The Zebrafish Model Organism Database (ZFIN; http://zfin.org) is the central resource for genetic and genomic data from zebrafish (Danio rerio) research. ZFIN staff curate detailed information about genes, mutants, genotypes, reporter lines, sequences, constructs, antibodies, knockdown reagents, expression patterns, phenotypes, gene product function, and orthology from publications. Researchers can submit mutant, transgenic, expression, and phenotype data directly to ZFIN and use the ZFIN Community Wiki to share antibody and protocol information. Data can be accessed through topic‐specific searches, a new site‐wide search, and the data‐mining resource ZebrafishMine (http://zebrafishmine.org). Data download and web service options are also available. ZFIN collaborates with major bioinformatics organizations to verify and integrate genomic sequence data, provide nomenclature support, establish reciprocal links, and participate in the development of standardized structured vocabularies (ontologies) used for data annotation and searching. ZFIN‐curated gene, function, expression, and phenotype data are available for comparative exploration at several multi‐species resources. The use of zebrafish as a model for human disease is increasing. ZFIN is supporting this growing area with three major projects: adding easy access to computed orthology data from gene pages, curating details of the gene expression pattern changes in mutant fish, and curating zebrafish models of human diseases. genesis 53:498–509, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Student evaluation is an important element in the teaching process. Student evaluation contains many elements, the most important is the evaluation of its results. But the test scores can not dynamically respond to a student's learning state. This paper presents a student achievement evaluation model of electronic science and technology based on complex network theory. We firstly construct a curriculum influence value network using the interaction relationship between the courses of electronic science and technology. Then, the test scores of each subject are included in the curriculum influencing value network to obtain the current performance evaluation network model of students. According to the structural characteristics of current performance evaluation network model, we can evaluate the quality of students' professional training. In this article, we use this model to assess the quality of the 35 electronic science and technology graduates. The results show that the evaluation of the network model can accurately measure the quality of electronic information engineering student professional training.


It is the fact that OFDM signals face the problem of high PAPR. In literatures, many PAPR reduction techniques were proposed to encounter such a problem. Those works pronounce the success of using PAPR reduction technique based on AWGN channel. However, the real propagation channels are more diverse than only AWGN, especially for indoor environments. In this paper, the performances of OFDM signals using PAPR reduction under indoor propagation are investigated. The simulation results reveal whether the use of PAPR reduction technique is able to improve the system performance and which conditions are suitable for using PAPR reduction technique under indoor propagation environment.


In order to evaluate ECCM performance of the radars on air-defense missile,the detection range of the radars was calculated according to the power rule under typical ECM(electronic counter measures),and ECM tests were conducted under chaff jamming,interference of cloud and rain,same-frequency interference and selective jamming.It is indicated that the fighting performance of the air-defense missile system will be severely impacted under the complex electromagnetic environment in battlefield.The suggestion of how to improve the ECCM performance of the system was presented at last.


The reforming works done aiming at reagent feeding system of the mineral processing factory are introduced. The problems existed originally are solved finally, and the reagent cost for mineral processing lowered simultaneously.


28 cases of acute Cushing's ulcer observed out of 2670 necropsies at the S. Spirito Hospital of Rome are reported. Special attention is paid to the most recent physiopathological aspects of the condition.


Articles on economics today are replete with references to V. I. Lenin, who is invoked as the supreme authority on the protection of "socialist" market ideals. Lenin was indeed immeasurably more flexible and daring than subsequent figures who in both theory and practice brought socialist principles to the absurdity that he fought against at the end of his life. Words in defense of "commercial," or "profit-and-loss" socialism, to use the current expression, are indeed found in his articles and pronouncements. But anyone desiring to do so can take quotations from these works and speeches and assemble them any way they choose, which is what commodityists [tovarniki] and noncommodityists [netovarniki] (the "merchants" and "cavaliers") are doing in their polemic. …


Computer has been used in many aspects including design, fabrication and installation of the industry field. As the processor and memory have been rapidly developed in the past decades, computer has been used much more abroad. This paper is mainly about computer application in Offshore Engineering. ABAQUS was the primary tool used for this simulation and analysis of deepwater Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) in association with other riser analysis tools. The simulation and analysis included storm analysis, semisubmersible motion fatigue analysis and Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) fatigue calculation. To demonstrate the computer application, an example of 20 inches SCR is given based on a deepwater SCR project. SCR wall thickness is preliminarily selected according to the industry codes. Static and dynamic strength analyses are preformed to verify the riser wall thickness. Fatigue analysis is then carried out to evaluate fatigue strength of the riser. The fatigue analysis covers different sources such as wave, current and platform motion. The metocean data in Gulf of Mexico are used for the vessel global motion calculation. The current data are used to compute the riser fatigue caused by VIV. Through the work of computation and analysis above, it was concluded that the design proposal of the SCR is reliable.


From July 1888 to April 1891, the author performed 50 celiac cuts, mainly for diseases of the female reproductive apparatus. Of these, 29 were made due to tumors of the ovaries and uterus, 13 - due to inflammatory changes in the ovaries and tubes, 2 - with an ectopic pregnancy, 1 - with an abdominal cyst (without communication with the genitals), 1 - with renal sarcoma, 1 - with sarcoma small intestine and 3 - with neoplasms of the peritoneum.


Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the economic reasons for overexploitation that led to the Bohai Gulf oil spill, using game theory. Based on the Bohai Gulf incident, we present the causes of ocean international petroleum cooperation, reveal the connection between the interests of Chinese local oil companies and that of a foreign oil company, analyze both sides of the benefit equilibrium between ConocoPhillips China Inc. and the government, and examine the three sides of the dynamic asymmetric game equilibrium among ConocoPhillips China Inc., the government, and societal opinion. The study makes the following conclusions. First, Chinese offshore international petroleum cooperation is inevitable due to China's limited development level in science and technology. Second, Chinese local oil companies and foreign oil companies have formed a community of interests. Third, the two-side dynamic game analysis shows that the punishment for offshore environment pollution is rather low in China. Fourth, the asymmetric evolutionary game model shows that public opinions enhance government supervision, improve punishment for offshore pollution, and significantly increase the cost of excessive development. In addition, our analytical framework can be applied beneficially to the development of other resources, which will provide strategic support for government legislation and international resource management.


ABSTRACT A new p-fert-butyl-calix[8]arene-bonded silica gel stationary phase was synthesized through heterogeneous functionalisation of suspended porous silica. A characterization of its structure was carried out by using elemental analysis, FTIR and 13C solid state NMR spectroscopy. Chromatographic performance of the new packing material was investigated by employing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as probes and using methanol-water as mobile phase. The investigations show that the new stationary phase behaves as a reversed phase stationary phase. The liquid chromatographic separation of PAHs solutes on the new bonded phase was compared with that on a p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene-bonded silica stationary phase. The new p-tert-butyl-calix[8]arene-bonded phase exhibited higher retention and better separation selectivity, although the carbon content and coverage of the new packing material was lower than that of the p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene bonded silica stationary phase. A possible retention mechanism for the new packing material was also proposed.


Power plants are much safer than they once were; however, plant employees still encounter hazards. Training, along with proper operation and maintenance procedures, are key to reducing accidents and mitigating their effects.


We present a framework for developing complex interacting components in computational logic. Interactive components are developed either as players making moves according to the rules of a game or as umpires that enforce the rules, thereby controlling the interactions of players. From building knowledge-based front-ends with multilingual support, we extend the framework to support the development of interfaces for connected community systems based on agents. The potential of the resulting programming methodology is that centralized organizations via umpires and decentralized organizations with autonomous players can be combined to produce interactive systems of a very complex nature.


It would be almost impossible, I think, to give any accurate idea of the course of poetry in Australia without saying something about a man who is not a poet and who has never, as far as I can discover, written a line of poetry in poetic form.


With the launching GSTP 1986, The 3rd round have been discussing ways to increase international trade between developing countries. Last year GSTP member nation set a goal of concluding a pact but talk to hammer out the details have progressed slowly. In particular, GSTP member nation agreed to launch negotiation on remodification a GSTP agreement on C/O parts have a problem awaiting solution So this paper suggest that the sensible solution on C/O negotiation is to talk with align other nation and try to new nation strategy of negotiation


Abstract Objectives Osteoblasts lay down new bone on implant surfaces. The underlying cellular mechanism and the spatio‐temporal mode of action, however, remain unclear. It can be proposed that growth factors released upon acidification by osteoclasts adsorb to the implant surface and control the early stages of osseointegration. Methods To simulate bone lysis by osteoclasts, titanium discs were exposed to acid bone lysate (ABL) followed by vigorous washing and seeding of oral fibroblasts. The expression of TGF‐β target genes interleukin 11 (IL11) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and IL11 ELISA. TGF‐β signaling activation was assessed via Smad2/3 immunofluorescence. The impact of ABL on osteogenic differentiation was determined with murine ST2 mesenchymal stromal cells. Results We report here that ABL‐conditioned titanium discs, independent of turned or rough surface, increased the expression of IL11 and NOX4. This increase was blocked by the TGF‐β receptor 1 antagonist SB431542. Further support for the TGF‐β signaling activation came from the translocation of Smad2/3 into the nucleus of oral fibroblasts. Moreover, titanium discs exposed to ABL decreased alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin in ST2 cells. Conclusions These in vitro findings suggest that titanium can adsorb TGF‐β from ABLs. The data provide a strong impetus for studies on the protein adsorption on implant surfaces in vitro and in vivo, specifically for growth factors including bone‐derived TGF‐β during successful and failed osseointegration.


In this work we report the investigation of the dynamics of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PPgMA) and PPgMA-based nanocomposites by means of dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). After characterization of neat PPgMA, we study the effect of organically modified silicate filler on the dynamics of PPgMA with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Our results suggest that the β-relaxation process, corresponding to the glass transition of PPgMA, is affected by the clay loading. The glass-transition temperature of PPgMA increases in a composition with filler content of 30 wt.%, probably because of polymer-filler interactions, which reduces the polymer chain mobility. In the nanocomposite materials a separate high temperature process due to Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization was observed with dielectric relaxation spectroscopy.


Significance Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a serine/threonine kinase often inactivated in human cancer. We demonstrate here that loss of LKB1 expression in cancer cells promotes a progrowth metabolic profile that enables increased cell growth and proliferation. Loss of LKB1 promotes increased tumor cell metabolism through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1- and reactive oxygen species-dependent increases in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). LKB1-null cells are dependent on HIF-1α to maintain cellular ATP and viability under poor nutrient conditions, raising the possibility of targeting HIF-1α for synthetic lethality in LKB1-deficient tumors. Together, our data reveal that regulation of cellular metabolism is a key function of LKB1 that may contribute to its tumor-suppressor function in human cancer. One of the major metabolic changes associated with cellular transformation is enhanced nutrient utilization, which supports tumor progression by fueling both energy production and providing biosynthetic intermediates for growth. The liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a serine/threonine kinase and tumor suppressor that couples bioenergetics to cell-growth control through regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity; however, the influence of LKB1 on tumor metabolism is not well defined. Here, we show that loss of LKB1 induces a progrowth metabolic program in proliferating cells. Cells lacking LKB1 display increased glucose and glutamine uptake and utilization, which support both cellular ATP levels and increased macromolecular biosynthesis. This LKB1-dependent reprogramming of cell metabolism is dependent on the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which accumulates under normoxia in LKB1-deficient cells and is antagonized by inhibition of mTOR complex I signaling. Silencing HIF-1α reverses the metabolic advantages conferred by reduced LKB1 signaling and impairs the growth and survival of LKB1-deficient tumor cells under low-nutrient conditions. Together, our data implicate the tumor suppressor LKB1 as a central regulator of tumor metabolism and growth control through the regulation of HIF-1α–dependent metabolic reprogramming.


This study aims to develop a modified version of the existing driving behaviour questionnaire (DBQ) by including items related to driving behaviour under rainy conditions to evaluate driving behaviour changes and their implications. A survey of 680 drivers in Iran was conducted with the modified DBQ considering rainy conditions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis concluded a four-factor solution (high velocity with a law violation, slips, positive and cautious behaviours, and aggressive driving behaviours) with a 52% explanation of variance. One of the most affected driving behaviours during rainfall is the tendency of high velocity with law violation behaviours. Compared to male drivers, female drivers showed lower high-velocity behaviours with law violation when driving in dry weather and in rainy weather. Married drivers have not only less tendency to drive fast or violate the law compared to single drivers but are also less susceptible to these actions during rain. It was observed that young drivers under 25 did not change their aggressive driving behaviours in rainy conditions. The results from this study are valuable resources to help transportation agencies to understand drivers' likely behaviour in rainy conditions and develop appropriate countermeasures to minimize the risky behaviours. Also, since aggressive driving, high acceleration, and speed variance have been reported to result in high fuel consumption and emissions, the findings from this study are valuable resources to understand the relationship between weather, driver behaviour, and emissions in future studies.


Biometric Identification Systems capture biometric data i.e. face, fingerprint, iris, etc. images and store them in the database to form a Gallery. During an identification search, incoming biometric probe data is matched against all the images in the Gallery. A decision threshold is applied to these matches to obtain the potential match(es) in the Gallery for a particular probe. Typically the above approach works very well if the gallery size is up to few thousands. However, performance degrades rapidly when the gallery size grows to few hundred thousands or millions of biometric records. We present an approach to drastically reduce the performance degradation without degrading the accuracy of the overall system.


This study is based on a study of the experience of the outdoors in early childhood education and care settings in Ireland. Central to the analyses are the inter-linkages drawn between constructions of a 'good' childhood, and children's 'need' for outdoor play, as well as the contradictions which arise around competing discourses of safety and protection versus play and autonomy in the structuring of children's everyday lives. The findings indicate that the outdoors is increasingly marginalised in young children's everyday experiences. Conclusions are drawn with reference to the implications for the development of real and meaningful outdoor play experiences for children in early childhood education and care settings.


Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. CKD is directly linked to increased morbidity and mortality. The role of vascular changes in diabetes and underlying mechanism of kidney disease is not well understood. Methods: We present a mathematical model of the small arteries in the kidney incorporating anatomical and dynamic features. It consists of a symmetrical bifurcating treeself-similar in length, cross-sectional area and wave speed. Each generation is related to the previous one by the scaling factors e.g. ln + 1 = λln, this gives properties (e.g. surface area, resistance) for each generation by a priori knowledge of the renal artery. We assume the flow is one-dimensional and laminar. Vessel walls are treated as porousmedia to find the glomerulus transmural flux. Effects of compliance are introduced by a pressure-area relationship based on circumferential stress in thin vessel walls. The set of ordinary differential equations is solved numerically. Results: The results are in accordance with physiological measurements and indicate that pressure in the vasculature is highly sensitive to changes in vessel geometry, which also affects the transmural flux in the glomerulus. Changes in the structure of the arterial wall (e.g. Young's modulus) alter the dynamics of the flow with an increased effect in the micro-circulation. Conclusion: This is a functional model describing the behaviour of the small vasculature in the kidney. The model is computationally inexpensive, can be used for analysis and tested with in vivo data in pathological conditions. © 2019 Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology. Publishing services by Atlantis Press International B.V. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). *Corresponding author. Email: email@example.com


Fifty patients with leprosy were found to have P–K titres inversely related to their serum IgE levels. Patients with leprosy react in a manner similar to normal individuals and to patients with other diseases. Serum IgG, IgM, IgA and complement were measured in twenty-five of the leprosy patients in addition to the serum IgE and only the IgG significantly positively correlated with the serum IgE. All of these leprosy patients were shown to react to exogenous histamine and they released endogenous histamine when chemically stimulated. Two patients had absent flare responses with normal weals, the remaining forty-eight had complete weal and flare responses. Higher serum IgE levels were noted in those patients with recent institution of chemotherapy.


Monocyte chemotactic factors released from type II pneumocyte-like cells in response to TNF-a and IL-1a. S. Koyama, E. Sato, H. Nomura, K. Kubo, M. Miura, T. Yamashita, S. Nagai, T. Izumi. #ERS Journals Ltd 1999. ABSTRACT: It has been reported that tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-1 induce the release of monocyte chemotactic factors (MCF), including chemokines, from A549 cells, an alveolar type II cell line. However, the relative contribution of these chemokines to MCF is still uncertain. In the present study, the relative contribution of various chemokines released from A549 cells acting as MCF upon stimulation by TNF-a and IL-1a, was evaluated. TNF-a and IL-1a induced the release of MCF in a doseand time-dependent manner (p<0.001). The release of MCF was inhibited by cycloheximide and lipoxygenase inhibitors. Molecular sieve column chromatography revealed multiple peaks of MCF (near 60 kDa, 25±22 kDa, 15±13 kDa, 8 kDa, and 400 Da). Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor-antagonists inhibited MCF by 50% after 24 h and 30% after 72 h. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor (TGF)-b, "regulated on activation, normal T-cells, expressed and secreted" (RANTES), and granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor (GM-CSF) were released significantly in response to IL-1a and TNF-a, and antibodies to MCP-1, GM-CSF, and RANTES inhibited MCF activity by 40, 5 and 20% after 24 h, and by 50, 20, and 10% after 72 h, respectively. Each antibody or LTB4 receptor-antagonist inhibited the corresponding column chromatography-separated molecular weight peak of MCF. These data suggest that A549 cells release monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as the predominant monocyte chemotactic factor rather than granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, RANTES, and transforming growth factor-b, and that leukotriene B4 is constitutively released as a monocyte chemotactic factor. Eur Respir J 1999; 13: 820±828. *The First Dept of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan. Mitsubishi Kagaku BCL, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan. Chest Disease Research Institute, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinn, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan.


Among the strategies to improve public access to justice, increasing the accessibility and comprehensibility of legal information must be ranked as important. In this paper, the authors explore how libraries and librarians might play a role in providing the public with access and guidance to legal information. These issues are considered primarily in the context of two scenarios: that of the self-represented litigant, and that of a party to a limited scope retainer. The authors consider in particular how public libraries as a public space and public librarians as trusted intermediaries might support the objective of greater access. The possible roles of law society/courthouse and academic libraries in training and collection development are also considered. The distinction between providing access to legal information and giving legal advice is discussed briefly, and the authors suggest some possible ways of clarifying this distinction while pursuing the goal of expanding public access to legal information.


Aiming at the multiple IP core integration problem based on SoC,a software and hardware co-design scheme is presented,and the model of configurable cipher algorithm IP core interface circuit is established.By introducing the bridge chip technology and programmable method,the problem of interface widths not coincident with each other is solved.In the basis of introducing MCU(micro controller unit) and configurable cipher algorithm IP core,with their interrelated functions,by providing the example based on dual port storage and register group interface circuit,the perfectibility and universality of the IP core interface circuit is verified.


Nodal scar is the most important factor affecting timber quality of poplar .It is one of the key techniques of improving timber quality of poplar to effectively control the nodal scars of stem and decrease the numbers of insect hole .The results indicate that pruning (pruning in equal height and pruning in equal diamater), controlling insect hole and scientific forestation are important measures to enhance the non-nodal degree of stem.Strengthening prevention and control of long-horned beetles is a way of decreasing numbers of insect hole .Therefore , many plus clones with worm resistance should be introduced in forestation .Planting by suckers and planting by stock with twoyear- old root system and one-year-old stem should by popularized in order to increase the natural non-nodal proportion of poplars.


PID control has become one of main techniques of industry control because of its simple structure, good stability, reliable operation and facile adjustment. The construction and parameters of controlled object change with time elapsing; PID parameters need adjusting according to the actual state of the controlled object so as to guarantee the optimal control effect. Therefore, mastering basic PID parameter tuning method is significant. This paper analyses PID control principle, discusses respectively in detail the step response dynamic test method, critical proportionality method and empirical trial method. It also compares their features.


There are few treatment options for patients with extensively drug-resistant gram-negative infections. Cefiderocol is a novel β-lactam with excellent in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant gram-negative isolates, including carbapenem-resistant strains. However, this drug performed poorly versus best available therapy in an open-label randomized study of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative infections. Here, we present a case of a 32-year-old man with necrotizing ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosawho developed resistance to meropenem and ceftolozane/tazobactam while on therapy. Addition of expanded-access cefiderocol to his antimicrobial regimen contributed to successful microbiological cure while limiting exposure to nephrotoxic therapeutic agents.


Doris Lessing, an unrivaled novelist in the literary genres around the globe, portrays the fundamental problems of women as well as social system of her times. Lessing searches for new models to communicate the experiences of a blocked woman writer, who spends her early life in Africa, becomes an active and a disappointed communist, who is a politically committed writer, a mother, a wife, or a mistress sometimes a woman. With her very keen and subtle attitude, Lessing wants to present women's psychological conflicts between marriage and love; motherhood and profession, unfairness of the double standard; alienation of a single career woman; hollowness of marriage in the traditional order and society. Lessing portrays her women in various social problems and with various perspectives of male against female. She tries to awaken women community to protest against the patriarchy through her feminist writings. For this purpose, this research paper would like to examine the psychological conflicts and traumatic experiences of powerful heroines, including- Anna Wulf of The Golden Notebook , Mary Turner of The Grass Is Singing , and Clefts of The Cleft .


The present Practical Complex Examination, aims to make a legal study of the rights of the father and maternal grandparents on their grandchildren in the cases of death of the mother of the children. This is a case of factual facts that contain budgets that constitute the violation of the rights of the father to exercise the Patria Potestad on their children in the absence of the mother, we have studied the Patria Potestad, Tenencia and the Personal Appeal, once studied and Analyzed the variables we have been able to establish that the grandparents not only contract rights but also obligations with their grandchildren as the visits regime or the obligation of food towards their grandchildren in case that their parents can not cover, as well as with the General Organic Code of Processes establishes that the Personal Appeal Ballot is valid, and that the rights and obligations of the parents are embodied in the Childhood and Adolescence Code; In the present case before the death of the mother of the children, the law allows that in the absence of one parent the other will exercise the Patria Potestad over their children. Arriving at the conclusion that the rights holder are not the grandparents or parents, if not the Boys and Girls and these rights will prevail over any other right and that these involve a Parental-filial relationship. The research of the present work is carried out through the hermeneutic and exegetical methodology and bibliographic database revision.


The Signing Family shows parents how to create a set of goals for signing centered around the needs of their deaf child, then describes in even-handed terms the major signing options available: American Sign Language, Signed English, Signing Exact English, and Contact Sign. Parents will learn how each of these signing methods originated and, in the case of English signing systems, why they were created and what they are meant to impart to deaf children. Parents will also learn their legal rights in the education of their child and how to work with schools to provide their sign preference in the child's classroom. Armed with all of this thorough information, parents can determine how each type of signing maps onto their goals for themselves and their child, both within the family and in the educational system.


Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese, or CSJ, is a large-scale database of spontaneous Japanese. It contains speech signal and transcription of about 7 million words along with various annotations like POS and phonetic labels. After describing its design issues, preliminary evaluation of the CSJ was presented. The results suggest strongly the usefulness of the CSJ as the resource for the study of spontaneous speech.


This discussion highlights rubrics as evaluation, teaching and learning tools. Rubrics are defined, examples are provided, and the reader is guided through the creation of their own rubric tools. Rubrics set the guidelines for students' works in progress and may help students produce higher quality work.


Aim. The aim was to study the modern clinicolaboratory peculiarities of biliary dysfunction course in children. Materials and methods. Fifty children (aged 7-14 years) with biliary dysfunction were under observation. Complex examination with studying of biochemical and functional indices (ultrasound investigation of abdominal cavity, duodenal intubation) was carried out. Results. Biliary dysfunction in the observed children often was combined with gastritis (94,0 %), duodenitis (84,0 %), pancreatic reactive changes (74,0 %). Clinical picture of this functional disorder was characterized by prevailing abdominalgia (96,0 %), dyspeptic syndrome in the form of eructation (74,0 %), nausea (70,0 %), absence of appetite (70,0 %). More often, gall bladder hypokinesia (54,0 %) and Oddi's sphincter hypertonus (52,0 %) were diagnosed. Billiary dysfunction was accompanied by gall bladder wall thickening (76,0 %) and increased hepatic bile flow rate (3,0 ± 0,4). Conclusions. Pediatric biliary dysfunction is often one of the components of esophageal comorbid status causing occurrence of organic gastrointestinal lesions. Early diagnosis of this functional disorder followed by prophylactic measures for prevention of the development of gastrointestinal pathology is required.


Due to the explosive growth and popularity of the deep web, information extraction from deep web page has gained more and more attention. However, the HTML structure of web page has become more complicated, making it difficult to recognize target content by only analyzing the HTML source code. In this paper, we propose a method to extract the informative blocks from a deep web using the layout feature. We consider the visual rectangular region of an HTML element as a visual block in web page. We transform the elements' layout of a visual block into a layout tree. By calculating the similarity of layout trees, we cluster the visual blocks that have similar layout feature. Finally, the cluster which has the largest area is extracted as the informative block cluster. The experiment results show that this method is optimal when the threshold of layout tree similarity is 0.4.


An instrument to measure the polarization characteristics of skylight is described. It is based on the sequential detection of light transmitted by polarizers oriented at 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° with respect to a reference direction. It incorporates the modifications brought about in an earlier version so as to improve the accuracy of measurements by eliminating the problems of drift in the detectors and amplifiers and the difficulty of matching the optical components in the different channels.


............................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgements .............................................................................................. v Table of contents ................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ...................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1 – Introduction ....................................................................................... 1 1.


Fs-GHz-burst experiments with up to 25 pulses per burst show strong melting effects and a tremendous decrease of the removal rate. The latter follows the tendency obtained for single pulses of corresponding pulse duration.


The stress of hammer lever under the eccentric impact load has been analyze d and coefficient of cycle stress concentration deduced,according to the bendi ng and the maximum stress of the increasing speed of crack and the number of ope rating cycle before hammer lever wreckage;hence calculation of the cross sectio n area of hammer lever according to eccentric load by secant formula.


The purpose of this study was to examine and compare use of the Internet among various sectors of the faculty, in order to verify the influence of a number of parameters on this use, e.g.: (1) The field and research interests of the faculty members; (2) formal training in the use of the internet via courses, workshops, etc.; (3) self-instruction in the use of the Internet by means of manuals, how-to books, etc.; (4) general use and knowledge of computers; and (5) perceived need for the information this network can provide. Questionnaires were sent to faculty members in all departments and professional schools of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, a total population of 918 for both the pilot project and the main study. Results indicated that Internet use is consistently higher among faculty members in the sciences and agriculture ("Sciagr") than among those in the humanities or social sciences ("Humsoc"), suggesting that, among other things, the connectivity level of the Humsoc group may be lowr than that of the Sciagr group. The Humsoc group also showed a higher demand for courses in Internet use. Suggestions for raising the level of Internet use among the various disciplines of the faculty are included. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The success of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer is unpredictable due in part to abnormal patterns of DNA methylation and histone modifications in the donor genome. The state of these epigenetic markers appears to regulate the timing and degree of embryonic gene expression by altering chromatin structure. In this study, we sought to determine the pattern of DNA methylation in genetically distinct clonal populations of swine fetal fibroblast donor cells that have previously been demonstrated to have either consistently high or consistently low success at producing healthy cloned pigs. To accomplish this goal, we combined methylated DNA immunoprecipitation using antibodies to 5-methylcytosine with Illumina high throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq) to detect broad regions of methylated and unmethylated DNA in the 2 populations of donor cells (termed high success v. low success). Size-selected immunoprecipitated DNA samples each had matching input controls. Model-based analysis of ChIP-Seq revealed a total of 272 598 and 261 339 genomic regions enriched for methylated cytosine in high v. low success donor cells, respectively. The majority of these enriched regions (peaks) in high and low success samples coincided in genomic position, but 12.9% of the peaks were unique in high success cells, while 20.4% were unique in low success cells. When intersected with 38 778 predicted CpG islands in the swine genome, 3129 of the total MeDIP peaks (1.1%) overlapped for high success cells as compared to 1836 peaks (0.7%) for the low success cells. Of these intersecting MeDIP-CpG peaks for both groups, 1505 peaks were located in unique locations for high success cells and 205 were unique for low success cells. The chromosomal location of the CpG intersections differed between each cell populations, with the greatest number of overlaps on chromosomes 1 and 3 for high and low success cells, respectively, and the least number of overlaps on chromosomes 9 and 13, respectively. Of the total MeDIP peaks, 6632 (2.4%) from the high success cell population overlapped with predicted swine genes (UCSC Genome Database/Ensembl) compared to 4041 (1.5%) from low success donor cells. Less similar was the percentage of the predicted genes in these methylated regions that were unique to each cell group: 2875 (43.4%) for high success cells v. 338 (8.3%) for low success cells. These results highlight differences in the degree of DNA methylation and the pattern of methylated genes in NT donor cells that produce healthy clones v. those that do not. Such comprehensive genomic analyses of epigenetic markers may provide predictive data to screen for optimal NT donor cells, thereby improving cloning efficiency. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health NIH R01 RR013438 and Food for the 21st Century at the University of Missouri.


The article is devoted to the problem of teaching Russian phonetics and orthoepy in Dagestan non-Russian schools. Particular attention is paid to the account of phonetic systemic relations of contacting languages. The authors prove the necessity to develop a scientifically based and methodically thought-out system of exercises with account of the interference of the mother tongue.


Cicatricial pemphigoid (benign mucusal pemphigoid) is a chronic, nonhereditary blistering disease which affects predominantly the mucous membranes, particularly the eyes and mouth, and may lead to scarring. The skin is involved in about one third of cases. Histopathathologically, the blister is subepidermal. Immunofluoresent studies have shown that the majority of persons with cicatricial pemphigold have deposition of immunoglobulin at the basement membrane zone of the affected skin, oral mucosa, and conjunctiva. Occasionally the serum may also contain circulating basement membrane zone antibedies. Histopathologic and immunofluorescent studies may be of help in differentiating cicatricial pemphigold from diseases with which it may be confused Clinically. A relationship between cicatricial pemphigold and bullous pemphigold seems likely, and there is evidence to suggest that both diseases may be autoimmune in nature.


The nutritious jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) is a member of the Rhamnaceous family and grows mainly in inland areas of Europe, southern and eastern Asia, Australia and especially northern China. Jujubes have a long history as fruit and medicinal. The main bioactive components are vitamin C, phenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids and polysaccharides. Chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid) is a phenolic compound of the hydroxycinnamic acid family found in the hydroethanolic fruit extract of Z.jujuba. This polyphenol has many health-enhancing properties, most of which are relevant for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive effects. Methods: Molecular docking of COX2 with chlorogenic acid was carried out by AutoDock. Result: The molecular docking result revealed that chlorogenic acid showed encouraging docking score. The docking score found to be -5.15.


At the 1987 ACRES conference, March 17-21, 1987, six programs were awarded for exemplary rural special education practices. Three programs are profiled here, the other three profiles appeared in RSEQ volume 7, number 4, pages 34-38. See page 32 of the same issue for a conference summary.


Consumer informedness plays a critical role in determining consumer choice. Companies now use hyperdifferentiation and resonance marketing strategies to benefit from the long-tail. We test the theory of consumer informedness in a field experiment. The data are from two stated choice experiments in the pubic transport industry in the Netherlands. The increasing implementation of smart card and mobile technology provides opportunities for service providers to achieve new 'best practices' in revenue management. The results provide evidence for trading down (purchase the product with the lowest price) and trading out behavior (purchase the product that suits a specific need). They also have implications for pricing and revenue management for public transport market.


In association with the spindally modulated structure, the thermally activated motion of a dislocation in periodic (both one-dimensional and two-dimensional) fields is considered. For the two-dimensional case of the periodic field, it was found that the motion of dislocations is determined uniquely by the variation of internal stress along the direction where the dislocations find the largest resistance, being in good agreement in the activation process with the one-dimensional cases. The results indicate the possibility of the expansion of the present discussion to the motion of dislocations in more general nonperiodic stress fields. Deformation structure in spinodally modulated structure consists of curved dislocations with cusps and sharp bends. This is in contrast to the straight dislocations that are usually found in deformed as-quenched specimens. Further, the dislocation density in deformed regions of aged specimens is much smaller compared to that in as-quenched specimens. Large-grained samples are much more suitable to study the deformation structure in spinodally modulated structure as compared to fine-grained specimens. 17 figures.


A sharp decrease in Corg/Ntot ratios and apparently heavier stable isotope ratios of Corg and Ntot (δ13Corg and δ15Ntot) after deglaciation were observed in sediment cores St‐25 and St‐34 collected from the Saint Anna Trough in the Kara Sea, exhibiting a change of sediment origin from terrestrial to marine during the LGM and Holocene times. Organic nitrogen (Norg) contributed about 40% to total nitrogen (Ntot) during the Holocene, but the Norg fraction was hardly observed in the lower LGM sediments (below 120 cm depth in St‐25 and beneath 170 cm in St‐34). This may be due to a permanent cover of sea ice in the area during the LGM. In addition, the δ13C values for OClabile and OCresi were remarkably different between LGM and Holocene sediment. The unexpected lighter δ13C values for OCresi for the LGM period might be due to methanotrophic bacteria in the sediment of Kara Sea.


The optical sparse aperture imaging system consists of several small apertures for high resolution imaging. The incoherent light from each small aperture will form an image together strictly at the same focal plane, while the phase error will destroy such co-phase condition. The phase error is caused by deployment of small aperture and should be diminished. We applied digital holography technology to detect the wavefront of this system. The theoretical analysis and experiment are presented to demonstrate successful reconstruction of phase error.


Journal of Thoracic Oncology • Volume 8, Number 6, June 2013 A 67-year-old woman was admitted for pain in her right dorsolateral chest wall. She had a 25-pack-year smoking history. At the age of 31 years, she had undergone a radical resection for right-sided breast cancer, followed by reconstructive surgery with the insertion of an implant. She received no radiotherapy. Ten years later, the implant was replaced manually after acute dislocation. At physical examination, no abnormalities were observed except for a palpable right supraclavicular lymph node. Computerized tomography showed tumorous infiltration of the mediastinum and right supraclavicular region as well as thickening of the right chest wall (Fig. 1). Positron emission tomography showed uptake of fludeoxyglucose in mediastinal and supraclavicular masses and uptake in the right lateral chest wall, except for the implant and a more dorsally located mass (Fig. 2).


çalışma deneyimi The working life experiences of women who immigrated from Bulgaria to Turkey during the "close relatives migration" and 1989 migration. The presence of women in the labor market, whose immigration began to be accepted in the 1970s, is exposed to an insensitivity that also includes invisibility. Women's labor, which often takes place in a position defined as secondary and reserve labor or as "women's work", can be further devalued when it comes to immigration. At this point, the focus of the study is women's labor in working life as an immigrant. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the women's experience and working phenomenon before and after migration through immigrant women from Bulgaria. In this direction, the information of two groups of six immigrant women who migrated to the province of Bursa from Bulgaria between 1969-1978 with "close relatives migration agreement" and during the 1989 migration period were consulted. Comparison of the findings of this study with the examples in the literature reveals that the experience of migration and work differs by being influenced by gender, political and economic system, and socio-cultural structure. The inadequacy of women's leisure practices, their determination to own a home, with their embracing the image of "hardworking immigrant woman" and the discourse of "industriousness" that has been broken with the second generation are the other findings of


BACKGROUND: Metacognition activation is described as a pillar of a driver in the learning process. The current study investigated the effectiveness of a modified protocol of "student personalized learning" (SPL) (integrating elements of differentiation approach) on metacognitive skills development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 22 bachelors during the academic period of 2016–2017. A SPL program was designed in magnetic resonance physical principles (16 courses of 2 h). The participants underwent pre-SPL evaluation tests as to assess their respective prior knowledge, learning style, and metacognitive skills. Attendant advisory meeting allocated personalized educational planning and educational resources. During SPL, students were regularly monitored by advisory supervising meetings. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the features of the data (sums, frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations). RESULTS: The results showed a visual learning style emerging as prevalent (61.9%). The completion rate of SPL was 73%. SPL participants passed the educational module with a mean final examination score reaching 16.72 ± 3 versus 10.7 ± 5 assessed by prior knowledge testing (P < 0.05). The average global metacognition score enhanced from average to very good. Knowledge and control of self, knowledge and control of process planning, and knowledge of process regulation increased from average to very good levels. CONCLUSIONS: The resorted SPL proved its efficacy in recruiting and developing metacognitive skills. Nevertheless, knowledge and control of process-evaluation metacognitive component needs to be further investigated, especially when SPL relies on a short-term program.


and understand climate influence Author: Zexuan Xu, Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Focal Area: Insights gleaned from complex data (both observed and simulated) using AI, big data analytics, and other advanced methods, including explainable AI and physics or knowledge-guide AI Science Challenge: Current hydrological and biogeochemical model benchmarking is insufficient to evaluate the performance discrepancies, which is important in model development. There are research gaps and urgent needs to reveal the components of the model are performing poorly, or attribute performance shortcomings to the uncertainties of data, parameters, and/or mechanistic uncertainties. On the other hand, when models are performing well, rarely is it investigated whether they are "right for the right reasons", meaning that the model outputs are accurate and that accuracy is the result of accurate representations of constituent processes, rather than the result of cross canceling errors. Additionally, the spatiotemporal variability in the dominant mechanism controlling geochemical fluxes, and two-way feedbacks with changing climate at various timescales are missing with advanced analytics tools. Rationale: The existing challenges in filling the research gaps include: 1) Scarcity of observational datasets, particularly geochemistry data, in and beyond the intensive-instrumented region/watershed, for such information flow mapping studies; 2) The hurdles of mechanistic model, e.g., processes complexitivity, computationally intensive, data requirement and scalability, hinder the statistical robustness of information flow over many model realizations; 3) The developments, evaluations and applications of data-driven machine learning (ML)/AI in hydrological and biogeochemical models are limited, thus result in insufficient representative of the model diversity hence predictivities and capabilities for the science questions. The success of the proposed research could: 1) Gain insights of hydrological and biogeochemical interaction in addition to the physical-based models. This is particularly helpful to identify the environmental factors that sustain "hot spot and hot moment" of biogeochemical at the watershed scale, and addresses one of the key research questions of the EESSD's biogeochemistry grand challenges; 2) Enhance hydrological and biogeochemical predictability of both mechanistic and ML models with causation and knowledge gained from the information flow analysis. Particularly, the information flow analysis results could provide additional and/or refine features for the ML models, and assist model selection with appropriate metrics. Narrative: The advantages of information theory have been recognized over traditional statistical approaches spread and used in the earth system science. Information, or entropy, quantified as H = p log p dx (Shannon, 1948), where p is the probability that random variable Xi is equal to x, is a measure of the total uncertainty contained within variable X. Information theory quantifies the


We describe chemical separation and mass spectrometric procedures for the measurement of radium isotopes in geologic samples. These methods provide 226Ra/228Ra ratio measurements for 1 g or less of rock sample containing subpicogram amounts of radium with precision better than 1.5% (95% confidence level). Radium-226 concentrations were measured by isotope dilution for smaller sample sizes (100-500 mg) containing as little as 1-10 fg of total 226Ra with similar high precision.


The loss of bone and the increased incidence of spontaneous fractures in the femoral neck and spine during aging is a serious medical problem. However, osteoporosis is not usually diagnosed prior to the occurrence of a spontaneous fracture due to the difficulty in accurately determining in x179 the amount of bone in these areas. The monoenergetic x-ray ·photon absorptiometric technique for determining bone mineral content provides an accurate and precise measurement, but the method is usually limited to the appendicular bones. The relationships between the mineral contents at various sites on the radius, femoral neck and lower thoracic vertebrae of twenty-four skeletons (ages from 35 to 89 years) were examined to evaluate the ability of the radius mineral content to reflect the mineral content of the femoral neck and the spine. It was found that the radius bone mineral content was highly related to that of the femoral neck, r = 0.87, and moderately related to the mineral content of the thoracic vertebrae with the majority of the correlation coefficients between 0.60 and 0.70. Also ·regression analyses indicated that the radius mineral content and age provides a moderately accurate estimate (standard error of estimate of about 17%) of the mineral contents of the femoral neck and spinq.


An active noise control system has been developed based on a system identification concept using a recursive adaptive filter to model the direct and feedback elements of an acoustic system. An independent random noise source is used with a second adaptive filter to provide a model of the output transducer and error path transfer functions. This system has the ability to continuously cancel narrow band and broadband noise. The system identification configuration combined with adaptive filter techniques enables the system to respond quickly and accurately to changes in time‐varying sources, such as frequency or amplitude, and changes in the acoustical system, such as temperature. Noise reduction results will be presented. The system capabilities will be demonstrated on a variety of time‐varying sources and time‐varying acoustical elements. The ability of the system to track these changes in real‐time as well as implications for actual applications will be discussed.


For many years the Navy has made upper-air observations at their various air-stations but observations at sea were few and far between, chiefly because of the great amount of work required to launch and land a single airplane on a carrier. Commanding Officers were loath to burden their crews with the additional work required to shift airplanes all over the flight-deck, for the launching and recovery of one airplane was practically as much work as 75 airplanes.

In recent years with the increased interest in weather-information in the Fleet and the support of various admirals in command, the ship aerological units have been able to obtain a few consistent dally soundings. With the aim of bringing some of this information out into the light of day before it gets too deeply buried in the files, I have prepared a composite picture of some of the observations made in the Pacific.


Normal stresses and the shear stress in steady shear flow as well as the dynamic complex modulus are measured for dilute solutions of poly-n-butyl methacrylate in chlorinated diphenyl, in the range of concentration, 0.2∼1.0 wt.% and of molecular weight, 5.21×105∼2.30×106. The secondary normal stress was negligibly small compared to the principal one when the rate of shear was low. The steady shear compliance was proportional to the number of polymer molecules in the solution and its magnitude was of the order predicted from the spring-beads model theories. A relatively strong tendency to non-Newtonian effect was observed for the solutions with relatively high concentrations, and the reduced plot which was successfully performed for polystyrene solutions failed in this case at high rate of shear.


Rice hull burning (RHB) is a traditional cultural practice of many onion growers in San Jose City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, mainly for weed control and increased yield. The resulting carbonized rice hull (ash) is incorporated into the soil during land preparation before transplanting of onion. Studies to evaluate the effect of RHB on the population of the rice root-knotnematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, and onion yield were conducted in a farmer's field naturally infested with the pathogen. Burning of 15-cm-deep rice hulls significantly reduced the nematode populations in the soil and increased onion yield. Increasing the thickness of rice hulls burned to 30 cm deep resulted in a yield increase of 44.2% over no RHB and 11.9% over 15-cm-deep rice hulls, while the yield increase with 15-cm-thick hulls was 28.8% over no RHB. Plots that received rice hulls 30 cm deep also produced 37.7% more large bulbs for export than those plots that received 15-cm-deep hulls, and 151.7% more than those plots with no RHB. Deep ploughing did not significantly affect nematode populations compared with standard ploughing. Organic amendment did not contribute to an increase in onion yield and has no effect on the population of rice root-knot nematode.


The immune system is a complex distributed system consisting of cells, which circulate through the body, communicate and turnover in response to antigenic perturbations. We discuss new approaches to modelling the functioning of the immune system of humans and experimental animals with a focus on its 'complexity'. Emerging mathematical and computer models are reviewed to describe the immune system diversity, the cell/cytokine network communication structures, hierarchical regulation, and evolutionary dynamics of immune repertoires.


An important role for β‐catenin in liver regeneration is observed in mice, rats and more recently in zebrafish and humans. In order to elucidate any stimulatory impact of β‐catenin on liver regeneration, we utilized transgenic (TG) mice that overexpress β‐catenin under an albumin promoter/enhancer in FVB strain. Using the partial hepatectomy (PHx) model of liver regeneration, we found a dramatic increase in cell proliferation in TG mice as compared to WT at 40H after PHx, before the onset of proliferation in WT FVB mice that occurs at 72H. Coincident with the earlier onset of proliferation, β‐catenin translocates to the nucleus at 40H post‐PHx in TGs, whereas this translocation does not occur until 72H in WT. Analysis of cyclin D1 expression by Western blotting showed that levels of this cell‐cycle regulator are several‐fold higher in TG than in WT at 40H. We tested if hydrodynamic delivery of Wnt‐1 naked DNA could also impact regeneration in WT mice. We observed a significant increase in total Wnt‐1, β‐catenin, glutamine synthetase, cyclin‐D1 and PCNA in the Wnt‐1 and not the control plasmid‐injected mice, similar to that seen in the β‐catenin overexpressing TG mice. In conclusion, stimulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling induces liver regeneration through induction of such downstream targets as cyclin‐D1, and thus might have implications in regenerative medicine.


Based on num erous experim ental data and in-place m easurem ents, the engi- neering geologicalCharacteristicsofbaserock katam orphism area are analysed. Thelaw of overburden failure and phenom enon of underground pressure adjacent to katam or- phism area , and the m echanism and m ethods of reducing w aterproof pillars are dis- cussed.


Interventional methods of treatment of arterial problems resulting from thoracic outlet obstruction include thrombectomy by Fogarty balloon catheter, cervical sympathectomy, resection of the stenotic aneurysmal segment of artery together with resection of the first and cervical rib. The following is a report of the successful use of a 25 centimeter saphenous vein axillary-brachial bypass graft for arterial occlusion, together with cervical and first rib resection for thoracic outlet obstruction.


The major divisions of the article deal with the following topics: introduction, situations of innovation, symbolism, structure of the tale, psychological functions, sociological functions, relation to reality and research suggestions. The term folktale is used broadly to refer to any traditional dramatic narrative of more or less fixed form, transmitted primarily in oral tradition. Myths, legends, fables, etc., are thus intended by the term as well as tales in the narrow sense of stereotyped narratives told for entertainment without concern for their truth value. It is tempting to subtract the "folk" from "folktale" and extend the scope of discussion to include written tales as well. For some purposes there is no objection to doing this, but the introduction of writing brings in additional problems as to structure and function so written literature is not specifically discussed. In the sociopsychological study of folktales at least three semi-independent systems are involved: (1) the tale itself, considered as connected and rather tightly structured discourse; (2) the modal personality of the typical audience-narrator group for the tale; and (3) the social system relevant to the tale, including not only that segment of the society in which are found the active and passive participants in the tale (i.e., the "bearers" of the tale as an item of culture) but the pattern of the whole society. The sociopsychological analysis of folktales involves the study of the relations between the first of these systems and the other two. The objective is to discover to what extent and in what way the form and content of tales coming from a given society are related to features of the personality of the bearers of these tales and to features of the social system of these bearers. This analysis presupposes a separate understanding of each of the three systems: tale, personality, and society. The latter two are not discussed except as they concern folktale analysis, but the former is discussed as a self-contained system in the section entitled "Structure of the Tale." Relations between tales on the one hand and the psychological and social systems on the other are discussed in terms of the social and psychological content of tales, the relation of the tale images to social and psychological reality, and the functions of tale narration in psychological and social activity. Some of the principal positions taken on these questions are: (1) the series of dramatic images evoked by a folktale may be regarded as consisting of symbolic references to features of the psychological structure of the bearers of the tale and the social structure of their community; (2) the symbolism is most commonly overdetermined (multiple) and ambivalent, but this should not be taken to mean that there is an indefinite number of cultural meanings to a tale, nor that all meanings are of equal prominence; (3) folktales may aid emotional adjustment both by providing catharsis and wish fulfillment, but the process varies in different kinds of tale; (4) tales have the function of supporting social values, but these values may be those of a social group of any size from a fairly small segment of a community on up. In supporting the values of one group, the tale may oppose the values of another, even within a community, and may therefore tend to produce social fission on a higher level as well as integration on a lower; (5) tale collections may be used eventually to diagnose a number of features of psychological and social structure, but for the most effective work one needs a sizeable representative collection of tales with information on the audience and audience attitude toward each tale. In the final section, attention is called to some research which is relevant to testing and elaborating the propositions in the body of the article, and to establishing the relative importance of various sociological and psychological factors in influencing the body of folktales in a society.


P148 The arterial wall in hypertension is characterized by thickening of the media, in part due to increased deposition of connective tissue. Autocrine and paracrine factors may participate in this process; including products of the kallikrein-kinin system. We evaluated early signal transduction events and effects on collagen formation in B 1 -stimulated human myofibroblast cells (IMR-90). We measured cytosolic calcium (Ca cyt ) levels in cells loaded with FURA-2AM. Gene expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and α1(I) collagen was determined by estimating mRNA levels using Northern analysis of B 1 stimulated cells. Activation of the B 1 receptor with des-arg 10 -kallidin stimulated a three-fold increase in CTGF mRNA by increasing its stability. Furthermore, B 1 receptor activation caused an increase in α1(I) collagen mRNA and a four-fold increase in type I collagen synthesis in these cells; events not observed in B 2 receptor-stimulated cells. Activation of the B 1 receptor stimulated a dose dependent rise in Ca cyt (EC 50 =1.9nM) which was completely inhibited by des-arg 10 -[leu 9 ]-kallidin (100nM), a B 1 receptor antagonist. Isosmotic replacement of extracellular Na + with N -methyl,D-glucamine blocked > 90% of the B 1 stimulated rise in Ca cyt . A similar effect was observed when Ca 2+ was removed from the extracellular media, suggesting a role for the plasma membrane Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger (NCX). To further define a role for the NCX on CTGF formation we used dichlorobenzamil (DCB) and KB-R7943, two specific NCX inhibitors. DCB completely blocked the activation of B 1 receptor induced increase in CTGF mRNA stability while not affecting basal CTGF mRNA levels. In contrast, preincubation with EIPA, an amiloride analog, did not affect basal or stimulated CTGF mRNA levels. Furthermore, 60μM KB-R7943 blocked the B 1 stimulated rise in Ca cyt . NCX isoform 1 was identified in these cells using RT-PCR and immuno-detection. Thus, B 1 receptor stimulation increases fibrogenesis through a mechanism that involves modulation of cation metabolism via reverse-mode activation of NCX.


In the present work, and for the first time, three whey protein-derived peptides (IAEK, IPAVF, MHI), endowed with ACE inhibitory activity, were examined for their antiviral activity against the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro) and Human Rhinovirus 3C protease (3Cpro) by employing molecular docking. Computational studies showed reliable binding poses within 3CLpro for the three investigated small peptides, considering docking scores as well as the binding free energy values. Validation by in vitro experiments confirmed these results. In particular, IPAVF exhibited the highest inhibitory activity by returning an IC50 equal to 1.21 μM; it was followed by IAEK, which registered an IC50 of 154.40 μM, whereas MHI was less active with an IC50 equal to 2700.62 μM. On the other hand, none of the assayed peptides registered inhibitory activity against 3Cpro. Based on these results, the herein presented small peptides are introduced as promising molecules to be exploited in the development of "target-specific antiviral" agents against SARS-CoV-2.


The Cu/Zn ratio of 20 kinds Chinese traditional medicines for treating vascular and cerebral vascular disease was determined by FAAS.The result shows that the Cu/Zn of treating cerebral vascular disease was higher than the Cu/Zn of treating vascular disease, and there was difference between them (p 0.05). It proved a useful data for approaching the relation between element and treatment of the vascular and cerebral vascular disease and it also proved foundation for reasonabe use of medicines at clinic.


The optical element of multi-fiber cable comprises a plurality of optical fibers. It is characterized in that said fiber assembly (2) is of semi-called compact structure and includes along its length first portions (4) in which said fibers are bonded together in a coating (3) and second portions (5) alternating with the first and wherein the fibers are free. Application optical cable or optical part of a power cable.


Embsaygnathus crosbiei sp. nov. Jones is recorded from Arundian limestones at Newcastle, Co. Dublin, Ireland. It is suggested that E. crosbiei and Embsaygnathus asymmetricus Metcalfe were derived from the Geniculatus claviger Roundy — Geniculatus glottoides Vosges lineage.


Edition of forty Judeo-Spanish poetical texts (poems, Coplas and traditional songs), for the most part unpublished yet. These texts are used for illustrating the emancipation process of the sephardic women in the Ottoman Empire and the Balkans from the end of the 19th century on, always from the critical perspective of their male authors. After a first introductory poem, the texts are organized according to the following topics: 1) Transformation of the general environment; 2) New fashions and luxuries; 3) Modern dance; 4) Relationship between boys and girls; 5) Choosing the groom; 6) The dowry; 7) Familial life after wedding. A glossary and the bibliography are included at the end.


Welcome to the Middleware Engineering (ME) track of 23rd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (ACM SAC 2008). Research in middleware systems has evolved from simple client server models to distributed systems, peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, mobile devices, service oriented computing, grid computing, agent based computing, smart environment, and sensors network. Each of the above areas in distributed computing, peer-to-peer computing, service oriented computing, grid computing, agent based computing and smart devices, and sensor networks, poses its own unique challenges in the design, development and deployment of middleware, its components and applications using such middleware. The main objective of the middleware engineering track is to bring together researchers and practitioners working in middleware systems with topics ranging from different areas from the afore mentioned areas under one roof with an aim of encouraging exchange of ideas and experiences among these diverse communities.


Objective To investigate the effect of family nursing intervention on life satisfaction in patients with hemodialysis.Methods 128 patients with hemodialysis in our hospital were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,64 cases in each group.Traditional health nursing methods were used in control group and home nursing intervention was carried out in experimental group.Patients' life satisfaction in the two groups was investigated by Neugarten' life satisfaction scale,the life satisfaction,nutrition and kidney function were compared between the two groups.Results The life satisfaction score,blood urea nitrogen,Creatinine,Albumin,hemoglobin in the two groups before intervention were similar ( P > 0.05 ).After intervention,the life satisfaction score,life satisfaction index A,life satisfaction index B were (20.07 ± 1.39),( 17.35 ± 1.04) and ( 18.49 ± 1.10) in experimental group,but ( 14.71 ± 0.81 ),( 15.00 ± 0.75 ) and (15.49 ±0.85) in sequence in control group,there were statistically significant differences between the two groups(t =22.43,2.10,10.30; P < 0.05 ),blood urea nitrogen,Creatinine,Albumin,hemoglobin in experimental group after intervention were better than that in control group ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusions Home nursing intervention can improve life satisfaction of patients with hemodialysis in community then it can improve the quality of life.

Key words:
Hemodialysis;  Renal failure;  Home nursing;  Life satisfaction;  Community


Pressure-dependent properties in layered transition-dichalcogenides are important for our understanding of their basic structures and applications. We investigate the electronic structure in MoSe2 monolayer under external pressure up to 5.73 GPa by Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The double resonance out-of-plane acoustic mode (2ZA) phonon is observed in Raman spectroscopy near 250 cm−1, which presents pronounced intensity and pressure dependence. Significant variation in 2ZA peak intensity under different pressures reflects the change in electronic band structure as pressure varies, which is consistent with the blue shift in PL spectroscopy. The high sensitivity in both Raman and PL spectroscopy under moderate pressure in such a two-dimensional material may have many advantages for optoelectronic applications.


In this paper we made a computational method for analize fluids using the PIV cross correlation method and analize turbulent fluid with time based fluctuation method. This library is for Octave program and the visualization from VTK software.


This essay questions what would be the 'space' of new poetics in the inter-disciplinary era, how archives, historical documents, and testimony affect and reconstruct poetry writing and reading practices. Reading Wing Tek Lum's The Nanjing Massacre: Poems reveals how history and literature can be reawakened as a form of 'belated witness.' The Nanjing Massacre: Poems is a series of snapshots not just of human cruelty but also of human compassion, and finally draws a vivid landscape of the buried, the forgotten, the unsaid, the unacceptable, the unpleasant. Wing Tek Lum invites readers to rethink the space of new poetics in the era of inter-disciplinary studies and cultural fusion, especially when poetry is trapped in social and historical contexts in the 'numb feel' of a particular era. His poetic language and form touch the numb feeling, the impossible, and reconstruct the possibility of communication in the imagined space where disaster and tragedy reside. His poetic experiments with documents bridge history and literature, Asia and America. Is his 'belated witness' doing the impossible task of recovering the lost voice of history, crossing the boundary of languages and borderlines? My answer is, with the arrival of witness, the space of American poetry is expanded not just as a territory but as the form of amalgamation, merging facts, documents, and imagination. Finally, it undertakes resuscitation of the dead, severely marginalized space of poetry in this Dead Poets Society.


One of the most promising connections that linguistics can make to other fields is to the legal arena, primarily because much of the work in law is done in language and it is often largely about language, either spoken or written. For example, lawsuits, indictments, pleadings, briefs, legal opinions, and, of course, laws and statutes are all revealed and preserved in written language. Courtroom appearances and testimony, although presented orally, end up in written form and even oral evidence gets transformed into written transcripts. We beg in with the observation that language and law are close bedfellows. 1. The Beginnings The development of any new area of any discipline usually begins when practitioners of that field get involved with it in a noticeable way. In forensic linguistics, this development started when various linguists made appearances in the courtroom setting. But even 'courtroom setting' has different implications and meanings. For example, in Europe, it is often judges who call upon experts to analyze evidence. Expert reports are read by judges, who may, but usually do not, ask the experts to testify about their reports at trial. This contrasts with the common procedure in the United States, where experts are called by one side of the case and give testimony on behalf of that side. Whether the European or American system obtains, linguists appear to have begun getting involved in court cases in earnest sometime around the early 1980s. Hannes Kniffka wrote expert linguistic reports in Germany during that period (Kniffka 1996), as did Malcolm Coulthard in England. Roger Shuy has testified at US trials since 1979. Public records ar e not available about the use of forensic linguists in other parts of the world but it is likely that they came later than the early 1980s. History is unclear about exactly when linguists began to work with lawyers on specific law cases, but w e ha ve wr itten evidence that one of the first Western linguists to get involved was Jan Svartvik, who published an analysis of the altered police statements in the case of Timothy John Evans, who was hanged 15 years earlier (and posthumously pardoned) for murdering his wife and baby (Svartvik 1968). By the 1970s and 1980s many linguists had gotten involved in law cases in both Europe and the United States, and


Visual acuity (resolution) and field of view are two significant parameters used to characterize night vision goggles (NVGs). It is well established that these two parameters are coupled together in an inverse relationship: an increase in field of view results in a reduction in visual acuity and vice versa. An experiment was conducted to determine how visual acuity through NVGs changes as a function of NVG field of view and ambient scene illumination level. A total of three trained observers were used for this study who ranged in age from 33 to 42 years of age. The NVGs used in the study had fields of view of 40, 47, and 52 degrees, respectively. Five levels of ambient scene illumination (corresponding to NVG output luminance levels of 0.01, 0.03, 0.08, 0.26, and 1.9 fL) were provided by a 2856k light source which ranged from overcast starlight to quarter moon. The targets used in the study were approximately 95+% contrast square wave targets ranging in size from 45 cycles/degree to 5 cycles per degree. The method of adjustment was employed by having the trained observer start at a distance of 30 feet and determine the highest spatial frequency target which was clearly discernable. The subject was then directed to walk back slowly from the target until it was just out of focus, and then walk forward until the target was barely discernable. The distance from the target was recorded and used to calculate the angular spatial frequency (and equivalent Snellen acuity). The results indicate that the simple geometric model of the inverse relationship between resolution and field of view is adequate for characterizing this design trade-off for the quality of image intensifier tubes currently available.


It elaborates the status of postgraduate English teaching in Northwest University for Nationalities through questionnaires and analyzes the problems.The reasons for its backward teaching standard are figured out,and the proposals are given according to the educational position and cultivation objectives.It is also suggested to fully take the advantages of nationality schools.


Genetalia hygiene is one of the efforts in personal hygiene that has an important role in the status of one's health behavior, to avoid interference with the reproductive organs.Genetalia hygiene is very important for woman because they tend to have urinary tract infection than man because they have shorter urination track. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of counseling through media video on knowledge and attitudes about female adolescent hygiene genetalia at Dwijendra Junior High School Denpasar. This study uses a comparative analytic method with a one-group pre-test-post-test research design. The sample of this study was 80 and VIII grade students of Dwijendra Junior High School Denpasar with a total of 80 people. The sampling technique in this study is probability sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire of 15 questions for knowledge, 10 questions about attitudes that have been valid and reliable. Data analysis techniques used paired T-Test. The results of the study for the average knowledge pre-test were 70.92 and the post-test knowledge after receiving counseling was 90.58 while the pre-test for attitude was 35.25 da post-test after the counseling was 43.64. Paired T-Test and Wilcoxon test results obtained p value = 0,000 0.05 These results indicate there is a significant influence on counseling through media video on knowledge and attitudes about female adolescent hygiene genetalia. The school is expected to increase health promotion.


A simplified version of the Inlet Reservoir Model is implemented at the Guadiana ebb delta to define efficient maintenance strategy of the entrance channel. The model is first applied typically to the outer shoal area, reproducing successfully the observed post-jetty volume evolution known from 16 bathymetric grids spanning 47 years. However, the volume of the outer shoal area is too large to be significantly impacted by small dredging-induced variations. Hence, the model is applied to a smaller dredged channel area. Observations indicate that this area reached an equilibrium volume, supporting the suitability of the model to simulate its volumetric evolution (similar to typical model applications). The calibrated model was then used to explore various dredged volume scenario considering a channel volume threshold for safe navigation. The efficiency of each scenario was evaluated based on a dredging performance rate representing the dredged volume normalized to the lifetime of the intervention (i.e., until another dredging is required). Results suggest that the best (cheapest) strategy would consist in dredging a volume of 100,000 m that would maintain navigability in the channel during 6 years.


Modern characterization techniques including XRD,SEM-EDS,TG-DSC and MIP,etc.were employed to investigate the phase,the morphology and the microsturcture of the hardened magnesium phosphate cement(MPC)paste in this paper.The results show that the main hydration product is MgKPO4·nH2O(MKP)and some unreacted MgO.When the hydration reaction is adequate,the hydration product is MgKPO4·6H2O.When the reaction is too fast and not adequate,the hydration product is MgKPO4·H2O in the form of both crystalline and amorphous phases,exhibiting better physical and mechanical properties.The unreacted MgO act as nucleus of the hardened framework,allowing the hydrates to grow around the MgO grain rims,to fill in the voids and eventually to bond these unreacted MgO grains to become a solid paste.


This paper examines the investment timing and intensity conditions under which advantages may exist for first movers in environmental investments. The potential advantages on which the paper focuses are timing and intensity of investments in recent pollution-reducing manufacturing technologies that produce salable product at the same time that they reduce pollution. The data come from 50 chemical bleached paper pulp manufacturers in eight countries. The model measures the impact of the independent variables on growth in profits from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, controlling for national differences in environmental regulations, among other variables. Results indicate a positive relationship between timing of investments and profit growth. There is also evidence that more intense investment patterns, when not tempered by sufficient time to absorb the investments, may lead to lower profit growth.


In the recent four decades of oil and gas pipeline industry,strong earthquakes have caused numerous pipeline failures.The aim of earthquake monitoring and early-warning for long-distance oil and gas pipelines is not for forecasting earthquake,but for rapid reporting post-earthquake information,which provide emergency decisions and rescue plans for pipeline engineering after earthquakes.Some typical applications of earthquake monitoring and early-warning system on the pipelines of Trans-Alaska,Jining,Tokyo Gas are introduced respectively.Technologies in terms of hardware and software of the earthquake monitoring and early-warning system are also analyzed.Technologies of the hardware include vibrating parameters monitoring,fault displacement monitoring,pipeline leak monitoring and data transmission.Technologies of the software include vibrating parameters processing,auto alarming,as well as situation assessing and pipeline repairing consultation.


The tomato moth (Tuta absoluta Meyrick, Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) has traditionally been managed in Chile with organophosphate, pyrethroid, and nereistoxin insecticides; all of these have wide action spectra and high toxicity and many of them have developed rapid resistance. It is therefore important to have new molecules which are effective in controlling this pest; how ever, these molecules must have lower toxicity and greater selectivity for beneficial fauna to produce a more sustainable tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of T. absoluta control with cyantraniliprole insecticide, which has desirable characteristics for programs of integrated pest management of tomato; we thus performed three trials in the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons in the Coquimbo Region, Chile. These trials evaluated the control of T. absoluta using different doses of two formulations: cyantraniliprole 10 OD (oil dispersion) with or without surfactants (Dyne-Amic, Codacide) applied to leaves and cyantraniliprole 20 SC (suspension concentrate) applied to soil. Trials used a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The effect of treatments was compared with standard insecticides and a control without insecticide. The degree of control was estimated by foliar and fruit damage at harvest. Results indicate a reduction in fruit damage between 75% and 85% for foliar applications and 82% for soil applications of cyantraniliprole. It is concluded that both formulations of cyantraniliprole were effective to reduce damage caused by the tomato moth larva in both the foliage and fruit of tomato.


Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) otoliths (n = 2,706) recovered from stomachs, small intestines, and colons of 43 northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) were evaluated for size and wear by location in the digestive tract. Pollock fork length was regressed on otolith length after correction for erosion, and age was estimated from the calculated body size. Age-1+ pollock otoliths (≥6.3-mm length) were concentrated in stomachs while age-0 otoliths (≤6.2-mm length) were concentrated in colons. Less than 10% of otoliths were found in the small intestines. Pollock age decreased with progression along seal gastrointestinal tracts. Otolith quality increased along gastrointestinal tracts in numbers ≥20, which was typical of age-0 otoliths recovered from colons. Otolith distribution by age and quality along gastrointestinal tracts suggests that small (≤12 cm) schooling prey are consumed in large volume and passed as a bolus rapidly through the digestive tract before significant erosion of bony remains occurs; while larger prey are eaten in smaller volume and subjected to otolith erosion due to longer retention in the stomach. Our results illustrate the importance of multiple sampling strategies to comprehensively represent prey size in pinniped diet.


Platycodon grandiflorus is an important medicinal plant in China and its root has been used as medicine or food for centuries. Polyploids are usually valuable because they exhibit increased biomass and contain effective medicinal compounds. Polyploidy induction was successfully achieved in this plant in a previous study by apical shoot tip treatment of young seedlings for 72 h using semi-solid 0.05% colchicine. Polyploidy was further confirmed by meiosis behavior of pollen mother cells in this study. The meiosis of diploid controls is regular, with normal chromosome pairing, and diploids were identified with 2n = 2x = 18 chromosomes at metaphaseI, nine bivalents at diakinesis and 9–9 separation at meiosis I, then differentiating into tetrads that subsequently give rise to mature pollen grains. Induced tetraploids were cytogenetically distinguished from diploids by the occurrence of 36 chromosomes at diakinesis with different combinations of univalents, bivalents, trivalents, quadrivalents, and multivalents at metaphase I and insynchronous chromosome segregation at anaphase II. Other abnormalities were observed at anaphase I in induced tetraploids as laggard chromosomes and some chromosome bridges. The univalents, unmatched chromosomes and lagging chromosomes meant that induced tetraploids were a meiotically unstable species with low pollen viability; this gives further proof of their polyploidy. Therefore, it is helpful to confirm the ploidy level by studying the meiosis of pollen mother cells.


This paper presents a distributed multi-sensor system developed in an Ambient Intelligence (AmI) context. The aim of this work is to give design principles for an architecture that shows abilities in collecting and analysing data coming from multiple sensors, in being aware of its inner state and of its users' state and in interacting with them. In particular, different features are proposed for describing the internal state of an intelligent environment and the architecture of a distributed system able to collect these data is proposed. The communication infrastructure is based on Software Agents paradigm that satisfies requirements imposed by a scalable, distributed and dynamic system. The final application is concerned with the progressive realization of an "intelligent building" that can improve both quality of life and security of its users.


The effect of hydrostatic pressure during reaction heat treatment on Kirkendall porosity in Nb 3 Sn multifilamentary composites is examined. Above a critical pressure which is a function of wire size, void formation is suppressed, and at higher pressures voids already present may be healed. The critical pressure is relatively low, 300-500 psi for 0.010" wire, for external diffusion.


Numerical stability of the Galerkin method for some class of semilinear evolution equations is studied. The stability is established in the lp (1 < p < ∞) norms. Our results are applied to the special coordinate systems. All the conditions of the stability theorems proved in this note may be readily verifiable in practice for them.


A checklist of robber fly species reported in Kerala, India based on literature survey is provided. In this list, 87 species of robber flies representing 25 genera and eight subfamilies are enumerated. The diversity of robber flies in Kerala was highlighted. Most of the species were reported from the protected forest areas of Kerala such as Ponmudi, Anamalai hills, Idamalayar, Thekkadi, Valparai, Chembra peak, Nilambur, Peermade, Walayar, Tenmalai and Silent Valley of the Western Ghats.


The effects of 17β-estradiol(E2)and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)on inducing vitellogenin(Vtg)in adult male guppies(Poecilia reticulata)were investigated in order to test if the Vtg could be a valid biomarker for environmental estrogens. Guppies were exposed to E2 and PCBs with 100μg·L-1 and 1500μg·L-1, respectively. After 30 days induction, the gonadosomatic index(GSI)and liver somatic index(LSI) of guppies were measured. Whole body homogenate (WBH) of guppies was carried out by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(Native-PAGE)and staining of gels for phosphorus with methyl green,for lipids with sudan black B,and for carbohydrates with periodic acid-schiff reagent. The results showed that Vtg could be induced from male guppies treated by E2 and PCBs, which indicated that PCBs and E2 possessed estrogenic activity; however, there were no significant differences in GSI or LSI of male fish between treated groups and control groups(p0.05). The Vtg of guppies was characterized as a phospholipoglycoprotein. Native-PAGE showed that guppies had 3 types of Vtg. Molecular weights for Vtg I, Vtg II and Vtg III were estimated to be 642kDa, 541kDa and 441kDa, respectively. The results indicated that Vtg of the adult male guppies could be a valid biomarker for environmental estrogens.


The present invention provides a robot and a robot. In the robot, the plurality of finger contact detection means is provided, and by the contact detecting means detecting a contact object. And, a plurality of fingers provided in the base station, detecting the resultant reaction force from the respective fingers. In the synthesis reaction conditions can not be detected, so that a plurality of fingers moves towards an object, detecting means after contact with the object contact, the driving force is switched to a plurality of fingers corresponding to the gripping force of the force. Further, when the contact detection means without contact with the object to be detected, but the resultant reaction force, the driving of the plurality of suspension fingers, correcting the position of the base in the direction of the resultant reaction force is not detected. Thus, the structure can be achieved and the control can be simply and rapidly an appropriate gripping force of the robot grasping the object.


Report about a big tumor in pregnancy showing solid and cystic parts by ultrasound. Primary it was described in the 23. gestational week laying above the umbilicus. During pregnancy it became smaller and changed its position. It was diagnosed as ovarian tumor. Operation 6 weeks after childbirth resulted a stuck myoma with regressive changes. The differentialdiagnostic difficulties and the therapeutical occurances are discussed.


The ideas and results of Blum, Oosawa, Strohman, and many others are reviewed and, when consolidated with the authors' work, lead to the following picture of muscle protein adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases). Two major features of myocin ATPase seem to be a catalytic interaction between enzyme, a metal cation, and the terminal pyrophosphate moiety of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and a rate-retarding interaction between enzyme, Mg++, and the purine ring of ATP. Sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme participate at both loci. In the catalytic interaction an ionizable group (pK, ca. 6.8) may participate. G-actin molecules binding ATP (probably by the purine ring) and relieved of their mutual repulsion cooperate in catalysing dephosphorylation, thereby giving rise to the somewhat loose, possibly helical, structure of F-actin.


This article asks whether volunteering by refugees and asylum seekers holds potential to foster collective resistance to the British state's increasingly punitive asylum policies. It draws on research that included four organizational case studies and in-depth qualitative interviews with refugees and asylum seekers volunteering in a city in Northern England, and analyses this data using inter-related concepts of contradiction, hegemony and social capital. This research found that volunteering by refugees and asylum seekers had potential to contribute to cohesive social blocs that might form a basis for resistance, yet also exhibited tendencies to divide refugees and encourage individualized forms of action, which reinforced a subordinate position for the majority. The article concludes that realizing the potential of voluntary activity as a basis for collective resistance to the state's asylum policies may require it to be combined with political education and organization.


The invention relates to a pair of flip flops capable of activating collateral channels and a production process. A supporting bottom is arranged on each sole, and one layer of sponge is arranged on the upper surface of each supporting bottom; one loofah sponge layer covers the sponge; the sole, the supporting bottom, the sponge and the loofah sponge layer are sewn together through edge covering; the loofah sponge layer is in a loofah fiber sheet shape, the thickness of the loofah sponge layer is 0.8cm, and the thickness of the sponge is 0.3cm; each upper is in a pipe-shaped herringbone structure; the front herringbone end of each upper passes through each supporting bottom to be sewn on the supporting bottom, and the rear herringbone end of the each upper is sewn with each sole, each supporting bottom and each loofah sponge layer through edge covering; each herringbone upper is internally filled with softened dry loofah fiber bundle pipe substances; and anti-sliding lines are arranged at the bottom of each sole. The flip flops disclosed by the invention adopt high-quality knitted shell fabrics and are soft and elastic; and loofah can absorb moisture and sweat and has special smell, so that the flip flops can have the effects of insect prevention, damp prevention and peculiar smell elimination, and can be effective durably. The flip flops are comfortable and free to wear, are clean, and can prevent and eliminate dietetic neuritis and foot odor and achieve the aim of strengthening feet and building body.


Abstract Factors influencing the oxidation of glutamate were studied with washed spermatozoa and with sperm extracts. The mechanism of CO 2 formation from glutamate did not involve direct nonoxidative decarboxylation to an appreciable extent, for anoxia inhibited the reaction. Both transaminase and glutamic dehydrogenase appeared to be involved. High levels of transaminase were previously reported and the dehydrogenase was detected spectrophotometrically in extracts from sperm acetone powders. Further evidence of the dehydrogenase was obtained from the stimulating effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide on 14 CO 2 production from glutamate-1- 14 C by sperm extracts. The reaction involved α -ketoglutarate as a direct intermediate, since it diluted the 14 CO 2 from glutamate-1- 14 C. Evidence was obtained that the rate-limiting step occurred before or in the formation of α -ketoglutarate. Identified products of glutamate included aspartate, citrate, malate, succinate, lactate, fumarate, pyrrolidone carboxylate, and α -ketoglutarate.