The eco audit directive of the Europen Union (EEC 1836/93) requires that a company applying for certification should lay open its environmental policy, install enviromental management, and conduct an internal environmental analysis. It can be demonstrated that the investments required to eliminate weak points is often recovered within a few years owing to savings relating to energy and fresh an waste water. The same can be expected for other sectors of industry. A prerequisite is a holistic approach and integration of the measures adopted into the production line. Selective separation processes play a special role in practical application of the information acquired.


The application of anthropomorphic features to robots is generally considered beneficial for human-robot interaction (HRI). Although previous research has mainly focused on social robots, the phenomenon gains increasing attention in industrial human-Robot interaction as well. In this study, the impact of anthropomorphic design of a collaborative industrial robot on the dynamics of trust and visual attention allocation was examined. Participants interacted with a robot, which was either anthropomorphically or non-anthropomorphically designed. Unexpectedly, attribute-based trust measures revealed no beneficial effect of anthropomorphism but even a negative impact on the perceived reliability of the robot. Trust behavior was not significantly affected by an anthropomorphic robot design during faultless interactions, but showed a relatively steeper decrease after participants experienced a failure of the robot. With regard to attention allocation, the study clearly reveals a distracting effect of anthropomorphic robot design. The results emphasize that anthropomorphism might not be an appropriate feature in industrial HRI as it not only failed to reveal positive effects on trust, but distracted participants from relevant task areas which might be a significant drawback with regard to occupational safety in HRI.


A THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS IS PRESENTED OF WHAT HAPPENS WHEN SOIL MOISTURE IS EXTRACTED FROM A PRESSURE -MEMBRANE APPARATUS. THE PRESSURE-MEMBRANE APPARATUS DEVELOPED BY RICHARDS USES A CELLOPHANE MEMBRANE TO SEPARATE THE MOISTURE. THE MECHANISM IS MATHEMATICALLY DEVELOPED BY WHICH SOIL MOISTURE IS EXTRACTED THROUGH THE CELLOPHANE MEMBRANE. THE EFFECTS OF AIR HUMIDITY AND ROOM TEMPERATURE OUTSIDE THE APPARATUS ON SOIL MOISTURE IN EQUILIBRIUM WITH VARIOUS PRESSURES INSIDE THE APPARATUS WERE PROVED EXPERIMENTALLY TO BE OF LITTLE IMPORTANCE.


In this study, various types of industry corrosion addition practices are investigated with regard to the ultimate strength performance of bulk carriers. Five types of corrosion additions, namely previously applied structural design rule, CSR (common structural rule), harmonised CSR, time-dependent corrosion wastage model, and new suggestion of corrosion addition by Union of Greece Shipowners, are considered. In the previous study, investigation on the ultimate strength performance of oil tankers associated with corrosion additions has been performed. In the similar way, four types of bulk carrier structures, namely 37 K (Handysize), 57 K (Supramax), 82 K (Kamsarmax), and 181 K (Capesize), are studied. The ultimate strength performance of hull girders and stiffened panels is examined through various corrosion additions used in industrial practices. The obtained results would be useful in understanding the corrosion addition effects in terms of ultimate strength of bulk carriers.


the means by which confidence in the implementation of an agreement is engendered or enhanced. Verification achieves this by detecting violations, deterring would-be violators, and providing a mechanism for parties to demonstrate their compliance. In view of the widespread awareness of the difficulty of verifying a ban on anti-personnel landmines, it may come as a surprise to see how rudimentary the verification arrangements for the Ottawa Convention are. This paper will examine what these verification arrangements are, how they were negotiated, how verifiable they have made the treaty and what might be the prognosis for the future.


Graphene, an atomically thin sheet consisting of only one layer of carbon atoms, attracts intensive research interest since its recent discovery [1], not only due to the simple fabrication process and its unique electronic properties, but also because of the ultimate mechanical strength as well [2], especially for nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) applications. Here we report the preparation of ultra-clean graphene mechanical resonators for high-speed electrical readout, also in the pursuit to understand some intrinsic properties of this exotic material.


Indeed each M has the stated property. If M is an F-normal subgroup of C{X, G) with the stated property, then there is p £ II, " Z{f), and M is a normal subgroup of C{X, G) contained in M . Let 77: CÍX, G) —► C{X, G)/M be the natural map, and let 0 = <p • 77: CÍX, G) —* G. Then 6 is a homomorphism with ker 9 = M, and 9ÍM ) is a normal subgroup of G. Since (X, G) is an 5-pair, 6{M ) 4 G. Hence 6{M ) = e since G is simple, and we have M = M . P


This review examined whether the physical environment can change the cognitive function of the elderly and categorized the specific environmental types. Four databases, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO, were searched for relevant literature published as of December 2020. The framework used was proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, which includes a 5-stage review process. A total of 12 studies were examined. The physical environments with similar characteristics, among all the environmental elements, were grouped together into 4 categories: residential density and road connectivity, limited living space, urban/rural, and care facilities. Residential density and road connectivity, limited living space, and care facilities were found to have a significant effect on the cognitive function of the elderly. However, there was no significant effect on the cognitive function of the elderly when comparing the urban and rural environments. Although studies on environments that affect the cognitive function of the elderly are still ongoing, the ones analyzing specific environments in detail are insufficient. With the increasing importance of the role played by the environment in the cognitive impairment of the elderly, detailed studies on specific environments among the various environmental factors surrounding the elderly, such as this study, should be conducted more actively.


Epoxy resin was infiltrated into the porous of foam aluminum by melt infiltration.The damping property of foam aluminum-epoxy resin composite was studied by experimental method.The damping property of the composite was significantly better than that of the pure aluminum foam's,after compared with the damping property of pure foam aluminum.The change of damping property of foam aluminum composite which change with pore structure parameters of foam aluminum(pore size and relative density) and the excitation frequency can be obtained by experiment.


We study the heavy path decomposition of conditional Galton-Watson trees. In a standard Galton-Watson tree conditional on its size $n$, we order all children by their subtree sizes, from large (heavy) to small. A node is marked if it is among the $k$ heaviest nodes among its siblings. Unmarked nodes and their subtrees are removed, leaving only a tree of marked nodes, which we call the $k$-heavy tree. We study various properties of these trees, including their size and the maximal distance from any original node to the $k$-heavy tree. In particular, under some moment condition, the $2$-heavy tree is with high probability larger than $cn$ for some constant $c > 0$, and the maximal distance from the $k$-heavy tree is $O(n^{1/(k+1)})$ in probability. As a consequence, for uniformly random Apollonian networks of size $n$, the expected size of the longest simple path is $\Omega(n)$.


A probe for transmitting data between the brain and a data processing device. This probe has a carrier with electrodes attached thereto, and these electrodes can detect neuronal activity and / or transmit stimuli by electromagnetic interaction with brain neurons. Can be connected. In order to be able to insert the carrier inside the brain groove, the shape of this carrier can be adapted to the inner surface of the brain. [Selection] Figure 1b


According to distortion characteristic of corrugated core,corrugated board equivalent model of core level flexible rigidity is proposed.The corrugated board is equivalent to an orthotropic lamina by means of multi-step homogenization method.At the same time,the equivalent calculation is obtained.The equivalent elasticity constants of corrugated sandwich structure are researched by means of the mixed law,as a result,the error is smaller and this equivalent method is reasonable.


This article seeks to respond to some of the challenges of systematization, indexing and dissemination of  various academic documents in the field of social thought in Brazil by the BVPS – Biblioteca Virtual do  Pensamento Social (Virtual Library of Social Thought). We argue that the importance of the discussion on  digital preservation for the BVPS fulfils two objectives: that of making digitized documents available to a  wider audience and that of mapping contemporary production in that field in order to create an intellectual  memory. In this article, we will focus mainly on the second objective, in order to define as well as make   available to the library public the selection and organization criteria of the collection. Within the limits of  the proposed clipping, we will present here a preliminary analysis of the production of articles in the field  of social thought in Brazil through networks of bibliographic coupling, co-quotation and semantic maps.  The current research is fundamental for the defiition of the next steps to expand the content of the library,  notably the defiition of new search options the integration of new authors in the section Interpreters and  the indexing of works containing important themes and approaches for the area of social thought in Brazil.


We have now become so familiar with the successful treat ment of acute rheumatism, by means of salicylic acid and sali cylates, that it may seem somewhat superfluous for me to ad dress you on the subject. But cases have come under my observation in which objections have been taken to the use of these remedies, on the ground either that they disagreed with the patient, producing nausea, vomiting, etc., or that notwith standing fairly large doses of the drug, the pains have not been relieved, the temperature has not been reduced, or, most serious of all, cardiac or other complications have arisen dur ing the time the patient was taking the remedy, and when, ap parently, he was under its influence. Now, it is in preventing the development of these complications that, when properly administered, the remedy so strikingly shows its power, truly acting as a distinct specific. In my Croonian Lectures, in 1886, I spoke, apropos of rheu matism, as follows: "Here is a disorder which, under different treatment, may exist for weeks, stationary, so to speak, in its intensity, the great heat, and nervous and vascular excitement, and pain and swelling exactly of the same amountto-day as they were weeks ago; a disorder which, less than fifty years ago, was said to be often such in itself, and such in its appalling incidents, as to need, from time to time, that medicine should put forth the full compass of all its powers. Every organ, or system of or gans, which either directly or indirectly can receive the impres sion of remedies, are from time to time called to bear all that they can possibly endure, and it is often only when the powers of medicine are pressed even to the verge of destroying life that life is sav^d. "And now, with or without the administration of a purga tive, as the occasion requires, the patient is placed fully under the influence of salicylic acid, and in from forty to sixty hours, not unfrequently in a shorter time, the pains in the joints have


The aim of this research study was to develop a scale for self-efficacy beliefs in planning and organizing educational trips to out of school environments. First of all, relevant literature on developing a scale was reviewed in this stage. Within this context, the researcher identified total 45 initial items. The draft scale consisting of total 39 items for pre-implementation stage was administered to 358 pre-service teachers in their fourth year in Giresun Education Faculty in 2013-2014 academic years. As a result of the analysis, total 9 items were excluded from the scale. Validity analysis of the scale was performed and it was found that the factor loadings of the 30 items before being exposed to rotation were between 0.46 and 0.71. It was also detected that the scale's item-total correlation coefficients changed between 0.58 and 0.76. Moreover, total explained variance of the scale was determined to be 50.97 %. As a result of the reliability analysis, the scale's Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient was calculated to be 0.93, Guttmann Split-Half value was calculated as 0.89 and Spearman Brown reliability coefficient was computed to be 0.89.


How the tax system might affect the individual's educational level is well studied. But the question of how the tax system affects the individual's choice of educational type is mostly ignored. This is an important issue, since the educational choice of today's young generation determines the skill composition of tomorrow's labor force and hence the future production possibilities of the country. This paper studies the problem in a partial model. A progressive tax system might in fact introduce distortions in the individuals's educational choice and induce him to choose more of the educational type with the higher consumption value. If he also puts more weight on the present than on the future, this effect is strengthened further.


Preliminary design of interplanetary missions is a highly complex process. The mission designer must choose discrete parameters such as the number of flybys, the bodies at which those flybys are performed, and in some cases the final destination. In addition, a time-history of control variables must be chosen that defines the trajectory. There are often many thousands, if not millions, of possible trajectories to be evaluated. This can be a very expensive process in terms of the number of human analyst hours required. An automated approach is therefore very desirable. This work presents such an approach by posing the mission design problem as a hybrid optimal control problem. The method is demonstrated on notional high-thrust chemical and low-thrust electric propulsion missions. In the low-thrust case, the hybrid optimal control problem is augmented to include systems design optimization.


Neurocytoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pineal tumours. Total surgical resection is essential, through different approaches: transcortical-transventricular, transcallosal and transcerebellar. Brain port surgery is a surgical approach that combines endoscopic resection via stereotactic guide in intraventricular mass. This procedure is a minimally invasive technique and it is able to achieve tumour resection with minimal nervous tissue damage. We report a case with a pineal neurocytoma, a 29 years old female patient with symptoms of intracranial hypertension secondary to obstructive hydrocephalus. Total removal was done with brain port surgery without complications. Tumoral markers (AFP, CEA, HCG-s) performed previously to surgery were negative. MIB-1 index was less than 4% and patient's follow-up during one year after surgery didn't show recurrence. Brain port surgery is considered as a safe technique to approach pineal region tumours.


Our work investigates the effect on the zero-spatial-frequency DQE of indirect mammographic image receptors of the combined effects of x-ray beam hardening and light photon transport within the x-ray sensitive medium of the image receptor. Beam hardening, in this context, refers to the preferential absorption of low-energy x-ray photons at the surface of the detector on which the x-ray beam is incident, with deeper layers of the detector absorbing higher and higher average energies. The light photon transport properties of both powder and crystalline/columnar phosphors favor the collection at the light-sensitive element of the detector of light photons generated closest to that element. The net result of these two effects is to perform a weighting of the detected x-ray spectrum. For the standard back-screen configuration used in conventional mammography, low-energy x rays are more heavily weighted, matching the energy dependence of the signal to be detected. For a front-screen configuration, used in all existing indirect-detection digital mammographic systems, just the opposite is true. We have used the optical Monte Carlo simulation code DETECT-II to determine average light collection efficiency and optical pulse distributions for a Min-R screen in both front- and back-screen configurations, and for two thicknesses of CsI, as a function of x-ray energy. These data, along with appropriately hardened x-ray spectra for several anode and filter combinations and a range of tube voltages, were used as input to the task-dependent DQE theory of Tapiovaara and Wagner.


The intelligent composite with self-diagnose and self-healing function has become a hot research field on advanced materials.This paper introduced the conception,theory and model of intelligent material with self-repair function in carbon and ceramic,polymer,metal matrix composites fields.It is pointed out that embedded technology is of potential for self-healing composites.


Fatigue crack growth is usually studied using C(T) or M(T) specimens with through-thickness cracks. The objective of the present study is to propose a cylindrical specimen with central crack, produced by additive manufacturing. This geometry allows to have pure plane strain state along the whole crack front, avoiding the complexities associated with corner points, crack shape, and variation of crack closure along crack front. Additionally, this geometry may be used to develop studies in vacuum, avoiding expensive vacuum equipment, since the air is not in contact with the crack front. Cylindrical specimens of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy were produced by Selective Laser Melting and tested at a stress ratio R = 0. Marking with overloads was the solution adopted to measure the length of the internal cracks. The fracture surfaces presented circular crack fronts and the da/dN-ΔK curves showed a great influence of atmosphere on fatigue crack growth. An average difference of 50% was found between the results in air and vacuum. Therefore, this geometry with internal crack is an interesting alternative to through-thickness geometries.


Phytochemical analysis of plant extracts is an increasingly important field of analytical chemistry, and for several reasons. In the case of medicinal plants usually traded in a dried and crumbled form, phytochemical analysis serves the purpose of authentication of herbal material and protects patients against adulteration. In botanical sciences, phytochemical analysis is employed for the development of plant systematics known as chemotaxonomy. Due to an unknown composition of plant extracts and an inherent difficulty in selecting proper phytochemical standards, a phytochemical approach has been developed known as fingerprinting. This approach circumvents tedious identification of individual constituents of plant extracts and instead, focuses on a comparison of the whole chromatograms in order to trace similarities and dissimilarities among the plants. In this study, we present the results of a comparison of six plant species belonging to three genera of the Lamiaceae family (i.e., Salvia, Thymus, and Dracocephalum). This comparison was purposely carried out for the Lamiaceae plants, as many of them have been recognized for their curative properties by traditional medicines in many regions of the world (and in the first instance, in the Mediterranean zone). As phenolic acids and flavonoids play crucial role in many curative processes, in our study we employed TLC and HPLC to fingerprint the selectively extracted six phenolics fractions for the six plants belonging to the three aforementioned genera. The obtained results point out to the flavonoid aglycons (FA) fraction which most distinctly discriminates among the individual plant species, while the remaining five fractions are the carriers of less vital information. Finally, an assumption was made that the chromatograms derived by means of TLC and HPLC for the fraction of flavonoid aglycons can be considered as marker fingerprints, able to distinguish among closely related plants belonging to different genera of the Lamiaceae family.


As Europe's first fully integrated public and university library, The Hive is a truly inclusive building serving a broad range of audiences and offering unique opportunities for university and community engagement.

This session will focus on two wellbeing initiatives delivered at The Hive this year: a year-round Study Happy programme, aimed at university and local GCSE, sixth form and further education students, and a one-off series of mental health events delivered by the University's staff mental health network for a public and university audience.

It will explore the design, delivery and impact of Study Happy, an initiative originally inspired by other successful university library campaigns, which has developed to reflect our inclusive model and is now delivered in collaboration with local schools and colleges as well as University of Worcester staff and students. It will also address a series of University-led community events, focusing on menstrual and menopausal health, male body image, and eating disorders, delivered with Time To Talk funding as part of Mental Health Awareness Week.

In this session we aim to share our experience of supporting wellbeing in a library setting with practical advice about planning, promoting and evaluating one-off and longer-term wellbeing initiatives and an insight into what has, and hasn't, worked for our service.


Integral imaging is a promising technique for both 3-D scene capturing and reconstruction. Recently, computational simulation has been used to generate the free view of reconstructed scenes without optical devices, which can easily overcome image quality degradation due to the physical limitations of optical devices. In the reconstruction process of integral imaging, current researches focus on the pinhole array model which regards lenslet array as pinhole array for simplicity. But in fact, the optical characteristics of the lenslet such as the focal length, the aperture size of the lenslet, and so on, have significant impact on the reconstructed 3-D scene. In this paper, we proposed a lenslet array model in computational integral imaging. The elemental images were picked up by using a well developed computer graphics programming library OpenGL. And then 3-D scene was reconstructed by an ideal diffraction-limited integral imaging model which taken into account of the effect of the focal length and the aperture size. We presented some simulations and evaluated the image quality by the peak-to-peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Experimental results show that the proposed lenslet array model increase the depth of field.


The present paper deals with the recent development of subttera-nean pests in China. Their composition and their distribution of species are pro-posed. A survey on the soil insects revealed that there are 324 species belongingto 38 families and 8 orders.6 groups are classified based on systematic status and biological aspects. Thegroups include grubs or scarabs, wireworms, mole crickets, cutworms,muscidiformlarvaes and others. Recent progress on controlling each group is summarized indetail.On the integrated pest management (IPM), chemical control has been appliedsince 1950s', but the varieties of chemicals have been changed, and the methodsof application have been improved in order to reduce the pollution to the enviro-nment. Biological control is also being considered as effect measurement.


A silicon nitride material based photonic crystal platform is proposed for realizing a refractive index sensor in visible wavelength region. Proposed design is analyzed using 3D FDTD simulations and showed a sensitivity of 130nm/RIU.


Objective To comprehensive analyze the clinical value and limits of the current conventional application of various imaging tests in the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.Methods Eighty cases of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease were selected,all cases received the tests of lateral position chest CR,color doppler echocardiography,coronary angiography with x-ray(CAG),more than16-slice spiral CT coronary angiography(CTA) and cardiac MRI.Results Chest examination is easy,but not qualitative,and there is no clear clinical significance.Color doppler stress echocardiography can be repeated and so widely used in clinical diagnosis of heart disease by virtue of its non-invasive,simple,intuitive,but lack of direct irrefutable signs on the diagnosis of coronary heart disease,and only through the observation of left ventricular segmental wall motion abnormality speculated the condition of coronary artery stenosis;as a clinical screening method for coronary heart disease may be preferred.X-ray coronary angiography(CAG) is the gold standard for diagnosis of coronary artery disease by visual imaging of coronary artery stenosis of the location,extent,and scope,but it is expensive,invasive,has a certain degree of risk.Multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT) is a non-invasive technique,it can accurately judge the anomalous origin of the coronary and stroke,and provides the theoretical basis of the surgical treatment for further catheter coronary angiography.It is also limited in assessing the coronary artery with severe calcification is or isn't confined,coronary stent restenosis.MRI heart check is non-invasive,non-ionizing radiation,high image resolution and repeatability,can directly show that the morphology of coronary artery,cardiac morphology,systolic function and myocardial viability,have now become a " gold standard " for non-invasive asse-ssment of cardiac structure and function.But MRI technology scanning needs a longer time,hold breath more than once,is unfit for the patients with pacemakers and severe misalignment.Conclusions Through an integrated analysis of commonly used clinical value of imaging examination in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and limited,we can estimate which imaging examination may be made according to the actual situation of patients.The purpose is help doctor to select an appropriate method on diagnosis of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.


Author(s): Maple, Terry L.; Segura, Valerie D. | Abstract: The animal welfare movement was empowered by decades of animal studies focused on the ontogeny of psychopathology in non-human primates and other species. When H.F. Harlow induced aberrant behaviors in rhesus macaques, collaborators began the search for effective behavioral and psychopharmacological interventions. Years later, working with human subjects in his clinical practice, Harlow's first graduate student, A.H. Maslow developed a "Hierarchy of Needs" and the hypothetical construct of self-actualization. Following Harlow's practice of using human models to design monkey studies, present day psychologists apply what is known about maladaptive behavior and the factors that facilitate positive human behavior to improve the quality of life for non-human taxa living in captive settings. We know how to prevent psychopathology in monkeys and apes but nonhuman primates are still confined in restricted, substandard facilities that introduce trauma and suffering. Felids, ursids, elephants and cetaceans have also suffered this fate. As a result, there is good reason for clinical and comparative psychologists to collaborate to ameliorate aberrant behaviors while creating conditions that enable all captive animals to thrive.


This paper studies a new kind of dynamic pricing mechanisms on the internetgroupbuying auction. With the IPV model, this paper analyzes the seller's profit when the economies of scale are considered, based on which we compare groupbuying auction and the fixedpricing mechanism. With numerical studies, we conclude the conditions in which groupbuying auction will outmatch the fixedpricing mechanism.


In cloud computing, measurable services such as packet loss and memory are quantized into different levels to provide different level of services to users. Initially, there will be a service level agreement (SLA) between users and service providers (SPs) and/or SPs and infrastructure providers (IPs). However, the most crucial service required by the users and SPs in cloud computing is security and privacy. Security parameters can be used to prevent attacks and to protect data and systems. In literature, there is no comprehensive solution which quantify all the security parameters associated with the cloud computing paradigm. In this paper, for the first time, we attempt to generalize and quantify the security parameters.


This paper reports experimental and numerical works devoted to the role of aluminum combustion on the stability of solid rocket motors. An experimental setup, known as the velocity-coupled T-burner...


The invention discloses a ferrous-enriched sea cucumber and a culture method thereof. In the body wall of the ferrous-enriched sea cucumber, the ferric content is 0.01-0.05mg/g (dry weight). In the culture method, the sea cucumber the weight of which is 60-200g is cultured in seawater containing 1-4mg/L of ferrum (Fe) for 1-15 days, wherein, water is changed once every morning and night respectively. The culture method has the advantage of low cost, and is simple in operation and is easy to popularize. By adopting the method, the ferric content (the dry weight of 0.01-0.05mg/g) in the sea cucumber is increased so that the sea cucumber can serve as nutritious food as well as a natural biological raw material for supplementing Fe for a human body so as to effectively prevent and treat Fe-deficiency diseases; and meanwhile compared with the prior art, the sea cucumber cultured by the method is characterized in that the activity of nonspecific immunological factors in the sea cucumber is improved, thus enhancing the disease resistance of the sea cucumber, and being more favorable for healthy growth of the sea cucumber.


Employing standard tree regression analysis (for trees) and harvest method,the biomass of tropical secondary forest dominated by Mallotus paniculatus in Xishuangbanna was studied. Total biomass of a 10-year-old community was 57.819 t·hm -2,with the biomass of tree,shrub,inter-layer and herb layers 51.019 t·hm -2 (88.24% of community biomass),5.644 t·hm -2 (9.76%),1.013 t·hm -2 (1.75%) and 0.143 t·hm -2 (0 25%),respectively. From the 5-year-old to 10-year-old plant community,biomass of tree,shrub and inter-layer layers increased by 105.04%,122.73% and 93.32%,respectively,while that of the herb layer decreased by 83.53%. The biomass was mainly concentrated in a few dominant species in the tree layer. Biomass of Mallotus paniculatus,Litsea sp. and Ficus sp. reached 26.170 t·hm -2,accounting for 51.29% of tree layer biomass. The smaller DBH classes mainly contributed to the biomass of tree layer,and organs in the tree layer ranked in order of stembranchrootleaf.


The phenolic compounds of the ethyl acetate extractable fraction of bilberry juice–Vaccinium myrfillus—were separated and collected by semi-preparative HPLC. Three flavonoids [quercetin-3-rhamnoside (quercitrin), quercetin-3-galactoside (hypersoide), quercetin-3-gluco-side (isoquercitrin)], six phenolic acids [caffeic, chlorogenic, paracoumaric, ferulic, syringic, hydroxybenzoic derivative] previously reported, and other phenolic acids [gallic, protocatechic, p-hydroxy-benzoic, m-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, m-coumaric, o-coumaric] were detected by analytical RP-HPLC, TLC procedures, acid and alkaline hydrolyses and spectral characteristics examination. Some of these compounds have not yet been reported for bilbenies. The absence of flavan-3-ols and their weakly condensed derivatives, which have already been identified in this fruit, would be attributed to the maturity stages of bilberries and to the strong reactivity of monomeric and dimeric flavan-3-ols.


Many researchers and developers have high constraints on existing pervasive computing systems that result in hazardous confidentiality and security defiance. A new scientific knowledge and paradigm has been proposed called Opportunistic Networks (OppNets) for empowering incorporation of the varied dissemination, reckoning, distinguish, repository, additional amenity and expedient characteristics in the existing systems. It is an instance of Delay Torrent/Tolerant Networks (DTN) and an extension of Mobile Adhoc Networks (Manet). We outline an OppNets as a type of dispute network wherein intermittent connection, no acquaintance of network topology, dynamic route construction, high variable link performance, store – carry – forward fashion for message transmission, mobile nodes. Therefore, routing implementation is disparate from that in Manet and DTN. In this paper we discussed the several challenges in OppNets along with the implementation and comparison of existing routing protocols on the basis of innumerable performance metrics.


Inter-vehicle communication (IVC) network has become an important topic in research for its potential advantages in enhancing traffic security and efficiency. This paper investigates the communication performance of IVC networks in two lane bidirectional traffic streams. By changing the transmission range of communication units and penetration rate of equipped vehicles, we studied several performance measures, such as average throughput, end to end delay and number of hops. The simulations were conducted in network simulator 2 (ns-2) with Monte Carlo method and the equipped vehicles were generated randomly according to the penetration rate. From the simulation results we found that the bidirectional traffic streams indeed affect each other's communication performance. In addition, the average throughput and end to end delay can be improved by increasing the transmission range and penetration rate. The study could help to fix some network parameters such as transmission range to advance the communication performance of IVC networks.


Zinc hybrid porphyrin dimer(ZnTTP-C2-H2PFPP, ZnTTP-C2-H2TTP, ZnPFPP-C2-H2PFPP, and ZnPFPP-C2-H2TTP) and manganese (III) halogenated porphyrin dimers (MnPFPP-C2-MnPFPP, MnPFPP-C2-MnDCPP, and MnDCPP-C2-MnDCPP) covalently bridged by an ethylene moiety ( ) were synthesized and characterized by UV-vis spectra, fluorescence spectra, and cyclic voltammograms. These porphyrin dimers could be embedded into the lipid bilayers of a liposomal membrane. The redox potential of the manganese complex for the halogenated porphyrin dimers increased with increasing of halogen portions on the porphyrin rings. An efficient energy transfer of the excited singlet state in the covalently-linked zinc hybrid dimers from zinc porphyrin to a free base porphyrin was observed, depending on the porphyrin structure. Furthermore, the manganese halogenated porphyrin dimers acted as catalysts of transmembrane electron transfer; such activity depends on the steric effect of halogen portions on the porphyrin ring.


Purpose. To compare the treatments, clinical and laboratory findings of one dog affected with Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration (SARD). Method and Results. Animal studied: a six-year-old spayed female Brittany Spaniel with clinical signs of PU/PD, PP, obesity, confusion, lethargy, hirsutism, excessive defecation, drooling, and panting in the 16 months surrounding SARD-onset. Diagnostics revealed T4 below normal (Antech Diagnostics). ACTH stimulation test with adrenal sex-hormone panel (University of Tennessee CVM) indicated elevations in two of eight adrenal sexhormone levels. Part I. The general practice veterinarian prescribed melatonin 3mg PO BID. ACTH stimulation test with adrenal sex-hormone panel was repeated after four weeks. Results indicated increases in all adrenal sex-hormone levels with four values above normal limits. The client reported no improvement in clinical signs. Part II. Melatonin was discontinued and replaced with low-dose prednisone 3.33mg PO SID and levothyroxine 0.4mg PO BID. ACTH stimulation test with adrenal sexhormone panel was repeated after 10 weeks. Results indicated all adrenal sex-hormone levels within normal limits. The client reported decreased PU/PD, improved energy and mood. Conclusion. In this case, elevated sex-hormone production was exacerbated with melatonin treatment and mitigated with cortisol/thyroid replacement therapy. This pattern is suggestive of adrenal exhaustion — pathological steroidogenesis in which elevated adrenal sex-hormones result from inadequate cortisol production. Plain English translation


The automobile suspension systems currently in use can be classified as passive, semi-active and active. The passive suspension systems are the most commonly used due to their low price and high reliability. However, this system cannot assure the desired performance from a modern suspension system. An important improvement of suspension performance is achieved by the active systems. Nevertheless, they are only used in a very reduced number of automobile models because they are expensive and complex. Another disadvantage of active systems is relatively high energy consumption. The use of electromagnetic linear actuators is an alternative for the implementation of active automobile suspensions systems. Moreover, this solution has the advantage of the suspension energy recovery. The authors' workgroup have proposed an electromagnetic actuator that is already implemented in a workbench. The prototype can be improved in order to obtain higher power with less volume, with the development of new materials. In this paper it is analysed a pseudo-levitating suspension system. Simulation and experimental results are also presented.


The azimuthal currents in the divergent magnetic nozzle of the electrodeless plasma thrusters are investigated using a two-dimensional axisymmetric particle-in-cell code. In this paper, the azimuthal currents are decomposed into four components—the diamagnetic drift current, the E × B drift current, the viscous-stress-induced current and the inertia-induced current. The azimuthal current and its four components are analyzed under three magnetization levels of 0.25 T, 0.75 T and 2.15 T. In the absence of inlet ion temperature, the azimuthal currents mainly consist of electron currents resulted from ∇p e, E × B drift and electron viscosity, while the azimuthal currents caused by the inertia can generally be neglected. The azimuthal ion currents considered negligible in previous studies are shown to be non-negligible in the highly-magnetized and collisionless magnetic nozzle, where the dominant mechanism for its formation is E × B drift and drift from the centrifugal force. In the upstream and midstream, the compositions and distributions of the azimuthal currents can vary at different radial positions and magnetization conditions because of the influence of the electric potential barrier and the high density conic. In the downstream, a vast range of paramagnetic currents are produced by the E × B drift due to ion inward detachment. And the paramagnetic stress-induced current begins to prevail due to the FELR effect. Superimposed with the paramagnetic part of the diamagnetic drift current under a high magnetic field, they can undermine the thrust gain coefficient of the magnetic nozzle.


Interfacial structures of ferromagnetic (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AF) (Fe/NiO) and AF/FM (NiO/Fe) on n- and p-Si substrates have been realized by sequential deposition of FM and AF layers on the silicon substrates by electron beam evaporation technique. The structures have been characterized from x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), and M-H characteristics. It has been found that there is a strong interfacial intermixing to form the various oxide and silicide phases of Fe2O3, β-Fe2O3, β″-Fe2O3, NiSi, Ni3Si, and Fe5Si3. AFM micrographs show the granular morphology of the top layer of the structure, with a large grain size of ∼400 nm, however, the XRD data show the crystallite size of ∼20 to 70 nm. It seems that the crystallites are clustered to form larger grains. MFM features show a large domain size corresponding to AFM grain size for Fe/NiO/Si structure and very small domain of nanometer size for NiO/Fe/Si structure (having NiO as a top layer). M-H chara...


In automobile manufacturing, improving the quality and efficiency of resistance spot welding and avoiding the damage caused by excessive impact force are of significance. This paper proposes a low-impact contact evaluation method for the pneumatic servo welding gun and the concept of optimal cushioning distance. A segmented sliding-mode control method is used. By analyzing the electrode contact mechanism, the gradual progress of spot welding is controlled by the method proposed in this paper. The cushioning effects of PID control, sliding-mode variable structure control, and segmented sliding-mode variable structure control are compared by experiments. The results show that the contact force during the 0.05 s after the electrode contact is not more than 10% of the welding force using sliding-mode control, approximately 0.2 kN, which satisfies the proposed low-impact contact requirements.


Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried out on CuAlS2 heteroepitaxial layers grown by low‐pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The epilayers exhibited an intense near‐band‐edge PL peak at 3.525 eV (77 K) in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength region together with PL bands at 2.76 and 2.1 eV. This near‐band‐edge PL peak showed the following properties: (i) the PL was strongly polarized parallel to the c axis, (ii) the peak energy varied from 3.497 to 3.525 eV at 77 K with increasing epilayer thickness from 0.49 to 0.67 μm, and (iii) the emission was observed up to room temperature. This UV‐PL was tentatively assigned to an exciton‐related emission, energy shifted due to the residual lattice strain.


In this paper, we present several construction methods for low-correlation zone (LCZ) sequence sets. First, we propose a design scheme for binary LCZ sequence sets with parameters (2n+1-2,M,L,2). In this scheme, we can freely set the LCZ length L and the resulting LCZ sequence sets have the size M, which is almost optimal with respect to Tang, Fan, and Matsufuji bound. Second, given a q-ary LCZ sequence set with parameters (N,M,L,epsi) and even q, we construct another q-ary LCZ sequence set with parameters (2N,2M,L,2epsi) or (2N,2M,L-1,2epsi). Especially, the new set with parameters (2N,2M,L,2) can be optimal in terms of the set size if a q-ary optimal LCZ sequence set with parameters (N,M,L,1) is used


Ten single-spore cultures of benomyl-resistant Venturia inaequalis were isolated from apple scab lesions at two sites in Israel. According to the ability of the isolates to germinate and grow at varying benomyl concentrations, three levels of resistance were determined in vitro: two moderately resistant (MR) isolates were resistant to 5 μg/ml but sensitive to 50 μg/ml benomyl; five highly resistant (HR) isolates, grew and sporulated at 50 μg/ml more slowly than at 5 μg/ml; and three isolates with very high resistance (VHR) grew and sporulated as freely at 50 μg/ml as at 5 μg/ml. Crosses between resistant isolates and sensitive wild types, as well as between different resistant isolates, showed that the various levels of benomyl resistance are conferred by three allelic mutations that constitute a polymorphic series in a single Mendelian gene. In these isolates benomyl resistance is not affected by modifying genes or cytoplasmic components.


The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and the diagnostic value of conventional Doppler parameters of transmitral inflows and Doppler tissue echocardiography parameters of septal annulus motion for the assessment of diastolic dysfunction in dogs with cardiac failure. The LV diasto lic mitral flow patterns were divided into normal diastolic flow pattern (group 1), delayed relaxation pattern (group 2), pseudonormal flow pattern (group 3), and restrictive pattern (group 4). In our study population, 17 patients had normal mitral inflow variables (E/A ratio > 1 and Dt 8 cm/s, E'/A' > 1). In conclusion, the combination of Doppler tissue echocardiography of the mitral septal annulus and mitral inflow patterns by conventional Doppler indices provides better estimates of diastolic dysfunction in dogs.


The paper deals with a combined case of hairy cell leukemia and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with IgMκ paraprotein secretion. The use of anti-CD antibody microarray enabled the simultaneous assessment of immunophenotype as well as morphological and cytochemical analysis. Small populations of hairy (3 % of total lymphocyte count) and plasma (2 %) cells including Mott cells (0.2 %) were found in the peripheral blood of a patient with leukopenia. The results obtained by the anti-CD antibody microarray method speeded up provisional diagnosis which was later confi rmed by standard diagnostic methods.


The given publication is devoted a problem of a current state of national mythological stories about a bear, occurring among the Russian old residents living in territory of Irkutsk, Chita areas, Krasnoyarsk region, Republics of Buryatiya, Sakha (Yakutia). Materials of given article can be used as bases for reconstruction of a slavic bear cult.


This paper discusses different ways of tiling a plane without defects by using two decorating elements. Four classes of structure with different tiling rules and different relative concentrations of the two elements are compared: Penrose tiling, microcrystalline twins, a random structure and a precipitated structure. The four structures have similar diffraction patterns exhibiting tenfold symmetry, but they differ in many essential details. The similarities and differences are discussed with special emphasis on the possibility of distinguishing between the four types of structure.


The study was carried out in 1994, some 12 years after the Chinese National Epidemiological Study of Mental Disorder of 1982. It was carried out in only one of the 12 areas of the 1982 survey, and was limited to subjects in a rural area with schizophrenic syndromes. The same methods were used for


Abstract In this paper we prove a conjecture of Zeeman [1] about the monotonicity of the rotation number of a family of diffeomorphisms ϕ of the first quadrant Q of R 2 .


The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a very sensitive instrument to examine the topography of surfaces and their properties. The sensitivity of the AFM depends on the choice of the detector system, which is used to observe the cantilever deflection. A cantilever with integrated Wheatstone piezoresistive bridge as a deflection sensor was used in experiments. We describe noise properties of the piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge cantilever and show examples of topography measurements in contact and noncontact mode.


In this innovative experiment, MDA-MB-231 cells were irradiated with a 266-nm laser for 5s, and then injected into NOD/SCID mice. The survival rate of the experimental mice was significantly reduced compared to that of the control mice (p=0.029), which also indicated the vitality of the experimental cells in vivo. The enhancement effect of a 266-nm laser on cells in xenotransplantation after 5 s of exposure was studied for the first time in this study. The findings of this study provide potential for future live cell therapies.


While there is a strong logic favouring co-operation, it faces a central problem: the "free rider" or "cheat." Collectives find ways of promoting norms of solidarity and seek regulation to prevent free riding. Around two-fifths of Australian employees covered by collective agreements are free-riding non-members. Evidence suggests that the recent growth of free riding reflects institutional changes and not the decline of co-operative values and the ascendancy of individualism. The Canadian solution to the cheating problem, which is the Rand formula, inspired Australian unions to introduce (excessive) "agency fees" into collective agreements. These were eventually stopped by the state. Alternative models include "social obligation fees"—provisions for employees covered by the agreement to make a contribution to a voluntary organization of their choice.


The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) occurs most often in young women with an existing incidence of high risk HPV viral types known as oncogenic, tan those with low risk types. In this observational study, comparative knowledge, attitudes and practices about HPV and acceptance of its vaccine within in school in a rural and urban area of the municipality of Guadalupe, Zacatecas were analyzed. The study population contained 86 students corresponding to primary school grades 5 and 6 primary and a parent or guardian for each student. The data analysis established that knowledge is deficient. Practice, attitudes and knowledge of parents and girls are determined by the rural or urban context in which they live.


According to the statistical results of questionnaires issued, this research, standing up for positive psychology (PP), analyzed the relationship between second language motivational self system (L2MSS), foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language learning boredom (FLLB) of Chinese English language students in the post- pandemic era in an e-learning environment. The results show that: (1) Chinese English majors maintain a medium to high level of L2MSS and FLE in their online classes, and a medium level of foreign language learning boredom; (2) FLE has a negative correlation with FLLB; (3) FLE produces a positive predictive trend for ideal L2MSS and learning experience. However, FLLB does not produce a significant predictive trend for either of these categories. The study integrates multiple theories in second language acquisition (SLA), which not only corroborates the applicability of the undoing hypothesis in the online classroom, but also provides a scientific basis for improving language learning outcomes for English majors in China at a theoretical level.


Video is expected to become one of the most important applications in future wireless networks including wireless ad hoc networks. However, without the support of a preinstalled infrastructure, video transmission over mobile ad hoc networks is associated with more complicated challenges. In this paper, we tackle this problem by proposing a novel framework for multipoint-to-point video transmission, which is designed to accommodate the characteristics of ad hoc networks. This framework consists of three stages: source searching, routing discovery, and video streaming. Simulation study is carried out using NS-2 to demonstrate the performance of the proposed mechanism. We show that the proposed mechanism outperforms the conventional point-to-point transmission, especially under conditions of high mobility.


How might design principles and practices adapt their approaches to create innovation and attend to the diversity that characterize the contemporary world? This reflection leverages the involvement of a plurality of peoples each inhabiting different geographies, including voices from the fringes, outside the mainstream, to pick up on new trends, practices, and future references of globalization. The relationship between Design and Innovation represents the field of research of the Latin Network for the Development of Design Processes, founded in 2008 and now operating through the Advanced Design Unit of the Università di Bologna. It operates as an intercultural zone of encounter and discussion, as a seedbed for creativity and ideas. The paper intends to investigate the roots, processes and cultural flows that characterize design innovation, considering Advanced Design as the framework within which innovation is contextualized, activating research on the geographies of innovation promoted by/with/for the design cultures, considering their changes and mutations: a collective creativity may recover in design its capacity to operate in a more political way, a praxis that works responsibly to facilitate the process and platforms for collaboration at different scales, local, global but always oriented to include and enhance our social capability to aspire, our responsibility to be critical and constructive.


A CW Raman fiber laser (RFL) operating below 1 μm with direct pumping by a high-power multimode laser diode at 938 nm has been demonstrated for the first time. The laser cavity is formed by a normally cleaved fiber end and a highly reflective fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscribed at the opposite end of a 4.5 km long multimode graded-index fiber. Low-index transverse modes are generated at the first Stokes wavelength of ∼980 nm with an output power of ∼3 W, while the second Stokes wave at 1025 nm also starts to be generated, thus limiting the 980 nm output.


In this paper, we have illustrated the design of the computation of implementation which is principally based on finding correct values of the convergence of the update weights based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) training algorithm that performs the application of Blind Signal Separation (BSS). We targeted simple computation of implementation, which yields to less complex architecture of the digital of implementation. Over the adjustment of the update weight with the mutual information approach, we reduced the high computation needed for the calculation of ICA training algorithm. The simulation results, obtained from a case study of FPGA implementation, demonstrated the correctness of the adjustment of the update weight with high performance of hardware implementation for BSS algorithm.


With the emergence of high lumen output white lighting LEDs, visible light communication has become an intriguing technology to realize low cost data transmission in conjunction with lighting. In this paper, we discuss some key issues in practical line-of-sight (LOS) visible light communication system design. They include a transmitter, channel model, and receiver front-end. A transmitter containing white LED arrays should be designed to achieve required lighting distribution and reliable data transmission at the same time. A basic LOS channel model to characterize the path loss and received optical power is also needed for optimization of the receiver under major noise sources. Finally we show a practical indoor LOS visible light communication system to demonstrate some of our analyses.


The effect of "two-route chemotherapy (TRC)" using a combination of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) and its antidote, sodium thiosulfate (STS) on rat limb tumor was studied. TRC in which 20 mg/kg of DDP and two doses of 1,054 mg/kg of STS (100-fold molar ratio to DDP) were given via the femoral artery and the femoral vein, respectively, provided significantly better antitumor effects evaluated by tumor weight than did intra-arterial or intra-venous DDP (5 mg/kg) without STS. Side effects were evaluated by the BUN levels and by changes in body weight after the treatments. In the group of TRC, increase in BUN levels was protected completely and body weight loss was slight.


How can a teacher prepare for a bible class? How can she/he lead and evaluate a class which is reliable and effective in theological aspects as well as educational perspective? In dealing with these questions, a number of religious educators in Germany have developed a model of "elementarization" since the 1980s. This model, as I argue in this paper, will provide the foundational contents in the world of the Bible and theology. Furthermore, in this model attention is directed to student's everyday life experience and how they perceive and understand the Bible. With the double devotion to the "content" on the one hand and the "person" on the other hand "elementarization" aims to catalyze and cultivate living encounters between students and biblical messages. It offers an open situation in which students as the subjects of the learning process communicate with the Bible. In the history of the Religious Education in Germany there has been certain misunderstanding of "elementarization". It was often falsely supposed that for less intellectual students, the theological and biblical contents should be simplified. Against this narrow and false understanding K.E. Nipkow and F. Schweitzer suppose five dimensions of elementarization: The instructional content, for example biblical texts (elementary structures), the experiences which make up the experiential background of the texts; the experiences which represent pupil's everyday and vivid life-experiences (elementary experiences), the understanding in developmental and biographical terms (elementary accesses), the truth claims from the religious traditions and on the part of pupils (elementary truths), and the elementary methods which may support meaningful religious learning. In the context of Korean Christina Education the "bibliodrama" reveals itself as a effective learning process in which both "the person" of pupils and "the content" of the Bible communicate dramatically with each other. The five dimensions of "elementarization" can support the praxis of the "bibliodrama" and vice versa, so that didactical theories and experimental practices stay in complementary cooperation.


This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between filter cake (FC), and phosphorus fertilizers with differing solubility on the growth and P nutrition of sugarcane. Effects of soil amendment with FC on different soil P fractions and influence on microbial community structure in the rhizosphere were also assessed. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted with completely randomized block designs. The first experiment evaluated rates of FC using a factorial design (5 × 2): 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 g FC kg−1 soil applied as either broadcast in bulk soil or in the planting furrow. The second experiment used a factorial design (2 × 3): without and with FC (5 g kg−1 soil, dry basis), both without P (NP) and with P supplied as either triple superphosphate (TSP) or as rock phosphate (RP), both at the rate of 78.4 mg kg−1 based on total P. Microbial community structure was determined using TRFLP and dynamics of soil P by Hedley fractionation. Filter cake applied at increasing rates in the absence of P was effective in increasing shoot growth and P uptake by plant, particularly when applied to bulk soil as compared to furrow application. Also, FC improved P uptake and increased the availability of labile inorganic P in the rhizosphere and modified the structure of fungal and bacterial communities, whereas only bacterial and archaea communities were influenced by P fertilizer use. Filter cake was more effective when combined with RP, with increased growth and P utilization and thus can be considered as a feasible and practical option for farmer use in substitution to TSP, a more expensive source.


Pulsating auroras (PsAs) are thought to be generated by precipitating electrons scattered by lower-band chorus (LBC) waves near the magnetic equator through cyclotron resonance. Previous studies showed one-to-one correlation between LBC wave intensity observed by satellites near the magnetic equator and PsA intensity obtained by ground-based all-sky imager [e.g., Nishimura et al., Science, 2010, Nishimura et al., JGR, 2011]. In addition, electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves can also interact with magnetospheric electrons and scatter their pitch angle theoretically [e.g., Lyons, JGR, 1974]. However, characteristics of aurora caused by ECH are not understood. In our study, we report for the first time in the world that not only LBC but also ECH wave intensity has correlation with the PsA intensity using coordinated Arase and ground-based imager observations. The first campaign observations between the Arase satellite and ground-based optical imager were conducted in March 2017. A typical substorm occurred on 27 March 2017 and the ionospheric footprint of Arase traversed the field relatively low which cause emission at These To verify whether ECH waves indeed scatter the pitch angle of electrons, we compared ECH wave intensity with electron flux in the loss cone obtained with low-energy particle experiments-electron analyzer onboard Arase. We also give results of other coordinated observation events.


This portfolio encompasses an introduction to the three research projects carried out over the course of my training and outlines the ways in which they are all interconnected. The research projects explore mental health difficulties in the Haredi (Ultra-Orthodox Jewish) community from three different perspectives: the literature, key informants from the Haredi community and individual lived experiences of Haredi Jews with mental health difficulties. The second project draws on thematic analysis to ascertain how mental health difficulties are represented and responded to within the Haredi community. The third project draws on interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the unique lived experiences of Haredi Jews who have experienced mental health difficulties within the context of their communities.


Julius Caesar's Speech at Vesontio in Dio's Roman historywas usually analysed from a legal perspective and under the rigor of the Quellenforschung. These approaches undervalued the Thucydidean reminiscences, which became mere rhetorical traits without special signification. In this paper is proposed a re-examination of the Thucydidean imitation, in order to interpret it in the literary processes of Imperial literature. This perspective undermines the negative interpretation of Caesar that recently was attributed to Cassius Dio, and the speech makes sense in the global design of the character in the Roman history


A new device in the optimization of queuing systems is introduced by using the method of phases. Non-exponential queues under control are considered with respect to the expected discounted reward criterion. For models with hyper-Erlang distributions equivalent phase-type systems are established. Approximation results for Markov decision models allow the extension to the case of general distribution functions. The approach is demonstrated by finding the form of an optimal policy for the GI/M/c queue with customer admission and batch arrival as well as for the GI/M/1 queue with interarrival time control.


This work presents an array of concentric ring-shaped piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) that is capable of generating acoustic intensities in excess of 330 mW/cm2 with a small 2.6 mm aperture for high intensity ultrasound applications, including catheter-based medical operations. The fabricated prototype exhibits a high output pressure of 2.8 kPa/V in standard transmission or 12.2 kPa/V with phased array focusing at 2 mm - marking the highest normalized pressure among reported PMUT arrays both with and without focusing, and the most effective acoustic focusing with a focal intensity gain of 19. The strong acoustic output is due to the high fill-factor of concentric rings compared to standard arrays of circular PMUTs, along with the improved focusing derived from the annular structure of the array.


Partially purified tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli B was incubated either in the presence of [14C]tyrosine and ATP or [14C]tyrosyl-tRNA and AMP, or [3H]tyrosinyl-AMP, a structural analogue of tyrosyl-AMP. After filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column, [14C]tyrosyl-AMP: Enzyme and [3H]tyrosinyl-AMP: Enzyme complexes were isolated. The [14C]tyrosine is transferred directly from [14C]tyrosyl-AMP: Enzyme to the tRNA; no such transfer was observed with the [3H]tyrosinyl-AMP:Enzyme. The stability of the tyrosyl-AMP:Enzyme complex was examined under different conditions: (a) its half-life at pH 7.0 is 150 minutes at 0°, 35 minutes at 20°, and 5 minutes at 37°; this instability is due to the non-enzymatic hydrolysis of the anhydride bond; (b) its stability is affected neither by the presence of homologous or heterologous tRNAs which do not accept tyrosine, nor by the presence of ATP and/or tyrosine; (c) when the preformed complex is incubated with tyrosinyl-AMP in conditions where this analogue inhibits completely tyrosyl-AMP: Enzyme formation from ATP and tyrosine, tyrosyl-AMP is not exchanged with tyrosinyl-AMP. The stability of tyrosinyl-AMP: Enzyme was also studied: after incubation for 30 minutes at 37°, or for several days at 4°, 90% of the [3H]tyrosinyl-AMP was found associated with the enzyme after gel filtration. The complex remains unaffected when incubated in the presence of inorganic pyrophosphate, ATP or tRNA, but in the presence of tyrosinyl-AMP, tyrosinol and ATP or tyrosine and ATP, only 20% of [3H]tyrosinyl-AMP remained bound to the enzyme.

These results show that tyrosyl-AMP does not dissociate from the enzyme while tyrosinyl-AMP does. It follows that, despite the great similarity of tyrosyl-AMP and tyrosinyl-AMP, the differences between the anhydride and the ester bond seem to influence decisively the stability of the complexes formed with the enzyme.


Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder and it imposes a big burden on health care systems. It is treated mainly with drugs but surgery may be used for severe cases. Sodium valproate is widely used as a major drug in the treatment of epilepsy, but the most serious adverse effect of chronic use is hepatotoxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Gum Arabic on sodium valproate-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat, by following liver function during treatment. Twenty eight healthy rats weighing 80 – 160 g were divided into four groups and received treatment for 45 days. Group (A) was given sodium valproate orally at dose of 2.2 mg/kg  body weight (B.wt) /rat/day. Group (B) was given sodium valproate 2.2 mg/kg body weight /rat/day and Gum Arabic 0.5 g/kg body weight (B.wt)/rat/day in drinking water simultaneously. Group (C) was given water and served as control for group (A). Group (D) received Gum Arabic at 0.5 mg/kg body weight (B.wt) /rat/day in drinking water. Alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, (ALP), total plasma proteins, albumin and total bilirubin were estimated with Roche Diagnostic/ Hitachi (902) system. The results showed that serum ALT and AST activities in group (A) receiving valproate increased significantly (P< 0.01) after 15 days, 30 days (P< 0.001) and 45 days (P< 0.0001). Treatment with Gum Arabic in combination with valproate (group B) resulted in a significant increases in the level of ALT and AST after 30 and 45 days compared to the control D (P<0.01). Although levels of ALT and AST increased, the values were significantly decreased compared to the corresponding estimates of group (A). A highly significant increase in the level of ALP was found in group (A) after 15, 30 and 45 days compared to the control. Although treatment with valproate in combination with Gum Arabic resulted in a significant rise in ALP level throughout the period of treatment; the rise was significantly lower than that recorded for group (A) at the respective times. Serum total protein concentration showed no significant difference between groups A, B, C, and D throughout treatment. However, a significant decrease in the level of albumin in group A was found after 30 and 45 days (P=0.01 and P= 0.001 respectively). Combination therapy restored the decrease that occurred


Junior dancers' functional body responses are to be adapted on dance trainings to competitive loads in sports dances. Thus it is especially acute to allocate intensity of physical load for dancers of single age groups while performing dance programs. The aim of the paper was to study the intensity of physical load for girls and boys of the junior group 1 while performing Latin American and Standard dances. Development of such qualities as explosive physical force, flexibility, agility, power endurance can decrease energy consumption of junior dancers while performing dance programs. Decrease of energy consumption while performing dances from the competitive program can render a positive effect on the quality of performance of dance technical elements and increase of sports result. The studies prove that sports dances performed within a competition render great physiological influence on the cardiovascular system of junior dancers. The mean cardiac rate in male and female dancers of the junior age group 1 exceeds the values of heart rate on the level of anaerobic threshold. The intensity of physical load for dancer of the junior age group 1 while performing standard and Latin American programs in competitive conditions was proved to exceed the limit of anaerobic threshold. Dances are performed in a mixed aerobic-anaerobic and sometimes anaerobic-glycolytic regime of physical activity.


Abstract Induced-air flotation makes use of the centrifugal force of a high-speed backspin impeller through which gas is introduced at the top and liquid at the bottom. The gas and liquid become fully intermingled and, after passing through a disperser outside the impeller, form a multitude of gas bubbles, thus completing the flotation separation process of a liquid-solid or liquid-liquid heterogeneous separation process of a liquid-solid or liquid-liquid heterogeneous system. The flotation machine used for treating oily sewage generally belongs to the four-cell series. Its good points are that the machine has a high removal efficiency for oil separation, shortens retention time, and has great treatment capacity. The device has been widely used in treating oily sewage in recent years (1, 2). In order to provide a basis for establishing a method of design computation and for screening appropriate chemicals, this study was initiated to gain an understanding of the variables controlling the induced-air flota...


Part 1 of the article presents the technological path of producing semi-finished products for wires constituting input material in additive technologies. On the basis of the developed chemical compositions of experimental Fe-based alloys, laboratory ingots with a square section of 120×120 mm / 130×130 mm were produced, which were then hot rolled into flat bars. In order to select the physical parameters of the drawing tests, numerical modelling of the process was performed. As a result of the simulations, it was found that the calculated drawing force exceeds the capabilities of the experimental drawing machine and for this reason, hydrostatic extrusion was used to produce bars intended for drawing wires. The hydrostatic extrusion method was used to make bars with a diameter of 5 mm from three tested materials, while three experimental steels showed insufficient susceptibility to extrusion at high pressure and cracked at various strain values. An analysis of possible causes of bar breakage during extrusion was carried out on the basis of the results of microstructure examination.


The Deutsche Telekom case is notable insofar as it finally brings legal certainty to a complex area of practice where law and economics collide, and which is a strategically important precedent for the European Commission given the liberalization of ex-utility sectors that will no doubt give rise to many more margin squeeze cases in practice. That legal certainty has been won, however, at the expense of some much-needed analytical sophistication being developed on how to deal with complex pricing policies in the wake of disruptive technological change. It is, in short, a very blunt legal precedent.


Sixty events of the rare electromagnetic decay ..omega --> pi../sup 0/..mu../sup +/..mu../sup -/ were recorded. The relative probability of this decay BR x (..omega --> pi../sup 0/..mu../sup +/..mu../sup -/) = (9.6 +- 2.3) x 10/sup -5/ is determined. The spectrum of the effective masses of muon pairs was measured and the electromagnetic transition form factor of the ..omega pi../sup 0/ vertex was determined F/sub ..omega../ (m/sup 2//sub mumu/;m/sup 2//sub pi0/) = (1-m/sup 2//sub mumu//..lambda../sup 2/)/sup -1/, where ..lambda.. = 0.65 +- 0.03 GeV/c/sup 2/. A comparison with the vector-dominance model is made.


ABSTRACT The behaviour of an electron-gun in which the ' Pierce electrodes ' meet the cathode at an angle differing from (90 + 67½)° is investigated. The beam edge no longer emerges normally from the cathode and the current density at the periphery of the cathode is found to depend critically on the electrode angle, in agreement with previous experimental results.


Apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction in one Moroccan and six Spanish populations, a total of 660 individuals. No significant differences were observed between samples, and the mean relative frequencies (with 95% confidence intervals) found were 0.104 (0.069–0.139) for the e4 allele, 0.855 (0.813–0.897) for e3 and 0.041 (0.015–0.067) for e2. Frequencies of the e4 allele were low in comparison to Northern European populations, but similar to those reported for other South‐European populations. The presence of a rare mutation, E2 Christchurch, in one Basque individual was confirmed by sequence analysis.


In the pediatric population, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating chronic pain syndrome that is classically treated with escalating polypharmacy and physical therapy. Failure of therapy is often encountered in both adult and pediatric patients with CRPS, after which invasive neuromodulatory therapy might be considered. Intrathecal drug delivery systems and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) have been reported in the literature as forms of neuromodulation effective in adult CRPS; however, SCS remains inadequately researched and underreported in the pediatric CRPS population. Owing to the differences in patient population characteristics and the specific vulnerability of adolescents to drugs that might be used to manage refractory cases, including but not limited to opioids, we believe that early effective pain management without the use of chronic pain medications is of paramount importance.


Cryptography used to send digital images to keep them safe from unauthorized parties who want to see or change the digital image. In cryptography, there is Hybrid Cryptosystem method, which is a method by combining the advantages in 2 types of cryptographic algorithms, symmetrical and asymmetrical. Hill Cipher 4x4, with a 4x4 square matrix, is used as a symmetrical algorithm, which has a relatively fast processing time. ElGamal Elliptic Curve is used as an asymmetric algorithm, where the key used for the encryption and decryption process is a different key, so no key distribution is needed. The Algorithms implemented in an Android-based system using the Java programming language. The conclusion obtained from system testing is that the elliptic curve parameter generation time process is directly proportional to the magnitude of the prime number, the time process of image encryption-decryption is directly proportional to the image pixel size, and the time process of key matrix encryption-decryption is directly proportional to the value of the private key.


Over the last decade an extraordinary amount of research work at all layers of the network stack has focused on wireless and mobile networks, e.g. wireless local area networks (WLAN), in parallel with their wide acceptance as access technologies. Simulation has been used massively to develop, test and compare new ideas and protocols tailored for such networks and ns-2 has been the most used network simulator for these studies. However, the support for wireless and mobile networking in ns-2 is monolithic and not entirely consistent with basic design principles so that it becomes now a burden for making the simulator evolve. It makes it tedious, if not impossible, to support new features such as multiple wireless interfaces. To overcome the current limitations, the MobileNode object itself is questioned and a new, more flexible and better integrated layout of existing components to support wireless and mobile networking using modules (MW-Node) is presented.


Bezier curve is an important one in CAGD.As an example to cubic trigonometric polynomial Bezier,the characters of trigonometric polynomial Bezier curve is analyzed,and deduced that cubic trigonometric polynomial Bezier curve is more smooth than cubic polynomial Bezier curve.Then the algorithm for cubic Trigonometric Bezier curve interpolation is deduced from continuous function f defined in area [a,b] with partitions ⊿:0 1n 1 na t t t? t b= = and their valuesf(ti)(i= 0,1,,n).Meanwhile the holistic error for the interpolation and the error in partition 1[i,i ]t t+ are analyzed.At last,the examples is given to verity the conclusions are correct.


This paper presents a novel approach to enhancing power-handling capability of metal-contact radio-frequency micro-electro-mechanical systems (RF MEMS) switches based on an Optimized Array Configured (OAC) contact dimples design. The simulation results reveal that this strategy can distribute the RF current more uniformly through each contact of the switch than traditional multiple parallel-configured contacts design, thus leading to a more effective reduction of current through each contact. Therefore, probability of micromelding and adhesion at metal contact point owing to localized high current induced Joule heating, which limits the power handling capability of the metal-contact RF MEMS switch, can be effectively reduced by the proposed approach. Comparing with previously fabricated switch, power-handling capability of the switch with OAC contact dimples can be dramatically improved over 390%.


The invention discloses an alarm information safety protection method of an all-digital automobile instrument. The alarm information safety protection method is characterized by including the following steps that display processing for the all-digital automobile instrument is divided into top priority display processing and low priority display processing, and display of the all-digital automobile instrument is divided into upper layer display and lower layer display; alarm information is listed in top priority display processing and set at the upper layer display to be output, and non-alarm information is listed in low priority display processing and set at the lower layer display to be output; and upper layer display and lower layer display are subjected to display superposition synthesis on a screen of the all-digital automobile instrument. By means of the alarm information safety protection method, it can be guaranteed that the alarm information is processed and displayed in priority, the fatal drawing error that the alarm information cannot be displayed due to single functional information processing errors is avoided, and accordingly it is guaranteed that a driver can notice the alarm information in time and process the alarm information, and driving safety is improved.


The present invention relates to a host cell with altered lipid-linked oligosaccharides. The lipid-linked oligosaccharides, glycosyl transferases, are further modified by heterologous expression of sugar transporters and mannosidases set of mammal (e.g., human) can be a host system for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins. This process provides a host cell that has been engineered, using this host cell, obtained by expressing any desired genes involved in glycosylation may target. Host cells with modified lipid-linked oligosaccharides are produced or selected. N- glycans made in the engineered host cells have a GlcNAcMan 3 GlcNAc 2 core structure. Then, this structure is one or more enzymes (e.g., glycosyl - transferases, sugar transporters and mannosidases) is further modified by heterologous expression of producing human-like glycoproteins.


A new mechanical equipment which with function of driving quickly is analyzed,including technique of driving quickly and structural character,operational principle of machine such as continuous miner,hydraulic bolt driller,electric traction shuttle vehicle.


A method and apparatus for a determining whether an electronic file stored at a client device is malware. A server receives from the client device a request message that includes signature information of the electronic file. The server queries a database of signature information of a multiplicity of electronic files. If the signature information of the electronic file corresponds to signature information stored on the database, a determination is made as to whether the electronic file is malware. If the signature information of the electronic file does not correspond to signature information stored on the database, a determination is made as to whether a predetermined number of further request messages for the electronic file are received from further client devices within a predetermined time period. If fewer request messages are received within the time period, it is likely that the electronic file is malware. The result of the determination is sent from the server to the client device.


The fast growth of cloud computing has attracted more companies to migrate their in-house IT applications into cloud and it also occurs in the medical field. A mobile healthcare system with cloud offloading is considered in this paper and it can be divided into two stages: sensor network and cloud offloading. In the first stage, information collected by body sensors should be transmitted to a remote mobile device. In order to save energy, an energy-efficient transmission scheme called cooperative multi-input multi-output (MIMO) is constructed for the data transfer when allowing individual sensor nodes to cooperate with each other. In the second stage, two offloading schemes called self-reliant multi-cloud offloading system and multi-cloud offloading system are proposed and further analyzed based on serve topology and optimal graph partition. The former provides stability but with high communication cost, while the latter reduces communication cost but is less stable. Both schemes can be applied to other scenarios in which we would like to perform offloading on multiple servers.


Fathers have been a neglected area of research and interest in the area of child and family welfare, yet they are often recognised as being a key to the functioning of the family. In addition to this concept, parenting beliefs and practices inevitably influence those of child development and child rearing. By beginning to unravel the differences between role and gender and looking at the diverse dimensions of fatherhood, it is contended that there is no definitive discourse regarding fatherhood in the same way as it is suggested about motherhood. Whoever these men may be, and whichever ethnic group or culture that may originate from, in the past they have often been ignored or avoided in child welfare work in general and primarily in child protection. The author's own interest in this tendency originates from practice experience in child protection.


The historiography concerning Landgrave Philipp has generally oversimplified the questions of tolerance and motivation. Only by recognizing the complexity of the situation with which the Landgrave was dealing can historians understand the development of what at times seem to be competing tendencies. The fact that Protestant unity was so important to Landgrave Philipp makes it all the more remarkable that he refused to exert the full extent of his power to enforce conformity. The Landgrave was relatively tolerant, but this tolerance was at least in part motivated by a medieval sense of monarchial paternalism rather than the modern recognition of freedom of conscience to which historians have too readily accredited it. He also forbade theologians within his territory to engage in controversial debates, especially with the common laity. By adopting pragmatism as one of his ideals, the Landgrave could come across as both idealistic and pragmatic at the same time. Keywords: Landgrave Philipp; monarchial paternalism; pragmatism; Protestant unity; tolerance


Avocado seed starch was extracted to prepare a biodegradable plastic film with enset cellulosic reinforcement and glycerol plasticiser. The characterisations were made in detail. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), rheometer, and Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) techniques were employed to characterise the physicochemical properties of avocado seed starch, enset cellulosic, and the blend. Starch and enset cellulosic extraction yields are 18.3 ± 0.02% and 67.5 ± 0.08%, respectively. As a result, avocado seed starch and enset cellulosic blend can be used as alternative raw materials to develop biodegradable plastics.


Kisumu, the third largest city in Kenya, with a population of about 500,000 residents, experiences unique food security challenges. The city depends on distant supply sources of food, despite being surrounded by rich agricultural lands supporting large-scale sugar and rice production. Research by Mireri et al (2007) found that the urban food poverty level is high (53%) in Kisumu when compared to Nairobi (8.4%) and Mombasa (38.6%).1 The daily food requirements of most residents of the city are obtained via informal traders who are often at loggerheads with municipal authorities.


Comparison figures prominently in the polemics of the Muslim, Christian, and Jewish inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula in premodern and early modern times. Its pervasiveness as a figure of thought in their sources raises the question of variety in regard to comparison—that is, the multiple expressions of comparison as well as its numerous uses—particularly in the field of polemics. This paper discusses the functions of comparison in polemics as a necessary first step to advance current knowledge of comparison as a historical practice in the making of one's identity and the definition of groups and individuals. The discussion will focus on writings by Muslims who lived in Christian Iberia. It will focus particularly on two anti-Christian polemics: that by the Tunisian author Muḥammad al-Qaysī in an as-yet unstudied Aljamiado copy (Spanish in Arabic characters); and the Tratado de los dos caminos (Treatise of the Two Roads), an early-seventeenth-century work of Islamic doctrine by the so-called "Refugee in Tunisia". The analysis of these two works will address the most important common points and differences between their respective polemical comparisons.


Philip V. W. Dodds is project analyst with Randall House Associates, Inc., and is an adjunct staff member of the Institute for Defense Analyses. He is the chief architect of the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Initiative, and was instrumental in the development of the ADL's Sharable Content Objective Reference Model (SCORM). From 1992 until 1997, he served as president and CEO of the Interactive Multimedia Association, the leading trade association devoted to promoting the fast-growing multimedia industry. In 1983, Dodds founded Visage, Inc., a developer of multimedia products such as interactive video systems, digital audio products, and system software. He served as president, chairman, and CEO of Visage before joining Randall House Associates in 1989. He was interviewed for AJDE by Judy Brown, who serves the University of Wisconsin as the emerging technology analyst in the Office of Learning and Information Technology and as director of the Academic ADL Co-Laboratory.


Objective To investigate the effect of tumor suppressor gene on tumourigenesis in multiple primary malignant neoplasm (MPMN). Methods The retrospective analysis was used to summarize several common tumor suppressor genes correlation to MPMN. Results At current study of the tumor suppressor genes, the common genes studied in MPMN were p53, APC, p16, BRCA1, BRCA2 and PTEN/MMAC1, etc. The same mutation of tumor suppressor genes could be detected from PMNNs. Conclusion [WT5"BZ]There are significant relations between MPMN and inactivation of tumor suppressor gene. By the study of tumor suppressor gene, it can reveal some common rules of tumourigenesis of MPMN.


Have adjusted the definition of the assets in " enterprise's accounting system " that the Ministry of Finance issued newly,expand eight to assets person who reduce from four,standardize assets person who reduce idea that plan withdraw.This reform measure improved enterprise's accounting information quality,carried out the " prudent principle " further at the same time.The prudent principle is an important principle that enterprise's accountant uses while checking and calculating,this text aims at studies the prudent necessity existing in the system of counting of our Congress of principle,use and appropriate concretlying.


This research was conducted on the date and time as follows:
Place : Moerty Salon, Jl. Trowulan Temple 42-Malang.
Time: 3 months (calculated from the day the research was received at the moerty salon until the final interview).
The basic method of this research uses descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. Descriptive analysis is a method of examining a status, a group of people, an object that aims to make a systematic description or description of the data obtained.


This paper presents a thorough analysis and necessary improvements of the method of ILAC (Instant Lead Attack Computing), an advanced airborne fire control method. First, on the basis of analysis of LAC (Lead Attack Computing Method), a classical airborne fire control method, the theoretical foundation of ILAC is studied. Second, the essence of ILAC is disclosed in terms of its advanced points compared with LAC. Finally, a necessary improvement on ILAC is carried out aiming at its technical defect. It is concluded that the improved ILAC meets the requirements of modern air combat.


Mass mixing and CP violation in the B°-B ° system are studied in the standard six-quark model. The mass and width differences are obtained by reliable methods, and their radiative corrections included to leading logarithm. Constraints on the Kobayashi-Maskawa parameters are rederived in order to permit a quantitative account of B ° phenomenology. Strong evidence against the observability of CP violation in B°-B ° mixing is presented.


This study is a research carried oul 10 identify the artifacts on display at the Muzium Warisan Budaya Sibu, Sarawak, In addition, studies were undertaken to examine the existing promotion strategies of Muzium Warisan Budaya, In addition, data on promotional strategies implemented by the museum w ill be analyzed, Quality services and attractive promotional strategy is a key aspect that is able to attract the visitors to visit the museum, The results indicate that promotion strategies undertaken by the Muzium Warisan Budaya is less favorable response because local communities do not receive in formation about the museum and less widely implemented to the community.


The paper puts forward an analysis on the influence factors for evaluating the quality grade of railway ballast,From the viewpoint of petrology,concerned with the limitation of rock properties of existing ballast materials,the names of three main kinds of rocks which may be classified as Ⅰ grade ballast or not are pointed out,as well as the names of the high quality rocks distributed in China are proposed.Several steps and several suggestions are also proposed for engineering technicians concerned with how to select the superior quality ballast and enlarging the selection scope of rock materials.


Human beings learn to communicate through mutual efforts to develop shared understandings within a given context. With neural network technology, computers may learn to identify objects and behaviors in the CAD context by which they may "understand" the needs of designers. This capability can enable the computer to respond adaptively to assist individual users.


The ubiquity of Internet access and the wide variety of Internet-enabled devices and applications have made the Internet a principal pillar of the Information Society. Decentralized and diverse, the Internet is resilient and universal. However, its distributed nature leads to operational brittleness and difficulty in identifying and tracking the root causes of performance and availability issues.


Calabazas Creek Research, Inc.(CCR) is developing a rectangular, gridded, thermionic, dispenser-cathode gun for sheet beam devices. We present the preliminary design of a 415 kV, 250 A gridded gun for a sheet beam klystron, giving results from 2D and 3D simulations.


The dynamic susceptibility spectra of Permalloy nanodots, supporting a vortex-type magnetic configuration, are studied within the frequency range $0.2\char21{}20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GHz}$ as a function of dot thickness $(10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}\ensuremath{\leqslant}{L}_{z}\ensuremath{\leqslant}80\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ by means of three-dimensional dynamic micromagnetic simulations. In addition to the low-frequency vortex translation mode (gyrotropic motion of the vortex core), a second vortex core mode is revealed at a higher frequency for thicker nanodots (in-plane pumping field). This mode whose resonance frequency decreases rapidly with increasing dot thickness originates from the nonuniform vortex structure along the dot normal axis. Higher frequency modes are also observed for both in-plane and perpendicular pumping field orientations and correspond mostly to spin excitations localized outside the vortex core. The possible detection of the two vortex core modes within an individual nanodot using resonance experiments is discussed on the basis of the dispersion relation frequency versus perpendicular static magnetic field.


The peculiarity of social reality regarding the reality of natural origin is its constitution with the help of linguistic means. Language is a fundamental social institution in the sense that all another social institutions cannot exist without it. The fundamentality of language as regards to the social reality is illustrated by the example of status function of money. The article presents an approach that reveals the essence of money as a social institution, which is closely associated with the language. Here disclosed is the semiotic nature of money, considered are different approaches to establishing the meaning and denotation of token money. A semiotic research of money essence faces with a two-level circuit notation, similar to the interrelation of meta-language to language. First, the meaning of the word "money" is considered in the article, and it is set that its extensional is a complex of token money. Secondly, there are analyzed the major approaches to the definition of semantics of token money and it is presented the critique of self-reference and pragmatic conception.


Let L be a finite group with a unique minimal normal subgroup, say N. We study the conditional probability PL, N(d) that d randomly chosen elements of L generate, L given that they generate L modulo N. In particular, we prove that if d⩾d(L), then PL, N(d)⩾½. Several applications to general questions on the generation of finite and profinite groups are described.


Color correction indicates the process of changing the colors of a digital image in order to reach given objectives. Usually the criteria under which color correction is performed match those of white-balancing and color constancy. In this work we present and automatic color correction method inspired by the Retinex and opponent colors theories with theoretical applicability on images with multiple illuminants. The method here presented has been tested in the field of skin tone color correction.


We evaluated blood pressure in a sample of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), to deter- mine whether ABPM, when compared with casual BP recordings, allowed the detection of a higher risk for hypertension. We also evaluated the correlation between BP and vascular abnormalities. We studied 69 NF1 patients (36 males and 33 females) with a mean age of 11€4 years, divided into group A, with 24-h mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 95th percentile. Standard electrocardiography and M- mode, two-dimensional echocardiography were per- formed and all patients were in sinus rhythm. ABPM identified 11 hypertensive patients (16%); 5 had a mean SBP >95th percentile, 3 mean SBPDBP >95th percen- tile, and 3 a mean DBP >95th percentile. Laboratory and other investigations to exclude secondary hypertension were normal. Cardiac abnormalities were found in 13 of the 69 patients (18.8%) with NF1. There were no significant clinical and cardiac differences between the normotensive and hypertensive group. Our data empha- size the importance of periodic ABPM in NF1 patients to diagnose hypertension early and avoid target organ damage and increased mortality.


Cardiorespiratory arrest Cardiorespiratory arrest may occur in a wide variety of conditions that cause hypoxaemia or hypotension, or both. Examples include trauma, drowning, septicaemia, sudden infant death syndrome, asthma and congenital anomalies of the heart and lung. The initial cardiac rhythm discovered during early resuscitation is usually severe bradycardia or asystole. Although the spontaneous onset of ventricular fi brillation in children is approximately 10%, it may occur more frequently with congenital heart conditions or secondary to poisoning with cardioactive drugs. In hospital, respiratory arrest alone is more common than cardiorespiratory arrest.