SUMMARY We present new palaeomagnetic results from the Transba¨ ikal area (SE Siberia), from the Mongol-Okhotsk suture zone, the boundary between the Amuria and Siberia blocks. In order to better constrain the time of closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean in the Mesozoic, we col- lected 532 rock samples at 68 sites in six localities of basalts, trachy-basalts and andesites, from both sides of the Mongol-Okhotsk suture: at Unda river (J 3; 51.7 ◦ N, 117.4 ◦ E), Kremljevka peak (K1; 51.8 ◦ N, 117.5 ◦ E) and Torey lakes (K 1; 50.1 ◦ N, 115.9 ◦ E) on the southern side of the suture, and at Monostoy river (J 1; 51.1 ◦ N, 106.8 ◦ E), Ingoda river (K 1; 51.2 ◦ N, 112.2 ◦ E) and Bichura town (K 1; 50.6 ◦ N, 107.6 ◦ E) on the northern side. Progressive thermal demagnetization enabled us to resolve low (LTC) and high (HTC) temperature components of magnetization at most sites. Jurassic palaeopoles computed from the HTCs show a large discrepancy with respect to the Apparent Polar Wander Path of Eurasia, which we interpret in terms of 1700-2700 km of post-Late Jurassic northward movement of Amuria with respect to Siberia. Although ge- ological data suggest a middle Jurassic closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean in the west Trans-Baikal region, our data give evidence of a large remaining palaeolatitude difference between the Amuria and Siberia blocks. In contrast, Early Cretaceous sites cluster remarkably well along a small-circle, which is centred on the average site location. This implies the absence of post-Early Cretaceous northward motion of Amuria relative to Siberia, and demonstrates the pre-Early Cretaceous closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. Finally, we interpret the very large tectonic rotations about local vertical axes, evidenced by the small-circle distribution of poles, as arising both from collision processes and from left-lateral shear movement along the suture zone, due to the eastward extrusion of Amuria under the effect of the collision of India into Asia.


A silicon subwavelengh terahertz axicon has been designed, fabricated, and investigated by methods of numerical and optical experiments. The research has been performed on a free-electron laser workstation NOVOFEL (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of SB RAS, Novosibirsk). Diffractive and polarization features of realized element have been investigated.


This study evaluated the antinociceptive and physiologic e¡ects of xylazine (X) and detomidine (D) administered intrathecally (IT) at the lumbosacral space, before and after the injection of atipamezole (A) IV. The study was approved by the National Animal Protection Authorities. Five adult healthy female sheep were anaesthetized with propofol on four occasions to inject the following treatments IT: groups 1 and 2, 0.05 mg kg 1 X (2 mg mL 1 saline) IT; groups 3 and 4, 0.01 mg kg 1 D (0.5 mg mL 1 saline) IT (Waterman et al. 1988). Nociceptive threshold (TH) was tested by applying pulsed and stepwise enhanced direct current (Ludbrook et al. 1995) at one hind leg pastern and noting the current at the moment of foot lift. Maximum current applied was 40 mA. Baseline TH was measured twice before anaesthesia and every 10 minutes when the sheep regained consciousness. Atipamezole was given IV immediately after reaching maximum analgesic action of X and D as de¢ned by two equal or decreasing TH values and measurements were continued for 90 minutes. The dose of A for groups1and 3 was 0.005 mg kg 1 (0.25 mg mL 1 saline) IV, and for groups 2 and 4 was 0.0025 mg kg 1 A (0.25 mg mL saline) IV. Heart rate (HR), mean direct arterial pressure (MAP), PaO2 and PaCO2 were measured. The di¡erences between measurements recorded before and after treatment were analysed using a paired t-test for the drug e¡ects and a nonparametric Wilcoxon's rank sum test for the comparison between groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered signi¢cant. All sheep were able to stand before A IV. Threshold baseline value was 4.5 1.7 (mean SD) mA for all animals. Xylazine caused a signi¢cantly higher TH rise (35.2 1.8 mA), faster onset (21.1 16.0 minutes) and longer duration of the TH enhancement (104.1 8.6 minutes) than D (TH: 16.3 7.8 mA, onset: 49.5 28.4 minutes, duration: 59.3 27.3 minutes). A signi¢cant increase in PaCO2 was observed in the X and D treated animals, 0.39 0.21 kPa (2.9 1.6 mm Hg) and 0.39 0.29 kPa (2.9 2.2 mm Hg), respectively. Heart rate was signi¢cantly decreased by 21 17 beats minute 1 for X animals and 13 13 beats minute 1 for D. Mean arterial pressure ( 9 13 mm Hg for X and 1 11 mm Hg for D animals) and PaO2 0.65 1.32 kPa (4.9 9.9 mm Hg) for X and 1.45 4.19 kPa (10.9 31.4 mm Hg) for D animals) did not change signi¢cantly. The nociceptive threshold was not a¡ected byA in any group. Threshold values of all X treated animals beforeAwas 39.3 1.4 mA and after was 37.2 6.3 (group 1) and 40 0 (group 2). Threshold values of all D treated animals before A was 21.0 8.3 and after was 19.4 7.3 (group 3) and 24.8 8.0 (group 4). At the dosages administered intrathecally in this study, X and to a lower degree D induce antinociceptionwithout major physiologic changes.Atipamezole up to 0.005 mg kg 1 IV does not a¡ect the resulting antinociceptionas assessed by electrical stimulation.


The reaction of ethyl 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroanthranilate with nitroacetic acid gave, stereospecifically, ethyl cis-2-amino-trans-2-nitromethylcyclohexanecarboxylate (7) in 70% yield. The stereochemistry was deduced by the following sequence of reactions: (7)→ ethyl cis-2-amino-trans-2-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylate (8)→ 3a-amino-trans-perhydroisoindol-1-one (9)→ 3a-(N′-phenylureido)-trans-perhydroisoindol-1-one (10)→ 8a-aminomethyl-3-phenyl-cis-perhydroquinazoline-2,4-dione hydrochloride (18)→ 8a-bromomethyl-3-phenyl-cis-perhydroquinazoline-2,4-dione (19)→ 8a-methyl-3-phenyl-cis-perhydroquinazoline-2,4-dione (20), in which the configuration at the asymmetric centres was preserved. Compound (20) was prepared from authentic methyl trans-2-methyl-cis-2-(N′-phenylureido)cyclohexanecarboxylate (22) by cyclisation with methanolic sodium hydroxide. Although this cyclisation in a deuteriated medium proceeded with complete exchange of the 4a-proton in the dione (20), it was shown to occur with retention of configuration by reduction with sodium dihydrobis-(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminate to cis-2-anilinomethyl-1,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (25) and then to 1,8a-dimethyl-3-phenyl-cis-perhydroquinazoline (26), whose 1H n.m.r. spectrum was unambiguous.The trans stereochemistry of the isoindolone (9) was confirmed by reduction to 3a-amino-trans-perhydroisoindole (14) whose 1H n.m.r. spectrum was similar to that of 3a-methylanalogue (15) but different from that of 3a-methyl-cis-perhydroisoindole (16).This second observation of a stereospecific cis-addition of the elements of nitromethane strongly supports a concerted mechanism for the reaction of nitroacetic acid with enamines. Further evidence is reported from experiments in [2H3]nitromethane which show that no deuterium was incorporated into the nitromethane adducts.N.m.r. spectra of various compounds are discussed in connection with the generality of application of the principle that the protons in the alicyclic six-membered rings of reduced six–five, six–six and six–seven membered fused ring systems give a narrow band envelope for cis ring fusion and a wide band envelope for trans ring fusion.


In August 2020, during a dramatical summer retreat of sea ice in the Nansen Basin, a study of phytoplankton was conducted on the transect from two northern stations in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) (north of 83° N m and east of 38° E) through the open water to the southern station located in the Franz Victoria Trench. The presence of melted polar surface waters (mPSW), polar surface waters (PS,W), and Atlantic waters (AW) were characteristic of the MIZ. There are only two water masses in open water, namely PSW and AW, at the southernmost station; the contribution of AW was minimal. In the MIZ, first-year and multiyear ice species and Atlantic species were noted; Atlantic species and first-year ice species were in open water, and only ice flora was at the southernmost station. The maximum phytoplankton biomass (30 g m−3) was recorded at the northernmost station of the MIZ, and 99% of the phytoplankton consisted of a large diatom Porosira glacialis. Intensive growth of this species occurred on the subsurface halocline separating mPSW from PSW. A thermocline was formed in open water south of the MIZ towards the Franz Victoria Trench. A strong stratification decreases vertical nutrient fluxes, so phytoplankton biomass decreases significantly. Phytoplankton formed the maximum biomass in the thermocline. When moving south, biomass decreased and its minimum values were observed at the southernmost station where the influence of AW is minimal or completely absent. A transition from the silicon-limited state of phytoplankton (MIZ area) to nitrogen-limited (open water) was noted.


Health is an inevitable requirement for the promotion of overall human development and a basic condition for economic and social development. Each person is the first person responsible for his or her own health, and health has an important significance to the residents themselves. Data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) for 3 years—2014, 2016, and 2018—were selected to study the impact of active health consumption on residents' health using a panel data fixed effects model. It was found that proactive health consumption can significantly improve the health of residents, and the main findings still hold through robustness tests including instrumental variables. The mechanism analysis shows that active health consumption can improve the health level of residents by increasing the frequency of exercise. Therefore, in the context of the "Health China" strategy, active health consumption should be promoted to cultivate the habit of physical exercise so as to continuously improve the health level of the residents.


Brushing teeth is intended to remove plaque from tooth surface in order to forestall the incidence of plaque accumulation. Skill in brushing teeth is generally suggested to remove soft deposit from tooth surface so that the accumulation of plaque can be avoided. The objective of the research was to find out the skill in brushing teeth on decreasing plaque index in the students of SN 123 Hutabargot Dolok, in 2015.The research was a descriptive survey which was performed by direct examination on plaque index. The population was 160 students, and16 of them were used as the samples. The result of the research showed that there was the difference in plaque index value in the respondents. Before the counseling about the skill in brushing teeth was provided, none of the respondents (0%) had good knowledge, 2 of them (12.5%) had moderate knowledge, and 14 of them (87.5%) had bad knowledge. After the counseling, 2 respondents (12.5%) had good knowledge, 8 respondents (50%) had moderate knowledge, and 6 respondents (37.5%) had bad knowledge. The conclusion of the research was that counseling about the skill in brushing teeth for the students at SDN 123 Hutabargot Dolok, in 2015, had increased their knowledge of brushing teeth. It is recommended that dental nurses provide counseling about dental and oral health, especially about the skill in good and correct tooth brushing so that dental and oral health can be maintained.


"March foot" or "march fracture" is a term applied to a painful condition of the foot first noted in army men following prolonged marches. It was thought to be caused originally by an inflammation of the tendon sheaths, but since the turn of the century opinion has favored the existence of a fracture. Some reports hold that a fracture visible or invisible by x-rays is present from the start. Others speak of a periostitis first, followed by a fracture line developing later. For the most part this condition has been noted in the second, third and fourth metatarsal bones, but the more recent literature has been reporting a few cases of a similar condition occurring in other bones, especially the fibula. Our purpose in this paper is to add 6 such cases and 1 of the foot appearing in athletes at Princeton University. The University Health Service has maintained medical


An object of the present invention is to provide a multi-component glass powder, in particular a conventional multi-component glass showing a comparison to improved activity and glass powder. Further provides a method of manufacturing the same, and use thereof. The invention relates to a glass powder, in particular glass ceramic powder consisting of multi-component glass having at least three elements. More specifically, 1 [mu] m or less, preferably glass powder or glass-ceramic powder having an average particle diameter of not more than 0.1 [mu] m. Particularly preferred is an average particle diameter of 10nm or less. Such configuration enables application to various fields. .BACKGROUND


The feasibility of passive detection of fishes which had been caught in the fishing grounds near the Korean peninsula was theoretically investigated. Considering the commercial importance and the acoustical informations readily identified, although many species of fish make noise, Croaker is clarified to be a representative fish for passive fish detection. Assuming a source level of the sound produced by croakers is given as 150-18OdB (re 1l'pa, 500 Hz bandwidth), The range detected by a passive line array sonar is estimated to be about 3-20km. In addition, the tonal noise (700~800Hz) made by croaker that is easily separated from underwater noise is expected to increase the ability to discriminate from the other species of fish.


Noncytologic methods of screening for cervical carcinoma and its precursor lesions are needed for resource‐poor settings in which cervical carcinoma continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality.


Far and away the most powerful force in the political life of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is the Popular Democratic party (Partido Popular Democrático, or PPD). Since 1945 elected representatives of the party have held the office of Resident Commissioner in Washington and more than two-thirds of the seats in both houses of the insular legislature. Since the election of 1948 the president of the party, Luis Muñoz Marín, has been Governor of the island. Inasmuch as there are no other elective officials in the executive branch, gubernatorial appointees loyal to the party and its program fill all the top policy-making and administrative posts. And because the Governor also appoints all judges, the percentage of Populares on the Commonwealth bench is understandably high. The party's control over the insular government is a direct result of its extraordinary showing at the polls. Its island-wide candidates have never received less than 60 per cent of the total vote in any election save that of 1940, the first in which a Popular Democratic ticket was on the ballot. In the most recent election, that of November 4, 1952, the Popular candidate for Governor received a record 65 per cent of the votes cast.


In the last few decades lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted increasing attention due to their high theoretical energy density (~2500 Wh/kg), low cost and environmental friendliness. However these batteries suffer from poor observed capacity and cycle life which is mainly due the low electrical conductivity of sulfur (5×10−30 S/cm at 25 ◦C), electrochemical irreversibility (i.e. the dissolved polysulfides) and morphology change of the cathode material upon cycling. Even though capacity improvements have been achieved by addressing the above mentioned problems, the observed capacities of the batteries lie below their theoretical values. In addition to that, the cycle life of the batteries still needs to be improved.

The focus of this work is to investigate the performance of sulfur cathodes produced by suspension spraying.

Dedicated suspensions were developed by mixing carbon black, binder, sulfur and suitable additives to achieve a homogenous distribution of each phase. These suspensions were sprayed onto aluminium based current collectors, resulting after spraying and drying in a core-shell like microstructure with a sulfur containing active material core and a carbon coating disposed on the active sulfur core.

Structural and chemical characterization of the prepared cathodes was performed by several techniques such as SEM, EDX, XRD and AFM. Batteries containing prepared cathodes were electrochemically characterized and evaluated. Additionally, various microscopic and material analysis techniques were used to characterize microstructural and chemical changes of the cathodes upon cycling.


Registration of planning CT(PCT) with daily cone beam CT(CBCT) images is an important component for adaptive radiation therapy in image guided radiation therapy system.This article uses a multiresolution wavelet representation for medical image registration to estimate deformation for the sake of improving the registration efficiency and accuracy.The wavelet,an inherently hierarchical representation of a signal,is naturally suitable for progressive optimization.The progressive optimization starts from the low resolution approximation of the signal(represents the global deformation),through the details in its different orientations and ends with finest details of the signal(represents the local deformation).The wavelet coefficients are estimated by energy function which is derived from Navier partial differential equation.Furthermore,the external force is derived from the normalized mutual information which is served as the similarity measure.The experiments on PCT and CBCT images derived from image guided radiation therapy system show accuracy and robustness when compared to traditional B-spline based free form deformation(FFD) methods.In conclusion,the method can be used for re-contouring in radiation therapy planning.


Abstract The influence of soil pH and fertilization (?, ? and Zn) on the dry matter (DM) production, chemical composition (crude protein, P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn content) and organic matter (OM) digestibility of Panicum maximum Jacq. was evaluated in pots. Panicum maximum grew best in a neutral (pH 6,5 in water) to a slightly alkaline (pH 7,5 in water) soil medium. Soil acidity (pH 4,5 in water) adversely affected DM yield as well as the crude protein (CP), P, Ca and Zn content of the above ground phytomass. Fertilization invariably increased DM production, CP content, Zn content and OM digestibility.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between different outcome and process measures in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

METHODS
A 3-year prospective study of 149 patients with early RA (symptoms < 1 year at entry). Results of serial measurements of process variables were transformed into time integrated values for comparison with the outcome measures.

RESULTS
A highly significant correlation was found between the acute phase response, swollen joints, and radiological progression whereas none of these measures correlated with joint tenderness. Physical disability as estimated by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) however, appeared to be determined by joint tenderness rather than by joint swelling.

CONCLUSION
In early RA, joint swelling and acute phase reactants appear to be the most appropriate process variables for the prediction of radiological outcome, whereas joint tenderness is a strong determinant of physical disability (HAQ).


Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock electric quadrupole (E2) and magnetic dipole (M1) transition probabilities are reported for transitions between levels of 3d 5 in [Fe iv]. The accuracy of the ab initio energy levels and the agreement in the length and velocity forms of the line strength for the E2 transitions are used as indicators of accuracy. The present E2 and Ml transition probabilities are compared with earlier Breit-Pauli results and other theories. An extensive set of transition probabilities with indicators of accuracy are reported in Appendices A and B. Recommended values of A(E2) + A(M1) are listed in Appendix C.


This paper investigates performance output tracking for a boundary controlled multidimensional heat equation. It is assumed that the so-called total disturbance (which is composed of internal possibly nonlinear uncertainty and external disturbance) the equation is subject to is on one part of the boundary, and that the control is applied on the rest of the boundary. Using only partial boundary measurement, we first propose an extended state observer to estimate both system state and the total disturbance. This allows us to design a servomechanism and then an output feedback controller. Under the condition that both the reference signal and the disturbance vanish or belong to spaces <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H^1(0,\infty ;L^1(\Gamma _1))$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L^2(0,\infty ;L^2(\Gamma _0))$</tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. We show that the over-all control strategy achieves three objectives on the system performance: first, exponentially output tracking for arbitrary given reference signal; second, uniformly boundedness of all internal signals; and, third, the internal asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. In addition, the control strategy turns out to be robust to the measurement noise. We provide numerical experiments to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


Abstract Transportation enhances the level of development and economic growth. While the transportation system affects the ease of transporting people and goods, it also has a direct impact on economic growth and land accessibility. Moreover, transportation system influences some public policies regarding environment, natural resources' consumption, social justice, economic growth, and safety. The public transportation system in Baghdad involves buses, taxies and minibuses. Within the last decade, the existing system did not experience a sufficient development regarding the rapid growth of population, security challenges and unreasonable increased number of private cars in Baghdad. Eventually, the use of the public transportation for the common public turned out to be harder. As a result, private cars are considered the main means of transportation in Baghdad because the lines' network suffered from incompleteness, deterioration and lack of transportation facilities. The objective of this research deals with the concept of public transportation and sustainable transportation, history of the state company for travelers and delegates transportation, current public transportation management system, preparation of the questionnaire and descriptive analysis. Keywords: Public transportation, transportation system, transport, public transportation system in Baghdad, state company for travelers and delegates transportation Cite this Article Khammas Waleed M, Awss Hatim Mahmoud. Evaluating current public transportation management system for baghdad city. Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications . 2015; 2(3): 48–60p.


Abstract The Torres Strait Treaty between Australia and Papua New Guinea ("PNG") came into force in 1985. This unique treaty, which defines the maritime, seabed and fisheries boundaries between Australia and PNG, is recognised as one of the most complex, but imaginative maritime delimitation solutions in existence. The Treaty creates a Protected Zone with a view to safeguarding the traditional way of life and livelihood of traditional inhabitants of the Torres Strait and adjacent coast of PNG. Traditional inhabitants are allowed relatively unrestricted cross-border movement into the Protected Zone for the purpose of performing traditional activities. "Traditional inhabitants" are defined by the treaty, but the relevant provision is ambiguous and the question of who is within the terms of the Treaty is highly contentious. The problem is exacerbated by the competing layers of law which govern the Strait and surrounding Borderlands, and by the dissonance between State law, customary laws, and the practical application of the Treaty. This paper looks at the meaning of "traditional inhabitants" and some of the other issues surrounding this question.


Parathyroid carcinoma is an uncommon malignancy and the probability of an intrathyroidal location is low. Fine needle aspirations (FNA) of these presumably "thyroid nodules" can lead to misinterpretation because of the similarities in cytological features of parathyroid and thyroid lesions. Despite limitations, USG guided FNA cytology remains the first line of investigation. We report a case of intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma presenting with hypercalcemia and elevated serum parathormone. Cytological findings attributed it to a possible parathyroid lesion and histopathology revealed a parathyroid carcinoma. It is reported due to its rare occurrence on FNA along with brief literature review.


The aim of this project is to analyze the knowledge and interests of the population and visitors of Aguilas regarding the itineraries and didactic points of interest. As to the methodology, through a non-experimental design, descriptive and sectional, a quantitative method has been employed by means of a poll in order to know the opinion of the people of Aguilas. The poll was managed online through social media. The sample is composed by 339 people. For the data analysis the program SPPSS-20 has been used. According to the results, it can be concluded that there is a significant unawareness of the heritage, mainly those located in the natural environment and those far from the urban core. Furthermore, there is a tendency to go for a walk in both natural and urban environments, although there is a preference for the natural ones.


Over the last two decades collections management policy and practice in museums has expanded to include collection development, care and use functions. Or has it? A survey of tertiary education course coordinators in 2010 showed that most aspire to the expanded view, but are challenged in conveying it to new generations of museum workers. It appears there may be value in devising an agreed curriculum for collections management training to ensure that students arrive at employing organisations with a deep commitment to cooperate openly with colleagues of diverse professional backgrounds to achieve organisational goals, high workplace productivity and contentment, and sustainability of the museum. This paper proposes that the museum domain's best chance of remaining relevant in the face of an uncertain future is to use the now accepted central role of collections management to unify as a 'museum profession', and together with colleagues from the broader embattled cultural heritage sector, respond coherently to arising challenges.


High-heeled shoes (so-called stilettos) are an important element of women's wardrobe. Unfortunately, wearing high heels forces the ankle joint into plantar flexion. The daily positioning of the foot in plantar flexion can lead to many abnormalities in the human body. This position is unnatural for the organism from the point of biomechanics. The aim of the study was to present the effect of wearing high-heeled shoes (plantar position of the foot) on the activity of the pelvic floor muscles and the associated negative effects, such as urinary incontinence. The authors on the basis of the research showed that the activity of the pelvic floor muscles is the lowest in the dorsiflexion position of the ankle joint. A weakening of the pelvic floor can be associated with urinary incontinence and thus a deterioration of the quality of life.


Resonances in the reaction ${\mathrm{P}}^{31}(p, \ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{S}}^{32}$ which show transitions to the ground or first excited state of ${\mathrm{S}}^{32}$ have been studied for proton energies between 0.68 and 2.35 Mev. Angular distributions have been measured at resonances at 0.816, 0.825, 1.117, 1.146, 1.248, 1.892, 1.985, 2.027, 2.120, 2.320, and 2.340 Mev. These distributions along with the ${\mathrm{P}}^{31}(p, {\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}){\mathrm{Si}}^{28}$ results enabled assignments of 1- to be made for the resonances at 1.892, 2.027, and 2.120 Mev, of 1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} for those at 0.825, 1.117, 1.985, 2.320, and 2.340 Mev, and of 2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} to that at 1.248 Mev. Partial widths for ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}$ were also measured and are compared with theory. Analysis of the angular distributions at one resonance suggests that the spin of the first excited state of ${\mathrm{S}}^{32}$ at 2.25 Mev is 2+. The reduced proton widths for the three resonances with $J=1\ensuremath{-}$ together amount to 60 percent of the single-particle width.


This article investigates how higher education (HE) experts and training stakeholders perceive the use and value of recognition of prior learning (RPL) in responding to changing learner profiles in the context of increasing economic difficulties globally and their resulting impact on employment, the labour market and education and training systems. The data were gathered as an element of the author's doctoral research. The immediate research context was shaped by a rich policy discourse on social inclusion, mobility, organisational development, personal development, up-skilling and re-skilling in the labour market, and economic regeneration. A Delphi survey was undertaken to gather data on the possible future use and benefits of recognition of prior learning (RPL) in this context. The survey sought the opinions of twenty-two national and international experts from higher education, work-based learning, in-company training, professional bodies, further education, and continuing professional development on the specific advantages and potential usages of RPL to companies and organisations. Analysis of the data found three main areas of divergence and ambiguity, namely: higher education and the recognition of qualifications; higher education and mobility; and higher education and up-skilling and re-skilling. The main findings are presented and discussed below.


The absorption anisotropy of 1,2,4,5 tetramethylbenzene crystals in the region 33 000–40 500 cm–1 is investigated at room and liquid nitrogen temperature. The f-values for both directions of propagation of the light vector in the (001) face were measured and corrected for reflectivity losses. Frequency shifts of the absorption peaks and changes in f-values with temperature are discussed. Comparison of crystal absorption with oriented gas intensities leads to the conclusion that the transition is long-axis polarized. The assignment is discussed in relation to a calculation on crystal shift and Davydov splitting. The probable orientation and magnitude of the transition moment, induced by the crystal field in the unit cell, is indicated.


The existing energetic polymer binders have been classified,their properties are overviewed,and the application of energetic polymer binders in explosives is summarized.At the end,suggestions for the future research are pointed out.


Objective To explore the effect of motivation interview skill on the improvement of withdrawal motivation of amphetamine abusers.Methods Seventy amphetamine abusers were divided into the experimental group and the control group randomly by random number table between January and July 2013.Both groups had 35 subjects.Amphetamine abusers in the control group received conventional medical treatment and nursing,while the amphetamine abusers in the experimental group were treated with motivation interview skill therapy in addition to conventional medical treatment and nursing.The questionnaires on withdrawal motivation were used to evaluate the effects for the improvement of withdrawal motivation of both groups in the first week and third week respectively.Results Scores of the questionnaire on withdrawal motivation of the two groups showed significant differences after hospital treatment compared with before(P 0.05),but the experimental group was much better than the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion Motivation interview skill therapy has a remarkable therapeutic effect for the improvement of withdrawal motivation of amphetamine abusers.


lesions and 10% had left hemispheric lesions. This finding confirms Gainotti's view that denial of depressed mood is common in rightsided lesions. On further analysis of the data, it was found that only 6 among 21 depressed patients with right hemispheric lesions present with denial of depressed mood. Although the reasons for rarity of this symptom remain largely undetermined, this could be explained in the context of intrahemispheric lesions and its correlations with depression and denial of illness in right-sided lesions. The literature suggests that right posterior lesions are correlated with depression, whereas right frontal lesions are correlated with a reaction of indifference that has been associated with denial of illness.Based on this evidence, one may assume that denial of illness is less common among depressed patients with right hemispheric lesions, as the sites of lesions producing depression and those producing denial of illness vary significantly.


Mime artists often use movement to imply the breaking of physical laws: suitcases levitate, air becomes as impermeable as glass. We present the simulated (and actual) violation of a physiologic principle, Hering's Law of Equal Innervation. To provide stereopsis while avoiding double vision , the movements of forward-facing primate eyes must be closely coordinated. In a 19th-century debate , Helmholtz contended that this coordination is a learned process, taming naturally independent eyes. Hering, meanwhile, believed the eyes to be inherently reined to each other and driven by a single control signal. 1 Hering's view predominated and this final common pathway for horizontal eye movement came to be accepted as a unilateral signal to the abdu-cens nucleus. This directly controls the lateral rectus of the ipsilateral, abducting, eye but also necessarily adducts the other eye, via interneurons to the con-tralateral oculomotor nucleus. More recent neurophysiologic evidence, however, indicates that primate saccadic commands can be encoded monocularly, 2 in common with the laterally mounted, independently moving eyes of our distant evolutionary forebears. Binocular coordination might therefore not arise as a necessary consequence of neuroanatomic connectivity. If so, it might be possible to execute voluntary monocular saccades. We present a case of a person with such an ability, generally observed only in response to depth-controlled Müller stimuli in the laboratory. 3 Methods. Hiroshi Yoshimi is a member of a Japa-nese mime duo (http://www.gamarjobat.com) and gave consent to have his images published, preferring not to be anonymized " for commercial reasons. " We first observed and videoed him, aged 39, at a busking festival in Christchurch. On his next visit 2 years later, we recorded his eye movements using binocular horizontal infrared limbus tracking oculography (Skalar IRIS 4) at 200 Hz. The IRIS departs from lin-earity when gaze is more than 20 degrees from center , hence absolute amplitudes and velocities at the extremes of gaze are not quantitatively reliable. He sat, head fixed, approximately 50 cm in front of a CRT monitor, which displayed calibration stimuli but was blank during the recording itself. Results. A typical performance (see video on the Neurology ® Web site at www.neurology.org) begins with both eyes deviated to extreme right orbital positions. He then taps his right temple repeatedly, providing a subjective impression of causation to the audience that one eye is being bounced along until it knocks the other into motion. Initially, the right eye moves nasally …


Zinc balance was studied during the last trimester of pregnancy in four teenagers. Diets composed of natural foods and mineral salts contained 10.5, 15.0 and 19.5 g nitrogen, and 26, 29 and 32 mg zinc


With the help of ministry of education, the world bank provided a loan for " higher education development items" , the basic laboratory hardware condition of chemical engineering in Shanghai Jiaotong university had been improved. This paper studied and practised the teaching system, teaching content and teaching method of the basic experiments of chemical engineering faced to Shanghai Jiaotong university engineering students. This aim is for using the resource better and exerting their biggest benefits.


This paper considers the proposition that the long run Phillips Curve is vertical except in special cases. It argues that this proposition cannot be sustained once the implications of the government budget constraint are considered. It is then a matter for government policy choice whether the long run Phillips Curve is vertical or non-vertical, and neither case can be considered more general than the other.


Practical anatomy has always required bodies for dissection, and, when legal avenues failed to supply cadavers, more illicit practices developed. Scholarly and popular works on body snatching have addressed grave robbing in the United Kingdom and North America. The rise of American medical schools and their reliance on grave robbing have been well‐documented through substantial works by Suzanne Shultz and Michael Sappol, while the Canadian landscape has yet to be researched as thoroughly. This work begins to fill the gap by focussing on grave robbing in late nineteenth‐century Eastern Ontario. Lying between Toronto, and Montreal, and in close proximity to the American border, the area surrounds Kingston's medical school, founded in 1854. Sources include newspapers, pertinent legislation, and archival records of the Medical Faculty and hospital. They identify dozens of local body‐snatching cases with an uneven distribution through time, and they trace the public and medical reactions to grave robbing for anatomical study. Factors included the shortcomings of legal avenues of cadaver‐acquisition, unclaimed remains in the Kingston Penitentiary, and the city's cemetery practices. A more complete view emerges of early Canadian medical life and a reconsideration of the previously‐suggested grave‐robbing landscape in Canada with its North American implications.


ABSTRACT The European Union, courtesy of Orbán's Fidesz and Kaczyński's Law & Justice, is supposedly experiencing a crisis of values. This article points to two fatal errors in the design of EU values: ambiguity and practical unenforceability. Politicians can exploit these flaws by interpreting ambiguous values in self-serving ways. Based on an analysis of the Hungarian Prime Minister's speeches, it shows that descriptions of Orbán as an unrepentant challenger of EU values miss the mark. Instead, Orbán used the plasticity of EU values to style himself as a pro-European statesman, ready to steer the Union back to its moral roots.


Purpose Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that remains poorly understood, and the diagnosis of MSA continues to be challenging. We endeavored to improve the diagnostic process and understanding of in vivo characteristics of MSA by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Materials and methods Twenty MSA subjects, ten parkinsonian dominant (MSA-P), ten cerebellar dominant (MSA-C), and 20 healthy volunteer subjects were recruited. Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity maps were processed using tract-based spatial statistics. Diffusion data were additionally evaluated in the basal ganglia. A support vector machine was used to assess diagnostic utility, leave-one-out cross-validation in the evaluation of classification schemes, and receiver operating characteristic analyses to determine cutoff values. Results We detected widespread changes in the brain white matter of MSA subjects; however, no group-wise differences were found between MSA-C and MSA-P subgroups. Altered DTI metrics in the putamen and middle cerebellar peduncles were associated with a positive parkinsonian and cerebellar phenotype, respectively. Concerning clinical applicability, we achieved high classification performance on mean diffusivity data in the combined bilateral putamen and middle cerebellar peduncle (accuracy 90.3%±9%, sensitivity 86.5%±11%, and specificity 99.3%±4%). Conclusion DTI in the middle cerebellar peduncle and putamen may be used in the diagnosis of MSA with a high degree of accuracy.


The sub-title of this book best explains its scope a history of black people in Britain from the sixteenth century to the twentieth. The title of the book, Black and White, is a meaningless catch-phrase designed to cash in on the present excitement concerning blackness. In the preface, Dr. Walvin writes: 'Unless in quotation or paraphrase the peculiarly English use of the word &dquo;coloured&dquo; is avoided.' He fails to perceive, however, that the word 'Negro' in the sub-title is equally discredited and unacceptable. 'Negro' is a Western creation, invented to cut off Africans of the Diaspora from Africa. Dr. Walvin traces the origin of the black community in England, and shows how each successive generation of black people in England suffered and suffers legal, economic, and social deprivation because they are black. His account, therefore, illuminates the roots of British racism. Black and White is too short for four centuries of black history in Britain, but as a representational work, however, it is an original scholarly book, spoiled by careless mistakes, glaring omissions, conventional thinking on race, and opinions presented as facts. Only some of the fundamental criticisms can be made in the available space. At the outset, it would be well to say a word on what is probably obvious by now. Walvin is white, an Englishman. I am black, an African.


This study was conducted to determine the fishery product preferences of consumers in Burdur province. A questionnaire study is an important tool that provides to collect information from the participants. Study was carried out face to face with 300 participants who were in range of 17-78 age with a 16 questions using randomized sampling. It was found that 88.3% of the people in Burdur consumed fisheries. It was determined that 91 and 98.1 percent of participants preferred anchovy as sea fish and trout as freshwater fish, respectively. People who had primary school education level had the least fishery consumption with 18.8%. Results showed that fishery consumption is associated with the education level. It is suggested to start necessary education projects in order to increase the consumption level.


NTIL recently Vergd's influence on Spenser was considered extensive but not particularly profound. Despite the debts to Vergil acknowledged by both E. K. and Spenser himself and over three centuries of annotation, most critics agreed with Merritt Hughes: echoes of the Amid in The Faerie Queene are "memories of a time-hallowed but timedimmed reverence." 1 Later critics have seen Vergil's influence as leading to serious imitation based on a "radically" different perception of the Aenkd's "intention and method." 2 The present essay will explore this difference by demonstrating how Spenser's "misreading" (by later standards) leads to a method of epic composition itself both more ancient and more radical than has been recognized. Primarily Spenser views Aeneas not as an abstract moral paradigm but, in a tradition from the earliest Vergd commentators, as an exemplification of virtues. This method of a plural Aeneas Spenser directs in his epic toward his contemporary generation of courtiers; it will offer young men (and women) new possibilities for human nature, actively ethical (vinrrn) and political ( a m ) . The result of such reading is that in Spenser's epic Aeneas becomes more heuristic method than statuesque


The main purpose of this research is to evaluate irradiance levels delivered by non-conventional phototherapy devices.This evaluation can help to save energy, achieve better treatment and improves available intensive phototherapy quality in use in several hospitals in Egypt. The irradiated energy and uniformity of non-conventional phototherapy devices (n=36) were evaluated at nine hospitals in Egypt. These devices were categorized as three groups including; bilibeds with LEDs, bilibed with fluorescent lamps and bilisphere. The irradiance levels were measured using a phototherapy radiometer. The results show that the irradiance levels ranged from 20.3 to 93.1μW.cm-2.nm-1 and the LEDs bilibed devices produce average irradiance levels approximately double of those results from bilisphere with fluorescent lamps. Otherwise, the bilibed with fluorescent lamps (present about 30 % of the non-conventional phototherapy devices studied) is not adequate for intensive phototherapy. Any assessment of the irradiance energy of the phototherapy devices using a suitable calibrated sensor (radiometer) is mandatory in developing countries. The phototherapy devices that produces an adequate and accurate irradiance levels would increase the degradation rate of bilirubin in the blood and hence minimize the necessity to blood transfusion substitution. LEDs bilibeds produce sufficient electromagnetic energy for jaundice treatment. It can be used alone for intensive treatment better than the bilibed with fluorescent lamps and the bilisphere.


The interest is the permanent motivator of student's learning.The authors aim at doing a research on how to motivate the students' learning interest using the principles of Pedagogy and Psychology and the authors also mention the pertinent educational methods about it.


Compared with many other industries, the construction industry is subject to more risk due to the unique features of construction activities. Risk management aims at identifying sources of risk and uncertainty, determining their impact, and developing appropriate management response. A systematic process of risk management has been divided into risk classification, risk identification, risk analysis and risk response. The ability of a fuzzy system to explain its reasoning process is shown to have definite applicability within the field of risk analysis. Also fuzzy set theory is highly subjective and related to inexact and vague information which we deal in construction projects. This paper describes the development of a fuzzy risk analysis model to assess the risks associated with construction projects. At the end of paper, the proposed model is used to assess the associated risk with a construction operation based on evaluations of three evaluators. The results derived from this model indicate a systematic and effective way for risk analysis.


76.1 It is a standard exercise in calculus to show that the cable of a suspension bridge hangs in a parabolic arc when the cable has negligible weight compared to the bridge. (This assumes that the bridge is horizontal.) Is there any way to obtain or interpret this result geometrically? In particular, do the focus and directrix of the parabola have any meaning in the context of the suspension bridge?


Abstract Electroless nickel coating on poly(ethylene terephthalate) board via a copper-catalyzed process is reported. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) was firstly modified by organic silanes to graft thio groups onto its surface, and then covered with copper particles and clusters in solution with dimethyl amineborane as a reducing reagent. This copper-activated board was dipped into a nickel electroless solution for metallization. An Ni/Cu/poly(ethylene terephthalate) composite was obtained in which the copper interlayer served as both catalyst and interlocker for the formation of the composite. X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicated that the metallic layer was composed of Ni and Cu. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the metal layer was smooth with root-mean-square roughness of 5.98 nm (area: 3 μm × 3 μm). The adhesion of the plated film to the polymer was measured to be 16.3 N cm−1, higher than those from traditional processes. The Ni/Cu/poly(ethylene terephthalate) composite was conductive and magnetic, and could be used for electromagnetic interference shielding.


Pair programming is one of the practices of extreme programming. It's a technique in which two programmers work as a pair together on one workstation. One, the driver, writes code while the other, the observer, pointer or navigator, reviews each line of code as it is typed in. The programmer types the code is called driver and the person review the code is called observer or navigator. Some benefits that can expect from pair programming are: better code, higher morale, better time management, higher productivity and shared knowledge throughout team. In this paper nine experiments are conducted on students to evaluate three parameters: programming skills, number of errors in the program and completion time of program. Results indicate that programming skills increases and number of errors in the program reduces when students adopt pair programming but in completion time there is little bit variations. The feedback from the students show the positive result that pair programming improves knowledge transfer and enjoyment of work.


Ants have well‐developed chemosensory systems for social lives. The goal of our study is to understand the functional organization of the ant chemosensory system based on caste‐ and sex‐specific differences. Here we describe the common and sex‐specific glomerular organizations in the primary olfactory center, the antennal lobe of the carpenter ant Camponotus japonicus. Differential labeling of the two antennal nerves revealed distinct glomerular clusters innervated by seven sensory tracts (T1–T7 from ventral to dorsal) in the antennal lobe. T7 innervated 10 glomeruli, nine of which received thick axon terminals almost exclusively from the ventral antennal nerve. Coelocapitular (hygro‐/thermoreceptive), coeloconic (thermoreceptive), and ampullaceal (CO2‐receptive) sensilla, closely appositioned in the flagellum, housed one or three large sensory neurons supplying thick axons exclusively to the ventral antennal nerve. These axons, therefore, were thought to project into T7 glomeruli in all three castes. Workers and virgin females had about 140 T6 glomeruli, whereas males completely lacked these glomeruli. Female‐specific basiconic sensilla (cuticular hydrocarbon‐receptive) contained over 130 sensory neurons and were completely lacking in males' antennae. These sensory neurons may project into T6 glomeruli in the antennal lobe of workers and virgin females. Serotonin‐immunopositive neurons innervated T1–T5 and T7 glomeruli but not T6 glomeruli in workers and virgin females. Because males had no equivalents to T6 glomeruli, serotonin‐immunopositive neurons appeared to innervate all glomeruli in the male's antennal lobe. T6 glomeruli in workers and virgin females are therefore female‐specific and may have functions related to female‐specific tasks in the colony rather than sexual behaviors. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2186–2201, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper, the design and development of an instrumentation system for volumetric measurement of low gas flow rates is presented. The appropriate analysis of the uncertainty propagation is performed and adequate components are chosen to the development of meter in order to perform the measurement with low uncertainty. Experimental results are presented for validating the proposed instrument.


The medical price management in public hospital must follow the accurate,reasonable and fair principles.Based on the current situation of medical price management in public hospitals,this article analyzes the existing problems in the price management of public hospitals and constructs the innovation management model under the new situation,including the improvement of management mechanism,incentive mechanism,examination and approval mechanism,complaints and emergency pre-plan,network supervision mechanism and enhancing the management level.


This report describes the design and implementation of a motion control algorithm for a humanoid robotic head. The humanoid head consists of a neck with four degrees of freedom and two eyes (a stereo pair system) with one common
and one independent degree of freedom. The kinematic and dynamic properties of the head are analyzed and modeled using bondgraphs and screw theory. A motion control algorithm is designed that receives, as input, the output of a vision processing algorithm and utilizes the redundancy of the joints. This algorithm is designed to enable the head to focus on and follow a target, showing
human-like behavior. The dynamic model is used to analyze the performance of the control algorithm in a simulated environment. The algorithm has been implemented and tested on a real-time control platform. The migration from
simulation environment to the real-time platform is governed by a step-by-step integration and testing procedure. After each step, the algorithm output is validated and its performance evaluated. The algorithm is implemented succesfully on a real-time PC-104 platform.


Abstract Let G be a planar graph of n vertices. The paper shows that the decycling number of G is at most n−12 {{n - 1} \over 2} if G has not any K4-minor. If the maximum degree of G is at most four and G is not 4-regular, the paper proves that the decycling number of G is n2 {n \over 2} if and only if G is covered by K4-subgraphs. In addition, the decycling number of G covered by octahedron-subgraphs or icosahedron-subgraphs is studied.


Ion exchange experiments with both commercially available and special newly developed glasses have been performed in order to fabricate passive multimode waveguide components for optical fiber communication. Using the photolithographic process strip waveguides and y-branches have been formed. The refractive index profiles have been measured by a modified refracted near-field (RNF) method.


A construction of 802.16e-compatible uplink sounding sequences is proposed. Ideally, the sounding signals should have low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and low cross correlation. Existing 802.16e sounding sequences are variations of the punctured subsequences of a BPSK Golay sequence with PAPR that may exceed 7dB. The proposed sequences are variations of QPSK Golay sequences that maintain 3dB maximum PAPR and low cross correlation for various multiplexing options in all FFT size with full band sounding.


of multivalve logic design is to reduce number of gates needed and also to reduce interconnect path length. Interconnect path consist of the largest number of gates from input to output. The reason of these two objectives is that they will give extremely good properties when implemented in VLSI. Reducing number of gates will reduce the chip area, and minimizing interconnect path length will give opportunity to use highest clock frequency. In this paper quaternary to binary and binary to quaternary converter are designed. We can design the multivalve logic to binary converter which is use for conversion of ternary-valued input 0,1,2 and quaternary- valued input 0,1,2,3 into corresponding binary-valued output 0,1. The physical design of the circuits is simulated and tested with MICROWIND layout design tool in 50nm technology. The conversion method is simple and compatible with the present CMOS process. The circuits could be embedded in digital CMOS VLSI design architectures.


Porous cordierite ceramics were fabricated from a mixture of coal fly ash and basic magnesium carbonate. The porosity can get higher than 40%, and the pore size distributions are within a very narrow range. The mean pore sizes of the specimens are between 0.6 and 2.4μm. The nitrogen flux values are obtained as high as 22480 m 3 m -2 h -1 bar -1 .


An important factor in understanding the two kinds of presentation is that – seen historically – one or other has at different times moved into the foreground; moreover, that in connexion with the development of music and as a consequence of the continually progressing 'conquest of the pitch-domain', a mixing of the two kinds of presentation was arrived at. Here Webern above all follows Adler, who speaks in his book Der Stil in der Musik (1911) of 'immensely multifarious intermediate and transitional stages from homophonic to polyphonic voice-leading', of their mixing, of a 'to and fro rich in variety, … continual exchange of the two basic kinds, homo – and polyphony' (p. 246). As has already been said, Webern, going beyond this, assumes that the mixing up is caused by a tendency, on the part of the two kinds of presentation, 'mutually (to) permeate each other more and more' (Lecture IV).


The dynamic properties of suspensions of rodlike cellulose microcrystallites (whiskers) are investigated using polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering (DLS, DDLS) and transient electric birefringence (TEB). The whiskers were prepared by controlled sulfuric acid hydrolysis from cotton and tunicate cellulose fibers. Translational (D) and rotational (ϑ) diffusion coefficients in dilute suspensions were measured. For the cotton system, D = 5.5 × 10-8 cm2/s, ϑDDLS = 552 s-1, and ϑTEB = 536 s-1. With the use of Broersma's relations, the rotational and translational diffusion coefficients lead to values of the length L = 255 nm and the cross-section diameter d = 15 nm. For the tunicate-derived whiskers, D = 1.5 × 10-8 cm2/s, ϑDDLS = 11 s-1, and ϑTEB = 14 s-1. These values and Broersma's relations give L = 1160 nm and d = 16 nm. The DDLS and TEB techniques are in good agreement for the rotational diffusion coefficients, especially for the cotton whiskers. These results provide validation for using DDLS...


The objective of this study is to describe the technology of the double skin Facade which is built by installing an additional external wall on the existing insulating external wall in order to reduce energy loss from the surface of the building external skin and which saves energy and copes with the change in the external environment, and to provide the basic data for application of a Phase Change Material to the double skin facade by reviewing Phase Change Materials which are types of thermal storage systems in order to complement the shortcomings of the Double Skin Facade e System for energy saving.


FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: plate includes at least one current-conducting material in approximate amount of 50-95 per cent by mass of separator plate, at least one resin in approximate amount of 5 per cent by mass of separator plate and at least one hydrophilic agent. Material conducting current, resin and hydrophilic agent are in substance uniformly distributed over separator plate. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to manufacture inexpensive proton-exchange diaphragm with improved properties for removal of water and internal humidification. 50 cl, 5 dwg, 5 tbl


PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of an instant cup bibimbap is provided to fill a cup with meat stock of boiled beef bones and mutton tallow and boiled rice with soy sauce and red pepper paste and pack the same. CONSTITUTION: Meat stock of boiled beef bones and mutton tallow is prepared by leaving the beef bones and mutton tallow in cold water for 8-12 hours to remove blood and fat and boiling on high heat for 18-22 hours. The meat stock of boiled beef bone is poured into miscellaneous cereals, and vegetables are added before rice is cooked by using steam. 3-7 minutes before the rice is cooked in steam, one or more vegetables such as bean sprouts, white radish, dried radish greens, and sweet potato are added therein, and the rice is cooked in steam. Steam air for steam circulation is formed by using a mold after filling a container with the meat stock and rice. Red pepper source(8) is manufactured by mixing red pepper, plum extract, garlic, grinded apple and pear, shelled onion, brown sugar, and starch syrup, and the mixture is matured for 45-51 hours. The soy sauce and red pepper sauce are filled in the container and packed.


The author presents a new conception of distinguishing taxonomic units, while taking into .account a precise class of characters, It is shown on the taxonomy of species of Delia Dum., Spergula L., and Spergularia Presl., growning in Poland and based on the interpretation of the dendrite in the author's taxonomic investigations.


In order to solve the target detecting and target division problem with dynamic and determinate nature of target grouping, a new target grouping arithmetic is used in this paper. By introducing the mathematics structures and characteristic of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Singular Rough sets (IFS-RS) and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Singular Rough Assistant sets (IFS-RAS), a space group is described with a two direction Intuitionistic Fuzzy Singular sets, and its dynamic targets compose of the assistant sets of IFS-RS. The correctness and validity of the developed methods are verified by target division example. The analysis of achieved results shows that the methods can dispose the dynamic problems of target detecting and target division flexible and it offered new study ways for research uncertain problems of dynamic systems.


This article addresses what is still an under-examined issue in social mobility literature: the role played by women in the transmission of social advantages and life chances. We include models that incorporate both progenitors for those who were born in Spain between 1926 and 1976. We selected this country due to the far-reaching transformations experienced there for the female population in recent decades in terms of fertility rates, labor market, and educational mobility. Our results show that joint models that consider the influence of both the mother's and father's social class more accurately predict children's social mobility than models that only considers the father's social class. Contrary to previous studies, we do not find a clear movement toward a more open society, but rather a gendered fluctuation. While the social fluidity of sons has remained constant over time, daughters have experienced an intense process of social fluidity.


: Picture books are a motivating tool at early educational stages and they may extend students' vocabulary and foster children' bilingual education by introducing vocabulary in real a classroom context Moreover, these resources promote positive intercultural values among learners. Firstly, this paper discusses the benefits of using picture books at early educational stages Then, it analyses the main intercultural values in Elmer by David McKee (1989); later, it shows a classroom intervention on Elmer , focusing on the bilingual CLIL approach Finally, it states some conclusions, which have to do with the potential of this particular picture book


Lettuce cultivation in the organic system is increasing in Brazil. However, the cultivation in the organic system requires the use of seeds from the organic system as per the Brazilian legislation. There is little research on the agronomic performance and the physiological quality of lettuce seeds in the organic system. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the production and physiological quality of lettuce seeds in the organic and mineral system. Two experiments were carried out in the Experiment I [Experiment I (Cover Plants in Absence of poultry litter) and Experiment II (Cover Plants in the Presence of poultry litter) using the randomized block design (DBC) and four replications in both experiments. To evaluate the effect of the mineral, in the two experiments, four plots were reserved in each experiment, also randomized in DBC, so that the transplanting of the lettuce was carried out in the conventional (mineral) condition without the presence of cover plants and poultry litter. It was verified that the organic fertilization with poultry litter associated with different green fertilization as cover plant is a viable alternative to the production of lettuce and seeds in organic system. The replacement of mineral fertilization by organic is beneficial to the development of lettuce and its seeds. Produção e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de alface cultivada com adubação orgânica e


Nickel-based superalloys are widely used in manufacturing of several important components of aeronautics and land based gas turbines. The good high temperature resistance of these materials is due to their particular microstructure consisting of a FCC lattice nickel matrix, called γ, strengthened by precipitation of a coherent second phase Ni3 (Ti,Al) known as γ′. During service at very high temperatures, γ′ precipitates tend to lose their initial configuration and change their size, shape and distribution, so decreasing material properties, in particular creep resistance. In this work the evolution of microstructure in a serviced first stage bucket from a GE machine has been examined. Several cross sections taken at different heights along the airfoil have been observed by SEM, obtaining a detailed map of the microstructure in the component. A quantitative evaluation of service temperature in the different areas has then been achieved by γ′ precipitates size determination by means of image analysis, combined with a γ′ coarsening model optimized for the particular alloy in use. Temperature values so obtained have been compared with those resulting from the finite element method (FEM) temperature distribution performed during design stage.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


1. Bucharest, Mexico and Cairo 2. From Family Planning to Reproductive Health 3. Population and Development 4. The Empowerment of Women 5. Partnership with the Non-Governmental Sector 6. Mobilizing Resources for Population Programmes 7. The Cairo Agenda and the International Community 8. Institutional Response 9. Implementing the Cairo Agenda Notes And References Bibliography Appendix 1: Chronology of Major Events Relating to International Conference on Population and Development


Abnormal blood lipid metabolism and oxidation damage were important causation of atherosclerosis.The level of serum trace elements in human influences blood lipid metabolism,anti-oxidation function and atherosclerosis.


This study evaluated the impact of serum uric acid (sUA) on the accuracy of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) pooled cohort equations (PCE) model, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation score 2 (SCORE2) and SCORE2-Older Persons (OP).

 We evaluated 19,789 asymptomatic self-referred adults aged 40–79 years who were screened annually in a preventive healthcare setting. All subjects were free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes at baseline. sUA levels were expressed as a continuous as well as dichotomous variable (categorized into sex-specific tertiles, with the upper tertiles defined as high sUA). Mortality and cancer data were available for all subjects from nationwide registries. The primary endpoint was the composite of death, acute coronary syndrome and stroke, after excluding subjects diagnosed with lymphatic spread cancer during follow up.

 Mean age of study population was 50±8 years and 69% were men. During median follow up of 6 years [2.0–13.1], 1,658 (8%) subjects reached the study endpoint. ASCVD, SCORE2 risk and high sUA were all independently associated with the study endpoint in the multivariable Cox regression model (p<0.001 for all). Continuous net reclassification improvement analysis showed an improvement of 13% in the accuracy of classification when high sUA was added to the PCE and SCORE2 models (p<0.001 for both). sUA remained independently associated with the study endpoint among normal-weight subjects in the SCORE 2 model (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6) but not among overweight individuals (p for interaction = 0.01). Addition of sUA to the models in normal-weight subgroup (N=6,624) resulted in a significant 20% improvement in the model performance for both SCORE2 and ASCVD when sUA was incorporated as dichotomous variable (p<0.001 for ASCVD and p=0.026 for SCORE2 model).

 sUA significantly improves classification accuracy of PCE and SCORE 2 models. This effect is especially pronounced among normal weight subjects.

 Type of funding sources: None.


A concentration process for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs n-3) stearidonic (18:4 n-3), eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6 n-3) from cod liver oil using urea method has been thoroughly studied. The influence of urea/fatty acid ratio and crystallization temperature have been studied on both fatty acids recovery yield and fatty acid concentration. Methanol and ethanol have been used as urea solvent. The use of methanol and an urea/fatty acid ratio of 4:1, and 4°C were found to be the best conditions for SA (concentration 8,5%, yield 71,6) and DHA (59,8% and 100%, respectively). However, 28oC was found to be the best temperature for EPA (28,7% and 75,6%, respectively). At temperatures below -12oC, PUFAs also developed adducts compounds, mainly adducts derived from EPA. A variance analysis showed the urea/fatty acid ratio as the main factor affecting fatty acid concentration. At the same time, high urea/fatty acid ratios resulted in increased influence of the solvent used, being more favorable for methanol.


In the title compound, [Cu(C6H8O4S2)(C10H9N3)]n, the 3,3′-dithiodipropionate anion, which acts as a bridge, is tetradentate to di-2-pyridylamine-coordinated copper(II) ions, forming a polymeric helical chain. The geometry of the copper(II) ion is that of a distorted octahedron. There are hydrogen bonds between two adjacent helical chains.


Leaf water potential ("'ed) determinations were made on excised leaf samples using a commercial dew point hygrometer (Wescor Inc., Logan, Utah) and a thermocouple psychrometer operated in the isopiestic mode. With soybean leaves (Glycine max L.), there was good agreement between instruments; equilibration times were 2 to 3 hours. With cereals (Triticum aestivum L. and Hordeum vulgare L.), agreement between instruments was poor for moderately wilted leaves when 7-mm-diameter punches were used in the hygrometer and 20-mm slices were used in the psychrometer, because the Peg values from the dew point hygrometer were too high. Agreement was improved by replacing the 7-mm punch samples in the hygrometer by 13-mm slices, which had a lower cut edge to volume ratio. Equilibration times for cereals were normally 6 to 8 hours. Spuriously high 'WI' values obtained with 7-mm leaf punches may be associated with the ion release and reabsorption that occur upon tissue excision; such errors evidently depend both on the species and on tissue water status. Recently, a new vapor phase system (a dew point hygrometer) for measuring the water potential (T) of solutions, soils, and excised plant tissues has become commercially available (Wescor Inc., Logan, Utah; Model HR-33[T] Dew Point Microvoltmeter with C-52 or C-51 sample chamber) and is now commonly used to estimate 1Ieaf with excised samples. The dew point principle was first discussed by Neumann and Thurtell (8) and the theoretical basis of the Wescor hygrometer has been thoroughly described by Campbell et al. (5). We present a comparison, using excised leaf tissue of three species, between the Wescor dew point hygrometer and a thermocouple psychrometer used in the isopiestic mode (3), the latter technique being accepted as an accurate method for determining leaf water potentials (9). Our comparison is primarily one of sample size and geometry rather than instrument, because both instruments sense the vapor pressure of an atmosphere in equilibrium with the chemical potential of the water in the plant tissue (2, 5). Furthermore, the dew point hygrometer is essentially an isopiestic system which obtains a null exchange between the water drop on the thermocouple junction and the atmosphere by varying the junction temperature, while the thermocouple psychrometer 1 Research carried out under United States Energy Research and Development Administration Contract EY-76-C-02-1338. 2 Cooperative investigation of the MSU-ERDA Plant Research Laboratory and Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Article No. 8061. permits a null point measurement by a change in the osmotic potential of the drop on the thermocouple ring. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material and Growing Conditions. Soybean (Glycine max L., cv. Hark) plants for the hygrometer/psychrometer comparisons were grown singly in paper cups in soil, under Sylvania Gro-Lux lights (14-hr days) in the laboratory. Soybeans for the ion reabsorption experiments were planted six/pot (9 x 9 x 14 cm) in soil, and grown in growth chamber conditions described previously (7). All soybean plants were used before they flowered. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Genesee) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Proctor) plants were grown six/pot (7 x 12 cm) in -perlite. The plants were used after 17 to 21 days growth in the conditions given previously (7). Water Potential Measurements. Both the dew point hygrometer and the thermocouple psychrometer were calibrated with sucrose solutions of known osmotic potential. Measurements of Tleaf were made at room temperature (22 + 2 C) with the dew point hygrometer using the dew point mode as described in the HR-33(T) instruction manual. Hygrometer Tleaf readings were taken at approximately 30-min intervals until readings fluctuated about a constant value. Thermocouple psychrometer Tl,eaf determinations were made using the technique described by Boyer and Knipling (3) and Boyer (2) except that a Keithley 150B microvolt ammeter was used to read thermocouple voltage outputs, in place of a galvanometer. Washing the leaf surfaces before 'Pieaf measurements had no effect on either final Tleaf values obtained or equilibration times. Errors in thermocouple psychrometer Pleaf values due to heat produced by respiration (2) were less than 0.25 bars. All data presented are for unwashed leaf tissue and are not corrected for heat produced by respiration. A range Of Tieaf values was obtained in leaf tissue either by wilting intact plants or by excising turgid leaves and allowing them to dry before sampling. Sampling Techniques. Soybean leaf samples to be compared in the hygrometer and psychrometer were taken from the same leaflet (youngest or second youngest, fully expanded trifoliate). Samples for the dew point hygrometer were obtained with a paper punch (about 7 mm diam, to fit into the intermediate sized sample holders supplied with the C-52 sample chamber). The thermocouple psychrometer samples were cut with a circular punch having a diameter equal to that of the psychrometer sample chamber (about 20 mm). Two sampling methods were used for cereals. In early experiments, the second leaf blade was sampled for the dew point 131 www.plantphysiol.org on May 2, 2019 Published by Downloaded from Copyright © 1978 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. NELSEN, SAFIR, AND HANSON hygrometer using a sharp stainless steel cork borer (about 7 mm diam). The cork borer was used because samples punched from the tough and fibrous cereal leaves sustained considerable damage during sampling with the paper punch. Sampling started 20 mm from the excised leaf base and consisted of a 7-mm hygrometer punch sample, the psychrometer sample (two 20mm slices cut with a sharp razor blade), and a second 7-mm hygrometer punch sample; the two hygrometer sample values were averaged for comparison with the thermocouple psychrometer value. In later experiments a sampling technique designed to minimize both tissue damage and cut edge to volume ratio was adopted. The hygrometer sample was a 13-mm leaf slice cut with a sharp razor blade, and pushed gently down into the largest Wescor sample holder (9 mm diam x 5 mm deep) forming a U shape. Sampling started 20 mm from the leaf base and consisted of a 13-mm hygrometer sample slice, two 13-mm slices for the psychrometer sample, and a second 13-mm hygrometer sample slice. Again, the hygrometer Pleaf values obtained were averaged for comparison with the psychrometer T1eaf value. Psychrometer samples were changed to 13-mm slices, to make them equivalent to hygrometer sample lengths, after previously determining that varying psychrometer sample lengths from 13 mm to 50 mm did not significantly alter the measuredTleaf value. Ion Reabsorption Experiments. Batches of 14 punches from second leaves of barley or the youngest fully expanded trifoliates of soybean were foil-wrapped and incubated for various times before a wash with 5 ml of water shaken for 10 min. The specific conductance of the wash water was then measured. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As indicated earlier, the hygrometer and the psychrometer share fundamental principles of operation; Figure 1A demonstrates that the expected agreement between water potential values measured by the two instruments can be achieved with soybean. Equilibration times in the hygrometer and the psychrometer were similar and ranged from 2 to 3 hr. Figure 1B shows results obtained with wheat using 7-mm leaf punches in the dew point hygrometer and 20-mm leaf slices in the thermocouple psychrometer. Poor agreement between the two techniques is apparent for intermediate *leaf values (i.e. between -5 and -15 bars). Using this sampling method for barley gave similar, poor results. Equilibration times for both cereals in both instruments were in the range of 6 to 8 hr, when tissue was turgid or semiturgid. When tissue was severely wilted (i.e. N'leaf lower than about -15 to -20 bars) the equilibration times shortened, particularly in the dew point hygrometer where equilibration was usually reached within 1 to 2 hr. The discrepancies found in Tleaf measurements with the cereals (Fig. 1B) may result from the small sample size or, more specifically, from the ratio of damaged to intact cells in the 7-mm leaf punch. When tissue is damaged during sampling, cell sap is released. Barrs and Kramer (1) have shown that the remaining intact cells will reabsorb ions (and presumably nonionic solutes, too) from this sap. In the range where cells are not quite fully turgid, as intact cells actively reabsorb solutes released by cells damaged in sampling, the remaining released (extracellular) cell sap will become relatively dilute. Water will then flow down a T gradient into the intact cells. As the intact cell volume increases, the increase in pressure potential will be greater than the decrease in osmotic potential caused by solute uptake and a spuriously high equilibrium water potential value will be measured (1, 4, 10). Since an "edge effect" caused by the high cut (damaged) edge to volume ratio in the 7-mm punches (5.7 cm-') was suspected as a possible source of error, water potential measurea -30


Predictions for vertical diffusion hypothesis are compared to measurements in tracer-gas plume of an aircraft-mounted gas chromatograph. Sampling was performed to measure crosswind-integrated concentration profiles as predicted by two-dimensional diffusion-advection equation of gradient-transfer theory. Good agreement was found between measurement and theory; however, the Gaussian plume model fails to predict the data.


The room temperature polar-optical-phonon-limited two-dimensional electron mobility in AlxGa1−xN∕GaN heterostructures is calculated taking into account the interaction of conduction electrons and interface-phonon modes. The polar optical oscillations are described via the uniaxial dielectric continuum model. Electron–polar-optical-phonon scattering rates are evaluated from a general expression that is always valid as long as the interaction Hamiltonian matrix elements depend only on the magnitude of the phonon wave vector. Values for the 300K low-field mobility (μ) of a few hundreds cm2∕Vs are obtained within a simplified relaxation time scheme involving electron-phonon absorption scattering rates. It is found that the way of describing the electronic states in the conduction band strongly affects the calculation of μ. The typical triangular well model gives the poorest results compared with a previously proposed analytical approximation of the conduction band potential profile. We present a discussion on...


The calculation of slow neutron scattering cross sections for simple classical liquids by means of Mori's continued fraction representation was discussed in a previous article on the basis of the long-time approximation. In the present work it is shown that by going beyond the long-time approximation one can eliminate certain difficulties that arose in the previous work. This new approach yields results equivalent to those found by Kadanoff and Martin, and others, from linear response theory. Numerical calculations are made for liquid argon and compared with available experimental data.


In this issue we have 21 original articles with 4 attached editorials, and 1 case report. The following topics were addressed: ▶ A review of emerging biophotonic techniques in endoscopy (=a combination of endoscopic technology and disease biomarkers which could help to better detect, characterize and target high risk lesions). Their respective advantages and cons are discussed such as the clinical experience already reported. ▶ Endoscopist-directed nurse-administered Propofol sedation evaluated in 33539 procedures: a medical teamwas only called 23 times for rescue, mainly for gastroscopy and in case of high ASA scores. ▶ Another advocacy for the use of ultrathin caliber endoscopes in routine (from a series of 1028 patients) even if the image quality is suboptimal in comparison to regular endoscope due to the difference in CCD size. ▶ 2 cases of endoscopic injection of AUTOLOGOUS fibrin glue to treat esophageal leaks. ▶ The bacteremia rate following endoscopic variceal therapy: a meta-analysis from 19 prospective studies shows a 13% rate, lower for ligation (6%) than for sclerosis (17%) and higher in case of emergency procedures. The authors conclude these data are consistent with the current ASGE guidelines ▶ The circumferential distribution of MalloryWeiss tears: 190 cases (including 100 occurring during endoscopic procedures) were analyzed. Location along the lesser curvature of the stomach and the right lateral angle of the esophagus (2to 4-o'clock position) was the most frequent. 5.8% required blood transfusion ▶ A new strategy to approach the lesions for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) which helps to reduce the procedure duration for less-experienced endoscopist, as demonstrated in a series of 238 lesions. ▶ A robot made of 2 articulated arms mounted on a double-channel endoscope to help for ESD: using a model of ex-vivo porcine stomach, even non endoscopists succeeded to perform an ESD. ▶ Two versatile devices for all ESD steps: the first one, already commercialized and called the clutch cutter can grasp, pull, coagulate, and incise. An en-bloc resection rate of 99.7% and a R0 resection rate of 95.3% were observed in a prospective series of 375 patients with superficial gastric carcinoma. Another instrument made of an active wire can present with different shapes depending on the steps of the ESD procedure and has been tested in 8 pigs. ▶ The performance of narrow band imaging (NBI) and confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) to examine the duodenum of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The high accuracy rates of NBI and CLE for the diagnosis of duodenal adenoma observed in 26 patients suggest that these technologies will soon replace classical chromoendoscopy with Indigocarmin during FAP patient surveillance. ▶ A laparoscopy-guided transgastric approach to perform ERCP in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery as an alternative to enteroscopy assistance: Cannulationwas successful in all 23 cases. Advantages and disadvantages (for example: if ERCP should be repeated) are discussed. ▶ A loop-type guidewire to less traumatize the intra-ampullary pancreatic and biliary ducts during ERCP and to thus facilitate duct cannulation: a randomized study on 320 patients demonstrates a lower rate of ERCP-induced acute pancreatitis. ▶ EUS-guided tissue acquisition comparing two different 19-gauge core biopsy needles in a multicenter, randomized study: a new fine needle biopsy had a higher accuracy (88% vs. 62%) and required less crossover biopsies than a conventional tru-cut biopsy (2% vs. 65%). ▶ The potential role of molecular pathology to predict malignancy within pancreatic neoplastic cyst, as shown in a Markov decision model. ▶ The feasibility and safety of portable inhaled Methoxyflurane for colonoscopy in patients with morbid obesity and/or obstructive sleep apnea. Compared with anesthesia-assisted deep sedation, Methoxyflurane was associated with a lower incidence of respiratory desaturation, a faster recovery and a lower cost.


It can be said that the relationship between language and context is best manifested through the concept of deixis. It refers to a set of expressions whose interpretation depends on the context in which they appear. The current study tries to present a thorough review of the topic in question from a pragmatic perspective,  enhancing its different categories, functions, and shedding some light on its relation to the phenomenon of  indexicality.  Deixis  has not been given its due attention. Thus, this study attempts to bridge this gap in the literature through answering the following questions: What are the categories of deixis? What is the role of context in interpreting deixis?  And what is the relation between deixis and indexicality?


Objective The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on drug sensitivity of Vp-16 and DDP to PLA-801D(human lung giant call cancer line)was investigated in-vitro.Methods MTT assay was used .Results (1) T3 had no effect on the proliferation of PLA-801D. The concentration of T3 had no obvious change after the T3 effected on PLA-801D. (2)T3 was found to enhance significantly the anticancer activity of Vp-16 as long as T3 was present. There was no correlation between the chemosensitivity and the T3's concentration and the action time. (3) T3 could not sensitize PLA-801D to DDP. Conclusion T3 could sensitize PLA-801D to the anticancer activity of Vp-16 in-vitro.


The structure of the title compound, poly[di-μ-pentanoato-zinc(II)], [Zn{CH3(CH2)3COO}2]n, consists of a three-dimensional polymeric layered network with sheets parallel to the (100) plane, in which tetrahedrally coordinated zinc(II) ions are connected by pentanoate bridges in a syn–anti arrangement. The hydrocarbon chains are in the fully extended all-trans conformation and are arranged in a tail-to-tail double bilayer.


ABSTRACT Nowadays farmers are interested in moving to organic cultivation. The purpose of this experiment was to compare two organic, with or without effective microorganisms (EM), and one conventional greenhouse pepper cropping systems. We focused on the study of the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N, P, K) concentrations in leaves plants, soil, and soil solution during the full production cycle to detect any plant nutrient deficiencies and differences in crop yield for the three different treatments. Foliar analyses showed good concentrations of nutrients with conventional treatment, but P was low with organic ones. However, P content in soil was high, because this element is easily precipitated in carbonated soil. Pepper yield was higher in conventional treatment and no differences in productivity were found between the two organic treatments. The role of EM was not clear on the development of plants and fruits; however it seems to influence the N mineralization in organic treatments.


Spring rye variety Chulpan 7 was studied under conditions of southern forest-steppe of Bashkortostan Republic. Soil of experimental plot was leached chernozem with heavy loamy granulometric composition, with organic matter content 9.35%, available phosphorus 80 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium 110 mg/kg. Depth of humus horizon constitutes 45 cm, рН 5.6. Sowing was conducted in four-course rotation with the following crops: pure fallow, winter rye, spring wheat, barley. Introduction of calurea 30 kg/ha and treatment with the insecticide Bi-58 Novyi were conducted in spring in frozen-thawed soil. Experiment research showed that winter rye shoots formed not simultaneously, but in certain consequence. The process of shoot formation lasted for 61 days, and the last shoot appeared 49 days after formation of the main shoot. Time of shoot formation determines the further growth and development of a plant. The later a shoot forms, the more accelerated it develops, and therefore, it has lower morphometric indices. The period «ear formation blossoming» of VI formation order shoot (8th day) was twice shorter than of the main shoot (15th day). In general the difference in duration of VI formation order vegetation constituted 41 days. The processes of growth and development of shoots of different formation order run in different external conditions. Dissimilar external conditions along with nonsimultaneous formation determine morphometric parameters of shoots of different formation order. Length of culm stem of the first formation order was in average 93.8 cm, and of the VI formation order 38.9 cm, ear length 10.9 cm and 5.9 cm, respectively. Mass of 1 cm of culm decreased from 6.87 mg to 4.17 mg, culm diameter and thickness decreased from 3.883 mm to 2.142 mm and from 0.476 mm to 0.287 mm, respectively. Ears of stems of the III, IV and V orders formed with higher ear density 3.29; 3.32 and 3.15, respectively. The ears of the main, second and sixth formation orders were relatively pithy (2.59-2.92).


Interconnect structure for electrically connecting a semiconductor chip to a substrate, comprising: a. one made of a dielectric material interconnect structure body having a contact surface and an opposite bonding surface; b. a plurality of spaced around the periphery of the contact surface of contact pads; c. a plurality of substantially arranged over the entire area of the bonding surface of the bonding pad; and d. That each line connects a plurality of electrical conductor tracks which are arranged substantially within the interconnect structure body such one of the contact pads to a corresponding one of the bonding pads, marked by e. a defined within the interconnect structure body sealed cooling channel; and f. a substantially fills the cooling tunnel fluid medium.


The amount of recycling of reclaimed asphalt (RA) in new asphalt pavements has grown up to the point that it is no longer simply an isolated green construction alternative but a common practice in almost all Europe. However, in general the share of recycling the RA in new asphalt courses is rather lower than it could be technically, especially in wearing layers. This paper presents the first results of a research on the feasibility of going toward 100% recycling of asphalt pavements into surface courses. The research is carried out within a two-year CEDR Transnational Road Research project, AllBack2Pave, coordinated by the Technische Universität Dresden in Germany together with two European university partners: University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom and University of Palermo in Italy. The main objective of the project is to stablish, through laboratory test on binders and asphalt mixes, whether the use of high rates of RA is feasible in developing mixes with high level of durability. The paper focuses on one of the major challenges faced in the project: implementation of proper laboratory tests to characterize the RA and development of sound design practices to account the effect of the RA on the volumetric and mechanical properties of the final mix.


Transition-metal-free base-controlled highly regioselective synthesis of alkyl 1,2-bis(boronates) or 1,1,2-tris(boronates) from various terminal alkynes has been disclosed. These reactions are efficient, practical and mild with good regioselectivity, excellent functional group tolerance as well as good scalability, which provide general and complementary methods to access multiborylated alkanes from various terminal alkynes.


Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the most widely used agents for reducing facial skin lines. However, injectable HA gel has also been used recently for glans penis augmentation. Herein, we report a case wherein glans penis nodules developed following injection of HA.A 35-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of an irregularly shaped nodule on his glans penis. He had undergone phimosiectomy 10 years previously and also underwent HA injection into his glans penis for glans penis augmentation, [...]


Abstract : Time-varying a.c. arcs or positive columns are used in discharges in gas mixtures, especially laser discharges and a d.c. discharge may spontaneously support oscillations or turbulence. An analysis is made of the errors that arise in line-intensity measurements due to the experimental averaging of the time-varying intensities caused by electron-temperature fluctuations in continuous plasma sources. These calculations are applicable for both periodic and for random electron-temperature fluctuations. A method, which is shown to be subject to less error, is to use a polychromator and to measure the average ofthe instantaneous line-intensity ratio. The results are presented in a series of graphs in both dimensional and non-dimensional form to cover the parameter space of interest in the diagnostics of most turbulent plasmas. (Author Modified Abstract)


This paper presents a Cartesian network of CMOS oscillators distributed on a chip and synchronized by a network of all-digital PLLs in phase and in frequency. Such a network may be used for generation of a global clock in large digital systems on chip. The originality of the work is in the use of a solution essentially based on digital circuits. This offers many opportunities for implementation of different algorithms of synchronization, depending on the application context and operational conditions. The synchronization algorithm is based on a PI control applied to the phase error measured between neighbors. In this way, the global synchronization is achieved through a local control: such an architecture is compatible with the concept of networks on chip, a largely spread concept in the worlds of VLSI circuits. The paper presents two prototypes demonstrating the feasibility and reliability of the proposed solution for synchronization.


The results of two controlled intervention studies in older women using dietary supplements of calcium and vitamin D, as part of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) studies, were reported in major medical journals, regarded as authoritative by the general public (1,2). One of these reports dealt with the effects of these dietary supplements on the risk of colorectal cancer (1). The public news media generally reported negative results as summarized in the abstracts of these articles and in the associated press releases. However, the full text of the articles contained a great deal of qualifying data, including high basal dietary intake of calcium in the subjects involved (nearly twice the U.S. average intake), vitamin D intake at close to recommended levels (at least twofold the U.S. average), low compliance with intervention (only about 70% of subjects reported more than 50% compliance), probably inadequate duration of intervention, low intervention dosage of vitamin D, and a significant 2.5-fold increase in risk of colorectal cancer in the lowest 25-hydroxy vitamin D quartile. These "qualifiers" in the authors' text were generally omitted from the journal abstracts and the media coverage. An exception was The Wall Street Journal, which issued a detailed and critical analysis of the publications of the WHI studies (3), and Jane Brody's article in The New York Times, whose message was "Read the fine print. Stay the course." This review is intended to clarify, for readers of this journal who are concerned with the relation between diet and cancer, some of the design flaws and qualifying data of the WHI study report of the trial of calcium and vitamin D supplementation and colorectal cancer risk (1). Some detailed comments:


Some of the salient findings of genetic studies on maize carried out over a period of twenty-two years since 1939 are herein presented. This period is divisible into two. In the first fourteen years, genic analyses of 27 mutant characters were mainly made at the Hokkaido University. In this period, 55 genes were analyzed, and linkage relationships of 39 out of these 55 were ascertained. Mapping of 18 of these loci on the maize chromosome map established was possible (Table 1). In the subsequent eight years, 1953 to the current year, researches were on the characteristics of oriental maize in relation to the expression of heterosis. This work was done at the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Hiratsuka.


The study investigated the impact of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme on the phenomenon of female trafficking in South‐South Nigeria. To this end, six research questions were raised. These revolved around: (i) resource situation and adequacy of training provided for repatriated trafficked victims in the service provider centre; (ii) efforts in the formal education sector of the UBE to curb female trafficking; and (iii) parents and female students' disposition toward female trafficking. The design of the study was descriptive survey. The sample was 420 female students and their parents as well as 100 teachers in the formal segment of the UBE programme and 130 repatriated trafficked victims in a service provider centre. Four sets of instruments were utilised to generate data for the study. The first was quantitative designed to elicit information on the resource situation of the service provider centre and the adequacy of the training given to the repatriated victims for employment purposes. The other instruments were qualitative and they generated information on the other foci of the study. The findings of the study were: available resources at the service provider centre for repatriated victims were inadequate; no aspect of the content of the UBE programme was targeted at the curbing of female trafficking; a majority of the female students and a few parents were well disposed toward female trafficking. The challenges experienced by the management of the trafficking service provider centre were: inadequate funding, and willingness to be re‐trafficked by repatriated trafficked victims as well as pressure from parents on trainees to be re‐trafficked. The conclusion that can be drawn from the study is that the Universal Basic Education progamme has not made significant impact on the community in the issue of female trafficking. The implication of the finding is that female trafficking will continue increasing in South‐South Nigeria unless a concerted effort is made in the UBE programme to address the issue.