I thank Dr. Ciani for his comments (1) on our article evaluating the photosensitizing potential of commonly used light bulbs (2). I appreciate that his comments are prompted by safety concerns regarding artificial light sources, and making sure that accurate data are presented so that informed decisions can be made concerning their use. Below, I respond to the issues raised in his Letter to the Editor, and believe that a convincing case is made in support of the findings presented in our original paper. A recent article in Parademagazine, referring to certain skin conditions including porphyria, rekindles previous and still legitimate concerns regarding the safety of the fluorescent light. Previous controversial phototoxicity reports lack any experimental spectral information about the light sources used in most of those studies. Some controversies could be caused by light distributions different from the manufacturer's specifications for the light sources. A central issue is to be able to reliably compare two different bulbs in a simple and practical manner. Dr. Ciani questions the methodology and instrumentation we chose to enable such comparisons, and then extends his comments to areas such as direct UV effects and phototoxicity mechanisms, which were not subjects of our published study. As stated in its title, our Rapid Communication only addresses the photosensitizing potential of small compact fluorescent and incandescent light bulbs, not other more energetic artificial light sources and their potentially deleterious medical responses. One approach to compare photosensitizing potentials of two bulbs is to measure the energy of the light absorbed by a photosensitizer known to be responsible for a given disease. We used this approach and selected protoporphyrin IX as a known test chromophore responsible for porphyria. The photosensitization by protoporphyrin is due to the formation of the excited triplet state, which is a precursor of singlet oxygen and, potentially, free radicals formed in the presence of appropriate electron donors. A similar photosensitization mechanism is attributable to riboflavin, which is also a known natural photosensitizer. Photosensitization of singlet oxygen activates oxygen, which is often consumed, but does not cause photosensitizer bleaching. While both compounds absorb mostly visible light, the absorption spectrum of riboflavin is at shorter wavelengths. Thus, contrary to the implication of Dr. Ciani's comment, some diseases like porphyria are actually caused by visible light, possibly aggravated by any UV exposure and potential photoallergy. The comment of Dr. Ciani questions the validity of our experimental approach in addressing the practical, yet essential problem outlined above. One concern is related to our choice of absorption spectra instead of medical action spectra. We chose absorption spectra because medical action spectra are often undefined or nonexistent for specific photosensitizers. Dr. Ciani suggests using the fluorescence excitation spectrum, but this spectrum is not an appropriate surrogate for the action spectrum of a biological or medical response because it is a distorted reflection of the absorption spectrum of the absorbing and emitting chromophore. The degree of distortion in the spectral response of the fluorescence excitation spectrum depends on experimental conditions such as light pathlengths, inner-filter effects, concentration, purity and the spectrophotochemical complexity of the chromophore. The units of the fluorescence excitation spectrum are ambiguous and are not a reliable measure of the amount of absorbed light energy, and so comparisons of such spectra do not provide quantitative information. For modeling studies, the best basis for comparison is the absorption spectrum, which allows quantitative calculation of the absorbed energy based on the Beer–Lambert law and the lamp's emission profiles. It is conceptually curious indeed to expect, as Dr. Ciani suggests, that the energy emitted via fluorescence is better suited to represent the absorbed energy needed for photoreaction(s). The absorbed radiation energy is the principal requirement for photochemical or photobiological reactivity in all lightabsorbing systems, including photomedical settings. In porphyria, light sensitivity is caused by porphyrin, and the amount of absorbed energy determines its photochemical and photobiological reactivity. For our measurements, we chose to use absorbed energy rather than absorbed photons, because most spectral instruments on the market are calibrated in energy units that many readers are more familiar with. If converted to number of photons rather than energy, the †Deceased July 2008. *Corresponding author email: email@example.com (Piotr J. Bilski) 2008 U.S. Government. Journal Compilation. The American Society of Photobiology 0031-8655/08 Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2008, 84: 1599–1600


Agent based computing represents an exciting new hot point in the field of artificial intelligence(AI), and more generally, computer science. Autonomous agents and multi agent systems represent a new way of analyzing, designing, and implementing complex software systems. Agent are being used in an increasingly wide variety of applications. In this paper an architecture of Multi Agent system based forecasting support system(MAFSS) is presented, which shows how the agents are organized in order to provide the system's overall behaviour. It is composed of eight different types of agents. Each agent in MAFSS performs its own function, and can also work jointly with others.\;


Robert L Fleischer et al 1980 London: University of California Press xxii + 605 pp price £9 (paperback) Some books, by virtue of their scope and timeliness, and the authority of their authors, quickly become the definitive texts upon their subject. This book is an example.


Abstract In 1967 an interesting esterification of carboxylic and phosphoric acids with alcohols in the presence of triphenyl-phosphine and diethylazodicarboxylate was reported by Mitsunobu, Yamada, and Mukaiyama.1,2 One intriguing aspect of this "Mitsunobu" reaction (Reaction 1) was that it proceeded with inversion of configuration of the alcohol.2,3 A second remarkable facet of this dehydrative redox coupling reaction was the general adaptability to a wide variety of substitution reactions on alcohols. Examples of such intermolecular substitutions include


Environmentally friendly shared transit systems have become ubiquitous at present. As a result, analyzing the ranges and tracts of human activities and gatherings based on bike share data is scientifically useful. This paper investigates the spatial and temporal travel characteristics of citizens based on real-time-extracted electric bikes (e-bikes) Global Positioning System (GPS) data from May to July in 2018 in the central area of Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, China. The research is conducive for the exploration of citizens' changes in mobility behaviors, for the analysis of relationships between mobility changes and environmental or other possible factors, and for advancing policy proposals. The main conclusions of the study are as follows. First, in general, citizens' travelling is featured by rides that are less than 10 min, shorter than 5 km, and with a speed between 5 km/h and 20 km/h. Second, in terms of temporal characteristics, monthly e-bike usage and citizens' mobility are positively correlated with temperature in May and negatively correlated with temperature in July; an overall negative correlation is also manifested between the e-bike usage (mobility) and air quality index; daily usage reaches a trough on Tuesday and a peak on Friday, indicating the extent of mobility on respective days; e-bike usage and human outdoor behaviors are significantly lowered in rainy weather than in sunny weather; hourly rides reach a peak at 18:00 (more human activities) and a trough at 2:00 (less activities), and average hourly riding speed maximizes at 5:00 and minimizes around 8:00 and 17:00. Third, for spatial characteristics, destinations (D points) during morning rush hour and regions where e-bikes are densely employed are concentrated mainly in mid-north and middle parts of the central area (major human gatherings), and the rides have a diffusing pattern; e-bike origin–destination (O–D) trajectories radiate mostly towards the mid-north and the east during evening rush hour. In addition, 9.4% of the total trips to work areas during morning rush hour represent spillover commuting, indicating that separations between jobs and residential are not severe in the central area of Tengzhou City and commuting is relatively convenient.


Three-dimensional Integrated-circuit (3DIC) needs coatings with both high thermal conductivity and high electrical insulation for isolating electronic devices and interconnects while spreading heat generated by stacked integrated circuits effectively. Single crystalline diamond possesses excellent electrical insulation and thermal conductivity, which is a perfect candidate for the need by 3DIC. However, a large-area coating of single crystalline diamond is difficult to achieve. So we use polycrystalline diamond films instead. But for polycrystalline diamond films with many grain boundaries, the severe phonon scattering and electrically conductive graphitic carbon contents in grain boundaries cause the electrical insulation and the thermal conductivity to decrease. The smaller the grain size is, usually the decrease is more severe. A good compromise is to retain the high thermal conductivity of diamond crystals while minimizing the electrical conductivity of polycrystalline diamond coatings by removing the charge-transfer doping mechanism enabled by hydrogen termination on diamond grains and minimizing graphitic carbon in the grain boundaries. This paper reports a large-area tri-layer diamond coating structure to achieve sustainable 1010 Ωcm electrical resistivity in the ambient atmosphere. A nanodiamond base layer provides a high-density diamond seeding layer for the polycrystalline diamond film to contain few voids and graphitic carbon in the grain boundaries. The second nanodiamond film is used to encapsulate the de-hydrogenated microcrystalline diamond film to prevent degradation of electrical resistance due to the ambient atmosphere.


Background: Back pain is one of the most prevalent health problems for which physicians are consulted. Back pain has many economic impacts, such as sickness absences and long-term disability. The prevalence of major depression in patients with chronic low back pain is approximately 3 to 4 times greater than the prevalence rate reported in the general population. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the depression and disability improvement after lumbar discectomy compared with presurgery levels in patients with chronic low back pain and radicular leg pain. Patients and Methods: One hundred forty-eight patients with chronic low back pain and radicular leg pain were included in this analytic observational study. The study evaluated several main variables, including age; sex; educational level; job; height; weight; and patient history of abortion, leg pain, back pain, smoking, trauma, number of previous pregnancies, driving, long-term sitting, lifting heavy bodies, and disability and depression before and 6 and 12 months after laminectomy. Results: The depression and disability scores of patients before lumbar discectomy significantly decreased after surgery. Conclusions: Our results indicate that lumbar discectomy surgery significantly improved depression and disability in patients with chronic herniated discs.


A particular feature of migraine attacks is that they may occur, or cease, independently of any identifiable external, tissuedamaging event. Indeed, headaches do not fit with the classical statement related to exteroception, viz. that "injury generates pain and pain implies injury." Migraine pain relates to body feelings such as hunger, thirst or nausea, but we are unaware of the actual nature of the stimulus and have no clue as to its origin. In contrast, when we perceive an event from the outside world, we are able to describe many properties of the event even if it is totally novel. A relevant feature of body feelings is that they are linked to predictable behaviors (drives), whereas the detection of an external event is usually not predictable. With the aim of producing an answer for such a dichotomy, P.D. Wall (see also Craig) proposed that "Pain is taken not as a simple sensory experience signaling the existence of damaged tissue and would join sensations such as hunger, thirst and itch, which are best defined as needs that signify the next most probable action." The sensory pathways that convey meningeal inputs simultaneously collect information from many sources. This basic somesthetic activity is not only relevant for signaling migraine but could have a role in the continual transmission of information relevant to the integrity of craniofacial tissues. This information is being constantly selected and modulated in the context of producing an appropriate response. Under normal circumstances, medullary trigeminovascular neurons convey a variety of signals originating either from the external environment through the skin or the internal milieu through the meninges. These neurons send inputs necessary for homeostatic regulation to bulbar and telencephalic regions that in turn enhance or reduce the activity of trigeminovascular neurons. Migraine headaches may depend on homeostatic dysfunctions elicited by changes in activities because of abnormal excitability phenotypes of restricted areas of the central nervous system in genetically susceptible individuals. Accordingly, corticofugal projections can modulate inputs from meningeal nociceptors via topographically organized projections to trigeminovascular medullary neurons in a modality-specific manner by enhancing or depressing only Ad and C-fiber inputs. If one considers pain as a drive, then migraine could naturally stop in time under the pressure of our body feelings. "Just as hunger is associated with the search for food and eating, it is proposed that pain is associated with the search for treatment and optimal conditions for recovery."


In this paper we present case study the boy with cerebral palsy at the age 9 years, attending first grade of primary school in Belgrade. The boy was involved in a rehabilitation program in the Special Hospital for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Neurology from the age of 11 months old until to starting education. He was 8.5 years old when he started education in first grade at school for children with disabilities. But, he transferred to a regular school at the beginning of the same school year. A student has had a number of difficulties in participating in teaching during the first year of education, although all measures of adjustment implemented at school. To provide additional support for special educator at the school was necessary for further progress. The school has requested assistance from the Mobile Team of primary school "B. Buha". A thorough assessment of students' ability and adaptation in the school environment was performed by special educator. Profile of student needs in education created, based on analysis of Interdepartmental Commissions' opinions, health, developmental and educational status and family situation. We analyzed school resources, too. Based on collected data, we created individual support plan for student in education.


Current antiretroviral therapy can suppresses HIV effectively, but can't eradicate the virus. A major barrier in HIV-1 eradication is the virus could remain latent in a subpopulation of the infected cells. Given the appropriate stimulus, latently infected cells can reactivate and start producing infectious virions. Understanding the mechanisms of HTV latency will help efforts to eradicate the infection. Viral reservoirs and the mechanisms behind viral latency are reviewed in the article.

Key words:
HTV-1; Latency; Reservoirs


A comparative study of the space charge behavior in XLPE and EPR in the presence of thermal gradient was conducted. For power cable under load conditions, a temperature gradient is established across the cable insulation. Due to the resistive grading under high voltage direct current, such thermal gradient will result in the accumulation of space charge. A modified pulsed-electroacoustic system was developed so that the space charge behavior in thin films under thermal gradient can be investigated at the development phase of new DC insulation materials. The study indicates the enhancement of the space charge injection and accumulation in XLPE and EPR under DC with the presence of the thermal gradient.


10 Astaxanthin is the dominant carotenoid pigment found in the marine copepod, Tigriopus 11 californicus (Baker), giving these animals orange-red coloration. Like all metazoans, T. 12 californicus must convert carotene or hydroxy-carotenoids present in their algal diet to 13 astaxanthin. Other astaxanthin-pigmented crustaceans have been shown to use a precursor14 specific bioconversion pathway to astaxanthin. The aims of this study were to demonstrate that 15 T. californicus bioconverts dietary carotenoids to astaxanthin. Prior to the experiments copepods 16 were maintained on a carotenoid-free diet on which they lost all carotenoid coloration. Copepods 17 were then fed one of four dietary carotenoids (β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, or canthaxathin) 18 that are precursors to specific astaxanthin bioconversion pathways. We found that copepods from 19 each precursor pigment group produced astaxanthin, and that the amount produced depended on 20 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/174300 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Aug. 15, 2017;


Although assessment practices are commonly part of the physical education (PE) curriculum they may often frustrate rather than support students' basic needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness. Nevertheless, assessment also provides various promising opportunities to support these basic needs and enhance learning in students. In order to address this issue, we developed an in-service teacher training programme that was grounded within contemporary theories on assessment and motivation, and aimed at improving PE teachers' expertise on motivational assessment practices. In close collaboration with PE teachers and other experts in the field an in-service teacher training programme was developed that covered important topics such as quality assessment, motivation and assessment for learning. Specific attention was directed to the translation of theoretical concepts into practical and applicable tools. The in-service training programme was then provided on-site three times to a total of 33 PE teachers (of whom 20 were male (60%) and 12 were female (40%), teaching experience 3–32 years) representing different PE departments. Through an iterative cycle of development, provision, evaluation and adjustment the programme was gradually optimised. Focus group sessions and questionnaires were employed to evaluate various aspects, and identify barriers and success factors. The in-service teacher training programme is a successful first step in improving the expertise of PE teachers to start and develop higher quality and more motivating assessment practices. Nevertheless, in order to generate durable change within daily PE practice, follow-up training sessions or counselling methods (e.g. through communities of practice) are essential to overcome implementation barriers. Development, adjustment and future directions for assessment are discussed.


Liver Fatty liver disease is the development of a variety of a pathological process, the incidence of more in-centives, the main pathological changes in the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the liver cells. From the mechanism of fatty liver disease, the fatty liver due to excessive input of fat and fatty liver, liver disorder lipoprotein synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in the liver leads to lack of lipoprotein(a) the expression is too high. This paper be-gins with an overview of the clinical status of fatty liver and lipoprotein(a), the analysis of the pathogenesis of fatty liv-er, fatty liver and discussed lipoprotein(a) the correlation is proposed based on fatty liver lipoprotein(a) prevention in-terventions.


We describe a new algorithm providing regularized training of the extreme learning machine (ELM) that uses a modified conjugate gradient (CG) method to determine the network hidden to output weights. The CG method is modified to include a validation set performance calculation at each iteration step. The solution is initialized to zero and during the CG iterations, we monitor the validation set error. When the error begins to rise we terminate the CG algorithm. The operations per iteration is O(P2), where P is the number of output weights, which is significantly faster than the O(P3) operations per iteration required by ridge regression regularization methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by classifying the MNIST database and achieve an accuracy of 99.2% using an ELM classifier processing the unmodified pixel values.


The Bakhtinian concept of space is topological rather than topographic, and encompasses the cosmic, the social and the corporeal; its function in the Quebec novel consists in debasing the hierarchical verticality of Lent and of the "official feast." As Carnival is an anti-law,"law" in the Quebec novel will be defined as the chronotope of the sacred space (the land or "terre" of Quebec) in the genre known as the "novel of the land" ("le roman de Ia terre"). Until the Second World War, this chronotope transforms an Augustinian political view of the civitas dei into literary proselytism, via the ideology of agricultural messianism. Sanctification implies closure of space and of the text; the "outside" is debased, as is textual "difference," that is, carnivalesque writing as it appears, for example, in La Scouine by Albert Laberge or in Marie Calumet by Rodolphe Girard. During the 1940s, the "introspective novel" (Robert Charbonneau, Robert Elie, Robert Choquette) also connotes the "upper" euphorically and the "lower" dysphorically, but at this historical point as a function of the sanctification of the individual according to a Thomist hierarchy. The quest of the hero can be seen as the ascent of a vertical ladder of time/space/society/values. The novel of the 1960s takes on a carnivalesque air: former sacred spaces are diminished in number and importance or are debased; new spaces appear where the body communicates with other bodies and the world. The space of knowledge is not God, but the land. Novels of this period (by M.C. Blais, R. Carrier, A. Hebert) are constructed around two paradigms according to a Manichean view of the world, and bear a great predictability, thus leading to a new set of "upside down" cliches. The carnivalesque multiple is completely realized in Hubert Aquin's first two novels. Space ceases to bear meaning other than as a metaphor for horizontal kinetic writing. The text becomes the open space of a continuous game between narrator and reader. The importance given to the margin/marginality (the footnotes), the masquerade of characters and of polysemic words, the narrative games that deconstruct the medieval Aquinian world create the space of carnivalesque scriptural relativity. But Aquin also gives a political dimension to his carnivalesque writing: his position is that only a writing of chaos can correspond to a nation which is obsolete ("revolu") and imprisoned in stasis while still aspiring to a revolution. The mediation between stasis and movement is the text which acts as a detonator or pharmakon in the mind of the reader. The study of the carnivalesque in the Quebec novel leads us to the discovery of an impressive number of heroes/writers/pharmakos/witches, all having the same kinetic transformatory function which is accomplished by the same medium: the word. They point to a society in transition during the 1960s and 1970s. This article is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol9/iss1/9 THE RELEVANCE OF THE CARNIVALESQUE IN THE QUEBEC NOVEL MAROUSSIA AHMED McMaster University "A Quebecois cannot read Bakhtine's Rabelais without particular delectation. He sees himself, so to speak, in every line," wrote the French-Canadian critic Andre Belleau back in 1970.' Indeed, the Bakhtinian concept of the carnivalesque seems to provide a most appropriate means of reading the Quebec novel. The forms and symbols of the Carnival's idiom are filled with the pathos of change and renewal, with the sense of gay relativity. They are marked by "the peculiar logic of the 'inside out' of the 'turnabout,' of a continual shifting from top to bottom, from front to rear, of numerous parodies and travesties-comic crownings and uncrownings" (Bakhtin 11). The horizontal, egalitarian and topologic structure of the Carnival lowers the hierarchical verticality of Lent and of the "official feast," for "the narrow, vertical, extratemporal model of the world, with its absolute top and bottom, its system of ascents and descents, was in the process of reconstruction" (Bakhtin 403). As for masks and various games, these help create a climate of joyous relativity during Carnival. The fact that the Carnival is a transgression of the law, and therefore is anti-law, obliges us to define the law, just as Bakhtin perceives the Carnival in its relation to Lent, or Renaissance history in its relation to medieval history. For the purposes of this article, we shall consider as "the law" the traditional Quebec novel (the genre known as the "roman de la terre" which flourished until 1945, and also the introspective novel of the 1940s and 1950s). After 1960, in opposition to the traditional novel there will be a transgression of the novel's signifieds and signifiers (as in the novels by Roch Carrier, Marie-Claire Blais, Anne Hebert, Jacques Godbout, Hubert Aquin and Rejean Ducharme, to mention only a few). The horizontal


Desheathed rabbit vagi were irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp while being superfused with oxygenated Locke solution, until the action potential disappeared. Fluorometric assays for thiamine content in irradiated nerves in parallel experiments indicated negligible levels as compared to those determined for the non-irradiated, desheathed rabbit vagi. One vagus nerve of the pair was then placed in a solution of thiamine and Locke after which it consistently regained its action potential within about 1.5 hours. The second nerve, remaining in regular Locke solution, never regained its con¬ ductive activity.


The chromosome numbers of 23 populations belonging to seven species of Pinellia Tenore were counted. The basic chromosome number of all the species studied was x = 13, and the previously reported basic numbers x = 9 and x = 14 in P. ternata and P. cordata were not confirmed. Chromosome numbers of 2n = 26 in P. polyphylla and 2n = 78 in P. integrifolia are reported for the first time. Heptaploid (7x) and nonuploid (9x) are new ploidy levels reported for P. ternata, and hexaploid for P. cordata. Taxonomic, phylogenetic and phytogeographical inferences are made for the genus. Particular attention was given to P. ternata, the most widely distributed species in the genus, and considerable variation of chromosome number was found in its different populations. Based on chromosome studies of 11 populations of P. ternata, together with 12 populations reported in previous studies, the lower reaches of the Yangze River are identified as its centre of origin. From there it dispersed, with generation of hexaploid, heptaploid, octoploid and nonuploid forms. (c) 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.


Extraction of aluminum clinker from suspension calcining process in an one-dimensional fired coal furnace is investigated.The effect of temperature on formation of clinker,and XRD analysis of alumina clinker with different calcination temperature are analyzed.The test results show that alumina clinker can be completely generated when the combustion temperature is above 1100℃under coal suspension combustion.The extraction rate of aluminum oxide from fly ash at 1200℃is the maximum.


Li Zhi respects females, objects the idea of the treatment of females as inferior to males ; the oppression of the husbands ; the chastity conception and the conception of "the females' loyalty requirement". He advocates the conception of "widows' remarry";dare to criticize feudalism.He not only affirms that women enjoy the right to pursue their love and happiness but believes that women have the same rights as those men who can be educated well. It's the earliest germination about the equal thoughts between males and females. His spectacular idea on female's treatments was very surprising and quite special at that time, and left the deep influence on the aftertime.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the functioning of the primary care network in the municipality of Piracicaba, SP. 69 interviews were conducted – 37 with health professionals of Family Health Units (USF), 23 with Basic Health Units (UBS) and nine managers–, using the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool). The USF scored higher in compost indexes to linka-ges, comprehensiveness, family focusing, community advising and primary care index than UBS. The managers had higher score of access index than the units professionals. It was concluded that the USF presented a better functioning than the UBS, but the results for access suggest that this dimension was not improved with the USF. Agronomica) pela Escola KEYWORDS Universidade de Sao Paulo Primary Health Care; Health services; Local government; Evaluation. Avaliacao da atencao primaria no municipio de Piracicaba, SP, Brasil Assement of Primary Health Care in the municipality of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Marcelo de Castro Cesar


The Location and selectivety of Aphis gossypii to different plant odour source, different parts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum , different weights of young terminal shoots and machinc wounded ferminal shoots were investigated with "Y" olfactometer . The result showed that host plant materials attracted Aphis gossypii significantly. However, the nonhost-plants could not significantly attracte and excluded Aphis gossypii .Different parts of the plant had different attracted Aphis gossypii .Weights of the host plant odour sources didn't-significantly affect selecting behavour of Aphis gossypii .The effectiveness of plant wound attraction to the insects was decreased as the time longer.The early the host plant was mared, the more attraction Aphis gossypii had.


Reliable water quality data is critical for the calibration and validation of catchment models. Recent application of the Source Catchments water quality model across the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchments of north eastern Australia has highlighted the need for water quality data, especially during high flows, to reduce uncertainty and "reliance on best guess" approaches to model parameterisation and the subsequent validation of model outputs. Under the Reef Rescue program the Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management (DERM) is required to build six catchment models to report on progress against water quality targets. A modified version of the eWater Source Catchments water quality model is being applied across the GBR region (~ 423, 000km 2 ). A common problem for water quality modelling is a lack of data to parameterise and validate models. It is therefore important to identify and utilise data from a range of sources. If resources are available, there is also the opportunity to acquire new data to inform the modelling. This paper describes the process used for model validation across an extensive geographical area using a diverse source of data sets. Validation data sets included the collation of historical data from the DERM ambient and event monitoring programs, recent high frequency event load monitoring data and previous modelled estimates to compare with current modelled outputs. Additional data sets used in the validation process included continuous turbidity logging data, cross sectional event sampling in combination with acoustic Doppler backscatter data, sediment sourcing to identify contributing areas in the landscape, storage trapping efficiency and concentration half lives for nutrients and pesticides in storages. Collaboration and data sharing were, and continue to be, a major part of the overall data collection and validation process. The use of analysis software such as the "Loads Tool" and the "River Analysis Package" simplified many calculations in a consistent way for comparison to model outputs. The results from this data collation and validation process were highly variable within individual GBR catchments and across the entire GBR region. This variability in water quality and catchment condition data is not surprising given the range of geographical and climatic extremes experienced in north eastern Australia. The amount and reliability of the collated data also varied between regions; however, the combination of collating existing data and collecting new data specific to model parameterisation provided a significant improvement to the knowledge base for current and future model validation. The data validation exercise has provided a much greater understanding of what data is available, how it can be used in the current model applications for the GBR and what new data will be required in the future to increase the confidence in model outputs.


In-plane shear properties of composite material laminates are very important in structural design of composite material. Four commonly used in-plane shear test methods were introduced in this paper. In order to study the differences of various shear test methods, two ASTM standard in-plane shear test methods for composite material laminates were experimentally investigated. They are ±45° tensile shear test (ASTM D3518) and V-notched rail shear test (ASTM D7078). Five types of composite material laminates composed of E-glass fiber fabric and vinyl ester resin were utilized, whose stacking sequences are (0)3s, (0/90)3s, (CSM/0/90)2s, (±45)3s and ((0/90)2/(±45)2/(0/90)2)s, respectively. The test results indicate that the ±45° tensile shear test can predict shear moduli of composite material laminates accurately. However, the predictions of shear strength using ±45° tensile shear test are significantly lower than those of V-notched rail shear test.


INTRODUCTION
The video-electroencephalography (video-EEG) prolonged monitoring is an important auxiliary diagnostic instrument in epilepsy, and provides valuable information to classify the type of crisis and epileptic syndromes and to localize the epileptogenic zone. The fuzzy logic gives an efficient and intelligent analysis method, able to make inferences over ambiguous systems, and has been increasing used in several areas.

AIMS
To correlate clinical and electroencephalographic data obtained with video-EEG of patients with clinical and interictal electroencephalography criteria of medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and to make inferences of diagnosis precision with the application of the Fuzzy Hierarchy COPPE/Cosenza Model; to investigate the frequency in which the clinical, syndromic and topographic diagnosis can be modified in these patients; to evaluate the usefulness and applicability of fuzzy logic on the analysis of this type of study.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Transversal, prospective study, that included 22 adult outpatients with ambulatory diagnosis of medically refractory TLE, submitted to video-EEG monitoring that varied from 48 hours to 10 days. The grade of diagnosis precision was infered by fuzzy logic.

RESULTS
The clinical diagnosis of epilepsy was modified in two (9%) patients, the syndromic in six (27.2%) and the topographic in 16 (72.7%). The fuzzy indicators of ambulatory diagnostic precision were: 0.91 to clinical diagnosis; 0.74 to syndromic diagnosis and 0.36 to topographic diagnosis, considering 1 the maximal precision diagnostic value (attributed to the video-EEG results).

CONCLUSIONS
The video-EEG prolonged monitoring established the clinical, syndromic and topographic correct diagnosis in these patients; the fuzzy logic best defined a mathematical value of the correspondence between ambulatorial diagnosis of TLE and the video-EEG prolonged monitoring.


The intelligent decision technology is applied to improve the capability of rushing-repair in battlefield. At first, the process of surface-to-air missile (SAM) equipment rushing-repair in battlefield is analyzed. The function of battlefield repair IDSS is presented. The structure of rushing-repair in battlefield IDSS is established. Finally, the characteristic of the system is dissertated, according to user's requirement and battlefield circumstance.


This article is an adaptation of a talk given to the International Institute for Existential-Humanistic Psychology in Beijing, China, March 14, 2020. I describe the existential concerns embedded in the biological discourse related to COVID-19, and offer the proposal that hope is as pandemic as COVID-19, if not more so, and invite us to think of the category, "pandemic," in existential terms. Shortly after this talk was given, I found out that I tested positive with COVID-19, thus adding a lived existentiality to what was written.


The effect of different kinds of surfactants on the size distribution of nanodiamond particles in clean oil was studied.Results show that the dispersing stability of nanodiamond modified with surfactangts YS-1 and SB-18 simulta-neously is much better than those modified with either of them because of synergism of the surfactangts.And the particle size distribution in the system can be improved remarkably after the adoption of hyperdispersants such as SA-E and SA-F.Anchoring groups of those hyperdispersants can be bonded with the particle surface by chemical and/or hydrogen bonding and their soluble chains are well compatible with the dispersion media.As a result,the particles are uniformly distrbuted in the system owing to the steric stabilization.A very stable clean-oil based nanodiamond suspension with an average particle size of around 53.2 nm was prepared.


Window preference research on a few settings has found that windows are generally preferred and that larger windows are preferred over smaller ones. No theoretical model of window preferences, however, has been proposed. The present experiment was designed to investigate window preferences across a large variety of common spaces and to examine reasons orfactors that may underlie these preferences with the ultimate goal of predicting them. Window preferences, in terms of size, number, and degree of transparency were made for 14 common spaces. Subjects then indicated the factors underlying their specific preferences from a list of 18 potential factors. Results showed that both window preferences and factors vary more widely than previous research would indicate. More important, however, it was demonstrated that the amount of windows desired in a space can be reliably predicted by knowing how important specific factors (e.g., having a view or good ventilation) are to individuals in that space.


This paper presents a novel method for measuring local blood velocity and quantifying volume flow directly from cross-sectional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) using a conventional IVUS catheter. This method is based on multiple decorrelation analysis of radio frequency echo signals. The velocity measurement is obtained by comparing the measured decorrelation value with a priori knowledge of the beam characteristics of the ultrasound transducer used. Volume flow is derived by integrating the velocity vector with its corresponding area element over the vessel cross-section. The proposed method was validated in vivo in pig experiments by comparing IVUS-flow data to the reference flow obtained with an electromagnetic (EM) flowmeter. An excellent correlation was observed between IVUS- and EM-flow data. No significant differences in the mean volume flow were found between the two methods. Results of this study demonstrate the potential of assessing vessel geometry simultaneously with functional parameters using the decorrelation analysis method.


A large amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) is laterally redistributed by agricultural erosion. Recent studies have shown that this leads to strong horizontal (i.e., spatial) and vertical (i.e., with soil depth) gradients in SOC stock and C pool distribution in eroding landscapes. However, the mechanisms leading to these gradients in relation to erosion and deposition are still poorly documented. In particular, the effect of the inherent properties of SOC (as controlled by the SOC pool composition) versus the effect of depth‐related soil environmental condition (i.e., differences in soil humidity, temperature, aeration, etc.) on the persistence of SOC in eroding landscapes is uncertain. Nonetheless, a detailed understanding of these factors is important to correctly assess landscape‐scale soil C turnover and vulnerability to disturbance from human activities. This study utilizes observational data on long‐term erosion/deposition rates and C pool composition derived from soil C fractionation experiments along an eroding agricultural hillslope to constrain a coupled erosion‐SOC dynamics model. The simulation results show that the data set used can result in a robust parameter estimation of a multipool C model for an eroding landscape with parameter values that are consistent with incubation experiments. A scenario analysis, where we evaluate the contribution of different processes, demonstrates that soil redistribution is essential to explain the observation that depositional locations contain more SOC in subsoils, while the SOC content of the surface layer is similar to those observed along an eroding hillslope. The spatial variability of plant production could explain some of the observed variability in SOC content, but our results suggest that the spatial variability of SOC pool composition is mainly related to soil redistribution. Finally, we suggest that environmental factors may play a more important role than the inherent properties of SOC in determining the vertical variation of SOC mineralization. This implies that depositional C stocks might be highly vulnerable to disturbance from human activities that may reconnect the buried SOC with the atmosphere.


In this chapter, practical engineering strategies for recyclable magnetic materials for biomass conversion are discussed, starting with the synthesis and chemical functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles and nanoscopic materials. Nanoscale magnetic materials are attractive for the design of various catalytic systems because of their large surfaces, temperature-stability and easy (magneto-)recovery. The applications discussed here are focused on transforming lignocellulosic biomass to sugars (and subsequent biofuel), as well as feedstock chemicals. The breaking down of lignocellulosic biomass can be achieved by subsequent biomass pretreatment and fractionation. Tailored magnetic nanocatalysts can be used in both processes. An alternative strategy for generating low molecular sugars from lignocellulosic biomass is the use of enzymes (e.g. catalase) on magnetic beads. It is an attribute of all systems discussed that they can be recycled magnetically, thus decreasing the required costs of "green materials".


Basing on archival sources from Uzbekistan Rinat Shigabdinov explores forms of interaction between representatives of Muslim spiritual elite ('ulamo') and the early Soviet state in Turkestan in the 1920s. The author argues that in the period of new economic politics Soviet power succeeded in gaining the ear of a loyal part  of  ' ulama ' appealing to slogans of all-world Muslim solidarity against imperialist expansion of the capitalist West. Muslim clerics took part in early stage of the Cultural Revolution and other Soviet reforms. In the second half of the 1920s socialist authorities took on the offensive against local Muslim societies. There happened gradual secularization of Islamic education and pious endowments ( waqf)  in the region.


The breakdown of the financial markets in fall 2007 and the following debt crisis in the EU has produced an enormous mistrust in financial products and the monetary system. The paper describes the background of the crisis induced by functional failures in risk management and the multifold principal agent problems existing in the financial market structures. The innovated nontransparent financial products have mixed up different risk weights and puzzled or even fooled formerly loyal customers. Contemporaneously abundant liquidity on the international finan- cial market accompanied by easy money policies of the Fed in the US and the ECB in the euro zone have depressed the real interest rate to zero or even negative values. Desperate investors are seeking for safe-assets but their demand remains unsatisfied. Low real interest rates and the consequently lacking compound interest effect in the same time jeopardize private as well as public insurance schemes


The Auditory Directional System provides a "musical pathway" for blind persons to follow to get to interior destinations in an institutional setting. The system's components are a compact disc player and a network of speakers, infrared "people" detection equipment, and a computer-controlled speaker-sequencing system. To engage the Auditory Directional System, the blind resident pushes a centrally located button for a particular destination. When the person arrives at the first musical cue, infrared sensors detect the person and activate the next speaker. The person's presence continues to activate each subsequent speaker until he or she reaches the final destination. To trigger the detection process, the resident's clothing is equipped with retro-reflective tape This article describes the equipment—its purpose and how it works—and the results of a field test with three residents at a skilled nursing facility.


. Particle flow filters that smoothly transform particles from being samples of a prior distribution to samples of a posterior, are a major topic of active research. In this work, we introduce a generalized data assimilation framework called the Variational Fokker-Planck method for filtering and smoothing whose specific implementations are the previously known methods such as the mapping particle filter and Langevin-based filters. Using the properties of an optimal Itˆo process that drives the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation, we derive natural dynamics for known heuristics such as particle rejuvenation and regularization to fit into the said framework. We also extend our framework to higher dimensions using localization and covariance shrinkage, and provide a robust implicit-explicit method for evolving the Itˆo process, as a stochastic initial value problem. The effectiveness of the variational Fokker-Planck method is demonstrated on three incrementally challenging test problems, namely the Lorenz'63, Lorenz'96 and the quasi-geostrophic equations.


A Historical and Comparative Study of Human Rights Violations in Criminal Investigations in Lesotho The issue of human rights violations in criminal investigation emerges as one of the much debated subjects amongst academics since the inception of the idea of the fundamental human rights all over the world. Human rights remain a center pillar and a pivot around which criminal justice system revolves. In Lesotho, for example, the question of human rights has been critical in the light of the fact that, since independence on the 4 of October 1966, there was never a real and tangible instrument which guaranteed human rights. The 1966 Constitution which contained entrenched Bill of Rights was suspended in 1970. From 1970 until 1993, Lesotho was governed undemocratically. There were no periodic elections as prescribed by the 1966 Constitution. The 1970 interim authority introduced orders which administered the country. Around that time, besides interim orders, the country was governed through military dictates, 90 days detention without trial and state of emergency laws and regulations. Citizens were arrested, searched and charged arbitrarily by the governments of the day. The study, firstly, commences with a thorough investigation of the violation of the fundamental human rights. It gives a historical background of Lesotho political landscape, legal system, Lesotho mounted police service evolution, and practical human rights violations. The study, secondly, draws a comparative scenario between Lesotho, the Republic of South Africa, the United States of America and the United Kingdom as far as human rights violations are concerned.


: Fluidic thrust vectoring, a method for controlling jet direction with no moving parts, has attracted attention as it does not require changing the geometry of the device, thus reducing the number of parts in the device. The application of synthetic jets as secondary flows has recently been proposed to adjust the deflection angle arbitrarily. However, studies regarding the relationship between the plane wall boundary and the flow characteristics of jets while applying fluidic thrust vectoring are scarce. In this study, we applied synthetic jets generated by a speaker to a secondary flow with a Coanda surface. We elucidated the influence of the oscillation characteristics of the secondary flow on the deflection angle of the primary jets near a plane wall. By adjusting the dimensionless frequency, the jet deflects toward the opposite side of the plane wall surface, even for the jet near the plane wall surface. In this condition range, we can set the maximum jet deflection angle to approximately 20 deg when the momentum ratio between the primary and secondary flow at slot is 0.08 and dimensionless frequency 0.11.


This paper proposed automated robot speech gesture generation system for service/entertainment robots. This system can automatically generate robot Beat gestures accompanied by speech interaction situation with humans. Beat gestures have no specific semantic meanings to communicate, but it is commonly believed that they are an essential factor of natural communication. We extracted basic gesture patterns by analyzing human speech videos and built a correlation model between gesture pattern and punctuation mark of speech sentence. This model can select a gesture pattern sequence to make a robot gesture expression motion for arbitrary input speech sentence, and synchronize it with vocal wave file from TTS(Text-To-Speech) engine.


Objective: To investigate the 1-year,2-year,3-year overall survival rate after synthetic therapy in 74 patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer by follow-up clinical study and to summary the impact of clinical factors on therapeutic effect and prognosis of patient.Methods: Analysis 74 case history and survival rate of the LANSCLC patient who received chemotherapy and radiotherapy in department of oncology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.Result: the 1-year,2-year,3-year survival rate were 69.4%,37.7%,14.0% respectively.The median survival time was 24 months,the way of synthetic therapy and operation had the statistics difference on the prognosis(p0.05);the different chemotherapy scheme,chemotherapeutic periodicity had not the statistics significance(p0.05).Conclusion: The prognosis factor with the survival of LANSCLC relates to the way of synthetic therapy and operation.


Instrument-free, portable and direct read-out mini-devices have wider application prospects in various fields, especially for real-time/on-site sensing. Herein, combined with paper strip, a smartphone sensing platform integrated with a UV lamp and dark cavity has been developed for the rapid, sensitive, instrument-free and visual quantitative analysis in real-time/on-site conditions. The platform proved the feasibility for visual quantitative detection of pesticide via a fluorescence "on-off-on" response with a single dual-emissive ratiometric paper strip. Red-emitting CdTe quantum dots (rQDs) were embedded into the silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) as an internal reference, while blue-emitting carbon dots (bCDs) as a signal report unit were covalently linked to the outer surface of SiO2 NPs. The blue fluorescence could be quenched by gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and then recovered with pesticide. The Red (R), Green (G) and Blue (B) channel values of the generated images were determined by a Color Recognizer Application (APP) installed in the smartphone, and the R/B values could be used for pesticide quantification with a sensitive detection limit (LOD) of 59 nM. The smartphone sensing platform might provide a general strategy for visual quantitative detection in a variety of fields including environments, diagnosis and safety monitoring.


The purpose of this study of disposable plastic syringes and needles was to evaluate levels of radioresistance of sporeforming and nonsporeforming bacteria in order to provide information on their use as microbial indicators of production sterilization. Syringes and needles contaminated with radioresistant sporeforming and nonsporeforming organisms exposed to various dose rates and radiation dose levels from 0.5 to 3.5 Mrads in ''closed'' and ''open'' radiation systems were evaluated.


The aggregation and deposition of &agr;-synuclein (&agr;Syn) in neuronal cells is correlated to pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Although the mechanism of &agr;Syn aggregation and fibril formation has been studied extensively, the structural hallmarks that are directly responsible for toxicity toward cells are still under debate. Here, we have compared the structural characteristics of the toxic intermediate molecular species of &agr;Syn and similar toxic species of another protein, GroES, using coherent X-ray diffraction analysis. Using coherent X-ray free electron laser pulses of SACLA, we analysed &agr;Syn and GroES fibril intermediate species and characterized various aggregate structures. Unlike previous studies where an annular oligomeric form of &agr;Syn was identified, particle reconstruction from scattering traces suggested that the specific forms of the toxic particles were varied, with the sizes of the particles falling within a specific range. We did however discover a common structural feature in both &agr;Syn and GroES samples; the edges of the detected particles were nearly parallel and produced a characteristic diffraction pattern in the diffraction experiments. The presence of parallel-edged particles in toxic intermediates of &agr;Syn and GroES fibrillogenesis pointed towards a plausible common molecular interface that leads to the formation of mature fibrils.


In this paper we show the existence of the solution for the classical brachistochrone problem under the action of a conservative eld in presence of frictional forces. Assuming that the frictional forces and the potential grow at most linearly, we prove the existence of a minimizer on the travel time between any two given points, whenever the initial velocity is great enough. We also prove the uniqueness of the minimizer whenever the given points are suciently close.


The present invention discloses a novel method of producing aluminum alloy flat tube radiator, comprising raw ingredients, alloy melting, casting, annealing, extrusion, pressing and straightening, liquid electrostatic spraying, curing step. The present invention is related to adjusting the ratio of the amount of aluminum component formulations, to further optimize the formulation, help to improve the overall performance of the aluminum alloy; annealing, quenching, straightening treatment step, increases the uniformity of the internal organization of an aluminum material and grain refinement, greatly improved the quality of aluminum profiles and processing performance.


Diabetes education and lifestyle modification are critical components in controlling blood glucose levels of people with diabetes mellitus. Despite abundant study focused diabetic epidemiology and its complications, very few studies in Bangladesh emphasis the role of structured diabetic education and its effect on glycemic control. To observe the impact of structured diabetic education on achieving glycemic control in patient with uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus admitted in tertiary care hospital. The interventional study was carried out from September 2017 to August 2018, following ethical approval at the in-patient department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka. Total 100 adult diabetic population of all socioeconomic strata admitted in the study sit. The study population was subdivided into 'Case or intervention group (GI)' and 'Control (GC)' by purposive sampling. Status of diabetic education were evaluated by pretest (questionnaire) and scored out of 10. Structured diabetic education was provided to interventional group by investigator with interactive elaborate discussion. Post-test evaluation was done and after 3 months glycemic status was evaluated for all the patients. Among the participants, mean age of GI and GC were 50.10±12.26 and 53.44±8.59 respectively, with slight predominance of female in both group (GI: 54% female vs. 46% male and GC: 60% female vs. 40% male). Educational qualifications, occupations, and monthly income were similar across the group (P>0.05). Mean duration of DM in GI and GC were 10.31±5.77 and 10.44± 5.04 years. Base line value of (Mean) FBS, 2HABF, 2HAL, 2HAD and HbA1c in GI were 15.89±4.04, 19.73±4.18, 17.65±3.92, 16.14±3.74 and 11.17±2.56& in GC were 16.17±2.91, 20.70±3.73, 16.54±3.97, 17.02±3.28 and 12.01±2.33 respectively with no significant difference across the group ( p>0.05 in all cases). At the end of 3 months follow up, significant improvement were seen in FBS, 2HABF, 2HAL, 2HAD and HbA1c in interventional group than control group (p<0.05 in all cases). Besides this, in intervention group the baseline diabetes self-management evaluation score was improved than control group (1.40±0.94 vs. 7.74±1.52, p<0.001). There is a significant positive impact of structured diabetes education on achieving glycemic control in patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.


The Telecom.operator and the financial organization cooperate to put out the PSTN-based payment service.The security of this service is very important because of its financial transaction information.This paper describes the PSTN-based payment service and analyzes the security of this service,and also discusses the security solution,including terminal certification,data encryption,MAC authentication and key management.


defines the Inverse Laplace transformation gives several examples of how the Inverse Laplace Transform may be obtained thouroughly decribes the Partial Fraction Expansion method of converting complex rational polymial expressions into simple first-order and quadratic terms demonstrates the use of MATLAB for finding the poles and residues of a rational polymial in s and the symbolic inverse laplace transform


: This article discusses the recent reform policy in China on setting up new financial system for supporting science and technology innovation. Based on the financial sector development in the Pearl River Delta in China's Guangdong Province, especially Guangzhou, one pilot city of Chinese Science and Technology Financial System Reform, the article analyses the problems in financial system and makes some suggestion on how to restructure the financial system to meet the financial need of local emerging high-tech industry and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Abstract: In the article problems of farm loans are considered, as well as tendencies of bank lending are analyzed. An improvement of the possible directions of agricultural enterprises crediting are drawn.


Soil nitrogen (N) is easily leached in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) production areas of southeastern United States characterized by sandy soils with low water-holding capacity. Soil N leaching in these areas is increased after rainfall events; consequently, growers increase the fertilizer N application to protect against N deficiencies and yield loss. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three fertilizer N rates on yield and head quality for common cabbage cultivars used by Florida and Georgia growers during four cabbage growing seasons. Field experiments were conducted in Hastings, FL, in 2016 and 2017, and in Tifton, GA, in 2018 and 2019. A randomized complete block design was used with a split-plot design of fertilizer N rate and cabbage cultivar. Fertilizer N rate treatments consisted of the application of 170, 225, and 280 lb/acre N and were assigned as the main plot. Cabbage cultivars Bravo, Bronco, Bruno, Capture, Cheers, and Ramada were assigned as the sub-plots. Weather conditions were monitored during all growing seasons, and total, marketable, and unmarketable yields, as well as cabbage head polar and equatorial diameters, and core height and width were measured. In Florida, there was a significant interaction for growing season and fertilizer N rate. The Florida 2016 cabbage season experienced 10.5 inches of rainfall, and fertilizer N rates had no effect on cabbage yields. Total and marketable yield averaged 45,391 and 38,618 lb/acre among fertilizer N rates in 2016, respectively. Rainfall accumulated 2.1 inches during the 2017 study in Florida, which was less than the crop evapotranspiration. In response, total and marketable yield were higher for the applications of 225 lb/acre N (51,865 and 49,335 lb/acre, respectively) and 280 lb/acre N (54,564 and 52,219 lb/acre, respectively) compared with the application of 170 lb/acre N (47,929 and 43,710 lb/acre, respectively). In Georgia, there were no significant interactions between production season and fertilizer N rates. In addition, there were no significant main effects of season or fertilizer N rate. Rainfall events accumulated 20.9 and 7.8 inches during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons, respectively. Total and marketable yields averaged 37,290 and 33,355 lb/acre, respectively for the two growing seasons in Georgia. Cabbage cultivar had no interaction with fertilizer N rate in any location. 'Cheers' (52,706 lb/acre) had the highest total yield in Florida, and 'Ramada' (38,462 lb/acre) and 'Bronco' (39,379 lb/acre) had the highest total yields in Georgia. In conclusion, the application of 225 lb/acre N was sufficient to sustain cabbage yields, but yields of the 170- and 225-lb/acre N treatments were not different when rainfall events exceeded crop evapotranspiration.


Objective To evaluate the laparoscopic treatment of small diameter of common bile duct stones.Methods In May 2008~2010 December to rule choledocholithiasis in our hospital 116 patients,aged 16~78 years,mean age 49 years,64 patients were male,52 cases of female patients,preoperative ultrasound,CT,MRCP and so diagnosed as gallbladder,common bile duct stones,common bile duct expansion.Gallbladder stones in 53 cases,31 cases of intrahepatic bile duct stones,cholangitis in 9 cases combined.Mirizzi syndrome in 3 cases,5 cases of simple narrow common bile duct.116 cases were divided into A group(laparoscopic common bile duct stone extraction) in 70 cases and B(combined endoscopic sphincterotomy oddise laparoscopic cholecystectomy) of 46 cases.Results The patients in the operative time,hospital stay,and complications of P 0.05 compared with significant difference.Conclusion Laparoscopic bile duct exploration in choledocholithiasis surgery is the treatment of the most safe and effective minimally invasive method suitable for application of active technology extensively.


A marvelous exposition on chaos is the book The Essence of Chaos by Dr. Edward N. Lorenz. In this book Dr. Lorenz, famous for his butterfly icon of chaos, gives a detailed description of a new and realistic model of chaos; the sliding of a board (a toboggan to those that live in snowy climes) and a sled down a "bumpy" hill (moguls to the snow aficionados). His text shows numerous figures which were calculated by him and this reviewer has formulated the model using Mathematica. This report is an update and expansion from previous arXiv publication (0910.2213).


Microwave metasurfaces have been developing rapidly for various applications, typically fabricated on rigid substrates such as silicon and printed circuit board using conventional microfabrication and related techniques. Rapid prototyping and production is desirable for quick design changes, design flexibility for different applications, manufacturing and low cost. Here, we report on the production of microwave metasurfaces using inkjet-printed Ag conductive patterns on polyester sheets as transparent and flexible substrates. The design is shown to be easily reconfigurable between single-band absorption achieved with a single layer of metal array pattern and multi-band absorption achieved either by stacking various single-band sheets or by printing a complex pattern on a single sheet. The dielectric thickness is varied by the simple addition of blank polyester sheets between the sheet with the printed pattern and the ground plane. Optimal dielectric thickness for each combination of materials and geometries defining the metasurface has been achieved by varying the number of blank sheets to maximize the absorption to near perfect levels in each case. This method is amenable for rapidly producing narrowband and broadband metasurfaces for various applications.


Kinetics of thermal dehydration of synthetic hydroxide hydrogel of chromium, manganese and cobalt were studied in the temperature range 70-450°. The kinetic data and activation energies were different for different stages of dehydration. Activation energy increased progressively with DTA peak temperature in case of all the hydroxide hydrogels.


The technique for replicating hepatitis C virus (HCV) in cell culture has been modified and the susceptibility of the cells of various origin to HCV upon their infection with HCV-containing sera has been compared. The viral load on the fifth day post-infection has been assessed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique. The highest infection and replication efficacy have been found in cells of rat Gasser's ganglion neurinoma. The peculiar features of the mitotic index and the anomalous forms of the mitosis have been studied in HCV-infected cells. The data presented may be used as a basis for the experimental model of HCV infection in vitro suitable for studying the effects of antiviral drugs on the infection caused by the cytopathogenic variant of HCV.


We transfer cold 87Rb atoms from a vapour cell chamber to a spatially separated UHV magneto-optical trap (MOT) with the assistance of a red-detuned optical guiding beam and a normal push beam. Efficient optical guiding of the cold atoms is observed within a small detuning window. A pulsed optical guiding beam enhances the transfer efficiency and hence allows us to collect more atoms in UHV MOT in a shorter time, which is favourable for our experiment of achieving Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC). Besides the easy operation, another advantage of this optical guiding technique is also demonstrated such that slower atomic beams may be efficiently transferred along horizontal direction. This study is a direct application of the optical guiding technique as a powerful tool.


A 1983 paper, "Arctic data collection the easy way—Data buoys" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 74, S2 (1983)], presented data buoys as a partial solution to the problems and limitations inherent to manned operations in the Arctic. The present paper describes the successes and failures of these devices, as applied to Arctic underwater acoustics, in the intervening years and what has been done with the large quantities of data that they have generated. This will include wide‐area, synoptic collection of ambient noise level data, as well as first‐ever measurement of low‐frequency propagation during the summertime in the Central Arctic using autonomous cw projector and receiving data buoys. Plans for even more sophisticated devices to be installed in 1988 are discussed. [Work supported by U.S. Navy.]


This study explores the concept of "third culture," which has not been tested by quantified measures since it was introduced. This study develops the 10-item measurement of third culture based on three dimensions—equality, commonality, and transcendence. Two hundred and fifteen international married individuals from 42 countries participated in a self-administered email survey. The findings indicated that the new scale is reliable and functions as a single dimension instead of as three subdimensions. Suggestions for future study as well as several implications on theory and methodology are discussed, drawing on the experience of this study.


The paper reviews the history and current status of climate change studies in geography. Since 1970 when the first climate change paper appeared, there have been growths on both the number of papers and the variety of their topics. The major topics related climate change in geography are included: paleoclimatology; trends on various climate elements at the regional or local scales; and climate change impacts. The cool and dry-humidity index for the Three Kingdom, the Koryo and the Chosun dynasty periods have reconstructed, using various old documents respectively. Studies on changing trends of various climate elements such as temperature and precipitation at regional or local scales have been actively conducted and results are very similar to those of the other regions of the world, indicating the increase of average temperature and the intensity of precipitation with some exceptions. The change of northern marginal limit of some vegetation such as bamboo has been reported and it is attributed to climate change impacts. The magnitude and direction of climate change at the global scale has been agreed, but at regional level are different stories. More accurate climate change detection at regional or local scales is essential to prepare the climate change policies and adaptation strategy.


Delahaye et al. (1) found a colonic lesion in only 1 of 75 patients with an SIE. Hence, this study provides little evidence that a diagnostic colonoscopy must be automatic in case of SIE. Although colonoscopy can be done safely most of the time even in elderly patients, we must not under-rate the potential portals of entry for IE or the potential adverse events of this procedure. Consequently, we probably need further and prospective studies to better evaluate this suggestion in case of SIE. Meanwhile, the use of immunochemical fecal blood tests could remain an attractive option, especially in elderly patients.


Objective
To investigate the related index of early diagnosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure caused by chronic hepatitis B.

Methods
13 cases of the acute-on-chronic liver failure caused by chronic hepatitis B were collected in our department,39 cases of chronic hepatitis B were randomly paired to analyze the difference index.ROC curve analysis was conducted for the different data, then to choose the data whose AUC(area under the curve)is>0.8 to accumulate points, while the cutoff value in the light of Youden index was indentified.Each accumulating points data would score 1 point if it is≥cutoff value, otherwise, it would score 0 points.ROC curve analysis was conducted for the total accumulating points, the cutoff value of the total accumulating points according to Youden index was indentified, the sensitivity and specificity were calculated.

Results
The data of which AUCare>0.8 include glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(ALT)/Upper Limit Of Normal(ULN), neutrophil count(N), alkaline phosphatase (AKP)/ULN, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease(AST)/ULN, direct bilirubin/total bilirubin(Dbil/Tbil), total bile acid(TBA), whose AUC were respectively 0.869,0.874,0.897,0.917,0.919 and 0.978, while their cutoff value were respectively 18.57,3.1×109/L,0.99,22.21,44.41%and 140.20μmol/L. The cutoff value of total accumulating points of the six data was 4 points, AUC was 0.987, Youden index was 0.949, and their sensitivity for ealier diagnosis for the acute-on-chronic liver failure caused by chronic hepatitis B was 100%,specificity was 94.87%.

Conclusion
The accumulating points of the six data aboved(ALT/ULN,N,AKP/ULN,AST/ULN,Dbil/Tbil,TBA)will help the early diagnosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure caused by chronic hepatitis B.

Key words:
Hepatitis B,; Chronic; Liver function failure; Diagnosis


For reproducing the audio electronics audio data reproducing apparatus (10) comprising: a hard disk drive (62), storing the management data of audio data and management of the audio data; external interface unit (70), used to read from the hard disk drive (62) output management data to an external editing apparatus and for receiving management data from an external editing apparatus editing; and a control unit (60) for the management data stored in the hard disk drive (62) is rewritten as the edited management data . The use of an external editing apparatus to edit additional information for managing storage in a large-capacity hard disk drives (62) of the audio data, thereby reducing the editing work.


Man's coat of chocolate brown polyurethane. Trench coat style, double-breasted with 7 (1 missing) circular gold-tone buttons with centers of self. Convertible collar with large lapel and smaller, matching button. Epaulets at shoulders. Vertical slotted pockets with 1-1/2" welt. Long vent down center back closes with single, hidden button. Lined in olive green synthetic fiber fabric. Inner zipper for lining, now missing. With matching belt with brown, rectangular buckle. Brand (?) label inside: "Dimension IV"


The article gives the main technology and technical measures in spinning the blended knitting yarn spun by use of bamboo fiber, soybean fiber and milk protein fiber. The fibers are moistured and sprinkled with antistatic agent to enforce the cohesion of the fibers and to decrease the static electrical phenomenon in the production and increase the spinnability. A cross apron web-collecting system is to be fixed in front of the card. High twist, small drafting in back drafting zone, big gauge of back rollers and small nip are to be adopted to improve the yam uniformity and reduce the hairiness.


The electric conductivity and electron spin resonance of α, α'-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dissolved in benzene are studied and a hopping conduction by exchange of unpaired electrons is proposed for the conduction mechanism. Moreover, the theoretical calculation shows a good agreement with the experimental results.


Synopsis In order to reduce the weight of roadway slab on medium- and long-span composite bridges, a possible alternative in the form of a steel-concrete-steel sandwich has been appraised. This consists of a concrete core, precast or otherwise, to which is attached reinforcement in the form of flat steel plates by means of epoxy resin adhesive. Specimens of the order of 100 mm thick were tested statically over a span of 1·8 m, and carried loads equivalent to wheels of the HB vehicle with an adequate safety margin. Accepted design procedures gave reasonable prediction of the ultimate loads.


In SU(N) Yang-Mills theories on a manifold M, which are suitably coupled to a set of scalars, fuzzy spheres may be generated as extra dimensions by spontaneous symmetry breaking. This process results in gauge theories over the product space of the manifold M and the fuzzy spheres with smaller gauge groups. Here we present the SU(2)– and SU(2) × SU(2)-equivariant parametrization of U(2) and U(4) gauge fields on S2F and S2F × S2F respectively and outline the dimensional reduction of these theories over the fuzzy extra dimensions. The emerging dimensionally reduced theories are Higgs type models. Some vortex type solutions of these theories are briefly discussed.


This paper describes a long-term habitat restoration project in the Blue Mountains ecoregion, northeast Oregon, that we initiated in May 2000. We focused our restoration activities on two habitats previously identified as being high priority for birds: quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). In the interior West, these two habitats have become heavily degraded as a result of ungulate herbivory, fire exclusion, and logging associated with Euro-American settlement. To begin to restore these important habitats, we established 12 permanent study sites, initiated restoration treatments (fence building and conifer removal in aspen; prescribed burning in pine), and collected baseline ecological data (birds and habitat) to describe reference conditions. In two years (2000?2001), we built approximately 7 km of fence around existing aspen stands, burned 400 ha of pine, monitored 816 nests of 46 bird species, and intensively sampled vegetative characteristics at a variety of scales. In 2002, we added another 0.75 km of fence, built 180 protective cages around individual aspen trees, and burned another 400 ha of pine. In this paper, we describe our study area, monitoring techniques, restoration activities, brief summaries of breeding bird abundance and nesting success, project progress to date, and future plans.


Security is cultivated and mobilized by enacting exclusionary practices, and exclusion is cultivated and realized on security grounds. This article explores the political dangers that lie in this connection, dangers which open the door to a fascist mobilization in the name of security. To do so the article first asks: what happens to our understanding of fascism if we view it through the lens of security? But then a far more interesting question emerges: what happens to our understanding of security if we view it through the lens of fascism? Out of these questions it is suggested that the central issue might be less a question of "security and exclusion" and much more a question of "security and extermination."


BACKGROUND AND AIM:The genotoxicity of chlorothalonil or cypermethrin on vicia faba root tip was studied by using micronucleus test technology.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Micronucleus assay and chromosomal aberration assay were used to determine the mitotic index,the micronucleus frequency and chromosomal aberration frequency of Vicia faba root tip cells induced by different concentrations of chlorothalonil and cypermethrin.RESULTS:Chlorothalonil and cypermethrin could increase the micronucleus rate of vicia faba root tip cells.Within a certain concentration range(5×10-10-5×10-6 g/L chlorothalonil,5×10-10-5×10-8 g/L cypermethrin),the rate of micronucleus increased with increasing concentration of chlorothalonil or cypermethrin,but decreased with further increase in concentrations.The cell mitosis index increased in different concentrations of chlorothalonil or cypermethrin.Besides,various types of chromosome aberration were also induced.CONCLUSION:Chlorothalonil and cypermethrin could produce apparent genotoxicity on Vicia faba root tip.


2013 This paper demonstrates electrical detection of single strand deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) conjugation by AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistor (HFET) biological sensors. The probe ssDNA molecules are modified by thiol groups. The immobilization of probe molecules is achieved by S–Au bonding on a thin layer of gold film in the sensing area. The immobilization and hybridization process are firstly implemented on Si surfaces and checked by fluorescent and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The hybridization process is monitored on AlGaN/GaN HFETs. Time-dependent current change is observed when a matched ssDNA solution is applied, while no response is observed for a mismatched ssDNA sequence. The DNA hybridization process is dominated by the conjugation between matched ssDNA sequences in the first few tens of seconds. After that, the hybridization process is dominated by mass transfer processes and saturation of the immobilized probe ssDNA


Auction activity is becoming a usual economic behavior in daily life.In the course of patting,two people lift card,A first and B second,who will win the auction ? Combining the whole probability formula of probability theory,the sufficient condition that took first to win was given.Based on this condition,probing into the competition price up and up,comparing with two people's equal difference drop of psychological endurance and the influence on auction striking.The corresponding probability calculation formula which the first one win was deduced.


Two newly synthesized naphthodithiophene-based copolymers, PNB, exhibit a low optical bandgap of ∼1.64 eV with which the solar cells fabricated from the blend of PNB and PC(71)BM afforded a power conversion efficiency of 5.3% with external quantum efficiency over 60% in a broad spectral range.


The Russian cultural policy is studied through its representation in the media discourse. The theoretical and methodological bases of studying the cultural policy and the role of mass media in the formation of public opinion are considered. The relation model "mass media the sphere of culture", applied to the current situation in the cultural policy of Russia is specified.


OBJECTIVES
To compare the stability of a screw-retained connection in a novel two-piece zirconia implant to a conventional titanium-based connection in an in vitro chewing simulation including artificial aging.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Incisor (I) and molar (M) shaped monolithic zirconia crowns were screw-retained on either two-piece zirconia (test) or two-piece titanium (control) implants resulting in 4 groups of 8 samples (titanium implants with incisor shaped crowns (T-I), titanium implants with molar shaped crowns (T-M), zirconia implants with incisor shaped crowns (Z-I) and zirconia implants with molar shaped crowns (Z-M). These were subjected to artificial aging by thermal cycling (TC: 2x3000x5°C/55°C cycles of 2 min) and mechanical loading (ML: 1.2•106 cycles of 50N, f = 1 Hz). Surviving samples additionally underwent a fracture force test. Kaplan-Meier-plots were drawn and two-way ANOVA was calculated taking anatomical localisation and material variables as factors.

RESULTS
The mean corresponding survival times were lower for T-M (0.86•106  ± 0.31•106 cycles) and Z-I (0.84•106  ± 0.21•106 cycles) compared to T-I (1.14•106  ± 0.10•106 cycles) and Z-M (1.20•106  ± 0.10•106 cycles). In one-way ANOVAs for survival time dependent on either location or material, no statistically significant differences could be found (location: p = .31; material: p = .62) in one-way ANOVAs. The interaction of location and material showed significant differences (F = 21.3, p < .001).

CONCLUSION
The connection of the tested screw-retained zirconia crowns in two-piece zirconia implants is comparable to standard titanium implants in the specific in vitro testing.


Using ambient intelligence to assist people with dementia in carrying out their Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) independently in smart home environment is an important research area, due to the projected increasing number of people with dementia. We present herein, a system and algorithms for the automated recognition of ADLs; the ADLs are in terms of plans made up encoded sequences of micro-context information gathered by sensors in a smart home. Previously, the Erroneous-Plan Recognition (EPR) system was developed to specifically handle the wide spectrum of micro contexts from multiple sensing modalities. The EPR system monitors the person with dementia and determines if he has executed a correct or erroneous ADL. However, due to the noisy readings of the sensing modalities, the EPR system has problems in accurately detecting the erroneous ADLs. We propose to improve the accuracy of the EPR system by two new key components. First, we model the smart home environment as a Markov decision process (MDP), with the EPR system built upon it. Simple referencing of this model allows us to filter erroneous readings of the sensing modalities. Second, we use the reinforcement learning concept of probability and reward to infer erroneous readings that are not filtered by the first key component.We conducted extensive experiments and showed that the accuracy of the new EPR system is 26.2% higher than the previous system, and is therefore a better system for ambient assistive living applications.


............................................................................................................................................. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... III TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. IV LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ............................................................................................................... IX ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................... XI 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO ASTHMA .............................................................................................................. 2 1.1.1 Clinical Presentation .............................................................................................................. 2 1.1.2 Diagnosis ............................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 Treatment .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.1.4 Phenotypes ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX ............................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 Clinical Presentation .............................................................................................................. 6 1.2.2 Diagnosis ............................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.3 Treatment .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.3 THE REFLUX ASTHMA ASSOCIATION ........................................................................................................ 8 1.3.1 Acid ...................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.2 Enzymes ............................................................................................................................... 11 1.3.3 Bacteria ............................................................................................................................... 12 1.3.4 Food Matter......................................................................................................................... 12 1.4 THE ORIGIN OF THE MACROPHAGE........................................................................................................ 15 1.4.1 Haematopoietic Stem Cells .................................................................................................. 15 1.4.2 Haematopoiesis in the Bone Marrow .................................................................................. 16 1.4.3 Major Cytokines and Growth Factors of Myelopoiesis ........................................................ 16 188.8.131.52 M-CSF ........................................................................................................................................ 17 18.104.22.168 GM-CSF ..................................................................................................................................... 19 184.108.40.206 G-CSF......................................................................................................................................... 19 18.104.22.168 IL-3 ............................................................................................................................................ 20 1.4.4 Adhesion and Molecular Interaction in the BM ................................................................... 20 1.4.5 Functional Development of Macrophage Precursors .......................................................... 21 1.4.6 Monocyte Extravasion and Migration to the Alveoli ........................................................... 22


Purpose Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria belonging to Streptomycetaceae family, a group of ubiquitous Gram‐positive bacteria, which are part of the soil saprophyte flora and involved in environmental organic matter decomposition. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. It is well known its capacity of production of antibiotics, antifungals and immunomodulating drugs (e.g., Streptomycin, Vancomycin, Chloramphenicol, Amphotericin B, Tetracycline, Tacrolimus and Bleomycin).


It has been suggested that bombesin (BN)-like peptides may play a physiological role in the control of food intake. The working hypothesis behind the experiments presented in this dissertation was that if this family of peptides is involved in the mediation of satiety, then the availability of the peptide(s) and/or its receptors should change with feeding status. Thus, the specific objectives of this research were to elucidate the changes in the availability of central and peripheral BN-like peptides and their receptors during a meal. In our preliminary experiments, all rats were food deprived for a 12 hr period. Half the animals were then permitted to eat solid food until satiated (35 min). Techniques of Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and quantitative autoradiography (QAR) were employed to measure peptide and receptor levels respectively in several brain and gut sites. Our results indicated significant increases in BN-like peptide levels, specifically gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) GRP1-27 and/or GRP18-27, in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and antral region of the stomach after food ingestion. The autoradiography study indicated an effect of food intake on central, but not gastrointestinal, BN-like peptide receptors, but failed to identify specific loci where these differences were significant between feeding states. The objective of the next series of experiments was to elucidate the pattern and degree of change in the levels of BN-like peptides and their receptors at different timepoints during different feeding states. These experiments included four groups of animals: (1) Rats that were food deprived for a 12 hr period; (2) and then given access to food for either 10 min or (3) 35 min. The fourth group constituted of non-deprived controls (ad libitum fed). RIA of hypothalamic, hippocampal, and medullary (control) tissues replicated and extended our earlier findings and showed that, in relation to the ad libitum condition, hypothalamic BN-like peptide concentrations were reduced by fasting, while hippocampal levels were elevated by feeding. The autoradiographic studies of several central areas demonstrated decreased binding in the hypothalamus, fundus striatum, and nucleus accumbens of the postprandial animals, as compared to the food deprived group. In the next experiment, an attempt was made to identify whether the changes noted at the receptor level were related to changes in the receptor number or affinity. The saturation experiments did not reveal significant alterations in the KD and Bmax of BN-like peptide receptors in response to food intake. Thus, the mechanisms underlying these receptor changes were not successfully established. The rapid alterations in peptide and receptor levels may support the contention that BN-like peptides play a physiological role in the regulation of ingestive behavior.


Jute (Corchorus spp.) is a natural bast fibre crop and has considerable commercial significance in the world after cotton, as it is a completely biodegradable, recyclable and environmental friendly lingo-cellulose fibre. For sustenance of the trade in the face of tough competition from synthetics, there is an urgent need to redesign the ongoing breeding strategy to improve both the yield and quality of jute fibre. It is therefore, essential to understand the pattern of genetic diversity in this important commercial crop species. Five Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) were amplified in 30 genotypes of both the cultivated species of jute Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis. The study was undertaken to identify the efficient SSR primers that could differentiate a set of 30 jute genotypes. Various efficiency parameters, namely: Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), Resolving Power (RP), Mean Resolving Power and Diversity Index (DI) were studied. The relationship between the parameters was studied using simple correlation coefficient. Dendrogram was constructed to find out the genetic diversity among the germplasm. These SSR markers will facilitate further studies in population genetics and utilization of this crop.


The brake hub temperatures of test trucks and actual trucks at test section were observed respectively,the relationship of brake hub temperature with grade degree,grade length,truck operating speed and total mass was analyzed by using SPSS software,the brake hub temperature prediction model of truck at long-steep downgrade was established,and the rational safety grade length was obtained based on the model.Analysis results show that the brake hub temperatures for safety grade length,general safety grade length and maximum limit grade length at long-steep downgrade section are 200 ℃,220 ℃ and 260 ℃ respectively,and the rational grade lengths of different class highways can be confirmed through the brake hub temperature prediction model.10 tabs,1 fig,8 refs.


Recently we reported on a successful achievement of 7Li Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) by all-optical means [1]. Forced evaporation was performed in a crossed-beam optical trap and BEC was observed on a spontaneously purified |F=1,mF=0≫ spin state. Feshabch resonances were used to tune elastic collision rate. However, inelastic processes such as dipole relaxation and three-body recombination show dramatic enhancement in the vicinity of Feshabch resonances and may limit atom densities and trap lifetime [2]. Indeed, working in between the resonances (866G) we obtained only a few hundreds of atoms in the BEC and its lifetime was extremely short [1].


Based on the anti-seismic designing idea of architecture structure that is depending on the performance, this paper develops a new seismic damage model for reinforced concrete structure which is subjected to shedr loading, and the method of determining the performance parameters of the model is proposed. By comparing the latest research results both domestic and international with designing scheme of three standards which is currenthy used for national regulations on antiseismic design, the determination on seismic damage objective and the designing principles and method based on the seismic damage performance are also proposed.


The objective of railway vehicle major is to train high qualified personnel with the all round development of morality,intelligence and physique in maintenance,application,and management of railway vehicle,who should understand the knowledge of railway vehicle's structure and principle technical theory,and have practical skills in railway vehicle detection,fault diagnosis and treatment,with good professional ethics and career developing foundation.This paper will discuss several aspects of the innovation of "double main body,the whole process" order form talents' training mode,project course system,course standard,professional teaching team,internal and external practical training base,common organization management,evaluation of talents' training quality,to explore how to build the long-term operational mechanism of college-enterprise cooperation in railway vehicles major.


In this paper attention is focused on a power pool coordinating center which monitors the line flows but lacks detailed information on pool member topology and operation. A disturbance in an area of the power pool is sensed by tie line flows. The paper uses the BPM (Biproportional Matrix) algorithm with a non-linear gradient projection method and optimal aggregate/disaggregate rules for determining the optimal tie line flows to be assigned to the reconfigured network N+6N, where N is the original power system network in each area. This is an excellent measurement technique for the line contingency problems and provides an efficient tool for power pool dispatch center operator actions.


Roy Alden Atwood, Ph.D. in Mass Communication (Iowa), was at the time of writing this article a Senior Fulbright Scholar at the Institute for Communication Research, Potchefstroom University, South Africa, guest editor of Ecquid Novi, and director of the School of Communication at the University of Idaho. He is now the dean and senior fellow of humanities at New St. Andrews College, Moscow, Idaho. He has been a visiting professor at Egerton University, Kenya, and a Senior Fulbright Scholar at the Journalism Institute of Warsaw University, Poland. He is a former editor of The Journal of Communication Inquiry and book review editor of American Journalism. An early report of his ongoing hand-written news publications history project received a Faculty Research Award from AEJMC's History Division.


We've all overheard conversations between people who have no qualms about sharing their private lives with those around them. Yet the issue of privacy has a very different face for pharmacists.


Educated by his father, Bingham taught school in Williamsboro for some time before entering The University of North Carolina in 1821. After taking a B.A. with first honors in 1825, he read law in the offices of Archibald D. Murphey. His father's death in February 1826 forced him to return home to complete the term's instruction at the family school in the Mount Repose community of Orange County [7]. Shortly afterward, he decided to abandon law and to teach as a career. To prepare himself, he embarked on a lengthy tour of the better-known private schools of New England and Virginia in order to study their teaching methods.