With the increase of space debris, the technology of spacecraft collision avoidance has become more and more important. In this paper, an analytical method of selecting objects is investigated based on mean elements, which is free from the restriction of the spacecraft launch time and the instantaneous position. If only the launch orbit of a spacecraft is known, this method can be used to select potential dangerous objects from thousands of space objects for several days before the launch window of the mission.


: This paper aims to review recent research progress in lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) techniques and bone biomaterials for treating low back pain resulting from lumbar instability and/or deformity. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E), and SpringerLink databases from their inception until April 2023. The search focused on relevant articles published within the past five years, using keywords such as lumbar fusion approach, lumbar interbody fusion cage, lumbar fusion stem cells, lumbar fusion biomaterials, and bone biology of lumbar fusion. Currently, lumbar interbody fusion techniques encompass posterior, anterior, lateral, oblique, and minimally invasive approaches. The transforaminal oblique lumbar fusion approach is gaining popularity due to its ability to minimize paraspinal muscle dissection and nerve traction. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, the incidence of fusion failure after LIF remains high, ranging from 7% to 20%, and is even higher in patients with osteoporosis. This review also discusses the improvement of fusion materials properties and the development of new bone biological products incorporating nanomaterials to enhance the release of effective osteogenic proteins and mesenchymal stem cells for promoting lumbar interbody fusion. Significant advancements have been made in surgical techniques for LIF over the past few decades. However, postoperative nonfusion continues to be a major challenge. Future solutions are expected to arise through the development of more efficient surgical techniques, fusion cages, and bone biomaterials.


A record of the speeches of scholars and creative artists who appeared at the Thoreau Festival at Nassau College, each with a special insight and perspective on Thoreau.


0o In the papers [4] and [5], we report some trace relations o the twisting operators on the space of cusp forms of half-integral weight S(k+l/2, N, z) and on the Kohnen subspace S(k+l/2, N, z). In this paper, we shall use these trace relations of the twisting operators in order to decompose the. spaces S(k+ 1 2, N, Z) and S(k q1/2, N, Z) into nice subspaces, i.e., the space o "newforms" which correspond in one to one way to a system of eigen-values for Hecke operators. For simplicity of statements, we treat only the case of the Kohnen subspace o1 level 4p, weight k+l/2 and a character z, where p is an odd prime number, 2m e Z, 2k e Z, and is an even character modulo 4p such that= 1. More general results and details will appear in [6].


Very few small businesses become highly successful "stars" subsequent to Small Business Institute assistance. This article provides an overview of the issues of consultation effectiveness, client survival, and long-term client performance. It then presents a longitudinal case study of an extremely successful SBI client. This is followed by a discussion of the reasons why some consulting clients do not succeed while others do succeed with varying levels of performance. Finally, implications for the SBI consulting process are presented.


We propose algorithms for distributing the classifier rules to two TCAMs (ternary content addressable memories) and for incrementally updating the TCAMs. The performance of our scheme is compared against the prevalent scheme of storing classifier rules in a single TCAM in priority order. Our scheme results in an improvement in average lookup speed by up to 48% and our experiments demonstrate an improvement in update performance by up to 2.8 times in terms of the number of TCAM writes.


Hydrate equilibrium data of the CH4 + tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) + water have been measured by using the isothermal pressure search method for four components of TBAB aqueous solutions. The three-phase equilibrium lines obtained in the present study are shifted to the low-temperature or high-pressure side from that of the stoichiometric TBAB solution. Moreover, methane uptake into semi-clathrates is confirmed by a shift in the clathrate regions when methane is present. The experiments are carried out in the pressure range of (0.5 to 11) MPa and in the temperature range of (281.15 to 295.15) K.


The utility model relates to a cutting frame walking and hanging structure of a cutting machine. The cutting frame walking and hanging structure of the cutting machine comprises a cutting frame and a beam used for carrying the cutting frame. A driving motor is arranged on the cutting frame, and an output shaft of the driving motor is provided with a gear. A rack meshed with the gear is arranged on the beam. The cutting frame walking and hanging structure of the cutting machine is characterized in that a guide rail is arranged on the beam, and the two sides of the cutting frame are provided with a plurality of rolling wheels matched with the guide rail and used for hanging the cutting frame. The cutting frame walking and hanging structure of the cutting machine has the advantages that the cutting frame is good in operation stability, the cutting machine is high in cutting precision, and in addition, equipment is long in service life and low in maintenance cost.


Two novel metal–organic frameworks, formulated as [Ni3(qptc)2(H2O)3]·3.5H2O·3Me2NH (1) and [Co3(qptc)2(H2O)4]·5H2O (2) (H4qptc = 1,1′:4′,1′′:4′′,1′′′-quaterphenyl-2,4,2′′′,4′′′-tetracarboxylic acid), have been hydrothermally constructed based on a rigid aromatic multicarboxylate ligand. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system with space group P and possesses a 4,8-connected 3D open framework including trinuclear nickel Ni3 SBUs, which belongs to an scu topology with the point symbols (416·612) and (44·62). Complex 2 belongs to the monoclinic crystal system with space group C2/c and exhibits a 3D framework containing Co3 SBUs, which is a flu topology with the point symbols (412·612·84) and (46). Furthermore, the variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities of complexes 1 and 2 have been investigated. Both complexes show weak ferromagnetic coupling between metal ions estimated by using a linear trinuclear model for 1 in the range of 2–300 K and the PHI program for 2 in the range of 20–300 K taking the orbital contribution into consideration.


become independent individuals, capable of evaluating their own values and those of others, only hinted at in existing programmes, must become a top ingredient of any intercultural education. There are other important findings in the book, such as rejecting the widespread tradition of teaching knowledge which neglects practising appropriate attitudes and skills. Though it would be possible to use the same approach in all the chapters, for example by producing detailed East and West German civics syllabuses, reflecting the different identities of the two states in Chapter 4, this would be most likely to impoverish the entire survey by leaving less space for challenging new information and the formulation of new questions relevant to the aims of the book. Being intercultural does not mean integration or consensus but insistence on interest and respect for others and cooperation (Nikitorowicz, 1999). By attempting to tackle the dichotomies of multiand interculturality in citizenship education and practice, the book is revealed as a challenging and ambitious publication. It is also very good at keeping to its brief. Analysing other dilemmas, such as the distinction between moral and political dimensions in citizenship education (starting on p. 8 and more fully developed in Chapter 4 when comparing British reluctance to adopt a pronounced political stance with the often excessively patriotic emphasis in the school curriculum in the United States), would go beyond its specified aims. Even so, if such new dilemmas are found only in the margins of some chapters, it is proof of the wide scope of this volume dealing with the politics and policies of intercultural citizenship education. Education for Intercultural Citizenship is an important and eminently timely book, its content well argued and the whole of it well structured and carefully edited with no major omissions or blemishes. It is a welcome source for interested readers and a useful resource for higher and further education students and teachers.


It is widely known that if sandy soil deposits are overconsolidated, their liquefaction strength increases. However, only a few studies have investigated the effects of overconsolidation by means of element tests to simulate the in-situ ground condition more correctly. In the present study, the liquefaction strength characteristics of overconsolidated sand samples were investigated under K0-stress condition using a hollow cylindrical torsional shear apparatus, based on the supposition that earthquake excitations apply to the horizontal ground. Furthermore, two methods, preloading and dewatering, were believed to simulate the stress histories of overconsolidation. Toyoura clean sand was used as a sample. The following behaviors were observed in the tests; 1) The liquefaction strength was greater in the tests under K0consolidation than under isotropic and anisotropic consolidations. 2) There is a possibility that the liquefaction strength increased more remarkably in the sandy soil deposits that were subjected to the preloading method than to the dewatering method.


The result of surface passivation is briefly reported Preparation and chemical components of anodic oxidation layer and its physical and chemical properties are presented Finally, annealing treatmeut and result of the oxidation layer are described.


Aim: To develop an improved, rapid and sensitive sample preparation method for PCR‐based detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef.


Student is an individual who is in the process of studying a particular discipline. One of the biggest challenges when someone becomes a student is working on a thesis as one of the final forms of the study program being undertaken. Many factors influence how quickly and persistently a person completes it, one of which is social support. This study aims to factually describe how the level of social support is for psychology students who are working on their thesis. This study used quantitative research methods, then used a descriptive approach. The sample of this study was 149 students from a total of 254 student population. The measuring instrument used in this study is the social support scale which is compiled based on 4 aspects of social support and has been tested  valid and reliable to use. After the data has been collected and processed, it can be concluded that informative with total of 35% percentage and instrumental support with 41% total of percentage is the highest type of social support obtained by the sample, while emotional support and appreciation support obtained by the research sample is still low with each percentage 34% and 35%.


In this paper, we address the problem of adaptively enriching motion description languages for multi-modal control by systematically enlarging the set of available modes. This problem is formulated as an optimal control problem, where new modes are designed by combining recurring mode string fragments into smooth, new "meta-modes" and variational arguments are employed to derive optimality conditions for this construction.


The authors extended the problem of the instabilities in a two stream plasma, in which the density across the stream is variable, to the case of a uniform magnetic field applied parallel to the plasma streams.


Abstract : Information systems consist of collections of recorded information, custodians who organize and maintain the collections, retrieval procedures and users. The conceptual foundations for these systems are derived from mathematics, engineering, behavioral science and the many other disciplines which together make up information science. The concepts are the theoretical formulations or principles concerning methods of storing, indexing, and retrieving information which are used in the design of information storage and retrieval systems. Seven concepts are enunciated. These deal with the need, equipment user responsiveness, language processing, indexing, classification and storage. The system design implications of each concept are discussed separately and then organized together to form an information storage and retrieval system of the future called BOLD.


Previous studies involving high extracellular concentrations of various NO donors (20 μM to 2 mM) showed that they strongly inhibited lipolysis in adipose tissue. However, the physiological significance of these findings remains obscure. On the basis of our recent report that dietary supplementation with L‐arginine (the physiological nitrogenous precursor of NO) reduced fat mass in Zucker diabetic fatty rats, the present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the arginine‐NO pathway modulates lipolysis in adipose tissues of obese human subjects. Subcutaneous and omental fat tissues (~100 mg) were obtained from 8 adult women with BMI between 30 and 40 kg/m2, minced into small fragments, and incubated at 37 oC for 3 h in 1 ml of Krebs bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 5 mM glucose, 4% BSA, and one of the following: 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, or 500 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP; an NO donor); 0, 0.5 or 2 mM L‐arginine; or 5 μM 8‐bromo cGMP (a mediator of NO effect). At the end of the incubation, the medium was analyzed for glycerol as an indicator of lipolysis. SNP at 0 to 5 μM dose‐dependently increased (P < 0.05) lipolysis by up to 50–54% in both subcutaneous and omental fat tissues, whereas SNP at 25 to 500 μM dose‐dependently decreased (P < 0.05) lipolysis by up to 90% in the tissues. L‐Arginine at 0.5 and 2 mM increased (P < 0.05) lipolysis by ~ 24% and 50%, respectively, in both fat tissues, whereas 5 μM 8‐bromo cGMP stimulated their lipolysis by 47–55%. Our results indicate that physiologic levels of NO increase, while excess levels inhibit, lipolysis in human adipose tissue. The dose‐dependent lipolytic effects of NO clarify the discrepancies in the literature regarding a role for NO in fat metabolism.


Objective: To assess the incidence and predictive factors of benign renal lesions in surgical specimens obtained at our institution. Methods: We carried out a retrospective assessment of 96 renal nodules, diagnosed by dynamic multi-detector row helical computed tomography, and resected by either radical or partial nephrectomy between January 2004 and November 2011. The incidence of benign lesions in 1-cm increments of diameter was determined and the predictive factors for these lesions were then evaluated. Results: Of the 96 nodules, histology confirmed that 13 (13.5%) were benign. The incidence of benign lesions was 25.0% for nodules <1 cm, 23.8% for nodules 1-1.9 cm, 11.5% for nodules 2-2.9 cm, 7.7% for nodules 3-3.9 cm, and 7.1% for nodules ≥4 cm. Multivariate analysis showed that younger age (<60 years; odds ratio [OR] = 5.23), female gender (OR = 4.78), and smaller nodule size (<3 cm; OR = 6.14) were significant predictive factors for benign lesions. Conclusions: The incidence of benign lesions in this study (13.5% of total cases) was relatively low compared with recent studies from Western countries that reported an incidence of 15-20%. Significant predictive factors for benign lesions included younger age, female gender, and smaller tumor size.


Results of an analytical investigation of transient and steady-state temperature and current profiles within the active region of a variety of IMPATT structures are presented. The analyses are based on thermal models which assume power dissipation distributions with an axial dependence proportional to the electric field intensityE(z)and a radial dependence proportional to the local current densityj(r). Examples are presented in which the local current density is assumed to decrease with the local temperature according to the expressionj(r) = a [V - V_{0} - b(T(r) - T_{0})]. The temperature gradients within the active region depend strongly on the doping profile. These analyses show that the maximum temperature at the edge of the active region can be as much as 25 percent higher than at the center of the avalanche region, especially for high-efficiency high-power structures where the ionization is highly localized and the electric-field intensity in the drift region is sufficiently high to prevent unsaturated drift velocities and depletion-layer modulation. Breakdown calculations using temperature-dependent ionization coefficients and axial temperature profiles suggest that actual temperatures within a device can be significantly higher than those measured experimentally by using a predetermined breakdown voltage versus temperature calibration curve. Curves are presented which show normalized current density and axial and radial temperature profiles within the active region of selected devices for various values of time.


THE WORLD OF ISRAEL'S ANCESTORS (THE BOOKS OF GENESIS THROUGH DEUTERONOMY) AND OUR WORLD The first five books of the Bible describe the creation of the world (Genesis 1–2) and the earliest history of humanity including the destruction of the inhabited world by a flood, before they tell the story of the ancestors of Jacob, who came to be called "Israel," which means "he struggles with God." The story includes the call of Abraham to come to the land of Canaan (Genesis 12) and continues with the lives of Isaac and Jacob. Jacob is named Israel as the consequence of his physical struggle with God (Genesis 32), and he gives that name to the people called Israel. The twelve sons of Jacob/Israel go down to Egypt; after their descendants become a sizable people, they are forced into slavery by a pharaoh. Moses, one of the "Hebrews" (as the Egyptians call these foreigners with their strange, West Semitic language) brought up at the Egyptian court, leads the Hebrews out of slavery and through the wilderness of Sinai to the threshold of the land of Canaan. On the way, Moses gives the people, on behalf of God, civil, religious, and ceremonial laws that identify the Hebrews as the people of Yahweh, who first called Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and who delivered the Hebrews from slavery.


Through analyzing the status of industrial architectures,it expounds the development history and time background of industry architectures,and points out six angles of the developing trend for modern industrial architectures,including city design,pluralism,high-tech,humanization,continuity,and cultural property,with a view to guide industrial architecture design.


A 26-year-old man with diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma presented with painful peripheral bone involvement and with acute renal failure associated with massive lymphomatous renal infiltration. Renal function returned to near normal following combination chemotherapy with bleomycin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone (BACOP).


The British Medical Journal's "man in Chicago" presents a tongue-in-cheek view of the attitude of various segments of the American public to the Baby Fae baboon heart transplant and the mechanical heart implant at the Humana Heart Institute. Dunea ties these events to a recent report from the Office of Technology Assessment concerned with the high costs of medical care, especially care involving complex technologies, and with the potential impact of new Medicare reimbursement policies. He concludes with several anecdotes about the mass media and sex surveys and takes a final jab at Americans' worship of British pomp and tradition.


Medical computing is not merely about medicine or computing. It is about the introduction of new tools into environments with established social norms and practices. Anderson & Aydin


Resuspension affects water quality in coastal environments by entraining seabed organic matter into the water column, which can increase remineralization, alter seabed fluxes, decrease water clarity, and affect oxygen and nutrient dynamics. Nearly all numerical models of water column biogeochemistry, however, simplify seabed and bottom boundary layer processes and neglect resuspension. Here we implemented HydroBioSed, a coupled hydrodynamic-sediment transport-biogeochemical model to examine the role of resuspension in regulating oxygen and nitrogen dynamics on timescales of a day to a month. The model was implemented for the northern Gulf of Mexico, where the extent of summertime hypoxia is sensitive to seabed and bottom boundary layer processes. Results indicated that particulate organic matter remineralization in the bottom water column increased by an order of magnitude during resuspension events. This increased sediment oxygen consumption and ammonium production, which were defined as the sum of seabed fluxes of oxygen and ammonium, plus oxygen consumption and ammonium production in the water column due to resuspended organic matter. The increases in remineralization impacted biogeochemical dynamics to a greater extent than resuspension-induced seabed fluxes and oxidation of reduced chemical species. The effect of resuspension on bottom water biogeochemistry increased with particulate organic matter availability, which was modulated by sediment transport patterns. Overall, when averaged over the shelf and on timescales of a month in the numerical model, cycles of erosion and deposition accounted for about two thirds of sediment oxygen consumption and almost all of the sediment ammonium production. Plain Language Summary In coastal waters, oxygen and nitrogen levels affect the health of fish and other organisms. In the Gulf of Mexico, for example, low-oxygen regions called hypoxic areas or "dead zones" form in the summertime near the seabed in "bottom water". It can be difficult to understand and quantify variations in bottomwater oxygen and nitrogen levels, however, because: (1) water quality there is affected by many different physical and biological processes; and (2) observational studies are limited by cost, safety and technological advances. To complement previous observational studies, this paper used a new numerical modeling approach that accounts for many physical and biological processes in the seabed and water. Specifically, we used the model to evaluate how resuspension, especially the entrainment of organic matter from the seabed into the water, affected oxygen and nitrogen levels in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Model results indicated that resuspension increased the decomposition of organic matter, decreasing oxygen levels and increasing ammonium (a form of nitrogen) levels in bottom water. This effect was largest in regions with abundant seabed organic matter and frequent resuspension. These modeling results can help scientists and environmental managers understand how resuspension affects oxygen and nitrogen levels in bottom waters.


Simple Summary Ultrasonography is an accurate method to objectively measure subcutaneous fat (SF) thickness and to routinely predict body fat reserves in cows, horses, and donkeys. The aim of the present study was to describe ultrasonographic SF thickness in periparturient jennies. The SF was evaluated in 6 different truncal location in 6 dairy jennies prior and post parturition. Measurement values were reported and each site were compared through time. No statistically significant differences were found between sites and time. The mean values of SF measurements were above those reported by others. A good and reliable association was detected between body condition score (BCS) and sites during the whole study period. Our study gives a preliminary description of different body locations fat reserves evaluated by ultrasonography, showing no significative variations, in pregnant and lactating jennies. Abstract The body condition score (BCS) represents a practical but subjective method for assessing body fat reserves. Real time ultrasonography (RTU) has been proposed as an accurate method to objectively measure subcutaneous fat (SF) thickness and predict body fat reserves in cows, horses and donkeys. The aim of the present study was to describe RTU measures of SF thickness during periparturient period in jennies. The present prospective cohort study evaluated six dairy jennies. SF RTU were performed at 15 and 7 days before the presumptive delivery, and 2, 15 and 30 days after delivery. A portable ultrasound machine and multifrequency linear transducer (5–7.5 MHz) was used. RTU images were obtained in six sites (S1–S6). Results at each time point were reported as mean ± standard deviation and compared through time. A total of 180 images were evaluated. RTU technique was easy to perform and well tolerated. No statistically significant differences were found of each site during time, except for S2 and S6a: S2 at T2 and S6a at T1 were significatively different to values obtained at T5. The RTU mean values were above those reported by others, suggesting major physio-logical challenges related to energy balance and fat mobilization in pregnant jennies bred for milking production. BCS and sites through observational time have shown a good and reliable association. Our study could give preliminary indications on fat reserves in different body locations evaluated thanks to RTU and it show no significative variation of SF thickness, in pregnant and lactating jennies.


The site-directed mutagenesis opens the doors to investigations of the fundamental nature of proteins and to additions of new valuable characters to proteins. In such circumstances, it is desired to speed up the X-ray structure analyses of protein molecules. Area detectors are expected as one of the promising outcomes of recent technical developments and it can collect diffraction intensities many times more rapidly than current instruments. One can design a new protein from the many results of these protein structure determinations and also of the closely related protein structures. [J. Cryst. Soc. Jpn. 29, 27 (1987) ] .


In this paper, the Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit Algorithm (CoSaMP) is applied to microwave reconstruction of a 2-dimensional non-sparse object. First, an adaptive discretization method, DistMesh method, is applied to discretize the image domain based on the region of interest. The dual-mesh method is able to provide denser and smaller discretized cells in more important areas of the object and larger cells in other areas, thereby providing more details in the interest domain and keeping the computational burden at a reasonable level. Another benefit of using the dual-mesh method is that it automatically generates size functions and adapts to the curvature and the feature size of the geometry. In addition, the size of each cell changes gradually. Next, the inverse scattering problem is solved in frame of Distorted Born Iterative Method (DBIM). During each iteration of DBIM, the near field scattering problem is modeled as a set of linear equations. Furthermore, a compressive sensing (CS) method called the Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit Algorithm is applied to solve the nonlinear inverse problem. During this process, two innovative steps are applied. First, for the reconstruction of the non-sparse object, the signal input to our algorithm is processed via a wavelet transformation to obtain sparsity. Second, as the dual-mesh method discretizes more important cells in smaller sizes, these cells have high potential to be filtered by the threshold of CoSaMP. As a result, a regularization matrix is introduced to reduce the effect of size. Finally, we present numerical experiment results based on our dual-mesh method combined with the regularized CoSaMP algorithm.


Objective To compare the analgesic and the adverse effects of morphine and fentanyl used for PCEA.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients were randomly divided into two groups with 30 cases each. Patients received 0.005% morphine,0.005% droperidol,0.187% bopivacaine in group A,and patients in group B received 0.0005% fentanyl instead of morphine in group A.Postoperative analgesia was provided by PCA pump with LCP model(load dosage 5ml+lasting dosage 2ml+0.5ml/per time).Results ①Both groups didn't show any significant difference in the analgesic effects (P0.05).②Adverse effects such as urinary retention,nausea,vomits,itching,somnolence and hypotension were more serious in group A than in group B(P0.01).Conclusion Both morphine and fentanyl are satisfactory for PCEA,but the former has more adverse effects than the latter.So fentanyl is more suitable for PCEA.


This project was initiated by Ed Roper, Deputy Headmaster of Brisbane Grammar School, in July 2019. There are two broad influences impacting this review; (1) Ensuring that the Brisbane Grammar Music School has the most effective, appropriate and 'right' (fit-for-purpose) vision, organizational structures and institutional and personal accountabilities in place for both academic and co-curricular programs. (2) To provide recommendations to better align whole-school and music department strategies and communications.


The utility model relates to an evaporating apparatus utilizing process waste gas as a heat source, which belongs to a liquid concentrating apparatus. The utility model comprises a heat exchanging evaporation tower which is provided with a clamping sleeve and a tube, wherein, a washing tower is arranged before the heat exchanging evaporation tower, the washing tower is connected with the pipeline of an inlet pipe for the shell heat source, the inlet pipe for the shell heat source is arranged on the upper part of the heat exchanging evaporation tower, a blower is arranged on an outlet pipe for the shell heat source, and the outlet pipe for the shell heat source is arranged on the lower part of the heat exchanging evaporation tower. The utility model can preprocess process heat waste gas through the washing tower, the detention of the waste gas in the heat changing evaporation tower can be solved by using the blower, the concentration evaporation process by using the waste gas as the heat source can be implemented, and the cost can be saved.


Deletional α+-thalassemia (–α3.7) was investigated in four groups of unrelated individuals from the Bantu population (newborns, normal adults, sickle cells trait carriers, sickle cell anemia patients) of Brazzaville, Congo. The frequency of the (–α3.7) chromosome was similar between newborns (f = 0.40) and adult subjects (f = 0.36), and between sicklers and nonsickler subjects. The frequency of the (–α3.7) chromosome in sickle cell anemia patients (SS patients) did not change when age was stratified. The hematological characteristics of SS patients with (–α/αα, –α/–α) and without (αα/αα) α+-thalassemia were similar to those reported in Jamaican and US sickle cell anemia patients. α+-Thalassemia had an effect on the percentage of hemoglobin S in sickle cell trait carriers. Thus, the high frequency of α+-thalassemia in the Congolese population presumably results from this disorder having a selective advantage favoring survival. However, the frequency of α+-thalassemia was not affected by age. Although in this selective tropical environment, α+-thalassemia as elsewhere markedly affects the hematological characteristics of sickle cell anemia patients, however our data provide no evidence that α+-thalassemia increases survival of SS patients.


[If we accept the Indo-Hittite hypothesis, the existence of middle rparadigms in both Hittite and Indo-European puts the middle ending -r back into Indo-Hittite. Even if we assume that Hittite is simply one of the IE dialects, the evidence for medial r-forms in PIE is still overwhelmingly strong. The semantic aspect is important. There is virtually no positive evidence for a volitive impersonal in -r. But verbal r-forms with middle meaning occur in Indo-Iranian, Tocharian, Hittite, Armenian, Phrygian, Venetic, Italic, and Celtic. This proves that not only r-forms, but r-forms with middle meaning, were inherited.]


The present invention utilizes an input processing to provide the ability to enter a user input to the operation. Receiving a user input, using the input and performing a set of one or more auxiliary applications. Is then calculated for the set priority, which priority is used to indicate that the input to the respective application how to link one or more auxiliary applications each.


The purpose of this study is following. We searched the qualitative reformation so that the physical education of the university dually divided by department and managed un directly by physical education department may help students enjoy the university sports better. In this study qualitative methodologies are used. The problems of the cultural physical education - induced by various qualitative materials such as written statements through the individual interview and the group interview with persons concerned, documentary records, and etc.-are divided into four viewpoints-curriculum, courses, facilities, and an evening school. As a result, we find that most problems of the cultural physical education are due to the lack of the facilities and space. Moreover, we find that the concern shortage of the proper authorities is the biggest problem. Accordingly, it is mentioned that the active concern expression of the proper authorities is a preceding task. The concrete suggestions of this study are these: the increase of specialized courses through curriculum reformation, the extension of complex indoor gymnasiums, the making up the special budget, the reinforcement of management and direction, and the construction of the cooperating with the related persons in the universities.


ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is going to be a great opportunity and yet challenges for any business practices. The market integration provides possibilities to develop the business; however, the intercultural aspect would be another challenge. This study is analyzing the global marketing strategy and implementation for any corporation in taking advantage of an opportunity and overcome the obstacles. Theories on marketing and corporate communications are used as the research fundamentals. The research uses a qualitative research method according to find the answers to the case. Secondary data, depth interviews, and literature study become the source of triangular data analysis which are divided into three steps of coding. The research shows that strategy and implementation which combines marketing communication and CSR, especially Cause Related Marketing, becomes one of the appropriate global marketing strategy and execution. Proper implementation in term of its capability to increase the brand engagement and to overcome the intercultural obstacle is the primary challenge in global marketing. Based on the result, as a practical recommendation, the development of strategy and implementation in cause-related marketing would be resourceful if the business is also emphasizing and involving the local wisdom.


Traditional chemical approach of disinfection mostly used in agricultural industry has several disadvantages such as low ecologic quality, probability of poisoning and chronic diseases cause. This paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of ozonization method as a mean of disinfecting and deodorizing. We showed the possible usage of ozone in agricultural industry and the required ozone concentration for different technological processes. In addition, we showed the results of research of influence of the electro-filtration installation with increased generation of ozone on parameters of air environment of the incubator cabinet and percentage of the output of healthy chickens, which were held in the hatchery at Chelyabinsk poultry farm. The research has shown that the usage of this device helps to reach the desired concentration of ozone in the air environment of the incubator cabinet. In addition, the air is cleaned from dust particles and microorganisms with a higher efficiency. The efficiency of ozone disinfection appeared to be higher comparing with formaldehyde disinfection. The research has determined that the usage of this device authentically improves the hatchability percentage of healthy chickens.


Presented is the design of a planar lowpass filter with stubs separated by transmission lines. To minimise dimensions, the filter is completed by a fractal defected-ground structure (DGS). The fractal DGS filter requires a 20% smaller substrate compared to a conventional filter with stubs.


A principle for program structuring is introduced. The principle follows from adopting the idea that structure in a program is realized by changing or setting particular subsets of a program's variables under certain defined conditions. Individual structural components may then be defined by changing minimum subsets of variables that permit progress. This method of program structuring is Widely applicable. Examples are presented demonstrating how the structuring principle can be applied to advantage in the implementation of several well-known algorithms.


Compilation of 1999 outlook articles written by faculty in the Department of Agricultural Economics at Michigan State University covering issues such as the economy, farm policy, commodity prices and production, farm income, and farm input supplies.


There are large coal resources reserves and being plenty of rich coal and associated symbiotic mineral resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.After years of development and construction,a coal-based energy industrial system has initially formed,the coal industry has become a pillar industry of local economy and national coal security-assuring base.Along with the rapid development of coal industry,the problems such as low resources comprehensive utilization level,the short industrial chain,serious environmental pollution in some areas and ecological damage and other problems becoming more and more prominent,according to the above mentioned the author putts forward some recommendations.


The disclosure relates to an apparatus for compensating for such deformations as occur in operation in first and second clamping surfaces (52, 53) intended for a toll (9) in a press (1), the clamping surfaces being reciprocally moveable towards and away from one another in order to move a first and second part of the tool (9) towards and away from one another, and the first and second tool parts have a first and second abutment surface (54, 55, respectively) for abutment against the first and second clamping surface (52, 53, respectively) and the deformations cause uneven pressure in at leaston contact region (56) between the tool (9) and the clamping surfaces (52, 53). According to the present invention, there is disposed, in at least one contact region (56) between a clamping surface (52) and an abutment surface (54), a power unit which, on activation, is operative to press, away from the clamping surface (52) located in the contact region (56) at least a part of the abutment surface (54) of the tool (9) located there.


A complex of  ice cover characteristics and  the season of  the year were considered  in relation  to vessel route planning in ice‐covered areas on the NSR. The criteria for navigation in ice ‐ both year‐round and seasonal were analyzed. The analysis of the experts knowledge, dissipated in the literature, allowed to identify some rules of route planning in ice‐covered areas. The most important processes from the navigation point of view are the development and disintegration of ice, the formation and disintegration of fast ice and behavior of the ice massifs and polynyas. The optimal route  is selected on basis of available analysis and  forecast maps of  ice conditions and  ice class, draught and seaworthiness of the vessel. The boundary of the ice indicates areas accessible to vessels without ice  class. Areas with a  concentration of  ice  from 0  to 6/10 are used  for navigation of vessels of different  ice classes. Areas of concentration of ice from 7/10 up are eligible for navigation for icebreakers and vessels with a high ice class with the assistance of icebreakers. These rules were collected in the decision tree. Following such developed  decision‐making model  the master  of  the  vessel may  take  decision  independently  by  accepting grading  criteria  of priorities  resulting  from his  knowledge,  experience  and  the  circumstances  of navigation. Formalized form of decision making model reduces risk of the ʺhuman factorʺ in the decision and thereby help improve the safety of maritime transport. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 10


seed weight was different among seed of Celastrus angulatus from several areas,but oil content were almost same.The fatty acid composition and content in seed oils were analyzed by gas chromatagraphy and compared with 2 species from same family and 2 species using as botanical pesticide.The results indicate that the unsaturated fatty acid content of Celastrus angulatus seed oil is relative high,reaching 71.1%,linolenic acid content is 18.2% that far higher than that of the other species.


Obesity is a global public health problem and it is a risk factor for many chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular illness and cancer. Malaysia has been rated as the highest among Asian countries for obesity. The fruit rind of Garcinia atroviridis, also known as 'Asam Gelugor', is one of sources for hydroxycitric acid (HCA). HCA is a phytochemical that have potential as weight management agent and it recently gained popularity among public. This present study was done to investigate the lipid modulation ability of G. atroviridis fruit extract in vitro using 3T3-L1 cell line. Fresh fruit of G. atroviridis was macerated using ethanol, rota-vapourised and freeze-dried yielding powdered extract. Then, cell viability assay was conducted using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide salt (MTT). Three concentrations were chosen to be used in adipocyte differentiation, adipolysis and leptin assay. Differentiated adipocytes were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using Oil Red O stain. Adipolysis and leptin assay was done using adipolysis and leptin ELISA kits respectively. Fruit extract was found to be not toxic on cell line used. At 10, 45 and 60 µg/mL concentrations tested, the extract inhibit adipocytes differentiation significantly as compared to HCA salt. Leptin released was also decreased at increasing concentration used. Meanwhile, the same concentrations tested was found to be promoting adipocyte breakdown as measured by glycerol concentration. Based on our present findings, the G. atroviridis fruit can be proposed as one of weight management agents due to its lipid modulation properties.


: In recent times there has been an increasing need to improve apple production competitiveness. The automatic estimation of the crop yield or the automatic collection may contribute to this improvement. This article proposes a simple and efficient approach to automatically detect the apples present on a given set of images. We tested the proposed algorithm on several images taken on many different apple crops under natural lighting conditions. The proposed method has two main steps. First we implement a classification step in which each pixel is classified as part of an apple (positive pixel) or as part of the background (negative pixel). Then, a second step explore the morphology of the set of positive pixels, to detect the most likely configuration of circular structures. We compare the performance of methods such as: Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbor and a basic Decision Tree on the classification step. A database with 266 high resolution images was created and made publicly available. This database was manually labeled and we provide for each image, a label (positive or negative) for each pixel, plus the location of the center of each apple.


Ribosome sonification contains total steps of DNA, m-RNA, t-RNA and amino acids consequences that convert the bio-macromolecules data derived from biology systems into acousmatic music are a novel approach in a symphony orchestras. NMR data of the 13C are particularly well suited data sources for DNA, mRNA and amino acids sonification. One of the important directions in ribosome sonification is time-series-sonification data (TSSD), due to auditory imagination is very sensitive to changes in time. Although, their resonant frequencies are basically in the MHz range, the resonant frequencies span around kHz. The ribosome of E. coli is consisting of several genes which one of them might be divided into 8 series of codons and anti-codons for eight octaves of notes. During NMR calculation with AB-initio methods, these signals are routinely mixed down into the audible frequencies ranges, rendering the need for any additional frequencies transpositions unnecessary. The concert pitches vary from ensemble to ensemble and have varied largely over music methods. The most general advance tuning standard corresponds to 440 Hz for An above middle C as a sequence note. This concept is also applied for distinguishing among the "nominal" (written), and "real" (sounding) notes of a transposing instrument that refers to the sounding pitch on a non-transposing instrument. By this study, E .coli's gene sequences into musical notes for a revealing auditory algorithm has been converted. Estimations of their calculation and optimization of those codons have been done and the total frequencies of each nucleotide have been converted to several music notes and distinguishing those using variations of chemical shifts including pitch, time duration length of notes and even rhythm have been accomplished.


We use an ultrafast varifocal lens to achieve quasi-simultaneous multi-focal laser marking and scribing of transparent materials. Multiple lines located at different depths in the substrate are produced with a single laser pass.


I do not deny that under the positive law of the UN Charter a resolution of the Security Council may have binding force, irrespective of the question whether it is consonant with international law derived from other sources. There is certainly nothing to oblige the Security Council, acting within its terms of reference, to carry out a full evaluation of the possibly relevant rules and circumstances before proceeding to the decisions it deems necessary. The Council appears, in fact, to have been acting within its competence when it discerned a threat against international peace and security in Libya's refusal to deliver up the two Libyan accused. Since, as I understand the matter, a decision of the Security Council, properly taken in the exercise of its competence, cannot be summarily reopened, and since it is apparent that resolution 748 embodies such a decision, the Court has at present no choice but to acknowledge the pre-eminence of that resolution.


Zeckendorf proved that every positive integer N can be written uniquely as the sum of non-adjacent Fibonacci numbers. This property can be used to create a two-player Zeckendorf game. A recent paper proved that player 2 has the winning strategy for all N>2. However, the proof was non-constructive. In fact, the paper only provided computer code of the winning strategy of player 2 by brute force. In this paper, we present an algorithm to efficiently solve the Zeckendorf game. Specifically, we convert the game to a directed graph, prove that the graph has no cycles and only one terminal node, and construct an iterative algorithm to find all the winning strategies of player 2. We provide an example to show that the proposed algorithm works much more efficiently than a brute force approach.


The gauge invariance of the rotational strength is examined. It is shown that the invariance of the rotational strength derived in the quantized field formalism follows only when all terms (to order e2) are retained in the T-matrix from which the rotational strength is derived. The gauge invariance of the semiclassical theory of natural circular dichroism is discussed. The origin invariance of the Schrodinger equation is considered and the difficulties associated with making truncated expansions of the retardation factors for the rotational strength are outlined.


To characterize the repertoire of T lymphocytes in chronically hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected patients with and without mixed cryoglobulinaemia (MC). T cell receptor (TCR) variable (V) β clonalities in portal tracts isolated from liver biopsy sections with a laser capture microdissection technique in 30 HCV‐positive MC patients were studied by size spectratyping. Complementarity‐determining region 3 (CDR3) profiles of liver‐infiltrating lymphocytes (LIL) were also compared with those circulating in the blood. The representative results of TCR Vβ by CDR3 were also obtained from liver tissues and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 21 chronically HCV‐infected patients without MC. LIL were highly restricted, with evidence of TCR Vβ clonotypic expansions in 23 of 30 (77%) and in 15 of 21 (71%) MC and non‐MC patients, respectively. The blood compartment contained TCR Vβ expanded clones in 19 (63%) MC and 12 (57%) non‐MC patients. The occurrence of LIL clonalities was detected irrespective of the degree of liver damage or circulating viral load, whereas it correlated positively with higher levels of intrahepatic HCV RNA. These results support the notion that TCR Vβ repertoire is clonally expanded in HCV‐related MC with features comparable to those found in chronically HCV‐infected patients without MC.


Thanks to the rapid development of spatial technology, people can now easily access global geographic information. Geography education in schools faces the need to integrate spatial technology with fieldwork. The purpose of this research is to combine geospatial information and fieldtrips to promote elementary-school students' learning in the national geography curriculum. During a GIS camp, students were taught to use Google Earth, Google Maps and desktop GIS. They were then guided to do fieldwork and mapping of their local area so that they would know how to geotag interesting local spots by themselves. Observation and questionnaires were used to understand the students' learning progress. Sketch-map analysis was adopted to evaluate the development of their map skills and geography capability. The results indicated that students' map skills and geography knowledge increased. Students actively participated in the activities and showed a positive attitude towards learning using Google Maps and Google Earth rather than GIS software.


This paper presents an interference analysis for a Radio Frequency (RF) Multiple-Access communication system. A fast frequency hopping system with soft-limiting, dual-k convolutional encoding and M-ary frequency-shift-keying modulation is analyzed. The acquisition and interference model including false alarm probability, probability of acquisition, optimum integration period, threshold setting, bit error rate (BER) performance, number of users, etc., is derived and an example of a system under consideration for the Space Station is given.


Loss mechanisms in fiber-to-fiber coupling and factors contributing to each and present experimental results on repeatability of insertion loss measurement using an automated fusion splicer are discussed. The effects of fiber tip preparation on coupling efficiency are evaluated. Controlling loss mechanisms unrelated to tip preparation consequently comes down to using matched fibers, maintaining cleanliness, avoiding damage to the fiber end faces during handling, preventing stress during mounting of the fibers, and precisely controlling alignment and fiber-to-fiber contact. This study presents an experimental setup that provides precise alignment of the fibers and control over the gap between the fibers while measuring transmitted power and visualizing the fibers through a video camera.


Medical software systems in Romania lack the data interchange capability. By combining the force of knowledge in the computer science, information science and healthcare, this article provides a viable runtime solution for the electronic data management of the Romanian General Clinical Observation File in an efficient manner according with openEHR specifications. GCOF is composed of varied medical and demographical data and its content is regulating by the Ministry of Public Health.


Aiming at problematic fact of the traditional teaching evaluation and imperfection of evaluating indicator system, this research designed and testified the validity of a developing teaching evaluation model based on Fuzzy and Comprehensive Evaluation. By domestic and international relevant research of teaching evaluation, the paper outlined the connotation, the essential features, the significance, the bases and the principle of developable teaching evaluation. Based on the principles of system engineering, it first established a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, according to the model, through an argumentation performed by experts and with the use of Delphi method the authors have set up a multi hierarchy comprehensive evaluation index system for teachers and students, and calculated the index weight by analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, and the procedures and method for model comprehensive evaluation were also determined. In addition, it converted the initial evaluation composite index into a defined interval by the stand map method.


Expressive Description Logics (DLs) have been advocated as formalisms for modeling the domain of interest in various application areas, including the Semantic Web, data and information integration, peer-to-peer data management, and ontology-based data access. An important requirement there is the ability to answer complex queries beyond instance retrieval, taking into account constraints expressed in a knowledge base. We consider this task for positive 2-way regular path queries (P2RPQs) over knowledge bases in the expressive DL ZIQ. P2RPQs are more general than conjunctive queries, union of conjunctive queries, and regular path queries from the literature. They allow regular expressions over roles and data joins that require inverse paths. The DLZIQ extends the core DLALC with qualified number restrictions, inverse roles, safe Boolean role expressions, regular expressions over roles, and concepts of the form ∃P.Self in the style of the DL SRIQ. Using techniques based on two-way tree-automata, we first provide as a stepping stone an elegant characterization of TBox and ABox satisfiability testing which gives us a tight ET bound for this problem. We then establish a double exponential upper bound for answering P2RPQs overZIQ knowledge bases; this bound is tight. Our result significantly pushes the frontier of 2ET decidability of query answering in expressive DLs, both with respect to the query language and the considered DL. Furthermore, by reducing the well known DL SRIQ to ZIQ (with an exponential blowup in the size of the knowledge base), we also provide a tight 2ET upper bound for knowledge base satisfiability in SRIQ and establish the decidability of query answering for this significant fragment of the new OWL 2 standard. 1KRDB Research Centre, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy. E-mail: email@example.com 2Institute of Information Systems, Vienna University of Technology, Austria. E-mail: email@example.com 3Institute of Information Systems, Vienna University of Technology, Austria. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Acknowledgements: We are very grateful to Oliver Carton, Orna Kupferman, and Moshe Vardi for their kind and valuable advise on automata-theoretic questions. We owe particular thanks to Yoad Lustig and Nir Piterman for providing a proof sketch connected to Lemma 5.16. This work has been partially supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant P20840, the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) grant 187697, and the EU project OntoRule (IST-2009-231875). Some results of this paper have appeared, in preliminary form, in a conference paper in Proc. AAAI '07 [16]. Copyright c © 2010 by the authors INFSYS RR 1843-09-04 I


Various theories seeking to relate the velocity statistics of Lagrangian particles to the statistics of the Eulerian flow in which they are embedded are examined. Mean particle drift, mean-square particle velocity and the frequency spectrum of velocity are examined for stationary, homogeneous and joint-normally distributed Eulerian fields. Predictions based on a third-order weak-interaction expansion, the successive approximation procedure of Phythian (1975), the quasi-normal approximation of Saffman (1969), the parametrized model of Saffman (1962), and a new procedure based on a statistical estimator of the kinematic equation are compared with simulations of particle motion in one-dimensional flow. Only the statistical estimator produces both acceptable mean-drift and frequency-spectrum predictions.


In practical applications, autonomous quadrotors are still facing significant challenges, such as the detection and avoidance of very small and even dynamic obstacles (e.g., tree branches, power lines). In this paper, we propose a compact, integrated, and fully autonomous quadrotor system, which can fly safely in cluttered environments while avoiding dynamic small obstacles. Our quadrotor platform is equipped with a forward-looking three-dimensional (3D) light detection and ranging (lidar) sensor to perceive the environment and an onboard embedded computer to perform all the estimation, mapping, and planning tasks. Specifically, the computer estimates the current pose of the UAV, maintains a local map (time-accumulated point clouds KD-Trees), and computes a safe trajectory using kinodynamic A* search to the goal point. The whole perception and planning system can run onboard at 50Hz with careful optimization. Various indoor and outdoor experiments show that the system can avoid dynamic small obstacles (down to 20mm diameter bar) while flying at 2m/s in cluttered environments. Our codes and hardware design are open-sourced on Github.


The study focuses on the algorithms for the coherent demodulation of the two-level amplitude phase-shift keyed signals with an estimate of the received symbol amplitude carried out by its relative comparison with the preceding symbol amplitude. Determining calibrated values of the symbol amplitudes in order to compare them with the preset threshold values is considered unnecessary in this case. Phase demodulation is implemented based on the phase detector of the multi-level phase-shift keyed signals. Symbol amplitudes are determined by the quadrature channels responses. Both analog and digital demodulation algorithms are considered. Simulation of the demodulation algorithm is carried out.


Great Britain, due to geographical location and the need to maintain dominance on the seas, emphasized the actions of its Royal Navy during military conflicts. The realities of World War I forced Great Britain's military and political leadership to reconsider the country's traditional role in international military conflicts. A pressing issue facing the military and political elite was the development of military plans aimed at harnessing Great Britain's Naval Forces. Proposed drafts by British Admiralty representatives such as J. Fisher, W. Churchill, and J. Jellico often met with obstruction from the state's political leaders and the Army elite. On the eve of the war and during the hostilities, representatives of the elite proposed various plans for the use of the country's Royal Navy, the implementation of which led both to the fleet's structural changes and to the rotation of the military elite.


Information and communication technology (ICT), in competition with traditional applications, is providingnew ways to access media content. Similar to print media, ICT-based media has environmental ...


By 2050, 70% of the world population will live in urban areas. Which features should the 21st century cities have in order to guarantee a good quality of life for their inhabitants in terms of ma-terial and cultural prosperity, and social cohesion? The answer lies within the indicators used by the European commission in determining the ranking of Green cities: eco-friendly mobility, increase of green areas, reduction of soil consumption, and the involvement of citizens in the urban policymaking processes, just to name a few. This paper presents some notes on urban environmental and social sustainability, which is an open and controversial issue. In the first part, the focus is on three main reasons - territorial, social and political reasons - that should lead us to promote sustainable policies. In the second part, we will present the case study of the German city of Freiburg, widely recognized for its achievements in relation to the environmental sustainability policies adopted, but with some crucial aspects to be explored in terms of social sustainability and citizen participation.


Single point calculations of the ground state electronic structure of peroxynitrite anion have been performed at the optimized cis geometry using the restricted Hartree–Fock (RHF), Moller Plesset second order perturbation theory (MP2), generalized gradient approximation density functional theory (GGA DFT) in the B3LYP form and two quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods, variational Monte Carlo (VMC) and diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC). These calculations reveal differences in atomization energies estimated by B3LYP (287.03 kcal/mol), MP2 (290.84 kcal/mol), and DMC, 307.4(1.9) kcal/mol, as compared to experiment, 313(1) kcal/mol. The error associated with MP2 and B3LYP methods is attributed largely to differential recovery of correlation energies for neutral nitrogen and oxygen atoms relative to the oxygen and peroxynitrite anions. In addition, basis set studies were carried out to determine potential sources of error in MP2 and B3LYP valence energy values. Our studies indicate that MP2 and B3LYP valence energies a...


Knee joint the biggest and the most complicated joint. It is hurt more and easily in doing sports. The Anterior Cruciate Ligament is hurt more familiar and serious. We shoud learn the data of epidemiology of injury, functional anatomy、hurt of occurrence rate、diagnosis and treatmen、the function reconstruction of treatment and complication in order to learn the present study on ACL injury.


This paper demonstrates a fully integrated builtin self-test (BIST) ΔΣ analog-to-digital converter (ADC) based on the proposed in-phase and quadrature waves fitting (IQWF) procedure. The IQWF procedure enables accurately measuring the phases and amplitudes of test responses so as to enhance the test accuracy of the BIST circuitry. The all-digital BIST circuitry, with on-chip stimulus generator and response analyzer, conducts single-tone functional tests to test for the ADCs characterization results such as signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR), dynamic range (DR), frequency response, input-referred offset, and gain error. Since the IQWF procedure is performed successively in real time, the BIST circuitry does not need huge memory to store all the output samples like conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis does. The overall hardware overhead only consists of 16.6 k digital gates. The fully integrated BIST ΔΣ ADC has been fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS. Measurement results show that the BIST circuitry reports a peak SNDR of 88.0 dB and a DR of 92.6 dB while the corresponding FFT-based analog tests result in 88.8 and 94.1 dB, respectively. Particularly, the BIST circuitry achieves a test bandwidth as wide as the ADCs 20-kHz rated bandwidth, which is the widest to the best of our knowledge. The proposed BIST ADC can be tested without costly external test resources and is thus well suited for the applications in which conventional test resources are not available such as 3-D ICs.


As the extension of the May 4th Movement,the subject theme of the Debate between Science and Metaphysics was determined by the Debate between Science and Conscience.The Groups of Metaphysics tried to put knowledge under Science for retaining the goodness of Conscience by delimiting a boundary line.On the one hand,this strategy deviated from Confucianist tradition of union between knowledge and conscience,and knowledge was departed from Conscience;on the other hand,the Groups of Science attacked intuition and feeling with reason,attacked free will with the law of causality,and attacked the goodness of conscience with scientific knowledge.Thus,Conscience lost both the goodness and knowledge,and came to naught.How to rebuild new conscience in scientific times? This is a difficult question and involves important theoretical wealth which was handed down to Chinese philosophy by the Debate between Science and Conscience.


Two new studies show that ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis patients are substantially less likely to sustain remission after drug tapering or withdrawal.


Camphenylphosphonic acid RPO3H2, prepared by the literature reaction of PCl5 with camphene, has been characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compound crystallizes with a double chain structure formed by connected eight-membered hydrogen-bonded rings. Reaction of RPO3H2 with cis-[PtCl2(PPh3)2] and excess silver(I) oxide in refluxing dichloromethane gives the platinum(II) phosphonate complex [Pt{O3PR}(PPh3)2]. 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopic characterization of [Pt{O3PR}(PPh3)2] shows that the two PPh3 ligands are inequivalent due to asymmetry of the camphenyl group. An X-ray diffraction study on the platinum complex shows that the PC–H bond is directed toward the four-membered ring, resulting in the terpene group pointing away from the ring, in contrast to the previously reported structure of the saturated camphanylphosphonate complex. The differences are discussed in terms of steric interactions involving the phosphonate ligands.


Aims:  We bring to the attention of diagnostic pathologists a further cause of mimicry of chronic inflammatory bowel disease on mucosal biopsy, namely intramural and subserosal colorectal mass lesions.


With the development of securities market and competition, the risks of investment banking is increasing. How to control the risks effectively, which is a key issue to listed security company. For the risks that exist in the investment banking, this paper argues that security companies should continuously improve the corporate governance structure, internal control structure and risk control indicator system,optimize investment banking process, explore new risk management tools and technology, increase penalties on illegal behavior. Only in this way, can it control the investment banking risks effectively.


In this paper, we present a novel model-based event triggered adaptive neural network (NN) tracking control scheme for a class of strict-feedback discrete-time nonlinear systems. By using the event sampled NN to approximate the uncertainties of the system, an NN-based adaptive model is first constructed and then the controller is designed by means of backstepping. In this scheme, the feedback state signals and NN weights signals are updated in an aperiodic manner at the triggering instants which is depending on the adaptive event trigger condition. Specially, the adaptive event trigger condition consists of the NN estimated weights and some design parameters to determine the trigger instants. The Lyapunov method and the decoupled backstepping technique is used to verify the ultimate boundedness of the NN weight error and the system signals. Simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness of the control scheme.


In this paper we construct spherical thin–shell wormholes supported by a Chaplygin gas. For a rather general class of geometries we introduce a new approach for the stability analysis of static solutions under perturbations preserving the symmetry. We apply this to wormholes constructed from Schwarzschild, Schwarzschild–de Sitter, Schwarzschild–anti de Sitter and Reissner–Nordström metrics. In the last two cases, we find that there are values of the parameters for which stable static solutions exist. PACS number(s): 04.20.Gz, 04.40.Nr, 98.80.Jk


An improved synthesis of [1.1]ferrocenophane-1,12-dione (2) by oxidation of [1.1]ferrocenophane with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) is presented. The syn conformer of dione 2 is structurally characterized. The compound undergoes various addition reactions at the bridging carbonyl groups. Attempts to add 1,1'-dilithioferrocene result, however, in the diadduct 9, not in the symmetric trinuclear diol 8. Reaction of 2 with sodium cyclopentadienide in the presence of aluminium trichloride (AlCl 3 ) gives the respective difulvene 11 in excellent yield. The dynamic behavior of 11 is investigated by variable temperature 1 H NMR measurements (VT-NMR). The cyclovoltammogram of 11 indicates two reversible oxidation steps. Reduction of difulvene 11 with lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH 4 ) results in the formation of [1.1]ferrocenophane 12 with cyclopentadienyl anion substituents at either one of the two bridges. While attempts to generate a third ferrocene moiety by reaction with iron(II) choride (FeCl 2 ) have failed so far, the formation of 12 is established by protonolysis and methylation reactions.


Global challenges at the beginning of the 21st century, Paul Kennedy world society - structures and trends, Dirk Messner world economy - structures and trends, Heribert Dieter world ecology - structure and trends, Udo Ernst Simonis, Tanja Bruhl world politics - structures and trends, Dirk Messner and Franz Nuscheler global governance, development, and peace, Franz Nuscheler.


Using the photoelectron–energy-selected photoion coincidence technique, we find that photoions of BF3 with kinetic energy larger than 4 eV are predominantly F+ in the F 1s ionization region whereas B+ is more intense than F+ at the F 1s→2a2″ excitation. Two partial cross sections σ‖ and σ⊥ for A1′→E′ parallel and A1′→A2″ perpendicular transitions are obtained from the angular distribution measurement of energetic photoions and the symmetries of some F 1s core excited states are confirmed. The dissociation dynamics of the F 1s−12a2″ core excited state are discussed in detail.


A method of separating dental models into individual model stumps, wherein the dental tooth crown is fitted detachably on a model base and the separation takes place with a separating disc, wherein the dental model and the separating disc are moved relative to each other and the dental model is fixed for cutting on a model table, characterized in that on the model table with the hands of the operator's flexibility and fixed in the horizontal direction dental model along with the provided at one end of the model table, model support under referral to an imaginary circular arc line to the other, about a horizontal axis rotatably supported shouldered end of the one side retained here model table for execution of the separating cut is movable in the direction of the blade.


Description: The present study was carried out at Centre for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Aalborg University, Denmark, and Roessingh Research and Development (RRD), Enschede, the Netherlands in the period from 2009 to 2012. I am most grateful to all co-authors for their contributions and for a fruitful collaboration. Especially, I wish to express my gratitude to Professor Pascal Madeleine and Miriam VollenbroekHutten for their supervision and guidance to my projects. I would also like to thank all my colleagues at Centre for Sensory-Motor Interaction for providing a friendly, inspiring and competitive research environment. Further, I thank Dr. Heine Svarrer and Dr. Daan Wever for helping with inclusion of the specific patient groups in study III and IV. And a big thank you to all the participating volunteers, low-back pain patients and healthy subject, for showing patience and cooperating in the experiments of this PhD project. Finally, I would like to thank my lovely family who have supported me, encouraged me, and travelled with me to complete this project.


Nowadays, conceptual breakwater layout design mostly relies on experience and expert judgement, making it complicated to demonstrate that an economic optimum has been reached. This stresses the need to develop a tool that is able to establish the economically most attractive breakwater layout for a certain set of requirements and site-specific data. This study provides a proof of concept for a generative breakwater layout design tool, applicable to port projects all around the world. This is accomplished by investigating the most suitable optimisation method, by setting up a universally applicable methodology for the determination of the economic optimum and by establishing a robust and flexible model set-up. By validating it against a real case, the parametric model consistently comes up with breakwater layouts having cost estimates that are located within the desired accuracy range for the conceptual design phase. In addition, the parametric model is flexible, as it is able to efficiently deal with changes in design requirements and future port developments, therewith living up to modern design standards. In this way, client expectations are more likely to be met, leading to a spiral of increasing trust between the involved parties in an early design stage.


As a temporary means of water transportation, floating bridges play an important role in the military and other fields. However, traditional floating bridges have limitations such as large size, heavy weight, and slow construction time. In this paper, we propose a rigid-flexible composite folding floating bridge. The main structure of the floating bridge consists of three layers: the bridge deck, airbag, and water bag. The floating bridge units are connected by flexible connectors to allow for pre-connection and folding of the bridge, reducing storage and transportation space, and improving construction efficiency. The proposed floating bridge also has a complete engineering application design and has been checked for safety and reliability (including the strength, buoyancy, and bearing capacity of the connections). We used AQWA software to simulate and analyze the anchorage scheme of the floating bridge and its response to wave loads and conducted a ballast test on a floating bridge model to verify its feasibility as a main bearing body. The results show that the floating bridge we designed has the advantages of being lightweight, having fewer consumables, having a small storage and transportation space, and being able to be constructed quickly.


Abstract : The object of the program was to synthesize various compounds for use as additives in high temperature fluids such as fluorocarbons, polyphenyl ethers, and phosphonitriles. The work also encompassed the synthesis of previously synthesized fluids in which the new additives can be evaluated. Fluorinated, partially fluorinated, and nonfluorinated derivatives of aryl-phosphine and phosphine oxide compounds, alkarylphosphine and phosphine oxides, aryl phosphorus-nitrogen compounds, aryl phosphites, aryl and alkyl-arylamines were included within the scope of the work. As far as possible, the methods employed for synthesis of the compounds were adaptations or modifications of existing synthetic methods. (Author)


Cloud computing is an emerging computing technology that uses the remote servers to maintain data and application. A parallel job is run as multiple processes. A Significant level activity is submitted to the activity scheduler and after accommodation is partitioned into subordinate employments that run simultaneously. In existing framework the two level need based equal occupations increasingly number of employments won't to be handled and a few occupations are holding up in the line. So Execution time of the activity esteem is expanded and Wastage of memory. The long execution time of the activity will be holding up in the line. We propose another idea for need based burden adjusting of equal employments. The figuring limit of every hub into levels. The two levels will process from line. The primary virtual machine is frontal area and second one is back ground. The equivalent need will be allotted for the employments in closer view virtual machine and foundation virtual machine the idea of burden adjusting. The equal employments used to utilize the two level virtual machine and improve the responsiveness of the occupations.


The syndrome of primary aldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal glomerulosa cell hyperplasia suggests the presence of an unknown factor that stimulates aldosterone secretion. Furthermore, experimental data from several laboratories suggest the existence of an unidentified factor that is also involved in the regulation of aldosterone secretion. These data are particularly impressive in the sheep as detailed by Blair-West et al. (1). In sheep, continuous infusion of angiotensin II does not maintain elevated aldosterone levels and aldosterone secretion may be altered appropriately by sodium loading and depletion despite the continuous infusion. In anephric man, Mitra et al (2) and McCaa et al. (3, 4) demonstrated increases in plasma aldosterone levels in response to either postural changes or sodium depletion. These changes were not related to changes in serum electrolytes or ACTH. Another unexplained finding in man is the failure of chronic infusion of angiotensin II to increase plasma aldosterone to the same levels as a low-sodium diet of similar duration even though the plasma angiotensin II levels were higher during the infusion (5). These observations give further support for the concept that during sodium depletion there is another mechanism enhancing the response of the adrenal gland besides the renin-angiotensin system. In 1967, we first reported evidence for the presence of an additional pituitary factor playing a role in the control of aldosterone secretion (6). Figure 1 represents the data from some in vivo experiments. SpragueDawley rats were placed on a low-sodium diet for one week, then hypophysectomized and continued on the low-sodium diet for an additional week. The absence of the pituitary gland prevented the rise in aldosterone secretion seen following sodium depletion. Injections of saline extracts of rat pituitary glands maintained the response to the low-sodium diet at the levels observed in intact rats maintained on the sodium-deficient diet. These extracts had little or no ACTH activity


The present study aimed to investigate hydrogeochemistry and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes and to determine the contamination of estuary water of ship breaking activities in Sitakunda region, Chittagong, Bangladesh. The study was carried out by in-situ field measurement of physical parameters while chemical parameters were followed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) methods of laboratory analyses of 12 estuary water samples. The result shows that the P value was average 7.08 indicated neutral water while E, EC, TDS and TH value was average -24.65 mv, 8586.5 μS/cm, 5495.36 μS/cm and 432.41 mg/l respectively, indicated that the estuary water is not safe Original Research Article American Chemical Science Journal, 4(6): 934-951, 2014 935 and suitable for domestic and irrigation purposes. Inferential statistical results were depicted that a strong positive correlation (ρ) between the parameters such as EC, TDS, TH, Ca, Na, K, Cl, Br, SO4, PO4, NO3 while negative correlation (ρ) were existed between Mg and HCO3. According to most abundance of major cations were Na>Ca>Mg>K whereas major anions were Cl>SO4>HCO3>Br>NO3>PO4. The concentration of cations and anions in the study area exceeded drinking standards according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Directorate of Environment (DOE), Bangladesh. Irrigation quality index (SAR and PI) indicated that the quality of water is not suitable for irrigation. The origin of solutes in estuary water was influenced by chloride dissolution, although weathering of silicate and cation exchange also added to the water chemistry. This is not conclusive but it may be suggested that the sampled water is not ionically balanced and is highly contaminated due to ship breaking activities.


Under BRDF testing system conditions,ASD FieldSpec Pro FR spectroradiometer was used to collect the spectral reflectance of Acacia confusa,and UV2450 spectrophotometer was utilized to determine the chlorophyll content from observation foliage.Models for the estimation of chlorophyll content were built by fitting the chlorophyll content and the red edge position variables obtained from the spectral data by using different algorithms.The results show that the red edge position obtained from the different algorithms is feasible in the estimation of chlorophyll content,and the fifth-order polynomial fitting technique has achieved the highest accuracy among the different algorithms,followed by the accuracy through smooth process after the first derivative.


Abstract Background: Assessment of the severity of acute pancreatitis is important for its proper management. Contrast-enhanced CT has been accepted as useful to assess disease severity and determine its prognosis. The correct differentiation and identification of patients at risk are beneficial for the patient outcome. Objective: We assessed the prognostic value of contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) in acute pancreatitis and the additional value of necrosis in predicting complication and mortality. Methods: Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed CECT of 72 patients who were diagnosed with their first episode of acute pancreatitis and were admitted in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between January 1, 2005 and April 30, 2010. Determination of CECT grade, degree of necrosis and CT severity index were assessed. Data regarding the incidence of complications, the need for surgery or percutaneous intervention, and the number of deaths were collected. Correlation between severity of acute pancreatitis and the patient outcome was analyzed using a χ2 test or Student t test. Results: All complications (n = 14) and deaths (n = 5) occurred in patients with a severe CT grade; however, the differences compared with the mild grade did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.036 and p = 0.58, respectively). Necrosis was identified in 25 patients, all were in the severe grade (p = 0.001). Presence of necrosis in severe CT grade correlates well with occurrence of complications (p = 0.024, OR = 15.0) and mortality (p = 0.046, OR = 8.7). CTSI > 5 correlates well with occurrence of complication (p = 0.024, OR = 17.5) and mortality (p = 0.019, OR = 12.7). Conclusions: CECT is an effective tool for predicting complication and mortality of acute pancreatitis. Glandular necrosis, which was seen only in patients with a severe CT grade added value in predicting outcomes. Therefore, these results suggest that the use of iodinated contrast material is essential in acute pancreatitis, which is useful for risk stratification, particularly in severe CT disease.


The rapid development of information technology makes enterprises pose the high demands for data integration which is the incarnation of consciousness of which enterprises develop from domestic to abroad.The article focuses on integration of data source and discusses the methods and technology reason of data integration.


Appl ication requirements exist and are growi ng in developi ng countri es for tel ecommuni cati ons services that can b e supplied best by use of satellite technology. Many of these r equirements can be satisfied w ith one or two telephone circuits per earth station location. In many areas of the world, the o nly satellite capacity available to support these thin-route s ervice requirements is in the INTELSAT system. Small earth s tations, suited economically and sized to provide the r equired thin-route s ervice capacity, have not been common in the INTELSAT system. However, INTELSAT is recognizing the need for thin-route services and the o pportunities that will develop for p roviding these services u sing small earth stations in the INTELSAT system. This paper explores the potential advantages of continuously-var iable-slope delta modulation (CVSD) voice encoding a nd the technical parameters of small earth stations suited for thinroute services as well as the developments within INTELSAT for responding to these service needs. Thin-Route Service Requirements and Opportunities The Pacific Basin has some 800 islands that are geographically dispersed o ver a vast area. Many of t hese islands rely primarily on high frequency (HF) radio for communications. INTELSAT Standard A or


Author(s): Byrnes-Finger, Iris | Abstract: Project Objectives: The module serves to educate medical students and interns in completing an appropriate adolescent history and physical, and addresses many common topics practitioners will face with adolescent patients. It allows the students to work through case specific scenarios, as well as, review a typical adolescent visit filled with day-to-day clinical pearls and general practice guidelines. One module covers general health maintenance, differentiating normal vs. abnormal growth and development with emphasis on menstruation, as well as, routine screening to utilize and apply during an adolescent visit. The other module focuses on clinical descriptions and discussion of management for common adolescent issues including STIs, contraception, substance use, eating disorders, acne and obesity. The modules were created to give UCSD medical students and interns a platform of knowledge and an abundance of resources to efficiently and effectively provide care for their adolescent patients.External links to the two modules contained in the study project:Module #1: The Healthy Adolescent (https://360.articulate.com/review/content/cf9bddf9-30af-45c2-9aa3-b6e7b9b8eaf4/review )Module #2: Common Adolescent Issues (https://360.articulate.com/review/content/7673338c-c557-4754-b336-aa662147ffe0/review)


MEDICINE traditionally tries to prevent a disease even before it knows how to cure it completely. In psychiatry, a growing interest in prevention stimulates the search for the means of identifying those persons most likely to develop mental ill health so that preventive efforts can be applied most efficiently. Psychiatric attention is gradually being focused on certain hazardous situations (1) which seem to increase the risk of emotional disturbances. At the Harvard School of Public Health the factors of behavior linked with successful response to crises are being investigated. Caplan (2) has defined a "crisis" as a temporary disequilibrium in an individual facing a difficult and important problem, transitional phase, or accident for which he has no ready solution. This disequilibrium is severe enough to last several days and is followed by a resolution representing a level of mental health which is higher, the same, or lower than the initial level. During the disequilibrium, when the subject is searching for a way to resolve the crisis, he is considered more prone to accept help, and a smaller amount of professional assistance at that time has a greater beneficial effect than when he is not in crisis.


References In the large pool of HLA Ab identified in LTR post transplant, the detection of MSCDSA is most likely caused by allo-transfusions rather than related to MSC infusion. The comparison of these results with the histological and clinical impact in LTR has still to be analyzed in this study. Further studies are required to confirm that MSC are "immune privileged". In the MSC-treated group, 2 patients (P3 and P8) were sensitized pre-transplant with presence MSCDSA. At month-1 after the transplant, 6 more LTR (P1, P2, P4, P7, P9, P10) showed MSCDSA appearance (against 1 to 2 HLA maximum). Three had still MSCDSA at month-6 (P1, P7, P9). Among the 6 LTR who developed de novo MSCDSA, 5 had received multiple red blood cells (RBC) allo-transfusion (P1, P4, P7, P8, P9, P10) and 1 received 1 pool of platelet (P2) before or in the month following transplantation. Those six patients also showed multiple HLA Ab ("others" in the chart) against 5 to 32 different HLA antigens. Seven LTR developed de novo liverDSA in this group. Two LTR didn't develop any MSCDSA (P5 and P6) throughout the follow-up. P6 didn't receive any RBC allo-transfusion. In the control group, we observed that 2 LTR were sensitized pretransplant with presence multiple HLA Ab. Six LTR developed de novo multiple HLA Ab after the transplant with 3 of them developing de novo liverDSA. • Analyze the appearance of HLA Ab in the follow-up of 10 LTR who received a single administration of third-party MSC compared with a control group of 10 LTR


Decision Support Systems (DSS) developed by managers (DSS-M) is an important part of organizational computing. Most of these DSS are developed using evolutionary approaches stressing continuous development of decision tasks. Evolutionary approaches can have drawbacks, for example, the exploitation of old tasks instead of exploration of new possibilities. In an organization (ALFA) experiencing problems with DSS-M an intervention, using two alternative approaches, was done. Based on the ALFA case, as well as other studies of DSS-M, we present alternative discourses and views related to what DSS-M are supporting.