The products of in vivo covalent binding of activated aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to DNA have been investigated in rats. The principal covalent product formed in liver DNA of rats treated with AFB1 has been identified as 2,3-dihydro-2(N7-guanyl)3hydroxy-aflatoxin B1. This compound was isolated from the liver DNA of rats dosed with AFB1 (2.0 mg/kg) in sufficient quantity for characterization by physicochemical techniques, including field-desorption mass spectrometry. This information together with results of chemical methylation of the compound proved that the major adduct formed between DNA and AFB1 in vivo is identical to that produced in vitro when AFB1 is incubated with DNA in the presence of a rat liver microsomal activating system. Quantitative studies of formation of this compound revealed a dose-ependent relationship between the level of its occurence in liver DNA and AFB1 doses over the range 0.125-1.0 mg/kg. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a secondary fungal metabolite of several species of the genus Aspergillus, is acutely toxic to most animal species, although sensitivity varies widely. The rat, rainbow trout and duck are among the most susceptible to its toxic effects. AFB1 is also a potent hepatocarcinogen in these species (1) and is a potent mutagen in mammalian and bacterial cells (2-4). Epidemiological investigations in several human populations have revealed an association of increased incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma with increasing dietary contamination by AFB1 (5). Biological effects of AFB1 have been extensively studied in the rat. Acute doses of the toxin in this species produce both morphological and biochemical alterations primarily associated with the liver (6). Reversible inhibition of RNA synthesis has been demonstrated in vivo (7, 8) and has been shown to be temporally associated with nucleolar segregation (9). DNA synthesis is also reversibly inhibited in normal (10) and partially hepatectomized (8, 11) animals following acute doses of the toxin. Investigations of various in vitro models have demonstrated the requirement for metabolic conversion of AFB1 to an active derivative which interacts covalently with DNA (12) and results in alterations of normal biochemical processes associated with it such as transcription and replication (8). Covalent binding of AFB1 to DNA in vitro is dependent on microsomal conversion of AFB1 to the reactive 2,3-exo-epoxide. Although this labile molecular species has not been isolated, much indirect evidence has accumulated to substantiate its transient existence (13, 14). Covalent binding in vivo to nucleophilic atoms in proteins and nucleic acids is also thought to be mediated through metabolic activation to this reactive compound (15). Identification of the reactive sites in these macromolecules and the covalent compounds formed with AFB1 may provide a more complete understanding of its biological effects and provide further information on which to base hypotheses concerning the mechanisms underlying its carcinogenic properties. The nucleophilic sites of interaction with proteins have not been identified. However, recently, the N7 atom of guanine has been identified independently by two groups (16, 17) as the major site of reaction of the 2,3-epoxide with DNA in vitro. The product of this reaction, 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3hydroxy-aflatoxin B1 (AFBI-N7-Gua) was isolated from DNA that had been incubated with AFB1 in the presence of a microsomal activation system. By using the preparative and analytical chromatographic procedures previously developed for isolation of the in vitro adduct, we have isolated the major adduct formed between AFB1 and rat liver DNA in vivo. Preliminary chromatographic and spectral evidence indicated that this product was similar to the compound formed in vitro. Application of the techniques of field desorption mass spectrometry and chemical methylation has established its identity to the in vitro product. Evidence of the identity of the principal AFB1-DNA adducts formed in vitro and in vivo has also been provided by Lin et al. (17) who compared the chromatographic behavior of several derivatives of these compounds. Quantitative determinations revealed a dose-dependent relationship between the amount of N7-adduct formed in DNA by AFB1 at 0.125-1.0 mg/kg. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Fischer rats were obtained from Charles River Breeding Laboratories (North Wilmington, MA) and fed a semisynthetic agar gel diet (18) ad lib. Rats (130-150 g) were injected intraperitoneally with AFB1 at 2 mg/kg, purified by the method of Asao et al. (19) in 50 Ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (Burdick and Jackson Laboratories, Muskegon, MI). Rats were stunned and decapitated 2 hr after dosing. Their livers were quickly perfused with 0.05 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, and excised. Isolation of Nucleic Acids. Nuclei were isolated by a method modified from that of Hymer and Kuff (20). All procedures were performed at 20 unless otherwise noted. After removal of connective tissue with a tissue press, livers were homogenized in 24 ml of 0.25 M sucrose/2 mM CaCl2/0.01 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.5. The homogenate was filtered through 250-,m nylon mesh and then 100-Am nylon mesh. Additional buffer and 25% Triton Abbreviations: AFB1, aflatoxin B1; AFBI-N7-Gua, 2,3-dihydro-2(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxy-aflatoxin Bj; HPLC, high-pressure liquid chromatography. 1745 The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA 75 (1978) X-100 in homogenizing buffer were slowly added to obtain a final concentration of 5% Triton X-100 in a volume that was 9 times the liver weight. The homogenate was centrifuged at 1000 X g for 10 min. The supernatant was removed by aspiration and the crude nuclear pellet was resuspended in homogenizing buffer and frozen for storage at -70°. Nucleic acids were extracted from the crude nuclear preparation by a procedure modified from that of Marmur (21). Nuclei were thawed and suspended in 0.05 M Tris-HCl, pH 6.5. Appropriate volumes of 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 4 M NaCl were added to the suspended nuclei which resulted in concentrations of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1 M NaCl; the final concentration of DNA was 0.2-0.3 mg/ml. An equal volume of CHCl/isoamyl alcohol, 24:1 (vol/vol), was added and the two phases were shaken vigorously for 20 min at room temperature. The aqueous and organic phases were separated by centrifugation at 7000 X g for 10 min, and the aqueous phase was isolated and extracted a second time by using the same procedure. Nucleic acids were precipitated from the aqueous phase with 3 volumes of cold ethanol, spun onto glass rods, washed two times in ethanol, and dried in vacuo. Hydrolysis of Nucleic Acids. The nucleic acids were dissolved at 0.8-0.9 mg/ml in 0.05 M KAc, pH 5.2/0.1 mM ZnCl2. DNA was denatured by heating at 950 for 15 min and rapidly cooling on ice. Nuclease Pi (Yamasa Shoyu Co., Ltd. Choshi, Japan), 1 mg/200 mg of nucleic acid, was added to the solution and incubated overnight at 400. The solution was deproteinized by shaking with an equal volume of CHCI3 and the two phases were separated by centrifugation at 700 X g for 10 min. Chromatography. AFB1 adducts were isolated by highpressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Micromeritics model 7000 chromatograph equipped with a Waters Associates model 440 detector (254 and 365 nm). The deproteinized hydrolysate was adjusted to 10% methanol and loaded directly onto a 0.8 X 60cm column packed with C18-Corasil B (Waters Associates) as described (16). The column was eluted at ambient temperature with 10% methanol at 3 ml/min until all material absorbing at 254 nm was removed. A 20-min gradient of 1080% methanol was then used to elute the less polar aflatoxincontaining material. Analytical chromatography was performed on a IABondapak C18 column (Waters Associates) eluted at 500 and 1.0 ml/min with 35% methanol/H20. Methylation of Adduct. Methylation of microgram amounts of aflatoxin-containing material was accomplished by modification of a method previously described (16). Approximately 1 Mig of material was mixed with 5 Ml of dimethyl sulfate in 100 Al of N,N-dimethylacetamide at room temperature for 6 hr. After evaporation to dryness overnight in vacuo, the sample was hydrolyzed with 50 MAl of 70% perchloric acid at 950 for 1 hr. The solution was neutralized with 3 M KOH and adjusted to pH 4.0 with 88% formic acid. After centrifugation, a portion of the sample was'analyzed by cation-exchange HPLC on a 25 X 0.22 cm Durrum DC-4A column eluted with 0.1 M ammonium formate, pH 4.1 at 0.4 ml/min and 630. Spectrometry. Field-desorption mass spectra were obtained on a Varian model 731 spectrometer using a combined fieldionization/field-desorption/electron-impact ion source. Samples dissolved in water/methanol mixtures were applied to the emitter with a microsyringe and air-dried. Oscillograph recording was initiated when ions were detected in the molecular ion region and then the magnetic field was scanned down while the emitter current was increased. Ultraviolet-visible spectra were taken in 0.1 M HCO and 0.1 M NaOH using a Beckman model 25 UV spectrometer. Quantitative Determinations. Quantitative determinations of the level of N7-Gua substitution in DNA were made using [3H]AFB1, specific activity 5 Ci/mmol (Moravek Biochemicals), diluted with unlabeled material to specific activity of 100 mCi/mmol. Doses (50 Al) of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg of AFB1 in dimethyl sulfoxide per kg were administered intraperitoneally to 140 g male Fischer rats. The DNA isolated from single rat livers was hydrolyzed and analyzed chromatographically as described above with the exceptions that the gradient elution phase was 40 min long and isocratic separation of peaks I and II was not performed; 3-ml fractions were collected through


Every maturity-dependent derivative contract entails a term structure. For example, when the value of the portfolio consisting of a long position in a stock and a short position in a vanilla option is expressed in units of its instantaneous exercise value, the resulting quantity defines a discount function. Thus, the derivative of the discount function with respect to the time left until maturity defines a term structure density function, and the "hazard rate" associated with the discount function determines the forward rates for the vanilla option portfolio. The dynamics associated with these quantities are obtained in the complete market setting. In particular, one can model vanilla options based on the associated forward rates. The formulation based on forward rates for options extends the approach based on modeling the implied volatility process. As an illustrative example, the initial term structure of the Black–Scholes model is considered. It is shown in this example that the implied volatility smile has the effect of making the option forward rates homogeneous across different strikes.


The Mackenzie Delta is a lake-rich region where the distribution and abundance of phytoplankton, macrophytes, and benthic algae among lakes may be controlled by an interaction between nutrient supply and sediment in the water column, and episodic reduction in light availability associated with river flooding. To simulate the effects of episodic river inflow on benthic algae, limnocorrals (depth = 3 m) were either not manipulated (control), or received high or low weekly additions of nutrients (N and P) and sediments, delivered as a pulse (1/wk: high-pulsed, low-pulsed) or distributed incrementally through each week (⅓ of high or low load × 3 d/wk: high-distributed, low-distributed) in a balanced triplicated design (15 limnocorrals). Artificial substrates, enriched to mimic the supply of nutrients at the sediment/water interface, were suspended in the limnocorrals at 2 m depth for 6 wk beginning in mid-July 1995. Maximum average levels of phytoplankton biomass (inferred from chlorophyll) occurred in the treatment where light attenuation was highest (high-distributed), and lowest levels occurred where light attenuation was lowest (control). By contrast, maximum average accrual of benthic algal biomass on the artificial substrates occurred in the control, whereas lowest accrual occurred in the high-distributed treatment. Chlorophyll content per unit biovolume of benthic algae increased modestly in treatments experiencing low light relative to treatments with higher light, but was insufficient to explain the 3-fold difference in inferred biomass between the control and high-distributed treatment in the case of benthic algae, or the 4-fold difference in the case of phytoplankton. Under equivalent in situ light conditions, areal net photosynthesis of benthic algae was highest in the control and lowest in the high-pulsed treatment. Net photosynthetic rate per unit benthic algal chlorophyll was not significantly different among the control and treatments. Last, biomass accrual rates among treatments showed a strong inverse relation with average light attenuation among the limnocorrals over the duration of the experiment. These results indicate that light availability was primarily responsible for maximum biomass accrual in the control and was the dominant factor affecting accrual rates among treatments. Overall, this study suggests that the abundance of benthic algae among Mackenzie Delta lakes may progressively increase as flood frequency decreases and light availability becomes greater, whereas phytoplankton abundance may peak in lakes with intermediate transparencies by responding to nutrient additions despite interruption of the light environment by suspended sediments.


Full-scale burning tests were carried out to study the effect of smoke controlling with mechanical smoke exhaust under big cabin fire.Based on the temperature distribution and steady smoke layer height in cabin,and by comparing the experimental data with the calculation results,the application ranges of three classical fire plume correlations were analyzed with mechanical smoke exhaust under big cabin fire.Results show,the calculation results of Heskestad model fitted the experimental data well under over 250 kW fire.Furthermore,by approaching the experimental data,Heskestad model was revised,and the semi-experiential correlation of the fan's flow rate for preventing smoke from spilling from cabin with the heat release rate and the steady smoke layer height was got.


Mobile phones or remotes for video games using gesture recognition technologies enable easy and intuitive operations such as scrolling browser and drawing objects. Gesture input has an advantage of rich expressive power over the conventional interfaces, but it is difficult to share the gesture trajectory with other people through writing or verbally. In this paper, we evaluate how user gestures change according to the types of the instruction. We obtained acceleration data for 10 kinds of gestures instructed through three types of texts, figures, and videos, totalling 44 patterns from 13 test subjects, for a total of 2,630 data samples.


were accessed. Results: A total of 13165 patients were identified, of which 1734 abandoned the treatment. The abandonment rate was 13% and showed a growing tendency from 2015 to 2018, but reduced after that period. Males and patients aged from 20 to 39 years old had a major propensity to an incomplete treatment (14%, 16%, respectively). Lower education level was also associated with higher abandonment rate (14%). There was a higher relative risk of incomplete treatment among patients with a history of alcoholism, tabagism and use of illegal drugs (RR: 1.88, 1.42, 2.29, respectively). Conclusion: This study showed a high abandonment rate of tuberculosis treatment between mentally ill patients and suggests that the consumption of psychoactive substances can reduce the treatment adherence. This association of risk factors can lead to increased bad outcomes. Therefore, greater efforts must be invested to keep these patients in therapy.


Findings presented herein are a part of a large international study of primary school final grade student achievement in mathematics and science (TIMSS 2003). Studies were also conducted on the degree of correlation between student family socioeconomic status, mathematical self-concept and achievement in mathematics. Pilot studies, whose findings are discussed comprised 112 seventh-grade students. "Family socioeconomic status" was defined by variables such as the number of family members, economically disadvantaged/affluent home, and parental educational status. "Mathematical self-concept" was defined as one of the more narrow domains of academic self-concept. "Achievement in mathematics" was measured by the test assessing two dimensions of knowledge of mathematics: content and cognitive skills. The analyses of partial correlations indicate that the most significant predictors of achievement in mathematics test are as follows mathematical self-concept, mother's educational status and some indicators of family socioeconomic status (access to the Internet, number of household members, number of books available at home). Concerning the correlation found between family characteristics and mathematical self-concept and achievement in mathematics, the developers of current changes in mathematics teaching should not disregard the findings of this study.


523 Background: Fc-dependent mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) may be important for the activity of MAbs. M is a MAb to HER2 engineered for increased Fc-domain binding affinity to both low affinity variants of the activating Fcγ receptor, CD16A. In preclinical studies, M showed enhanced ADCC compared to an unmodified precursor. Results from the initial dose escalation have previously been reported. Here we describe pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and activity data for the expansion cohort and an alternative schedule, including responses in patients with refractory breast cancer (BC). Methods: Pts with refractory carcinomas that overexpress HER2 for whom no standard therapy was available were enrolled. Pt cohorts received escalating doses of M weekly for 3 of every 4 weeks (Regimen A) or every 3 weeks (Regimen B) by intravenous infusion in a 3+3 (Regimen A) or 6+6 (Regimen B) design. Additional safety and activity data were obtained in expansion cohorts of each regimen. Tumor...


Abstract. We present new harmonized ozone time series from two ground-based microwave radiometers in Switzerland: GROMOS and SOMORA. Both instruments have measured hourly ozone profiles in the middle atmosphere (20–75 km) for more than 2 decades. As inconsistencies in long-term trends derived from these two instruments were detected, a harmonization project was initiated in 2019. The goal was to fully harmonize the data processing of GROMOS and SOMORA to better understand and possibly reduce the discrepancies between the two data records. The harmonization has been completed for the data from 2009 until 2022 and has been successful at reducing the differences observed between the two time series. It also explains the remaining differences between the two instruments and flags their respective anomalous measurement periods in order to adapt their consideration for future trend computations. We describe the harmonization and the resulting time series in detail. We also highlight the improvements in the ozone retrievals with respect to the previous data processing. In the stratosphere and lower mesosphere, the seasonal ozone relative differences between the two instruments are now within 10 % and show good correlation (R > 0.7) (except during summertime). We also perform a comparison of these new data series against measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer (SBUV) satellite instruments over Switzerland. Seasonal mean differences with MLS and SBUV are within 10 % in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere up to 60 km and increase rapidly above that point.


The paper studies the opportunities of blended learning as applied to generating and developing foreign grammatical competence of university students majoring in Economics in SPbPU. The integration of conventional full-time classroom language training and e-learning results in such benefits as increased flexibility and mobility, implementation of individual approach in learning, improved quality of education and its wider accessibility, better academic achievement and motivation of students, etc. The purpose of the research was to find the best methods for designing effective grammar modules of online component of General Foreign Language course. In the course of the experiments, the emphasis was made on the popular LMS Moodle platform and its potential in university foreign language teaching/learning. Practical grammar skills and assessment procedures were of our particular interest since we aim at introducing and maintaining user-friendly, accessible and effective educational frameworks in SPbPU. The paper describes the principles of developing grammatical skills in blended learning environment, the content and structure of grammar modules in online component of the course. The results of pilot training under blended learning in Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and trade (SPbPU) are provided.


Beer fermentation is the process of growing yeast anaerobically in a malt-based medium, ultimately resulting in alcohol and carbon dioxide production. In order to reduce the cost and waiting time, serial repitching has been practiced among microbrewers. The technique emphasizes transferring yeast from one batch of beer to the subsequent brewing cycles. It has been shown that aged yeast cultures have higher fermentation efficiency and shorter lag period, thereby resulting in shorter fermentation times, faster pH drop, and lower concentrations of unwanted products. Despite the advantages of serial repitching, one can only practice repitching for approximately 5-6 times with a good starting culture due to the decrease in brewing efficiency. In this study, we sought to further investigate the metabolic activity and morphological change of two brewer's yeast strains: London ale WLP013 and Czech Budejovice lager WLP802 throughout 8 batches of fermentation. At the end of each batch, samples were collected and subjected to YT plate and flow cytometry testing. Even though there was no significant difference in alcohol by volume throughout 8 batches, principle component analysis indicated that there were changes in metabolic potential after each batch of fermentation in the two brewer's yeast strain. Maltose, maltotriose and sucrose were common substrates correlated to these changes between strains. Czech Budejovice lager WLP802 exhibited a decrease in flocculation after eight batches, while London ale WLP013 remains at the same level of flocculation throughout eight cycles of fermentation. The findings in this study suggest that YT plate can be used as a platform to identify when brewer's yeast undergo a massive shift in metabolic potential.


Abstract Red-Yellow soils are widely developed on terraces and hilly lands in the south-western half of Japan. They do not show any evidence of bleaching in the lower part of the A horizon, and are characterized by an extremely strong acid reaction, and a very low base-status9). There are few studies on clay mineralogy of Red-Yellow soils in Japan. Egawa et al4). have reported on clay mineralogy of soils derived from the Pleistocene and the Tertiary sediments most of which may be regarded as Red-Yellow soils. Matsui and Kato10) have described clay minerals of Red-Yellow soils derived from the Pleistocene sediment in the environs of Shinjobara, Shizuoka Prefecture. These investigations indicated that clay minerals of Red-Yellow soils derived from the Pleistocene sediments consisted mainly of kaolin minerals, whereas those of Red-Yell ow soils derived from the Tertiary sediments were of the kaolin-illite association.


Consuming rice with low starch digestibility is beneficial for reducing the risk of diabetes. Several factors have been shown to influence starch digestibility, but the combined effects of these factors on starch digestibility have not been studied. We assessed multidimensional relationships between the glucose production rate (GPR) of cooked rice with 16 indexes, including physicochemical, pasting and textural properties in 30 rice varieties. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC) and pasting temperature (PT) were closely related to GPR. This relationship could be described by the equation: GPR = −0.080 AC + 0.008 GC + 0.034 PT + 0.720, with a determination coefficient of 0.84. The variation partitioning analysis further indicated that AC, GC and PT independently explained 36%, 5% and 4% of the GPR variation, respectively. The interaction of AC and GC explained 46% of the variation in GPR. This study identifies the key indexes (AC, GC and PT) affecting starch digestibility and quantifies contributions of these indexes to the variation in GPR. The finding of our study provides useful information for breeding and selecting rice varieties with low GPR.


PURPOSE
To find a reliable alternative flap with minimal donor site morbidity for anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) without suitable perforator.

METHODS
From December 2007 to February 2011, 2 of 64 patients underwent tongue and floor of mouth reconstruction with an anteromedial thigh flap with the initial intent of using an anterolateral thigh flap. One was a perforator flap and the size was 7cm×4cm , the other was a perforator-based chimeric flap including a slender of rectus femoris island and a 14cm×6cm skin paddle. Both of the AMT flap pedicles were medial branch of descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery (d-LCFA) and the pedicle length was 10 to 12cm.

RESULTS
The flaps survived completely and no complications occurred in recipient and donor sites. The two patients were followed up for 0.5 to 12 months. The functions of speech and swallow recovered well. The donor site was closed primarily and scar was not obvious. The leg's function recovered well.

CONCLUSION
AMT flap is a reliable alternative flap with minimal donor site morbidity when there is no suitable perforator in anterolateral thigh region.


Fashion clothing shops in Douala are increasing since 2010 and are not performing well. Thus, this study aims to investigate the determinants that can improve the qualityof fashion clothing shops in Douala which is the largest city of Cameroon.And market, marketing, human capital and business operations were taken as constructs' to influence that improvement of the quality among an age group from 18 to 46 and above. Out of the 225 questionnaires distributed, only 91 were valid for the final analysis, where the researcher had 59 females and 32 males, with respectively 64.8% and 35.2% showing finally that they strongly agree in preference of fashion clothing shops than online shopping. Thus the quality should be improved. However, hypothesis will be tested empirically for further


The title compound with a NASICON structure is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Li2CO3, Al2O3, Ge, and NH4H2PO4 (Pt crucible, 700 and 950 °C, 2 h each) and characterized by XRD, cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance, DC conductivity measurements, and battery tests.


SCHMIDT, D. Análise Elastoplástica com Não-Linearidade Geométrica de Estruturas Através de Elementos Hexaédricos Tri-Lineares com Um Ponto de Integração. 2006. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil) – Programa de PósGraduação em Engenharia Civil, UFRGS, Porto Alegre. The main purposes of this work are the formulation and application of a computational algorithm for the elastoplastic static analysis of structures, including finite displacements and rotations. An hexahedrical isoparametric finite element with eight nodes and one-point quadrature is used. Mechanisms to avoid hourglass modes as well as volumetric and shear locking are introduced. A corotational formulation is employed to deal with the geometrically nonlinear analysis, whereas an explicit algorithm (based in Euler's scheme) is implemented for the elastoplastic analysis. The applied constitutive models include the Mohr-Coulomb as well as the von Mises yield criterion with isotropic hardening. Numerical examples with highly nonlinear behavior are presented to demonstrate the range of applicability of the formulation.


Water resources management is an important issue in southern African countries. With respect to water quality problems, the understanding of the dynamics of integrated soil erosion processes in river basins is of crucial importance. This study is on the delineation of response units (RUs) in the Mkomazi River catchment (KwaZulu/Natal; South Africa). It was carried out within the framework of an interdisciplinary EU‐funded project aimed at developing an integrated water resources management system for water resources analyses and prognostic scenario planning in semi‐arid catchments of southern Africa. Within this more general framework, particular attention was focused on the identification of sediment source areas. For this purpose, the RUs concept was applied to delineate erosion RUs (ERUs). The ERUs were subsequently used to identify heterogeneously distributed areas within a river catchment characterized by specific hydrological and erosion dynamics and features. Therefore, they can be applied as modelling entities in physically based hydrological and erosion models. Spatially distributed input data from the catchment were derived by remote sensing techniques and geographical information systems analyses. Taking into account the high amount of sediments produced by gully erosion, not considered in USLE‐type models, special attention was focused on gully erosion using a dynamic gully erosion model. The example from southern Africa shows that the methods applied are able to identify areas affected by gully erosion. Furthermore, it was possible to estimate the entire amount of soil loss, including gully erosion. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of mono-ketone curcumin analogs as an inhibitor of α-amylase enzyme have been conducted. This research was initiated by synthesizing 3-benzyloxybenzaldehyde from 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde using benzyl chloride, potassium iodide, and potassium carbonate in dimethylformamide under reflux condition for an hour. Synthesis of monoketone curcumin analogs was performed through Claisen-Schmidt reaction by refluxing 3-benzyloxybenzaldehyde with acetone (analog A), cyclopentanone (analog B), and cyclohexanone (analog C) using potassium hydroxide 5% as a catalyst for an hour. The structures of the products were elucidated by FTIR, MS/MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. Mono-ketone curcumin analogs were evaluated for their activity assay towards inhibition of α-amylase enzyme. The inhibition type of mono-ketone curcumin analogs was also investigated. The inhibition results of monoketone curcumin analogs were compared to acarbose as a positive control. The results showed that 3-benzyloxybenzaldehyde and mono-ketone curcumin analogs (A, B, and C) yielded in 90.2, 89.7, 97.4, and 94.6%, respectively. The inhibitory activity of curcumin analog C was higher than the acarbose and other curcumin analogs (A and B). The inhibition types of mono-ketone curcumin analogs (A, B, and C) and acarbose were considered as uncompetitive inhibitors.


Transmission properties of cantilever probe are discussed in this paper. The transmission efficiency of the cantilever probe is measured. The cu rve of transmission efficiency versus coning angle is given. By the scalar wave equation and Gaussian approximation, transmission properties of this kind of fib er are analyzed and the power losses caused by the binding are also calculated. Fro m the experiments and analysis, it could be come to the conclusion that the bigg er the taper angle, the higher the transmission efficiency.


The cosine square wave voltage of 0.1Hz is widely used in the power cable withstand voltage test due to the small test capacity requirement. Water tree is an important factor leading to cable insulation failure. Its growth is sensitive to voltage frequency. The higher the voltage frequency, the faster the growth. Whether the water tree defect in the cable can be found in the withstand voltage test under the cosine square wave voltage of 0.1Hz has not been reported at present. Therefore, based on the models and methods recommended by CIGRE, under the action of 10kHz high-frequency high-voltage power supply, XLPE flake defect models with different water tree lengths were prepared. The water tree length proportion for about 30% of the XLPE tablet thickness, 60 % And 90%. Under the effect of 3U0 equivalent field strength, the breakdown characteristics of water trees under the effect of 0.1Hz cosine square wave voltage were measured, including breakdown voltage, breakdown time, and channel topography characteristics. The research results show that the 3U0 equivalent field strength 0.1Hz cosine square wave voltage withstand voltage test can find of 90% water tree length proportion insulation defects, but has no obvious effect on 30% and 60% water tree length proportion defects.


The remarkable revival of interest in Shakespeare's plays at about the time of the Exclusion crisis has not gone unobserved, but it is perhaps time to take another look at it. As Christopher Spencer has written, "During the fifty-two months from December, 1677, to March, 1682, eight plays based upon Shakespeare were performed for the first time since before the Civil War; and Romeo and Juliet and King Lear, which had appeared previously but without much success, were revived in new and successful adaptations."' All ten of these plays were historical or pseudo-historical in their settings and all were tragedies except D'Urfey's reworking of Cymbeline. The reason for this renewed interest, Spencer believes, is that serious playwrights were moving from heroic drama to something more realistic and had come to prefer blank verse to the heroic couplet. Finally he notes that the theater became increasingly political after 1677 and argues that Shakespeare's history plays and tragedies offered a realism "strikingly in contrast with the fantasy of the heroic plays"-a realism that could readily be made to comment on political affairs. One demurs at the implication that heroic drama is potentially less political, because all Dryden's heroic plays have at least a general political application,2 but Spencer may be right to say that what was appealing in Shakespeare was his "strong sense of order, loyalty, obedience, and the dangers of Civil War."3 I think, however, that we can be more specific about the attraction to Shakespeare and can even suggest tentatively why these particular plays should have been adapted: Antony and Cleopatra, Timon of Athens, Troilus and Cressida, Romeo and Juliet, the three parts of Henry VI, Richard II, Coriolanus, and King Lear. One feature they have in common is banishment or exclusion, although several other plays at this time are equally concerned with the subject. We should remember that the Exclusion bills introduced in the House of Commons, the first of them in May 1679, prescribed the permanent banishment of the duke of York who, if he ever returned to England, would be subject to the penalties for high treason. Exclusion was literally banishment, and vice versa, so any dramatic representation of banishment in this period was almost certainly applied to the political nation. For example, Nahum Tate's The History of King Lear (1681) begins with the immediate exclusion of Edgar from his father's affections ("I discard him here from my Possessions, / Divorce him from my Heart, my Blood, and Name"), continues with Lear's denunciation of Cordelia ("I here disclaim all my paternal Care, / And from this Minute hold thee as a Stranger"), and is followed by the banishment of Kent ("We banish thee for ever from our Sight / And Kingdom"). All three actions occur within the first hundred and seventy-five lines. The audience in 1681 would


The present study was conducted to explore the efficacy of using a free posterior tibial artery perforator flap (FPTAPF) for trachea reconstruction after resection of well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) invading the trachea.


Hunter was an influential figure who built up large natural history collections, amongst which minerals predominated. He was not a mere collector, however, and both his library and collections were sought out by contemporary workers.Analytical mineralogy only emerged from its alchemical background towards the end of Hunter's lifetime, and his library contains most of this early mineralogical literature, to some of which at least he was a subscriber. He also possessed a number of lapidaries, one of them a unique manuscript, and several specimens indicate his interest in medical mineralogy. The contents of Hunter's mineral and rock collections reflect the interests of his day: there is a piece of the Siberian iron mass which was only accepted as a meteorite in 1794, after Hunter's death, and lavas from Vesuvius, together with his subscription copy of Hamilton's classic 1776 study of that volcano. Lavas from Iceland - perhaps from Sir Joseph Banks - reflect the Plutonist - Neptunist debate, and Hunter's muse...


Disasters have the greatest impact on the most vulnerable groups, especially the age group of children, where in this situation both in the community and in the scope of the children's clinic, there is worrying anxiety pressure. So that appropriate therapeutic interventions are needed in dealing with these problems through play therapy strategies that can help reduce children's anxiety. This study aims to examine the literature related to play therapy that health workers can do in dealing with anxiety in children. The process of searching for articles for the preparation of this literature review used the PICO search strategy regarding the types of play therapy that can be used to address children's anxiety in clinical settings where the search was carried out using four databases including Ebsco, Sage, Sciencedirect, and ProQuest. From 541 articles from four search databases, two articles were finally selected to be used in this literature study. Where therapy is involved in the form of puzzle games and therapy presents pets. Through play therapy strategies using various media such as puzzles and presenting pet visits to be a solution for children to help reduce their anxiety.


Hittorf suggested the transience as fraction of current carried by each type of ion. In this note it appears that there is but one species that carries all the current through the electrolyte even when a membrane is used to separate the anode and cathode compartments. This carrier is produced at one electrode and consumed at the other. Such a finding explains why there is a disagreement between different methods to determine transference (transport) numbers.


Monroe Berkowitz-the Dean of economists in the field of disability policy-and his colleague M. Anne Hill have edited a very good collection of papers on the interaction of labor market policies and policies targeted on disabled workers. The papers were first presented at an April 1985 conference. Although the book is not free of the unevenness characteristic of conference volumes, the papers in it have clearly been polished in response to discussants' comments and carefully edited. In addition, the editors include a helpful overview essay. The primary purpose of the volume is to elaborate the "economic model" of disability and to propose research consistent with that model. Emphasized by the economic model are the important roles of economic incentives, human capital, and demographic and socioeconomic variables in explaining the several aspects of labor market performance affecting working-age people with disabilities. Four broad subjects are covered by the papers: (1) Social Security Disability Insurance and workers' compensation policies and their effects on the supply of and the demand for the labor services of impaired workers; (2) the potential of public programs designed to efficiently increase the job opportunities of disabled workers (including an evaluation of the costs of displacing able-bodied workers that are appropriately charged to such programs); (3) the economic effects of regulations designed to reduce barriers to the employment of impaired workers (the "accommodation" and "discrimination" issues); and (4) the lessons for U.S. disability policy of the efforts by the western European welfare states to deal with both income support and employment policies targeted on the disabled. The papers are a mix of 'review and critique" essays, policy analysis, and new research, but nearly all of them attempt both to draw the lessons of what is learned (or known) for policy and to identify research priorities. As in most conference volumes, some papers are gems, moving the field along or bringing to light important research findings. In this book, my favorites are papers by Carolyn Weaver, Jonathan Leonard, John Worrall and Richard Butler, and Robert S. Smith. Weaver's policy analysis essay examines the Social Security Disability Insurance program using an insurance model. In this framework, a wide variety of issues are encountered-moral hazard, adverse selection, measurement of the degree of disablement, disincentives for work, and administrative control in a public supply context. Weaver convincingly demonstrates that the most important problems confronted by existing social legislation arise largely because both Congress and the program's administrators fail to consider the program from an insurance perspective. Leonard reviews the rapid decline in the labor force participation rates of older men and the large number of studies that have attempted to identify the causal role of public disability-related transfers. Leonard effectively explicates and critiques several econometric studies on this subject, and also calculates and compares the various elasticities yielded by those studies (an analysis that could have been enhanced by somewhat more guidance on the relative "believability" of the various estimates). Although the estimates have a wide range, they all point to rather sizable labor supply reductions attributable to the generosity of expected benefits relative to labor market income. Leonard concludes that the growth of benefits relative to potential earnings "can explain nearly half of the puzzling decline in labor force participatioon rates" (p. 84). My own reading of that literature, with adjustments for the relative strengths of the various studies, suggests that the impact Leonard ascribes to rising benefits is at the upper limit of plausible estimates. Worrall and Butler do much the same for the workers' compensation program as Leonard does for disability insurance. Claim filing, the duration of nonwork spells, and probably risk-taking and injuries all appear to be sensitive to the level of expected benefits. The studies Worrall and Butler examine appear to be weaker methodologically than those reviewed by Leonard; again, however, the reader


We describe the infinite dihedral group as automaton group. We col-lect basic results and give full proofs in details for all statements.


Short duration precipitation extremes can lead to severe flash flooding and destructive landslides. Yet many gaps remain in our understanding of these acute precipitation events, partly due to the lack of accessible and high quality sub-daily observational datasets available to researchers. To address this problem, the INTENSE project (leading the GEWEX Hydroclimatology Panel Cross-Cutting Project on Sub-Daily Extremes) has coordinated a major international effort to collate sub-daily precipitation observations from around the world. The resulting Global Sub-Daily Rainfall (GSDR) dataset contains hourly precipitation records from over 20,000 gauges globally. The quality of the raw data underpinning the GSDR dataset is variable, so an automated and wide-ranging quality control procedure has been developed and applied to the records. To facilitate research and other applications of the dataset, we have defined and calculated a novel set of sub-daily precipitation indices. These indices complement and extend the ETCCDI daily precipitation indices by characterising key aspects of shorter duration precipitation variability, including intensity, duration and frequency properties. Project partners and other collaborators continue to augment the resulting indices database by performing the calculations on their own observations and sharing these with the INTENSE project, with new contributors always welcome. This combined effort has led to an extensive observation-based climatology of various sub-daily precipitation characteristics (including extremes) across large parts of the world. These indices will be publicly available for as many gauges as possible, alongside a gridded dataset that also incorporates indices calculated for additional restricted-access gauge records.


Most of the parasitic diseases are significantly important in the aspect of economic as well as public health. This retrospective study aims to investigate and provide data on the prevalence, epidemiological pattern and zoonotic impact of helminth parasites in animals slaughtered at industrial abattoir in Ilam Province, Western Iran. In this present study, a total of 27242 indigenous animals including 17055 sheep, 5703 goats, and 4484 cattle were analyzed. 27242 animals were slaughtered at the abattoir, hydatid cysts were observed in 2.38 percent (650 cases including 328 sheep, 94 goats and 228 cattle) in liver and 2.76 percent (753 cases including 396 sheep, 99 goats and 258 cattle) in the lungs. Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum was recorded in 0.98 percent (267 cases including 98 sheep, 28 goats and 141 cattle) and 0.44 percent (120 cases including 88 sheep, 28 goats, and 4 cattle), respectively. Eighty cases (0.29%) were infected with Cysticercus. This present parasitic investigation concluded that the prevalence of parasites were high in Ilam Province abattoir, which causes economic losses to the nation resulting from the loss of livestock and their products. Further, human beings are more prone to infection from infected food animals.


Issues concerning papal primacy occupy a significant place in recent theologial literature. Ecumenical dialogues have addressed the challenge implied by the oft-cited lament of Pope Paul VI, "The Pope . . . is undoubtedly the most serious obstacle on the path of ecumenism," and have found, as Karl Lehmann notes, that the relative lack of qualification and nuance in official Catholic doctrine on papal jurisdiction tends to make primacy a more intractable topic than infallibility in their effort to reach consensus on different aspects of the papal office. Even apart from explicitly ecumenical contexts, varying understandings of papal primacy are a major factor in the recent intra-Catholic debate on the theological status and proper canonical role of such church structures as national and regional episcopal conferences. In an effort to provide background for discussion of these issues, this paper seeks to present major elements of the treatment of papal primacy on the part of contemporary Roman Catholic theologians. Several limitations should be noted from the outset. In view of the nature of the issue, the complexity of the discussion, and the abundance of literature, no examination of infallibility has been attempted. Even with regard to primacy, the paper makes no claim to be exhaustive; yet enough authors have been studied to convey a picture of the range of current Catholic


We derive a sampling expansion for bandlimited signals with polynomial growth on the real axis. The sampling expansion uses nonuniformly spaced sampling points. But unlike other known sampling expansions for such signals, ours converge uniformly to the signal on any compact set. An estimate of the truncation error of such a series is also obtained.


AIM To establish the method of continuous measuring extracellular Acetylcholine and Choline levels in[FQ(10*2。46,X-WZ]-striatum of freely moving awake rats. METHODS The microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-post column Immobilized enzyme reactor(IMER)-electrochemical detection(ED) were used to continuously measure extracellular acetylcholine and choline levels in striatum of freely moving awake rats. RESULTS Extracellular acetylcholine and choline levels were higher at the beginning of perfusion, then decreased gradually. The ACh concentration reached a stable level after 240 min while the Ch continuously decreased in the whole perfusion period of 450 min. The detection limit for ACh and Ch, at a S/N ratio of three, was found to be 150 fmol per injection. In the range of 0.125~1.0 μmol·L -1 , the relation between the amounts and the peak amplitude was linear. CONCLUSION HPLC-IMER-ED is a sensitive and stable method to measure the ACh and Ch. Coupled with microdialysis, it can been successfully used for monitoring the extracellular ACh and Ch levels of freely moving awake rats. -


. with the improvement of computer science and technology, modern fashion design has become the product of the combination of designers, computer application and art design. 3D CAD design based on virtual technology has become a technical means and is widely used in the field of fashion. This paper mainly studies how to apply virtual technology to 3D CAD Hanfu design. Starting from the principle of garment CAD, this topic first introduces the function and application method of 3D virtual design LookStailor X, the establishment of 3D human model, the establishment of garment model, style line drawing, the conversion from 3D garment piece to 2D garment piece, etc. Then, the virtual design of Hanfu is carried out through parametric 3D human modeling, 3D garment generation and physical simulation. Finally, through the actual research, this paper compares and analyzes the clothing under the three modes, demonstrates the advantages of 3D virtual clothing design with specific research figures, and predicts the market prospect and economic contribution of 3D virtual clothing design.


When cooled, a homeothermic animal passes through several physiological states.' After the first hypermetabolic state, the metabolic rate of the cooled homeotherm gradually decreases and the lethargic state appears. Lethargic hypothermia has been studied in most cases in nonhibernators in which hypothermia has been induced for short periods of time. In this work, lelhargic hypothermia was induced (1) in a nonhibernator, the rat, which was maintained a t a constant low body temperature for several hours; and ( 2 ) in a hibernator, the ground squirrel, also artificially cooled and maintained in a lethargic state for several days. Oxygen consumptions during prolonged lethargic hypothermia, limits of lethargic states, and survival times of these two different homeotherms when cooled have been compared. An attempt to prolong the survival in cooled, lethargic animals also was made. The aims of those experiments were to demonstrate that animals cannot recover from severe hypothermia after a period, even though they are breathing, and to distinguish effects of hibernation from those of artificial cooling in the same species. Procedure


Dear Editors We read with great interest the recent publication by Lee et al., in which the important paper by Lovell et al. is presented as the first report of activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) selective for individual KLKs in a complex biological context. Fairly, at the exact same time when the manuscript by Lovell et al. appeared, a novel KLK7-specific phosphonate activity-based probe (ABP) was reported, which could discriminate KLK7 from other active KLKs. That ABP was used to quantify the active KLK7 in situ, specifically, in the epidermis, in a pathological setting in which multiple KLK proteases are active and functionally implicated in disease. The KLK7-ABP was also modified to a quenched ABP (qABP) to enable monitoring of KLK7 activity in vivo. Notably, the KLK7-ABP rescued major disease hallmarks, when applied onto the epidermis of Spink5Klk5 mice. Spink5 mice represent an established preclinical model that recapitulates the overdesquamating and inflammatory skin disease named Netherton syndrome, a rare ichthyosis caused by inactivating mutations in SPINK5 encoding the LEKTI inhibitor of serine proteases. It is well established that LEKTI deficiency causes unopposed (disease causative) proteolytic activities in the epidermis. In Spink5Klk5, Klk5 was genetically ablated on the Netherton background to provide proof of concept for drugging the KLK5 activity for pharmacotherapy of Netherton syndrome and, potentially, other diseases like atopic dermatitis. The Spink5Klk5 model proved that KLK5 represents a novel drug target. Nevertheless, inhibition of KLK5 is not sufficient for permanent rescue/therapy of this very severe (potentially lethal) disease, since delayed inflammation develops soon in these mice due to KLK7 activity. This was also revealed by the fact that inhibition with the KLK7-ABP attenuates inflammation. Thus, additional targeting of inflammation is required in Spink5Klk5 with either KLK7 inhibitors or anti-TNFα biologics. Overall, these studies have provided a strong rational for drugging the KLK family and set the grounds for pharmaceutical development of the recently described boronate inhibitor for KLK5. For the first time, use of the KLK7-ABP (in combination with genetic knockout) allowed validation of the given KLK7 activity as a drug target in a well-established disease context in vivo and provided preclinical proof of concept for using ABPs targeting the KLKs as theranostics, namely dually exploitable for disease diagnosis and treatment. Previously, ABPs for cathepsins were used as theranostics and cancer imaging tools by the group of Galia Blum. Beyond these studies that established KLKs as druggable targets in skin pathologies, targeting KLKs for treatment of prostate cancer was the subject of studies performed more than a decade ago. Specifically, the prostate proteases KLK2 and KLK3 were exploited for activation of anticancer prodrugs developed for treatment of prostate cancer. Drugging KLKs for prostate cancer, for example, resulted in a boronic acidbased inhibitor of KLK3, while KLKs have been clinically tested by various approaches, and there have been success stories in this respect, PROSTVAC (an active immunotherapy vaccine that contains KLK3/PSA) being one such example. In contrast to the Lee et al. KLKs are druggable. Following mapping of the KLK gene cluster in 2000, extensive knowledge was accumulated on the abundance of immunoreactive KLKs in normal and cancer-related settings, revealing these enzymes as potential biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for cancer but also other diseases, including viral infections of high current interest. This triggered attempts to quantify the active forms of KLK proteases in biological and clinical samples. Coordinated dysregulation of specific KLKs in disease states (including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration) suggested that multiple KLK enzymes could interplay in the mode of "proteolytic cascades," which could also crosstalk with proteases of differing specificities. It was proposed that specific regulatory KLK cascades could be functionally implicated in (patho)physiology in certain tissues like the skin and the prostate. Of note, a proteolytic cascade pathway involving KLK5 (and putatively other KLK proteases) was proposed to be implicated in prostate physiology (i.e., seminal clot liquefaction) and prostate cancer progression, originally by Michael et al., more than 15 years ago. In fact, the prime attempt to quantify the proportion of enzymatically active KLK6 relative to total immunoreactive KLK6 was in 2008, by Oikonomopoulou et al., who developed an ELISA using an ABP that targets trypsin-like serine proteases,


Asthma affects a considerable amount of people worldwide from pediatric to elderly age group. This communication addresses the association between the seasonality of asthma in South and Central Florida with the occurrence of Upper Respiratory Track Infections (URTIs). Motivated by a statistical analysis of the Emergency Department visits due to both, asthma as the primary diagnosis and URTIs excluding asthma for eight consecutive years, a compartmental model, that extends the SEIR model is analyzed and contrasted with health data. It is hypothesized that asthma seasonality is likely to be associated with the thermal stress generated during the process of respiration in winter months, predisposing the lining of the epithelial cells due to the lack of humidity along the respiratory tract. Such a situation exposes the body to infections and exacerbates the response of the immune system accordingly. At the end, an inflammatory process results and asthma develops.


Background: The enzyme that catalyzes O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation represses gene expression. Results: Overexpression of this enzyme enhances gene repression by the glucocorticoid receptor whereas knockdown has an opposite effect. Conclusion: O-GlcNAc transferase interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor to repress gene expression. Significance: The discovery of a novel component of cortisol-induced gene repression enhances our understanding of hormone signaling and provides an attractive target for drug design. Recruitment of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) to promoters plays an important role in gene repression. Glucocorticoid signaling represses the transcriptional activities of NF-κB and AP-1 through direct binding, yet the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here we report that OGT is an important component of GR-mediated transrepression. OGT associates with ligand-bound GR in a multi-protein repression complex. Overexpression of OGT potentiates the GR transrepression pathway, whereas depletion of endogenous OGT by RNA interference abolishes the repression. The recruitment of OGT by GR leads to increased O-GlcNAcylation and decreased phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II on target genes. Functionally, overexpression of OGT enhances glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in resistant cell lines while knockdown of OGT prevents sensitive cell lines from apoptosis. These studies identify a molecular mechanism of GR transrepression, and highlight the function of O-GlcNAc in hormone signaling.


Onsite Wastewater Systems (OWS) serve approximately one-third of all households in Florida. The relative impact of OWS on total nitrogen loading varies from watershed to watershed with estimates ranging from below five to more than 20 percent. Regardless of the source, excessive nitrogen has negative effects on public health and the environment. There is widespread interest in the management of OWS and the nitrogen impacts in Florida and the nation. For these reasons, the State initiated the Florida Onsite Sewage Nitrogen Reduction Strategies (FOSNRS) Project. As part of the FOSNRS project, passive nitrogen reduction systems (PNRS) were developed, pilot tested, and evaluated at single family homes. Because of the flat topography common to the state, the definition of "passive" included the use of up to 1 pump as the only mechanical input to the system. The goal of these systems is to reduce nitrogen inputs to watersheds where OWS have been identified as a significant source of nitrogen. Results from three full scale in-tank PNRS installed at single family residences are presented here. The PNRS utilize a two-stage passive biofiltration concept treating septic tank effluent (STE). The first stage provides ammonification and nitrification via a porous media biofilter. The second stage provides denitrification via an anoxic biofilter with reactive media. The various system hydraulic designs included a gravity system and incorporation of recirculation of the Stage 1 effluent. The systems were monitored over an 18 month period, receiving STE with an average total nitrogen concentration ranging from 50.5 to 75.0 mg N/L. The treated effluent average total nitrogen concentration ranged from 1.8 to 7.4 mg/L, with an average reduction in total nitrogen ranging from 89% to 98% prior to subsurface dispersal. These results suggest the potential to significantly reduce N input to sensitive watersheds from OWS. BACKGROUND In 2008, the Florida legislature passed Specific Appropriation 1682, requiring FDOH to develop cost-effective, passive strategies for nitrogen reduction that complement the use of conventional OWS. For the purposes of this study, passive systems were defined as treatment technologies that utilize no more than one pump, no aerators or blowers, and a reactive media for denitrification. Reactive media were defined as supplemental materials that would act as electron donors in the passive denitrification process. The FOSNRS project began in 2009 starting with an evaluation of nitrogen reduction options for OWS, followed by the development and testing of pilotscale passive nitrogen reduction systems (Hazen and Sawyer and AET, 2014). Previous studies had indicated that a two-stage biofiltration process was effective for nitrogen reductions from OWS (Rich, 2007; Smith, Otis, and Flint, 2008; Smith, 2009a; Smith, 2009b; Smith, 2011). Additionally, lignocellulosic based media (Robertson and Cherry, 1995; Long, 1995; Robertson, Blowes et al., 2000; Schipper and Vodvodic-Vukovic, 2001; Dupuis, Rowland et al., 2002; Loomis, Dow et al., 2004; Robertson, Ford et al., 2005; EPA, 2007; Rich, 2007; Vallino and


This study aims to analyze the working conditions, income and social security levels, work accident or occupational disease and working motivation of dentists during the Covid-19 Pandemic. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with 21 dentists working in Istanbul during the Pandemic, using semi-structured interview technique. 38% of the participants say that they work compulsorily during the pandemic process, and 33.3% say that their motivation to work is to earn income. According to 66.6% of the participants, the most difficult part of working during the pandemic is wearing a mask and visor. 71.5% of the participants have mental problems due to the anxiety of infecting their relatives. 38% of the participants state that they are ostracized by their friends or relatives because of the risk of infecting others. 19% of the participants were exposed to discrimination by their managers because they took unpaid leave during the Covid-19 Pandemic.


The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) defines high-alert medications as "drugs that bear a heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when used in error. Although mistakes may or may not be more common with these drugs, the consequences of an error are clearly more


This paper presents a decentralized method for people tracking with multiple 2D laser range sensors (LRSs) allocated in environments. Moving people which are detected from laser images with the LRSs are tracked based on Kalman filter, the assignment algorithm and Covariance Intersection method. A rule based on track management system is embedded into the tracking system in order to improve the tracking performance. The experimental results of people tracking validate this proposed method.


Although the new European Directive 2004/104/EC as well as a First Draft of a European Standard drawn by CENELEG technical committee 210, working group 8 do not specify any immunity testing against high-energy Load Dump pulses this kind of tests is widely known in both international standards (e.g. ISO 7637-2:2004, SAE J1113 etc.) as well as in most specifications of car manufacturers world wide. Some test requirements still consider the Load Dump test as a transient immunity test while others rather see it as a phenomenon being related to battery voltage simulation. Tendencies show that the Load Dump test is separated from electrical fast transients and microsecond pulses and joined with battery voltage phenomenon like cranking, short interruptions etc. This could be considered as one of the reasons that some test requirements ask to simulate the Load Dump pulse by means of a programmable dc amplifier while others prefer the pulse generation being based on an energy storage capacitor that is discharged into a passive pulse forming network. This paper will introduce the physical background of the Load Dump pulse and show measuring results of the real phenomenon found in a vehicle. Based on this the two methods of generating Load Dump pulses will be explained followed by a comparison of the waveforms achieved under different load conditions. Finally, an overview will be given about the method being applicable as per the various standards and requirements. The Origin of the Load Dump Pulse Looking at the description of the phenomenon Load Dump we find the following physical background in ISO 7637-2:2004: Test Pulses 5a and 5b This test is a simulation of a load dump transient, occurring in the event of a discharged battery being disconnected while the alternator is generating charging current and with other loads remaining on the alternator circuit at this moment. The amplitude of the pulse depends on the alternator speed and on the level of the alternator field excitation at the moment the battery is disconnected. The pulse duration depends essentially on the time constant of the field excitation circuit and on the pulse amplitude. Possible reasons for the disconnection of the battery as described above are: cable corrosion poor or loose connection intentional disconnection with the engine running Load Dump Phenomenon Roland Spriessler et al. Automotive EMC Conference 2006 Page 2 3 March 2006 The following general considerations of the dynamic behaviour of an alternator during load dump apply: a) The internal resistance of an alternator, in the case of load dump, is mainly a function of alternator rotational speed and excitation current. b) The internal resistance Ri of the load dump test pulse generator shall be obtained from the following relationship: 10 x Unom x Nact Ri = 0.8 x Irat x 12,000 min where Unom is the specified voltage of the alternator Irat is the specified current at an alternator speed of 6,000min (as given in ISO 8854) Nact is the actual alternator speed, in reciprocal minutes c) The pulse is determined by the peak voltage Us, the calmpe voltage Us*, the internal resistor Ri and the pulse duration td. In all cases, small values of Us are correlated with small values of Ri and td while high values of Us correlate with high values of Ri and td. Definition of the Load Dump test pulses as per ISO 7637 The test pulses 5a and 5b are specified as follows: Figure 1 : Definition of the Load Dump test pulse 5a Load Dump Phenomenon Roland Spriessler et al. Automotive EMC Conference 2006 Page 3 3 March 2006 Figure 2 : Definition of the Load Dump test pulse 5b In Annex E of ISO 7637-2:2004 it is further specified that the used transient generator shall generate pulse with a double exponential decay. Load Dump Phenomenon Roland Spriessler et al. Automotive EMC Conference 2006 Page 4 3 March 2006 Measurements of Real Load Dump pulses The following measuring results show results taken on an alternator with different loads connected Figure 3 : Load Dump pulse measured under no load condition Figure 4 : Load Dump pulse measured with 4Ω load Figure 5 : Load Dump pulse measured with 0.5Ω load The above figures (figures 3 to 5) show measuring results taken from real alternators equipped with a suppressor network in order to limit the amplitude of the pulse. What the waveforms show as well is that the pulse duration varies considerably depending on the load condition. While the pulses under no load condition and with a load of 4ohm are quite similar (figures 3 and 4) the pulse is much shorter when the alternator is loaded with 0.5ohm. Another characteristic of the measured pulses is the fact that the pulse decay follows a doubleexponential curve until it reaches the supply voltage (in our case the supply voltage is 12V). Load Dump Phenomenon Roland Spriessler et al. Automotive EMC Conference 2006 Page 5 3 March 2006 Methods of Test Pulse Generation Looking at commercially available test equipment for the generation of Load Dump pulses we can find two different methods how such pulses are generated. Generators based on a LCR circuit The first method is the classic way of generating transients using an energy storage capacitor that is discharged across a passive pulse-forming network. Figure 6 illustrates the basic circuitry. The energy storage capacitor CS is charged from a DC supply. When charged the switch S connects the energy storage capacitor to the pulse-forming network and the stored energy generates a transient pulse with a waveform defined by the components of the pulse-forming network L, Ri, R1 and RL. Figure 6: General circuit diagram of a classic transient generator Generator based on a programmable DC amplifier The second method of generating load dump pulses is based on a DC amplifier. The corresponding general circuit diagram is shown in figure 7. Figure 7: General circuit diagram on a DC amplifier based transient generator As illustrated in figure 7 the output waveform follows waveform that is connected to the input of the amplifier and will remain unchanged as long as the stored energy of the energy storage capacitor CZw is sufficient. Hence the generated waveform is more or less independent from the connected load RL. Both methods are used in the standards and are considered to be a valid solution for pulse generation. ISO 7637-2:2004 and all manufacturer standards referring or related to this document require the use of a transient generator with an energy storage capacitor discharging across a passive pulse-forming network (as per Annex E of ISO 7637-2:2004). Other manufacturer standards, not making reference to ISO 7637-2:2004, use DC amplifier based load dump generators. It is up to the user to determine which type of generator to be used for the different test application. Load Dump Phenomenon Roland Spriessler et al. Automotive EMC Conference 2006 Page 6 3 March 2006 Overview about standard pulses vs. generation method used The following table of standards (not complete) gives an overview about the type of load dump generators used: Standard follows ISO 7637-2:2004 doesn't follow ISO 7637-2:2004 Chrysler PF-10540 X Ford ES-XW7T-AC X GMW 3097 X Renault 36.00.808/G, Pulse 5a X Renault 36.00.808/G, Pulse 5b X Mitsubishi X BMW GS 95002 X Fiat 9.90110 X Peugeot PSA B21 7110 X VW TL 82066 X DC 10615 X Volvo X The following highlights some typical waveform and pulse specifications. As a first example we will introduce the load dump generation as per GMW 3097 (02.2004). The second example being shown is the Peugeot PSA B21 7110 (B) for the 42V supply system. GMW 3097 (02.2004) referring to ISO 7637-2:2004 GMW 3097 (02.2004) refers to ISO 7637-2:2004 for the Load Dump test pulse 5b (suppressed load dump pulse and specify the following: Remove the suppression network and verify that the open circuit unsuppressed load dump voltage waveform meets the specifications of Table 20. (figure 8). Connect the suppression network and verify that the open circuit suppressed voltage waveform meets the specifications of Table 20. (figure 8) Connect the 2Ω load and verify that the suppressed loaded open circuit voltage waveform meets the specifications of Table 21. (figure 9) Replace the 2Ω load with the DUT and start the test. Figure 8: Specification of the open circuit Load Dump pulse as per GMW 3097 (02.2004) Figure 9: Specification of the 2ohm loaded Load Dump pulse as per GMW 3097 (02.2004) Load Dump Phenomenon Roland Spriessler et al. Automotive EMC Conference 2006 Page 7 3 March 2006 The following measurements illustrate how the pulses look like. Figure 10 shows the waveforms measured directly at the output of the generator while the waveforms shown in figure 11 are recorded at the end of 1.5m harness with no change to the generator setting. Figure 10: Measurements according to GMW 3097 (02.2004) requirements taken from the generator output Figure 11: Measurements according to GMW 3097 (02.2004) requirements taken from the end of a 1.5m harness When comparing the waveforms of figures 10 and 11 we recognise that the related waveforms are almost equal despite of the fact that a harness is connected. But what we can clearly determine from these measurements is the difference between open circuit and loaded condition due to the fact that the pulse generation is based on an energy storage capacitor being discharged across a passive pulse-forming network. o c open clam clamped/ Load Dump Phenomenon Roland Spriessler et al. Automotive EMC Conference 2006 Page 8 3 March 2006 Peugeot PSA B21 7110(B) for 42V supply systems Figure 12 gives the specification of test pulse 5b as per the above standard (Impulsion 5b). Figure 12: Specification of the Peugeot PSA B21 7110(B) for 42V supply system This is a typical waveform specification that requires an equipment based on a programmable DC amplifier to generate. There is no way to generate such a waveform with a traditional transient generator using an energy storage capac


Metal catalysts such as Fe, Co, Mn, and Pd supported on the activated carbon (AC) were prepared to improve functional groups for the chemical adsorption and catalytic ozonation. Following ascending orders of the phenol decomposition rate, dissolved ozone decomposition ratio and TOC (total organic carbon) removal from experimental results of advanced oxidation process (AOP) were observed: Fe-AC < AC < Co-AC < Mn-AC < Pd-AC. BET analysis results showed that the physical properties of the metal impregnated activated carbon had no effect on the catalytic ozonation, and the catalytic effect was dependent on the kind of impregnated metal. The ratio of the formed concentration of OH radical to that of ozone (RCT) was measured by using the decomposition outcome of p-chlorobenzoic acid, a probe compound that reacts rapidly with OH radical but slowly with ozone. The measured values of RCT were 5.48 × 10 and 1.47 × 10 for the ozone alone and activated carbon processes, respectively, and 2.13 × 10, 1.51 × 10, 4.77 × 10, and 5.58 × 10 for Fe-AC, Co-AC, Mn-AC, and Pd-AC processes, respectively.


Glaucoma drainage devices are currently used to manage high-risk, complicated, adult and pediatric glaucoma when standard filtration surgery with an antimetabolite is unsuccessful. The drainage device consists of a plate and a tube. The tube is directly implanted either into the anterior chamber or through the pars plana in eyes undergoing vitrectomy. Tube coverage is imperative to prevent conjunctival erosion, which would lead to tube exposure and pose a risk for the development of endophthalmitis. Sclera, dura, fascia lata, and pericardium have been employed to cover the tube and fistula sites. Raviv et al recently published safety data in a study of 44 patients (44 eyes) who have had a pericardial patch graft placed to cover a glaucoma drainage device. In their retrospective study, they reported 5 cases of asymptomatic thinning of the pericardial patch graft without evidence of tube erosion. No cases of infection were reported. The mean ± SD follow-up was 10.2 ± 4.0 months. Herein, we report 2 cases of tube erosion through the conjunctiva following use of commercially prepared pericardial patch grafts occurring 7 and 8 months postoperatively.


Abstract The data-driven paradigm of neural machine translation is a powerful translation technology based on state-of-the art approaches in artificial intelligence research. This technology is employed extensively in the professional translation process, requiring an adequate degree of machine translation literacy on the part of professional translators. At the same time, the increasing datafication to be observed in modern society – both in private as well as in professional contexts – contributes to the rise in prominence of another digital literacy, i. e., data literacy, which is also of high relevance with regard to data-driven machine translation. The present paper analyses and discusses in detail the individual dimensions and subdimensions of professional machine translation literacy and data literacy and attempts to integrate the two concepts. It thereby lays the theoretical foundation for a didactic project concerned with teaching data literacy in its machine translation-specific form to students in the fields of translation and specialised communication studies.


1. A composition comprising a polycarbonate and 0.05 to 0.5 wt.% UV absorber and from 0.0001 to 0.03 wt.% Of 2- [2-hydroxy-4- (2-ethylhexyl) oxy] phenyl-4,6-di (4-phenyl) phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (CAS №204583-39-1). ! 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the UV absorber has the formula (4): ! wherein R1 and X may be the same or different and represent hydrogen or alkyl or alkylaryl. ! 3. A composition according to claim 2, wherein R1 is 1-methylpropyl, and X - tert-butyl. ! 4. A composition according to claim 2, characterized in that R1 is hydrogen and X - octyl. ! 5. The composition of claim 2, wherein R1 and X are 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl. ! 6. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the UV absorber is 2- (5-chloro-2H-benzotriazole-2-yl) -6- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-methyl) -phenol. ! 7. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the UV absorber is 2,2'-methylenebis [6- (2H-benzotriazole-2-yl) -4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) - phenol (CAS №103597-45-1). ! 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the UV absorber has the formula (5): ! wherein R8, R9, R10, R11 can be identical or different and represent hydrogen or aryl or alkyl or CN or halogen, a Y is alkyl. ! 9. A composition according to claim 8, characterized in that R8, R9, R10, and R11 are hydrogen, a Y is n-hexyl. ! 10. A composition according to claim 8, characterized in that R8, R9, R10, and R11 are methyl, a Y is n-octyl. ! 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the UV absorber has the formula (6): ! wherein R12 is aryl or alkyl. ! 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein R12 is ethyl. ! 13. A composition according to claim 11, characterized in that R12 is 2-ethylhexyl. ! 14. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the UV absorber is GSS


In this paper, we show that homotopy K3 surfaces do not admit a periodic diffeomorphism of odd prime order 3 acting trivially on cohomology. This gives a negative answer for period 3 to Problem 4.124 in Kirby's problem list. In addition, we give an obstruction in terms of the rationality and the sign of the spin numbers to the non-existence of a periodic diffeomorphism of odd prime order acting trivially on cohomology of homotopy K3 surfaces. The main strategy is to calculate the Seiberg-Witten invariant for the trivial spin c structure in the presence of such a Z p -symmetry in two ways: (1) the new interpretation of the Seiberg-Witten invariants of Furuta and Fang, and (2) the theorem of Morgan and Szabo on the Seiberg-Witten invariant of homotopy K3 surfaces for the trivial Spin c structure. As a consequence, we derive a contradiction for any periodic diffeomorphism of prime order 3 acting trivially on cohomology of homotopy K3 surfaces.


CIMS of certain industry circle is a special CIM system that only exists in China. It is far different from multi-enterprise integration with supply chain and virtual enterprise technology. Based on the discussion of the special issues of industry circles and groups in China, a framework of this kind of CIM system was presented. Within the framework, we can combine independent enterprises together with their key competency to win in the global competition.


: Huaying Gaoqiang is a traditional folk song that has been passed down in the Huaying Mountain area of northern Chongqing and eastern Sichuan. After more than three hundred years of development and evolution, it has gradually formed into a high pitched folk song with a unique appearance of Bashu. In 2011, it was selected into the Chongqing Municipal Intangible Cultural Heritage List. This article combines the historical origin and classification of Huaying Gaoqiang, focusing on analyzing the characteristics of "Chang Tuo qiang", dialect lyrics, and lyrics.


Laryngotracheal injury following endotracheal intubation has been extensively described in the literature, but most discussion has centered around the sequela of prolonged intubation. Little however, has been reported regarding the lesions from short-term endotracheal intubation to ensure the safe practice of anesthesia. In this regard, 72 healthy, male patients undergoing general anesthesia for surgical procedures were randomly assigned to have an endotracheal tube of 7.0, 8.0, or 9.0 mm in internal diameter and were evaluated for the upper airway symptoms by questionnaire within 4-8 hours following extubation. The larynx and trachea were examined and scored for extent and severity of lary- ngotracheal damage by fiberoptic laryngotracheoscopy, and risk factors causing laryngotracheal injury were studied. The results were as follows; The incidence of upper airway symptoms were 13 of 72 (18.1%), of which 10 (13.9%) were throat discomfort and 3 (4.2%) were sore throat. The incidence of laryngeal and tracheal injury was 52 of 72 (72.2%) and 20 of 72 (27.8%), respectively. 20 patients (27.8%) did not reveal any lesion in the laryngotracheal system. The common sites of intubation injury were vocal cords (65.3%, all erythema) and arytenoids (44.4%, erythema 37.5%, edema 6.9%). No correlation could be drawn between the injured and uninjured groups with respect to smoking and length of intubation. However, bucking was associated with severity and extent of laryngeal damage (p<0.05), and with the extent of tracheal damage only (p<0.05). Also, the increase in internal diameter of the tube used was associated with severity and extent of laryngeal damage (p<0.05), but not with tracheal damage.


In teaching the drama Landscape from stylistics point of view, the author of this paper employs comprehensive approach to deal with the speech act theory, the discourse analysis on the inner thoughts of the characters and the syntactic and lexical characteristics of the dialogue. The paper from five perspectives finds some stylistic features to be employed in the text analysis. Comprehensive approach in teaching and analyzing drama produces a wider horizon and deeper understanding of the text and facilitates students in appreciate the drama. General Introduction Landscape, a one-act play by Harold Pinter, shows the difficulties of communication between two people in a marriage. This is illustrated through the two characters who appear to be talking to one another though neither seems to hear the other. The dialogue resembles two independent monologues. Landscape is the representative of Harold Pinter's metaphase memory play, in terms of its creative application of the traditional "Past" and "Memory". This report intends to analyze this play from the psychology of memory. In these plays, Pinter employed the vague memory to present people's fear of their inner desire, which further displayed the ubiquitous existence of menace. However, menace in this play comes from the inner desire behind human soul, instead of the outside mysterious power in his earlier plays. In the play nothing happens, the action of the play is brought to a halt, putting an added emphasis on the role of the dialogues and monologues that take place. As one critic put it "nothing happens but much is explored".


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to formulate the cost of corruption and undue private benefit.

Design/methodology/approach
The design is based on cost formulas of the corruption already formulated, and the design of these formulas allows the calculation for Argentina in 2021 of the cost of the corruption.

Findings
The corruption cost models for bribes and cost overruns for public works are the theoretical basis for obtaining the undue private benefit. Based on the formulas developed to calculate the costs of corruption for Argentina 2021.

Research limitations/implications
There are no limitations in the model.

Practical implications
In addition to the calculation of the cost of corruption, the formula of private profit undue by corruption is developed.

Social implications
The social implications are certainty about the cost of corruption for Argentina in 2021.

Originality/value
The present work is original and its value is given by the formulation and practical demonstration of the cost of corruption for Argentina in 2021 and the undue private benefit.


I Ching(易经) describes all nature and human endeavor in terms of the interaction of "Yin(阴) and Yang(阳)". This research reveals that it is achievable to apply Yin-yang model to interpret the relationship between human and nature. Firstly, Yin-yang of I Ching is dichotomy idea of the relationship between the center "human" and "earth" of each other or not of each other, so the theory of sustainable development essentially is a strategic goal which integrates with humanic values of human-centered, rather than the present stage or the highest form of human-environmental interactions. Accordingly, two centers of "human" and "earth" in Human-earth Areal System(HEAS) assumption means that it corresponds to the"yes or no"each other and the process of "一"(1) evolution to "二"(2)(一生二, from one-center system to twocenter system). However, the relationship of"human"and"earth"not only dichotomy, but also shift and take turns, which is another level of Yin-yang namely "二"(2) to "三"(3)(二生三,from two-center system to third or three new systems), that is the evolution of the HEAS.Therefore I built the model to describe that, and made it more clear through the projection of"Liuhe"( 六合, six 2-D plane: up, down, front, back, left, right), then obtained the evolution track of the HEAS, Yin-yang in one line of human-earth, the evolution track of distance between human and earth, and complex system nonlinear dynamics and chaos in the HEAS. From that this research has shown that it is effective to use Yin and Yang of I Ching to explain the human-earth relationship and build the HEAS model, so as to examine the space rule in area of human-earth relationship and the trail of the HEAS. Even more, maybe the Taichi and 8-trigrams(太极八卦图) is the best model. And, as China's geography research core, the human-earth relationship idea should be paid more attention in Chinese traditional philosophy, methods and culture.


Honorary Member Professor M. D. VERNON, M.A., Sc.D., 50 Cressingham Road, Reading, Berks. RGz 7TR. Ordinary Members D. A. ALLPORT, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, The University, Earley Gate, WhiteD. P. ANDREWS, Ph.D., Department of Communication and Neuroscience, The University, A. ANGEL, Ph.D., Department of Physiology, The University, Sheffield SIO 2TN. Professor J. ANNETT, D.Phil., Department of Psychology, University of Wanvick, Coventry S. M. ANSTIS, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, G. W. ARBUTHNOIT, Ph.D., MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, University Department of Janette ATKINSON, Ph.D., Department of Experimental Psychology, Downing Street, Professor R. J. AUDLEY, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, University College London, B. BABINGTON SMITH, O.B.E., M.A., Department of Experimental Psychology, University A. D. BADDELEY, Ph.D., MRC Applied Psychology Research Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, P. J. BAILEY, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York C. BALFOUR, M.A., Department of Psychology, The University, Claremont Place, NewProfessor H. B. BARLOW, M.D., M.B., B.Chir., F.R.S., Physiological Laboratory, Downing P. P. G. BATESON, M.A., Ph.D., Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, High Street, J. G. BEAUMONT, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, The University, Leicester LEI 7RH. A. J. BENSON, M.B., Ch.B., R.A.F. Institute of Aviation Medicine, Farnborough, Hants. Professor P. BERTELSON, Ph.D., Laboratoire de Psychologie Experimentale, Universite Professor D. E. BLACKMAN, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, University College, Cardiff C. B. BLAKEMORE, B.Sc., Department of Psychology, Cane Hill Hospital, Coulsden, Surrey Colin B. BLAKEMORE, Ph.D., Physiological Laboratory, Downing Street, Cambridge J. R. BLOOMFIELD, Ph.D., Systems and Research Center, Aerospace and Defense Group, T. M. BLOOMFIELD, Ph.D., Psychological Laboratories, The University, College Gate,


THIS CHAPTER SHOWS HOW THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL MECHANICS CAN BE USED TO CONTROL THE FINAL MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CEMENT PASTE THROUGH THE COMBINED ACTION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL FACTORS, AT THE INITIAL STRUCTURE FORMATION. CEMENT PASTES WITH A W/C RATIO FROM 0,2 TO 0,23 LOSE THEIR ADHESION PROPERTIES WHEN THEY ARE FRESH, BUT REACH MAXIMUM STRENGTH AFTER HARDENING. THE RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CEMENT SUSPENSIONS IN WATER WERE STUDIED FOR (1) THREE W/C RATIOS (0,25, 0,35 AND 0,45) BY MEANS OF AN ELASTO-VISCOMETER, CONE PENETROMETER, AND SLOT VIBRO-VISCOMETER, (2) THREE CATEGORIES OF CEMENT FINENESS (3000, 5000 AND 7000 CM2/G), (3) THREE PROPORTIONS OF CALCIUM LIGNOSULFONATE (0,1 TO 0,5 PERCENT OF CEMENT WEIGHT), AND (4) DIFFERENT VIBRATION FREQUENCIES (0 AND 3000 TO 10000 T/MINUTE). THE TEST RESULTS (MECHANICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL STRENGTH, PLASTICITY, VISCOSITY AND VIBROVISCOSITY) ARE USED TO DEFINE GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF CEMENT PASTE GLUES TO BE USED ON CONCRETE SURFACES: INTENSE VIBRATIONS OF THE MIXTURES CONTAINING FINELY CRUSHED CEMENT, WITH A MINIMUM OF WATER (APPROXIMATELY W/C RATIO 0,25), IN THE PRESENCE OF PLASTICIZERS, THEN VIBRATORY GLUEING VIBRATION GIVES CEMENT PASTE PROPERTIES SIMILAR TO THOSE OF PSEUDO NEWSONIAN LIQUIDS BY DIVIDING VISCOSITY BY 100 OR 1000, AND INCREASES THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLASTICIZING SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS. SEE ALSO IRRD ABSTRACT NO. 100030.


The application to magnetic recording of Ba-ferrite epitaxially coated with Spinel-ferrite, which is called SEB particles, was investigated. The results obtained are as follows: The lattice images of SEB particles showed that the Spinel-ferrite(Co-ferrite) was epitaxially crystallized on the surface of Ba-ferrites.The saturation magnetization of the SEB powders was increased about 10% for that of the Ba-ferrite powders before reaction.The output voltage in short wavelength of the tapes with SEB powders was lower than that of the oter tapes, MP tapes and Baferrite tapes. We considered this is probably due to the mixture formation by an incomplete SEB reaction, particle distribution and formation distribution of any particles etc.


This article analyzes the contribution of Mario Pedrosa in the conception of the Museum of Solidarity during the government of Salvador Allende (1970-1973). At the invitation of the president, the critic founded the International Committee for Artistic Solidarity with Chile to centralize the organization of the institution, expand contacts with artists of different nationalities and guarantee donations. The Museum symbolized the fraternal vocation of the socialist experiment, collecting works by artists moved by the feeling of affection, empathy and unity in favor of the opposition against imperialism and cultural dependence.


Results for the 1986/87 season from 15 grazing trials situated at five sites were used to develop a qualitative model describing the relationships between stocking rate and herbage mass and between stocking rate and individual animal performanceLanguage: English Keywords: Herbage masses; Individual animal performance; Stocking rate models; Veld conditions; animal performance; grazing; grazing management; herbage mass; performance; sourveld; stocking rate; veld condition; model; grasses; modelling; southern africa


A concept is presented for creating a measuring system that can quantify the specific motions which vehicles exhibit as they move in traffic, under the full array of traffic operations. Such a quantification is seen as crucial to the development of automatic collision prevention systems and has spin-off utility for the study of many other issues in human factors and vehicle and highway engineering. This study has addressed the experimental and analytical challenges involved in wide-area sensing, large-volume data processing, and both deterministic and statistical analysis of the data which will characterize this so-called "Vehicle Motion Environment" (VME). The basic concept which appears to be feasible for such measurements involves a remote sensor which is installed at the roadside, probably on a tall pole, and which produces electro-optic images of the traffic stream and converts them into a permanent data file of the quantified trajectory for each motor vehicle passing through the field of view.


Abstract : Because of the excellent initial response of the CA108A differential amplifier to radiation, it was thought that this device could be made even more radiation-resistant by use of ultra-clean processing. Several groups of amplifiers were characterized, and a baseline was drawn for further work on process variations. A test cell was designed to aid in process control. A group of wafers was split into four lots with one stabilizing processing step changed to pinpoint which step is the most important. Present data indicates the devices are stable even with process changes. The conclusion is that ultraclean processing may further stabilize and improve the radiation hardness of the CA108A amplifier.


Cloud Gaming renders game data in the cloud and forwards it to players over the network. While this reduces hardware costs for players, it introduces challenges in network management and delivering a good gaming experience. In this context, network providers are encouraged to implement QoE-aware management systems to guarantee a desired Quality of Experience (QoE), in which Machine Learning (ML) models achieve the state-of-the-art on QoE estimation/monitoring. However, it is hard to create ML models that generalize to different contexts, especially since QoE perception is subjective and varies among games and players. This paper employs transfer learning and fine-tuning to adjust a source model to different target domains. First, we performed a subjective QoE assessment with real users playing on a realistic testbed. Based on this, we derived four datasets, one being the source dataset (to create the source model) and three distinct target datasets. Experiments show that transfer learning can decrease the average MSE error by at least 41.6% compared to the source model performance on the target datasets while decreasing the demand for labeled data by at least 81.1%. Furthermore, the improvement is greater when compared to models trained from scratch for each target dataset.


Objective: To explore the feature of Tat-PTDs for metallothionein( MT) high-yield expression in E. coli and its heavy metal resistance in vitro. Methods: the MT-1,2 encoding genes in Balb/c mice liver tissue was amplified using polymerase chain reaction( PCR) initially,and subcloned into the prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28b-Tat and pET28b followed direct sequencing separately. The validated plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21( DE3) cells and induced using 1 mmol/L IPTG,and the protein samples at 0 h,2 h,4 h and6 h were prepared and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Subsequently,the bacterial cells at 4 h induced were diluted using LB medium and study its resistance of 5 mm copper. Results: This study demonstrated that Tat-PTDs could obviously increase the expression of MT-1,2 in E. coli and Tat fusion protein mainly expressed in the bacterial supernatant. The Tat fusion protein expression level was 5 ~ 8 folds compared to its control according to the results of Western blot and histogram analysis. Furthermore,the over-expressed TatMT-1,2 bacterial cells had an obvious resistance to 5mm copper compared with its control( P 0. 01).Conclusion: the data showed that protein transduction based on Tat-PTDs can promote genes of mouse metallothionein high-yield and soluble expression in prokaryotic system. The Tat fusion protein expression level was significantly improved compared to non-Tat fusion protein and its resistance to copper was also increased.


A case of disseminated cryptococcosis with oral, pulmonary, and cutaneous manifestations is described in an eleven-year-old Siamese cat. Marked clinical improvement was noted 2-months following appropriate antifungal therapy. A review of disseminated cryptococcosis and the oral manifestations of fungal disease an provided.


Thin Nb2O5-films were deposited on unheated glass, fused silica, and silicon substrates by reactive-low-voltage-high-current-ion-plating (RLVIP). Optical as well as mechanical film properties and their environmental stability are remarkably influenced by deposition parameters like e. g. arc current, deposition rate, gas composition, and total gas pressure. It was found out that an arc current around 50A, gas mixtures with high amount of oxygen, and a deposition rate around 0,3nm/s yielded the best results. Refractive indices were calculated from data obtained by spectrophotometric intensity measurements of the constrained amorphous and homogeneous films. Residual optical absorption in the film's high transmittance range was determined by photothermal deflection spectrometry. Mechanical film stress, for dense films always compressive, was measured by deformation of coated thin silicon discs. Typical obtained values are n550 = 2,39 - 2,40, k515 = 2×10-4, σ = -30MPa. Detailed information is presented in diagrams.