Nursing science with knowledge from the biophysical, psychosocial, analytical, and organizational sciences as the basis for advanced nursing practice Advanced nursing knowledge of assessment and disease management in adult and gerontological patient populations, including the use of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions to promote and maintain health Clinical judgment, systems thinking, and professional accountability in designing, delivering, and evaluating evidencebased care to support positive patient outcomes and systems of care Strategically practice and demonstrate effectiveness within the three spheres of influence that comprise a Clinical Nurse Specialist practice: clients, nurses and nursing practice, and organizational systems of care Guide, mentor, and support other nurses to achieve excellence in clinical nursing practice


Regulation 1049/2001 on access to Commission, European Parliament and Council documents was due to be revised a decade ago. The revision process started with a proposal by the Commission in 2008. However, the negative response of the European Parliament signalled what came to be deadlocked process. This chapter aims to unearth the reasons underlying this deadlock by comparing the proposal of the Commission and the resolution adopted by the European Parliament in response to it. The resulting differences in both institutions' positions are going to be used to clarify their underlying motives for rejecting each other's proposals. The ultimate objective of this chapter is thus to shed light on the Commission and the European Parliament's attitudes towards transparency and the right to public access to documents within the European Union.


Laceration of the brain which is the outcome of gunshot wounds of the head, depressed fracture of the skull, and cranio-cerebral operations results in meningo-cerebral adhesion. The adjacent brain comes to be vascularized through a scar from extracerebral blood vessels. This is a most important element in the production of posttraumatic epilepsy. Following the last war Wagstaffe (1928) made a critical stildy of the end-results in a series of soldiers who had received severe head injuries. He found that 1.6 per cent. of these patients became epileptic when the dura had not been penetrated, whereas 18.7 per cent. of those whose dura had been perforated developed post-traumatic epilepsy. It seemed obvious from his figures that penetration of the dura rendered epileptiform seizures ten times more likely to occur. Steinthal and Nagel (1926) concluded that severe injul y to the brain resulted in frank epilepsy in 28.9 per cent. and lesser forms of epilepsy in 35.5 per cent., making a total of 64.4 per cent. In the scars that result from such injuries must lie the secret of the high incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy, which may appear at any time up to ten or fifteen years after the injury (Penfield, 1924, 1927). Head injury without penetration of the dura rarely results in epilepsy, although the brain damage may be, and often is, greater. In such cases adhesions, if they form at all, are much less severe, and blood vessels rarely grow down throuLgh the scar and into the brain. The need for a method to exclude the brain from sLuperficial scars is apparent a method of restoring the subdural space that separates with a thin layer of fluid the pachymeninx from the leptomeninx. The use of amniotic membrane prepared as described below (amnioplastin) seems to solve this problem.


The current scenario of competitiveness between organizations, results in searches for
innovative strategies to outwit and outperform the competition, as well as achieve its position
in the market. The brands currently have a power and a high relevance in relation to the
differentiation basic forward to competition. The present study sought to examine whether the
habit of consumption of beer is related and suffers the influence of propaganda by the media.
It is a qualitative and descriptive character research, bibliographic imprint and told the
application of a structured questionnaire sent to the students of the undergraduate course of a
federal institution of the state of Minas Gerais. In this way, the analysis was performed with
the aid of Microsoft Excel 2013 to generate graphs. The research showed significant results
for the academy and the institution itself.


Dietary factors have been implicated for many years as potential pathophysiologic triggers in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). High intake of


The research Public Policies and Public Governance in Medellin, Strategies for the Consolidation of Public Law with a Territorial Perspective , carried out by the research group Ratio Juris, from the Autonoma Latinoamericana University School of Law from Medellin, developed three components with applied research perspective: Analysis and description of the governmental policy cycles in the Colombian public sector and its specific application to Medellin's public administration; description and implementation of the institutional and territorial factors that link Public Law and public policy in Medellin; and, identification of ten cases representing strategies and practices of politics and pubic agenda.


Objective To explore the changes of e-FLIP in the lung of rats with sepsis,and to investigate the effect of Ulinastatin on the level of c-FLIP.Method Thirty male Spragne-Dawley rats were randomly(random number)divided into 3 groups:sham operated group(Sham),sepsis group(CLP)and Ulinastatin treated group (UTI),n=10,respectively.In Sham group,only laparotomy was performed.In CLP and UTI groups,cecal ligation and puncture was performed to induce sepsis.Ulinastatin(50 000 U/kg)was administered intravenously via penile vein in UTI group after operation.The same volume of normal saune instead of Ulinastatin was administered intravenously in Sham and CLP groups.The lungs of rats were harvested 12 hours after operation for determination of c-FLIP mRNA expressions assayed by using RT-PCR and cFLIP protein measured by Western blot.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 11.5 software.ANOVA was used for multiple groups comparison,and t-test for paired comparison.Results Compared with Sham group,there was a significant decrease in c-FLIP protein level and c-FLIP mRNA expression in lung(P<0.05).After treatment with Ulinastatin,the level of c-FLIP protein and mRNA expression obviously increased compared with CLP group(P<0.05).Conclusions The levels of c-FLIP decreased in lung of rats with sepsis,which suggests that pulmonary apoptosis might increase.Ulinastatin can increase the c-FLIP levels in the lung.

Key words:
Sepsis; Animal model; Cecal ligation and puncture; c-FLIP; Ulinastatin; Apoptosis; RTPCR; Western-blot


Living conditions and life satisfaction before and after stroke were assessed in 80 patients with acute stroke (mean age 73 years). The results were compared with a general elderly population. Already


ABSTRACT The main aim of this study was to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from biogas by adsorption using synthesized activated carbon prepared using locally available biomass. The effect of the type of precursors, impregnation reagent and bed height was studied in continuous reactors. Three types of biomass wastes (almond shells, eucalyptus and coffee grains) were collected, grinded, sieved, pyrolyzed at 500°C and impregnated with chemical reagents such as potassium hydroxide or zinc chloride. Adsorption tests were performed using a fixed bed filter filled with the produced activated carbon. The highest biochar yield of 36% was obtained eucalyptus followed by almond shells (28.5%) and coffee grains (24%), respectively. The highest adsorption capacity and removal efficiency were obtained with eucalyptus followed by almond shells and coffee grains, respectively. For instance, eucalyptus showed an adsorption capacity of ~690 (mg hydrogen sulfide/g adsorbent) followed by almond (230 mg hydrogen sulfide/g adsorbent) and coffee grains (22 mg hydrogen sulfide/g adsorbent). As an impregnation reagent, potassium hydroxide gave the highest adsorption efficiency and capacity than zinc chloride. Furthermore, the breakthrough time with KOH (180 min) was higher than ZnCl2 (70 min). Increasing the bed height during continuous breakthrough tests increased the adsorption capacity and hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency. The results of this study showed that the adsorption efficiency of the synthesized activated carbon and consequently the hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency could be fine-tuned by selecting an appropriate biomass precursor and proper impregnation reagent. Graphical abstract


The feasibility of using a multi-electrode conductance catheter to measure continuous, real-time right ventricular volume is explored. The conductance catheter comprises of a modified Swan-Ganz catheter with ten metallic ring electrodes spaced equidistantly at the distal end. The catheter is inserted into the right ventricle and two electrodes are chosen to apply a constant current electric field to the ventricular blood pool. The other electrodes divide the ventricular volume into parallel segments and measure the resistance drop across the segments. Segmental volumes are computed from the measured segmental resistances knowing the resistivity of blood. Total ventricular volume is obtained by adding the segmental volumes. However, various sources of error affect ventricular volume measurement. Three-dimensional finite element models of a heart and a cylinder were developed to identify the various sources of error. These models showed that four main sources of error affect ventricular volume measurement; 1 ) Field non-uniformity 2) Catheter curvature 3) Current leakage through cardiac tissue and 4) Blood resistivity changes. Field non-uniformity underestimated while catheter curvature and current leakage overestimated the measured volume. Computer models revealed that conductance volume measurement is highly sensitive to blood resistivity changes. Left ventricular blood volume was found to contribute significantly to current leakage in computer models. Correction schemes were developed to correct for the various sources of error. The scheme to correct for field non-uniformity was based on finding correction factors using a set of functions established with the help of finite element models. The scheme to determine the current leakage was based on the difference in impedance-frequency properties of tissue and blood. Using multiple frequencies for establishing the electric field, the leakage of current through cardiac tissue was determined. The resistivity of blood was measured using the catheter itself by making resistance measurements under a localized field condition. The developed correction schemes were verified in computer and physical models as well as in in vivo and in vitro canine models. Verification studies showed that the developed correction schemes improved the accuracy of right ventricular volume measurement with the conductance catheter.


The aim of the study was to analyze changes in tissue oxygen distribution resulting from temperature changes by the use of the Krogh cylinder model with Michaelis-Menten kinetics. A Hill model was also used to describe the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. In particular, variable values of parameters of dissociation curve and blood velocity in capillary were considered. Mathematical description was based on two separate equations for radial and axial directions. An additional task related to determination of the temperature, tissue thermal damage and perfusion was also solved. At the stage of numerical realization, the finite difference method was used. MSC 2010: 65N06, 76Z05, 80A99, 92C45


Introduction 1: Women Speaking 2: Women and Magic 3: Monstrous Women 4: Royal and Aristocratic Women 5: The Female Ruler Conclusion


Plasma β dependence of ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven turbulence is investigated using gyrokinetic simulations, where β is the normalized pressure. In our β scan, self-consistent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium state is numerically calculated for each value of β. It is found that the influence of the Shafranov shift cancels out the electromagnetic stabilizing effect on the ITG mode, and the growth rate of the ITG mode is accordingly unchanged as β increases. As a result, the turbulent energy transport does not decrease with β as suggested by the s−α model (Ishizawa et al 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 025003). A significant difference from the s−α model is the increase of the energy transport with β. It is also found that the critical onset β value for the kinetic ballooning mode is significantly increased by the influence of the Shafranov shift. The cancellation of the electromagnetic stabilization by the Shafranov shift is explained by the decrease of magnetic drift frequency in the dispersion relation of electromagnetic ITG modes obtained by using a fluid approximation.


The assembled sequence of the whole genome is a must nowadays in any industrially important species. The aim of this research program is to provide the industry and the community with a robust mink genome sequence assembly. It shall be complemented with the identification of widely distributed polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) organized into an array designed for undertaking linkage and association studies necessary for mapping, identifying and characterizing genes underlying any specific traits of interest in American mink. Genome assembly based on the sequences of individual clones from the mink Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library would result in a draft genome of high quality and accuracy. We explore an alternative approach, called BAC-NGS (from next generation sequencing) that utilizes the BAC library as a solid backbone, complemented with shotgun sequences of the whole genome, for filling gaps for the final assembly. We tested different settings of the new approach in several pilot projects in order to assign the most efficacious approach to sequence assembly. Approximately 15% of the mink genome has so far been generated and assembled by means of this method. This sequencing project represents a long-term investment in the future mink fur industry and farming management, enhancing the development of applications in academic and industrial research.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of reteplase for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Method Thirty patients with AMI were included in this study.The patients receiving venous thrombolysis with reteplase were then evaluated for reperfusion.Result After the treatment,the reperfusion rate was 79.6 %.0.67% of the patients had a mild bleeding.Conclusion Venous thrombolysis with reteplase is a safe and effective method for the treatment of patients with AMI.


One of the simplest invariants of a symplectic manifold is the isomorphism class of the canonical line bundle. Suppose (M, ω) is a symplectic manifold. For any ω-compatible almost complex structure J one defines the canonical line bundle KM as the dual to the top exterior power of the tangent bundle TM , KM = detC(TM)∗. Since the space of ω-compatible almost complex structures on M is contractible, the isomorphism class of KM is independent of this choice. If a compact Lie group G acts by symplectomorphisms on M , we can take J to be G-invariant, and KM is a G-equivariant line bundle. The canonical bundle behaves well under symplectic quotients. If the G-action is Hamiltonian, with moment map Φ : M → g∗, the symplectic quotient of M is defined by


Introduced in 1976 by Hennell, Woodward, and Hedley, the Linear Code Sequence and Jump (LCSAJ) has since been named the jump‐to‐jump path (JJ‐path). If all JJ‐paths in a piece of code have been tested, then it is guaranteed, for example, that all of the code's branches and all of its statements will likewise have been tested. JJ‐path testing is thus said to include both branch and statement testing. Over the years, much work has been carried out on the inclusion relation, and this is also true of a closely‐linked relation that is known as subsumption. Not surprisingly, some of the work in the literature has focussed on the criteria of executing all JJ‐paths and sequences of such, and how these criteria relate to other path coverage and test data criteria. Unfortunately, certain results involving JJ‐paths in the context of inclusion, as portrayed in a widely referenced and influential paper, are in error. Consequently, the main purpose of this paper is to rectify this situation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Energy-saving measures for further improving the energy-saving work in power plants after separation of Plants and Grids are presented, the principle of "Energy price analysis" being emphasized, and the formula of calculating "coal consumption rate in integrated cost" deduced. This method eliminates limitations of traditional thermodynamic analysis method, to combine the thermodynamics organically with the economics together. Taking the unit energy value as the basis, the added value and the profit of energy price during the time of energy transformation in power plants are analysed, including coal consumption of power generation, auxiliary power consumption rate, electrical energy price, and original price of standard coal etc.. The results of energy price analysis show, the price of produced energy is much higher than the price of fuel, therefore, the effectiveness of electricity-saving is much better than coal-saving.


The paper demonstrates a topographic inspection in the specific context of three kinds of inspection methods of austenitic stainless steel welds. Visual and metrological inspection was analysed during tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding tests, showing the non-destructive techniques: X-ray, computed tomography, and surface profilometry. The article is a response to the lack of information, especially in the area of non-destructive techniques suitable for wide practical application. The Paper presents advantages and drawbacks of the analysed diagnostic methods and a classification of conventional and specific welded joint flaws. The most important defect in practical applications determining reliability of a welded joint is cracks. This kind of diagnostic is based on the obtained information about anisotropic and inhomogeneous volume under consideration in the heat-affected zone of a weld.


ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized by using ethanol as solvent,zinc acetate as precursor and poly( vinyl pyrrolidone) as polymer stabilizer through wet-chemical route. The influence of reaction time,PVP and water additions on preparation of ZnO nanoparticles were studied. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis,FL and TEM methods. The results show that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles could give better properties by adding 3 m L zinc acetate aqueous with concentration33. 4 mmol/L,0. 3 m L water,0. 5 g PVP under reaction temperature 80 ℃ and reaction time 120 min respectively in PVP-ethanol reaction system. The size of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles is about 200 nm with a good dispersion and narrow size distribution. This work demonstrated that poly( vinyl pyrrolidone)could play a better role in the modification of nano-ZnO surface as polymer stabilizer.


This paper describes a preliminary study that was performed to look at the possible use of a low power microwave transmission system to determine the location of metallic orthopaedic inserts placed inside the human body for the purpose of repairing fractures or breaks in bones and also to determine the location of locking holes contained within the insert. For this study, a typical insert is suspended inside a jelly and oil solution in order to simulate the biological system. The results confirm that there is a change in phase and magnitude in the transmission response when the insert is moved between the transmitter and receiver. A system using low power non-ionising microwave energy such as that considered here offers significant advantage over conventional instruments and techniques currently used to determine the location of metallic inserts and the locking holes contained within.


To carry out our study, standard cream's models were formulated changing Oil/Water ratio and emulsifier's concentration. The droplets organization and behavior of these complex preparations were compared with viscoelastic parameters measured at microscopic scale using High Frequency rheology. Microscopy and granulometry measurements were used to determine droplets organization in the aqueous phase of emulsions to complete this study.


Current attempts at validation of national genetic evaluation systems lack a satisfactory level of transparency. Further, those internationally agreed validation methods that are in effect rely heavily on validation of the genetic theory underlying national evaluation model. The present paper is an attempt to distinguish among different levels of validation, to briefly review some trend in validation studies, and a start point for a house-keeping check-list of validation.


Service Oriented Architecture is currently regarded as the next step for software architectures and achieve great usage in web services. However, the traditional SOA uses request/response pattern and is not suit for loose coupling, asynchronous scene while Even-Driven Architecture works well. To support the effective execution of possibly distributed and completely decoupled and heterogeneous services, synchronously or asynchronously executed in an efficient manner, there is an urgent need to integrate EDA and SOA into the next generation of SOA. We propose a semantic publish/subscribe system called JTangPS to serve as the event platform for event based SOA to satisfy the new challenges.


It has been carried statistic analysis standardized of disability and premature mortality by respiratory organs diseases on the territory of Far Eastern region as compared with Russian Federation. This analysis showed that diseases cause damage to the region economics. In the general structure of diseases substantial part belongs to acute diseases of upper respiratory pathes and also the diseases of respiratory organs are one of the cause of premature mortality. The results of analysis of diseases and mortality indicate about depending on climate, geography and professional factors.


An application oriented numerical approach is presented which allows the simulation of the sound propagation in aero-engine bypass ducts with acceptable numerical e ort. Inside the structured working high order CAA solver an overset grid algorithm is implemented o ering an e cent and quite simple handling of con gurations with complex geometries. As an example the tonal noise propagation in a generic bypass duct with various installation parts is investigated. Although the studied con gurations are simpli ed, they reproduce all key features and challenges of real engine simulations. The performed simulations and analyses demonstrate on the one hand the capability of the CAA solver and the the presented analysis methods for an e cient prediction of the sound propagation of real aero-engines. On the other hand the in uence of di erent kind of installation parts inside the bypass duct on the acoustic mode propagation is analyzed and discussed.


The contribution of N4-acetylsulfadimethoxine (N4-AcSDM), a major metabolite of sulfadimethoxine (SDM), to the serum protein binding and pharmacokinetic interactions between SDM and ketoprofen (KPF) was investigated in rabbits. When SDM and KPF were intravenously coadministered, KPF indirectly reduced the serum protein binding of SDM through the interaction of KPF with N4-AcSDM, and significantly increased the total body clearance (Cltot) and steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss) of SDM. In addition, the co-administration of N4-AcSDM was found to increase Cltot and Vdss of SDM. These results indicate that N4-AcSDM contributes substantially to the serum protein binding and pharmacokinetic interactions between SDM and KPF in rabbits.


FIELD: production of materials and articles for packing oxidation-affected food products. SUBSTANCE: composition for absorption of oxygen of gaseous medium comprises, mas.%: one or more substituted or unsubstituted ethylene unsaturated hydrocarbons having molecular weight not less than 100, 99.000-99.999; salt of transition metal, 0.001-1.000. Homo- or copolymer of isoprene or butadiene, squalene or dehydrated castor oil are used as said ethylene unsaturated hydrocarbon. Neodecanoate or 2-ethylhexanoate of cobalt and manganese carboxylate are used as mentioned above salt of transition metal. Content of oxygen in flask comprising film is manufactured from composition in 6 days is 0-0.01 mas.%. EFFECT: improved quality. 27 cl, 3 tbl


We present a method of optimal hedging and pricing of equity-linked life insurance products in an incomplete discrete-time financial market. A pure endowment life insurance contract with guarantee is used as an example. The financial market incompleteness is caused by the assumption that the underlying risky asset price ratios are distributed in a compact interval, generalizing the assumptions of multinomial incomplete market models. For a range of initial hedging capitals for the embedded financial option, we numerically solve an optimal hedging problem and determine a risk-return profile of each optimal non-self-financing hedging strategy. The fair price of the insurance contract is determined according to the insurer's risk-return preferences. Illustrative numerical results of testing our algorithm on hypothetical insurance contracts are documented. A discussion and a test of a hedging strategy recalibration technique for long-term contracts are presented.


Students in CSCL environments can exhibit sophisticated argumentation skills. However, the challenges of using visual evidence are rarely addressed by current technological scaffolds. In light of the issues demonstrated in a dispute between two students over the meaning of a graph, we recommend that CSCL systems not only capture the outcomes of argumentation, but also the processes, whether of agreement or dissent. These would provide valuable learning objects, as well as insights into students' learning.


This article reports The Educational Diversity Project's findings on two empirical questions: (1) Do students differ by race upon entering law school? (2) Do any differences contribute educational benefits to students, institutions, or society? Extensive quantitative and qualitative empirical data support the finding that a racially diverse law student body provides educational benefits. Many differences students present are associated with diversities of backgrounds, experiences, perspectives, expectations, and outlooks that are related to their race. Diversity fosters richer interactions and positive educational outcomes. Race contributes to the achievement of educational diversity that benefits students, their institution, and society.


This study analyzes the effects of financialization and competition on productive models in major pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies and discusses current theses, which may help explain the transformation of productive models occurring under growing pressure from institutional investors and shareholder value management. We provide evidence of a large dispersion of shareholding and an increase in distribution of shareholder value occurring through large pharmaceutical companies. We show that large pharmaceutical companies have adopted a blockbuster model in an effort to maximize shareholder value, which is explained by various factors including financialization, technical change, product market regulations, and market competition. The stock market is used to make large acquisitions and control the US drug market, creating a growing dependency on stock performance and blockbuster drug sales. We describe how the process of financialization has impacted the biopharmaceutical industry and argue that the blockbuster model as a dominant productive model for the industry since the 1990s is unsustainable. Copyright 2013 The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved., Oxford University Press.


Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu receptors) belong to the G-protein-coupled receptors superfamily. They are divided into three groups, in which group II and group III belong to presynaptic receptors that negatively modulate glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release when activated. In this review, we introduce not only the functions of mGlu receptors, but also the group II and group III allosteric modulators and agonists/antagonists reported over the past five years according to a classification of their structures, with a specific focus on their biological activity and selectivity. In particular, the structure of these compounds and the future directions of ideal candidates are highlighted.


How often do you consider providing spiritual care to your patients? Many nurses shy away from this aspect of patient care citing feeling uncomfortable about broaching the topic with patients. Others provide the rationale of not wanting to impose their beliefs onto their patients or they imply the patient may be offended if asked how best to meet his or her spiritual needs. Frequently, nurses tout the necessity of providing holistic care to patients but forget or purposely overlook the need to address a patient's spiritual needs. Isn't spiritual care a vital component of health care? The current biomedical definition of health is the absence of illness or disease, which has a negative slant. If nurses are to go beyond this limited view of health, the profession must look to meet the patient's spiritual needs by helping them obtain tranquil abiding. One may ask how does one operationalize a state of tranquil abiding? Moberg (1979) offers an operational definition of spiritual well-being as the


Two new studies have identified promising leads in the search for a HIV vaccine. One study found two broadly neutralizing antibodies that bind to conserved regions of the HIV glycoprotein (gp)120, revealing a potentially exploitable chink in the armor of the retrovirus that could have profound effects on HIV vaccine development. Alongside this, another research group has announced the discovery of a promising prototype vaccine, consisting of a chemically activated form of gp120 with antigenic properties that appear capable of inducing protective antibodies to block HIV cell entry. The two broadly neutralizing antibodies were discovered by Dennis Burton from the Scripps Research Institute (CA, USA) and his colleagues. Coined PG9 and PG16, these proved capable of respectively neutralizing 78 and 73% of the 162-strong panel of HIV viruses that they were tested against.


The Telescoping of Generations. 'Listening to Listening'. Repetition and Surprise. The Countertransference Position and the Countertransference. The Narcissistic Dimension of the Oedipal Configuration. The Oedipus Myth Revisited. 'Listening to Listening' and Apres-Coup. Misunderstanding and Psychic Truths. Narcissistic Discourse as a Resistance to Psychoanalytic Listening. Apres-Coup. 'The Snark was a Boojum'.


Studies of amorphous (a-) semiconductors have been driven by technological advances as well as fundamental theories. Observation of electrical switching [1], for example, fueled early interest in achalcogenides. More recently a-chalcogenide switching has been applied successfully to programmable memory devices [2], as well as DVD technology where the quest for the discovery of better-suited materials continues. Thus, switching grants researchers today with an active arena of technological as well as fundamental study. Bond constraint theory and rigidity theory provide a powerful framework for understanding the structure and properties of a-materials. Application of these theories to switching in achalcogenides holds the promise of finding the best composition suited for switching applications. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy [3] is an ideally suited technique to investigate the switching properties of these materials. Results of previous EXAFS experiments are presented and viewed through the lens of bond constraint theory and rigidity theory.


In 1993, a management program was initiated in the Seven Lakes Basin in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness to bring high levels of campsite impact into compliance with management standards. The core of the strategy involved confining use, particu- larly by stock groups, and restoring certain campsites and portions of campsites. In just five years, campsite impacts were reduced substantially. Disturbed and bare area decreased on campsites, as did tree scarring and mineral soil exposure. Vegetation cover in- creased. The only impact parameter that continued to get worse was tree root exposure. Continuation of this program would likely reduce the extent of disturbance to less than one-third of the disturbance that existed before implementation. Fiscal costs were substantial, but experiential costs were judged to be minimal. This program should provide a good model for other wildernesses with campsite problems in certain destination areas. One of the goals of wilderness recreation management is to avoid ecological impacts and provide opportunities for high-quality wilderness experiences. Another goal—which often conflicts with the former—is to provide access for these experiences and to avoid restriction and regulation, which can make experiences seem "confined." Conflict between these two goals usually results in some compromise of both. Ecological impacts are most problematic in campsites in popular destination areas. Proliferation of new campsites, leading to unnecessarily high campsite densities, has been a common trend over the past few decades (Cole 1993). Specific impacts include damage to overstory trees, loss of vegetation, changes in species composition, soil compaction, loss of organic horizons and exposure of mineral soils (Cole 1983). The worst sites are almost as compacted as pavement, have been without groundcover vegetation for half a century or more and have numerous scarred trees with roots exposed in tree wells. Ecological impacts are particularly severe where pack stock use is common because, everything else being equal, groups traveling with horses and mules create more intense


Directed self-assembly (DSA) complemented with multiple patterning (MP) is an attractive next generation lithography (NGL) technique for contact-hole generation. Nevertheless, a high-quality DSA-aware layout decomposer is required to enable the technology. In this article, we introduce an efficient method which incorporates a set packing for generating DSA template candidates and a local search method. Besides, a multi-start strategy is integrated into the framework to prevent the local minima. Our framework encourages the reuse of existing coloring solvers. Hence, the development cost can significantly be reduced. In addition, for DSA multiple patterning where the number of masks is larger than two, we present an efficient iterative partition based method. Experimental results show that compared with the state-of-the-art work, our methods can achieve roughly 100× speedup for double patterning, and 78.8% conflict reduction with 5× speedup for triple patterning on the dense graphs.


Asthma patients come through coronavirus with higher risk, where both COVID-19 and asthma cause changes in vocal patterns, which can be detected in different ways. Monitoring systems focused on asthmatic voice quality for diagnosis are essential. However, voice monitoring has the potential to be the most accurate tool for lung early prediction of the disease. Asthma patient has a peak flow meter for daily use as an alternative for disease state monitoring, which has no special devices to detect COVID-19. This paper considers mixture methods of voice analysis for early diseases detection and their perspectives in developing for asthma and COVID-19 application, based diagnostics recognition. Mobile Cloud Computing and Artificial Intelligence used into analysis of voice parameters suitable to design an asthma oriented system for both attack prediction and COVID-19 recognition.


Education and training budgets are being slashed across the NHS in a bid to save money, the Commons health committee was told last week.


For robots to operate effectively in the partially unconstrained environment of manufacturing, they must be equipped with control systems that have sensory capabilities. This paper describes a control system that consists of three parallel cross-coupled hierarchies. First is a control hierarchy which decomposes high level tasks into primitive actions. Second is a sensory processing hierarchy that analyses data from the environment. Third is a world model hierarchy which generates expectations. These are compared against the sensory data at each level of the sensory processing hierarchy. Deviations between expected and observed data are used by the the control hierarchy to modify its task decomposition strategies so as to generate sensory-interactive goal-directed behavior. This system has been implemented on a research robot, using a network of microcomputers and a real-time vision system mounted on the robot wrist.


Relationships are difficult to implement for two main reasons: Firstly, they provide a complex semantics for relating entities and secondly, relationships are not first class constructs in modern programming languages. The challenge of implementing relationships in code is to resolve the semantics of abstract model elements and turn them into references or pointers of the target language. Language extensions or libraries are often discussed as a means of facilitating the translation of relations into code. We present an approach that uses plain Java language concepts for the implementation of UML associations. We focus on symmetry of associations as well as on navigability, visibility and ownership of association ends and present a code pattern, that can easily be used for automatic code generation.


European bison Bison bonasus refuges in the Bieszczady Mountains were characterised using four habitat variables: elevation above sea level, slope exposure, tree crown closure, and stand composition. We compared habitat composition of ranges representing a 95% probability of bison use with ranges representing a 25% probability of bison use, on a seasonal basis (summer, winter). During the growing season ("summer"), the 25% probability ranges contained more high elevation (550–749 m), other than northern-exposure areas with more open-canopied, fir-dominated forest than did the 95% probability ranges. During winter, the 95% probability ranges contained less high elevation (550–749 m), northerly exposure areas with more close-canopied, beech-fir, alder, and Scotch pine forests.


For the shortcomings of the attribute-level mapping in the current data integration approach,a new data integration approach based on data elements is presented,which uses semantic tree of data elements to describe the connotation of the properties's concept,and the semantic of the properties can be understood by computer,and then the instance-level semantic mapping can be realized by semantic computation,so that the data integration can be completed.


For insect,diapause is an adaptive to environment that may occur in any stage of life history.The types of diapause are divided into egg diapause,larvae diapause,pupa diapause and imago diapause accoording to stage of occurrence.This paper is a review on insect diapause,with special emphasis on physiological biochemical mechanism and gene expression,regulation of diapause hormone (DH)


The waste problem needs to be overcome because it threatens health , environment and tourism in Bali. The ability to manage waste by the government and the community has not been optimal. The government is trying to overcome the waste problem through policies. The problems are, (1) How is the implementation of source-based waste management policy in Penatih Dangin Puri Village? (2) What are the obstacles in implementing source-based waste management policies in Penatih Dangin Puri Village? The problem is analyzed with the theory of implementation model of Syahrul Mubarok et al (2020) which states that policy implementation is influenced by 3 aspects: policy content, policy context and policy process. Using qualitative research methods. The results showed that the village government had implemented a source-based waste management policy. From the aspect of policy content, Penatih Dangin Puri Village has implemented source-based waste management. Conclusions, 1) Governor's regulation Number 47 of 2019 has been implemented in Penatih Dangin Puri Village but has not been optimal. 2) Obstacles in implementing Governor's regulation number 47 of 2019 include: communication, resources and bureaucratic structure.


The second edition of this excellent, basic textbook is only 35 pages longer than the first edition. This is a sign of judicious editing by the author. The general format has been retained, but several sections have been rewritten. For example, the chapter on pharmacology has been brought up to date, and includes information on the possible effects of oral contraceptives on the eye. A glossary has been added, several photographs have been improved, and lists of differential diagnoses and classifications of various conditions have been attractively arranged on a gray background. Selected, up-to-date references have been arranged under various topics and are placed together at the end of the book. Although this text may contain more information than can be assimilated by the undergraduate medical student in the relatively short time devoted to ophthalmology in the curriculum, it will be a valuable addition to his medical library.


e15550 Background: Recent studies have demonstrated overexpression of osteopontin (OPN) in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and poor prognosis in OCCC is associated with the expression of OPN. In this study, we revealed the role of OPN in invasiveness and the effects of statin, a family of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors, on OCCC cells in vitro and in vivo.

METHODS
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell lines, RMG-1 and TOV-21G, were used to monitor changes in OPN levels, and cell invasiveness following treatment with OPN, statin, and transfection with siRNA. Changes in OPN gene expression were determined by real-time RT-PCR. Invasion assay and MTT assay were performed to determine effects on cell invasiveness and proliferation. A xenograft tumor model was constructed to evaluate the effects of statin (15-mg/kg/day) on cell proliferation and apoptosis in vivo.

RESULTS
The OPN gene expressions in OCCC cell lines were higher than in serous and mucinous adenocarcinoma cell lines. Invasion assays indicated that OPN (0.6µM) enhanced in vitro extracellular matrix (ECM) invasion in RMG-1 (3-fold) and TOV-21G (3.1-fold), respectively. Statin (4µM) reduced expression of OPN (RMG-1: 1.3-fold, and TOV-21G: 1.2-fold), and decreased ECM invasion (RMG-1: 1.3-fold, and TOV-21G: 1.7-fold). RNA interference also suppressed ECM invasion in RMG-1 (1.7-fold) and TOV-21G (1.5-fold), respectively. Statin inhibited OCCC cell proliferation, and the inhibition rate was approximately 40% to 50% after treatment with statin (10µM) for 48 h. In the xenograft studies, statin treatment resulted in a significant growth inhibition. Furthermore, the mice treated with statin survived significantly longer compared to the saline-treated group. Whereas every mouse died within 80 days in the saline-treated group, the 90-day survival rate was 66.7% in the statin-treated group. Apoptosis was increased in statin-treated mice in comparison to saline-treated group.

CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated that down-regulation of OPN reduced cell invasiveness in OCCC cells. Our results suggest that anticancer effects of statin may contribute to OCCC inhibition, and OPN may be a potential molecular target for OCCC therapy.


Reverberation chambers historically have been used for military and aerospace radiated immunity testing, but their use for commercial radiated emissions testing is attracting attention. In contrast to the usual open-area-test-site-type radiated-emissions test, which measures electric field at some distance, a reverb chamber measures the total radiated power from an equipment-under-test. The widely used GTEM cell three-position emissions test method is also based on a total-radiated-power measurement. This paper presents preliminary total radiated power measured from dipole and slotted-box radiators in GTEM cells and reverberation chambers in the 80-1000 MHz frequency range. Measured results for typical multiposition GTEM-to-OATS and free-space correlation schemes are presented. An EUT directivity estimation scheme for power-to-field conversion is reviewed and compared to the GTEM algorithm using data from the same canonical radiators. FDTD-calculated free-space directivity for a slotted-box radiator is compared to the theory. Good agreement is shown between the various facilities.


The nonabelian tensor product modulo q of two crossed modules of groups is investigated, where q is a positive integer. It is obtained a six term exact sequence of groups connecting the nonabelian tensor product modulo q with algebraic K-functor K 2 with Z q coefficients for (noncommutative) local rings. The notion of q-homology groups of a group G with coefficients in a G-module A is introduced, some its properties and calculations are given. The relationship between q-homology groups and derived functors of tensor product modulo q is studied.


8 ASUBTITLE: STABILIZATION AGREEMENTS ARE RETURNING CONTAINERSHIP OPERATORS TO PROFITABILITY, BUT RENEWED LOSSES ARE PREDICTED BY MID-1990S: CONTAINER SHIPPING IS MATURE INDUSTRY, BUT CARRIERS HAVEN'T LEARNED HOW TO MAKE CONSISTENT PROFITS.


Four types of perovskite solar cells (PVK PV) were fabricated to investigate the effect of charge separation interface (p/n junction) for inverted and normal structures. For inverted structures, (1) TCO/p-type/p-PVK/n-type and (2) TCO/p-type/n-PVK/n-type, were prepared by changing the PVK composition. For normal structures, (3) TCO/n-type/n-PVK/p-type and (4) TCO/n-type/p-PVK/p-type structures were fabricated in the same way. The solar cell efficiency of (2) was better than that of (1), and (3) showed a higher efficiency than (4). In all cases, the cell in which the p/n junction is located at the back side of the PVK layer from the incident light direction gave higher efficiency. Band bending, Fermi level, and carrier mobility were measured for these PVK layers and solar cells. We concluded that the higher efficiency for (2) and (3), where both cells of the p/n junction are located on the bottom of the PVK layer, is explained by the higher mobility of minority carriers, respectively.


Abstract:  Background:  Everolimus decreases acute rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation. We compared within‐trial costs and resource use over 1 yr of follow‐up in de novo heart transplant patients randomized to everolimus 1.5 mg/d (n = 209), everolimus 3.0 mg/d (n = 211), or azathioprine (n = 214).


A MATLAB toolbox for analysis and design of sampled-data feedback control systems is developed. The package is an object-oriented library: several classes are defined for concerning systems and signals including sampled-data systems. Functions and operators are overloaded in the class definitions. Moreover, the implementation of analysis and design algorithms for sampled-data systems is also in an object-oriented fashion. Hence the implemented codes keeps high readability even for a general setting of sampled-data systems including multirate and delayed control/measurement cases, by using the class for systems with two point boundary conditions developed as a part of this library


Background:
 Paravalvular leakage (PVL) is a frequent complication after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for severe aortic stenosis (AS), and is related to adverse prognosis. We aimed to investigate whether aortic valve calcium volume (Ca-Vol) measured by preoperative cardiac computed tomography (CT) had a predictive value for PVL.

 Methods and Results:
 We analyzed consecutive 43 patients underwent TAVI using third-generation self-expandable valve (Evolut PRO
 ®
 ) for severe AS with tricuspid valve. Among 43 patients, PVL was detected in 8 cases (18.6%) after TAVI. PVL was defined as moderate or severe regurgitation determined by transthoracic echocardiography. We analyzed preoperative cardiac CT (Fig 1), and measured total Ca-Vol in aortic valve and Ca-Vol in each cusp (non-coronary cusp [NCC], right-coronary cusp [RCC], and left-coronary cusp [LCC]). The threshold of CT value for calcium structure was determined at 500 Hounsfield Units as previously reported. Total Ca-Vol was significantly higher in the PVL group than in the non-PVL group (3.9 ± 2.8 vs. 2.1 ± 1.0 ml, P = 0.004). Ca-Vols in each cusp were also significantly higher in the PVL group than in the non-PVL group (NCC, 1.5 ± 1.0 vs. 0.8 ± 0.4 ml, P = 0.004; RCC, 1.2 ± 1.1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.3 ml, P = 0.007; and LCC, 1.1 ± 0.8 vs. 0.7 ± 0.4 ml, P = 0.021). Univariate logistic regression analysis for PVL indicated that total Ca-Vol and NCC Ca-Vol were predictors for PVL (total Ca-Vol, OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-4.1, P = 0.042; NCC Ca-Vol, OR 5.1, 95% CI 1.2-22.2, P = 0.031). By the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of Ca-Vol for prediction of PVL, the optimal cut off values were 2.3 ml of total Ca-Vol and 0.8 ml of NCC Ca-Vol (Fig 2; AUC = 0.75 and 0.78, sensitivity 0.75 and 0.88, specificity 0.63 and 0.54, respectively).

 Conclusion:
 Total Ca-Vol and NCC Ca-Vol were significant predictors for PVL after TAVI. Ca-Vol can be measured routinely with preoperative CT and might be useful in predicting PVL.


Normal intraocular pressure is a fundamental and important concept and variable of the intraocular pressure and even total glaucoma system.This article deals with certain problems in our understanding the normal intraocular pressure such as its population-based central tendency,right-skewed distribution and diurnal fluctuation,and its relationship to normal pressure glaucoma, ocular hypertension and target pressure.It is emphasized that"normal intraocular pressure"is not a simple numeric range and not confined to the upper limit for clinical values.The normal intraocular pressure remains to be thoroughly understood for its profound implications.(Ophthalmol CHN,2008,17:6-9)


The copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) with N.N'-methylenebisacrylamide (Bis) in the aqueous solution has been studied. All the experimental results showed that the reactivity of Bis is obviously greater than that of AM. The monomer reactivity ratios determined by gas-chromatography method are 0.117 and 5.756 for AM and Bis respectively. The effects of the concentration of oxidation-reduction initiator and the reaction temperature on the rate of the copolymerization have been investigated with ultraviolet spectroscopy, the initial rate of the copolymerization is proportional to the 0.66 power of [(NH4)2S2O3] and 0.55 power of [NaHSO3] , and the apparent reactive energy of this copolymerization is 37.1 KJ/mol.


The World Health Organization estimates that one in every five individuals affected by war is at risk of developing mental illness. In Ukraine, this approximately approaches to 8.5 million people. According to the Ministry of Health's predictions for the beginning of 2023, over 15 million Ukrainians will require psychological assistance due to the aftermath of war, with approximately 3.4 million requiring medical treatment. This review presents theoretical viewpoints and practical developments on the peculiarities of the pedagogical process and interdepartmental cooperation in fostering a comprehensive theoretical and clinical understanding of stress-related disorders among students by teams from the Department of Pathophysiology, Psychiatry, Narcology, and Medical Psychology of Poltava State Medical University.
Stress-related disorders herein defined as a set of symptoms of varying degrees of severity caused by a significant subjectively perceived psychotraumatic event are classified into three groups by their manifestations: emotional disorders, cognitive disorders, and vegetative and somatic symptoms. To effectively prevent, diagnose, treat, and rehabilitate patients with stress-related disorders, students must receive interdisciplinary knowledge and training. Physiology and biochemistry of stress are introduced to students in the first year of their studies, and pathophysiology is taught through practical and experimental approaches. Medical psychology and psychiatry equip students with the skills and knowledge required to manage psychological responses to stress and evaluate clinical symptoms of stress-related disorders. Other clinical departments also provide relevant training on this subject.
Therefore, a systematic approach to training students in diagnosis, therapy, and rehabilitation of patients with stress-related disorders is crucial. This requires a step-by-step, interdisciplinary integration of this issue, which is well reflected in the educational and professional programs of the second level of higher education.


Selective and efficient permeation of H2 was accomplished by a thin Pd or Pd-Ag alloy membrane supported on porous alumina ceramics. Such membranes were prepared by deposition of Pd or Pd and Ag on the outer surface of the support cylinder by an electroless plating technique.It was found that either steam or CO2 reforming of CH4 was promoted beyond equilibrium by use of a membrane reactor with the Pd/ceramic composite membrane at temperatures as low as 773K. In spite of a similar type of reforming, a quite different pattern of reaction products was obtained in the membrane reactor: H2 and CO2 from steam reforming, and H2 and CO (syngas) from CO2 reforming. Nickel catalyzed carbon-free steam reforming, and the level of CH4 conversion depended on the efficiency of the membrane for H2 permeation since the rate of H2 production was sufficiently higher than that of H2 permeation. On the contrary, carbon deposition extensively took place in CO2 reforming on Ni catalyst, while alumina-supported noble metals showed far less selectivities for carbon deposition than did Ni even in the membrane reactor. Differing from the activity sequence observed in the conventional reaction system, it was found in membrane reactor that it decreased in the order: Rh-Pt>Pd>Ru>Ir, due to contamination of the active surface. Among the noble metal catalysts tested, Pt supported on Al2O3-La2O3 and Al2O3-CeO2 was effective without significant carbon deposition to enable prolonged activity. The membrane reactor can provide a partial oxidation process with utilization of air instead of pure O2 to produce H2 or syngas.


Abstract : Extensive research has been made regarding military expenditures and arms transfers in and to Latin America. Nevertheless, there was no available study focusing research on arms transfers from the perspective of a particular Latin American nation. The author analyzes Venezuela's arms transfers for 1962-1975 utilizing an acquisition process model. This arms acquisition model includes the initial considerations of having a defense establishment and needs for arms, the military requirement process, and the source selection process, the latter including the arms supplier policies as related to Venezuela during the intervening period. Venezuela, an oil producing nation, increased defense expenditures by 52% in 1974. New weapon systems were ordered by Venezuela in 1975 reflecting the availability of larger resources. Internal security missions, external projection, and a replacement pattern were the major factors influencing the Venezuelan arms requirement. A multipolar international system and the U.S. arms transfer policy were reflected in Venezuela's diversification of arms sources. A resurgence of regional arms control seems to be a factor influencing future arms acquisition patterns. (Author)


The robustness and invisibility is the most important evaluating indicator of digital watermarking system. Besides, the data that must be analyzed and calculated is large for the video watermark. Thus, for the video watermark, watermarking algorithm should not only have strong robustness but also have low time complexity. In this paper, we put forward the idea to implement a frequency domain digital watermark algorithm in Spatial Domain, which is based on correlation coefficient and quadratic DCT transform. In fact, we implement the frequency domain algorithm using a spatial domain method for the second DCT transform of frequency domain algorithm based on quadratic DCT transform. Extensive experiments have well validated our algorithm.


Indonesia is a mega-diversity country with numerous endemic plants distributed throughout its regions. An Indonesias' island with the unique and the highest endemic plant species due to being located in the Wallace area is Sulawesi Island. Hopea celebica, an endemic species to Sulawesi Island, is currently categorized as endangered by IUCN. Here, we selected the ISSR primers suitable for the genetic study of H. celebica from Luwu and Konawe provenances and investigated their genetic diversity. Ten ISSR primers were employed in primer screening, and fifty H. celebicaindividuals were genetically analyzed for their genetic diversity. The selected ISSR primers for genetic diversity analysis were UBC 810, UBC 813, UBC 814, UBC 820, UBC 822, UBC 823, and UBC 827. The evaluated H. celebica individuals have high genetic diversity, and this information will be beneficial for designing H. celebica breeding and conservation strategies


The evolution of social power during the ceramic age of Puerto Rico is investigated. Archaeological site plans, ethnohistoric and ethnographic accounts, and size/spatial distributions of ball courts and ceremonial plazas are investigated as they relate to political organization and leadership roles in prehistoric Puerto Rico. One of the strands linking 14 centuries of ceramicage culture in Puerto Rico is the emphasis on ceremonial space as an overtly integrative arena for the group. As the definition of the "group" evolved from a village-bound entity to a multivillage polity, the importance and elaboration of ceremonial space increased accordingly. The central argument in this paper is that politically motivated individuals accrued power by controlling the rituals and ceremonies that were of fundamental importance for maintaining and reproducing society. Rituals and ceremonies were performed in specially designated areas of communities. As access to power narrowed to specific lineages, families, or individuals, the designated community spaces became more formal in construction and location. These ceremonial spaces, referred to as ball courts and ceremonial plazas in the ethnohistoric accounts, ultimately became contested places as well as places of contest.


Despite of the advantages of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which makes our lives easier, faster, and more connected, the development of ICT is pushing the countries in the direction of ICT applications. The higher education is one of the sectors that try to adopt one of ICT applications through E-learning and using (Moodle) as learning management system. This paper finds out the impact of Moodle on students through examining the students' acceptance of the system using TAM model. This study was carried out by some teaching members of the Faculty of King Abdullah II School for Information Technology at the University of Jordan during the spring semester of the academic year 2013/2014. The results of this study firm the original TAM's findings and reveal that the faculties of students and number of previously E-learning courses have an influence on perceive ease of use and perceived usefulness while the level of the academic year and GPA have no significant influence on perceived ease of use. Even though, they have affected on perceived usefulness. Finally, the student's skills on computer with student's difficulty in reading from the screen affect perceived ease of use but, it has been found that they have no influence on perceived usefulness.


Abstract The paper discusses the problem of principle methods of production control as a strategy supporting the production system and stimulating efficient solutions in respect management in production enterprises. The article describes MRP, ERP, JIT, KANBAN and TOC methods and focuses on their main goals, principles of functioning as well as benefits resulting from their application. The methods represent two diverse strategies of production control, i.e. pull and push strategies. Push strategies are used when the plans apply to the first and principle part of production and are based on the demand forecasts. Pull strategies are used when all planning decisions apply to the final stage and depend on the actual demand or orders from customers.


Recent European community and state specific environmental guideline, legislative, and regulatory activities have led power producers to assess their currently installed generation technologies with regard to clean air compliance strategies. For the application to older generation facilities, the prudence of linking facility rehabilitation with the addition of environmental control systems to repowering options is warranted. Similarly, ongoing privatization efforts emphasize the necessity for sound economic decisions of site specific technological applications that consider maintaining or enhancing thermal efficiencies. Southern Electric International (SEI) has conducted such a feasibility study assessment evaluating the reconstruction, repowering and possible expansion of the Slovensky Energeticky Podnik (SEP) 1320 MWe Vojany Station in the Republic of Slovakia. Alternatives included such technologies as atmospheric fluid bed combustion, furnace and duct sorbent injection, low NOx burners, gas re-burn, selective catalytic reduction, selective non-catalytic reduction, state of the art precipitators and baghouses, wet and dry flue gas desulfurization systems and repowering technologies. In addition, new, turn of the century environmentally plausible and efficient electric power technologies were addressed.


In this paper, aimed at the problem of conventional image restore method faced to unknown reason of image degrading, a new IGA(improved GA) is brought out and applied to image restoration. And aimed at image restoration problem, the operation of heredity, the group strategy, and maintenance the group variety are all improved as a whole. In this algorithm, the Chaos optimization, the mixed selection and elite reservation method are added, so the algorithm of this paper can give attention to both global search ability and convergence speed and it can give out satisfy restoration result‥


Results 275 cases recruited worldwide(203 M and 72 F). Median pretreatment Blatchford score (BS) 11 for all cases. 246 patients (89%) achieved immediate haemostasis after endoscopic therapy with Hemospray (table 1). Similar haemo-stasis rates noted in the Hemospray monotherapy ( 92% ), combination therapy ( 90% ) and rescue therapy ( 85% ) group. Peptic ulcer bleed was the most common pathology (53%) and forrest Ib the most common lesion type (66%). 29 patients did not achieve immediate haemostasis.Median BS was higher in this group at 13 (IQR 11 – 16, p<0.05). Forrest Ib was the most common lesion type in this group (76%, p<0.05). 28 cases of rebleeding reported after successful hae-mostasis. The median BS in these was higher at 13 (IQR 10.25 – 14.75, p<0.05). Forrest Ib was the most common bleed in this group (50%, p<0.05). Abstract


This paper describes the application of modified comparison training for automatic feature weight tuning. The final objective is to improve the evaluation functions used in Chinese chess programs. First, we apply n-tuple networks to extract features. N-tuple networks require very little expert knowledge through its large numbers of features, while simultaneously allowing easy access. Second, we propose a modified comparison training into which tapered eval is incorporated. Experiments show that with the same features and the same Chinese chess program, the automatically tuned feature weights achieved a win rate of 86.58% against the hand-tuned features. The above trained version was then improved by adding additional features, most importantly n-tuple features. This improved version achieved a win rate of 81.65% against the trained version without additional features.


stringent criteria used by CMS for sepsis and extended the CMS criteria to identify the remaining 4 conditions to 10 discharge diagnoses fields. We estimated costs for readmissions using previous approaches.5 We performed pairwise comparisons of proportions of index admissions, length of stay, and cost for each of the 5 conditions using multinomial logistic, negative binomial, and γ regression, respectively. For all analyses, robust standard errors were used, and 2-sided P values less than .005 were considered significant to account for multiple comparisons. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS (SAS Institute), version 9.3, and Stata (StataCorp), version 13.1.


An annual average of more than 100 casualties occur on construction sites designated by the occupational safety and health law despite the safety assessment regulations from Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency. Even if those sites involve more harmful or hazardous work than other sites, the result creates doubt regarding the effectiveness of the safety assessment regulations. The safety of construction sites is difficult to maintain continuously and instantly because ofthe variability in the construction industry despite inspecting workers, equipment, and facilities by managers. Many discussions on how to utilize BIM have been made to improve the productivity of construction projects, and BIM-based modeling and simulation would bring many benefits to safety. This study examined the hindrance factors of field utilization of the safety assessment regulations through a research literature survey, disaster situation analysis and questionnaire, and suggests the necessity of the application of BIM that enhances the effectiveness of safety assessment regulations by identifying the relationship between the hindrance factors and the function of BIM.


1.Foreword 01 2.Structure of the theory of value of the chapter1 of Principles 02 I) Critique of the commanded labour theory of value of Smith 05 II) Framework of the theory of value of Ricardo as theory of distribution12 III) Method of chapter 1 of Principles ――relation between the first half and the latter half 18 IV) 'Modifications of value' 24 V) Fundamental character of the theory of value of Ricardo 29 3. The invariable measure of value and the concept of the absolute value ―last manuscripts of Ricardo on Absolute value and exchangeable value― 32-42


Riley and Hobson, well known for their excellent Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering, written along with Bence, have decided to slice and reshape their aforementioned modern classic te...


In the facility location problem with continuous demands, where customers are continuously distributed on an area, a planner wants to locate the facilities and allocate the customers to their closest facilities under the proximity rule. In this work, we focus on the fairness and system efficiency from the facility's perspective. Each facility is assumed to have a preference (represented as valuation function) over the subsets of customers. For the fairness of facilities, we provide approximation guarantees for the proportionality and envy-freeness. For the efficiency, we study the utilitarian and egalitarian social welfare. In addition, we are interested in quantifying the possible trade-offs between meeting the fairness criteria and maximizing social welfare, measured by the price of fairness.


Preliminary pages PART I: GLOBAL TERRORISM AND TRENDS 1. Terrorism and the Global Powershift, by Ajai Sahni 2. Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction, by V R Raghavan 3. The Long War: Objectives and Strategy, by Sankhya Krishnan 4. The Future of Terrorism, by John Harrison 5. Maritime Terrorism, Underwater Operations and Technological Solutions, by Vijay Sakhuja PART II: TERRORISM IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA 6. Asia's Ground Zero of Terrorism, by Rohan Gunaratna 7. Trends in Terrorism in Southeast Asia, by Daljit Singh 8. Terrorist Financing in Southeast Asia, by Arabinda Acharya 9. The Regional Fraternity: Collaboration between Violent Islamist Groups in Indonesia and the Philippines, by Muhammad Tito Karnavian 10. Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Assessing the Impact of External Influences, by Ian Storey 11. LTTE: The Terror Guru for the Next Decade, by Thusitha Tennakoon Bhathiya Ratnayake PART III: REGIONAL RESPONSES 12. Regional Responses to Terrorism in Southeast Asia, by Daljit Singh Arabinda Acharya.


Exactly forty years ago, readers of the Journal of Philosophy first heard about a certain guy called Charles who was sitting in his chair watching a movie. At some point during the film, a green slime started approaching the camera. Charles' pulse quickened, his palms started to sweat, and he clutched the arms of his chair. After the movie, he reported that he was really afraid of the slime. Apart from the observation that both monsters and moviegoers have come a long way since the seventies, nothing about this case seems to be particularly interesting. Charles, however, has become famous – at least among philosophers, aestheticians and literary critics. The reason is, of course, Kendall L. Walton's seminal paper »Fearing Fictions« in which he both doubts that Charles' judgement about his affective state is correct and raises the general question of whether affective responses which are directed towards fictional entities (we will call them »fictional emotions« from now on) are structurally identical to emotions directed towards real entities (cf. Walton 1978). Together with Colin Radford's article »How Can We Be Moved by the Fate of Anna Karenina?« Walton's paper led to a debate about fictional emotions that still goes on today, and in particular about a problem which is often referred to by the term »paradox of fiction«. The paradox is constituted by three apparently plausible premises that cannot be conjointly true at the same time:


"Aboriginal people have not … invented childhood." This statement goes to the very heart of the difference between Western and Aboriginal societies as far as children are concerned. Aboriginal children have always remained part of the adult world. Separation or exclusion from adult activities was kept to a minimum. Indeed, most of those activities were planned and organised to ensure the maximum involvement of as many children as possible. This applied to hunting and gathering, to dance, song, and many ceremonies. From the earliest age, they were aware of what was going on in the community, and were exposed to the whole spectrum of human relations. The expression "not in front of the children", which became the title of a TV sitcom some years ago, would not have been used by Murris.


The purpose of this paper is to present and evaluate an improved Naive Bayes algorithm for clustering. Many researchers search for parameter values using EM algorithm. It is well-known that EM approach has a drawback - local optimal solution, so we propose a novel hybrid algorithm of the discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) and the EM approach to improve the global search performance. We evaluate this hybrid approach on 4 real-world data sets from UCI repository. In a number of experiments and comparisons, the hybrid DPSO+EM algorithm exhibits a more effective and outperforms the EM approach


Along with the development of computer network technology and Internet, network courses have become an irreversible trend. When sports dance be displayed in a network platform, it can both benefit the classroom teaching and extracurricular self-study. This research combined the literatures research and experimental research, demonstrated the advantages of the application of network courses for auxiliary teaching in sports dance.


The article considered the set of alternatives which are evaluated by experts on a number of criteria, where each alternative is characterized, in general, its own set of specific properties that differ from each other. This circumstance causes the using of multicriteria evaluation of alternatives. The apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets isusedto represent the initial information knowledge of experts in various subject areas at an early stage of the analysis of alternatives.The proposed approach to problem's solution of ordering the alternatives was used in interactive system for decision-makingmodeling. Analysis and evaluation of the alternatives considered is carried out, usually by experts based on the criteria having qualitative nature. Obtained in this way from the expert information is informal. Under these conditions, one of the acceptable methods is the apparatus of fuzzy sets theory. This unit provides the opportunity to consider alternatives to subjective assessments carried out by experts in a particular subject area.


Al-Iman General Clinic Nagrak Bogor is a foundation that engages in community health services in the surrounding environment. Al-Iman General Clinic Nagrak Bogor in improving its service quality and management development foundation, the foundation coordinates the management of every activity by regulating the performance of the foundation. Improved service transactions at Al-Iman General Clinic Nagrak Bogor resulted foundation performance requires fast information to improve information services. Service information presented is done by setting a policy determination system planning policies were developed in the form of an integrated information system with computer assistance. Computerized assistance, expected to be reduced as small as possible the constraints that occur and can also provide good information as well as accurate.


TEN STRAINS OF ANAEROBIC, GRAM NEGATIVE, MONOTRICHOUS, BUTYRIC ACID-PRODUCING CURVED RODS HAYE BEEN ISOLATED FROM INGESTA OF THE BOVINE RUMEN. THESE 10 STRAINS OF 0UTYRIV1BRIO REPRESENTED 1/5 OF ALL ISOLATES AT IX 10-S DILUTIONS. MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 10 STRAINS AND A STRAIN ISOLATED BY GILL AND KING ( 1958) HAVE ALSO BEEN STUDIEDe No TWO OF THE ISOLATES WERE IDENTICAL IN ALL REACTIONSe MOST OF THE ORGANISMS PRODUCED A LARGE AMO~T OF BUTYRIC AND SOME LACTIC, FORMIC, PROPIONIC ANO SUCCINIC ACIDS WITH THE UTILIZATION OF ACETIC ACID IN A RUNEN FLUID GLUCOSE


The influence of parent phase aging on the shape memory effect of the Cu-11.1Al-6.5Mn-1.6Zn-0.1Zr alloy was studied.The phase transformation,the changes of microstructure and crystal structure of the alloy in aging process were investigated by XRD,SEM and optical microscope.The experimental results show that the tested alloy exhibits excellent shape memory stability for aging below 300℃. When the aging temperature is over 350℃,the shape memory effect decreases markedly due to the eutectoid reaction (β→α+γ 2).


With the smearing technique, the three-quark (3Q) ground-state potential $V_{\rm 3Q}$ is numerically extracted in the SU(3)$_c$ lattice QCD Monte Carlo simulation with $12^3 \times 24$ and $\beta=5.7$ at the quenched level. With accuracy better than a few %, $V_{\rm 3Q}$ is well described by a sum of a constant $C_{\rm 3Q}$, the two-body Coulomb part $-A_{\rm 3Q}\sum_{i<j} \frac1{|{\bf r}_i-{\bf r}_j|}$ and the three-body linear confinement part $\sigma_{\rm 3Q} L_{\rm min}$, where $L_{\rm min}$ denotes the minimal length of the color flux tube linking the three quarks. By comparing with the Q-$\bar {\rm Q}$ potential, we find a universal feature of the string tension as $\sigma_{\rm 3Q} \simeq \sigma_{\rm Q \bar Q}$ and the one-gluon-exchange result for the Coulomb coefficient as $A_{\rm 3Q} \simeq \frac12 A_{\rm Q \bar Q}$. All our results including the constant term are consistent with the requirement on the diquark limit in the lattice regularization.


The groundwater monitoring requirements for hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs) are just one aspect of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste management strategy for protecting human health and the


2D materials make the scientific land more fertile to harvest future generation of high-performance electronic devices. Among these, TMDs are more promising for switching applications due to its band gap and stability over Graphene and Phosphorene respectively. Despite of these properties, performance of the TMDs FET is not achieved to its expectation yet due to high contact resistance at the metal-TMDs interfaces. Different metal-TMDs interfaces have been explored for contact resistance reduction [1] , [2] , [3] but, a systematic study of metal induced gap states [MIGS] for TMDs and corresponding engineering to improve the contact resistance is missing yet. To explore the gap, we have done systematic study of interaction of different metals ( Au, Cr, Ni and Pd ) with MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , WS 2 and WSe 2 followed by impact of chalcogen vacancy on corresponding interactions using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Chalcogen vacancy reduces all the metal-TMDs bond distance which can reduce corresponding contact resistance due to reduction in the tunneling barrier width. Defect engineering also converts intrinsic n-type Pd-TMDs contacts into p-type which can help in MoS 2 based CMOS circuit in future.


Combustion of coal by gasification-transformation of coal into gas prior to combustion in a furnace-is an advantageous method of combustion especially for smoke-removal in cities and for utilization of low-quality coal, and can be applied for boilers, gas turbines and industrial furnaces. Gas producers for this purpose must have improved efficiencies and high capacities. Construction and test results of a continuously operating gas producer, which was test-built to verify this method, are described and it is shown that this producer can be operated at a gasification efficiency (hot gas base) 94% for a long period by employing an improved injection method of air and steam. And, experimental results and technical problems about combustion of low-quality coal by gasification method are also discussed.


Recent work on hyperbolic systems of conservation laws has established the well posedness of the Cauchy problem, in a class of functions with small total variation. Namely, entropy weak solutions are unique and depend Lipschitz continuously on the initial data, in the 0 2 1 norm. A major remaining open problem is whether these entropic solutions can be obtained as singular limits from various types of approximations. In particular: 1) Vanishing viscosity This talk will present some recent progress in this direction, and outline a general strategy for obtaining this kind of results.


Blood components such as hemoglobin, glucose, creatinine measuring are essential for monitoring one's health condition. The current blood component measurement approaches still depend on invasive techniques that are painful, and uncomfortable for the patients. To facilitate measurement at home, we proposed a novel non-invasive technique to measure blood hemoglobin, glucose, and creatinine level based on PPG signal using Deep Neural Networks (DNN). Fingertip videos from 93 subjects have been collected using a smartphone. The PPG signal is generated from each video, and 46 characteristic features are then extracted from the PPG signal, its derivatives (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1^{ \text {st}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^{ \text {nd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and from Fourier analysis. Additionally, age and gender are also included to feature because of the significant effects on hemoglobin, glucose, and creatinine. A correlation-based feature selection (CFS) using genetic algorithms (GA) has been used to select the optimal features to avoid redundancy and over-fitting. Finally, DNN based models have been developed to estimate the blood Hemoglobin (Hb), Glucose (Gl), and Creatinine (Cr) levels from the selected features. The approach provides the best-estimated accuracy of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{2} = 0.922$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for Hb, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{2} = 0.902$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for Gl, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{2} = 0.969$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for Cr. Experimental aftermaths show that the proposed method is a suitable technique to be used clinically to measure human blood component levels without taking blood samples. This paper also reveals that smartphone-based PPG signal has a great potential to measure the different blood components.


We study four-dimensional compactifications of type II superstrings on Calabi-Yau spaces using the formalism of hybrid string theory. Chiral and twisted-chiral interactions are rederived, which involve the coupling of the compactification moduli to two powers of the Weyl-tensor and of the derivative of the universal tensor field-strength.


Palliative care is a treatment that is carried out to improve the quality of life of patients and families in the face of patients who have life-threatening diseases both physical, psychosocial, and spiritual. There are 40 million people in the world each year who need palliative care, especially in non-communicable diseases. Most families of patients who care for palliative patients at home feel burdened both physically and psychologically. This is because the daily activities that must be done are limited because all activities are focused on being a caregiver. This makes it important for the family cadres who have the knowledge and skills to provide primary care to palliative patients at home. The establishment of the family cadres as the main nurse for palliative patients at home is one manifestation of community empowerment and is the right step in optimizing government health programs in improving the quality of life for palliative patients. The method of activity is based on the health promotion model, where activities are focused on efforts to improve the ability of the community through community learning. The formation of the family cadres was initiated by a socialization activity and then the cadres were given health education in the form of counseling and skills training. The result of the activity was that all cadres (100%) were able to handle the symptoms of palliative patients at home and could re-practice palliative care at home after attending the training. The follow-up plan of activities is an effort to maintain cadre performance. The need to collaborate with hospitals or Puskesmas (the Indonesian community health service center) which will send palliative patients back after hospitalization so that the quality of caregivers can be continued by family cadres and health cadres. The implementation of the activity received appreciation from the government officials present.


Beginning with the launch of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) in October of 2008, NASA will once again begin its quest to land humans on the Moon. This effort will require the development of new spacecraft which will safely transport people from the Earth to the Moon and back again, as well as robotic probes tagged with science, re-supply, and communication duties. In addition to the next-generation spacecraft currently under construction, including the Orion capsule, NASA is also investigating and developing cutting edge navigation sensors which will allow for autonomous state estimation in low Earth orbit (LEO) and cislunar space. Such instruments could provide an extra layer of redundancy in avionics systems and reduce the reliance on support and on the Deep Space Network (DSN). One such sensor is the weak-signal Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver "Navigator" being developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). At the heart of the Navigator is a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based acquisition engine. This engine allows for the rapid acquisition/reacquisition of strong GPS signals, enabling the receiver to quickly recover from outages due to blocked satellites or atmospheric entry. Additionally, the acquisition algorithm provides significantly lower sensitivities than a conventional space-based GPS receiver, permitting it to acquire satellites well above the GPS constellation. This paper assesses the performance of the Navigator receiver based upon three of the major flight regimes of a manned lunar mission: Earth ascent, cislunar navigation, and entry. Representative trajectories for each of these segments were provided by NASA. The Navigator receiver was connected to a Spirent GPS signal generator, to allow for the collection of real-time, hardware-in-the-loop results for each phase of the flight. For each of the flight segments, the Navigator was tested on its ability to acquire and track GPS satellites under the dynamical environment unique to that trajectory.


In hospital setup intravenous flow rate is monitored manually. In order to avoid human error, automatic intravenous fluid flow meter can be used to regulate flow rate. The aim is to develop an automatic flow meter for intravenous tube and fluid level detector for saline bag. This project uses Arduino Uno R3 which is a microcontroller board with input voltage of 7-12V and an operating voltage of 5V to control the system. The other components used in the study are Stepper motor to control the flow, DC supply, IR sensor to measure level of saline in bottle, LCD screen to display the flow rate and a buzzer in order to signal the flow level of saline bag. The system helped the healthcare worker to regulate the flow rate effectively and minimize the human errors. It also helped to know and display the flow rate of intravenous fluid. The buzzer worked efficiently to indicate the saline level. The automatic intravenous fluid system is advanced way of monitoring the intravenous fluid flow rate. It is helpful in minimizing the human errors as the adjustment of the flow rate can be done by the use of automatic flow system and a buzzer to signal the saline level. Index Terms – Automatic IV fluid regulator, IR sensor, LCD screen. ___________________________________________________


Over the years, research on fuzzy clustering algorithms has attracted the attention of many researchers, and they have been applied to various areas, such as image segmentation and data clustering. Various fuzzy clustering algorithms have been put forward based on the initial Fuzzy C-Means clustering (FCM) with Euclidean distance. However, the existing fuzzy clustering approaches ignore two problems. Firstly, clustering algorithms based on Euclidean distance have a high error rate, and are more sensitive to noise and outliers. Secondly, the parameters of the fuzzy clustering algorithms are hard to determine. In practice, they are often determined by the user's experience, which results in poor performance of the clustering algorithm. Therefore, considering the above deficiencies, this paper proposes a novel fuzzy clustering algorithm by combining the Gaussian kernel function and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), called Kernel-based Picture Fuzzy C-Means clustering with Grey Wolf Optimizer (KPFCM-GWO). In KPFCM-GWO, the Gaussian kernel function is used as a symmetrical measure of distance between data points and cluster centers, and the GWO is utilized to determine the parameter values of PFCM. To verify the validity of KPFCM-GWO, a comparative study was conducted. The experimental results indicate that KPFCM-GWO outperforms other clustering methods, and the improvement of KPFCM-GWO is mainly attributed to the combination of the Gaussian kernel function and the parameter optimization capability of the GWO. What is more, the paper applies KPFCM-GWO to analyzes the value of an airline's customers, and five levels of customer categories are defined.


Fifteen samples of basaltoid rocks were analysed from Lower Silesia, SW Poland, all of them situated close to the Sudetic Marginal Fault. K-Ar datings were made on whole rock samples, using the methodology applied by the Institute of Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary. Most of the samples gave dates ranging between 21-38 Ma, whereas that derived from a borehole in the Mokrzeszow graben was dated to 44 Ma. Another borehole sample (Jezow Sudecki B-5) is of 59 Ma age. On the other hand, the supposedly "Quaternary" basalts from the Debowiec area fall into the interval of 29-30 Ma.The southeasternmost occurrences of the Lower Silesian basalts at Nowa Cerekiew display two generations of effusive activity: the older lava flows (26 Ma) are cut by plugs dated to 22 Ma. The Oligocene-Lower Miocene (26-33 Ma, 20-24 Ma) rocks represent alkali basalts and basanites. Most of the samples studied show properties typical of the two phases of volcanic activity, hitherto recorded in the Opole area by other authors.


The invention discloses a new synthesis route of 5-(alpha-cyclopropyl carbonyl-2-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxo-2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7a-hexahydrothiophene [3, 2-c] pyridine, which only needs to one step to convert prior 2-methoxy-5-(alpha-cyclopropyl carbonyl-2-fluorobenzyl)-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrothiophene [3, 2-c] pyridine hydrochloride to target compound, with mild reaction conditions, non low temperature demand, non explosive material, high yield, low cost and high efficiency. The invention is suitable for large-scale industrial production.


Donne is considered one of the greatest devotional poets of English. His devotional poetry reflects the intensity of feeling and inner conflict. The main themes of his devotional poems are the falseness of this world and the sufferings of the soul imprisoned in the body. According to Donne, the solution to all these problems is to obtain the blessings of the Almighty. His 'Holy Sonnets' may be regarded as poems of repentance and supplications for divine grace. Bhakti-rasa also deals with the elements of devotion. Thus, his devotional poetry can be profitably analysed from the perspective of bhakti-rasa. However, the concept of bhakti-rasa is an Indian concept still has not been ignored by writers in any language. The theory of bhakti influenced many prominent writers, Donne being one of mthe most celebrated. The present paper deals with some of the significant inter-connections between the mEastern and Western branches of aesthetics to address the universality and relevance of bhakti-rasa. Donne's poems consist of almost all the features of bhakti-rasa as mentioned in Indian Poetics in general and in Srila Rupagoswami's renowned text Bhakti-rasāmrta-Sindhu in particular. The three sections describe the types and subtypes. A literature review is described in the second section, showing that Donne's poetry has not been studied in the light of bhakti-rasa so far, either in the west or in the east. In the third section, John Donne's poetry is analysed in the light of bhakti-rasa.


The development of this research has been made in view of the need to find a solution to the problems that occur around the social, economic, labor issues, involving the Consumer Protection regarding the lack of penalties for Advertising misleading there for several marketers, dealing with this issue since our interest, we will say that all these factors are given for breach of the agreement on concession contracts and sales online and television media, subject of our study. Trying to determine the key points to clarify the issue. Through various media I have known the reality of misleading advertising and organic consumer law, on a different scale, whether electronic, consumer goods, appliances; as it is very common to see on television, read in newspapers or heard on the radio the myriad of products offered without measure or scruple, since in reality in our country there is no control over this explosion of propaganda. That is why, it is necessary to minimize the procedures performed in these institutions so that they can in a flexible and immediate redress the rights of consumers and users, determining more powers of judgment.


metrically.4 This was not feasible in this case but varices due to portal hypertension were assumed to be the cause from the characteristic appearance of the stoma5 and the presence of a caput medusae. Various treatments have been advocated, but simple steps such as applying local pressure and underrunning of the bleeding points should be tried first. Any haemostatic defect associated with the liver disease should be corrected. The use of sclerosants such as sodium tetradecyl sulphate has also been suggested,5 and systemic infusion of vasopressin may prove useful.' More radical measures such as amputation and refashioning of the stoma to effect venous disconnection,4 or portasystemic shunting by portacaval anastomosis, although useful in patients with cirrhosis due to inflammatory bowel disease, are not indicated in those with widespread metastatic disease.


The morphology and chaetotaxy of the three larval instars of Ochthebius (Cobalius) subinteger Mulsant & Rey, 1861 are described and illustrated. The study revealed several characters on the cephalic capsule, head appendages, and the thoracic and abdominal segments that can be used for an easy identification of the species. An important array of larval characters distinguish Ochthebius subinteger from other larvae of the genus Ochthebius . The lack of the temporal seta T2 is, at present level of knowledge, a unique character whithin Hydraenidae. Several larval characters suggests a phylogenetic relationship between Ochthebius subinteger and the genus Calobius .


This review is devoted to strings and branes. Firstly, perturbative string theory is introduced. The appearance of various types of branes is discussed. These include orbifold fixed planes, D-branes and orientifold planes. The connection to BPS vacua of supergravity is presented afterwards. As applications, we outline the role of branes in string dualities, field theory dualities, the AdS/CFT correspondence and scenarios where the string scale is at a TeV. Some issues of warped compactifications are also addressed. These comprise corrections to gravitational interactions as well as the cosmological constant problem.


This paper elaborates the research on mechanical behavior of shoulder beam joint of CFST column in China based on the experimental research, finite element analysis and theoretical calculation. Besides, this paper summarizes and analyses the design approaches of shoulder beam joint of CFST column, which is instructive for the further related studies and applications. Finally, this paper presents some existing problems which occurred in current researches on shoulder beam joint of CFST column.


This paper concerns the method of judicial review in the dismissal of a trademark, from a procedural judicial perspective. The research examines the impact procedural laws can have on substantive laws, in terms of the influence of commercial litigation and civil procedures on one hand, and administrative law procedures on the other, regarding the potential outcomes for dismissing a trademark. In the UAE's unified legal system, the civil/commercial courts review decisions to register trademarks, while in Jordan's dual legal system it is the administrative courts, which do so. This paper investigates if this difference plays any role in cancelling trademarks, and whether it has any subsequent impact on investment and commerce.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an empirical study to analyse the impact of the introduction of knowledge management (KM) practices on the financial performance of a multinational law firm and to refine the KM Balanced Scorecard being used by the organisation. Design/methodology/approach – A case study approach was taken using multiple sources of evidence from within the organisation including internal surveys on KM services, performance measures, usage data for KM systems and tools and organisational financial data. Stepwise regression and correlation analyses were used to test causal relationships within the KM Balanced Scorecard. Findings – The most important predictors for financial performance (fee income) are the value perception of KM, quality of counsel and legal opinions, ease of use of know-how systems, quality of service from the KM team, usage of news and current affairs, personal know-how exchange with peers, lawyer commitment and KM staffing. Research limitations – This research was limited to one law firm and used the existing KM Balanced Scorecard for analysis. The results may therefore have limited generalisability to other organisations. Practical implications – The results have been used within the case study organisation to improve KM services and to improve the ability to measure the impact and return on investment for KM activities. Originality/value – This research provides empirical evidence for the positive impact of KM on fee income within a law firm.


The unit described in this article, a study of the immigrant experience, reflects these concerns for the middle-school student. Planned and taught as an interdisciplinary activity in eighth-grade language arts and US history, it involves writingacross-the-curriculum and dramatization (roleplaying). Social studies contributed the necessary material on immigration, as well as meaningful purpose to reading and writing, and language arts added writing and drama. Both teachers have experience using journals and other writing-acrossthe-curriculum activities. We spent several planning periods devising the unit and made minor modifications as it progressed. Our schedule is such that the two eighth-grade sections involved in the simulation have language arts and social studies the first two periods of the day; we, therefore, had the flexibility to separate or combine our classes. As it happened, the unit began in social studies for the first week, then combined with language arts for double periods the second week. While ideally suited for team teaching, this activity could be adapted as an individual unit in either subject