This concluding chapter analyses the various promises and challenges that were embodied in the Arab revolutions and face the region as it moves forward. It concludes by noting that if those who participated in these popular movements are patient, engage and invest in this period of change to make their own authentic and democratic future, then there is real hope for the region. It is up to the people of the MENA to decide whether the spark ignited in the many 'Tahrir' squares is snuffed out or burns brightly.


S. Landy & S. Bradley, "Children with multiple mental health challenges: an integrated approach to intervention," (New York: Springer, 2014) ISBN: 978-0-8261-9959-1


At the end of the UN Decade for Indigenous Peoples (1994-2004) it is still highly unlikely that the Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples will pass through the General Assembly. Granting special rights to a particular part of the population is still a very controversial issue in many countries. In a few, it is true, indigenous peoples have been given a special status: the Philippines, for instance, has been amongst those countries since its Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act came into force. In most countries, how ever, national policies do not favour a special status for indigenous peoples, and in fact the very notion of being indigenous is denied. Malaysia is among those countries that do not want to get involved in this international debate, claiming that all Malay people are indigenous, while at the same time recog nizing the Orang Asli as a special category within the population. Over the years the number of publications about the various groups of Orang Asli has been very substantial. Officially the Orang Asli comprise 18 ethno-linguistic groups of which the Temiar, Semai, Senoi, Jakun, Temuan, and Negritos (such as the Batek) are the best known. Both foreign and Malaysian researchers have written extensively about them in specialized monographs. In spite of their relatively small numbers (about 130,000), they feature prominently in the discussion about indigenous peoples and the


This qualitative study explores the experiences of people who have changed therapy rooms during ongoing psychological work. Results suggest that changing rooms can affect people in terms of feeling safe, finding comfort, feeling valued and feeling equal.


The objective of the following work is to present the previous investigation about social cartography of the religious experience in the virtual learning network of the Virtual Degree in Religious Sciences from the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, with the aim to achieve a contribution to the religious experience from the human experiences of those who are part of virtual learning network. The human and religious experience of the members of the virtual learning network of LCRV of PUJ were observed, in order to know how the relationship individualindividual occurs among the members of the learning community, and the happening of the religious experience in these virtual learning spaces (Platform Blackboard, Skype, e-mail among others) to discover how human experiences, are presence of the revelation of God in the virtual context. Starting from the theoretical assumption that human experiences are possible in LCRV learning spaces, it can be said that all human experiences are, at the same time, a religious experience. That is why it is possible to cartography the human and religious experiences in LCRV learning spaces and to discover in them an encounter with God from the exchange among individuals. The methodical focus of the investigation follows the parameters of ParticipatoryAction-Investigation, since it grants theoretical guide lines to the investigation and, guides in the specific procedures to be carried out. This focus broaches with the hermeneutic method used in theology, whose procedure is the study of all the elements established in the game of understanding, that is: text, context and pretext. This allows the application of the social cartography technique, which


Abstract Cisplatin [DDP, cis -dichlorodiammine platinum (II)], a strong cytostatic and antineoplastic agent, was tested on seedlings of cucumber Cucumis sativus L. for its general effect on root development and its particular effects on root cell division and cell growth. DDP was characterized as a radiomimetic compound since both DDP (1·3 × 10 -5 M) and γ-irradiation (2·5-10 kGy) drastically and irreversibly stopped development of embryonic lateral root primordia (LRPs) in the radicle by inhibiting both mitotic activity and cell growth. In 20% of the LRPs of DDP-treated roots, cells did not divide at all. Dividing cells completed no more than two cell cycles. These effects were specific because when DDP was available to the roots only at the onset of cell division, cell proliferation and cell growth were similar to that produced by constant incubation. Neither DDP nor γ-irradiation affected non-meristematic cell elongation. It was concluded that cell growth of meristematic cells is closely related to cell division. However, non-meristematic cell growth is independent of DNA damage. This suggests DDP as a tool to reveal these autonomous processes in plants development and to detect tissue compartments in mature plant embryos which contain potentially non-meristematic cells.


So long as a specific parasite for alopecia areata remains undiscovered or is not proven beyond a doubt, so long will the parasitic theory as applied to this affection encounter many adversaries. In favor of this theory in default of the parasite itself there are certain facts of contagion which are definitely proven, and which cannot be regarded as simple coincidences. Among the cases of alopecia which we have had occasion to study in the wards of the St. Louis in the services of Drs. Hallopeau and Vidal, we have noted different ways of transmission from one individual to another of variable degrees of importance. Here are certain examples of the first order of facts which we are able to see quite frequently: First . A small girl is affected with alopecia; her sister sleeping in the same bed is ere long attacked with the same disease. Second . Three children of


The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the use of computer assisted media in discovery learning models to learning outcomes of basic electrical and electronic training courses. The research subject is class X in the expertise of Audio Video (TAV) expertse. this type of research is a quasi-experimental. Students of class X TAV in SMK 1 Ranah Ampek Hulu are 29 school year 2018/2019 and here only take samples from the study as many as 25 students. The data of this study were taken by collecting scores four times through Pretest and Postest with an objective question of 15 items for a single meeting, the question also passed the different test questions, difficulty indexes, validity and reliability. From the four pretest and posttest meetings the results of the study can be seen using the normality test and hypothesis testing. From the results of the study there are average results of the pretest is 60.64 while the posttest is 82.88. The results of the t-test analysis obtained by tcount = 3.738 which is greater than t table = 1.711 at the 0.05 level of significance. Thus it can be concluded that the learning process using powerpoint media has an influence on the learning outcomes of class X TAV students of SMK 1 Ampek Hulu.Keywords: Computer Based Learning, Powerpoint, Discovery Learning (DL)


The debates on whether the cooperative finance should be retained have never been stopped. And from the debates we can recognize some misunderstanding about this subject. This paper intends to define the connotation of cooperative finance, analyze the institutional constraints on cooperative finance and put forward a few problems we should pay attention to in practice.


Screening for optimum induction parameters to improve the production of periplasmic interferon-α2b (PrIFN-α2b) by recombinant Escherichia coli was conducted using shake flask culture. Recombinant E. coli Rosetta-gami 2(DE3) harboring the plasmid pET26b containing IFN-α2b gene under the control of the T7lac promoter was used, where the induction was accomplished by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The induction parameters (inducer concentration, point of induction, induction temperature and the length of induction) were analyzed to find the suitable range to be used for further optimization process. From the analysis, narrow range of induction temperature from 16 to 30°C and IPTG lower than 2 mM were found suitable for induction of PrIFN-α2b. On the other hand, early log phase was the preferred time to initiate the induction and the length of induction was dependent on the combination of other induction parameters used.

 Key words: Interferon-α2b (IFN-α2b), induction parameter, Escherichia coli,periplasm, shake flask culture.


In this study, transient 2D/axisymmetric simulations of cavitating flows are performed using a modified 'Volume-of-Fluid' (VOF) technique. Simulation of the cavitation is based on a homogenous equilibrium flow model. To predict the shape of the cavity, the Navier–Stokes equations in addition to an advection equation for the liquid volume fraction are solved. Mass transfer between the phases is treated as a sink term in the VOF equation. The numerical method is used for different geometries in a wide range of cavitation numbers. Computed shapes of cavities were found to be in good agreement with those of the reported experiments. The simulation results also compared well with those obtained from analytical relations.


Studying the oxygenation kinetics of (19R/S,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)‐19‐hydroxyeicosa‐5,8,11,14‐tetraenoic acid (19‐OH‐AA) by rabbit 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 we observed a pronounced oxygen dependence of the reaction rate, which was not apparent with arachidonic acid as substrate. Moreover, we found that peroxide‐dependent activation of the lipoxygenase depended strongly on the oxygen concentration. These data can be described with a kinetic model that extends previous schemes of the lipoxygenase reaction in three essential aspects: (a) the product of 19‐OH‐AA oxygenation is a less effective lipoxygenase activator than (13S,9Z,11E)‐13‐hydroperoxyoctadeca‐9,11‐dienoic acid; (b) molecular dioxygen serves not only as a lipoxygenase substrate, but also impacts peroxide‐dependent enzyme activation; (c) there is a leakage of radical intermediates from the catalytic cycle, which leads to the formation of inactive ferrous lipoxygenase. This enzyme inactivation can be reversed by another round of peroxide‐dependent activation. Taken together our data indicate that both peroxide activation and the oxygen affinity of lipoxygenases depend strongly on the chemistry of the lipid substrate. These findings are of biological relevance as variations of the reaction conditions may turn the lipoxygenase reaction into an efficient source of free radicals.


Using the xenon-133 clearance technique for measurement of myocardial blood flow, it was shown that propanidid produced a large but transient increase in myocardial oxygen availability in the dog. With 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, myocardial blood flow rose by 26% and 75% respectively, independent of any change in perfusion pressure, cardiac output or myocardial oxygen consumption. Cremophor-EL was found to have no effect on myocardial blood flow.


This paper defines a notion of semi-stability for matching problem with couples, which is a natural generalization of, and further identical to, the conventional stability for matching without couples. It is shown that there always exists a semi-stable matching for couples markets with strict preferences, and the set of semi-stable matchings can be partitioned into subsets, each of which forms a distributive lattice. We further prove that a semi-stable matching is stable when couples play reservation strategies. This result perfectly explains the puzzle of NRMP even for finite markets. Moreover, we define a notion of asymptotic stability and present sufficient conditions for a sequential couples market to be asymptotically stable. Another remarkable contribution is that we develop a new algorithm, called Persistent Improvement Algorithm, for finding semi-stable matchings, which is also more efficient than the Gale-Shapley algorithm for finding stable matchings for singles markets. Lastly, this paper investigates the welfare property and incentive issues of semi-stable mechanisms.


The stable monolayer and multilayer films of colloidal nanocrystals – quantum dots (QDs) were obtained and studied. It is possible to visualize and characterize morphology (structural integrity, etc.) of the QD monolayers by Brewster angle and fluorescence microscopy techniques. The obtained films can be promising elements of the nanohybrid structures (such as QDs with natural biomembrane fragments and components) in photovoltaic cells and "nanoscale" materials for bio- and nanotechnology.


An often-overlooked aspect during the development process of electrical machines is the validity and accuracy of the machine material properties being used at the design stage. Designers usually consider the data provided by the material supplier, which are measured on material in an unprocessed state. However, the fact that the machining processes required to produce the finished product (e.g., the stator core) can permanently vary the material properties is very often neglected. This paper, therefore, deals with and investigates the effects that such processes can have on the overall machine performance. To do this, three sets of material data, the material suppliers' data, material data based on conventional characterization methods, and material data based on test samples that include the manufacturing processes, are used to develop three versions of the same baseline machine. The results of these three machines are then compared, and the resulting variations of the machine's performance are presented and described. The chosen baseline machine is a high-performance and relatively high speed, aerospace, electrical machine. Special attention is focused on the efficiency maps of the machine, as this aspect is highly dependent on the material properties that are the most sensitive to manufacturing processes such as the material's anhysteretic B–H curve and its specific core loss.


For applications of spectroscopy and monitoring of atmospheric trace gases, laser-based continuously tunable mid-infrared source (2-20 μm) produced through parametric frequency conversion process has been rapidly developed ([1], [2], [3]).


New current-mode current-controlled filters are proposed. The proposed realization requires three dual-output positive/negative-type current-controlled current conveyors (CCCII±) and can simultaneously realize low-pass, high-pass and band-pass responses. Realization of notch and all-pass responses is feasible. The parameters ω0, ω0/Q0 and the band-pass gain can be controlled by adjusting the bias currents of CCCIIs. The proposed realizations enjoy low sensitivities.


Block Truncation Coding (BTC) is one of the lossy image compression techniques. The computational complexity involved in this method is very simple. In the proposed method, the feature of inter-pixel correlation is exploited to further reduce the requirement of bits to store a block. The proposed method gives very good performance in terms of bit-rate and PSNR values when compared to the conventional BTC.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To identify the relationship between emergency nurses' intention to leave the hospital and their coping methods following workplace violence.

BACKGROUND
Emergency departments report a high prevalence of workplace violence, with nurses being at particular risk of violence from patients and patients' relatives. Violence negatively influences nurses' personal and professional lives and increases their turnover.

DESIGN
This is a cross-sectional, descriptive survey study.

METHODS
Participants were nurses (n = 214) with over one year of experience of working in an emergency department. We measured workplace violence, coping after workplace violence experiences and job satisfaction using scales validated through a preliminary survey. Questionnaires were distributed to all nurses who signed informed consent forms. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between nurses' intention to leave the hospital and their coping methods after workplace violence.

RESULTS
Verbal abuse was the most frequent violence experience and more often originated from patients' relatives than from patients. Of the nurses who experienced violence, 61.0% considered leaving the hospital. As for coping, nurses who employed problem-focused coping most frequently sought to identify the problems that cause violence, while nurses who employed emotion-focused coping primarily attempted to endure the situation. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex, emotion-focused coping and job satisfaction were significantly related to emergency nurses' intention to leave.

CONCLUSIONS
Emotion-focused coping seems to have a stronger effect on intention to leave after experiencing violence than does job satisfaction.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Nurse managers should begin providing emergency nurses with useful information to guide their management of violence experiences. Nurse managers should also encourage nurses to report violent experiences to the administrative department rather than resorting to emotion-focused coping. Nurses should be provided with the opportunity to communicate their feelings to their colleagues.


Few female Amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum caught from the vegetation had copulated. The age of unfed females did not affect mating. Males lost weight after being on the host and there was no evidence that they fed. Unfed males performed a mean of 2.7 matings. During copulation they introduced only the cheliceral digits into the female genital aperture. Copulation lasted longer after the first mating. The initial pre-copulation period of unfed males was longer at 25°C than at 30 or 35°C. Unfed adults released pheromone(s) with inter- and/or intra-sex attraction. lt is suggested that copulation normally takes place around the time of female attachment to a host; this provides the highest fertility of the eggs.


Sisakhan base metal deposit is likely to be a workable mineral deposit in rather poorly mineralised Himalaya. The mineralised quartz vein contains mainly galena and small quantity of chalcopyrite and sphalerite. The mineralised vein is structurally controlled at the contact of chlorite schist and biotite schist and probably emplaced in the later part of Neogene as no evidence of deformation is found in the vein. The preliminary investigation suggests that the mineralisation took place in relatively dry and low temperature condition.


It has been suggested that verbally sophisticated individuals engage in a series of precurrent behaviors (e.g., covert intraverbal behavior, grouping stimuli, visual imagining) to solve problems such as answering questions (Palmer, 1991; Skinner, 1953). We examined the effects of one problem solving strategy--visual imagining--on increasing responses to intraverbal categorization questions. Participants were 4 typically developing preschoolers between the ages of 4 and 5 years. Visual imagining training was insufficient to produce a substantial increase in target responses. It was not until the children were prompted to use the visual imagining strategy that a large and immediate increase in the number of target responses was observed. The number of prompts did not decrease until the children were given a rule describing the use of the visual imagining strategy. Within-session response patterns indicated that none of the children used visual imagining prior to being prompted to do so and that use of the strategy continued after introduction of the rule. These results were consistent for 3 of 4 children. Within-session response patterns suggested that the 4th child occasionally imagined when prompted to do so, but the gains were not maintained. The results are discussed in terms of Skinner's analysis of problem solving and the development of visual imagining.


A nonlinear model of a transistor negatron taking account of interruption of the collector current and the current nonlinearity is described. The times at which the emitter junction is switched off and on are determined more accurately. A transistor negatron in frequency-converter mode is investigated. Numerical calculation of the characteristics is undertaken for the proposed model.


The aim this research is to analyze the effect of employee motivation in accounting department on financial accounting information quality, the effect employee training in accounting department on financial accounting information quality, and the effect employee in accounting department on financial accounting information quality. This research use purposive sampling. The responder are the employee in accounting department who works at small and medium enterprise. There are 73 respondents. Research model is multiple regression. This research found that employee motivation influence financial accounting information quality. Motivation can push the employee to prepare financial statement. Accounting training for the employee have no influence for the financial accounting information quality caused of respondents criteria have been take which is different another research which probably caused by almost education from senior height school, poor follow accounting and practice which do employee in accounting department that can influence less understanding about financial accounting information quality. And experience employee in accounting department have no influence that financial accounting information quality which probably cause from poor experience small medium enterprise in financial accounting information quality and less experience in accounting. Which financial accounting information quality influenced by experience and long time experience in accounting department.


Breathing sounds are a rich source of information that can assist doctors in diagnosing pulmonary diseases in a non-invasive manner. Several algorithms can be developed based on these sounds to create an automatic classification system for lung diseases. To implement these systems, researchers traditionally follow two main steps: feature extraction and pattern classification. In recent years, deep neural networks have gained attention in the field of breathing sound classification as they have proven effective for training large datasets. In this study, we conducted a comparison of two versions of the VGG16-based deep learning model for breathing sound classification using Gammatonegrams as input. We implemented two extensions of the VGG16 model - one executed from scratch and the other based on a pretrained VGG16 model using transfer learning. We processed digital recordings of cycle-based breathing sounds to obtain Gammatonegrams images, which were then fed as input to the VGG16 network. In addition, we performed data augmentation in our experiments using audio cycles from the ICBHI database to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The classification results were obtained using the Google Collaboratory platform.


The authors of this report are solely responsible for the content, style, language and editorial control. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission.


This article investigates the value of reducing non-point-source pollution in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Using stated preference methods, we find the lower bound on the benefits of reducing runoff enough to universally increase water clarity by 4 ft is greater than $10 million annually. Using a unique survey design, we show that because current water clarity in Green Bay is spatially variable, the value that a household places on this universal improvement depends on the distance of the household's residence from the bay and on the particular geospatial location of the residence. This has important implications for estimating aggregate benefits. (JEL Q51, Q53)


This paper introduces a novel method to improve CO2 permeability and CO2/light gas permselectivity by adding poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) into the PEG–silica organic–inorganic hybrid matrix. The matrix is cross-linked by in-situ formation of silica nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 1 to 5 nm. These particles disperse homogenously in the organic phase according to the morphology studied by scanning TEM. Much small particles were evolved after blending PEG into the matrix due to more fraction of bifunctional and trifunctional silicon containing groups. Four PEGs with different molecular weights (Mw = 400, 1000, 1500, and 2000 g/mol) are added into the matrix prior to the matrix formation. Permeability coefficients of three pure gases (H2, N2, and CO2) and one mixed gas (CO2/N2) are measured to explore the effects of PEG content and molecular weight on the gas transport properties. The membrane containing 60 wt % of 1000 g/mol PEG could achieve an ultrahigh CO2 permeability of 845 barrer with CO2/H2 a...


Experiments typically rely on small payments to incentivize participants. This works if participants view these payments as fungible with their own money, but if participants view the payments as a windfall, they may behave differently in experiments than in real life. We modify standard risky choice protocols by making participants earn their money at risk by completing manual tasks such as peeling potatoes. This leads to less risk-taking and to choices more consistent with those online survey respondents anticipate making with their own money. When realistic levels of risk aversion are important, experiments should require participants to earn their stakes.


Objective To compare effectiveness and practicality of ureteral nipple vesico-ureteral reimplantation and submucosal tunnel vesico-ureteral reimplantation.Methods The clinical data of 56 patients who diagnosed ureteral end obstruction in Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from January 2008 to June 2012 was analyzed retrospectively.The patients were categorized into 2 groups:ureteral nipple vesico-ureteral reimplantation group(n=24) and submucosal tunnel vesico-ureteral reimplantation group(n=32).The detailed clinical data of these patients were gathered and analyzed,including operation time,blood loss during operation,postoperative hydronephrosis remission rate,postoperative anti-vesicoureteral reflux rate and incidence rate of postoperative complications.Results Compared with submucosal tunnel vesico-ureteral reimplantation group,the operation time and blood loss were shorter or lower significantly in ureteral nipple vesico-ureteral reimplantation group(P0.05).There was no significant difference in postoperative hydronephrosis remission rate,postoperative anti-vesicoureteral reflux rate and incidence rate of postoperative complications between the two group(P0.05).Conclusions Compared with submucosal tunnel vesico-ureteral reimplantation,ureteral nipple vesico-ureteral reimplantation has less suffering,less blood loss and the same clinical therapeutic effect for ureteral end obstruction.It is easily mastered and worthy to be popularized.


Objective:To determine and monitor the effect of asphyxia on the blood glucose of the newborns.Methods:Measure the peripheral blood glucose of 76 asphyxial newborns within 1 hour after birth,and compare with that of the normal newborns,and disscuss the effect of asphyxia on the blood glucose of the newborns.Results:Blood glucose disturbance rate 1 hour after birth in the asphyxia group is higher than that of control(χ2=15.134,P0.05),and the blood glucose level in asphyxia group is also higher(5.09±3.35mmol/L VS 3.82±1.31mmol/L,t=2.964,P0.05).compared with mild asphyxia group,the blood glucose disturbance rate 1 hour after birth is higher in severe asphyxia group(χ2=8.525,P0.05),and the blood glucose in severe asphyxia group is more than that of mild asphyxia group(6.15±4.33mmol/L VS 4.37±2.24mmol/L,t=-2.343,P0.05).the blood glucose disturbance of most asphyxia newborns could be corrected by treatment during the first 24 hours.Conclusions:neonatal blood glucose disturbance could be aggravated by asphyxia,We should monitor the blood glucose of asphyxia newborns and take measure to make it be normal as earlier as possible.


This chapter contains sections titled: Technology and Market Evolution: 1950s–1983, The Political Economy of Marketplace Change in the United States, Parallel Changes around the World, Summary


At December 27, 1949, the Dutch recognized Indonesian sovereignty of the republic after the holding of talks between Indonesia and the Netherlands in the Round Table Conference (RTC). The impact of the results of the RTC in the field of security is the establishment APRIS (Armed Forces of the United Republic of Indonesia) as the national army RIS. Construction of the army and security become the focus of government interference in the RIS.Background The statement above raises several issues, namely how the army / military before the convening of the RTC, how APRIS formation as defense and security agencies for RIS, how to position and organizational structure usnsur elements contained in APRIS, and how APRIS role in maintaining stability RIS years 1949-1950.The method of research used in writing this thesis is a method of historical research. Starting with the stages heuristic, criticism, interpretation up to the stage of historiography. Source collection conducted in libraries. Sources that have been obtained in accordance with the study. After that, the source is processed with interpretation and interpretation, and the last stages of writing research.The results of this study describes the development of the armed forces of Indonesia after the recognition of the sovereignty of the state and its role in maintaining security and stability in the RIS. Progress in the construction of army RIS focused on the rationalization of the former KNIL impacting army reorganization. During RIS, APRIS hold a series of military operations to crush the movement some uprising in order to maintain stability and security of the government running RIS.Keyword : RIS, APRIS, Stability Security


Thiscontribution focuses ontheoptimization ofthe parameters fortheservices inasub-band basedOFDM system using AMC andpowercontrol atthephysical layer andhaving afinite-length queueatthedatalink layer. Since thelength ofthequeueatthedatalink isnot infinite, thepackets arepossible tobedropped before their transmission atthephysical layer, andon the contrary, there maybeinadequate packets inthequeuefor thephysical layer totransmit. Thedropping rateandthe error ratewilljointly affect thepacket lossrate. Itis necessary toconsider theparameters inthephysical layer andhighlayers tominimize thepacket loss rateofthe wireless systems, whichwill lead toanimproved spectral efficiency andhighdatarate. Numerical results are presented to showtherelationships betweenthe performances andvarious parameters.


The physiological mechanisms controlling the growth, lactation and reproductive cycles of cervids, and the control of allocation of energy to different organs are discussed. The growth cycle may be secondary to an appetite cycle, regulated by changes in the secretion of prolactin, gonadal steroids, and possibly unknown factors. The reproductive cycle is controlled by changes in the release at the hypothalamic hormone GnRH, and by changes in the feedback effect of gonadal steroids. These cycles are probably the result of the timing effects of nutrition and changing photoperiod on an endogenous, circannual rhythm. The effect of photopenod is mediated by the pineal hormone melatonin. The physiological mechanisms controlling the partitioning of substrates between milk production, fetal growth and the tissues of the mother are poorly understood, but may involve changes in the secretion of growth hormone, insulin and triiodothyronine.


A spread-spectrum clock generator (SSCG) is a cost-effective solution to reduce EMI, which has become a serious problem in high-speed systems. In applications such as serial links, display drivers and consumer electronics, SSCG is essential or strongly recommended. Control options such as frequency deviation (δ) and modulation frequency (fm) help to satisfy these demands. Furthermore, efficient modulation-profile generation is critical for achieving further EMI reduction and lowering fabrication cost. PLL-based SSCGs are reported in [1–3]. The ΔΣ modulator (ΔΣM) controls the division ratio [1,2] and the phase information of phase detector (PD) [3] to generate a spread-spectrum clock. The self-referenced clock generator uses a capacitor array to generate a spread-spectrum clock [7]. However, they do not have a way to control δ and fm. Dual-loop direct VCO modulation [4] and digital period synthesizer with delay-line [5] are able to control δ and fm. However, [4] requires an additional VCO, which increases the power consumption by 2×, and [5] suffers from a large deterministic jitter through the delay-line and logic circuits. A triangular profile is commonly used in many SSCGs [1,3,4]. Though the implementation of a triangular profile is very simple, its performance is poor. The chaotic PAM modulation in [2] requires complex analog circuits. Recently, a piecewise-linear profile with SRAM was presented in [5]. However, the additional memory consumes a large amount of power and occupies a large area. This paper presents a frequency-locked loop (FLL) based SSCG with frequency-to-voltage converter (FVC) [6], that saves area and provides multiple δ with low bandwidth variation. A memoryless Newton-Raphson modulation profile with multiple fm is also described.


The '¶løqeia' was, for Parmenides, nothing other than the very thing, which he discovered and gave it a name 'tÿ ù'n' for the first time. The denomination of a novel concept like that of 'tÿ ù'n' inevitably forces one to grapple with a traditional system of language, under which he is inevitably restricted and which comprises everything that is already known. The language necessarily presupposes a whole of conventional things that has been traditionally established by social consensus or surroundings1). It is an original field where the so-called Urdoxa casts its anchor2). The words of a language are fully charged with various preconceptions imposed by collective usage, which may conceal and pervert the real state of things. In order to reveal the real state of things, one must uncover the veil of concealed facts. Thus, the act of ¶lhqe›ein necessarily has to be a kind of apo-calypsis which could be expressed by a series of negative terms such as 'un-dressing,' 'un-covering,' 'un-veiling,' and so on. Seen from such a viewpoint, the Parmenidean Way of Truth might be viewed as nothing other than the way of methodological negation3) by which the naked and patent reality could be disclosed. About 2500 years ago, Parmenides, an Western philosopher, went along this way to ¶løqeia, and came back again to the native land of mortals in order to tell them the truth of tÿ ù'n in human language; namely the so-called Doxa-language. By the way, contrasting with Parmenides' case, it is very interesting that, in the second and third centuries A. D., Nagarjuna, another philosopher in the East, followed a very similar way of negation. He too preached to people on the doctrine of two truths, namely truth relating to worldly convention on the one hand and truth in terms of ultimate fruit on the other hand. THE DOUBLE TRUTH


The purposes of this research are to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Pindul Cave Tourism Object as well as create the best strategies in efforts to developing Pindul Cave Tourism Object to increase community income. This research used a descriptive approach, by collecting data in the form of primary data.. The analysis technique used in this research are observation, interviews, Focus Group Discussion and documentation. The subjects on this research are managers of tourism object such as Government Tourism Office, Secretary of District, POKDARWIS of Pindul Cave, and tourism stakeholders, seller of bakso tusuk, parking guards, guide. The analysis tool of this research is SWOT analysis. Based on SWOT analysis identifications of Pindul Cave Tourism Object development strategies the results of data collected are; 1) internal factors of Pindul Cave Tourism Object which are strengths and weaknesses that can support and inhibit the development of tourism object. 2) external factors of Pindul Cave Tourism Object which are strengths and weaknesses that can support and inhibit the development of tourism object. 3) the best strategy can be executed by Pindul  Cave Tourism Object which is SO strategy (Strengths and Opportunities).


Remnant specimen from 1215 women screening for chlamydia/gonorrhea at 4 different venue types (sexually transmitted disease clinics, home-test kit users, juvenile and adult detention) in Los Angeles, California, were tested for Trichomonas vaginalis. Prevalence of T. vaginalis varied by screening population, and concurrent chlamydia or gonorrhea was independently associated with T. vaginalis.


The simulation of separation control using a synthetic jet (SJ) is conducted around an NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 0015 airfoil by large-eddy simulation (LES) with a compact difference scheme. The synthetic jet is installed at the leading edge of the airfoil and the effects of an actuation frequency F + (normalized by chord length and velocity of freestream) are observed. The lift-drag coefficient is recovered the most for F + = 6. The relationship between momentum addition by turbulent mixing and large vortex structures is investigated using a phase-averaging procedure based on F + . The Reynolds shear stress is decomposed into periodic and turbulent components where the turbulent components are found to be dominant on the airfoil. The strong turbulent components appear near the large vortex structures that are observed in phase- and span-averaged flow fields.


In considering risk forecasting in light of anthropological and interdisciplinary impact assessment literature, this article demonstrates that impact assessment in Canada's tar sands sector is about designing the future, legitimizing future energy development, and rendering defense of foraging economies into technical, rather than political, channels. Impact assessment is a future-oriented, modeling-based practice, with a problematic relationship to empirical research methods such as ethnography. While purportedly foregrounding the knowledge of expert forecasters over that of impacted people, impact assessment documents and processes actually raise serious questions about forecasters' expertise and impartiality. Using three case studies of traditional land use reports from the tar sands region, this article draws on literature from the Anthropology of the Future to understand and critique the construction of expert knowledge and predictive power in the tar sands region through social impact assessment doc...


From the turmoil during the warlord period in the early years of the young Republic of China and the Chinese civil war to the vicissitudes of the Cultural Revolution in the late 1960s and the civil war in South Vietnam – on many occasions in history Hong Kong has proved to be a safe haven for regime opponents and the politically persecuted. 1 Its unmatched economic freedom 2 , the respect for civil liberties 3 and its pluralized and open media landscape 4 further contributed to the city's reputation for freedom. 5


This paper examines the stock market reaction to the appointment of female directors in Singapore-listed companies and investigates what determines the reaction. We study a sample of 30 companies that has met several selection criteria and use the event study methodology applied to data collected before and after the announcement of the appointment of female directors to the boards of these companies. As a proxy for investor reactions, we examine changes in stock market prices of these companies at different points in time. We find a positive announcement effect and, over a two-day announcement period, an average value of 2.31% is generated for shareholders. This enhanced value is positively impacted by non-duality (separation of the offices of CEO and chairperson), and the appointment of women directors as CEO. However, the proportion of women directors, as a variable, did not have a significant effect on share prices. The study suggests that investors in Singapore value the diversity and potential contribution of women on the board of directors.(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)IntroductionThe existing diversity literature reveals a slow but steady rise in female presence on the board of directors of companies around the world (e.g., Germaine and Siegel, 1999; Hughes 2000; Koss-Feder, 2002; and MacKendrick, 2002). While it is clear that in most countries female presence on boards of directors is limited, this paper examines whether the cries for equality are justified by what really matters to the firm's owners - shareholder value. Does gender diversity in the boardroom contribute to higher firm value? Several European countries (including France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom) have put regulations in place requiring a minimum proportion of female directors to be appointed. Singapore does not have such a requirement. This study therefore investigates the stock market reaction of investors to the voluntary appointment of female directors and evaluates the extent that investors recognize the potential contribution of women directors. Besides adding to the diversity of corporate boards, the appointment of female directors may be viewed as a means of improving corporate governance of firms whose boards may be dominated by old-boys networks.The current literature largely focuses on the board of directors, in general, as opposed to women in top management or executive positions. Carter, Simkins, and Simpson (2003) examine the relationship between board diversity and firm value for the Fortune 1000 firms. They present empirical evidence of a significant positive relation between the proportion of women on the board of directors and firm value. In contrast, Shrader, Blackburn, and lies (1997) report a negative relation between the percentage of female board members and firm value. One could argue for greater female representation that, since women represent a significant proportion of the customer base in many corporations, the presence of female directors would bring the female perspective to the boardroom and positively impact the bottom-line of companies. Burke (1994) provides evidence that male CEOs found the viewpoints of female directors beneficial in understanding female clients.With such intriguing and contrasting findings, given the emphasis on greater female representation in the boardroom, it is a challenge to show that investors recognize the intangible qualities women bring to the company in a tangible manner with quantifiable evidence. A study conducted by The Leader's Edge Research(TM) (2000) reveals that corporate culture is the most significant barrier to women moving up into top executive positions. Two-thirds of the women surveyed say they desire top-level executive positions, and more than half of them say they will move to another company if they are passed over for promotion. This is further substantiated in a survey by The Leader's Edge Research(TM) (2002), which finds that 39 percent of executive women ranked corporate culture as the number one reason why they left their most recent position. …


Abstract Undoped and Zn doped LiNbO3, crystals were grown by Czochralski method, with Zn concentrations in the melts of 0, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, and 12.0 mol. %, respectively. In the crystals with Zn concentration lower than 6.0 mol. %, the OH absorption bands and Raman peaks change little compared with the undoped LiNbO3. But for the crystals containing higher than 6.0 mol. % Zn, the OH− absorption bands shift to shorter wavelength, and there are some changes in Raman spectra. The crystal structure change is discussed.


The studies undertaken on the x spectra of transuranic elements were extended to the M absorption spectrum, thanks to a specially developed apparatus which contains a spectrograph with focussing under helium. The five discontinuities of metallic plutonium were measured. (tr-auth)


An image decoding apparatus comprising:
a processor which determines coding units having a hierarchical structure for decoding an image, at least one prediction unit for predicting each of the coding units, and at least one transformation unit for inversely transforming each of the coding units, by using information about a division shape of a coding unit, information about the at least one prediction unit, and
information about the at least one transformation unit, parsed from a received bitstream of an encoded video; and
a decoder which parses from the bitstream transformation coefficients generated by transformation according to the at least one transformation unit generated by dividing the coding unit, reconstructs encoded data of the at least one prediction unit by performing entropy decoding, inverse quantization, and inverse transformation on the parsed transformation coefficients, and performs intra prediction or inter prediction on the reconstructed encoded data and reconstructing the encoded video,
wherein the coding units are split hierarchically according to a depth of the coding unit, and
wherein the at least one transformation unit comprises a transformation unit having a larger size than a size of the at least one prediction unit.


Lateral differences concerning the magnitude of strength are frequently found in the lower limbs (LL) and may be related to preference (dominant and non-dominant) and skill performance. For jump tests the lateral differences greater than 15% are considered clinically significant (Noyes et al., 1991). Since Countermovement Jumps (CMJ) on a force platform are an adequate method for the identification of lateral asymmetries (Menzel et al., 2006), the objective was to verify if lateral asymmetries of CMJ performance can also be identified by the flight time of single leg CMJ on a contact mat.


Advanced adaptive optics (AO) instruments on ground-based telescopes require accurate knowledge of the atmospheric turbulence strength as a function of altitude. This information assists point spread function reconstruction, AO temporal control techniques and is required by wide-field AO systems to optimize the reconstruction of an observed wavefront. The variability of the atmosphere makes it important to have a measure of the optical turbulence profile in real time. This measurement can be performed by fitting an analytically generated covariance matrix to the cross-covariance of Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) centroids. In this study we explore the benefits of reducing cross-covariance data points to a covariance map region of interest (ROI). A technique for using the covariance map ROI to measure and compensate for SHWFS misalignments is also introduced. We compare the accuracy of covariance matrix and map ROI optical turbulence profiling using both simulated and on-sky data from CANARY, an AO demonstrator on the 4.2 m William Herschel telescope, La Palma. On-sky CANARY results are compared to contemporaneous profiles from Stereo-SCIDAR – a dedicated high-resolution optical turbulence profiler. It is shown that the covariance map ROI optimizes the accuracy of AO telemetry optical turbulence profiling. In addition, we show that the covariance map ROI reduces the fitting time for an extremely large telescope-scale system by a factor of 72. The software package we developed to collect all of the presented results is now open source.


This paper draws on two case studies concerning Kubo and Febi people of Western Province, Papua New Guinea, to reveal, first, ways in which people present themselves to the state as groups that qualify as legitimate beneficiaries of financial benefits expected to flow from extraction of natural gas on or near their land and, second, simultaneously present themselves to their immediate neighbours in ways intended to either lay claim to particular areas of land or offset possible challenges to their asserted rights to land. To achieve these ends, people strategically employ names to variously connote or denote particular assemblages of people


This paper examines a multiperiod principal-agent model in which a divisional manager has superior information regarding the profitability of an investment project available to his division. The manager also contributes to the periodic operating cash flows of his division through personally costly effort. We demonstrate that it is optimal for the principal to delegate the investment decision and to base the manager's compensation on the residual income performance measure. Our analysis points to a class of depreciation rules and to a particular capital charge rate which together ensure that a profitable (unprofitable) project makes a positive (negative) contribution to residual income in every period. As a consequence, the compensation parameters for each period can be chosen freely so as to address the moral hazard problems without impacting the manager's investment incentives.


Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is one of the most common subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma in adults and can occur in almost any part of the body, which presents a high propensity to metastasize to various locations. Primary leiomyosarcomas of the paraspinal soft tissues are exceedingly rare. We report a case of a primary leiomyosarcoma of the dorsal paraspinal musculature invading the spinal canal in a 36-year-old man, successfully treated with surgery.


The grafting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) onto carbon black was achieved by the radical polymerization of the corresponding monomers in the presence of carbon black using 2,2'-azobisisobutylonitrile as an initiator. It was found that the electric resistance of the composite prepared from these amphiphilic polymer-grafted carbon blacks was extremely increased in various solvent vapors and contamination in n-hexane, and returned to initial resistance when it was transferred into air and pure n-hexane.


The compatibility method is used for a generalized variable-coefficient Gardner equation (GVGE) with a forcing term. By the compatibility of the considered equation and a non-classical symmetry of a given form, four types of symmetry are obtained. Then, by solving the characteristic equations of symmetry, the GVGE is reduced to variable coefficients ordinary differential equations, and rich varieties of new similarity solutions are presented. Our results show that the compatibility method can be employed for variable coefficients nonlinear evolution equations with forcing terms.


Two viewing models for an experimental three-dimensional display are presented. Two alternative projections were tried. These are parallel oblique and perspective oblique, and they place different requirements on the 3-D display hardware. The parallel oblique projections may produce a jagged effect when P is small but will correctly maintain the horizontal parallax effect for a range of distances between screen and viewer. With the aid of parallel processing the time required to change the 3-D image will be comparable with the time taken to alter the image on a conventional display.<<ETX>>


In recent years, the significant advancement in imaging techniques has led to the early and detailed diagnoses of fetal abnormalities in utero. Some of these conditions may result in significant irreversible damage to an organ or sometimes even death if not corrected before birth. Therefore, surgical intervention is required to correct these abnormalities when the fetus is still in utero during mid-gestation or immediately after delivery when the fetus is still on placental circulation (EXIT: Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment procedure). Fetal surgeries, better termed maternal-fetal surgery, need a varying degree of analgesia, sedation, or anesthesia to both the mother and fetus for optimal operating conditions and favorable outcomes. Unlike conventional cesarean sections, they often need general anesthetic together with profound uterine relaxation, which is often continued after the procedure. Also, the fetus needs to be maintained on placental support for varying lengths of time.These surgeries should pose minimal risk to the parturient, which is often termed as "Innocent Bystander," as she is exposed to the risk of surgery and anesthesia from which she receives no direct benefit. There should be sufficient data that the fetus will benefit from the surgery, and any other lethal fetal abnormality should be ruled out to qualify for the fetal surgeries. These procedures pose a special challenge to the anesthesiologist, having to consider the unique maternal physiology as well as the fetal physiology. Hence a complete understanding of maternal and fetal physiology, anesthetic principles, and anesthesia techniques are essential. This review article presents a brief overview of the various fetal surgeries and the anesthetic considerations specific to them.


A g-ray laser is not feasible, even at an infinite rate of excitation, if realistic pump thresholds are considered and allowance is made for various losses (spontaneous decay, overheating, etc.). However, such ''in situ'' difficulties connected with the processes occurring in the laser itself can be overcome by measures tending to suppress such losses. The measures suggested in the present paper include anomalous dilution of the active nuclei; line narrowing without external action; two-stage pumping with implantation of the excited nuclei in the first target; rf or optical pulse separation of activation, inversion, and lasing processes; fast active and passive resonant switches or systems of these switches in combination with a controlled traveling pump zone; annular amplification schemes. These measures make it possible to avoid the ''in situ'' difficulties, facilitate various types of controlled pumping and stimulted emission of g rays, and extend the range of isotopes which can be employed as active media in g-ray lasers. Such measures can be used also (partly) in g-ray spectroscopy and they can be stimulated at longer (for example, optical) wavelengths. In justifying these measures, expressions are obtained also for the combined threshold conditions allowing for various losses and a two-stage generalized modelmore » is proposed to provide a unified approach for comparing various one- and two-stage pumping schemes. Feasibility of emission of g-ray r pulses is predicted. Comparative numerical estimates of the parameters of the proposed g-laser schemes are given for six isotopes, which are regarded as examples.« less


This study aims primarily to determine the impact of being an adopted mother to the mother-child relationship. Furthermore, this study consider the age of adopted mothers' adoption and their relationship with their adoptive parents. Moreover, this study also explores the status of relationship that adopted mothers have with their biological children. There were seven participants who were purposefully selected using snowball sampling. Descriptive interview method was employed in the present study to obtain data, and to understand the different aspects of being an adopted mother and its impact to mother-child relationship. Through in-depth interview, the researchers probe into the key moment incidents and other aspects of being an adopted mother and their mother-child relationship. Furthermore, thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. The findings from this study suggest that: a) the age of the adopted mothers' adoption has influences their relationship with their adopted mothers; b) adopted mothers had developed a secure kind of attachment with their biological children during the child's infancy; c) being an adopted mother had a positive impact on the mother-child relationship.


James Alastair Meakin, Mark William Little, Thomas William Okell, Suzie Anthony, Raman Uberoi, and Peter Jezzard FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom


Administration is a interdisciplinary subject,whose objective of talent training is to improve students' scientific research ability.The administration specialty of Huaihai Institute of Technology has been opened for a short span with inadequate conditions for scientific activities and training.It is suggested to involve the students in the teachers' research program and enhance their literature searching awareness,to adjust the curricular setting and reform the teaching methods and means,now that the system of scientific research has been established and improved.


The present investigation consisted of 45 hybrids along with 18 parents and 4 checks viz., Pratap QPM Hybrid-1, HQPM-7, HQPM-1 and PMH-4, a total of 67 entries were evaluated during Kharif 2013 in randomized block design with three replications. The data was recorded on fourteen traits to study the magnitude of mid parent heterosis (MP), heterobeltiosis (BP), economic heterosis (SC), general and specific combining ability effects. The analysis of variance revealed that the mean squares due to genotypes, parents, crosses and parents v/s crosses were significant for all the traits, except for days to 50 per cent tasseling, days to 50 per cent silking and days to 75 per cent brown husk. The per se performance indicated that the inbred line L8 exhibited maximum mean values for grain yield per plant, ear length and oil content. Another inbred line L9 exhibited minimum mean values of days to 50 per cent tasseling, days to 50 per cent silking, days to 75 per cent brown husk and plant height. The inbred line L13 depicted highest mean value for harvest index and tryptophan content, inbred line L10 for starch content whereas, inbred line L5 for lysine content. Among the hybrids, L6 x T2 showed maximum mean values for harvest index and protein content. Hybrid L7 x T2 exhibited minimum mean values for days to 50 per cent tasseling and days to 50 per cent silking. The hybrids L3 x T3 and L5 x T3 exhibited maximum mean values for oil content. The hybrid L10 x T3 exhibited maximum mean value for tryptophan content whereas, hybrid L7 x T3 exhibited maximum mean values for lysine content. * Research Scholar, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur ** Professor and Project Incharge, AICRP on maize, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur Three hybrids L7 x T2, L10 x T3 and L7 x T3 depicted positive significant economic heterosis for grain yield per plant over the best check HQPM-1. The hybrid L6 x T2 exhibited maximum positive significant economic heterosis for protein content over the best check HQPM-7. Three hybrids namely L10 x T3, L13 x T1 and L5 x T1 exhibited positive significant economic heterosis for tryptophan content over the best check Pratap QPM Hybrid-1 while only one hybrid L7 x T3 showed positive significant economic heterosis for lysine content over the best check HQPM-7. Heterobeltiosis for grain yield per plant was exhibited by twenty three hybrids with maximum heterobeltiosis depicted by the hybrid L10 x T3. Majority of the hybrids exhibited significant negative relative heterosis for maturity traits and plant type traits indicated that for these traits the genes with negative effects were dominant. On the other hand for yield and yield contributing traits as well as quality traits, most of the hybrids exhibited positive significant relative heterosis, thereby indicating that for these traits the genes with positive effects were dominant. The analysis of variance for combining ability indicated that mean square due to crosses, lines and testers were significant for all the traits except for days to 50 per cent tasseling, days to 50 per cent silking and days to 75 per cent brown husk. The ratio of  sca /  gca was greater than one for all the traits except days to 50 per cent tasseling and days to 75 per cent brown husk, thereby indicating the preponderance of non-additive gene effects in the expression of these traits. Inbred line L6 has been found good general combiner for majority of traits viz., plant height, ear height, 100grain weight, grain yield per plant, harvest index, protein content, oil content, tryptophan content and lysine content. Hybrid L7 x T2 showed highest positive significant sca effects along good per se performance and positive significant economic heterosis for grain yield per plant. The hybrid L10 x T3 showed highest significant sca effects, good economic heterosis and per se performance for tryptophan content along with good per se performance for grain yield per plant. Thus a close association between sca effects, economic heterosis and per se performance for grain yield per plant, oil content, starch content, protein content, tryptophan content and lysine content was observed among the best hybrids identified on the basis of sca effect. nsj ls idus okyh xq.koŸkk izksVhu ;qDr eDdk 1⁄4ft;k est ,y-1⁄2 esa fy, ladj vkst ,oa la;kstu {kerk dqynhi pkS/kjh M+kW vkjchnqcs 1⁄4vuqla/kkudrkZ1⁄2 1⁄4eq[; lykgdkj1⁄2


Introduction: Due to the importance of the cosmetic role, the meticulous treatment of surgical wound on the head-neck region always attracts a lot of attention. The discussions about how to improve the appearance, to avoid the complication after surgery have never stopped. In China, the removal of medium-size pigmented nevus for better appearance, which needs operation, is prevalent in dermatologic surgery. Its high cosmetic demand raises a great challenge to clinician. In theory, adhesive strip tends to reduce the superficial tension and leaves no needle-hole scar on the skin, which may bring better cosmetic results. However, it is overlooked by dermatologists as a less elegant method of wound closure with perceived higher risk of dehiscence.


Abstract Recent advances in the technology make it possible to develop a security system low cost, convenient and fast processing. It is important for all to be able to safeguard their property from destruction and thefts. Raspberry Pi is small computer, it can support on board camera module that makes it obvious choice for the cost effective security application. It has software motion which triggers Pi's camera to detect motion and save the image. The motion detection system is implemented for real time applications; frame difference method is used for detecting motion. When it detects the motion will trigger the camera to begin capturing images and indicating alarm. The algorithm is simulated using Python Script.


Leisure researchers have contended that leisure patterns and constraints are significantly influenced by gender. Despite this assertion, little has been done to compare gender differences across leisure patterns and constraints within a single study population beyond the treatment of sex as a variable. The focus of this study was to assess the gendered leisure patterns and constraints of university students in Ghana, Africa. Data were collected from randomly sampled students at the University of Cape Coast and analyzed with a chi square test and a multivariate analysis of variance. Female students recorded low participation in three main domains of leisure, namely socializing, creative, and physical activities, as compared to their male counterparts. Intrapersonal and interpersonal leisure constraints were found to be associated with female students' leisure pursuits. It was therefore concluded that female students are more constrained in their leisure pursuits than their male counterparts.


Abstract. The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an Australian marsupial that continues to experience significant population declines. Infectious diseases caused by pathogens such as Chlamydia are proposed to have a major role. Very few species-specific immunological reagents are available, severely hindering our ability to respond to the threat of infectious diseases in the koala. In this study, we utilise data from the sequencing of the koala transcriptome to identify key immunological markers of the koala adaptive immune response and cytokines known to be important in the host response to chlamydial infection in other species. This report describes the identification and preliminary sequence analysis of (1) T lymphocyte glycoprotein markers (CD4, CD8); (2) IL-4, a marker for the Th2 response; (3) cytokines such as IL-6, IL-12 and IL-1β, that have been shown to have a role in chlamydial clearance and pathology in other hosts; and (4) the sequences for the koala immunoglobulins, IgA, IgG, IgE and IgM. These sequences will enable the development of a range of immunological reagents for understanding the koala's innate and adaptive immune responses, while also providing a resource that will enable continued investigations into the origin and evolution of the marsupial immune system.


A white nano-light-source is an appealing light source that enables us to measure the broadband optical response from a sample at a nano-scale. Generally, nano-light-sources are induced through plasmon resonance by irradiating the apex of a nano-size metal probe, which generates near-field light. Although it has been applied for near-field optical microscopy, it can only be generated for certain wavelength, because it is a resonance phenomenon. Therefore, it is very difficult to generate a broadband near-field-light. Furthermore, in the case of general NSOM, one needs to use lock-in detection due to huge scattering noise caused by incident laser, which also prevents broadband spectroscopic detection.


Summary Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) infected with Leishmania donovani develop a disease similar to human kala‐azar. There is conspicuous hypergammaglobulinaemia and their T cells do not respond to stimulation by parasite antigens. The impairment of the cellular immune response seems to be restricted to parasite antigens since infected animals are able to develop a T cell response to the mitogen Concanavalin A (Con‐A) and, after sensitization, to the antigens keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and human serum albumin (DNP‐HSA). In the present investigations we studied the role played by infected macrophages in the development of the cellular unresponsiveness present in visceral leishmaniasis. Adherent spleen cells from infected hamsters were unable to present L. donovani antigens to antigen specific T cells, however they were able to present KLH. Conversely. T cells from infected animals did not respond to parasite antigens even when these antigens were presented by normal syngeneic macrophages. Interestingly, lymphocytes from inguinal lymph nodes of infected animals sensitized in their foot pad with parasite antigens proliferated well when stimulated in vitro with L. donovani antigens. These results suggest that the defect in the cellular immune response of the L. donovani infected hamsters is a consequence of a selective inability of their antigen presenting cells to process and present parasite antigens to T cells.


One of the many remarkable medical advances of this century is the degree to which materials totally foreign to the body have come to be used to replace various organs or tissues or improve their functions. These materials have been shaped into a variety of devices, which include catheters for various purposes; contact lenses; replacements for joints; metallic pins to reunite and strengthen fractured bones; various implants, such as breast, cochlear, dental, and penile; and a wide variety of devices that come in contact with blood. This article will deal with some of the blood-contacting devices and with the continuing quest for more thromboresistant and biocompatible materials. Devices that come in contact with blood include catheters; cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodialysis equipment; access shunts for hemodialysis; intra-aortic balloons; sutures; heart valves made entirely of artificial materials or partly of animal tissues (biprosthetic valves); vascular grafts, patches, and conduits; ventricular assist devices; and total artificial hearts.


tion but the master maintenance must be done properly for it to work well. With this in mind, we developed an improved system using a commercially available program, PC-ORDERING 2000 (NEC Corp.), to make it easier to use the master maintenance screen of the order entry system. In order to investigate the resulting improvements we did the following: 1) measured the improvement in input efficiency, 2) evaluated the improvement in reference functions, 3) evaluated the improvement in file output functions and 4) made a comparison with the existing system. As a result, we found that the required maintenance time with the improved system was reduced to 66% and considered this to be very important to risk management since the prescription checking function in the order entry system had been enhanced.


ABSTRACT The creation and use of patents has been instrumental in the success of many firms, but the appropriate disposition of undeveloped patents may also affect firm performance, in addition to opening up opportunities for small business creation and influencing broader gains in national competitiveness. In this paper, we examine the propensity for firms to engage in the donation of patented technologies. We develop a series of propositions that explain and predict why firms choose to develop particular patents and why they choose certain types of disposition for those patents they do not develop. The impact of such donations on new business creation is discussed. INTRODUCTION The innovation process within organizations generally involves a progression from idea to development, through testing and refinement, and ultimately to technology transfer and commercialization (Afuah, 1998). Once a new product or technology is developed it is generally patented, and then the firm decides whether or not to pursue further development. When patents are developed they have the potential to provide the firm with an operating or product advantage that is difficult for other firms to duplicate. In many cases, patents enable the firm to gain and maintain a competitive advantage over its competitors for an extended period of time. It is not always advantageous for a firm to develop an existing patent, however. Patented ideas may not be pursued for commercial development for many reasons including insufficient market size and lack of strategic fit or immediate resources to continue (Simpson & Langloi, 1998). These patents can be licensed to other firms (Mandell, 1998), but many are shelved indefinitely or, in time, abandoned altogether. Since the competitive environment discourages organizations from sharing such innovations publicly, little is known about the potential value of these dormant patents to consumers or the economic environment. An alternative to allowing patents to lie dormant is to donate them to academic or not-for-profit institutions. In pursuit of their missions, academic and not-for-profit research institutions have begun to seek and accept patents as donations, generally with the intent that the recipient institutions will utilize their resources to further develop, refine, and eventually commercialize the ideas (Regalado, 1999). Patent donations give firms an additional option for disposing of a patent in a way that can be beneficial for the firm and for society. The donor organizations receive tax benefits for their donations, but cannot benefit from any future success reaped from commercialization or further development. Society benefits by being able to access a valuable patent that might otherwise go undeveloped. A recent report in Technology Review noted such donations ranging in value from $4 million to $35 million involving such corporations as Dow Chemical, Ford Motors, Eaton, and DuPont (Gifts That Keep Giving: Patents, 2000). For the donors, patent donation thus provides immediate and tangible tax benefits, while recipient institutions gain research opportunities along with any profits from commercialization. On a broader scale, the patent donation process stimulates increased cooperation between the private and public sectors, and unleashes dormant intellectual property to develop research interest, meet market needs and strengthen competitiveness at national and international levels. Research has found that firm growth in some countries can be constrained by lack of national support for research and technology-based development (Jones-Evans, Steward, Balazs, & Todorov, 1998). In addition, the National Science Foundation has enacted a number of programs aimed at increasing technological research, development, and transfer. Small businesses can play a vital role in the "donation to commercialization" process. Small businesses are often created during commercialization of a donated patent. …


In reviewing literature on culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) parental inclusion and disproportionality, Cam Cobb, assistant professor at the University of Windsor, Ontario, illustrates how CLD giftedness – and especially CLD giftedness in Canadian settings – represents an area in need of further research. In part, this article begins to address that need. Drawing from a larger critical qualitative inquiry, he details the stories of two CLD Canadian mothers as they sought to become involved in gifted identification and decision-making processes. Knowledge and language arose in the data as two core themes of robust parental inclusion. These core themes, along with associated recommendations for policy, practice and research, are outlined in a discussion of the findings. While this article focuses on the gifted domain of special education in Ontario, the findings have wider implications for robust CLD parental inclusion in special education in general.


The attached article(s), whose writer(s) and title(s) are clearly indicated below, has/have been sent for your consideration to be published in Turkish Journal of Business Ethics. The article(s) has/have yet to be published anywhere else, nor has/have the article(s) been sent to another journal for consideration. In the case that any or all of the article be accepted for publication, we affirm that all publishing rights shall belong for ten years to Turkish Journal of Business Ethics for each accepted article.


The arid and semiarid regions of Uzbekistan are sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. However, the sparse and very unevenly distributed meteorological stations within the region provide limited data for studying the region's climate variation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA)-Interim and ERA5 products for the fields of near-surface temperature, humidity, and precipitation over Uzbekistan from 1981 to 2018 using observations from 74 meteorological stations. Major results suggested that the reanalysis datasets match well with most of the observed climate records, especially in the plain areas. While ERA5, with a high spatial resolution of 0.1°, is able more accurately reproduce mountain ranges and valleys. Compared to ERA-Interim, the climatological biases in temperature, humidity, and total precipitation from ERA5 are clearly reduced, and the representation of inter-annual variability is improved over most regions of Uzbekistan. Both reanalyses show a high level of agreement with observations on the standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI) with a correlation coefficient of 0.7–0.8.Although both of these ECMWF products can be successfully implemented for the calculation of atmospheric drought indicators for Uzbekistan and adjacent regions of Central Asia, the newer and advanced ERA5 is preferred.


Human food needs to supply essential nutrients in balance. Meat is a perfect protein source and supplies iron and zinc and many micronutrients like vitamins. The consumption of meat would increase in the next years because the global production in 2012 was 302 millions of tons, and actually is 319 millions of tons, approximately. Concomitantly with the increasing of global consumption of meat, two problems arise. Meat and meat products also hold the risk of inducing oxidative stress through iron catalyzed formation of reactive species or by ingestion of organic hydro peroxides during digestion. These species can cause the deterioration of the product, affecting its shelf-life, compromising its quality and influencing economic aspects. In the context of the public health, these species can generate cellular imbalance, genetic mutations, and chromosome damages, resulting in degenerative diseases of the human organism. A balanced diet should be inspired by Nature. Through evolution, oxidative stress made plants to produce bioactive compounds like xanthines and phenolic compounds to protect against oxidative stress. Yerba-mate, Ilex paraguariensis, contains relative high amounts of these compounds that act as antioxidants, which may be use as a feeding additive in order to modify the redox status of the animal organism. This may induce change in the animal metabolism, affecting the muscle tissue composition and thus the meat quality. The present investigation aims to screen changes in the polar metabolites composition and its impact on the redox stability of meat from broilers fed with different levels of yerba-mate extract as feed additive. The addition of mate extract to broilers feed clearly provided a quantitative change in the polar metabolites of meat as shown by H NMR analysis and impacted positively in the redox stability of meat as probed by spin-trapping EPR analysis. In conclusion, addition of 750 mg of yerba-mate extract/ Kg of feed to the broilers shown up like the best treatment because it produced biochemical changes in the animal metabolism improving the oxidative stability meat which may positively increase the product shelflife and a safer and higher quality product to the consumer.


An implantable endoluminal prosthesis for replacing a damaged aortic valve is provided. In one embodiment, the prosthesis includes a balloon-expandable stent (204), a tubular conduit (206) that extends into the ascending aorta, and a self-expanding stent (208). The tubular conduit extends across the balloon-expandable stent (204). The tubular conduit includes an artificial valve (210). The self-expanding stent (208) extends across the tubular conduit into the ascending aorta. The balloon-expandable stent (204), the tubular conduit (206), and the self-expanding stent (208) are coupled to provide unidirectional flow of fluid into the aorta and further into the coronary arteries. Also described is a method of implanting the endoluminal prosthesis.


Herman Melville's Clarel (1876) has been ignored by criticism largely on the ground that it fails structurally. But the poem has an architectonic pattern that provides insight into Melville's lifelong philosophical problems. The work is developed tropologically, drawing its basic pattern from the gospels of Luke and Matthew. The poem is, however, an anti-gospel in which the questor-hero, Clarel, acts out his own "passion" in and around Jerusalem. Employing the motif of the three Magi with Christological and Zoroastrian star imagery, Melville carries his hero into a search for an existentially authentic faith. But Melville fails to find this faith, discovering instead through Clarel the ontological ground of existence itself. This discovery is brought about by a genuine awareness of the condition of death, a condition which destroys belief in absolutes. Death is the central theme of the poem and shapes the narrative and the characters' actions. The Epilogue presents, therefore, a forced and unconvincing affirmation of immortality, an affirmation belied by the poem s overwhelming thrust of existential despair.


This study discusses architectural skins in buildings with parametric design to verify whether they have specific and clear limitations with the other surfaces. This is an important characteristic of the essence of the architectural skins in buildings designed in ordinary ways, or whether there is ambiguity in that, and it is not easy to distinguish between the components of the architectural form of those buildings. The purpose of this study is to explore whether the new technology, represented by parametric design, makes the architectural skins of buildings lose their leadership of other components in the composition and presentation of the architectural form of the buildings, to allow the emergence of new essences for architectural skins of buildings with parametric design. This process will be based on a comparative study between buildings designed in ordinary ways and buildings designed with parametric design, to examine whether technology has changed architectural skins and made them lose part of their essence and role, by comparing them with the basic components of architectural skins essence.


The Internet can provide home care agencies access to information, patients, physicians, payors, hospitals, pharmacists, durable medical equipment (DME) companies--virtually anyone participating in the delivery of care. Agencies that wish to take advantage of these capabilities need to take a hard look at what services the Internet can help them deliver.


SINCE its initial description in Australia in 1963, 1 Reye's syndrome has been reported from South Africa, 2 Czechoslovakia, 3 and the United States. 4-6 To date there have been 84 cases reported, with 70 deaths 6 and a mortality of 83%. Excepting Reye's original report of 21 patients and Anderson's report the same year, cases have been reported singly or in small clusters, the latter reports suggesting a common etiologic agent. Yet in spite of appropriate viral studies and inquiries into possible access to drugs and poisons, no virus or toxic agent has been consistently identified with this disease. In 1965, we reported the death of an 8-year-old boy with Reye's syndrome. 4 Of epidemiologic interest was the fact that a sibling concurrently developed a similar illness with elevated transaminase values consistent with a mild form of the syndrome. The sibling's sensorium remained clear and he made a spontaneous


The reaearch and development of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys containing Li are reviewed and summarized. Since δ' phase, S phase and T' phase are mainly precipatations in the matrix, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys containing no less than 1.8 mass% Li have low strength and toughness. There precipate η' phase or T' phase in the matrix of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys containing no more than 1.0 mass% Li, the alloys can be well hardened by duole-ageing or multi-ageing. What to do next is provided and suggestions is also given.


The paper discusses the availability analysis of human body which is considered as a complex system and its main parts such as brain (B), heart (H) and kidneys (K) as subsystems. We consider here the three states: good, reduced and failed. Failure and repair rates for each subsystem are taken as variable. Mathematical formulation of the system is carried out by using the Markov method. We consider the transient state (time dependent) of the system. The equations are solved numerically by using the well known method of RungaKutta. Tables and graphs for the transient state availability are given, depicting the effect of failure and repair rates of the subsystems on the body.


A new class of highly-miniaturized coaxial cavity-resonator-based filtennas is proposed alongside a monolithic integration approach using digital additive manufacturing. The proposed filtenna concept is based on the EM co-design of a coaxial cavity resonator and an annular slot antenna that exhibit the function of a radiating resonating node within a coupled-resonator-based bandpass filter (BPF). A stereolithography apparatus (SLA) monolithic integration concept is proposed for size compactness and reduced weight. For proof of concept validation purposes, a second-order filtenna was analyzed, manufactured, and tested. It exhibited second-order frequency-selective gain response with the following characteristics: center frequency: 4.75 GHz, fractional bandwidth: 7.4 %, realized gain: 4.4 dBi and radiation efficiency: 80%.


ALBAJES, R.; GABARRA, R.; CASTAÑÉ, C ; BORDAS, E.; ALOMAR, O. y CARNERO, A., 1988: Pest problems in field tomato crops in Spain. In: Progress on Pest Management in Field Vegetables. R. Cavalloro y C. Pelerents Eds.; Balkema, Rotterdam: 197-207. ASKEW, R. R., 1971: Parasitic insects. Heinemann Educational Books Ltd., London, 316 pp. CIAMPOLINI, M., 1952: La Pseudonapomyza dianthicola Venturi (Dipt., Agromyzidae). Redia, 37: 69-120. DEL BENE, G., 1984. Osservazioni sul ciclo biológico di Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Díptera, Agromyzidae) su gerbera e sui nemici naturali in Toscana. Redia, 67: 435-448. FRANCO, E.; BEITIA, F. y ONILLON, J. C : Prédation et parasitisme: deux composantes de l'efficacité de Diglyphus isaea (Hym., Eulophidae), parasite de Liriomyza trifolii (Dipt., Agromyzidae). II. Action de la composition qualitative de la population larvaire de l'hote. En: Practical application of integrated control in protected crops. R. Cavalloro y J. C. Onillon eds., Balkema, Rotterdam (en prensa). GABARRA, R.; ALOMAR, O., CASTAÑÉ, C; BORDAS, E. y ALBAJES, R.: Current situation of IPM in protected crops in Catalonia (Spain). En: Practical Application of Integrated Control in Protected Crops. R. Cavalloro y J. C. Onillon Eds., Balkema, Rotterdam (en prensa). HOFSVANG, T., 1990.: Discrimination between unparasitized and parasitized hosts in hymenopterous parasitoids. Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov., 87: 161-175. HUBBARD, S. F.; MARRIS, G.; REUNOLDS, A. y ROWE, G. W., 1987: Adaptive patterns in the avoidance of superpasente en D. isaea debe atender, como indican diversos autores (VAN ALPHEN et al, 1987; HUBBARD et al, 1987; VAN ALPHEN et al, 1990), a una estrategia adaptativa de la especie, que conviene estudiar más detalladamente en futuras experiencias. rasitism by solitary parasitic wasps. J. Animal EcoL, 56:387-401. IBRAHIM, A. G. y MADGE, D. S., 1978: Parasitization of the chrysanthemum leaf-miner Phytomyza syngenesiae (Hardy) (Dipt., Agromyzidae), by Diglyphus isaea (Walker) (Hym., Eulophidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 114: 71-81. MINKENBERG, O. P. J. M., 1989: Temperature effects on the life history of the eulophid wasp Diglyphus isaea, an ectoparasitoid of leafminers (Liriomyza spp.), on tomatoes. Ann. appl. Biol., 115: 381-397. MINKENBERG, O. P. J. M. y VAN LENTEREN, J. C, 1986: The leafminers Liriomyza bryoniae and L. trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae), their parasites and host plants: a review. Agrie. Univ. Wageningen Papers, 86 (2): 50 pp. PEÑA, M. A., 1988: Primeras experiencias de lucha biológica contra Liriomyza trifolii (Burg.) (Dipt., Agromyzidae) con Diglyphus isaea (Walk.) (Hym., Eulophidae) en las Islas Canarias. Bol. San. Veg. Plagas, 14: 439-445. SÁNCHEZ, J. M., 1991: Control biológico en los cultivos hortícolas protegidos. Phytoma-España, 29: 17-22. VAN ALPHEN, J. J. M. y VISSER, M. E., 1990: Superparasitism as an adaptive strategy for insect parasitoids. Ann. Rev. Entomol., 35: 59-79. VAN ALPHEN, J. J. M.; VAN DIJKEN, M. J. y WAAGE, J. K., 1987: A functional approach to superparasitism: host discrimination needs to be learnt. Neth. J. Zool, 37: 167-179. BEITIA F.; TORMOS J. y GARRIDO A., 1994: Some aspects of the superparasitism in Diglyphus isaea. Bol. San. Veg. Plagas, 20(3): 793-796. The presence of superparasitism in the reproduction of Diglyphus isaea, an ectoparasitoid used as biological control agent against leafminer agromyzids, has been studied. Self-superparasitism occurs on every larval instar of the american serpentine leafminer Liriomyza trifolii, but the presence of conspecific superparasitism (various eggs from different females on the same agromyzid larva) was not proved. It seems that superparasitism do not depends on parasitoid population nor the «egg-laying pressure». The results obtained suggest that superparasitism in D. isaea is possibly a way to spare energy by the female when a good larval instar is parasitized (2 or 3) and to assure progeny on a poor one (1). And finally, superparasitism can be an adaptive strategy for the development of parasitoid populations.


During the last months of the war, hopes were bright in this country that, this time, not only victory, but also peace would be won. The Fascist nations were being knocked out. The Soviet Union was not a democracy, but, apparently, was willing to enter into fair competition with the United States for the souls of the many nations in a state of indecision; and in this competition America thought democracy was likely to gain the upper hand. A world consisting predominantly of free, independent and peace-loving nations seemed ready to emerge.


In this paper, we address the fabrication and characterization of bimorph structures with relatively thick double-layered Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films. The PZT/PZT layers are deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. Hysteresis loops of polarization and electrical field for the top and bottom PZT thin films revealed good ferroelectric characteristics with remanent polarization at approximately 20 µC/cm2 and a coersive electric field of about 100 kV/cm. The vibration tests of fabricated bimorph cantilevers during electrical voltage application revealed a twofold displacement compared with single layer driving, and the piezoelectric coefficient value d31 is estimated to be 13 pm/V. The residual stress difference between the top and bottom layers after the annealing process is calculated to be -0.32 MPa. For a further thickening of the bimorph structure, 6-µm-thick PZT/PZT is also sputtered. The thicker bimorph has a smaller residual stress difference, -30 MPa, between the two layers prepared without the annealing process. The evaluated results demonstrate that the PZT/PZT bimorph structures are applicable to micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices.


The statistical mechanics of a system of semiflexible chains, which can represent polymer liquid crystals, long-chain biomolecules, stiff wormlike micelles, or columns of discotic liquid crystals, are examined. A continuum theory is used to calculate static correlation functions in the hexagonal and nematic phases. Two correlation functions are considered: (1) the structure factor which describes fluctuations in the density; and (2) the director fluctuation spectrum, which describes fluctuations in the local optical axis. In addition, a model is developed for the phase transitions of a system of infinitely long, semiflexible chains which interact through a steric, excluded-volume repulsion. The model yields generic phase diagrams in terms of pressure or density vs. persistence length or temperature.


This paper describes a software architecture for the Infopad mobile computing system. The software architecture, called Infonet, supports the use of multimedia services in the Infopad mobile system. First, an overview of the Infopad project is presented and the project's basic characteristics are outlined. Next, the Infonet architecture is defined and its use is illustrated by three scenarios: pad activation, application initialization, and handoff. Measurements from an existing prototype demonstrate the system's feasibility. Finally, the future direction of work on the Infonet system is discussed.


LX‐04 is a widely used HMX‐based plastic bonded explosive, which contains 85 weight % HMX and 15 weight % Viton binder. The sensitivity of LX‐04 to a single stimulus such as heat, impact, and shock has been previously studied. However, hazard scenarios can involve multiple stimuli, such as heating to temperatures close to thermal explosion conditions followed by fragment impact, producing a shock in the hot explosive. The sensitivity of HMX at elevated temperatures is further complicated by the beta to delta solid‐state phase transition, which occurs at approximately 165°C. This paper presents the results of shock initiation experiments conducted with LX‐04 preheated to 190°C, as well as density measurements and small scale safety test results of the δ phase HMX at room temperature. This work shows that LX‐04 at 190°C is more shock sensitive than LX‐04 at 150°C or 170°C due to the volume increase during the β to δ solid phase transition, which creates more hot spots, and the faster growth of reaction duri...


Although low-mass star-forming galaxies are the leading candidates of the reionization process, we cannot conclusively rule out high-mass star-forming galaxies as candidates. While most simulations indicate the former is the best candidate, some models suggest that at z ≥ 6 massive, UV-bright galaxies – "oligarchs" – account for at least 80% of the ionizing budget. To test this hypothesis, we target massive ( log10(M⋆[M⊙])>10 ), UV-bright (M UV ∼ −22) Lyα emitters at z > 7 in archival data, observed with similar resolution spectrographs (Very Large Telescope/X-shooter and Keck/MOSFIRE). To increase the reliability of our conclusions, we stack all spectra and obtain a deep-stacked spectrum of 24.75 hr. The stacked Lyα profile displays a clear asymmetric red peak and an absence of a blue peak. We additionally estimate the intrinsic stacked Lyα profile of our targets by correcting for intergalactic medium (IGM) transmission using a range of neutral hydrogen fractions, finding no significant change in the profile. We measure a velocity offset V red > 300 km s−1 and an asymmetry in our red peak A ∼ 3. Using various models and estimators, such as the peak separation, the asymmetry of the red peak, the ratio between Lyα and Hβ, and the β slope, we conclude that the escape fraction in these three UV-bright, massive (∼1010 M ⊙), z ≥ 7 galaxies is f esc(LyC) ≤ 10%.


This article describes the development, validation process, and construction of an instrument to assess a teacher's level of reflection. It discusses the need for a commonly shared language to categorize the various levels involved in becoming a critically reflective teacher. The research design for the creation of the Survey of reflective practice: A tool for assessing development as a reflective practitioner initially called for identifying individuals who had conducted research on the development of reflective practice and then soliciting their expert judgment in establishing specific descriptors to define levels of reflective practice utilizing an online interactive format. The aim of this assessment tool is to provide a way to gauge how a prospective or practicing teacher is progressing as a reflective practitioner to serve as a vehicle for facilitating the development of structures to mediate higher order reflection.


Costing is a very important part for non-profit hospital.During the execution process,we have to find the problem and solve it.Firstly,hospital cost should be definited,we should learn about the situation of the hospital costing nowaday.And then execute and deliver the steps of the plan strictly.


Objective To establish a quantified analytical method for determination of faropenem in healthy human plasma and urine by HPLC - UV. Methods The HPLC - UV conditions adopted were: YMC -Pack ODS -A column (5 μm,250 mm × 4. 6 mm). The mobile phase consisted of 0. 02 mol · L-1 NaH2PO4(pH 2.4) - acetonitrile (75 : 25). The flow rate was 0. 9 mL · min -1. The UV detection wavelength was at 318 nm. Tinidazole was used as an internal standard. Results In human plasma,the standard curve was linear from 0.05 ~ 10.0 μg · mL-1 , y= 2.46x -9×10-4(γ=0. 9995, n = 5 ). The lower limit of quantification of faropenem was 0. 05 μg · mL-1. The method recovery rate was 87. 37% -94. 02% for plasma, and the RSD of within - day was less than 7.13% , the RSD of between - day was less than 17. 84%. In human urine,the standard curve was linear from 0. 25 ~200. 0 μg · mL-1, y = 2.9×10-2x + 1.45 ×10-(γ =0. 9996,n=5). The method recovery rate was 99.44% ~ 103. 61 % for urine, and the RSD of within - day was less than 8. 73% , the RSD of between - day was less than 14. 11%. Conclusion The assay was simple to operate, accurate, reliable and short analysis time, and made it suitable for the clinical pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies.


Current estimation of greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions form livestock agriculture in Korea was based on Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (1996 IPCC GL) published in 1996 and emission data were published in National Inventory Report. New guideline book, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for the estimation of GHG emission would be necessary. Therefore 2006 IPCC GL for livestock manure made an analysis of CH₄ emission. Advanced Method Analysis was based on pig manure disposal form of "Biogas based power generation project at Jeongup-Si". In other words, Liquid and slurry system was Standardized Model. Calculated CH₄ emissions, and seemed to do the following. Annual CH₄ emissions was 0.0447 GgCH₄. Because of this, CO₂ emissions caused by livestock manure discharged for a total of 0.938 one thousand tCO₂e. Advanced Method is determined by the livestock and manure system. And Potential analysis of CH₄ Emissions has a higher reliability than the Simple Method. Data management of livestock species management system and data analysis are required for the future how to apply the Advanced Method. Because of this, CH₄ emissions can be managed according to the country"s livestock manure disposal. And The study is expected to be recognized for CH₄ emission reductions and expanded range of utilization.