHODS: Integrative review in PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases. For the research, 473 articles were identified in English and Portuguese, published between 2012 and 2020. Of these, 16 articles were selected for the study. RESULTS: The benefit of vitamin A is greatly reduced and further analysis is needed. About vitamin D, most studies have shown that 400IU achieve adequate bone mineralization. Research has shown no significant effect on the use of calcium and phosphorus in preventing osteopenia. Regarding zinc supplementation, the only study found showed an improvement in growth in extremely low birth weight babies with chronic lung disease. However, ESPGHAN and SBP recommend its routine use for preterm in general. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in childhood and is associated with impaired neurodevelopment, so its supplementation is highly recommended. CONCLUSION: PTNB are a risk group for vitamin and mineral deficiency. There are few studies on routine supplementation, so the current recommendations, the SBP and ESPGHAN consensus, should be considered.


This chapter explores E.R. Dodds's work on Neoplatonism, which has been fundamental to the development of Neoplatonic studies over the last one hundred years. The challenge in understanding the Neoplatonists is to understand the remarkable way in which the mystical and the analytical are combined in their thought. In his scholarly work on Neoplatonism, Dodds applied the rigorous methods of traditional classical scholarship to the elucidation of Neoplatonic texts, and in his treatment of Plotinian mysticism, he stressed that for Plotinus, as for Plato, any kind of spiritual experience of a transcendent world comes only after a great deal of study of mathematics and dialectic. Ultimately, the significance of Dodds's work on Neoplatonism lies not only in his publications on Plotinus, Proclus, and other late antique thinkers but also in his network of contacts with European scholars in the field and in his influence on individuals who went on to work on Neoplatonism themselves.


This paper addresses the problem of planning trajectories for multiple cooperative agents along specified paths through a static road network. Vehicle trajectories are coupled through interactions at shared areas, including intersections and road segments. A motion model is presented that includes the combined trajectories of all vehicles. The trajectories are optimized for travel time by solving a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) that incorporates constraints to ensure collision avoidance. To improve the computation time of solving the MILP, two model modifications are introduced related to interactions: 1) The use of binary variables is reduced by grouping them at targeted travel times. 2) The relative travel order of interacting vehicles is constrained, guided by a heuristic solver. To further reduce computation time, an iterative method solves a sequence of smaller MILPs by targeting essential vehicle interactions with an algorithm that predicts interactions. Experiments are run on a simulated road network based on a real surface mine and haul truck trips. The proposed MILP methods are shown to significantly reduce solution costs compared to a reactive approach based on common driving practices. The MILP modifications significantly reduce computation time, trading off marginal solution quality. The reduction is extended by the iterative MILP scheme without degradation of solution quality.


Primers R16mF2/R16mR1 and rp(Ⅱ)F1/rp(Ⅱ)R1 were used to amplify phytoplasma DNA from infected pigeon pea samples,then the amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced. The 16S rDNA (1 430 bp) and rp gene (1 170 bp) were amplified from infected pigeon pea. Homology analysis and phylogenetic tree showed that Hainan pigeon pea witches'-broom phytoplasma belonged to the 16S rⅡ group,ⅲ subgroup. Pigeon pea witches'-broom phytoplasma was firstly identified by molecular biotechnology and confirmed its taxonomic status in Hainan,it provided a theoretical basis for research on the epidemiology and control of the disease.


The Lennard-Jones potential for an atom inside a conducting spherical cavity is derived. The interest is in possible anomalous effects near the focal point of a cavity viewed as a spherical mirror. We find a smooth dependence of the potential on the distance of the atom from the surface of the cavity. 1 Plane Mirror and the C3 coefficient Let us consider first a plane mirror, assumed to lie in the x−y plane. We locate a nucleus of charge Z at a distance L on the z axis above the plane. We suppose that there are Z electrons located at coordinates ~ ρi = (ξi, ηi, ζi) relative to the nucleus. The image of the nucleus is at the point (0, 0, −L) and the images of the electrons are located at points (ξi, ηi, −L− ζi). Assuming that the mirror is grounded, Φ(x, y, 0) = 0, the potential at any point can be written as Φ(x, y, z) = Φ0(x, y, z) + ΦI(x, y, z), where Φ0 is the potential of the charges in the absence of the mirror and ΦI is the potential of the image charges introduced to maintain the mirror potential at ground. We have ΦI(x, y, z) = − Z|e| 4π 0 1 √ x2 + y2 + (z + L)2 + ∑ i |e| 4π 0 1 √ (x− ξi) + (y − ηi) + (z + L+ ζi) . (1) The potential energy U = 1 2 ∑


The Tories invented the CPRS, but Labour Ministers first recruited special ‐ or political ‐ advisers to supplement or counterbalance the advice they got from civil servants. Now Margaret Thatcher has abolished the CPRS, but increased the amount of policy advice available to individual Ministers ‐ particularly herself.


This study performed to determine the association between grain yield and yield components in fifty-four selected rice genotypes at F2 populations. Results showed that traits, the panicles per plant (r = 0.751) and filled grains per panicle (r = 0.458) correlated significantly with grain yield, while grain yield was negatively associated with non-filled grains per panicle (-0.297). Path coefficient analysis revealed that grain yield was associated with panicles per plant and filled grains per panicle with the direct effects of 0.691 and 0.568, respectively. The greatest indirect effect belonged to panicle length (0.301) through filled grains per panicle. Stepwise regression analysis showed that 72.1 percent of yield variation could be explained by three characters: the panicles per plant, filled grains per panicle and panicle length. Information obtained in this study revealed that traits, the panicles per plant and filled grains per panicle, could be used as selection criteria for grain yield improvement at segregating populations of rice.


Mobile edge computing (MEC) is an emerging technology to transform the cloud-based computing services into the edge-based ones. Autonomous vehicular network (AVNET), as one of the most promising applications of MEC, can feature edge learning and communication techniques, improving the safety for autonomous vehicles (AVs). This paper focuses on the edge learning in AVNET, where AVs at the edge of the network share model parameters instead of data in a distributed manner, and an aggregator (e.g., a base station) aggregates parameters from AVs and at the end obtains a trained model. Despite promising, security issues, such as data leakage, computing integrity invasion and fault connection in existing edge learning cases are not considered fully. To the best of our knowledge, there lacks an effective scheme simultaneously covering the foregoing security issues. Therefore, we propose \textit{SecEL}, a privacy-preserving, verifiable and fault-tolerant scheme for edge learning in AVNET. First, we leverage the primitive of bivariate polynomial-based secret sharing to encrypt model parameters by one-time padding. Second, we use homomorphic authenticator based on message authentication code to support verifiable computation. Third, we mitigate the computation failure problem caused by fault connection. Last, we simulate and evaluate SecEL in terms of time cost, throughput and classification accuracy. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of SecEL.


586 Background: Black women with breast cancer have the highest breast cancer mortality (BCM) rates of any racial and ethnic group. The higher burden of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in Black women contributes to disparities in BCM, but the extent to which disparate outcomes exist in patients with similar tumor biology is uncertain. The objective of this study was to examine racial differences in disease outcomes and BCM between Black and White patients in a clinical trial population of high-risk TNBC with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods: From 2015-2021, the ECOG-ACRIN EA1131 clinical trial randomized 415 clinical stage II-III TNBC patients with residual disease after NAC to either adjuvant capecitabine or platinum. For this analysis, 366 patients with known self-reported Black or White race and follow-up data were included. The aim of this unplanned exploratory analysis was to examine locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant recurrence (DR), and BCM by race using Kaplan-Meier curves for unadjusted estimates and Cox modeling for adjusted analyses. Results: Racial distribution of the analysis population included 66 (18.0%) Black and 300 (82.0%) White patients. 239 (65.3%) patients presented with clinical stage II and 127 (34.7%) with stage III disease. All patients had residual pathological disease after NAC: 86 (23.5%) stage I, 176 (48.1%) stage II, and 102 (27.9%) stage III (n=2 unknown). Median age was 49 years in Black and 54 years in White patients, p=0.003. Disease presentation, response to chemotherapy, and treatment arm were similar by race. Median follow up was 20 months. 2-year estimated LRR occurred in 31.6% of Black and 18.6% of White patients although this was not statistically significant (p=0.387), and 2-year estimated DR and BCM were similar by race. Estimated 2-year outcomes are outlined. Models adjusted for race, age, stage, grade, treatment arm, and locoregional therapy did not identify race as an independent predictor of LRR, DR, or BCM. Higher pathologic stage was the only consistent independent predictor of recurrent disease or BCM (stage III with HR 6.14 for LRR; HR 5.16 for DR; HR 6.84 for BCM; all p<0.001). Conclusions: In this population of high-risk patients with residual TNBC after NAC with similar tumor biology treated on a clinical trial, there was a trend towards increased LRR in Black patients and similar DR and BCM between Black and White patients at 2 years of follow-up. This suggests that differences in BCM in other breast cancer populations may be at least partially driven by differences in tumor biology. Clinical trial information: NCT02445391 . [Table: see text]


Research in mobile text entry has long focused on speed and input errors during lab studies. However, little is known about how input errors emerge in real-world situations or how users deal with these. We present findings from an in-the-wild study of everyday text entry and discuss their implications for future studies.


The present invention is a composite turbine blower case, jet engine housing ring, an aircraft fuselage frame, the aircraft window frame and the engine compartment, such as a flanged ring for attaching the aircraft engine, the multi-directional to easily conform to the complex curvature on the reinforced fiber preform. The present invention provides a preform strength woven shapes reinforced in multiple directions to an improved for the composite structure is non-axisymmetric as well as essentially is axisymmetric. The present invention, contour woven fabric, biaxial braid, triaxial braid, or a bias fabric portion, and / or central woven reinforced preforms using a composite structure comprising a fabric portion, and a manufacturing method thereof. Preform may include a woven portion three-dimensionally arbitrarily. The different forms of combinations of fabrics, it is possible to produce a preform without cutting or scoop sewing of the individual layers. Elimination of these cutting or rake stitch improves the strength and performance of the structure resulting.


This paper proposes a structure for a position/force hybrid control through network. In the case of most conventional structures, each terminal controller transmits a position/force interactively. Then these terminals calculate acceleration references by themselves. In contrast, our previous research proposed a novel structure for a position/force hybrid control through network. In this approach, a position/force is transmitted from each terminal controller to a central controller. Then, the central controller calculates acceleration references that are feedback to the terminals. This structure makes it possible to achieve mode-based hybrid controls through networks. However, this structure causes measurable steady-state error that is induced by a delay time compensator. To solve this problem, this paper introduces a delay time compensator that does not require a delay model. This compensator is applied to the central controller based hybrid control system. The validity of the proposed controller is confirmed by experiments.


This paper has present ultra-low power RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) tag on plastic foils. The low-power design makes the RFID function easier to implement in flexible transponder. The RFID transponder chip generates 16-bit code and programming in ROM (Read-Only Memory). Digital logic gates were implemented by pseudo-CMOS type and chip processed by lower temperature on a-IGZO (Amorphous-Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide) plastic film. The clock frequency of transponder chip operated at 148.39Hz which consuming only 6.8µW at ultra-low supply voltage of 1V. This plastic chip fabricated on a-IGZO ESL TFTs technology while successfully verified in our display fab and process flow.


Modulated disturbances are often produced by noise sources in rotating machinery such as gears, bearings and fans. Such disturbances carry frequency side-bands, which interact with the main components (such as gear mesh or blade passage frequencies and their harmonics) to influence the perception of sound. Traditional active control schemes tend to attenuate the mean-squared error, while yielding a residual spectrum with more dominant side-band structures that could degrade sound quality. In this paper, we study the side-band phenomenon by applying active control to amplitude or frequency modulated sounds in a duct. An attempt is first made to attenuate these sounds using the conventional FX-LMS algorithm. This algorithm creates a residual noise spectrum where frequency side-bands become more prevalent. Next, the narrowband adaptive noise equalizer (ANE) is employed since it allows independent gain control at each disturbance frequency known a priori, even if they are closely spaced. The ANE algorithm is based on the adaptive notch filter concept, and thus complete cancellation at all disturbance frequencies is also possible. Indeed, superior control of the residual spectral shape is observed. A few areas of research that could make improvements to available algorithms, in the context of modulated noise disturbances, are suggested.


The 1×2 all-fiber magneto-optic switch with the novel optical route is studied for the all-optical networking,by means of the magneto-optic crystal film,the half-wave plate,the polarized beam splitter,the polarized beam combiner,and the high-speed Faraday rotator etc.Some nanosecond pulse generators are designed and fabricated by the avalanche dynatrons,in order to actuate the miniature solenoid in the Faraday rotator.The dimensions and structure layout of the solenoid are designed optimally,while the magnetic field intensity and the self-inductance coefficient are analyzed to enhance the switching-speed of the magneto-optic switch.The performance measurement results state that the rising-time of the nanosecond pulse is 2~5 ns,the pulse width is 6~12 ns,and the pulse amplitude is 30~150 V.For the all-fiber magneto-optic switch,the insertion loss is 1.55 dB,the crosstalk is 23.69 dB,the extinction ratio is-23.69 dB,and the switching-time is 100~400 ns.The switching-time of the all-fiber magneto-optic switch has reached the nanosecond level.


The author's views on the Loess are of some interest: he divides it into four stages of formation, with three intermediate stages of weathering, and considers that these represent the whole of the compound glacial period in eastern Europe, Loess being formed during glaciations and denuded during the interglacials. The book closes with a discussion of the causes of the Ice Age, in which the author reaches the not very surprising but eminently sensible conclusion that nobody knows anything about it. This is indeed one of the major problems of geology as to which we must await the judgment of the future, since all our present knowledge seems to be completelv inadequate to afford any explanation. E. H. R.


THE concept of the period of investment appears to have fallen quite into disfavour with modern economic theory. The reason for this is twofold. Firstly recent controversy on the pure theory of capital has revealed that the concept of investment period, as put forward by Jevons and B6hm-Bawerk, is incapable of exact measurement even under the stationary settings in which it was originally conceived. Some economists, notably Professor Knight, therefore argue for its abandonment on the ground that since it cannot be measured with any high degree of accuracy, its use should be avoided in work pretending to be of a scientific character.2 Secondly it was pointed out that this concept, as originally put forward, is essentially static. It applies only to a stationary society, in which the stock of capital has been fully adjusted to the time preference of the population, so that no further accumulation is taking place, and there is no change in the environment, viz., in the technique of production, population, level of employment, natural resources, etc. Such stationary conditions, however, are far removed from the actual facts in a dynamic world of reality. In a dynamic world of constant changes, the difficulty of any reliable measurement of the investment period is indeed overwhelming. With these limitations in view, the use of this concept has been avoided by many economists. The result is rather unfortunate; for it is apt to happen that the baby is cast away with the bath water. In consequence, there is a tendency to neglect altogether the time element of investment in certain theories of dynamic economics. As a notable example, it was quite overlooked by Lord Keynes in his classic


This presentation will illustrate how program management and science can cooperate to increase our understanding of human languages and algorithms for processing them. In this presentation, I will use the IARPA Babel program as an example. The goal of the Babel Program is to rapidly develop speech recognition capability for keyword search in new languages, working with speech recorded in a variety of conditions and with limited amounts of transcription. The speech data is recorded in native countries and contains variability in speaker demographics and recording conditions. The Program will ultimately address a broad set of languages with a variety of phonotactic, phonological, tonal, morphological, and syntactic characteristics. I will discuss the data resources collected to support the research, the challenges that performers have faced when working with a variety of languages collected in realistic environments, the lessons learned, and future directions.


Consider a complex abelian variety X on which a field F acts. Generalizing a construction of A. Weil, one associates to this a subspace W_F of the cohomology of X, which we call the space of Weil classes w.r.t. F. The purpose of this paper is to answer the following two questions: Q1: under what conditions on F does the space W_F contain, or even consist of, Hodge classes?, Q2: if W_F contains Hodge classes, under what conditions on F are these exceptional? In case X is defined over a number field, we also answer the analogous questions for Tate classes.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Pantoprazole in preventing digestive complications of renal allograft recipients. Methods 64 cases of renal allograft recipients were randomized divided into two groups.31 patients(pantoprazole group) had received pantoprazole 40 mg once daily for four weeks and 33 patients(control group) had no received pantoprazole.The digestive complications and bad reaction of pantoprazole were observed for four weeks in both groups.Results The occurrence rate of digestive complications in 1st,2nd,3rd,4th week after kidney transplantation were respectively 122.6%,51.6%,19.4%,3.2% in pantoprazole group and 315.2%,209.1%,103.0%,39.4% in control group.The difference between the two groups was markedly significant(P0.01).The occurrence rate of alimentary tract haemorrhage in pantoprazole group was significantly lower than that in control group(P0.01).Pantoprazole was well tolerated.Conclusion As a safe and efficacious proton pump inhibitor,pantoprazole can reduce the occurrence rate of digestive complications and alimentary tract haemorrhage of renal allograft recipients.


We propose and numerically validate a method to redistribute QAM symbols on the constellation diagram aiming to minimize channel transmission impairment effects. The pre-distortion method is based on the design of digital complex multipliers and it is tested by simulation in a Radioover-Fiber (RoF) system. Assuming different channel responses, ten types of redistributed formats are generated by applying the proposed digital pre-distortion method of data-symbols in the constellation diagram on classical 8-QAM and 16-QAM formats. The robustness of the redistributed modulation formats is evaluated in comparison with classical m-QAM formats in terms of the bit-error-rate (BER), for a transmission distance of 40 and 80 km over uncompensated single-mode fiber links at 1 and 10 Gb/s respectively. It is shown that 8-QAM Offset-π /4 at 80 km with a bit rate of 10 Gb/s attains a gain in log(BER) of 2.3 decades, and improves the reach up to 94.5 km when compared to classical 8-QAM. On the other hand, 16-QAM Offset-π/4 at 40 km achieves a gain of 1.7 decades improving the reach up to 50 km for the same error level having the classical 16-QAM as reference. With these results the future work will enable a methodology to design robust constellations against linear impairments of optical channel.


Brushless DC (BLDC) motor widely used in industrial automation, aerospace, and military appliances. The model specifications and efficiency parameter depending upon its mathematical analysis and design of the BLDC motor are essential to collect the relevant information and related data. The parameter identification is derived by mathematical model via optimisation techniques are Deep Neural Network (DNN) and BAT algorithm. The speed, temperature, current and voltage of BLDC motor are measured using concern sensors with Arduino controller and analysed. The analysed data is monitor and control through the implementation of Internet of things (IOT) using GPRS.


Nowadays the improvement of the hardware of mobile devices, whether it be in processing capacity or the diversity of sensors they possess, make them the ideal platform to develop context aware applications. By obtaining information from the user and the context where he or she is, applications which adapt their performance to the current context and user preferences can be created. User interaction is often necessary where the user modifies the application to establish some parameters or configure the beginning of a new task. This paper introduces the present fields of action of the NFC (Near Field Communication) technology. In the end, the advantages of using NFC are presented and how they help context aware applications allowing the creation of faster and more natural interactions with the system as a result of establishing a new context controlled by the user by only approaching the device to a NFC tag.


Self-assembled peptide nanotubes (PNT) are unique nanoscale objects having a great potential for a multitude of applications. Strong piezoactivity and polar properties in aromatic dipeptides were recently observed in stand-alone nanotubes using piezoresponse force microscopy and 2nd harmonic generation. In this work, we report macroscopic dielectric and polarization vs. field measurements on pressed PNTs before and after annealing at 150 °C. The results corroborate nanoscale study and present a clear evidence of ferroelectric-like behaviour and phase transition in this technologically important material. The dielectric constant of PNT pellets obeys apparent Curie-Weiss (CW) law with the CW constant C ≈ 230 °C and transition temperature at T ≈ 142 °C.


An investigation on the characters of G. kirsutum ×G. aridum F1 indicated that some (the size of collar) of those were parental, Some in-between , and others (calyx teeth number ) transgressive . The study on the chromosome behavior of pollen mother cell during meiosis showed that sterility of the hybrid F1 were mainly due to abnormal pairing of the chromosomes during the metaphase I. which leads to some chromosomes lagging and asymmetrical segregation, the formation of multi-spores and micro-nuclei , theformation of sterile pollen, then thefinal result is hybrid sterile.


A cluster is a collection of data objects that are similar to one another within the same cluster and are dissimilar to the objects in other clusters. Moreover, there will exist more or less similarities among these large amounts of initial cluster results in real life data set. Accordingly, analyzer may have difficulty to implement further analysis if they know nothing about these similarities. Therefore, it is very valuable to analyze these similarities and construct the hierarchy structures of the initial clusters. The traditional cluster methods are unfit for this cluster post-processing problem for their favor of finding the convex cluster result, impractical hypothesis and multiple scans of the data set. Based on multifractal theory, this paper proposes the FCHO (fractal-based cluster hierarchy optimization) algorithm, which integrates the cluster similarity with cluster shape and cluster distribution to construct the cluster hierarchy tree from the disjoint initial clusters. The elementary time-space complexity of the FCHO algorithm is presented. Several comparative experiments using synthetic and real life data set show the


This paper presents a model of an economy in which traders use social capital to reduce transaction costs. A key assumption is that there are two types of social capital: "village" capital relies on personal networks and repeat play to guarantee contracts; "market" capital relies on third parties such as auditors and courts and is necessary for effective market institutions. Village capital is efficient for localized economies; market capital allows trade between strangers and greater specialization. The model shows how complementarity of social capital can prevent a village economy from transitioning to a market economy (industrializing) when market exchange becomes more efficient. The model helps understand persistent differences in wealth between countries and the reversal of economic fortune across countries in the last 500 years.


Our world is getting smaller and smaller. Continuous improvements in transportation and communication make it easier for companies to become involved in international commerce. With the increase in cross-cultural interaction comes the need for both large and small companies to become versed in successful negotiations with the variety of cultures with which it may be exposed. This report is aimed at educating and assisting the reader in the process of cross-cultural negotiations. This report will highlight three areas where companies and/or individuals will need to focus when engaged in cross-cultural negotiations. In the Planning and Preparation stage, the reader is encouraged to "know thyself" when it comes to knowing his or her own goals and preferred style of negotiation. Next, in Examining Cultural Dimensions the reader is invited to "know thy audience." Here, the reader is exposed to different styles of negotiations, characteristics of major global cultures, and enlightened on etiquette at the negotiation table. Finally, in Negotiation Resources, the report steps back to examine the history of cross-cultural negotiations, discuss the use of simulation exercises and education in negotiations, and offer a list of available resources for the reader.


In this paper we deal with the problem of studying some mathematical aspects regarding the polytope of fuzzy measures when the referential set is finite. More concretely, we study whether two extreme points are adjacent; for general polytopes, this is a NP-hard problem. However, for the case of fuzzy measures, we give a necessary and sucient condition for two extreme points to be adjacent. This allows us to prove that it is possible to find out in polynomial time (in the number of minimal subsets) whether two extremes are adjacent. These results can be extended to the polytope given by the convex hull of monotone boolean


When a radar altimeter is used over a rough ground surface, a noise component is added to the output signal. The mean deviation of the noise mainly depends on the range spread of the reflectors located within the antenna beam. The close relationship between noise and range spread can be used to estimate the height of surface roughnesses by low-resolution radar altimetry. Experimental results compare favorably with theoretical predictions.


INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 1. Pharmacokinetics and drug interactions 1.1. Drug metabolism 1.2. CYP enzymes 1.2.1. CYP1A subfamily 1.2.2. CYP2A6 1.2.3. CYP2B6 1.2.4. CYP2C subfamily 1.2.5. CYP2D6 1.2.6. CYP2E1 1.2.7. CYP3A subfamily 1.3. Induction and inhibition of CYP enzymes 1.3.1. Mechanisms of induction 1.3.2. Mechanisms of inhibition 1.4. Drug transporters 2. Pioglitazone 2.1. Pharmacodynamics and clinical use 2.2. Pharmacokinetics and drug interactions 2.3. Adverse eff ects 3. Drugs studied with pioglitazone in vivo 3.1. Rifampicin 3.2. Itraconazole 3.3. Gemfi brozil 3.4. Montelukast and zafi rlukast 3.5. Repaglinide AIMS OF THE STUDY MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. In vitro study (Study I) 1.1. Microsomes and recombinant CYP enzymes 1.2. Incubation conditions 1.3. Pioglitazone metabolism and inhibition experiments 1.4. Determination of IC50 values of CYP2C8 inhibitors 1.5. Determination of pioglitazone and metabolite concentrations 2. In vivo studies (Studies II-V) 2.1. Subjects 6


In aging societies worldwide, spouses take on great responsibility for care when their partner continues to live at home. Nursing home placement occurs when the partner becomes too frail due to multimorbidity, and this will cause a change in the spouse's life. This study aimed to explore the spouse's experience of their partner's move to a nursing home. Two interviews were conducted at 9-month intervals within the project entitled "Implementation of Knowledge-Based Palliative Care in Nursing Homes". Thirteen spouses from both urban and rural areas were included, with an age-range of 60–86 years (median 72). Qualitative content analysis was performed. The main findings were captured in two themes: Breaking up of close coexistence and Towards a new form of daily life. The first encompassed processing loneliness, separation and grief, exhaustion, increased burden, and a sense of guilt. The second encompassed a sense of freedom, relief, acceptance, support and comfort. Professionals in both home care and nursing home care need to develop and provide a support programme conveying knowledge of the transition process to prevent poor quality of life and depression among the spouses. Such a programme should be adaptable to individual needs and should ideally be drawn up in consultation with both partners.


Regarding efficient development of computer graphic animations, lots of techniques for editing or transforming existing motion data have been developed. Basically, the motion transformation techniques follow optimization process. To make the animation be natural, almost all the techniques utilize kinematics and dynamics in constructing constraints for the optimization. Since the kinematic and dynamic structures of virtual characters to be animated are very complex, the most time-consuming part is known to the optimization process. In order to suggest some guide lines to engineers involved in the motion transformation, in this paper, we analyze the computational complexities for typical motion transformation in quantitative manner as well as the possibility for parallel computation.


Objective:To construct macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and coxsackievirus B3(CVB3) VP1 fusion gene adenovirus-vectored vaccine Ad/MDC-VP1,and observe its immunological effects in mice.Methods:Adenovirus and recomb-inant adenovirus Ad/MDC-VP1 were constructed with AdEasy-1 system and fusion protein MDC-VP1 was detected.BALB/c mice were randomly divided into experim-ental group and control group with 18 members in each.Mice were immunized twice by intramuscular injection of Ad/MDC-VP1 and adenovirus,respectively,with a two week's interval between each immunization.The titers of sera CVB3 VP1 IgG antib-ody and neutralizing antibody were detected by ELISA and trace neutralization assay,respectively.Three weeks after the last immunization,the spleen lymphocytes prolife-ration and specific CTL cytotoxic activity were tested.Mice in each group were challenged with lethal dose of CVB3,the titers of sera virus were titrated and the protection efficacy against CVB3 was observed.Results:Ad and recombinant adenovirus Ad/MDC-VP1 were successfully constructed and the fusion protein MDC-VP1 was expressed.Based on a comparison between the two groups,the CVB3 VP1 specific IgG,neutralizing antibody levels and CTL activities of the experimental group were significantly enhanced(P0.01).After virus challenged,sera virus titers of the experimental group were lower while its protection rate was higher (P0.01).Conclusion:Cellular and humoral immune responses in the mice could be significantly enhanced by recombinant adenovirus Ad/MDC-VP1,and the protection rate of the mice after virus challenged could be improved.


The HERA RF-Volume Source is the only source that delivered routinely a H – current of 40 mA without Cs. This current has been improved to 60 mA. For HERA a pulse length of less than 200 µsec is necessary. It was possible to demonstrate a pulse length of 3 msec with the HERA source at DESY in a cooperation with SNS, FNAL and CERN. RF H - sources are now in permanent use for accelerators like HERA or SNS. The reliability of these sources becomes very important. Special techniques for a reliable external RF coupling to the plasma, ignition, filter field, collar transition for extraction and electron dumping have been developed at DESY. The physics of the extraction plasma region was the subject of very detailed investigations with special sets of collars, cones and Langmuir probes.


Molecular Distillation is a special technology in high vacuum environment,which is applied to the separation and purification of a kinds of materials with the features of high boiling point,thermal sensitive and easily oxidized.Molecular Distillation has the characteristics of high vacuum,high distillation temperature,short heating time and high distillation rate.


164Background: SDM may vary by patient and clinical decision. In a randomized trial of physician (MD) educational interventions to improve cancer screening guideline compliance, we studied patient (PT) and MD recall of discussions and factors that affected recall. Methods: In a cluster-randomized trial of educational supports for MDs, we are enrolling an age- (30-89 years) and sex-stratified sample of 216 PTs who underwent a physical examination at 2 urban hospitals, 18 for each of 12 primary care MDs. Screening guideline formatting (color-coding) and academic detailing were randomly assigned in a 2x2 design. Immediate post-encounter surveys recorded PT and MD recall of screening discussions. Results: The first 174 participants were diverse (63% white) and highly educated (77% college degree). PTs and MDs differed in recall of screening discussions, and the differences varied by screening test. When MDs reported a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening discussion, 21% of PTs did not; 20% of MDs disagreed when ...


Select nutrients of three real shellfish, three imitation surimi based shellfish, and two imitation soy based shellfish were measured by gas chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography and AOAC methods. The lipid was extracted, methylated and analyzed on a wide bore capillary column with temperature programming to separate the fatty acid methyl esters. Carbohydrates were analyzed isocratically by high performance liquid chromatography on a polar column. Sodium and potassium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AOAC methods were used to determine percent moisture, protein, and fat. Analysis of variance for the select nutrients showed significant differences among the imitation and real shellfish products (P 0.05) for sodium, potassium, carbohydrate, moisture, fat and protein content. Significant differences were also present in the fatty acid methyl ester analysis. The data suggested that the imitation shellfish products differed significantly in nutrient content from the corresponding real shellfish.


Forecasts of telecommuting and its impacts typically overestimate the adoption of this arrangement. This paper reviews the problems of forecasting a complex solution to social problems, and critically assesses the wide range of forecasting approaches applied to telecommuting and the reasons for the upwards bias. The appeal of the concept, combined with various interests, are among the reasons for the optimistic forecasts. Methodologically, forecasts of telecommuting tend to emphasize technological change while underestimating the social implications that determine the adoption of such technologies. A choice theory is suggested as an alternative approach that can address issues related to human behavior in the context of technological change. The explanatory power of choice models is demonstrated and suggested for future analysis of technologies entailing extensive adaptation for both adopters and institutions.


This Compared with the single-dimensional ecologi-cal footprint evaluation, the three-dimensional ecological footprint evaluation of grass and livestock has the characteristics of categor-ical characterization of natural resource flow occupation and stock consumption status of grass and livestock, and at the same time can reflect the relationship between natural resources and sustain-able development more accurately. In this paper takes the grass-livestock balance relationship as the entry point, based on the eco-logical footprint and ecological carrying capacity, and uses the 3D ecological footprint improvement model to calculate the depth of grass-livestock footprint, the breadth of grass-livestock footprint and the 3D ecological footprint of grass-livestock in the agricul-tural and pastoral areas of each league and city in Inner Mongolia from 2018 to 2020, and then decodes the causes of formation. The results of the simulation experiment show that: at the social level, the more rural population, the larger the grass-livestock ecological footprint; at the economic level, industry accounts for a large pro-portion, there is industrial competition for food, and the grass-live-stock ecological footprint is small; at the natural level, the annual rainfall is more, and the corresponding grass-livestock ecological footprint is small.


The competition among shopping malls is getting increasingly more intense.In order to enhance corporate competitiveness and profitability, how toretain key loyal customers has become an important issue for the managers ofshopping malls. Customer loyalty programs are a universal practice. Thisstudy proposes an analytical model for developing the strategic managementof customer loyalty programs. Based on quality function deployment, ourmodel constructs a fuzzy relational matrix to integrate the customerbenefits and the customer loyalty programs. The results contribute to abetter understanding of the different importance of customer benefits withrespect to ``Utilitarian benefits'', ``Hedonic benefits'' and ``Symbolicbenefits''. The study's findings provide prioritized customer loyaltyprograms, including ``Newest information transmissions,'' ``Communicationservice specialists,'' ``Exclusive free gift promotions,'' and ``VIP loungeservice,'' which can be used to determine the directions for the improvementof shopping malls. The study has implications for the theory andpractitioners. First, it allows the integration of customer benefits incustomer loyalty programs and the consideration of VIP customers inthe programs. Second, the requirement evaluation considering fuzzylinguistic preferences allows for prioritizing the customer loyalty programswhen dealing with uncertainty and vagueness. Finally, this approach helps toobtain more realistic results by integrating fuzzy decision-making into QFD.


Designed a three beams light system on a 500W YAG solid laser welding machine,this system consists of one hard light route and two soft light routes.The hard light route which possesses two three of the total energy is the main light route.The two soft light routes which trans-mit through optical fiber are the facilitated routes,the energy is one third of the total.The three light routes focus on the processing surface and the distance can be regulated,the two soft light routes can automatically turn off and turn on.The laser welding machine of the light system can enhance the quality of the metal welding,in particular,it can offset the partly deficiency which happen during the welding process.


Energy efficiency plays a key role in improving energy access. With high-performing or more efficient appliances, off-grid energy systems providers could be able to serve more off-grid areas, expanding electricity access. However, private companies require accounting for reliable information about the level of energy consumption of newly electrified communities. This data is not always available and increases the risk perception of potential investors looking for customers who consume enough electricity to guarantee the company's revenues. In this paper, we use the case of La Guajira, Colombia, to understand consumer demand and preferences for off-grid appliances and to develop estimates of electricity-consuming appliance ownership. Using cross-sectional data of 1255 rural households, we first identify the appliances driving the monthly electricity consumption. Then, we implement an econometric diffusion analysis to explore the influence of socio-economic factors (i.e. income, electricity access rate, and percentage of rural population) on the ownership of selected appliances. Finally, we estimate the electricity demand savings when energy efficiency improvements are incorporated into selected appliances. Our results indicate that TVs are the most commonly used devices in about 70% of rural households of La Guajira, followed by blenders, fans, and refrigerators. In particular, the level of electricity access and the index of rurality of the community show the highest statistical significance and collectively explain 91% variance in refrigerator ownership. Also, replacing current inefficient light bulbs and refrigerators with high-performing appliances could reduce the monthly electricity consumption of rural households in La Guajira by about 58%. These results provide evidence of the size of the addressable market for off-grid appliances in La Guajira and the need to implement energy efficiency measures for specific appliances. Stimulating refrigerator ownership could serve as a policy measure to maintain levels of energy demand, which could impact companies' revenues, and thus, electrification investments could grow within the unelectrified off-grid areas. Overall, our results are of interest not only to off-grid energy providers seeking to guarantee revenues but also to policymakers working on defining energy efficiency interventions in rural areas as a booster of achieving higher levels of electricity access in developing countries.


In this paper, we consider the existence of traveling wave solutions in a higher dimensional lattice competition-cooperation system with stage structure. We first construct a pair of upper and lower solutions. The upper solutions are allowed to be larger than positive equilibrium point. Then we establish the existence of traveling wave solutions by means of cross iterative and Schauder's fixed point theorem.


Umrah pigrims were met with an unexpected but pleasant shower of rain while performing their prayers at one of Islam's holiest sites, the Kaaba.


HERE are no new fallacies under the sun, any more than there are any new methods of reasoning. Therefore, the Fluxive Fallacy is nothing new. Yet, pointing out the Fluxive Fallacy ) and giving it a name has a distinct advantage g in that it directs one's attention to errors which, without the advantage of a definite name and description, might pass unobserved. By the Fluxive Fallacy, I mean that error which exists when the meaning of a phrase or philosophical position is indefinite, having two or more incompatible interpretations, and when some of the disadvantages inherent in the philosophy can be met by one of the possible interpretations, and other disadvantages by other interpretations. In such a case, once a decision as to the interpretation has been reached, the philosopher must face serious difficulties, but due to the failure to appreciate the dilemma of interpretation, the holder of the philosophy is unaware of the difficulties or considerations which have to be met.


We propose the use of an array of different isotopically enriched detectors for a precise measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS). We show the impact that correlations between systematic uncertainties can have in different applications. Here we focus on testing the quadratic dependence in the number of neutrons of the CEvNS cross section, the determination of the neutron rms radius of target materials, and constraining Non-Standard Interactions. We exemplify our method with germanium based detectors, but the applicability can be extended to other technologies such as silicon and nickel.


Methods of measuring the thickness of ultra-thin DLC film and Si interlayer were investigated by AES,XPS,TEM in present paper.The results of XPS and AES are consistent,but a discrepancy existed between them with TEM.Clearing interface of DLC and Si layers can't be observed in HRTEM image.Furthermore,what led the different measured thickness among above three methods were investigated.


A pallet board for a conveyor line is provided to prevent transformation thereof by comprising a base plate made of a metal or a resin and forming a core material penetrating the base plate. The pallet board for a conveyor line comprises a rectangular base plate(1), a frame member(2), a core material(3), a honeycomb member(4), an upper plate(5) and plural holes(6). The base plate(1) is made of a metal or a resin like FRP. The frame member(2) is adhered to four sides of the base plate(1). The core material connects the frame members. The honeycomb member(4) is filled at outside of the core material(4). The upper plate is covered on the upper surfaces of the frame member(2), the core material(3) and the honeycomb member(4). The holes(6) penetrate from the upper plate(5) to the base plate(1).


In order to solve problems caused by various format of simulation data and complex operation flow on collaborative simulation from different software in the development of virtual prototype technology, this article analyzes and designs the SD&PMS(Simulation Data &Process Management System)frames based on three key capacity of simulation capacity management.They are Simulation organization structure and capacity of information management,simulation nodes plan management and simulation functional process management. The simulation data, relationships and flows were coordinated and optimized from technological and administrative point of view. Finally, the technological frame was verified through the implemental process of the work group level case. The result shows that the SD&PMS can coordinate work relationships and manage data from the simulation of work groups, enhance simulation efficiencies and development quality, which make the engineers break away from vast unimportant repetitive operations.


Ringing effect is one of the most annoying visual artifacts in digital video. It is a significant factor of subjective quality deterioration. However, there is a widely-accepted misunderstanding of its cause. In this paper, we propose a reasonable interpretation of the cause of ringing effect. Based on the interpretation, we suggest further two methods to reduce ringing effect in DCT-based video coding. The methods adaptively adjust quantizers according to video features. Our experiments proved that the methods could efficiently improve subjective quality with acceptable additional computing costs. Keywords—ringing effect, video coding, subjective quality, DCT.


Partial averaging of impulsive hybrid systems. This paper contains the substantiation of the scheme of partial averaging for one class of impulsive hybrid systems where one equation is an impulsive differential equation with Hukuhara derivative and the second one is an impulsive ordinary differential equation.


Volunteers and the services they provide play a significant, but largely unnoticed role in enhancing the quality of life in the United States. The most recent survey of voluntarism conducted by the Bureau of Census for ACTION estimated that more than 37.4 million people volunteered time to some community project during 1974. Wolozin, using a different data base, estimates that volunteers contribute between $25.5 and $26.4 billion to the national economy. Without this large volunteer effort fewer collectively consumed goods would be available, and would cost considerably more. Both the scope and the amount of public services available have been increased through volunteer labor. Weisbrod even argues that voluntarism is an important vehicle through which those receiving less than optimal amounts of collectively consumed goods can increase their consumption. Despite its importance voluntarism has received little attention from economists. Only recently have serious attempts been made to examine this issue, and most of that work has concentrated on the social accounting problems of estimating the number of volunteers and their contribution to the national economy. As a group economists have virtually ignored the decision to volunteer and the issues surrounding it. This study examines the individual's decision to volunteer labor to produce local government services. The focus may appear narrow. However local governments, especially smaller cities, use a great deal of volunteer labor. Indeed for only one service, local fire protection, the National Commission on Fire Protection and Control, in America Burning, estimated that volunteers provide services valued at more than $4.5 billion. This paper includes two major sections. First, the household production model is extended to include the time volunteered to produce a collectively consumed good. The approach used ascribes a high degree of economic motivation to the individual's decision to volunteer. While noneconomic considerations certainly have some impact on those decisions, here they are assumed to play only a minor role.


This chapter discusses populist movements and how they typically depend on the emotional appeal of their platforms in order to achieve electoral success. Populist leaders therefore tend to identify flashpoint issues that resonate with their constituents in terms of the conflict with the discredited elite. Conceptual flashpoints include national sovereignty, which the elite have allegedly compromised; and trade balances, whereby the deficit country is the loser; and tariffs, presented as weapons to punish foreign countries. Institutional flashpoints include the World Trade Organization, regional trade agreements, and the European Union as a special case in the Brexit referendum. Identifiable countries and groups serve to personalize the focus of populist resentment, and represent the third type of flashpoint. Mexico and China have served this function for Trump especially, while immigrants and terrorists play this role in the United States, the European Union, and elsewhere.


At present, chronic intermittent hemofiltration (HF) only plays a minor role in the treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). According to European Dialysis and Transplant Association statistics, 1,761 (1.8%) patients were treated with HF in 1991. However, it is interesting that this form of treatment has been used in as many as twenty European countries (1). The reasons for this reluctant acceptance, are probably less medical than economic and technical. Currently, HF treatment is usually carried out in the postdilution mode; that is, the hernofiltrate is replaced with the same volume after the hemofilter, less any net ultrafiltration required. Assuming that an adequate HF treatment requires a fluid exchange of 40% of body weight, about 28 1 of sterile substitution solution are required per treatment in a 70 kg patient. Using the commercially available prepared solution in plastic bags for this procedure is expensive. It has been possible for a few years to produce the substitution solution in-line, but technically perfected equipment has only recently become available. This inexpensive substitution solution is produced from tap water which passes through a reverse osmosis membrane and special sterile filters fitted with a polyamide membrane; it is produced at the time of replacement, as needed. The substitution solution has such excellent purity that febrile reactions have not been observed during several thousand HF treatments (2, 3). This in-line substitution solution has been examined for pyrogens and subjected to various bacteriological investigations; no contaminants have been found. Furthermore, compared with the normal dialysis fluid, much lower quantities of various trace elements were found (4). The low cost of this substitution solution makes it possible for hernofiltration to be performed in the predilution mode. In predilution HF, the substitution solution is added in front of the hemofilter in quantities even greater than are required in the postdilution mode. The resulting hemodilution leads to the exchange of larger volumes of fluid and to a considerable increase in small molecule clearance (5 ) . HF was, in fact, originally introduced in the predilution mode; the main reasons for developing postdilution HF were economic (6, 7).


This paper describes the first detailed tailored-approach for the preparation of biopolymers comprising chitosan (CTS) grafted onto the backbone of epoxidized natural rubber (CTS-g-ENR). In a typical experiment, appropriate amount of CTS and AlCl3·6H2O was added to a specified amount of ENR50 (ENR with about 50% epoxy content) dissolved in a dual-solvent consisting of 1,4-dioxane and water (97.5:2.5% v/v) and the resulting mixture refluxed with continuous stir- ring for 6 hours. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analysis of a biocomposite, CTS-g-ENR-P1, revealed that its epoxy content is 22.36% which is considerably lower than 44.93% as determined for ENR50-control (ENR50 derivative obtained under similar experimental condition but in the absence of CTS). This means that the grafting of CTS onto the backbone of ENR had occurred. The revelation is affirmed by the presence of the characteristic absorption bands of CTS and ENR, and the appearance of new bands at 1219, 902 and 733 cm -1 in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of CTS-g-ENR-P1. Further evidence that CTS had been successfully grafted onto the backbone of ENR can be deduced and described in this paper from the data obtained by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetric analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis and Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy.


For several decades, scholars have been exploring the factors that influence college students' persistence and retention. Several of the retention theories and models have emphasized the role of sense of purpose and degree commitment in contributing to college students' persistence. For instance, Tinto (1993) noted attrition as a longitudinal and interactional process that is influenced by a number of factors including students' own intentions, goals, commitments, and purpose. Tinto emphasized that students' underlying intentions and overarching purpose directly impact their academic performance, faculty interactions, extracurricular activities, and peer group interactions, which further impact their academic and social integration and hence their decision to persist or withdraw from college. Students' sense of purpose regarding what motivates them, what they want to do, and where they are going, contributes to their lifelong learning, college persistence, career success, and personal development (Chickering, 1994). Empirical studies have also shown that goal commitment and cer tainty of purpose contribute to college students' persistence (Hill, Burrow, & Bronk, 2016). Research has also shown a positive relationship between college students' degree commitment and institutional commitment, important predictors of college persistence (Nora & Cabrera, 1993). Since students' goals, commitment, intentions, and purpose influence their decision to persist during college (Hill et al., 2016; Tinto, 1993), our aim was to explore the relationship between students' sense of purpose and degree commitment. Scholars have defined purpose in multiple ways. Some have referred to purpose as a longterm goal or commitment that people aspire to achieve (Bronk, 2011). Others have conceptualized purpose as an overarching aspiration to make a positive difference in society or contribute to the greater good (Staples & Troutman, 2010). Damon, Menon, and Bronk (2003) defined purpose as "a stable and generalized intention to accomplish something that is at once meaningful to the self and of consequence to the world beyond the self " (p. 121). Based on this definition and empirical work on purpose, Sharma, YukhymenkoLescroart, and Kang (2017) developed the multidimensional Sense of Purpose Scale, which has three subscales: awareness of purpose, awakening to purpose, and altruistic purpose subscales. Awareness of purpose subscale assesses "the extent to which people are currently aware and moving toward fulfillment of their purpose in life" (Sharma et al., 2017, p. 8). Whereas, awakening to purpose subscale assesses the extent to which people are actively engaging


Loss of the superficial zone of articular cartilage is an early change in osteoarthritis and with disease progression the deep zone (DZ) of cartilage shows progressive mineralization. To date, the mechanism(s) regulating post-natal articular cartilage mineralization is poorly understood. Previously, we have shown that inorganic polyphosphate inhibits mineralization of in vitro-formed DZ cartilage. We developed an indirect co-culture method to investigate the effect of superficial zone chondrocytes (SZC) on mineralization in DZ cartilage. Our findings suggest that SZC suppress mineralization by modulating polyphosphate levels in DZ cartilage via FGF-18. Furthermore, SZC promote glycosaminoglycan and collagen accumulation in the extracellular matrix of cartilage formed by DZ chondrocytes. This study provides insight into the interaction between chondrocyte subpopulations and possible mechanism(s) controlling post-natal articular cartilage mineralization. Moreover, the results of this study establish polyphosphate and FGF-18, separately or in combination, as therapeutic candidates for articular cartilage repair and osteoarthritis prevention.%%%%MAST


This paper investigates effects of voltage unbalance and energy losses due to the connection of rooftop photovoltaic systems in a low voltage distribution system of a housing estate, which has light loads during daytime. The paper presents a case study of a real distribution power system of housing estate in Thailand. Voltage unbalance and energy losses were simulated by using system characteristic and load data from GIS database of PEA with the DIgSILENT Power Factory program. The key findings of our analysis are as follows. Firstly, the number of installable 1-phase rooftop PV systems varies directly with load density. Secondly, the number of installed 1-phase rooftop PV systems can be increased if the installation locations are closer to the transformer. For 3-phase rooftop PV systems, their installations do not have any effects on the voltage unbalance. Furthermore, system energy loss relates to the load density and PV system installation locations in the same way as the voltage unbalance. The key implication of our study is that the installation of 1-phase rooftop PV system should be granted based on a careful consideration of the installation location and the load density.


Objective To know the attitude towards homosexuality among university students in Nanjing and to evaluate the effectiveness of peer education intervention on anti-discrimination of homosexuality.Methods A cluster sample of 298 university students were chosen in Nanjing.Interventions were performed through peer education,and data were collected by using self-designed questionnaire before and after the intervention.Results Before the intervention,10.7% university students in Nanjing believed that most of homosexuality were patients infected with HIV.About 41.3% of them believed that homosexuality was abnormal and 43.8% of them held that it was a sort of psychological diseases.After interventions,the figures decreased to 8.4%,30.0% and 28.4%,respectively(P0.05).About 48.5% of university students agreed with homosexuality marriage,and more urban students tended to it(P0.05).Conclusion There is a certain degree of discrimination against homosexuality among university students in Nanjing.The peer education has an immediate effect on the propaganda of anti-discrimination of homosexuality.


The paper outlines the main tendencies in the sphere of modern e-learning in Russia and abroad. The means of informatization are shown, where the focus is given to learning models. The author introduces a term of "blended-learning" and explains the advantages of its use. The paper describes features of blended-learning. Under the university transition to blended-learning the implementation results are predicted in the teaching process. The authors' opinion of how learning packages implemented into LMS Moodle in the work of students of Siberian State Transport University (Novosibirsk) are described. The theoretical base of their development is considered to be a complex approach. At the end of the studying the students' questionnaire is carried out on the feedback of their use.


Synthetic basis function method is a cutting-edge technology in analyzing the scattering problem of arbitrarily complex objects. Compared with the traditional method of moment, it significantly reduces the memory requirements of the system, and is especially suitable for solving problems of periodic structures. In this paper, synthetic basis function method is implemented and verified. Besides, further research indicates that the computational accuracy and cost can't be optimized at the same time, but both of them can be controlled by truncation error.


We report a novel single-crystal-silicon (SCS)-based micromirror that can perform large bi-directional scans and can also generate large piston motion. The micromirror rotates over /spl plusmn/15/spl deg/ at less than 6 V dc voltage, and over /spl plusmn/43/spl deg/ (i.e., >170/spl deg/ optical scan angle) at its resonance of 2.4 kHz. A maximum vertical piston motion of 200 /spl mu/m is also achieved with this 700 /spl mu/m-by-320 /spl mu/m device. A circuit model has been developed for electrothermal behavioral simulation and design optimization. The simulation results using the circuit model match the experimental data to within 8%.


R esuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) was first used during the Korean war as a method for rapid hemorrhage control. Subsequent early attempts faced numerous challenges primarily due to limited catheter technologies and late application during profound shock. With advances in catheter materials and construction, ease of use has increased and complications following REBOA have diminished. Recent studies using modern catheters through 7-French sheaths report vascular complication rates ranging from 0% to 5%. Additionally, contemporary studies suggest that REBOA improves mortality compared with resuscitative thoracotomy in trauma patients with subdiaphragmatic hemorrhagic shock. However, REBOA has not clearly demonstrated benefit in all populations, as Brenner et al. found no benefit when comparing REBOA to resuscitative thoracotomy in patients requiring CPR prehospital or after arrival. Other studies have raised concerns with overzealous REBOA utilization citing the lack of adequate control groups and persistently high mortality. One possible explanation for conflicting data on REBOA's efficacy may lie with the difficulty in identifying the appropriate clinical setting for REBOA (i.e., a pulseless patient who would otherwise undergo resuscitative thoracotomy or a trauma patient in hemorrhagic shock requiring advanced resuscitative measures). Thus far, data analysis, experience, and expert opinion have not yet converged on the optimal indications for REBOA. As a result, usage remains sporadic, with Trauma Quality Improvement Project reporting centers placing REBOA less than 10 times per year on average, and the vast majority (>90%) of Trauma Quality Improvement Project centers not using REBOA at all. Another potential explanation for the lack of widespread implementation and infrequent use of REBOA is individual


Fresh pork loins (n = 15; muscle sections, n = 30; arranged in an incomplete block design) were utilized to evaluate the effects of untreated muscles (0% pump rate), or muscles enhanced with a solution comprising 0.4% sodium tripolyphosphate and 1.0 % sodium chloride at either a 6% or 12% pump rate, and cooked to a 71°C or 82°C end-point internal temperature on meat quality, instrumental texture characteristics, sensory profiles, and consumer acceptance. Loins enhanced at a 12% pump rate had a higher (P < 0.05) pH than untreated loins. While there were no differences in Warner-Bratzler shear force due to cooked temperature, chops enhanced at a 12% pump rate had lower (P < 0.05) shear force values than untreated chops. Additionally, chops enhanced at 6% or 12% pump rates had lower (P < 0.05) razor shear force values than untreated chops. Descriptive sensory analyses revealed chops cooked to 71°C had a more intense (P < 0.05) blood serum flavor than chops cooked to 82°C. Untreated chops had less intense (P < 0.05) pork fat flavor, and more intense (P < 0.05) blood serum, livery, and cardboard or oxidized flavor characteristics than chops enhanced at 6% or 12% pump rates. Additionally, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in metallic intensity between enhanced and untreated chops. Sensory panelists reported chops enhanced at 6% or 12% pump rates to generally be more tender than untreated chops. Consumers reported a higher (P < 0.05) overall acceptability for chops enhanced at 6% or 12% pump rates. Overall acceptance scores were in average 2 points higher for the enhanced chops (mean =7.03) than for the untreated chops (mean =4.94) on the 9-point hedonic scale. Furthermore, both sensory panelists and consumers reported chops enhanced at 6% or 12% pump rates to be similar (P > 0.05) in juiciness characteristics, regardless of end-point temperature. However, untreated chops cooked to 82°C were less juicy (P < 0.05) than untreated chops cooked to 71°C, suggesting retained palatability when enhanced chops are cooked to more abusive temperatures.


The method on determining the content of Sb2O3 in catalyze slurry by spectrophotometry is adopted in condition of using KI Ascorbicacid as the visualization reagent and in 440nm wavelength.The accurate and stable result can be gained.


The choice of electrode for functional electrical stimulation systems is a compromise between selectivity and invasiveness; high selectivity is desirable to obtain maximum functional control, but if the surgical procedure induces too high risk the electrode will not be acceptable for human use. Current literature on peripheral nerve electrodes has focused mainly on extra-neural and intrafascicular electrodes. The current study presents a new interfascicular electrode that could simplify implantation of the electrode because it does not require the nerve to be freed of blood vessels and connective tissue. The electrode was implanted in the sciatic nerve of nine rabbits and was capable of fully activating the tibial and peroneal nerve branches with high selectivity (SI = 0.98±0.02, mean±SD) in all animals. Implantation of the electrode was simple and the interfascicular electrode could be an interesting alternative in applications where freeing the nerve is complicated by blood vessels e.g. the vagal nerve. Further studies are needed to investigate the stability and safety of the electrode in chronic experiments.


The problem of continuing professional development (sometimes capitalised as CPD) of professionals in higher education is that it operates around a series of unresolved tensions: between higher education institutions as major providers for other professionals and as a relatively new provider in terms of its own professional development; between the prestige associated with continuing professional development in the service of research and that accorded to learning and teaching. These problems are compounded by a tendency to regard professional or staff development as comprising only those sorts of activities that are formally recognised. Rather than attempting to resolve these two tensions, the paper argues that problematising our conceptions of continuing professional development can open up space for debate. The paper re‐visits some of the recent history of CPD in order to pinpoint some of the contradictions. This allows new questions to emerge: for example about whether the multiple practices of continuing professional development constitute "domesticating" (Land, 2001) or more critical tendencies within the newly emerging regimes in higher education. The arguments have implications for practising educational developers in meeting the challenges of a broader mandate for CPD, and in recognising the importance of the non‐formal in development practice. The paper takes its examples mostly from an English context, but many of the contradictions highlighted are relevant to other state‐dependent higher education systems.


ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the impact of recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions on criminal investigation techniques related to the use of forensic sciences in the investigation process. This includes a discussion of three particular aspects of scientific technology: (1)the relative significance of testimony based upon the examination of the physical evidence and the eyewitness, (2) the qualifications of the expert witness and (3) the provision of forensic science resources to the defendant. It is suggested that for qualifying a scientist as an expert witness, standards concerning the qualifications established for membership in professional societies should be used as a criteria and legislation requiring minimum qualifications should be considered. It is also proposed that the criminal justice system should provide defendants with equal forensic science services.


To the Editor: Members of The American Geriatrics Society m d the JAGS readership may be interested in obtaining a copy of the special issue of the Mortality Morbidity Weekly Report, the December 17, 1999 (Vol. 481 No. SS-8) Supplement entitled, "Surveillance for Selected Public Health Indicators Affecting Older Adults-United States." The monograph provides a variety of health statistics on causes of death and hospitalization, major chronic conditions, economic burden of morbidity, healthcare expenditures, injuries and violence, preventive care services, health risks, and sensory impairment, activity limitation, and quality of life issues-all as they relate to older adults. Those interested in this monograph may obtain a copy by sending $5.00 to the Massachusetts Medical Society, which publishes and distributes the Mortality Morbidity Weekly Report, at C. S. P. 0. Box 9120, Waltham, MA 02254-9120.


The current study examined the long-term effects of video game violence on aggressiveness and facial expression recognition using multiple measures. In Experiment 1, participants unfamiliar with video games were randomly assigned to play a violent or nonviolent video game for four weeks. Before and after the game play interval, event-related potentials (ERP) evoked by facial expressions were recorded, and aggressiveness was measured with a questionnaire. Results showed that playing a violent video game delayed peak latency of a positive component of the ERP evoked by angry faces and increased aggressiveness among male participants. Experiment 2 included a 3-month follow-up assessment. Results showed preservation of delayed neural activity, while levels of aggressiveness diminished to some extent. These findings highlight differential aspects regarding the long-term effects of playing a violent video game: more enduring for facial expression recognition and short-lived for aggressiveness.


Chemical extraction of soil plant nutrients may change the soil solution and the solid phase concentrations that are expected to occur under field conditions. The objective of this paper was to develop a mathematical procedure to calculate natural concentrations of major soil cations and potassium (K) diffusion parameters likely to occur under field conditions. Analytical information from strontium (Sr) equilibration and a water extract to determine the electrical conductivity were used in the derivation. The cation exchange reactions were described with Gapon's equation. Two basic assumptions were used in the derivations: 1) the selectivity coefficients between cations in the Sr equilibration system and in the natural soil system are equal; 2) the ratios of cations of the same charge in the natural system are equal to the ratios in the Sr equilibration system. Mathematical expressions to calculate concentrations and activities of major soil cations, assumed to be independent of the extraction procedure, were obtained after several iterations. Equations to express K diffusion parameters expected to occur under natural field conditions are proposed


A cross breed Holstein Fresien male calf presented at ICD centre, Gadoora, Ganderbal, J&K with a swelling at mandibular region and leaking out pus contents and was diagnosed to be suffering from Bovine Actinomycosis/Lumpy Jaw/Big Jaw. The animal was treated for seven days and recovered successfully. The incidence of actinomycosis in cattle is higher as they are mainly fed with straw/Hay and ensilage. These kind of rough feeds injure the buccal mucosa of the animal and act as a predisposing factor for the occurrence of the disease. At field level successful treatment of actinomycosis in cattle can be done by parental administration of Penicillin in combination with Streptomycin along with oral administration of Potassium Iodide and daily dressing of wound with 2% Povidone Iodine.


The problem of soil heavy metals (HMs) accumulation from protected
cultivation (PC) needs an urgent solution. 132 soil samples from
typically high-density PC areas were analyzed for accumulation, risk,
and sources of 8 HMs in 16 cities of 8 provinces, China. The soil HMs
accumulation characteristics were prominent; Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As
over-standard (GB 15618-2016) rates reached 15.2, 4.5, 3.0, 27.3, and
2.3%, respectively. The single-factor pollution index indicates that Cd
reached slightly contaminated levels in the whole area, while Cu was at
a slightly contaminated level only in Yunnan Province. The Nemeiro
comprehensive pollution index and the comprehensive quality index
suggested that HMs accumulation were at the slightly contaminated
levels, with Yunnan province being the most affected and Henan followed.
Cu and Zn accumulations are mainly related to frequent input of organic
fertilizer, especially livestock manure's direct return to the field.
Therefore, Cu and Zn showed a strong correlation (P<0.01) with soil
organic material (SOM), and their available amounts linearly correlated
with the extension of planting years in PC. On the contrary, Pb and Cd
amounts are only related (P<0.01) to soil texture, and their main
sources are related to the parent material of soil formation. Moreover,
their available amounts did not correlate with the planting years. Our
results suggest that long-term and unreasonable PC may lead to soil HMs
accumulation. Therefore, appropriate agricultural materials, planting
systems, and fertilization methods must be used to effectively avoid the
risk of excessive HMs accumulation in the PC soils.


Outlier detection is currently very active area of research in data mining. An outlier is a pattern which is dissimilar with respect to the rest of the patterns in dataset. Proposed method for outlier detection uses hybrid approach. Purpose of approach is first to apply the clustering algorithm that is group weighted k-means (GWK-Mean) which partition the dataset into number of groups and second using greedy algorithm for detect outliers. The principal of outliers finding depend on the threshold. Threshold is set by user. Entropy is also used to measure of disorder present in a system. The hybrid approach, two techniques are combined to improve efficiently find the outlier from the dataset. Keywords— Outlier, threshold, entropy, execution time, greedy algorithm, and group weighted k-mean.