According to data of daily average runoff(1988~2008) of Ruoergai hydrological station in the Ruoergai wetland,the runoff variation between years and distribution law within the year of Ruoergai wetland in Heihe River are analyzed by applying moving average method,non-uniformity method,change amplitude and autocorrelation analysis.Daily runoff is fitted and forecasted by using threshold regression model and nearest neighbor bootstrapping regressive model.The research shows that Ruoergai Heihe runoff annual distribution is very uneven and double-peak pattern is shown in variation curve of the year;daily runoff has high dependence in the short term;the annual runoff has obviously decreased trend since 1988;average daily runoff can be effectively forecasted by application of threshold regression model,the nearest neighbor bootstrapping regressive model based on time series analysis.


In this paper,the macro file of parametric modeling is worked out by secondary development language APDL,and the modeling module of involute outer spline is developed by utilizing the UIDL language.The parametric modeling is achieved based on ANSYS,which shortens the modeling time greatly.


Nowadays the profession of certified public accountant in China is in crisis. All society is suspecting its quality. This paper analyses the reason why auditing quality is down and sets forth how to improve it from auditing objective, quality control and professional ethics etc, which make CPA adapt to the development of China, especially after China have been a member of WTO.


AbstractThe present status and future prospects of pressure related osmosis (PRO) for hydroelectric power generation from the most widespread salinity gradients of seawater and river water systems (SW–RW) are analyzed by a theoretical model in terms of the membrane, module, and method. The selected membrane in the model analysis comprises MP # 1 of the highest presently known permeability coefficient (5.81 Lmh/bar) with a projected peak power density of 10 W/m2 at 13 bar. The performance of the referred MP # 1 membrane was ascertained in the context of the closed circuit PRO (CC-PRO) and conventional PRO methods at different HSF (high salinity feed or "draw" solution) to permeate flow ratio (δ), and percent permeate (α) in HSDF (high salinity diluted feed or diluted "draw" solution) with emphasis of the membrane power density (PD) and the net electric power density (NEPD) which takes into account the fraction of power consumed by the auxiliary pumps. The theoretical CC-PRO simulation of a typical SW–RW sa...


Organic UV photodetectors can provide a cheap, durable alternative to current technologies used for applications such as missile detection and arc flash protection. The wide‐bandgap semiconductor poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐alt‐co‐(bithiophene)] (F8T2), combined disproportionately with the fullerene‐derivative [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) in weight ratios of 100:4 and 100:1, comprises the active layers of organic UV photodetectors. The small clusters of PC71BM trap charges, enhancing band bending and charge injection and thus enabling photomultiplication. These clusters also prevent electrons from transporting through the device, helping produce a low dark current. Although devices without an electron transfer layer (ETL) exhibit more efficient photomultiplication, they tend to be unstable. Devices with a F8T2:PC71BM weight ratio of 100:4 and with an ETL demonstrate an external quantum efficiency peaking at 5600%, at 360 nm and −40 V bias, and a low dark current of 2.7 × 10−7 mA cm−2 at −1 V bias. These devices are stable and behave well even under strong biases, which enhance the UV‐selectivity and response speed of the devices.

publisher-specific, author manuscript: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am


The current study focuses on the short-term effect of MARIO, a social robot, on quality of life, depression, and perceived social support in persons with dementia (PWD) and evaluates their acceptability of MARIO. Ten PWD in one nursing home took part in a 4-week pilot study, where each participant had up to 12 sessions with MARIO. Sessions comprised engagement in music, news, reminiscence, games, and calendar applications. Standardized questionnaires were administered before and after the 4-week period. Participants had a sustained interest in MARIO during their interactions and an acceptance of MARIO's appearance, sound, and applications. Consequently, participants spent more time socially engaged. No statistically significant differences were found in quality of life, depression, and perceived social support. PWD can engage with a social robot in a real-world nursing home. Future research should incorporate a larger sample and longer intervention period. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45(7), 36-45.].


U.S. Army Drill Sergeants' Response to Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Recruits by Marin Nikolov MS, University of Phoenix, 2013 BS, Old Dominion University, 2009 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University May 2017 Abstract Even with the repeal of the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" (DADT) policy, the U.S. Army has seen increased cases of sexual harassment; sexual assault; and discrimination of gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) service members by other service members. Despite this trend, few studies have explored the experiences of victims of sexual harassment and sexual assault of GLB recruits before, during, and after the repeal of the DADT policy. Using the bystander effect as the theoretical construct, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences and interactions with a sample of 11 drill sergeants (DSs) who witnessed GLB discrimination in order to gain insight on strategies to prevent sexual harassment and discrimination against GLB recruits. Interview data were inductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Key findings indicate that participants perceived a general support for GLB inclusion into the basic combat training environment, and participants were unaware of the high number of discharges of service members from the U.S. Army during the implementation of the DADT policy. Another important finding is that participants were supportive of GLBEven with the repeal of the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" (DADT) policy, the U.S. Army has seen increased cases of sexual harassment; sexual assault; and discrimination of gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) service members by other service members. Despite this trend, few studies have explored the experiences of victims of sexual harassment and sexual assault of GLB recruits before, during, and after the repeal of the DADT policy. Using the bystander effect as the theoretical construct, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences and interactions with a sample of 11 drill sergeants (DSs) who witnessed GLB discrimination in order to gain insight on strategies to prevent sexual harassment and discrimination against GLB recruits. Interview data were inductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Key findings indicate that participants perceived a general support for GLB inclusion into the basic combat training environment, and participants were unaware of the high number of discharges of service members from the U.S. Army during the implementation of the DADT policy. Another important finding is that participants were supportive of GLB scenario-based training. Finally, the bystander effect was found to be the main reason participants failed to intervene when instances of discriminatory or abusive behavior was observed. Implications for positive social change can be realized in the U.S. Army through promoting awareness of GLB discrimination, its impact, and how DSs can lead the effort in preventing this sort of behavior against the GLB recruits. A key recommendation is for the U.S. Army to explore implementing scenario-based training for all recruits as part of this effort. U.S. Army Drill Sergeants' Response to Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Recruits by Marin Nikolov Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University May 2017 Acknowledgments I wish to thank faculty member Dr. Dedominicis, who is well-versed on issues of U.S. military studies and, in particular, the implications of gender and racial integration within the armed forces. He shared with me his vast knowledge of research tools and strategies. I would also like to thank Dr. Kelsey for his expert guidance in methodology with qualitative studies and his support throughout my dissertation process. His invaluable insight allowed me to navigate a process which would have been more difficult to complete had he not acted as my second committee member.


The factors that will drive the ontogenesis of next generation mobile networks namely are the evolution of the mobile devices and ever incremental demand for data traffic triggered by the proliferation of smart phones and the dongles. Apprehending an exponential growth in numbers of the mobile users, the cell size of the mobile network will shrink. Eventually, there will be an upsurge of signalling messages interchanged between the device and the network due to an increase in handover related operations. Attempt should be made to reduce the interaction with the network and to simplify the mobility and location management related processes. Also to consider is the ever increasing demand for data traffic triggered by the new generation mobile devices. In this paper, we set out a technical architecture of a mobile network to abridge the intricate mobility and location management processes as well as the addressing principle to render more operational efficiency and cater to the needs of the data hungry applications that we envisage for the next generation devices and networks.


T o explore the dialectic between aesthetics and ethics and the point of convergence and divergence between the two is a fraught exercise. The difficulty is further complicated by the lack of consensus in the interpretation of the terms 'aesthetics' and 'ethics.' For instance, the distance between the antimony of Kant's view of morality as a series of imperatives dictated by practical reason which considerably narrowed the scope of morality by confining it to repeated actions and Wi�genstein'saphoristic dictum that "ethics and aesthetics are one," is considerable. However, historically the teleological argument regarding literature and aesthetic appreciation has been predicated on ethics from the time of Plato. This paper is an a�empt to uncover the assumptions regarding the relationship between aesthetics and ethics in the classical period through a comparative study of the aesthetic theories associated with Plato and Aristotle. or state, it is also a movement of coercion. The ruling faculty in the soul and the ruling body in the state do not unify any real differences: the unity Plato has in mind is achieved by suppressing all difference and imperiously positing itself as the constant inner structure of a given type of variety in the physical world. (Habib 35) of essences that the philosopher examines, but some more modest insight about human behavior, one that nonetheless has practical implications for how everyone – ordinary people as well as virtuous persons – manages their emotions in real-life circumstances. (31)


To protect tissue above the area selected at the same time as the radiation for a sufficient period of time to carry out the present invention is a wavelength that can be reached in the region of its depth into the tissue in the area of a certain depth and the desired therapeutic to provide a method and apparatus for treating tissue within the region by applying a relatively low power visible light radiation is selected to cool the upper tissue for. The treatment mechanical, is enhanced by applying an acoustic, or electrical stimulation to the region.


The rectification of the second law of thermodynamics is used to directly relate irreversible heat and work transfers to reversible processes. This permits the construction of thermodynamic functions of state that include entropy contributions due to irreversible processes. A general expression is set up to determine the entropy changes in terms of experimentally accessible parameters when a system is interacting with its surroundings via quasistatic irreversible operations. The procedure is used to determine the entropy changes across a narrow junction in terms of pressure and temperature differences between the system and its surroundings, including cyclic processes.


(Received 26 July 2013; revised manuscript received 19 December 2013; published 8 January 2014) Thedecoherenceofmixedelectron-nuclearspinqubitsisatopicofgreatcurrentimportance,butunderstanding is still lacking: While important decoherence mechanisms for spin qubits arise from quantum spin bath environments with slow decay of correlations, the only analytical framework for explaining observed sharp variations of decoherence times with magnetic field is based on the suppression of classical noise. Here we obtain a general expression for decoherence times of the central spin system which exposes significant differences between quantum-bath decoherence and decoherence by classical field noise. We perform measurements of decoherence times of bismuth donors in natural silicon using both electron spin resonance (ESR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) transitions, and in both cases find excellent agreement with our theory across a wide parameter range. The universality of our expression is also tested by quantitative comparisons with previous measurements of decoherence around "optimal working points" or "clock transitions" where decoherence is strongly suppressed. We further validate our results by comparison to cluster expansion simulations.


Taking the advantage of a novel magnesium phosphate precursor containing Na and Ca, the cementation rate of the cement, including only Mg/Mg–Na–Ca, was studied. Besides, two effective parameters, that is, calcination temperature, 650 °C and 800 °C, and powder-to-cement liquid ratio, 1 and 1.5 g/mL, were assessed. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ion chromatography, particle size analyser, Vicat needle and compression test were used to characterize the powders and obtained cements. The sample containing Mg–Na–Ca, calcined at 800 °C with powder-to-cement liquid ratio of 1.5, obtained the highest compressive strength, 20 MPa, but set fast. To control the kinetics of cementation, the powder containing Mg–Na–Ca calcined at 950 °C with powder-to-cement liquid ratio of 1.5 and 2 g/mL was assessed and the one with 2 g/mL set in 9 min possessing 22 MPa compressive strength was selected as optimal condition to be used as a candidate, injectable bone cement.


Objectives: The role of pleural biopsy in the evaluation of unexplained exudative pleural effusion has been well established. Although repeat pleural biopsy will increase the diagnostic yield in patients ultimately proven to have malignant or tuberculous pleuritis, it will increase the expense and morbidity of patients with nonspecific pleuritis. The identification of patients who should undergo additional diagnostic procedures is a difficult but important clinical problem. The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with nonspecific pleuritis could be distinguished from those with malignant or tuberculous pleuritis by clinical criteria. Methods: The medical records and chest roentgenograms of 93 patients who had pleural tapping and pleural biopsy performed during the five-year period from January 1986 to December 1990 at the department of Internal Medicine, Chung-ang University Hospital were reviewed. Results: The five clinical criteria, ie, fever, weight loss, pleurtitic chest pain, above moderate amount of pleural effusion, lymphocytosis of greater than 90 percent in pleural fluid, were observed significantly more often in the patients who were diagnosed to have either malignant or tuberculous pleuritis. The positive predictive value of the criteria, ie, the probability of the patient having tuberculous or malignant pleural disease, was 89 percent when one criterion was present and increased to 95 percent if two criteria were present. Conclusions: Based on our observations, we recommend the following diagnostic approach to the evaluation of an unexplained exudative pleural effusion. If the initial pleural biopsy reveals nonspecific pleuritis only in a patient without any of the above five criteria, further pleural biopsies are not needed, and the patient is followed up clinically. When two or more criteria are present, an aggressive diagnostic approach including repeat pleural biopsy is recommended.


The initial effect of sulfur mustard on a dividing population of L cells was inhibition of DNA synthesis. The progression of G2 and G1 cells was not immediately affected, so that the result was an accumulation of cells that synthesized DNA slowly. After about 24 hours the cells contained, on the average, the premitotic amount of DNA, but cell division did not occur. This level of DNA was maintained for at least another 60 hours. Cells that had been released from an FUDR block and treated with mustard at or near the time of release exhibited a purely exponential survival curve. If the release was delayed relative to the mustard treatment, survival was enhanced. The survival curve obtained under these conditions was parallel to the former curve but exhibited a shoulder. When a fractionated-dose technique with mustard was used no evidence for repair of sublethal damage was found; rather, the two doses of mustard, separated in time, were more toxic than a single equivalent dose.


The huge advancement of Internet web facilities as well as the progress in computing and algorithm development, along with current innovations regarding high-throughput techniques enables the scientific community to gain access to biological datasets, clinical data, and several databases containing billions of information concerning scientific knowledge. Consequently, during the last decade the system for managing, analyzing, processing and extrapolating information from scientific data has been considerably modified in several fields including the medical one. As a consequence of the mentioned scenario, scientific vocabulary was enriched by novel lexicons such as Machine Learning (ML)/Deep Learning (DL) and overall Artificial Intelligence (AI). Beyond the terminology, these computational techniques are revolutionizing the scientific research in drug discovery pitch, from the preclinical studies to clinical investigation. Interestingly, between preclinical and clinical research, the translational research is benefitting from computer-based approaches, transforming the design and execution of the translational research, resulting in breakthroughs for advancing human health. Accordingly, in this review article, we analyze the most advanced applications of AI in translational medicine, providing an up-to-date outlook regarding this emerging field.


A deep understanding of earthquake physics requires a large amount of numerical simulations on seismic wave propagation and dynamic rupture. However, the corresponding intensive computational expense of simulations at traditional CPU (central processing unit) platforms make related researches time-consuming. There are many mature graphics processing unit (GPU) programs that can dramatically accelerate the calculation of seismic wave propagation. Unfortunately, there are few discussions about GPU implementations for rupture dynamics. In this work, we extend our 3-D curved-grid finite-difference method (CG-FDM) for rupture dynamics to the GPU platform using the CUDA (compute unified device architecture) programming language. By taking advantage of the new features of the NVIDIA Volta architecture, we implement the GPU-based program for rupture dynamics that is not only efficient but also easy to maintain. The GPU-based CG-FDM program is two orders of magnitude faster than our previous serial CPU-based program and still has a considerable advantage compared with the parallel one. The reliability and correctness of the program are carefully examined by the comparisons of the benchmarks from the 'Southern California Earthquake Center/U.S. Geological Survey (SCEC/USGS) Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Code Verification Exercise'. The performance improvements of the GPU-based CG-FDM can save a lot of computing time, allowing researchers to perform much more numerical simulations of rupture dynamics to reveal more details of earthquake physics.


This thesis discusses the interaction of stellar magnetic fields with circumstellar ma terial in a variety of situations. Chapter 2 examines models of young stellar objects where accretion from the surrounding disc is controlled by magnetic loop structures on the star. The models produce outflows at early times which are consistent with those observed for young objects and the resultant torque on the star spins it down on a timescale also consistent with observations. Chapter 3 presents models exam ining the consequences of the magnetic field of the secondary star in Cataclysmic Variables (CVs) for the outburst behaviour of dwarf novae. Resonance phenomena are identified and observational tests suggested along with upper limits for the mag netic fields of the secondaries in SU UMa and U Gem systems. Chapters 4 and 5 examine the general angular momentum evolution of CVs. Simulations of magnetic braking are produced which describe the evolution in different situations. The pro posal of reduced magnetic braking in polar systems is examined. Simulations are carried out which suggest that the addition of a strongly magnetic primary actually increases the rate of angular momentum loss from the binary orbit.


Wild birds are increasingly considered to be important in the global dispersal of tickborne pathogens as they are capable of transporting infected ticks over large distances. To define the role of migrating birds as hosts and disseminators of infected ticks in Lithuania we analysed immature stage of ticks feeding on different passerine bird species. During autumn 2009 and 2010 we screened 3 959 migrating birds at Ventės Ragas ornithological station and found 7.2% birds infested with ticks. The most infested bird species were Erithacus rubecula and Prunela modularis. We used PCR and sequence analyses for detection and identifying of pathogens in ticks collected from migrating birds. Forty eight tick pools (consisting of 487 Ixodes ricinus ticks) were screened for tick-borne pathogens. Borrelia spp. were detected in 9 tick pools, Babesia spp. in 6 tick pools and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in one tick pool. Three Borrelia species were identified: B.garinii, B.afzelii and B.miyamotoi. The results of the present study showed the pathway of introduction of B.miyamotoi in Lithuania and confirmed the impact of birds on spreading of non-native invasive pathogens in new areas. The present study is the first report of Babesia microti in Lithuania. We did not find tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ticks collected from migrating birds. The bird species that carried the highest number of infected ticks were Parus major and Erithacus rubecula.


Activation of the PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway occurs in several human cancers, including hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC) where is associated with resistance to endocrine therapy and disease progression. In BC, the most common PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway alteration is represented by PIK3CA oncogenic mutations. These mutations can occur throughout several domains of the p110α catalytic subunit, but the majority are found in the helical and kinase domains (exon 9 and 20) that represent the "hotspots". Considering the central role of the PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway in HR-positive BC, several inhibitors (both pan-PI3K and isoform-specific) have been developed and tested in clinical trials. Recently, the PI3Kα-selective inhibitor alpelisib was the first PI3K inhibitor approved for clinical use in HR-positive metastatic BC based on the results of the phase III SOLAR-1 trial. Several methods to assess PIK3CA mutational status in tumor samples have been developed and validated, including real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), BEAMing assays, Sanger sequencing, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels. Several new challenges will be expected once alpelisib is widely available in a clinical setting, including the harmonization of testing procedures for the detection of PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway alterations. Herein, we provide an overview on PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway alterations in HR-positive BC, discuss their role in determining prognosis and resistance to endocrine therapy and highlight practical considerations about diagnostic methods for the detection of PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway activation status.


Due to malignant transformation, cancer cells are characterized by elevated levels of genotoxic, replication or proteotoxic stresses, which makes them vulnerable to various external conditions, including increased temperature. Thus, hyperthermia represents a very effective therapeutic modality usually combined with standard chemotherapy or radiation. Moreover, the elevated temperature is often used in experimental studies related to protein aggregation, cellular heat shock response and other proteostasis mechanisms relevant to cancer progression and treatment. Recently, we developed a single-cell method to inflict defined, subcellular thermal damage, adopting the plasmon resonance principle. Dose-defined heat causes protein damage in subcellular compartments, rapid heat-shock chaperone recruitment, and ensuing engagement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, providing unprecedented insights into spatiotemporal response to protein damage relevant to cancer. Using this versatile method, we discovered so-far unsuspected compensatory interplay of p97 translocase, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and heat shock protein chaperones in the processing of heat-damaged proteins. As both, p97 and heat shock proteins, represent potential cancer-relevant drug targets, these results can contribute to the development and better implementation of related therapies in cancer treatment.
 Citation Format: Zdenek Skrott, Katarina Chroma, Petr Muller, Ales Panacek, Jiri Bartek, Martin Mistrik. Compensatory interplay of p97 segregase and HSP70 chaperone protect cancer cells from heat-induced proteotoxicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4814.


The objective of this paper is to study the spillover effects between energy markets and stock markets with emphasis on the significant crisis periods of the last 15 years, the period of the financial crisis that officially started in 2008, the pandemic period, generically called COVID-19, and the recent confrontation in Eastern Europe. Understanding the volatility transmission mechanisms between the energy and capital markets and also from the energy markets back and the spillover effects that result is very important. We use multivariate GARCH models to highlight a spillover effect between energy commodities and equities in Central and Eastern Europe. The highest correlations are recorded for CEE stock markets with electricity and Brent, and the lowest for CEE stock markets with gas. The biggest symmetric shocks between energy and CEE stock markets occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, the biggest asymmetric shocks occurred during the financial crisis (for gas) and the Ukrainian invasion (for Brent). We also find that volatility is more sensitive to its lagged values in the marketplace than it is to new information. The impact and contagion of shocks caused by the oil market are greater than those of other energy markets.


This paper deals with the characterization of fluxgate magnetometers that adopt a Fe61Co19Si5B15 ribbons as magnetic core. The experimental characterization concerned the dependence of Δt and ΔV according to the magnetic field Hdc. The change of the field (variable input) held by changing the offset, adding a small dc voltage to ac, taking in extremely important results. Still, examined the dependence of ΔV on the frequency for two different types of coils, a circular and an oval coil, made of the same material, Fe61Co19Si5B15.


The study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of some pasture grasses and legumes at early and late rainy season of the year (2009). Fifteen pasture species, eleven grasses and four legumes were collected from Mosai (Southern Darfur). The chemical composition of crude protein (CP), Ether extract (EE), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and Acid detergent lignin (ADL) and some of macro mineral were determined. The range of crude protein of pasture plants in Mosai was 7.89 to 21.86% and 4.66 to 20.66% at early and late rainy fall season respectively. In contrast the Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) Acid detergent fiber (ADF) Acid detergent lignin (ADL) were increased significantly (p<0.05) when the rainy season advanced. Calcium, Phosphorus and Sodium were significantly (p<0.05) higher at late rainy season and low at early rainy season. Sodium content in this study was inconsistent among species and season. As conclusion most of the plant species in the study area decreased in nutritive value at the end of the dry season.


In the accounting work,humanism forward is actually accounters forward so as to improve accounting work qualities,prompt its modernization and boost its bigger development.


This paper mainly introduces an equivalent source algorithm for the electromagnetic parameters of triangular periodic microstrip array antennas. The algorithm first needs to determine the active element pattern (AEP) of the smallest element in the large-scale antenna array to be calculated, and reconstruct the array antenna through the equivalent source method. After reducing the antenna size, calculate the simplified array pattern, and derive the required calculated microstrip array antenna pattern based on the simplified array pattern. The simplified algorithm is mainly aimed at large-scale periodic array antennas, which can greatly reduce the calculation of electromagnetic parameters and reduce the calculation difficulty.


We carry out the construction of some ill-posed multiplicat ive stochastic heat equations on unbounded domains. The two main equations our r es lt covers are, on the one hand the parabolic Anderson model on R, and on the other hand the KPZ equation onR via the Cole-Hopf transform. To perform these constructions, we adapt the theory of regularity structures to the se tting of weighted Besov spaces. One particular feature of our construction is that i allows one to start both equations from a Dirac mass at the initial time.


In Woman writers has tried best to focus on various literary works through the centuries. In the modern
age of change and development in every aspect, no one can deny the half of the population. The woman writers of
Indian English have tried best of non-attachment and they begin to investigate and to acknowledge the position of
woman in male-dominated society and patriarchal issues that were present in the Indian Societies is undergoing
drastic changes from time to time. There are lots of changes in Indian From spiritual ascendancy to clashes in
different religions, from dependence to independence, from farm land to internet facility. In a modern feministic
world, the concept of womanism and image is the very important issues for Indian women writers. It is obvious that
woman are exploited and subjugated on the basis of caste, class, creed and social patriarchal setup. Indian Woman
have been exploited and subjugated from ancient times to the modern era.


A decision maker trying to learn about an uncertain quantity may obtain divergent information from a number of sources e.g., experts. In this paper we study the decision maker's problem of aggregating this information to form his posterior distribution when he believes that the experts' opinions are dependent due to shared information. Examples in both normal and Bernoulli frameworks lead to some surprising general insights regarding the impact of the dependence on the posterior distribution. The study has implications for practitioners who face real-world information-aggregation problems and for groups of experts who seek a consensus.


The requirement of electric vehicle for driving technology is briefly described, and the developmental trend of electric driving and controlling technique is provided, as well the leading role of next generation for electric car is pointed out.


The body language is the main part of teaching methods. It has a vital effect on higher vocational students?attention. Using suitably it can improve studying efficiency and students?studying interest.


Monocular simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms perform robustly when observing rigid scenes; however, they fail when the observed scene deforms, for example, in medical endoscopy applications. In this article, we present DefSLAM, the first monocular SLAM capable of operating in deforming scenes in real time. Our approach intertwines Shape-from-Template (SfT) and Non-Rigid Structure-from-Motion (NRSfM) techniques to deal with the exploratory sequences typical of SLAM. A deformation tracking thread recovers the pose of the camera and the deformation of the observed map, at frame rate, by means of SfT processing a template that models the scene shape-at-rest. A deformation mapping thread runs in parallel with the tracking to update the template, at keyframe rate, by means of an isometric NRSfM processing a batch of full perspective keyframes. In our experiments, DefSLAM processes close-up sequences of deforming scenes, both in a laboratory-controlled experiment and in medical endoscopy sequences, producing accurate 3-D models of the scene with respect to the moving camera.


The purpose of this research is to investigate effect of wake splitter to pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics in a tube bank with staggered arrangements. The pressure drop and averaged heat transfer coefficient of seven rows with five tubes in each row with integral wake splitter has been determined by means of 2-D simulation using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fluent. Two type of integral wake splitter length have been studied, 0.5D and 1D with different location. Simulations have been carried out at Reynolds number based on tube diameter from 5000 up to 27800. The results, presented in terms of pressure drop as well as averaged heat transfer coefficient values, show the influence of wake splitter length and direction. By adding 0.5D wake splitter at downstream direction leads to higher averaged heat transfer coefficient and reduction of the pressure drop.


We demonstrate the interest of multi-granularity optical networks to decrease the number of ports for the optical switching matrices by grouping some wavelengths into bands and some bands into fibers at some intermediate nodes.


The project is oriented towards two approaches: the analysis of the areas of influence that the schools have in the town of Engativa and the georeferenciacion by directions of the schools with the open data of Google maps, as well as to realize, routes of the districts that do not have Educational establishment to the nearest school. First begins; Designing the tool that geo-encoded by addresses in a spreadsheet to obtain the Keyhole Markup Language (KML) XML-based programming language to publish geographic data (Google Developers, 2012), second; Making a conversion to shapefile (SHP) format of ESRI that stores vector data with location, we proceed to elaborate a database that helps to make queries, Third; Perform a spatial analysis that shows the areas of influence of each school by proximity using Voronoi diagram in such a way that when making an interception can define the areas that benefit according to the nearest school. Consequently you can show the lack of schools in neighborhoods, and taking this information into account these routes are traced from these neighborhoods to the nearest schools, the results are finally displayed on a HyperText Markup Language (HTML) website, maps and tables. All this with the database of the education ministry of Engativa and the open source of Google maps.


The study was concerned with the evaluation of age hardening of asphalts and mixtures for paving applications. The primary objectives were as follows: (1) Determine trends in age hardening or extent of variability in age hardening of some typical asphalt cements by using different measurement techniques; (2) Study the effects of asphalt type, heat, ultraviolet light, forced draft and natural weathering on the hardening rate of asphalts; (3) Acquire pertinent field and laboratory data from paving projects, on the properties of in-service asphalts and asphalt mixtures up to a service age of 18 months, and make a comparative study between field and laboratory aging; and (4) Develop and assess procedures for studying aging of asphalt using infrared spectroscopic techniques. Statistical analyses were used to evaluate all the collected and generated data. Regression analyses trends were used to establish patterns of hardening. Correlations between variables of interest were attempted.


Corporate acquisition can be considered as one of the best processes of corporate restructuring. This study is focused to evaluate the post-acquisition operating performance of listed Indian companies (acquirers) which have made acquisitions during subprime crisis period i.e. from FY 2007-08 to FY 2009-10. Paired sample t-test has been used on four operating performance indicators i.e. Return on Equity(ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), Operating Profit margin (OPM) and Operating Cash flow to Net Sales ratio (OCF/Net Sales) to check whether operating performance of acquirers has significantly improved post-acquisition. This study has revealed that there is no significant improvement in firms' operating performance based on financial parameters i.e. Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA) and Operating Profit Margin (OPM), post corporate acquisitions made during subprime crisis period. The study finds that there was negative impact based on these parameters. Though Operating Cash Flow to Net Sales ratio has improved significantly for the companies which have made acquisition in FY 2007-08 and FY 2008-09 but similar findings could not be achieved for FY 2009-10. This study will find its significance in present scenario wherein corporate acquisitions are seen as the fastest way to achieve growth. Corporate world may derive its growth strategy from this study.


This paper was given at a London Medical Group symposium held at Middlesex Hospital Medical School in May 1979, on `Self-help groups - England's barefoot doctors'. Dr Robinson gives a brief history of some of the reasons why self-help groups have evolved and how they work. He also looks at how the `professionals' can and do relate to them.


WiFi received signal strength (RSS) fingerprinting is a promising method for indoor localization but it faces the challenges of a laborious and time-consuming off-line survey process for radio map fingerprints formation, and of variability in the WiFi coverage over time. To address these challenges, recently researchers have begun to consider the concept of crowd-sourcing and automatic floor map and radio map construction. In this paper, we propose an adaptive room-level localization system (ARLS) which focuses on using massive crowd-sourced WiFi RSS data for recognizing different rooms that exist in the coverage area, for determining their locations on the floor map, and for establishing the radio signatures inside the rooms. For the system to accomplish these tasks, all it takes in the off-line stage is for a surveyor to walk randomly through the coverage area to collect two reference RSS traces, and a corridor-level floor map and initial radio map along with points of interest (POIs) will be built by the system automatically. In the on-line stage, unlabeled crowd-sourced user data is gathered to extract room-level information to the map and conduct continuing refining and updating. Our results show that rooms can be effectively recognized by their RSS fingerprints, and that rooms can be localized on the floor map by analyzing RSS traces as users enter and leave a room. The RSS fingerprints of rooms can also be adaptively updated using crowd-sourced user data.


The work aims to prove that there are positive effects in the abbreviation of fasting, using the solution enriched with carbohydrate (CHO) in patients who have undergone hospital interventions. The main objective was to show whether there was an improvement in the patient's clinical condition and to explore the information already existing in the literature. A narrative review was made based on a selection of the main articles on the topic in recent years, in English and Portuguese. An analytical research was also carried out in order to seek answers to the study's problems based on the data found in Scielo, Cochrane, PubMe and the ACERTO protocol for the construction of this work. The research result was quite satisfactory, showing that the abbreviation for fasting is possible because of the action of a multidisciplinary team and the important action of the nutritionist when indicating the abbreviation of fasting to patients. This reduction in fasting brought benefits, such as, well-being, rapid recovery and reduced hospitalization time for hospitalized patients.


This paper describes the methodology used to evaluate the efficiency of a shell boiler using standard methods, supplemented with infrared camera imaging. The standard method can be based on BS 845:Part 1, DIN 1942 or prEN 12953-11. It involves the use of gas analysers & thermometers to measure the composition of the exhaust gas and temperature of the hot water, the exhaust gas and the boiler walls. Using these data, the boiler losses can be calculated by applying the methodology described in the standards mentioned above. The use of infrared camera imaging provides additional data for the surface temperature, which can be used to estimate accurately the heat losses of the boiler and the relevant piping, supporting the work of total boiler losses evaluation. The case study data presented here are infrared images of the boiler shell (insulated and non-insulated), the hot water piping, the circulating pumps and the exhaust gas ducts and chimney. The advantages of the infrared camera method for measurements in boiler rooms and other combustion installations is the simplicity of use, quick coverage of extensive surfaces, easy determination of hot spots and storage of images for better documentation and storage of the result. INTRODUCTION The acceptance tests of boilers are usually performed by a third party according to standard like DIN 1942 or BS 845 and lately prEN12953-11. The later tends to be accepted by all the counterparts, as it is a CEN European standard. All the above mentioned standards describe the exact procedure as well as the measurements needed to evaluate the efficiency and the thermal load of a boiler. The evaluation of the direct efficiency, as opposed to indirect, usually implies installation of precision and thus expensive equipment to measure fuel consumption and thermal output (basically the fluid flow rate and inlet –exit temperatures). The installation of the required flow meters, apart from being difficult in an existing installation, it is also prohibitive in terms of cost in small and medium size boiler rooms. Thus, the evaluation of boiler efficiency is usually performed by the indirect method, which requires measurements of: 1) temperature and composition of exhaust gases, at least CO, CO2 or O2 and SO2 content. 2) boiler wall temperatures to evaluate convection and radiation losses of the boiler itself. 3) piping wall temperatures to evaluate convection and radiation losses of the remaining boiler room installations and equipment. Spot temperature measurements are usually taken for the evaluation of the boiler losses, and are used as representative measurements for large areas of boiler surface. As insulation of boiler and piping usually has localized defects, it is rather difficult to evaluate the radiation losses with conventional spot temperature measurements. In addition, with the use of infrared camera, one can have full mapping of the temperature profiles on the boiler walls and relevant piping. METHODOLOGY The case study acceptance tests were performed in a new boiler room, installed in a large research center of the Academy of Athens. The building has a total volume of about 15000 m3 and it is partially used for offices and partially for research laboratories. The conventional instrumentation used, consisted of: a) a five input temperature logger (type Kane-Mae KM-1242 & thermocouples of K type, with S/N 48210/10. The system had been calibrated by Algosystems S.A.. b) an electrochemical gas analyzer (Kane May 900 CO-NO, S/N 90700379). The gas analyser had been calibrated by the local service center (BAN Ltd.) c) The Natural Gas consumption had been measured by the use of the equipment installed by the local Natural Gas supply company in the local pressure reduction substation. For hot surfaces mapping, an infrared camera type FLIR Thermacam PM595 was used to measure and analyze the radiation losses of the boiler and the relevant piping. The Infra-Red camera was been used to measure the temperature on the outer surfaces of the various components of the installation (boiler, the recuparator etc.). The thermal camera was set for a temperature range of –40 to +500C. The emissivity factor (ε) of the investigated surfaces was estimated by sighting a self-adhesive stick of known emissivity factor that was placed on the surface. The measurement accuracy of the thermal camera is ±2% and its thermal sensitivity is less than 0.1 K. Its detector consists of 320x240 pixels and its spectral range is 7.5-13 μm. The approximate sampling rate of the camera in the present configuration is 1 thermogram/sec. The thermal data have been processed using the commercial software "ThermaCAM Researcher 2001", which estimates the surface temperature of the object in view, taking into consideration the emissivity of the object, the distance between the object and the camera and the conditions of the ambient environment (temperature, relative humidity).


Antigen retrieval (AR) procedures are based on the effect of heating (by either microwave or pressure cooking treatments) on routinely fixed and paraffin embedded tissues. We observed that AR procedures restore the reactivity of endogenous biotin (EB) and report on the distribution of EB following AR in a series of routinely fixed and embedded tissues.


Objective To investigate the protective effects of morphine on ischemic reperfusion myocardium in vitro and the underlying mechanism. Methods Forty male Wistar rats weighing 280-330g were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal pentobarbital 30mg·kg-1 . Chest was opened and heart removed. The isolated heart was perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Hensleit( K-H) buffer solution (95 % O2, 5 % CO2 ) in a Langendorff apparatus. The animals were randomly divided into five groups with 8 animals in each group : (l)control group; (2)ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group in which ischemia lasted 30 min followed by 40min reperfusion; (3) in morphine pretreatment group the isolated heart was perfused with K-H buffer solution containing morphine 0.3μmol/L for 20min before I/R; (4) morphine-naloxone group for 20min; (5) morphine-glibenclamide group in which before I/R the isolated heart was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 0.3μ/mol/L and glibenclamide 10mol/L for 20 min. Left ventricle developed pressure (LVP) and LVP/dtmax were measured from a water-filled latex balloon inserted in LV. Heart rate was determined by an epicardial ECG. The size of myocardial infarct was determined by TTC. Coronary flow (CF) was collected and recorded. LVP, LVP/dtmax, HR and CF were recorded before ischemia, and at 10, 20,30,40 min during reperfusion. Results After I/R CF, HR, LVP and LVP/dtmax of the isolated hearts were decreased significantly (P0.01). When morphine was perfused before ischemia HR, LVP and LVP/dtmax were increased significantly (P0.01) and infarct size was reduced (P0.01). Morphine did not increase CF after I/R (P0.05) . The cardioprotective effects of morphine were abolished by naloxone or glibenclamide completely. Conclusion Morphine can reduce I/R injuries to isolated rat heart. The cardioprotective effects of morphine are mediated via local opioid receptor and KATP channel.


The  purpose  of  this  research  is  to  obtain  empirical  evidence  about  the effects  of  leverage,  liquidity, profitability, size, risk, and growth on dividend policy in manufacturing industries listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange during the period of 2015-2017. This research used 42 samples of manufacturing companies that have been previously selected using purposive sampling method for three years. The data used were sec ondary data in the form of financial information from the financial statements and annual reports. This research data was processed using EViews 9. The result of this research shows that risk and growth has a significant effect on dividend policy, while leverage, liquidity, profitability, and size does not have a significant effect on dividend policy


Background: There is a dire need for anti-inflammatory agents presently to solve many health challenges. Extracts of endophytic fungi have been implicated a lot in this area. The aim of the study was to test isolated compounds from the extract of Pestalotiopsis clavispora residing in Phoenix reclinata.
Methods: Fungal isolation from Phoenix reclinata, cultivation, extraction isolation of compounds, characterisation and membrane stabilisation assay were carried out by standard methods.
Results and Discussion: From the extract of P. clavispora, was isolated three compounds which are 7,8-dihydroxanthenone-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester,sydowinin B and pitholide B. The fungus was from the mangrove plant Phoenix reclinata Jacq. (Arecaceae).
Sydowinin B and pitholide B exhibited a very weak membrane stabilizing activity of 4.5 and 2% respectively, at 100 µg/mL and 5% at 200 µg/mL for the two compounds.
Conclusion: The compounds have not been isolated before from this fungus and they exhibited a   very weak membrane stabilizing activity.


This article deals with state estimation and filtering in nonlinear systems. More precisely the design of approximate nonlinear Kalman filter for nonlinear systems linearizable by a nonlinear coordinate transformation with possible application of nonlinear output injection is studied. The main idea is to reduce the errors introduced by the linearization used by the approximate filter using exact full or partial linearization of the system. Underlying transformations of both deterministic and stochastic signals are studied. An example of designing such an approximate nonlinear filter for nonlinear tracking of walking like motion of bipedal robot is given.


A method of controlling at least one actuator (16, 18) of a chassis of a motor vehicle, in which at least one sensor (10, 12, 14) of the motor vehicle values of at least one measured variable for detecting an environment of the motor vehicle are determined, the values obtained be pre-processed, in which only the needed for controlling the at least one actuator (16, 18) values from a sensor associated with the control device (4) to a aktorzugeordnetes control device (6) transmitted to and from the aktorzugeordneten control device (6) are filtered in time, wherein aktorzugeordneten of the control device (6) from the temporally filtered values actuating signals for the at least one actuator (16, 18) are provided, and wherein the values determined by the at least one sensor (10, 12, 14) processed in a first time clock and sensor from the associated control device (4) in a second clock time to the aktorzugeordnete control device (6 be transmitted), wherein said second time clock is faster than the first clock time.


A novel synthetic route used for preparing PP-g-PS was designed. With this synthetic route, a series of graft copolymers with different contents of PS chain were synthesized successfully, and characterized by 13C-NMR, DSC, GPC.


This paper proposes a resource on-demand approach for Web applications,which can efficiently online reconfigure clusters in response to time-varying resource requirements.It can also dynamically decide the number of running nodes and virtual machines deployed on them.It first predicts the future workloads of the applications with Brown's quadratic exponential smoothing method to make reconfiguration catch up with demands.Next,it adopts a genetic algorithm to parallel find the optimal reconfiguration policy.Experimental results demonstrate the approach can online adapt the cluster resource according to the change of requirement,increase the cluster resource utilization and greatly reduce power consumption.


With more and more network attacks on the Internet, this article uses the C4.5 decision tree classification algorithm to detect 7 types of network attacks from the perspective of network traffic. Firstly, the data is preprocessed, then extract 62 features, finally use our proposed C4.5 divided algorithm for traffic detection. This experiment uses the public data set CSE-CIC-IDS2018 for verification. The experimental results show that the method in this article can effectively detect different types of cyber attacks. The accuracy rate can reach 96.7%, and the false positive rate is only 4.5%.


Wide area measurement based damping controllers are used to mitigate the inter-area oscillations in a large geographically distributed power system. The performance of wide area damping control (WADC) heavily relies on cyber and physical infrastructure. As the measured input signals used in WADC are transferred to the controller location via a communication channel, it is prone to cyber-attacks. The attacker can inject malicious data into the WADC measurements and/or control signals. This paper focuses on modeling and analyzing the impact of different types of false data injection (FDI) attacks on the WADC control signals, namely, sinusoidal attack, triangular attack, saw-tooth attack, ramp attack, pulse attack, random attack, and replay attack. The control architecture for analyzing these attacks consists of power system stabilizers placed on each generator for damping of local modes and an $H_{2}/ H_{\infty} $ based WADC controller for damping of inter-area modes in Kundur's 4-machine 2-area test system. Different types of attacks were compared for their severity, and it has been found that a sinusoidal attack has the highest severity of all the analyzed FDI attacks. The results obtained in this paper will be useful in implementing the cyber-attack detection and mitigation algorithms.


In this study the seasonal performance of a residential air conditioning system having either a fin-and-tube condenser or a microchannel condenser is experimentally investigated. Microchannel heat exchangers offer a higher volumetric heat exchange capacity and a reduced refrigerant charge amount. However, the operating characteristics and the seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) of the residential air conditioning system using a microchannel condenser have not been well known. For this investigation, a commercially available 7 kW capacity residential air conditioning system having a fin-and-tube condenser served as the base system. After testing the base unit with the fin-and-tube condenser, the condenser was replaced by a microchannel heat exchanger with the same face area under identical test conditions. The test results show that the system with a microchannel heat exchanger has a reduced refrigerant charge amount of 10%, the coefficient of performance increased by 6% to 10%, and the SEER increased by 7% as compared with those of the base system. Moreover, the condensing pressure of the system is decreased by 100 kPa and the pressure drop across the condenser is decreased by 84%. The microchannel heat exchanger enhances the SEER of the residential air conditioning system by providing better heat transfers at reduced pressure drops.


Cellular connected unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been identified as a promising paradigm and attracted a surge of research interest recently. Although the nearly line-of-sight (LoS) channels are favorable to receive higher powers, UAVs can in turn cause severe interference to each other and to any other users in the same frequency band. In this contribution, we focus on the uplink communications of cellular-connected UAVs. To cope with the severe interference among UAV-UEs, several different scheduling and power control algorithms are proposed to optimize the spectrum efficiency (SE) based on the geometrical programming (GP) principle together with the successive convex approximation (SCA) technique. The proposed schemes include maximizing the sum SE of UAVs, maximizing the minimum SE of UAVs, etc., applied in the frequency domain and/or the time domain. Moreover, the quality of service (QoS) constraint and the uplink single-carrier (SC) constraint are also considered. The performances of these power and resource allocation algorithms are evaluated via extensive simulations in both full buffer transmission mode and bursty traffic mode. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms can effectively enhance the uplink SEs of cellular-connected UAVs.


The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Van Hiele model in teaching Geometry to Grade 8 students as the basis for designing instructional materials using the Van Hiele model. This study used the quasi-experimental group design to assess whether there was a significant difference between the pretest performance to the posttest performance of the control and experimental groups. The results revealed that both groups had established a significant mean gain difference from Pretest to Posttest, although the experimental group, taught using the Van Hiele model, performed better than the control group. The teacher and the students encountered many challenges in each phase, but undeniably, the students enjoyed the activities. The majority of the students found that it is interesting to learn Geometry using the phases of the model. The instruction using the Van Hiele model is thus considered an effective way of teaching Geometry and an alternative teaching strategy to the traditional method. Therefore, this method is proper when teaching Geometry, especially to students with different learning needs, because of the presence of various geometric experiences.


Numerical modelling of the dispersion of waste products from aquaculture installations: A tool for appropriate environmental management of the sector The present paper deals with some of the results obtained by AZTI from the application of finite element codes for the numerical study of plumes produced by waste spills from aquaculture stations. The use of numerical models to simulate physical reality represents a new approach to studying the impact of fish farming, facilitating the analysis of site selection and optimising the necessary resources for operative monitoring plans. Nevertheless, the numerical model can only serve as a complement to in situ measurements, without which the models cannot be properly calibrated, nor their reliability verified. All these data must be put into expert hands for the sake of sustainable management of the aquaculture sector.


Specimens of the articulated coralline alga Calliarthron tuberculosum growing on an underwater reef off the coast of central California were photographed over a period of 2 years, during which time the mean increase in branch length was 1.7 mm per month. A tier of medullary cells 50–75 μ high is formed about once a day and flexible genicula develop every 1.5–2.7 months. Mean growth rates are 1.3 mm per month in summer (April–Sept.) and 2.3 mm per month in winter (Oct–March). On glass and plexiglass settling surfaces placed among the algae, basal crusts under 1 mm in diameter were visible in less than 1 month, fronds were evident after 2 months, and the fronds bore conceptacles after 11 months. Measurements of photographed and collected specimens reveal that the plants mostly branch during two different times of the year, from March to June and again from September to December.


Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is a simple intervention that has been practiced for noncomplicated vaginal birth over the decades. Evidence showed that an increased breastfeeding rate is one of the benefits for mothers and babies. Although caesarean section (CS) has increased globally, many mothers and babies have not experienced SSC after caesarean delivery. Therefore, hospitals around the globe have implemented similar projects to enhance the practice of SSC after CS. This literature review will investigate the significance of SSC after CS to breastfeeding rate and the results of SSC implementation in the theatre.


Part I The Transnationalisation of Commercial and Financial Law. The Law Concerning Professional Dealings 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 The Place and Evolution of Modern Commercial and Financial Law in Civil and Common Law. The Concept of Transnationalisation 1.1.2. The Transnationalisation of Commercial and Financial Law. Common or Civil Law Approach? Methodology1.1.3 The Coverage of Domestic and Transnational Commercial and Financial Law1.1.4 Legal Dynamism as Key Notion in Transnational Commercial and Financial Law. Law as a DynamicConcept in Modern Contract and Movable Property 1.1.5. Legal Pragmatism at the Transnational Level. Notions of Certainty, Finality and Predictability. The Need to Find Structure, Not System 1.1.6 Social, Economic, Intellectual or Democratic Legitimacy 1.1.7 The Traditional Civil and Common Law Notions of Commercial Law. The Notion of Commerciality 1.1.8 Old and New Commercial and Financial Law. Transnational Notion of Professionality, a SeparateLegal Order for Professional Dealings, and the Role of International Arbitrators 1.1.9 International Commercial Arbitration and International Commercial Courts 1.1.10 Structure of this Volume 1.2 The Origin and Evolution of Civil Law. Its Traditional Approach to Law Formation and to the Operation of Private Law (including Commercial and Financial Law) 1.2.1 The Evolution of Modern Private Law and its Sources 1.2.2 The Early Developments on the European Continent. Roman Law 1.2.3 Classical Roman Law and the Corpus Iuris Civilis 1.2.4 The Revival of Roman Law in Western Europe: The Ius Commune 1.2.5 The Ius Commune and its Relationship to Local Law, Including Newer Commercial Law 1.2.6 The Early Evolution of the Notion of Natural Law in Europe 1.2.7 The Emergence of the Secular Natural Law School: Grotius's De Iure Belli ac Pacis, its Approach andImpact 1.2.8 The Status of State Law in the Philosophies of Grotius, Hobbes, Locke, Kant and Hegel. The Impact of the Age of Enlightenment and the Road to Codification of Private Law in France 1.2.9 The German Historical and Romantic Schools. The Road to Private Law Codification in Germany 1.2.10 The Civil Law National Codifications and their Coverage 1.2.11 Nationalism and System Thinking. The Question of the Continued Relevance of the Civil La Codification Idea 1.2.12 Modern Policy Arguments in Favour of a Statist and Static Attitude towards the Formation of Private Law. Deficiency in System Thinking. Misunderstandings concerning Democratic Legitimacy and Certainty 1.2.13 System Thinking and Interpretation in Civil Law: Begriffs- and Interessenjurisprudenz. ModernHermeneutics 1.3 The Origin and Evolution of the Common Law. Its Approach to Law Formation and the Operation of Private Law 1.3.1 Common Law and Equity 1.3.2 The Common Law Approach to Scholarship 1.3.3 The Common Law Approach to Precedent, Legislation or Codification, and Statutory Interpretation 1.3.4 Intellectualisation and Conceptualisation in Common Law. Modern American Academic Attitudes towards the Law and its Development: Legal Formalism and Realism 1.3.5 Post-realism or Legal Functionalismin the US: The 'Law and ' Movements 1.3.6 The Progress So Far 1.4 The Sources of Law in Civil and Common Law Tradition. The Approach in Transnational Private Law and the Hierarchy of Sources and Norms in the Modern Lex Mercatoria 1.4.1 Statutory and Other Sources of Law. Nationalism and System Thinking in Civil and Common Law 1.4.2 Fact- and Law-finding in Civil and Common Law 1.4.3 The Revival of the Traditional Sources of Law through Liberal Interpretation Techniques 1.4.4 Survival of Transnational Legal Sources in Commercial Law. EU and Public International Law Attitudes 1.4.5 Autonomous Legal Sources: Fundamental Principle 1.4.6 Autonomous Legal Sources: General Principle 1.4.7 Autonomous Legal Sources: Custom and Practices 1.4.8 The Competition Between Custom and Statutory or Treaty Law 1.4.9 Autonomous Legal Sources: Party Autonomy 1.4.10 Autonomous Legal Sources: Treaty Law 1.4.11 Uniform Law and Private International Law 1.4.12 Domestic Laws as Autonomous Source of Transnational Law 1.4.13 The Hierarchy of the Sources of Law in Modern International Commercial and Financial Law 1.4.14 The Concept of Natural Law and the Legal Status and Force of Fundamental and General Principle in the Modern Lex Mercatoria 1.4.15 An End to the Confining Views of Modern Legal Positivism, Formalism, and Nationalism in theProfessional Sphere 1.4.16 Dispute Prevention or Dispute Resolution? Law in Action or Law in Litigation 1.4.17 The Role of National Courts and of International Commercial Arbitration 1.4.18 Agents of International Convergence and Harmonisation: The Role of UNIDROIT, UNCITRAL, the ICC, The Hague Conference, the EU, and the American Law Institute and Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in the USA. The Impact of the International Legal Practice and Scholarship 1.4.19 EU Attempts at Harmonising Private Law 1.5 Cultural, Sociological and Economic Undercurrents in the Formation of Transnational Commercial and Financial Law (Modern Lex Mercatoria). Different Legal Orders, their Manifestation, and the Competition between Them 1.5.1 The Concept of Legal Orders 1.5.2 Law as Cultural Phenomenon 1.5.3 Law as a Political Organisational Tool. The Importance of Diversity, Group Autonomy, Democracy, Rule of Law, and Human Rights 1.5.4 The Revival of Legal Universalism in Professional Private Law 1.5.5 Sociological and Economic Considerations in the Law 1.5.6 The Competition between Transnational Law and Mandatory State Laws or National Public Policies andPublic Order Requirements 1.5.7 The Twentieth-century Dominance of the Statist Legal Orders and the Effect of Globalisation 1.5.8 The Operation of Different Legal Orders in Private Law: Evolution of a US Federal Commercial Law, of Transnational Private Law Concepts in the EU, and of International Human Rights Law in the Council ofEurope (European Court of Human Rights) 1.5.9 The International Commercial and Financial Legal Order and its Relevance: The Role of Legal Theory,Legal History and Comparative Law Part II The Nature, Status and Function of Private International Law 2.1 Modern Private International Law 2.1.1 The Underlying Concept of Modern Private International Law 2.1.2 Earlier Approaches 2.1.3 Drawbacks of the Modern Conflict Rules 2.2 The Modern European and US Approaches to Conflicts of Law 2.2.1 Refinement of the European Model 2.2.2 Developments in the USA 2.2.3 The Various Modern US Conflict Theories 2.2.4 The European Approach of Exception Clauses: Reasonable and Fair Solutions in the Dutch Proposals 2.2.5 The Role of Practitioners. Emphasis on the Facts rather than on the Rules: The Nature of theRelationship and of the Transaction. Practical Needs and Modern Interpretation Techniques. The Effects ofTransnationalisation 2.2.6 The Issue of Public Policy or Governmental Interests and its Impact. The Notion of Comity and itsApplication. Competition between Transnational and State Laws Revisited 2.2.7 States as Counterparties 2.2.8 Practical Issues Concerning Conflicting Public Policies: Effect on the Lex Mercatoria and the Importance of the Notion of Forum non Conveniens 2.2.9 Party Autonomy and Contractual Choice of Law 2.3 Interaction of Private International Law and Uniform Law 2.3.1 Private International Law and the Application of Uniform Law 2.3.2 The Situation with Regard to EU Directives of a Private Law Nature Part III The Development of Transnational or International Commercial and Financial Law 3.1 The Lex Mercatoria, Interrelation with Private International Law 3.1.1 The Background to the Revival of the Lex Mercatoria 3.1.2 The Concept of the Modern Lex Mercatoria as a Hierarchy of Norms 3.1.3 The Major Protagonists of the Lex Mercatoria and Their Views: Legitimation 3.2 The Hierarchy of Norms: Elaboration 3.2.1 Fundamental Legal Principle. Transnational Rules of Contract Formation and the Normative Interpretation Technique 3.2.2 Fundamental Principle. The Notion of Transnational Ownership. A Dynamic System of Modern Movable Proprietary Rights 3.2.3 Eurobonds and Analogous Transnational Proprietary Structures. Fundamental Principle and CustomSupport 3.2.4 Fundamental Principle in Procedural Matters. 3.2.5 Mandatory Customs and Practices 3.2.6 Mandatory Uniform Treaty Law, Contractual Provisions (Party Autonomy), Directory Trade Practices, Directory Uniform Treaty Law and Common or General Legal Principles 3.2.7 Domestic Laws, Private International Law: Mandatory Provisions and Public Policy or Regulatory Issues 3.3 Operation of the Lex Mercatoria. Objections 3.3.1 Operation of the Lex Mercatoria and Direct References to It 3.3.2 Objections to the Lex Mercatoria Approach 3.3.3 Application and Enforcement of the Lex Mercatoria


This paper presents some considerations regarding the trajectory analysis for a class of mobile robots, namely two-wheeled differential drive mobile robots, one of the most utilized mechanical structures now in mobile robotics practice. The paper is continuing the computational analysis of the Cauchy problem associated to a mobile robot kinematics. The phaseportrait graphical tool of the mathematical soft MAPLE11, points out the influence of the initial conditions the initial velocities of the driving (left and right) wheels of the robot on the robot trajectory. Considering a pair of few simulation cases for the initial conditions brings a good reliability of the analysis. The issue of repetitive phenomena is very important to notice in this context, as in the analysis it is repeated a specific allure of the trajectory. It brings important features, both from mathematical and robotic analysis standpoint. The further changes are due to the initial conditions variations. Repetitive phenomena can be collected in order to realize a global panel of random distributed events in the kinematics of two wheeled differential drive mobile robot and to use the statistical observations in the further analysis.


We demonstrate the additional cases from ImageNet1K [1], which our TPS-DeiT and DeiT predict correctly but dynamicViT-DeiT predict wrongly. As Fig 2 shows, we found that the imperfect pruning policy brings the loss of background context and incomplete subject, which puzzles the model and leads to a close but incorrect prediction. However, our TPS conquers these cases by squeezing the information of pruned tokens into similar reserved tokens.


Measurements of the oxygen consumption of the suspended organisms, the sediment biota and the prop root-epibiont system were made to determine the rate of decomposition of organic material in a mangrove swamp on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The tidal range in this area is about 2.5 m. The sediment consists mainly of clay with 12-1 5% organic material. The dominant mangrove species bordering the swamp channels was Rhizophora mangle . The O 2 consumption in the free water varies between 35 and 47 mg m -3 h -1 . The oxygen uptake of the sediment lies between 8.4 and 3 7.2 mg m -2 h -1 . The respiration of the root-epibiont system depends on the position of thy root in relation to the low water line. Values between 0.65 and 29.5 mg O 2 h -1 per 1000 cm 2 of root surface have been recorded. In a transect between two tidal channels the O 2 consumption per sediment surface area and the percentage consumption by the three subsystems show a great range of variation depending mainly on the water depth at high tide and the period of water coverage. The mean oxygen uptake per square meter was 1310 mg per day. Of this 40.5% was consumed by the organisms suspended in the water column, 13.5% by the sediment biota and 46% by the epibiotic community on the prop, roots. Thus, the decomposition of organic material would be about 410 mg C m -2 day -1 (mean value).


Critical heat flux (CHF) data were obtained for upward crossflow of R-114 in a heated staggered rod bundle. Data were obtained over a broad range of mass fluxes (135 to 1,221 kg/m{sup 2} sec), inlet subcooling (0 to 55 C), and qualities ({minus}0.42 to 0.92). The present work extends the available database to higher quality, inlet subcooling, and mass flux. The test section is 3.43 cm x 15.24 cm (1.35 in. x 6 in.) in cross section with a total length of 55.88 cm (22 inches) from the top of the inlet flow straightener to the perforated plate at the test section exit. The rod bundle has a triangular pitch with a diameter (D) of 0.635 cm (0.25 in), and a pitch to diameter (P/D) ratio of 1.5. The rod bundle has 165 rods with a 15.24 cm (6 in.) heated length arranged in 55 rows of three rods each. Unheated half rods were positioned on the walls of the test section to maintain the regular rod arrangement and prevent flow bypass along the gaps between the window and the first column of heated rods. A single instrumented heater was positioned five rows upstream from the bundle exit to determine CHF. The last three rows of rods in the bundle were unheated to prevent undetected dryout downstream of the CHF position. Temperature excursions due to CHF were sensed using four imbedded thermocouples (TC) in the heater rod. The four TC temperatures were continuously monitored on a strip chart recorder. The rod heat was gradually increased until CHF was detected. Overall, the data are in good agreement with the Jensen and Tang correlation in the range of application of this correlation. The local minima in CHF which occurs near zero quality is slightly lower in the present experiment than for the Jensen and Tang correlation. At high quality, CHF drops off more rapidly than the Jensen-Tang prediction. Data are now available to extend the existing correlations to higher quality, and higher inlet subcooling.


Volume 2, Issue 1 January February 2013 Page 123 ABSTRACT: Field effect transistor is a monopolar device that displays superior high – frequency and low – noise performances. GaAs MESFETs are commonly found in RF amplifier, mixers and oscillators. The electron mobility of GaAs is five times higher than silicon. N –channel MESFET are used in RF and Microwave applications. MODFET another FET type exhibits higher frequency response than MESFET due to dissimilar semiconductor material doped together. It has difference in band gap energy between dissimilar semiconductor materials and surpass frequency limit of MESFET while maintaining low noise performance and high power rating. This paper discusses about the simulation of MESFET and MODFET in its output and transfer characteristics. GaAs MESFET device with S parameter design is investigated here for the stability of the device at high frequency and discussed maximum gain, Figure of merit and stability from the proposed design. This simulation is useful to study high frequency effects of FET structure and finds extensive usage in high frequency devices. It is found that gain of lesser than desired value and lesser Figure of merit gives stability at higher frequency of operation.


Without any doubt, our world has changed fast. However, updating of our education system with respect to balancing educational course contents with physical activity and nutritional technology has not changed with the applications of preventive health tools, on the same pace. Our B.Ed. Course contents need modernization so as to empower all future school teachers with the balanced education to improve overall health, fitness, wellness and 'Sports for All' culture in our schools. An attempt has been made in this concept paper to empower teachers with the help of a proposal to introduce a paper on health, & wellness environment technology among the core papers of B.Ed. It has been advocated in this paper that this step will contribute not only to good health but also to improve fundamental motor skills, selfconfidence, physical fitness and overall wellness of students and teachers. This contribution of balanced education to all teachers will certainly enable them and their future students to enjoy lifelong good health, fitness and wellness by enriching them both in learning what to know and what one should be able to do, right from an early age through the entire life span. It has been argued that teacher is the single most important variable affecting the right balanced education of students and therefore must be provided with balanced education for the learning of essential elements of physical, social, mental, spiritual and environmental education without the intervention of the Supreme Court of India.


Following the dot.com debacle and e-marketplace consolidation, the oil industry is now far more comfortable with digital transactions. However, it still fights shy of reverse auction activity to match other industrial sectors. In part two of Petroleum Review's digital business report*, Brian Davis offers an update on some key players in this sector.


Edme Alfred Bourgoin (1836-1897), a French pharmacist, physician, and politician, studied the chemical composition of brain, the nature of the active principle of senna and boldo, the electrolysis of many acids and organic salts, the role of water in electrolysis, the solubility of organic acids in water and other solvents, and described the preparation and properties of many new bromine derivatives. In the last part of his life, he actively opposed Louis Pasteur's ideas and the teaching of practical laboratory experiences. Life and career No information seems to be available about the early life and education of Edme Alphonse Bourgoin. He was born on May 27 1836 at Saint-Cyr les Colons (Yonne), France, where his father worked as operator of a Chappe telegraph. In 1858 Bourgoin was awarded a pharmacy internship at the pharmacy of the hospitals of Paris, and from there on he went through a series of important appointments, elections, and awards: Laureate of the hospitals (1860), pharmacist of the Midi hospital (1862), degree of physical sciences (1862), degree of medical doctor (1863), chief pharmacist of the children's hospital (1867-1884), Laureate of the Société de Pharmacie (1868), member of the Société de Pharmacie, member of the council of the Société Chimique de Paris, member of the Société de Pharmacie of Indre, member of the Société Royale de Pharmacie of Bruxelles, professor of medical pharmacy at the l'École Supérieure de Pharmacie (1877), member of the Société de Médicine de Paris (pharmacie section) (1879), member of the Conseil d'Hygiène Publique (1880), chief pharmacist and director of the central pharmacy of the Parisian hospitals (1884), officer of the Légion d'honneur (July 9, 1891), and twice Laureate of the Institut de France (Jecker and Berbier prizes). In 1893 he was elected member (deputy) of the Legislative Assembly, as representative of the constituency of Vouziers. While in the latter position, he died suddenly of a brain hemorrhage (February 10, 1897). Two days later he was buried in the Montmartre cemetery. Between 1867 and 1868 Bourgoin carried on extensive research on the electrolysis of organic acids and their salts, at the laboratories of Marcellin Berthelot (1827 1907) in the École de Pharmacie. As a result of this work he was awarded his diploma of pharmacist of first class by the École de Pharmacie (1867), passed successfully the competitive examination of the École to begin an academic career (1869), and the Université de Paris awarded him a doctoral degree in physical sciences (1868). The last years of his life were characterized by a strong opposition to the ideas of Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) and to the introduction of practical laboratories in the teaching of high education. Jaime Wisniak Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 84105 firstname.lastname@example.com Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas, Vol. 46, pp. 86-95, 2015. 87 SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION Bourgoin published about 80 papers and books in his different areas of interest: brain chemistry, electrochemistry, solubility of organic acids, bromine derivatives, organic chemistry, and natural principles. He was one of the main contributors to the Encyclopédie Chimique, published by Edmond Frémy (1814-1894). Composition of the brain Although many scientists had examined the chemical composition of the brain, there were still many unanswered questions. In his first scientific publication, Bourgoin provided additional qualitative and quantitative experimental results and proved that cerebrin did not contain phosphorus, contrary to the opinion of most authors. The first set of experiments was devoted to determining the amount of water present in the brain. The reported figures varied between 75 to 88%; according to Bourgoin the difference stemmed from the fact that brain was the most hygroscopic tissue of the body. For this reason, in the determination of the water content it was necessary to take a series of precautions, for example, not to use wet clothes, to carry the analysis as soon as possible, etc. It was also of interest to determine the relative amounts of white and gray substances. A weighed number of thin layers of human brain were put to dry in a stove heated previously to 75C and towards the end the temperature was raised to 90C, to achieve total dryness (at 100C the brain substance experimented a clear alteration). The average result of seven experiences indicated that the white (obtained from the anterior lobes) and the gray substances (obtained from the circumvolutions) contained 73.5 and 83% water, respectively. The overall brain substance contained 79% water. The phosphorus content was determined by mixing a given quantity of dried brain with 20 times its weight of a mixture of sodium carbonate and potassium nitrate, and pouring the mixture in small portions into a platinum crucible heated dark red. The residue was first treated with distilled water saturated with HCl, then neutralized with ammonia, followed by addition of a solution of magnesium sulfate. After filtration, the solution was calcined in a platinum crucible; the dry weight multiplied by 0.2793 gave the quantity of phosphorus present. The results of six experiences indicated that the phosphorus content varied in a wide range, that the gray substance contained a larger percentage of phosphorus than the white one, and that the central part contained about 2% phosphorus (dry basis). J. P. Couerbe (1805-1867) believed that the variation in phosphorus content was related to the intelligence of the individual. Bourgoin thought that other explanations were also possible; one of his brain samples belonged to an emaciated man who had died of tuberculosis of the third degree, its brain weight was very low but contained the highest percentage of phosphorus. Did these facts indicate that the brain, preferable to other principles absorbed, fatty materials exempt of phosphorus? It was very possible that in cases of emaciation the brain behaved as other body tissues. Analysis of the nitrogen content in the brain showed that it also varied in a wide range and that the gray matter contained much more this element than the white one. The next step was determination of the overall composition of the brain. Extraction with boiling alcohol left a residue, which was found to be composed of albuminous substances. To determine if these substances were present in the brain in a soluble and insoluble state, Bourgoin took a quantity of fresh brain mashed to a pulp and extracted it first with cold distilled water and then brought the solution to boiling. From the weight of the dried coagulum he concluded that about 25% of the albuminoidal substance contained in the brain were in a soluble state. The original alcoholic extract was found to contain cerebrin, cholesterol, and fatty materials. The result of these analyses indicated that human brain contained 80% water, 1.70% cerebrin, 7.80% cholesterol and fatty materials, 2.28% soluble albuminous matter, 6.82% insoluble albuminous matter, and 1.40% of aqueous nitrogenous extract. The aqueous extract was acid and extremely hygroscopic, it contained a small amount of free phosphoric acid and about 8.03% of nitrogen. The last experiments were devoted to determine the composition of cerebrin. This material was obtained impure by drying thin layers of brain at temperatures between 75 and 80C, powdering the dry residue, extracting it with concentrated boiling alcohol, and cooling the resulting extract. The precipitate formed was found to contain cerebrin, cholesterol, fatty materials, and oleophosphoric acid, and was partially purified by washing with cold alcohol, followed by several extractions with ether. It was further purified by several extractions with warming alcohol. The resulting cerebrin appeared as bright white grains, insoluble in cold water and swelling in contact with hot water. It was insoluble in cold and hot ether, very soluble in boiling alcohol and in chloroform. Chemical analysis indicated that it contained between 66.35% carbon, 10.96% hydrogen, 20.38% oxygen, 2.29% nitrogen, and no phosphorus. This composition corresponded approximately to the global formula C72H71O16, fitting that of an amide of dioxioleic acid. Bourgoin remarked that this analysis and formula were very approximate because it was hard to determine that his sample was strictly pure. In 1874 Nicolas Théodore Gobley (1811-1876) published a paper reporting that he had found that cerebrin was present in egg yolk, closely united with lecithin. He had isolated cerebrin by treating with ether the fatty material separated by means of an alcoholic extraction. The insoluble part was mainly composed of cerebrin, which could be purified by successive extractions with boiling alcohol. Gobley reported that cerebrin was a colorless inodorous solid, which when dry melted between 155 and 160C. Heated below this temperature it turned brown and Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas, Vol. 46, pp. 86-95, 2015. 88 decomposed. It was slightly soluble in ether and not colored blue by HCl. Chemical analysis indicated that it contained 66.85% carbon, 10.82% hydrogen, 20.04% oxygen and 2.29% nitrogen. In a critical note, Bourgoin indicated that his procedure for separating cerebrin from brain tissue was substantially simpler that that of Gobley, and showed that his analytical results were essentially the same as those of Gobley.


Background: Infusion of angiotensin-II (Ang-II) to wild-type (WT) mice results in hypertension, development of interstitial cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy, and deterioration of myocardial function. We previously showed that after 1 week of Ang-II infusion, these effects were absent in mice deficient in tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). We now investigated long-term effects of Ang-II infusion. Methods: WT and TNFR1-KO mice were infused with Ang-II for 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography; cardiac function by 2D-echocardiography and Doppler ultrasound. Hearts were analyzed for collagen deposition (histology) and expression of fibrosis- and hypertrophy- related genes (quantitative PCR). Results: In WT mice, SBP increased within 7 days and remained elevated at 6 weeks (152±4 mmHg); cardiac fibrosis developed after 1 week and persisted at 6 weeks (6.2±1.1% collagen area). By contrast, in TNFR1-KO mice, SBP at 7 days was low, but increased by 6 weeks (144±4 mmHg), whereas cardiac fibrosis was absent at 1 week and did not significantly increase by 6 weeks (2.5±0.5%). In support of these data, collagen I and collagen III mRNA expression at 6 weeks were upregulated in WT (2.9±0.6 and 4.1±0.8 -fold over sham), but not in TNFR1-KO hearts (1.3±0.1 and 1.8±0.2). In both mouse groups, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction developed over time, however, these changes were less prominent in TNFR1-KO mice: at 6 weeks, the heart-weight to body-weight ratio in WT was 6.7±0.4, in TNFR1-KO mice 5.5±0.2; the changes in anterior and posterior wall thicknesses in WT were 44±12% and 32±15%, in TNFR1-KO mice 19±8% and 17±10%; the change in ejection fraction in WT was -67±12%, in TNFR1-KO mice -39±5%; and the change in Tei-index (myocardial performance) in WT was 18±9%, in TNFR1-KO -1±7%. Also, hypertrophy-related atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and beta-myosin heavy chain (b-MHC) mRNA were upregulated in WT (4.3±0.9 and 4.3±0.6 -fold over sham), but less in TNFR1-KO hearts (2.6±0.5 and 2.4±0.5). Conclusion: Despite a significant increase in blood pressure over 6 weeks of Ang-II infusion, TNFR1-KO mice developed less cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy and had better cardiac function compared to WT mice.


A destructive test was conducted on a decommissioned skew RC slab bridge. This bridge had severely deteriorated shoulder regions, where the top mat reinforcing bars were exposed. The test bridge was loaded using hydraulic cylinders arranged so as to simulate an HS‐20‐44 truck entering the bridge in one lane. The results indicate that the boundary conditions and the geometry of the bridge significantly influence bridge behavior. During the test, changes in the boundary conditions and yielding of the reinforcing bars caused the load path to shift twice. Failure of the slab occurred due to punching shear at a load of 3,200 kN (720 kips), equivalent to the axle load of 22 HS‐20‐44 trucks. Although the deterioration did not appear to affect flexural behavior, it did greatly reduce the punching‐shear capacity. Analysis indicates that simple modeling methods, such as strip models, overestimate structural demand and underestimate structural supply because they do not properly account for additional load‐carrying ...


Reaction of N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenylsulfonyl)-γ,δ-cis- or -trans-γ,δ-epimino (E)-α,β-enoates with acids such as TFA or methanesulfonic acid (MSA) affords the stereo- and regio-selective ring-opened products in high yields, and subsequent treatment of resulting δ-aminated γ-mesyloxyα,β-enoates with organocopper reagents yields diastereoisomerically pure (E)-alkene dipeptide isosteres.


Maize (Zea mays L.) is a crop grown all over the world. Its availability makes it a widely used species. It is a predominant food raw material for human or animal consumption, used as a raw material for bioethanol production and in the chemical industry. Another dynamically developing direction of the use of maize is their use for energy purposes. The paper presents the possibilities of using maize plants in the industrial aspect intended for energy production.


The history of mediaeval architecture is bound to remain essentially anonymous. The lives of the saints and of the rulers of church and state are reasonably well known, but nothing comparable survives concerning the great architects of the Middle Ages. And this is due to no mere chance, the haphazard survival or loss of records, but to the attitude of mediaeval patrons and consequently of mediaeval authors towards the personality of the architect, an attitude which differed fundamentally from that largely current since the Renaissance. Suger, the great churchman and statesman of the I2th century, in his detailed account of the consecration of the abbey of St. Denis, does not record the name of the genius who-it is no exaggeration to say-discovered the potentialities of the Gothic style, but it cannot therefore be assumed that Suger was unaware of the novelty of all that his architect had designed. Is it not legitimate curiosity to wish to know more about the character and the status of such a man? Who was the artist who con-


Vanillin reacts with p-anisidine in 1:1 molar ratio in the solid and molten states, in microwave oven and in solution. In all the cases, reaction occurred with the formation of N-(4-methoxy phenyl)–4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl methanimine (NHM) and water. Single crystal X-ray analysis shows that NHM crystallizes in the chiral orthorhombic space group P212121. An optimized geometry of NHM was computed by using density functional theory. In the case of solid-state reaction, it is proposed that a thin layer of water molecules is formed at the junction of vanillin and p-anisidine which moves progressively towards vanillin as the reaction proceeds. The overall mechanism of solid-state reaction has been proposed by a model.


The electrodesiccation of cutaneous blemishes necessitates the use of local anesthesia because without it the procedure is too painful to be acceptable to patients. Of the two methods of producing local anesthesia, namely, ethyl chloride freezing spray and infiltration with procaine or similar drugs, the local infiltration anesthesia is the more practicable. Ethyl chloride spray is impracticable for two reasons: It is inflammable, and thus unsafe for use in the presence of a spark, and the anesthetic effect wears off by the time the ethyl chloride has evaporated. In using electrodesiccation for such lesions as pigmented moles or common warts in the region of the cartilaginous portion of the nose it is sometimes difficult for one to employ an anesthetic acting by local infiltration because of the close proximity of the underlying cartilage and lack of loose subcutaneous tissue which would allow infiltration with the anesthetic. Solid carbon dioxide used


Continuous technological advances keep challenging current and future engineers to anticipate and adapt to the new trends and paradigms that are expected to take place in a near future. One of such paradigms is the Industry 4.0 that encompasses the promise of a new industrial revolution based on the interconnectivity of people and systems to communicate, analyse and use information related to industrial processes. New challenges, as well as new opportunities, will rise in this digital landscape, demanding from future engineers the ability to adapt and grow in such ground-breaking environments. With such dynamic changes taking place in the current and future industries, engineering education has to adapt and prepare future graduates to work and function in these demanding environments. The set of skills envisaged to be held by future engineers is the ability to work and collaborate using digital means of participation as well as the ability to effectively use intercultural communicative skills. To this end, an exploratory study was conducted among different European Higher Education Engineering Schools to integrate a project with common aims and goals, resulting in various collaborative engineering activities that were designed to be carried out by undergraduate industrial and mechanical engineering students to further improve their learning outcomes and to acquire, or improve on, dedicated intercultural, communicative and colaborative skills. Following both quantitative and qualitative approaches, this study combined different types of data and methods of analysis in order to provide an exploratory account of the envisaged findings.


The invention discloses an intelligent traffic analysis system, comprising a parameter setting module for setting the control parameters and calibration parameters required by each module of the system; a resolution conversion module for converting the control parameters, the calibration parameters and the resolution of an input collected image; a parameter represent module for representing the control parameters and the calibration parameters after resolution conversion into the parameter types applicable in other processing modules; a processing module for receiving the represented parameters and an object image, to process the object image under the control of the represented parameters to obtain processing result; a resolution recovery module for converting the processing result to the resolution of the input image to obtain output result; and an output module for outputting the output result. The intelligent traffic analysis system has complete structure and simple process, and is suitable for various processing algorithms, thus obtaining strong expansibility.


: This study was undertaken at the private Farm, Bani Mazar District, Minia governorate. during the two seasons of 2020 and 2021. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of irrigation water salinity, mineral and biofertilization [effective microorganisms (EM) and Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria (AC)] treatments, as well as, their combinations on the root growth and some chemical constituents of bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon , L.), grown in sandy soil. Results showed that the root growth parameters i.e., root length and fresh and dry weights/unit were enhanced with the low and medium levels of salinity (3000 and 6000 ppm), while, they decreased with the high level of salinity (9000 ppm) compared with control, in the third cut during both seasons. On the other hand, all salinity treatments increased Na, Cl, Ca (% in the dry herb) and proline content (in fresh weight), and decreased photosynthetic pigments as well as NPK %. All used mineral and/or biofertilization treatments significantly increased root length and fresh and dry weights/unit comparing with control treatment in 3 rd cut, except AC for root length and EM and AC in case of fresh and dry weights/unit, with the highest values that were obtained due to 100% mineral NPK followed by EM + AC during both seasons. N, P, K and Ca % as well as photosynthetic pigments and proline content were increased due to application with any of the sub-plot treatments, while, Na and Cl were decreased. The best interaction treatments which mitigate the adverse effects of salinity (9000 ppm) were 100% mineral NPK followed by biofertilizer (EM + AC).