It is important to study the characteristics of laser pulse propagation in order to scale-up the laser isotope separation (LB) process, and to obtain efficient use of the available photon energy. Several studies have previously reported the existence of non-linear phenomena such as self-focusing, self-defocusing, selfsteepening and frequency modulation that can be observed during the laser propagation process(1)~(3). Using an atomic rubidium medium these nonlinear phenomena effects were investigated not only experimentally but also theoretically(1). On a molecular medium, however, it is difficult to theoretically describe these effects because of the more complicated processes of intramoleculer relaxation and multiple photon absorption(4). The experimental results and the theoretical models proposed in Ref. (5) for the transmission of laser pulses in gaseous SF6 molecules were obtained by weak excitation, thus only a few photons were absorbed and the absorption energy was not sufficient to cause dissociation of SF6. As a result, these results cannot be applied to the LIS process which utilizes multiple photon dissociation of molecules. In this experiment, CF2HCl gas was utilized as an absorbing medium because it is suitable for the carbon LIS process. Due to the low critical fluence of CF2HCl, multiple photon dissociation is easily induced to cause strong photon absorption. Reference (1) indicated that significant pulse reshaping did not occur if the laser pulse was strongly absorbed. An experimental study was performed to observe the time dependent behavior of a CO2 laser pulse where strong excitation lead to multiple photon dissociation. 1. Experimental Setup Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the experimental setup which was utilized. The line-tunable CO2 laser (Lumonics TE-821HP) produced a 3 cm x 3 cm square laser beam with a pulse energy of several joules. A cell containing CF2FICl was 45 cm long and had Ge windows coated with Au-Cu on both sides to minimize the reflection losses. The CF2HCl pressure was measured by a quartz vacuum gauge (ULVAC GX-1) and was varied from 0.09 to 300 Torr. The cell was heated to approximately 373 K to avoid condensation of the HCl that is produced by the dissociation of CFZHCl. Laser wavenumbers were determined with a spectrum analyzer (Optical Engineering 16-A). The laser pulse was measured at the cell outlet with a photon-drag detector (HAMAMATSU B749; maximum rise time of lns) connected to a strage type oscilloscope (Hewlett-Packard 1744A). The output pulse was photographed directly on the CRT of the oscilloscope. The electric discharge of the laser pulse established a trigger signal for this measurement. Photon dissociation was measured with a gaschromatograph (SHIMADZU GC-8A). 2. Results and Discussion The infrared absorption spectrum of CF2HCl(6) is shown in Fig. 2 for a weakly excited state. The region indicated between the dotted lines corresponds to the available wavenumber range of the CO2 laser oscillation. The line numbers 9R32, 9R10 and 9P8 were examined in this experiment as the cell pressure and the input pulse energy were varied. The CO2 laser was operated at a discharge voltage of 34 kV, so that the pulse energy was dependent on an oscillation line. A mesh * Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113.


This research contrasts the reactions of postgraduate English Literature students from the Lebanese University to a pair of sonnets. It particularly examines Shakespeare's "Sonnet 18" alongside a sonnet crafted by ChatGPT, both echoing the theme of timeless beauty. This research uses quantitative methods to assess participants' appreciation of these two sonnets, the felt emotional depth, and the perceived language complexity. Additionally, the study explores students' viewpoints on AI-generated poetry and identifies any perceived limitations in the AI sonnet compared to the human-authored one. The findings revealed that students favored Shakespeare's "Sonnet 18" over the AI-generated version due to its complex language and greater emotional resonance. Seeking to offer meaningful insights, this study delves into how the academic literary community perceives and interprets AI-generated literature. It further adds to the current discussion and debate about the role of AI in augmenting creative writing and underscores areas of potential improvement in upcoming AI literary projects.


Participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) is one of the many development approaches that were practiced around the world. Many governments and non -governmental organization across the globe have realized that the main reasons for failures in their developmental projects has been and may still be perhaps due to the lack of encouraging active, effective and a lasting participation space for beneficiaries intended for their interventions. The lack of effective monitoring and evaluation has resulted to huge loses of public funds through construction of poor quality roads. Generally the study goalwas to demonstrate the influence of participatory approach on monitoring and evaluation process of construction projects in Rwanda. The researcher adopted a descriptive survey design. Descriptive design allowed the researcher to define record. The research study combined both quantitative and qualitative methods. In line with this study, 28 employees of Kigali Special Economic Zone project was sampled. The universal sampling method was used to calculate the sample size. Data were collected using structured questionnaires with 4 Sections; section A had questions on bio data of the respondents, section B, C and D had research items onthe influence of participatory approach on monitoring and evaluation process of construction projects in Rwanda. The responses were analyzed through SPSS (Statistical Packages of Social Sciences) version 21. Frequency and percentage were used to describe indicators of participatory approach and monitoring and evaluation process. Correlation analysis with two tailed significant test was used to test the correlation between variables while a multiple regression were used to test the overall variables.ANOVA test was conducted to test the statistical significance of the overall influence of participatory approach on monitoring and evaluation process of roads construction projects in Rwanda. The results of the study showed that 89% of sampled employees strongly agree with the statement that the project progression influences the monitoring and evaluation process of Special Economic Zone roads construction projectin Gasabo District while the remaining 11% supported the idea by agreeing. Respondents also confirmed that the managers of project knows how to take decision which can influence the success of roads construction project in Special Economic Zone located in Gasabo District at 71% of strong agreement and 29% agreement. Finally, manager of Special Economic zone involves their Stakeholder in daily project activities at 57% strong agreement and 43% agreement. About the Involvement of stakeholder in roads construction project to influence the success of project, 56% strong agreement and 43% agreement were obtained.


(D-Ala6, Aes Gly-NH210)-LHRH ethylamide (LRH-A)is an analog of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hor-mone(LHRH)and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)synthesized by Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
LRH-A was injected (iv, im) and TRH was administered by nasal drop to 19 dwarfs(6M, 13F, aged 16.8 ± 1.9 SD yr)due to schistosomiasis japonica. Their heights, weights, testes or menarche, E2, T,P,LH,FSH,F,T3,T4, TSH, GH, PRL etc. of blood hormones, trace elements in blood and urine, radiography of bones, visceral and immunologic functions were followed up for 3-4 yr. Encouraging results were disclosed as compared to 12 patients in the untreated group.


Signals with multiple components and fast-varying instantaneous frequencies reduce the readability of the time-frequency representations obtained by traditional synchrosqueezing transforms due to time-frequency blurring. We discussed a vertical synchrosqueezing transform, which is a second-order synchrosqueezing transform based on the short-time Fourier transform and compared it to the traditional short-time Fourier transform, synchrosqueezing transform, and another form of the second-order synchrosqueezing transform, the oblique synchrosqueezing transform. The quality of the time-frequency representation and the accuracy of mode reconstruction were compared through simulations and experiments. Results reveal that the second-order frequency estimator of the vertical synchrosqueezing transform could obtain accurate estimates of the instantaneous frequency and achieve highly energy-concentrated time-frequency representations for multicomponent and fast-varying signals. We also explored the application of statistical feature parameters of time-frequency image textures for the early fault diagnosis of roller bearings under fast-varying working conditions, both with and without noise. Experiments showed that there was no direct positive correlation between the resolution of the time-frequency images and the accuracy of fault diagnosis. However, the early fault diagnosis of roller bearings based on statistical texture features of high-resolution images obtained by the vertical synchrosqueezing transform was shown to have high accuracy and strong robustness to noise, thus meeting the demand for intelligent fault diagnosis.


Abstract: The concept of unitary "shareholder value" and its reflection in near-term stock prices formed the centrepiece of contemporary corporate governance up to the 2008 financial crisis. The crisis has elicited both more critical and clearer, book-length accounts of the relationship of law, corporate governance and finance. The concepts analysed in Lynn Stout's The Shareholder Value Myth are considered herein, as part of a commentary on the continuing evolution of academic corporate law and governance.


Aiming to comprehend the importance of training civil servants, a feature that has become an integral part of modern personnel management, the author attempts to make a reference to the topic of civil servant training in developing countries as an integral part of the training process. There is no doubt that all governments realize that effective and appropriate training needs to be provided to their civil servants as a matter of maintaining an efficient and contemporary administration as stated in the paper. During the past few years, government functions have grown and expanded rapidly, while the administration itself has become more complex, specialized, and technological in nature. Merit-based recruitment policies and programs in the civil service are aimed at selecting the most qualified and competent candidates for employment in the civil service. In light of the fact that most of the selected candidates possess a degree or diploma, there is no doubt that they are highly qualified and highly educated. In spite of this, an MBA or a university degree does not necessarily qualify them as the best administrators when it comes to their respective fields. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the traditional lecture method and the modern technological method of training for civil service exams. It is also to determine the degree to which these two methods are interrelated. It is pertinent to note that both classes were taught by the same trainer, who ensured that the requirements for both classes were the same. Due to the use of technology in two of the classes, they both provided significant rigor to the training process. Furthermore, both provided participants with valuable information. According to the results of this study, there is a positive correlation between traditional lecture methods and modern technology-based training methods for civil service examinations. Based on the results of the study, this conclusion can be drawn.


The effect of the temperature of heat treatment of chestnut tree waste (CTW) on the turbidity of oil-containing emulsions was studied. A granulometric analysis of the dispersity of particles of heat-treated CTW was carried out. In the experiments, the influence of the heat treatment temperature of the TW on the decrease in the turbidity of the model emulsions of spindle oil was determined. Sorption and desorption isotherms are constructed. Mixing of the sorption material with the model emulsion was carried out with a laboratory mixer for 24 hours. Initial parameters: solution temperature 25 ° C, sorbent quantity 3 g / dm3 The maximum sorption capacity of CTWT relative to spindle oil, according to the results of the studies, was 370 mg / g.


Different particle sized micronized starch samples were prepared from corn starch. By the use of compound emulsifying agents, the starch/palm oil mixed systems were prepared, and the particle size effects of starch on the properties of mixed system were studied. The results showed that along with the decrease of starch particle size, the stability and compatibil- ity of mixed system increase. The proper sized particle starch was chosen to make the right fat replacer, to be used to prepare good taste and well shaped low-fat compressed biscuits.


An improved structure for magnetic support comprises a primary magnetic support, a jointing plate and a secondary magnetic support. The primary magnetic support comprises a bottom wall and two side walls which are bent and extended upwards vertically along the bottom wall; and the middle position of the bottom wall is provided with two opposite arc-shaped slideways which extend downwards. The jointing plate is a quadrate plate whose middle position is extended upwards to provide with a pair of arc shape sliding sheets corresponding to the slideways of the bottom wall of the primary magnetic support, which can slide in the slideways of the bottom wall of the primary magnetic support. The secondary magnetic support can be fixed below the primary magnetic support after fixing with the jointing plate.


puter. It had a tiny 9-inch screen, an 8-MHz processor, 1 MB of RAM, and no hard disk. It was the computer for "the rest of us," and it profoundly altered the course of my life. As Steve Jobs said, you can only connect the dots looking backwards, and I now realize how significant the Mac was in shaping my anti-establishment, anti-war, pro-freedom worldview. The Mac became a portal into myriad subcultures, from beat poetry to the Yippies, fueled by the dark meanderings of Pink Floyd. My mother, Mahenaz, stoked my socialist tendencies, and my mentor Zak, who was in attendance at Woodstock, introduced me to Lenny Bruce, Abbie Hoffman, The Whole Earth Catalog, and a host of revolutionary Urdu poets. I slipped into a solitary stupor for a couple of years and taught myself programming and the essentials of graphic design, while living the counterculture dream in my head. Who needed people when one had MacPaint, MacDraw, MacWrite, Tetris, Pink Floyd, and Party Slims Chili Chips (Karachi's equivalent of Jolt Cola)? I spent my college years, the early 1990s, valiantly trying to drop out. Just about everything, however mundane, was more exciting than the stifling confines of a classroom. Around this time, I started developing a conscious, virulent distaste for traditional education. I wrote a lot of bad poetry and started getting involved in protest movements. Whenever I returned to Karachi from Lahore, I'd run straight to Solutions Unlimited, an Apple Computer dealership where I learned how to solder wires, install hard drives, and swap motherboards, for intellectual respite and rejuvenation. Zak would further corrupt my mind and make me believe that it was entirely possible to recreate the hippie movement of the 1960s in Karachi. After college, I spent the next several years developing multimedia products and exploring the intersection between technology, art, literature, and music. The dotcom boom brought with it a deranged sense of empowerment that led me to


Objective:To determine whether automated reminders from 2 contemporary personal digital assistant (PDA) devices produce higher rates of timely task completion in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Setting:Outpatient and community rehabilitation settings. Participants:Thirty-six adults aged 18 to 66 years with TBI and self-determined complaints of memory impairment. Measures:Timely completion rates for assigned memory tasks under 4 randomly assigned memory aid conditions. Results:Significantly, higher completion rates were found when using either PDA device when compared with a combined baseline and paper memory aid condition (for Palm OS device, Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] = 2.14, P < .0005, CI [confidence interval] = 1.77–2.59; for Microsoft Pocket PC OS device, IRR = 1.47, P < .001, CI = 1.18–1.82). A significant difference in completion rates was also found between the 2 PDA devices (IRR = 1.46, P < .0005, CI = 1.26–1.70), with the Palm version producing the better scores. Conclusions:Substantially higher rates of task completion (more than double in some cases) when using either PDA device suggest that rehabilitation clinicians can make productive use of PDA-based memory aids in their TBI patient populations. The strength of the effects of PDA device usage argues for further investigation of the impact of device usage on quality-of-life and costs of care, and of personal and caregiver factors predictive of successful and sustained device usage.


Review(s) of: Television After TV: Essays on a Medium in Transition, by Spigel, Lynn and Olsson, Jan (eds), Duke University Press, Durham, 2004, ISBN 0 8223 3393 7, 465 pp., US$24.95.


Nine years later, on April 20, 1870, Meredith wrote Wyse that he was trying to find for him a copy of a review that he had written of an English translation oi Mireio. This review of H. Crichton's translation, 1869, has not previously been identified or republished. It is to be found in the Meredith Collection in the Yale Library as part of the copy for Meredith's last volume of poems, A Reading of Lije (1901). It had appeared, unsigned, in the Pall Mall Gazette, March 27, 1869. In it, as will appear below, Meredith had tried his hand at translating the same passage about the white mares of the Camargue that W. C. Bonaparte Wyse had translated soon after the first publication of Mireio. Having found a copy of the review some time in the thirty years since he was hunting it for Wyse, Meredith simply crossed out all of it except the five stanzas he had translated and sent it to the printer with the instruction: "Print, under heading the mares of the Camargue, from the Mireio of Mistral." The passage is the last poem in A Reading of Lije. The many errors that crept into the quotations from the Provencal, either through Meredith's carelessness or that of the printer for the Pall Mall Gazette, have been silently corrected in the following transcription.


—This research developed a mobile application compatible on Android Operating system to calculate the ice cream ingredients based on Serum Point method. Process of making ice cream requires very specific ingredients, everything must be precise, and nothing can be more or less. Ice cream maker just slightly miscalculates some ingredients, it may cause the ice cream taste and quality. There are a few ways for ice cream maker to make this calculation very accurately. Most sources available on the internet and some of them available off-line. One of them is website with web-based application for calculating ice cream ingredients. Besides website, the other one is Visual Basic for Excel programming (VBA). This VBA has been implemented to create an Excel spreadsheet with capability of calculating ice cream ingredients as well. However, website and spreadsheet are not compatible with mobile devices e.g. smartphone and cellphone. It has been several years that number of mobile user has been rising exponentially more and more and home ice cream maker or small scale business tend to prefer using smartphone to calculate ice cream ingredients more than computer laptop and desktop. This mobile application turns desirable components of ice cream maker into algebraic formula and provides a correct result, based on required compositions including milk fat, milk solids-not-fat (MSNF), sweeteners, stabilizers, emulsifiers, and egg yolk. This application applied linear equations based on Serum Point method which is widely accepted and applied in calculation for ice cream mixes. The results of this work produced various satisfied features i.e. correct percentage of ice cream ingredients. It is more versatile and more user friendly to mobile devices than its predecessors, Excel spread sheet and web-based application.


We examine constraints on a model with pure right-handed third generation charged couplings. The parameters of the right-handed mixing matrix and the right-handed coupling strength are constrained from semileptonic B decays, the mass difference of neutral mesons, the $\mathrm{CP}$ violating observables $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ and ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}/\ensuremath{\epsilon},$ and the electric dipole moment of the neutron. We find the model to be tightly constrained by these parameters with several fine-tuning conditions on the phases in the right-handed mixing matrix. There is also a necessarily non-zero value of the ${W}_{L}{\ensuremath{-}W}_{R}$ mixing parameter, ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{g}.$ $\mathrm{CP}$ asymmetry phases in neutral B decays are discussed.


An experimental high-speed signaling system capable of signaling at the rate of 100 decimal digits per second over a variety of existing Bell System transmission facilities is described. This system uses several frequencies in combinations as its code elements. Because the manner of discriminating between different frequencies is significantly different from present-day practice, the system has been called polytonic to distinguish it from existing multifrequency systems. Signal separation in this system depends not on the steady-state response of filters, but on the transient response of simple reactive networks. Discrimination is enhanced by the use of rather precise timing in the signal generating mechanism and somewhat less precise timing in the receiver. A second system, capable of signaling at the rate of 300 decimal digits per second over a more restricted range of transmission facilities, is also briefly discussed.


We discuss the impact of gain and loss on the evolution of photonic quantum states and find that -symmetric quantum optics in gain/loss systems is not possible. Within the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics we show that gain and loss are associated with non-compact and compact operator transformations, respectively. This implies a fundamentally different way in which quantum correlations between a quantum system and a reservoir are built up and destroyed.


Rhinolith is a rare mineralized mass located in the nose. A rhinolith can be asymptomatic for many years and can be detected by chance during a routine examination. Unilateral nasal congestion and nasal discharge are the most common symptoms. Rhinolite cases are often followed as chronic sinusitis or allergic rhinitis. The diagnosis is made by rigid endoscopic examination and paranasal sinus tomography. Treatment is surgical removal of the mass. We present this case as a case of rhinolite followed by chronic sinusitis for many years in the light of literature.


The author,through many years of training practice and statistics of the national championship as well as the world cbampionship in 1999,suggests the training guideline of regarding the rules as the standard,the difficulty as the basis,the artistry as the charm and the ability as the key,and analyzes and explores the theory herein.


The invention relates to a microgrid supply voltage and grid current harmonics synchronous compensation method based on dual inverter group coordinated control. The method is characterized in that a topological structure with dual interface converters connected in parallel; according to a dual-inverter voltage/current coordinated control strategy, a converter A is responsible for compensating harmonics of a supply voltage in real time, a converter B is responsible for compensating a harmonic current generated by a load and a converter 2, thus guaranteeing the quality of electric energy of current at a grid side. The control method is capable of omitting the extraction link of the harmonic current and a phase-locked loop, thus greatly lowering the calculation quantity of a digital control system; in addition, through the coordinated control of the two converters, the waveforms of the supply voltage and the grid current are improved and the quality of electric energy is enhanced obviously. Therefore, the control method plays an important role in reducing system loss and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system.


A rectangular membrane element with rotational degree of freedom is constructed through finite belts of unit length and width. This element can be combined with the bending element of rectangular plate to form flat shell and it can be used to solve planar stress-strain questions. With its linear displacement mode along axial direction and Hermitian displacement mode in transverse direction, this element can be coupled and superposed by beam element. At the same time, numerical analysises and comparisons of cantilever beam with concentrated load at the end, square plate bending and cantilever beam by shear load with the end, are carried out to verify the performances of this element, which show that the element has high (precision) and reliable convergence.


Abstract : The purpose of this research was to examine iso-dose rate contours and cloud arrival time data from atmospheric nuclear tests conducted at the Nevada Test Site to validate size distributions currently used in fallout prediction models or to propose new size distributions. Results were obtained from studies of eight air, nine tower, two surface and two shallow subsurface bursts. Yields ranged from 0.3 to 74 kilotons and heights of burst ranged from - 67 to 1500 feet. The tests examined are tabulated in Appendix A. Iso-dose rate contours from U.S. atmospheric nuclear tests (9) were digitized and then integrated numerically to obtain information on the fraction of activity grounded with time. The parameters of the best-fit lognormal and best-fit power- law particle-size distributions were then found for each burst studied. There was insufficient fallout from tower and air bursts to make conclusive determinations about the size distributions produced by these classes of bursts. For surface and shallow subsurface bursts the debris may be characterized by a lognormal distribution, by a power-law r to the -n power distribution, or by a linear combination of these or possibly other distribution functions. While no definitive distribution function was established, a linear combination of lognormal distributions seems to hold the most promise. In addition, a lower bound of 2210 r-sq. mi/hr-kt was established for the source normalization constant.


This paper investigates the problem of delay-dependent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\mathscr {H}_{\infty }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> memory filtering for continuous-time semi-Markovian jump linear systems (MJLSs) with time-varying delay in an input-output framework. Differing from the constant transition rates (TRs) in the conventional MJLSs, the TRs of the semi-MJLSs depend on the random sojourn-time and are thus with time-varying characteristics. By utilizing a two-term approximation for the terms with time-varying delay, it is first shown that the filtering error system (FES) can be reformulated into a feedback interconnection form and the stability and performance analysis problem of the FES can be recast as the scaled small gain (SSG) problem of an interconnected system. Then, based on a semi-Markovian Lyapunov–Krasovskii formulation of SSG condition combined with projection lemma, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\mathscr {H}_{\infty }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> filter synthesis for the underlying semi-MJLSs is formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, simulation studies are provided to evaluate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed design method.


Let V be a complete connected hyperbolic 3‐manifold of finite volume, with Liouville measure m, geodesic flow Γt and Brownian motion Zt. Let ω be a smooth 1‐form, closed in the cusps of V. Then the limit laws as t → ∞ of (tlogt)−1/2∫0tω(Γs) under m and of (tlogt)−1/2∫0tω(Zs) are calculated, and seen to be Gaussian, and equal. The geodesic flow case is studied via the Brownian case. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 60J65, 58F17, 51M10.


Study of magnetic non-uniformities in yttrium-iron garnet by the measuring in method of magneto-optical susceptibility in laser beam with the wave length of l = 1.15 m m.


Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) promise wide applications in many technical fields. As a result purified SWNT material is sold now on the West market at more than $1000 per 1 gram. Thus developing an effective technology for SWNTs production rises to a very important scientific problem. The perspectives of three existing methods providing raw material in the technology of SWNT production have been analyzed. They are i) pulsed laser evaporation of graphite/metal composites, ii) evaporation of graphite electrodes with metal content in the arc discharge process, and iii) catalytic decomposition of the mixture of CO and metal carbonyl catalyst precursor. The observed dynamics of SWNT market points to replacing the laser method of SWNTs production by the arc process. The conclusion has been made that the technology based on the arc process will be the major one for the fabrication of purified SWNTs at least for the next five years. A reliable estimation of a low price limit of SWNTs was derived from a comparison of two technologies based on the arc discharge process: the first one is the production of SWNTs and the second one is the production of a fullerene mixture С 60 + С 70 . The main conclusion was made that the price of purified SWNTs should always be more by 2-3 times the price of fullerene mixture. The parameters of a lab-scale technology for the production of purified SWNTs are listed. A large-scale application of the developed technology is expected to reduce the price of purified SWNTs by approximately ten times. The methods now employed for the characterization of products containing SWNTs are briefly observed. It is concluded that electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, absorption and Raman spectroscopy, measurement of the specific surface aria, optical microscopy – each in separation is not enough for extensive characterization of a sample containing SWNTs, and all these methods should be used together.


We propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach to generating reconfigurable linearly chirped microwave waveforms (LCMWs) based on a Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) optoelectronic oscillator (OEO), in which a tunable and reconfigurable microwave photonic filter (MPF) based on a high-Q microring resonator (MRR) is used for mode selection. The MPF can be electrically tuned to achieve Fourier domain mode-locking by using a micro-heater deposited on the MRR. Adjusting the state of polarization of the optical carrier, the MPF is reconfigured and multi-band and multi-format LCWMs can be generated based on the FDML OEO. In the experiment, a dual-chirp LCMW with a bandwidth of 12 GHz consisting of an up-chirped waveform from 7 to 13 GHz and a down-chirped waveform from 19 to 13 GHz is realized, with a time-bandwidth product (TBWP) as high as 1.004×106. By reconfiguring the MPF, we can also obtain LCMWs with a single chirp at C-band (from 4 to 8 GHz), X-band (from 8 to 12 GHz) and Ku-band (from 13 to 19 GHz), respectively. Further, the bandwidth and center frequency of the LCMWs and the dual-chirp LCMWs can be changed by adjusting the magnitude of the driving signal and the laser wavelength, respectively. This kind of reconfigurable LCMWs can be applied to advanced multi-band radar and wireless communication systems.


Background: Evidence of an STD‐HIV interaction and the availability of noninvasive urine‐based screening tests have resulted in an increased focus on chlamydial infections in men. Goal: To evaluate the prevalence of chlamydial infections among men with urethritis at the San Francisco City Clinic (SFCC). Study Design: In 1997, male SFCC patients diagnosed with urethritis were tested for chlamydia using urine‐based ligase chain reaction and for gonorrhea using urethral culture. Results: Gonorrhea was identified in 45% of men who have sex with men (MSM) versus 26% of men who have sex with women (MSW). Among men with gonorrhea, chlamydia coinfection was found among 15.2% of MSM and 8.4% of MSW. Among men with nongonococcal urethritis, 18% and 20% of MSM and MSW had chlamydial infection, respectively. Young age was associated with chlamydial infection in MSM. Conclusion: After a period of low chlamydial infection rates in MSM during the pre‐AIDS era, infection rates are increasing among this population. SFCC's revised clinical practice guidelines include chlamydia testing of MSM with urethritis.


In this publication, the author attempts to develop an aesthetic theory from Heidegger's phenomenological concepts. She analyzes Heidegger`s concepts of truth, world, space, and related concepts and establishes a formal, contextual and material method of analysis for the purpose of examining works of art. This new method of analysis is applied to three pieces by the artist Joseph Beuys as a case study.


In this paper we used the experiment research method and investigated the effects of internal control effectiveness evaluation from different subjects and information misstatement risk level on the individual investors' perceived reliability of financial information.The results show that the individual investors' perceived financial information reliability is the highest when the opinion of internal control effectiveness is issued by CPAs,and it is higher when the opinion is issued by independent directors and it is the lowest when the opinion is issued by the manager,but this is true only when the enterprise information misstatement risk is high.When the information misstatement risk is low,individual investors' perceived reliability of the information is not different among the above three bodies' evaluation opinions.It is also found that the individual investors' perceived financial information reliability mediates the relationship between internal control evaluation opinions and investment possibilities.


In this paper, the electronic structure of chemisorption of CO on Rh(lll) surface (θ≤l/3) has been calculated by the method of the self-consistent Hartree-Fock-Slater molecular cluster. The variation of the energy levels and total energy with respect to the vertical distance of the CO molecule above this surface is obtained. The optimized bond distance determined from the total energy curve is 1.85 A, which is quite close to experimental result 1.95±0.1(?). The binding energy is 0.98 eV, which is smaller than the experimental adsorption energy of 1.3 eV. The total density of states with above bond distance is calculated and it is in good agreement with the UPS result considering final state and relaxation effect. The bonding and antibonding character for the CO valence level have also been studied by analysis of the variations of the molecular eigenvalues when the CO molecule approaches the surface. The charge transfer for CO chemisorption on transition metal Rh is investigated through a Milliken population analysis and the analysis of coefficients of cluster wavefunction which is expanded by using CO molecular wavefunction. This charge transfer causes the activation of absorbed CO molecules.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify knowledge as a key strategic resource within the EFQM excellence model. The study also analyses whether the EFQM model helps to create an adequate context for successful knowledge management (KM). A description is given of the synergies between both management approaches, with the purpose of reaching sustainable competitive advantages within organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review and a content analysis are carried out which show how the current version of the EFQM model includes the key aspects of the knowledge management systems (KMS) and its process. Also, the relationships and synergies between both considered management approaches are analyzed: quality management and KM.

Findings
After a detailed analysis of KM issues in the EFQM model, important synergies and complementary elements are appreciated between both management frameworks. Evidence is given of how the integration of both frameworks constitutes a dynamic capability that can lead organizations to attain sustainable competitive advantages.

Practical implications
An exhaustive review is given of the elements related to KM present in the EFQM model. In addition, companies are offered guidelines to be able to manage their knowledge through a model that is recognized and widespread in the business sphere.

Originality/value
The research develops the first content analysis of the process elements and KMS present in the whole structure of the EFQM model. Furthermore, it is shown how the integration of excellence and KM constitutes a dynamic capability for organizations based on continuous improvement, innovation and learning.


A thorough analysis of a specimen of the collembolan family Entomobryidae from a cave in Montenegro has yielded a species new to science: Heteromurus (Verhoeffiella) anagastumensis n. sp. This is the first known cave-dwell- ing member of the subgenus Verhoeffiella Absolon in Montenegro. Heteromurus (V.) anagastumensis n. sp. is described, illustrated, and diagnosed; it is a phenetically close congener of H. (V.) longicornis (Absolon) from Herzegovina. Some biogeographical and evolutionary characteristics of this new Verhoeffiella species are discussed in the light of the origin of the North Mediterranean fauna.


This paper presents new experimental results from a prototype Spectral LADAR, which combines active multispectral and 3D time-of-flight point cloud imaging. The physical domain unification of these imaging modalities based on a pulse modulated supercontinuum source enables substantially higher fidelity images of obscured targets compared to the data domain fusion of passive hyperspectral cameras and conventional LADAR imagers. Spectral LADAR produces 3D spectral point clouds with unambiguously associated 3D image points and spectral vectors, promoting improved object classification performance in cluttered scenes. The 3D shape and material spectral signature of objects may be acquired in daylight or darkness, behind common glass, and behind obscurants such as foliage and camouflage. These capabilities are demonstrated by data obtained from test scenes. These scenes include plastic mine-like objects obscured by foliage, distinction of hazardous explosives inside plastic containers versus innocuous decoy materials, and 3D spectral imaging behind ordinary glass windows. These scenes, at effective ranges of approximately 40 meters, are imaged with nanosecond-regime optical pulses spanning 1.08 μm to 1.62 μm divided into 25 independently ranged spectral bands. The resultant point cloud is spectrally classified according to material type. In contrast to other active spectral imaging techniques, Spectral LADAR is well suited to operate at high pixel and frame rates and at considerable stand-off distances. A combination of favorable attributes, including eye safe wavelengths, relatively small apertures, and very short (single pulse) receiver integration time, bear the potential for this technique to be used on robotic platforms for on-the-move imaging and high area coverage rates.


This paper concerns recent changes in process engineering at Renault, due to a new generation of Computer-Aided Process Engineering tools. The use of this kind of tool is motivated, on the one hand, by recent software developments in the Process Engineering field and, on the other, as far as Renault is concerned, by the integration of a production system from Nissan. The latter imposes strong industrial standardization which should result in reduced use of CAPE tools. This situation leads as to discuss the possibility of effective Implementation of the new production system, given that Renault his a development policy strongly oriented towards product Innovation, whereas its Japanese partner Is more oriented towards process standardization. Finally, we propose an approach articulating these new principles of the RPS (Renault Production System), implemented in the detailed design process phase, to a reinforced use of the CAPE in preliminary projects.


This blog is part of this month's "Carnival of Journalism", a network of bloggers writing about journalism. This month's thoughtful and useful articles by experts in the US and UK talk about how professional and citizen journalists can use Twitter, social bookmarking, and mobiles to improve national and local reporting and even to take on the Scientologists.


When empirically investigating situations in which human ignorance and historical time are significant features, use of the notion of probability, in any of its forms, is not legitimate. Thus, familiar distributional techniques such as hypothesis testing and estimation, and standard methods of probabilistic prediction, have to be discarded. Nondistributional "estimation" and nonprobabilistic "prediction" are still possible, and the potential for empirical falsification and "corroboration" of theoretical propositions and models remains intact.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the indicators of environmental and resource productivity of European countries to identify leaders and outsiders and study their trends over recent decades. The results of the analysis showed that the indicators are characterized by uneven development, due to the characteristics of countries and their green policies. The key indicators of the Europe 2020 policy have been used for the analysis, namely resource productivity, greenhouse gas emissions per capita, recycling rate of municipal waste, eco-innovation index, final energy consumption in households. Linear trends for the period 1995-2019 with indication of trend equations were constructed for each indicator. The slope of the functions has been analyzed in order to identify the dynamics of trends. According to the results of the analysis, all indicators except greenhouse gas emissions per capita were characterized by positive dynamics, ie increased. It has been determined that the problematic indicator for EU countries is final energy consumption in households, which requires further detailed research.


Traditional detection algorithms for frequency selective Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Vertical- Bell Labs Layered Space-Time system (OFDM-V-BLAST) suffer from high computational complexity. So it's necessary to develop a detection algorithm to minimize the computational complexity and improve BER performance. This paper presents a new reduced-rank detection algorithm based on MMSE Sorted QR Decomposition, called Sorted QR Reduced-Rank Detection (SQRRRD). This new scheme firstly reduces the rank of receive signal vector and channel matrix with orthogonal unitary matrix. Then the reduced-rank channel matrix is decomposed by sorted QR algorithm to overcome the error propagation. In this way, we obtain well Bit Error Rate(BER) performance with lower computational complexity. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that this proposed reduced-rank detection algorithm based on MMSE-SQRD has better performance. So we can obtain similar BER performance with much lower computational complexity compared with the traditional ones. In the OFDM-VBLAST system with 4 transmit antennas and 8 receive antennas, using QPSK modulation, compared with traditional MMSE-VBLAST algorithm, our new method achieves the same BER performance at higher SNR with only 0.6 times that of computational effort.


Mental health in children is a topic that has been prominent in the news due to the publication of the Government's Green paper on 'Transforming children and young people's mental health provision'.


Literal meaning of artefact given by "Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary" is a "thing made by the people". In medical science the "fact" is not true; but we observe routinely is called artefact. These defects are referred to as artifacts . They lead to misinterpretations of histopathological diagnosis. This paper attempts to put all various types of artifacts that are observed in histopathology.


The concentration, size and composition of cloud droplets are important variables influencing radiative and chemical properties of clouds, as well as the potential for precipitation formation and scavenging. Since cloud droplets form on pre-existing aerosol particles, these variables depend strongly on the microphysical process of activation of such particles into droplets. Of particular interest is the role of anthropogenic aerosols in modifying regional and global climate and atmospheric chemistry. This study investigates the partitioning of in-cloud particles between activated cloud droplets, CD, and unactivated, interstitial accumulation-mode particles, AMP. It is based on aircraft measurements of particle concentrations (N) in stratiform clouds near Syracuse, NY. The magnitude, variation and dependence of the activated fraction F [triple bond] N[sub cd]/N[sub tot], where N[sub tot] = N[sub cd] + N[sub amp], are studied.


A novel method for deducing the origins of heroin and the reagent used for acetylization was established based on δ13C determinations of heroin and its hydrolysate, morphine, using gas chromatography 13C isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). The alkaline and acid hydrolysis conditions of heroin were optimized. Both yield and purity of morphine produced could meet the requirement for a GC-C-IRMS analysis. Using (2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2- diphenylvalerate) as internal standard the determinations of heroin and morphine contents were performed with a GC method in a linear range of 0.2 to 2.0 mg mL−1 that was required to gain the isotope ratio results. The hydrolysis and synthesis of heroin did not change the δ13C value of morphine. The precision for δ13C detection of both heroin and morphine was sufficient for origin differentiation of heroin samples. The information about the origins of acetylation regents could be deduced from the difference of δ13C values between heroin and morphine. The results for origin differentiation of ten heroin samples grouped into different regions and their acetylating agents were satisfactory.


The species,populations of plants in Swan Islet wetland of Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve have made changes and successions in recent ten years.Based on the preliminary investigation of plant species in winter of 2008,there are 16 species not recorded in the list of plant species of 1997.The vegetation distribution is important on the protection of Elaphurus davidianus.Line transect method and quadrat method were taken to define the species and vegetations in the area of nature reserve.Compared with the results of the investigation in 1997,there are 62 repeated species and 48 new found species on the same time,the population distribution and ingestion of E.davidianus in spring were also observed.


Abstract : The research has as its major goal the construction of software tools to aid on-line decision makers and data base users in accessing information relevant to their needs, in understanding the full data base search implications of their requests, and in reviewing and evaluating the utility of derived answers. The conceptual framework within which this research has been carried out is based upon mathematical logic. It is becoming increasingly clear that logic is, highly relevant not only to reasoning about data but to query language design, to data structuring, to the support of high level user views, to maintaining the integrity of data bases, and to making the transition from present day data-based systems to future knowledge-based systems. The main software tool that has been implemented as part of this research is called DADM (for Deductively Augmented Data Management). This report describes the design, implementation, and current capability of this prototype system. DADM adds a general knowledge base and a deductive processor to a data management system. These components are used to control the creation of intelligent data base access strategies and the construction of evidence to support derived answers.


The thought of "externally observing trends in the world" was an important cornerstone of Dr. Sun Yat - sen's thought of reforms. Dr. Sun adhered to his principle of "reforming politics after foreign countries and establishing a democratic government", and displayed his identical recognition of historic changes of modern foreign countries that had some identity in his struggle for establishing and safeguarding the Republic. Both the formation and the development of Dr. Sun Yat - sen's thought of reforms on politics, economy and culture were related to his thought of "externally observing trends in the world".


Four data processing methods of blade's transient heat transfer experiment in short duration wind tunnel were studied in this paper,and the applicability of the methods were determined,showing guiding significance for the future experiments.If the time period of establishing steady flow in test section is negligible compared to the experimental time,the heat transfer coefficient can be treated as a constant,otherwise varying heat transfer coefficient curve versus time should be considered.The impulse response method based on one-dimensional and semi-infinite assumption is effective.The method of two-dimensional transient thermal analysis with least restrictive conditions can be used to handle all cases of heat transfer experimental data and verify the accuracy of other methods.


A numerical study of the impedance boundary condition has been carried out with the objective of evaluating its applicability to several representative, planar, two-dimensional (2D) inhomogeneous scatterers. Three basic classes of 2D structures are considered: an infinite-depth trough structure, a finite-depth trough structure, and a linearly tapered trough. These problems were solved using the method of moments in two ways. In the first, a surface integral equation (SIE) approach was used as a baseline and was considered to be a numerically rigorous solution. In the second, the 2D structure was reduced to a 1D structure having an equivalent surface impedance. Results obtained for the three structures are presented.<<ETX>>


Background: Serial high-density surface EMG (HDSEMG) has the potential to characterise voluntary and ectopic patterns of motor unit (MU) firing at different stages of ALS (1). Objectives: By distinguishing MU subtypes with variable vulnerability to disease, we aimed to evaluate compensatory neuronal adaptations that accompany disease progression. Methods: Twenty patients with ALS and five patients with benign fasciculation syndrome (BFS) underwent 1–7 assessments each. HDSEMG measurements comprised 30min of resting muscle and 1min of light voluntary activity from biceps brachii bilaterally (1). MU decomposition was performed by the progressive FastICA peel-off technique (2). Inter-spike interval, firing pattern, MU potential area, afterhyperpolarisation duration and muscle fibre conduction velocity were determined. Results: In total, 373 MUs (ALS1⁄4 287; BFS1⁄4 86) were identified from 182 recordings (3). Weak ALS muscles demonstrated a lower mean inter-spike interval (82.7ms) than strong ALS muscles (96.0ms; p1⁄4 0.00919) and BFS muscles (95.3ms; p1⁄4 0.0039). Mean MU potential area (area-under-the-curve: 487.5 vs. 98.7lV ms; p< 0.0001) and muscle fibre conduction velocity (6.2 vs. 5.1 m/s; p1⁄4 0.0292) were greater in weak ALS muscles than in BFS muscles. Purely fasciculating MUs had a greater mean MU potential area than MUs also under voluntary command (area-under-the-curve: 679.6 vs. 232.4lV ms; p1⁄4 0.00144). Discussion: These results show that first-recruited motor units fired faster and with greater amplitude as disease progressed. The development of this faster phenotype may be driven by a compensatory response to replace vulnerable fast-twitch motor units. Inhibition of this potentially maladaptive phenotypic drift may protect the longevity of the motor unit pool, stimulating a novel therapeutic avenue.


Spatially detailed monitoring of forest resources is important for sustainable management but limited by a lack of field measurements. The increasing availability of multisource datasets offers the potential to characterize forest attributes at finer resolutions with regional coverage. This study aimed to assess the potential of mapping stem volume at a 30 m scale in eastern Texas using multisource datasets: airborne lidar, Landsat and LANDFIRE (Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools Project) datasets. Gradient-boosted trees regression models relating total volume, estimated from airborne lidar measurements and allometric equations, and multitemporal Landsat and LANDFIRE predictors were developed and evaluated. The fitted models showed moderate to high correlation (R2 = 0.52–0.81) with reference stem volume estimates, with higher correlation in pine forests (R2 = 0.70–0.81) than mixed forests (R2 = 0.52–0.67). The models were also precise, with relative percent mean absolute errors (pMAE) of 13.8–21.2%. The estimated volumes also consistently agreed with volumes estimated in independent sites (R2 = 0.51, pMAE = 34.7%) and with US Forest Service Forest Inventory Analysis county-level volume estimates (R2 = 0.93, pBias = −10.3%, pMAE = 11.7%). This study shows the potential of developing regional stem volume products using airborne lidar and multisource datasets, supporting forest productivity and carbon modeling at spatially detailed scales.


Study objective: Most COVID-19 reports have focused on SARS-CoV-2 positive patients However, at the time of initial presentation, most patients' viral status i


Research on the service e‐ciency of port is signiflcance to port resource optimal allocation. On the basic of the analysis of port logistics operation mechanism, clearing the state transfer relationship in the port logistics service model, and puts forward some reasonable assumptions, establishing a port service e‐ciency evaluation model based on Markov queuing network, presents a method for calculating the e‐ciency of port services. At last, the example analysis indicates that the model achieves the quantitative assessment of the port service e‐ciency reasonably.


The radial viscosity of the mantle is generally thought to increase by ∼10–100 times from the upper to lower mantle with a putative, abrupt increase at 660 km depth. Recently, a low viscosity channel (LVC) between 660 and 1,000 km has been suggested. We conduct a series of time‐dependent flow models with viscosity either increasing or decreasing at 660 km depth while tracking slab structure, state‐of‐stress, and geoid. We find that a LVC will lower the amplitude of long wavelength (>5,000 km) geoid highs over slabs, with amplitudes <10 m in height, while increasing the slab dip angle and downdip tension in the upper 300 km of slabs. A viscosity increase at 660 km gives rise to strong downdip compression throughout a slab and this pattern will largely go away with the introduction of the LVC. In addition, the endothermic phase change at 660 km depth can substantially affect the stress distribution within slabs but has a minor influence on the geoid. Models that fit the observed long wavelength geoid and observed focal mechanism in the western Pacific favor models without the presence of the LVC between 660 km and 1,000 km depths.


Many thousands of impressive space structures have been built all over the world for covering sports stadiums, gymnasiums, leisure centres, aircraft hangars, railway stations and many other purposes. A number of these structures have spans of well over 200 m. The objective of this article is to present an overview of space structure forms with an emphasis on lattice grids, barrel vaults and domes. Also included is a brief discussion of the use of conceptual tools for computer-aided processing of space structure configurations.


With regard to nature protection through environmental liability, recent developments in Europe are most interesting. After the EC had already established a coherent species and habitat protection regime with the Birds Directive and the Habitats Directive in 1979/1992 – which alone is remarkable because it covers areas of protection not only within national borders but throughout Europe – it introduced the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) in 2004. The ELD aims at nature protection – in addition to the protection of water and land – by requiring potential polluters to avoid pollution, or to remediate the affected area in case of damage. One interesting point about the Directive is the fact that it ties in with the existing nature protection regime by making a reference to the Birds Directive and the Habitats Directive. This link between existing nature protection regulations and additional liability provisions is notable in various respects. First, more than a decade after the introduction of a nature protection regime an additional regime is established in Europe to make the existing species and habitat protection more effective. Secondly, the environmental liability regime – as will be shown in this contribution – extends the scope of existing nature protection in Europe. Thus, we are witnessing an interesting way to extend nature protection through environmental liability regulations. The issue is crucial not only for Member States – regarding the design of the provisions which have to be adopted to implement the ELD – but also for operators, who face a potential liability.


Middle-latency auditory evoked magnetic fields in the human brain were measured by using a 7-channel dc SQUID system. The locations of the electric sources of Pa, Nb, and Pb components were estimated by solving the inverse problem, and were compared with the sources of long-latency auditory evoked magnetic fields. The sources of Pa and N100 were estimated at similar positions in the auditory cortex, whereas the source of Pb was estimated in a separate area anterior to the sources of Pa and N100.


The invention relates to the technical field of production of stearates, and in particular discloses a production process for producing a stearate by adopting a solid phase method. The production process comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing a stearic acid, a metal oxide or hydroxide and a catalyst in a mixer, stirring for 1 minute at a low speed, then performing high-speed stirring and full reaction to generate a stearate, and recovering water and dust generated by synthetic reaction through a material recovery device; and secondly, crushing the crude stearate generated by the synthetic reaction through a crusher, collecting with a cyclone separator, packing with a full-automatic vacuum packing machine to obtain a finished product, and meanwhile, removing dust impurities and residual moisture by adopting a dust remover and a draught fan. The invention discloses a production system adopted by the production process at the same time. The production process belongs to an environment-friendly, energy-saving, emission-reducing and low-cost advanced production technique, and is favorable for environmental protection; the product produced by the production process belongs to a high-purity product and is good in quality, the synthetic reaction time is short, and the production efficiency is high.


SUMMARY The discourse on sustainability is marked by widely differing interpretations of the concept. It is generally acknowledged, though, that sustainability concerns the interplay amongst social, economic and environmental dimensions. The emphasis on the respective components of this triumvirate differs amongst the various literatures, however, leading to alternative conceptions of the 'sustainability problem' and of the trajectory into the future. This paper seeks to elucidate a range of perspectives on sustainability, focusing particularly on interpretations in the context of agriculture and rural systems. The discussion is structured around six literatures: environmentalism and ecology, resource science, neoclassical—economic, ecological economics, political—economic and postmodernist. Closing remarks refer to the perceived need for an improved conceptualization of spatiality in the analysis of sustainability.


Edited and compiled by Robert Maxwell Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1962. Pp. xii + 982. Price £10. Approximately three quarters of this massive book is a translation of Volume 50 of the Great Soviet Encyclopaedia. The remaining quarter consists of Appendixes covering statistical data relating to the present national economy, details of establishments of higher learning, a bibliography of recent books on the U.S.S.R. published in English, information for firms wishing to trade with the U.S.S.R., a resume of the third program adopted at the 22nd Congress of the C.P.S.U., over 40 triple-columned pages of names referred to in the text and a subject index of similar length.


Two auger samples from tank 241-C-202 (C-202) were received at the 222-S Laboratories and underwent safety screening analysis, consisting of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and total alpha activity. Two samples were submitted for energetics determination by DSC. Within the triplicate analyses of each sample, one of the results for energetics exceeded the notification limit. The sample and duplicate analyses for both augers exceeded the notification limit for TGA. As required by the Tank Characterization Plan, the appropriate notifications were made within 24 hours of official confirmation that the limits were violated.


-In this study, a flood frequency analysis of Upper Krishna River basin in India is carried out by LogPearson Type-III probability distribution method. This method is a statistical technique for fitting frequency distribution data to predict the flood for a river at some site. In Upper Krishna River The annual peak flood series data for 10 years varying over period 1965 to 2010 for 7 important stations such as Karad ,Warna, Arjunwad, Kurundwad, Warungi, Terwad, Sadagli are analysed.out of these seven stations Arjunwad and Kurundwad river gauging stations are important for flash flood point of view. The probability distribution function was applied to return periods (T) of T = 2 yrs, 5yrs, 10yrs, 25yrs, 50yrs, 100yrs and 200 yrs commonly used in for engineering design of hydraulic structures. These values are useful for hydraulic design of structures in the catchment area and for storm water management .The model relates the expected discharge to return period for all tributaries of Upper Krishna River basin.


In this paper, we discuss a general method to construct arbitrary passive reciprocal Scattering parameter (S-parameter) network, which may represent a functional device or a network composed by a series of devices, using the topology of synchronously tuned coupling resonators (STCR). To achieve this aim, firstly, we generalize the common STCR circuit from two-port case to arbitrary multi-port case. Then, with the help of matrix decomposition technology, the relationship between the S-parameter and the coupling coefficient matrix is constructed. On the basis of this formula, we further demonstrated that the arbitrary lossless reciprocal S-parameter matrix can be constructed by less than N+2 resonators, who resonance at the frequency of given frequency. In addition, cooperating with the method to extend a lossy network to a lossless network, this method will help us to achieve a general method to construct the narrow band arbitrary passive reciprocal S-parameter network using a fixed automated design procedure.


The present invention has high strength by press molding warm, intended to provide a warm press forming member using excellent warm press forming steel sheet and this excellent crashworthiness by securing the elongation, in weight%, C: 0.01~0.5%, Si: 3.0% or less (0 excluding), Mn: 3~15%, P: 0.0001~0.1%, S: 0. 0001~0.03%, Al: 3.0% or less (0 is excluded), N: 0.03% or less (0 is excluded), warm press forming steel sheet containing Fe and unavoidable impurities, use it There was warm press forming member, and to provide these manufacturing methods.


The present paper investigates the conjugate heat transfer from a single, discrete, rectangular heat source, flush-mounted on a thin flat plate. Flow over the plate is considered to be uniform (slip flow). The sensitivity of various parameters over which the thermal designer has some control was studied. The effect of heat source size, length-width, board thickness, substrate conductivity and Peclet number on the thermal behavior in the vicinity and far field of the source was investigated. A new dimensionless parameter is suggested for capturing the effect of both substrate conductivity and board thickness. Nusselt number and thermal wake far-field behavior were examined for different source shapes.


The presence of an inclusion in a cylindrical silicone rubber disk is determined using FEM, standing Lamb waves, and an algorithm using multiple frequency footprints. Radial elastic waves are emitt ...


The genus Salicornia (Amaranthaceae) was established by Linnaeus. Commonly known as 'glassworts', the species of the genus are articulated succulent herbs with cortical palisade, opposite decussate scale-leaves, thyrsoid cymes, flowers packed in cauline depressions and the diaspore composed of l-seeded utricle. Therefore, due to the importance of the plant species, we performed a combination of morphological and molecular data analyses on this species. A total of 72 randomly collected plants from 8 natural populations in 2 provinces were evaluated using ISSR markers and morphological traits. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) test revealed significant genetic difference among the studied populations, and also showed that 45% of total genetic variability was due to the diversity within the population, while 55% was due to the genetic differentiation among populations. A total number of 158 bands were detected by ISSR primers, of which 144 (89%) bands with an average of 14.4 bands per primer were polymorphic. The Percentage of Polymorphic Bands (PPB) ranged from 70% (ISSR-7) to 100% (ISSR-1, ISSR-4 and ISSR-5). The average Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), Shannon's Information index (I), and Number of effective alleles (Ne) were 0.49, 0.28, and 1.09, respectively.


As resolution is increased from 1/2° to 1/32° in Pacific Ocean simulations using the NRL Layered Ocean Model, marked changes are found in the Kuroshio's mean pathway as it intrudes into the South China Sea (SCS) via the Luzon Strait. With increased horizontal resolution comes a more accurate representation of the coastline geometry associated with the Batan/Babuyan Islands within the strait, and a reduction in the modeled westward intrusion of the Kuroshio into the SCS. The 1/16° model is extremely sensitive to two very small scale shoals (Calayan Bank and a shoal north of Calayan Island) that are resolvable at this grid spacing. The exclusion of these three model gridpoints significantly alters the mean Kuroshio pathway to resemble the pathway from the 1/8° model. In addition, excluding all islands within the Luzon Strait in the 1/16° model gives a deep intrusion mean pathway as found in the 1/2° model.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of cytosine deaminase (CD) gene plus 5-fluorocytosine (5-Fc) on the growth of human colon cancer xenograftin nude mice.

METHODS
Retroviral vector expressing CD gene was transfected into human colon cancer SW1116 cells. Expression of the transfected CD gene in SW1116 (SWCD(2)) was confirmed by RT-PCR. The cytotoxicity of 5-Fc on SW1116 was determined by MTT assay in vitro. In vivo, the CD gene expression vector was injected intratumorally and 5-Fc was given by ip injections.

RESULTS
In vitro, SWCD(2) cells were killed by 5-Fc with an IC(50) of 66 micromol/L while the nontrasfected SW1116 cells needed an IC(50) of 16 000 micromol/L to be killed. The growth of SWCD(2) xenografts was significantly inhibited by systemic administration of 5-Fc.

CONCLUSION
CD gene/5-Fc system is a potential gene therapy strategy for human colon cancer.


Technology is one of the most rapidly growing media today. It is important how to utilize technology media as an educational medium. The media most favored by children today are television, laptops, and cell phones/smartphones. However, it cannot be denied that many shows are not entirely good for children to watch. One of the animated films that can provide Islamic moral and educational messages is the Nussa and Rara series. This community service is carried out to make the animated shows Nussa and Rara an educational show in developing children's characters and motivating children to be smart in choosing shows from the internet. This activity takes children's objects at Ummi Fauziah Rantauprapat Kindergarten. The service period is used for 1 day with several series of activities, namely assessing children's behavior through observation and interviews, counseling about character education for children, and watching the Nussa and Rara serials together. The result of this PKM activity is to increase the knowledge and understanding of these school-age children about noble character values and to be motivated to be smarter in choosing good and more educative shows.


An 18-year-old mother of 2 who had worn an IUD for 5 months postpartum was hospitalized for severe bleeding which was due to a spontaneous abortion of a 2.5-month gestation. The thread of her IUD was in place in the cervix, but the IUD was found by x-ray to be in the cul-de-sac of Douglas. It was removed easily by posterior colpotomy. After a brief summary of perforations reported in the literature, the authors conclude that this perforation probably occurred at the time of insertion.


September 15, 2004. We appreciate Jonathan Rosenfeld's careful reading of our article and his pointing out the importance of examining pretreatment differences between psychoanalysis (PSA) and supportive-expressive psychotherapy (SEP) in our further analyses of data from the Menninger Psychotherapy Research Project. It should be noted, however, that this had been done in an earlier analysis of this data set (Blatt 1992) and no signif icant pretreatment dif ferences were found, either between the two treatment groups (PSA and SEP) or between the two groups of patients (anaclitic and introjective) on the Health-Sickness Rating Scale (Luborsky 1962). Nor was there a significant difference in the length of treatment, though by design patients in PSA were seen significantly more frequently each week (M = 4.67) than patients in SEP (M = 2.72). Additionally, no signif icant differences were found between the two treatment groups (PSA and SEP) on any of the outcome measures used in our analyses of these data, though indications suggest that introjective patients at pretreatment seemed more disturbed than anaclitic patients (they had significantly more thought disorder and greater investment in unrealistic [inaccurately perceived] object representations). While the f indings in this earlier report appear to address Rosenfeld's concern about the possibility of confounds in this nonrandomized study, we believe that his observation has a more general implication for the often poorly understood nature of psychotherapy trials. Specifically, he observes that "in a study that is not randomized, it is possible that multiple factors may be distributed unequally among the groups being compared." What many research consumers tend to overlook is the fact that even in a randomized trial, multiple factors might differentiate the groups. In other words, the success of randomization is probabilistic in nature, and should never be taken for granted. Further, even if randomization is successful, it does not eliminate the possibility of a certain factor interacting with the treatment conditions in predicting outcomes. It is this very possibility that served as our incentive to examine patient-by-treatment interactions, an examination that, we believe, yielded fascinating results about the differential effects of psychoanalysis and supportive-expressive psychotherapy with anaclitic and introjective patients. It is also important to note that there have been recent discussions about the relative advantages and limitations of randomized clinical L e t t e r s


THE REPORT EVALUATED THE POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF A SEGMENT OF A PROPOSED NORTHWEST RAPID TRANSIT ROUTE (4 STATIONS) AND REVIEWS FIVE ALTERNATIVE ROUTE ALIGNMENTS AND STATION LOCATIONS. IT IDENTIFIES THE OBJECTIVES OF THE LOCAL PLANNING AGENCIES AND THE NEIGHBORHOOD INTERESTS WITHIN THE TRANSIT CORRIDORS. IT DEFINES CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES AND OUTLINES TWO FEASIBLE ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED ROUTE WHICH (A) HAVE A LESS DISRUPTIVE EFFECT ON THE NEIGHBORHOOD THEY TRAVERSE. (B) REACH AN EQUAL OR LARGER NUMBER OF PEOPLE (C) COST LESS TO CONSTRUCT AND (D) PROVIDE A GREATER DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL IN THE STATION AREA. /AUTHOR/


This note explores the early modern dramatic reception of two characters, Titus Labienus and Cassius Scaeva, featuring in Julius Caesar's  Commentaries  and subsequently reincarnated in Fletcher and Massinger's  The False One  (ca 1620). I investigate the ostensible reversal in the depiction of status and dramaturgical importance of the two characters in the play as compared to the  Commentaries . Since Lucan's  Civil War , accepted as a major source of the play, marginalises Labienus and elevates Scaeva's exploits into a major scene, this note considers the extent to which Lucan's epic poem conditions the dramatic portrayal of Labienus and Scaeva.


Motivation Visualizing BAM and VCF files is a common task for biologists, but they're missing a way to filter and to explore the details of each short-read or variation. Results In that context, we wrote an interactive java-based interface named JfxNgs that uses javascript snippets to filter and reformat BAM and VCF files. Availability https://github.com/lindenb/jvarkit/blob/master/docs/JfxNgs.md Contact firstname.lastname@example.com.


Shipbuilders carry out the operation test to check the conditions of the main propulsion system and auxiliaries for moored vessel in the quoy before the sea trial. The estimation of the thrust and torque for the partially submerged propeller should be prepared to ensure the safety of mooring line and the ship. In this paper, the variations of the thrust and torque according to the shaft submergence and the propeller rotating speed in bollard pull condition are investigated with the model test and the numerical analysis. Based on these resaearch, the empirical formula representing the physical phenomena of the partially submerged propeller is derived and validated through comparison to measurement results of full-scale propellers under the quoy operation test.


Consolidation of fiber reinforced metal matrix composite preforms at high temperatures seeks to eliminate matrix porosity while minimizing fiber microbending/fracture and the growth of reaction products at the fiber-matrix interface. This paper evaluates to what extent uncertainty in geometry and material parameters affects the final microstructural attributes of the composite. Then several design methods and feedback control designs for robust regulation of consolidation are presented. Efficacy of the methods and designs are illustrated by exploring the design of process schedules for the Ti-6Al-4V/SCS-6 titanium matrix composite with variability in the matrix creep properties.


Observations suggest that most of the magnetic flux through the solar photosphere is concentrated in vertical filaments in the supergranule boundaries. Each filament appears to contain about 3 times 10 to the 18-th power maxwells, in the form of a field of 500 gauss or more, over a diameter of 700 km or less. The magnetic energy density in the filaments is 100 times the observed kinetic energy density of the observed supergranule motions, but comparable to the kinetic energy density of the granules. Force-free field configurations cannot duplicate the observational numbers, nor can such cooling effects as are believed responsible for the intense fields in sunspot umbrae. We point out a simple hydraulic mechanism (turbulent pumping) that appears to account for the observed concentration of fields.


This research aims to evaluate the psycho-education and therapy programs prepared for children and adolescents with the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach and implemented between 2001-2021 in terms of parental involvement. This research, which was carried out in the descriptive model, is a review study. The articles covered in the research were accessed through Web of Science, ERIC, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect academic databases and were determined to be by the inclusion and exclusion criteria determined by the researchers, 10 of which were quasi-experimental with a control group and 7 in a randomized controlled study design. 17 articles were reviewed. Fifteen of the studies included child and adolescent sessions, while 2 included only children's sessions. According to the findings, it was determined that parent participation was used in all of the studies, the number of therapy sessions was between 8-30, and the session durations varied between 20 minutes and 1.5 hours in total, including the child/adolescent and parents It was stated that children and adolescents included in the treatment experienced various psychological disorders such as anxiety disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anger control disorder, attention deficit, and hyperactivity disorder, and eating disorder. These findings show that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy practices for different psychological disorders for children and adolescents benefit from parental involvement in 82% of the studies. The fact that the types of parental involvement and the presence of parental pathologies are not detailed in the studies constitute the shortcomings of parent involvement studies..


The centering of a roentgen tube for radiography requires a simple and accurate localizing device. The one most frequently used consists of a telescopic metal pointer attached to a bracket on the diaphragm frame and which must be turned aside before the exposure. Apart from requiring an excessive amount of manipulation and being insufficiently precise, the pointer usually has a sharpened extremity which may prove a potential cause of injury to patients or operators, especially in the dark. Children are also easily frightened by it. Localizing cones, employed in some departments, are inconvenient to use and produce inaccurate results. The idea of using an optical system, with its obvious advantages, is by no means recent. Such systems have been employed primarily for indicating the picture field outlined by the primary diaphragm. Designs by RUDOLF MANNL dating from 1931 and 1932 defined the surface exposed to radiation by means of illumination from a mirror and an auxiliary lamp arranged in a special manner. Another and later development was the familiar Siemens diaphragm designed by GUND in 1938 which indicated the outline of the field by means of projected bands of light. This construction was combined with a multiple-plane diaphragm. An optical system not unlike that of MANNL'S was designed by BAIER in 1939. An apparatus with a mirror, constructed by PORCHER and CHAUSSE (1944), had a movable lamp as well as a lens. The bundle of visible light could thus be varied. There exist American constructions which employ the optical principle, and a device using a mirror system was recently marketed by Philips Ltd. It is also appropriate to mention


Malaria is an example of an infectious disease which if not diagnosed appropriately and treated promptly can devastate the life of a child. Globally it also has a major impact on quality of life, educational potential, and economic productivity, particularly in resource-poor settings.


In order to verify the total project of internally carried air-launched launch vehicle,the physical models of the cargo,launch vehicle and parachute based on ADAMS and Solidworks were built.The dynamic equation for the dynamic simulation was built according to the detailed dynamic analysis of the three in the process of separation.The simulation model is proved correctly according to the dynamic simulation;it provides a new reference method for air dynamic simulation.


Background: Thermal power facilities using coal are in the first place in terms of emissions. From the burning of coal, about 2,100 tons/year of copper (Cu) falls to the Earth's surface annually. Prolonged inhalation intake of Cu into the human body as part of solid particles of atmospheric air from coal-fired boilers leads to accumulation of trace elements in tissues, the development of hyperelementosis.
Aim: to identify the level of Cu accumulation in the hair of the population of the administrative center of the Altai Republic in relation to the content of trace elements in solid particles of snow cover.
Methods: In 122 residents permanently residing in Gorno-Altaysk, the Cu content in the hair was determined in compliance with the necessary exclusion criteria. In the districts of 10 coal-fired boiler houses of the city, snow samples were taken for analysis for the content of Cu in snow water and solid snow particles. The concentration of Cu in the studied samples was determined by atomic absorption method (Kvant-2, Russia). The Mann - Whitney criterion and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis.
Results: the Cu content in the hair of the examined does not depend on gender (U = 1741; p = 0.580), at the age of 4-21 years, the Cu concentration decreases (U = 29; p = 0.05). The concentration of Cu in the hair of residents of Gorno-Altaysk, compared with other regions of the world, corresponds to low values (10.0 mg / kg), hypo- (7.5 mg / kg 31.9%) is more common among the population than hyperelementosis (25 mg / kg - 5.7%). The Cu content in meltwater from all snow intakes in the areas of coal-fired boilers (0.019-0.049 mg / l) does not exceed the permissible concentration (MPC 0.1 mg / l). In the solid phases of snow from 10 samples (19.37-67.42 mg/kg), only three (56.4-67.2 mg/ kg) showed a slight excess of MPC (55 mg/ kg). No correlation was found between the concentration of Cu in the hair of the population and the content of trace elements in solid particles of snow.
Conclusions: The assumption about the accumulation of Cu in the hair of the population of Gorno-Altaysk in elevated concentrations, inhalation intake of trace elements from coal boilers was not confirmed in this study.


Wetlands are one of the most highly threatened ecosystems on Earth, and their loss and degradation are regarded as major environmental problems. The degradation rate of lake wetlands of the Huitengxile grassland, Inner Mongolia, has increased over recent years. In this study, soil samples were collected in a degraded lake wetland of the Huitengxile grassland. The abundance and composition of soil ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, cloning, and sequencing approaches. Four sampling sites were selected according to the order of water withdrawal. The lakeshore sample appeared to have the highest copy numbers of AOB amoA genes, and the lowest AOB population size was found in the lakebed sample. Similar to AOB, the AOA were most abundant in the lakeshore sample, and the population size in the lake centre sample was the lowest. Ex2cept in one lakebed sample, AOB were more abundant than AOA in all other samples, with AOB to AOA ratios ranging from 11 to 13. Phylogenetic analysis of the amoA gene fragments showed that all AOB sequences from different sites were affiliated to class β-Proteobacteria, order Nitrosomonadales, family Nitrosomonadaceae and can be grouped into two clusters. Little difference was found in AOB community composition among different samples, which indicated that AOB community composition was stable during the drying process of the degraded lake. However, the AOA community compositions were very different between samples. All AOA sequences fell into four clusters. Cluster 1 was dominant in the sample from the centre of the lake, and cluster 2 was dominant in the lakeshore sample, indicating a difference in the community composition of AOA in response to the drying up of the lake. No clear relationship was found between the AOA and AOB community populations and soil physio-chemical properties. This study suggested that the AOA community in wetland systems is more sensitive than the AOB community to the drying process of the wetland ecosystem.


Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a series compensation device designed to compensate for voltage-related power quality (PQ) problems. In the weak distribution systems, the Thevenin impedance of the system is high. On the other hand, the AC-AC converter-based DVR takes the required compensation energy from the grid so that its current increases and extra voltage drop on the system impedance occurs worsening the situation. This paper investigates the operation challenges of the AC-AC converter-based DVR in weak distribution systems and determines the voltage sag compensation capability of the AC-AC converter-based DVR in such a condition. The detailed analysis of the voltage sag compensation capability of the DVR in weak grid is presented and the effect of different parameters such as the grid impedance, load current, and the load power factor are considered and analyzed. The analysis given in the paper are verified by simulation studies on a single-phase 220V DVR.


A novel approach for short-term hydrothermal power systems with cascaded reservoirs using cultural algorithm (CA) is presented in this paper. The large scale hydrothermal scheduling involves optimization of a non-linear objective function with a set of system and hydraulic constraints. The approach takes the water transport delay time between connected reservoirs and complicated hydraulic coupling into accounted, the cost characteristics of individual thermal units are also considered. The cultural algorithm combined with a novel equality constraint handing mechanism provides better solution at a lesser computational effort. The developed algorithm is illustrated for a test system consisting of four hydro plants and three thermal plants. The test results are compared with those of improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) technique. It is found that the CA approach is able to provide better solution in term of fuel cost and computational effort


An analysis is made of the approach suggested by Wood and Chapline [Nature (London) 252, 447 (1974)] for the development of a non-Mossbauer gamma laser pumped by fast neutrons from a laser-induced thermonuclear reaction. It is shown that if allowance is made for the accidental absorption of gamma photons (Compton scattering, inverse bremsstrahlung), which were not considered by Wood and Chapline, the gamma laser proposed by them is found to be unrealistic.


Abstract Although Indian construction companies are facing serious problem of not accomplishing quality level due to ineffective quality management systems. An appropriate mechanism is required for supporting the construction management (CM) as the initial phase of the project is vital in terms of available resources, time, quality and cost. Achieved by executing Total Quality Management (TQM) in construction. Of course, broad research has taken place in exploring the levels of implementation model of TQM in construction at different countries and relating states that suits their respective region (geographical location). Similarly, in the current research, an empirical implementation model of TQM is required to be developed which suits the local scenario (Southern India – Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad and Bangalore) in order to meet construction requirements in terms of customer satisfaction, cost, quality and time. Initially, critical success factors (CSFs) are identified as top management (TM), customer satisfaction (CS), Teamwork, training and employee empowerment (TTE), continuous improvement (CI), process (PM), design (DM), supplier (SM) and quality management (QM). Further key factors are identified under each CSF to conduct questionnaire survey at different regions of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad and Bangalore. The survey report is interpreted by descriptive and statistic reliability tools, to develop an empirical model of executing TQM in construction. It is outlined that CSFs considered are important for the successful implementation of TQM and the order of significance of CSF as follows TTE, TM, SM, QM, CI, PM, CS and DM.


Gasification of coal at different heating chamber gas generator, the gas generator is discharged from the process in the high-temperature gasification was also used as a heating medium to generate a high pressure and / or low pressure steam, after the formation of the vapor cooled cooling water is separated, contained in the first or volatile organic contaminants removed, if necessary, and then fed to the evaporator and the evaporated steam generated as the working gas back to the steam generator. The evaporator heating medium is high and / or low pressure steam, if necessary, the steam is first supplied to a steam turbine used. With this method, the condensed water vapor from coal would not have to pollute the environment.


The invention relates to the technical field of a precise speed reducer, in particular to a micro-backflash cycloidal speed reducer of an industrial robot. The speed reducer is characterized in that:(1) an internal hole of an eccentric sleeve is levorotation multi-headed internal thread that is connected with levorotation multi-headed external thread on an input shaft; the input shaft is sequentially provided with a retaining ring, a disc-shaped spring, a cycloidal gear, a spacing ring, a cycloidal gear, a disc-shaped spring and a retaining ring; the phase angle of two eccentric sleeves is staggered by 180-Delta Psi degrees; the deflection angle Delta Psi leads the teeth of the cycloidal gear to closely lean against the counter-clockwise side of the upper half area of a needle tooth pin and the teeth of the other cycloidal gear to closely lean against the clockwise side of the lower half area of the needle tooth pin; (2) the needle tooth pin is contacted with a needle tooth shell in asemi-embedded way; the needle tooth pin hole on the needle tooth shell is obtained by cutting a continuous and smooth curve through linear cutting. The speed reducer has the beneficial effects that:(1) the manufacturing cost is lower than that of RV by 80-90%; (2) the mechanical manufacturing process is simple and the high-precision machining tool is not needed; and (3) the maintenance is convenient.


Computer calculations were used to simulate the effects of thermal shock on the stresses developed in porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) systems. A three-dimensional-finite-element model was employed to first calculate time-dependent temperature distribution in a beam shaped specimen 1.25-2.5×8×20mm. These were then used in a two-dimensional analysis of stresses in a beam consisting of 50 elements. Transient stresses in a beam consisting of 50 elements were calculated for porcelain, porcelain with an opaque layer, and porcelain-opaque-alloy system; the effects of porcelain thickness, thermal expansion coefficients, and quenching temperatures were evaluated. Experimental tests were also conducted for correlation with the theoretical calculations.Results show that for αm(metal) αp, the surface stress is lower, and the interface stress is higher than αm=αp. When αp-αm>2×10-6°C-1, cracks are more easily initiated in the porcelain surface rather than the interface. Theory and experiment are in general agreement.


The usefulness of CT scanners has been demonstrated in imaging many areas of the body, particularly the brain. However, one serious problem common to all scanners still remains and is related to the x-ray source. Because the source of x-rays produces a spectrum of radiation rather than monoenergetic x-rays, the CT numbers will depend upon the size of the patient so that they are in fact functions of the source, the size and shape of the patient and the point of reconstruction in the patient. For this reason brain tissues near the bone are imaged with elevated CT values so that it appears that the bone extends into the brain and therefore lesions near the skull would be missed. This artefact is known as the "spectral artefact". Another problem due to the polychromatic nature of the x-ray beam is the fact that it is very difficult to obtain meaningful attenuation coefficients and hence the electron density (σ), and average atomic number (Ζ) for each pixel directly from the CT image. The p is required for realistic dose calculations for radiotherapy and may be useful in diagnosis of tumours in the rest of the body. Two methods for correcting the "spectral artefact" and obtaining ρ and Ζ from CT scans will be discussed: 1) Dual detector; 2) Split filter. Results obtained from an experimental CT scanner will be shown.


A case of pelvic actinomycosis, now seen as a complication of intrauterine contraceptive devices, is reported. A 32-year old nulliparous women who had developed pain and irregular bleeding over the previous month presented initially for removal of a Dalkon shield IUD. For the previous 5 years the IUD had caused no symptoms. The Dalkon shield could not be removed, and vaginal examination revealed a tender mass in the pouch of Douglas. The patient was hospitalized for a laparoscopy and removal of the IUD under general anesthesia. Laparoscopy revealed an acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with pus leaking from bilteral pyosalpinges. The IUD was removed, and the patient was treated with parenterally by administered penicillin and streptomycin for 5 days. 3 weeks later the patient was readmitted, complaining of nausea, vomiting and malaise. Clinically she was febrile, with signs of an acute abdomen. On vaginal examination, a large tender mass was palpable in the pouch of Douglas, and the blood film revealed a leukocytosis. When her condition failed to improve after treatment with penicillin and streptomycin, a laparotomy was performed. Gross PID was found with a large ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess on the right side. A total abdominal hysterectomy with bilteral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. After the removal of the infected organs, her temperature dropped and her condition improved rapidly. Pathological findings are reported.


Plant Interactions and Limitations of Growth. Tree Architecture and Growth. Disturbances and Stand Development. Overview of Stand Development Patterns. Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Tree Invasion. Stand Initiation Stage: Single-Cohort Stands. Stem Exclusion Stage: Single-Cohort Stands, Single-Species Stands. Stem Exclusion Stage: Single-Cohort Stands, Mixed-Species Stands. Understory Reinitiation Stage. Old Growth Stage. Multicohort Stands: Behavior of Component Cohorts. Development of Multicohort Stands. Stand Edges, Gaps, and Clumps. Quantification of Stand Development. Forest Patterns Over Long Times and Large Areas. References. Appendix. Index.


A DBD plasma jet, which works under atmospheric pressure, has been developed for fundamental investigation of plasma chemistry and applications such as modification and surface treatment of polymers. The plasma is generated with a dielectric barrier discharge and a process gas (He or Ar) which flowing out into environment air. The DBD plasma jet features a cold gas temperature [1][2]. In this work electrical and optical characteristics of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet generated at 70 kHz frequency in Ar, He and theirs mixtures with water vapor is investigated.


Based on extensive surveys conducted during and after the campaign, The Challenge of Direct Democracy is a comprehensive investigation of voter opinion, intention, perception, and behaviour in a referendum. The authors investigate voters' responses to arguments for and against the Accord, examine how well informed voters were, and explore a variety of explanations to account for the negative result.


Software tools for engineering cellular systems have always been in the domain of mainframe or large minicomputers. The introduction of fast micro-computers-personal computers (PCs)-makes it possible to engineer small to medium sized cellular systems without the high costs associated with large computers. Signal prediction and coverage, interference analysis, and system growth analysis are examples of applications that can be done on a properly equipped, efficiently programmed personal computer with many advantages and little or no penalty compared to using a mainframe.


Canada Wire has invested heavily in the area of information technology and is now applying this to multi-million dollar, computer-controlled dry-cure and full triple-extrusion equipment. Information technology, process control and processing equipment are now established within Canada Wire's manufacturing plants. The system for monitoring and controlling the manufacturing processes is called CAMICS. The CWIC LINK system links Canada Wire to its key customers giving online access to databases containing information such as inventory status and restocking dates, order status, product catalogues and account status.


Without a doubt, marketable innovations are a prerequisite for growth and success. These future relevant investments set the course for the knowledge-based competition between businesses. The demands placed on laboratory facilities are constantly increasing to meet research requirements. But what does this look like in practice? Dr. Margareta Dellert-Ritter spoke to Prof. Dr. Hans-Jorg Bullinger, President of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, who provided an exemplary illustration of the importance of innovations.