Clerodendranthus spicatus is a rare tropical medicinal plant with special curative effect to kidney stone,urinary tract stones,gallstone and cholecystitis.The article simply summarized the research progresses in the morphological characteristics,cultivation techniques,chemical composition,pharmacological effect,clinical utilization and exploitation of Clerodendranthus spicatus in the world.


A multipoint Thomson scattering apparatus has been constructed to measure electron temperature and density at several spatial locations in a low‐density toroidal plasma discharge. A multianode microchannel‐plate photomultiplier tube detector is used to provide the multipoint capability of this device. This detector, along with a simple and efficient optical collection system, allows for low‐density measurements. Critical for low‐density operation is a low stray light level from the laser, which has been achieved through careful design of the laser beam handling optics. The plasma parameters in which this device operates are in a regime where Langmuir probes are the usual diagnostic method. The design of this device is presented, along with electron temperature and density profiles of an electron cyclotron heated plasma in the Interchangeable Module Stellarator. Comparison is made with Langmuir probe measurements of similar discharges. Discrepancies between these methods are seen, and are attributed to pla...


IL-23 is an essential mediator of chronic intestinal inflammation in experimental models of colitis. Polymorphisms in the IL23R locus are associated with IBD susceptibility in humans. The biological activity of IL-23 has been linked to Th17 cells but little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanism by which IL-23 drives intestinal inflammation. The work presented herein has identified that direct IL-23 signalling into CD4+ T cells was not only required for the accumulation of Th17 cells in the intestine but also modulated their phenotype. Through direct cell intrinsic effects on T cells, IL-23 drove the emergence of an IL-17A+IFN-γ+ population of T cells that co-expressed RORγ and T-bet. Interestingly, we found that expression of RORγ but not T-bet by T cells was required for the development of intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, colitis induced by T-bet deficient T cells was dependent on IL-17A, and showed a unique inflammatory phenotype, thus demonstrating that pathogenic intestinal Th17 responses can develop independently of T-bet. In addition, using transcriptional profiling we identified a core set of genes that is regulated by direct cell-intrinsic IL-23 signals into intestinal CD4+ T cells. This revealed a previously unrecognised role for IL-23 in suppressing Th2 associated genes, such as GATA3 and IL-33R. Functional experiments demonstrated that expression of GATA3 in CD4+ T cells limited their colitogenic potential, suggesting that IL-23-mediated inhibition of GATA3 might contribute to the development of intestinal inflammation. Finally, we described a novel function for IL-33 as a factor that promotes Foxp3+ iTreg differentiation in vitro and in vivo through direct effects on T cells. This activity of IL-33 was inhibited in the presence of IL-23, providing a mechanistic link for the known role of IL-23 in restraining iTreg generation. Collectively, these data suggest that IL-23 promotes acquisition of a pathogenic effector T cell phenotype through multiple mechanisms. This indicates that therapeutic blockade of IL-23 is likely to reduce pro-inflammatory mediators while also facilitating the expansion of regulatory pathways that might help to re-establish intestinal homeostasis.


The type,composition and characteristics of conductive inks are introduced.The mechanisms,some preparation techniques and applications of the inks are summarized.The research of conductive inks focuses on the preparation of ultrafine metal fillers,polymer matrix and the dispersing of fillers in matrix.Since conductive inks have the advantages of low-temperature technology and conductivity,they will become the key materials in the future electronic industry.


The Sr doped (Ca1−xSrx)12Al14O33[(C1‐xSx)12A7] (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05) polycrystals were successfully prepared by the melt‐solidification combining spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The electrides were obtained by thermal treatment with Ti particles at 1100 °C for 20h. The electrical properties and electronic structure were systematically studied. The free oxygen ions of Sr doped samples were easier substituted by electrons. (Ca0.96Sr0.04)12Al14O33:e‐ sample possesses the highest electrical conductivity at room temperature (RT) (∼1136S/cm) and electron concentration [∼(2.13±0.11) × 1021cm−3] was obtained, which was above one magnitude higher than that of nondoped sample. The calculated electronic structure showed that Sr‐doping increased the density of state near the Fermi level of (C0.96S0.04)12A7:e‐. The level of frame conduction band (FCB) decreased compared to Ca12Al14O33:e‐.The large density of state of (C0.96S0.04)12A7:e‐ was mainly contributed by Sr 4p,5s, Ca 3d,4s and Al 3p.


The present invention is capable of returning operation is to be required positioning after the operation for the installation of the file repeatedly recovered and re-installation is possible at the same time micro the structure is simplified and the weight of weight and simplicity of operation, manufacture, and construction costs are reduced file, and relates to a vertical ground and the surface ground reinforcing construction method, and more particularly the support sphere jungle stage is larger than the diameter of the body end to form a locking step, the support body end of danjjok has a ring groove which retaining ring is coupled formed and the support is fitted on the earth not only configure the spring engaging the locking step, and wherein the body forms a female spiral in the inner circumference inserted into a cylindrical shape having a square thread in the inner surface of the hole, one end is inserted into the hole and helical the number and the distal end is fastened to the bracket is formed integrally with the spring engaging end which the spring is engaged with the inner peripheral surface of the support stage And the through hole becomes the stepped through the center of the bracket, the file is characterized in that by constituting the original inference is formed and the outer peripheral surface forming a square spiral can at a front end; Becomes pushed by the falling operation of the file advance force releases the rising operation of the holder, the file for supporting the inner surface of perforated holes when the supporting force for supporting the hole by the restoring force of the spring is released is reinstalled through the recovery and positioning of the file this has the effect of enabling.


A rubber composition comprising 5 to 60 parts by mass of a copolymer (B) aromatic vinyl compound-conjugated diene compound of low molecular weight having a content of aromatic vinyl compound from 5 to 80% by mass, a united content vinyl from a portion of the conjugated diene compound 10 to 80 mass% and an average molecular weight mass measured by chromatography gel permeation and converted to polystyrene of 5,000 to 200,000, and 20 to 90 parts by mass of a filler (C) based on 100 parts by mass of a rubber component (a) comprises at least one of natural rubber and synthetic diene-based rubbers, in which 50 to 90% by mass of the load (C) is silica and not less than 50% by mass of the rubber component (A) is rubber styrene-butadiene copolymer.


ABSTRACT For some time, foreign policy as an expression was perfectly interchangeable with diplomacy, given the degree of leverage enjoyed by diplomatic corps in Brazil's political system. However, there has arguably been some degree of discontinuity in this trajectory, which is noticeable from a couple of trends: Brazil's strategy toward Western powers vis-à-vis the rise of Asia,on the one hand, and democratization of foreign policymaking and the resulting tumultuous relationship between the foreign ministry and the presidency of the country, on the other. I posit that, from Fernando Henrique Cardoso to Jair Bolsonaro, this combination of factors prompted an epochal shift in Brazil's external relations, whose bottom line might be Itamaraty's demise as chief formulator while other governmental bureaucracies, political parties and individuals take over as the gravity centre, turning the contents of Brazil's foreign policy more responsive to social inputs, however less predictable and coherent over time.


The relationship between metacognition and mindreading was investigated by examining how well one can monitor their own learning (Self) compared to another person's learning (Other). Here, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to systematically investigate the brain area activation during metacognition and mindreading. The evidence indicated that metacognition and mindreading are underpinned by distinct neural systems. Metacognition is associated with activation in brain regions important for memory retrieval, such as the fusiform gyrus, while mindreading is associated with activation in brain regions important for understanding and reasoning about others' intentions, such as the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ).


For there is in Origen's work an absolutely authentic typology. Mixed up with it generally there are no doubt allegorical elements. But it is still radically different from the Philonian allegory in its historical character. This is true only of part of Origen's work: it also contains Philonian and Gnostic types of allegorism. But one ought at least to acknowledge the presence of genuine typology. If de Lubac was mistaken in justifying Origen's exegesis as a whole, I think Hanson goes too far in condemning it. JEAN DANIELOU.


We show first reconstructions of the photon-number distribution obtained with a multichannel fiber-loop detector. Apart from analyzing the statistics of light pulses this device can serve as a sophisticated postselection device for experiments in quantum optics and quantum information. We quantify its efficiency by means of the Fisher information and compare it to the efficiency of the ideal photodetector.


Objective To explore the post antibiotic effect of levofloxacin coadministrated with netilmycin.Methods The minimal inhibitory concentration was determined by microdilution method and post antibiotic effect was measured with colony count method.Results Netilmycin and levofloxacin had stronger post antibiotic effects on staphylococcus aureus and bacillus coli than monosporangium aerugo.Synergistic effect was found on staphylococcus aureus and bacillus coli after netilmycin coadministrated with levofloxacin,while synergistic effect or addition effect was observed on monosporangium aerugo.And the effects were closely related to the drug concentration after single administration or coadministration of netilmycin and levofloxacin.Conclusion Netilmycin coadministrated with levofloxacin could enhance the post antibiotic effect and the clinical effect after coadministration should be superior to that of single administration.


Surface modification of candlenut shell carbon (CSC) using three chemicals: nitric acid (HNO3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) has been carried out. Activation of CSC was performed using H3PO4 solution with different ratio between CSC and activator. Carbon surface area was determined by methylene blue adsorption method. Surface characterization was performed using FTIR spectroscopy and Boehm titration method. Specific capacitance of electrode prepared from CSAC (candlenuts shell activated carbon) materials was quantified by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) measurement. The surface area before and after activation are 105,127 m2/g, 112,488 m2/g, 124,190 m2/g, and 135,167 m2/g, respectively. Surface modification of CSAC showed the improvement in the chemical functionality of CSAC surface. Analyses using FTIR spectroscopy and Boehm titration showed that modifications with HNO3, H2SO4 and H2O2 on the surface of the CSAC increased the number of oxygen functional groups. As a consequence, the specific capacitance of CSAC modified with 65% HNO3 attained the highest value (127 μF/g). There is an incredible increase by a factor of 298% from electrode which was constructed with un-modified CSAC material. This increase correlates to the largest number of oxygen functional groups of CSAC modified with nitric acid (HNO3).


The Social Fund relies on officials to judge the merits of applications for assistance within a closely circumscribed framework of directions and guidance. Variations in the treatment of cases are inevitable in such a framework. However, the variations are not readily explicable in terms of the circumstances, or needs, of the applicants. This article outlines the complex interplay of financial constraints, management targets and other pressures, describing a system akin to a game in which not all rules are known to all players, producing results that could not have been intended.


The database accumulation of modern newspapers and magazines has given researchers easy access to the original works and easy data extraction, which helps research performance of various disciplines including humanities and cultural arts. It is, however, certainly not satisfying that such achievements are confined to researching and are handled in academic fields apart from college education. Utilizing modern newspaper media in a university classical Chinese curriculum can greatly help learn the social and cultural backgrounds of the emergence of Chinese characters, as well as the Chinese character itself. As Hwangsong Sinmun and other modern newspapers or magazines at that time are provided as a database which is capable of integrated search and retrieval, they are also convenient in terms of the accessibility of data. Accordingly, this article introduced a class model(TBL) using modern newspapers and reviewed the methodology along with its practical values and benefits. The educational design based on newspaper media and its database is expected to reduce the anxiety about the effectiveness and methodology of the current college education. Although this paper presented a model for the classes centered on university classical Chinese education, its educational value can embrace the rest of the humanities.


A fine‐scale acoustic bottom scattering experiment is planned for the summer of 1993 on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge flank just north of the Kane Fracture Zone as a part of the Acoustic Reverberation Special Research Program (ARSRP). The site (or sites) of the detailed experiment will be about 5 × 5 km. The experimental design includes the use of four vertical line arrays moored near the bottom within the site. Several factors complicate the geometry of the experiment, one of which is that the scattering patch will be in the near field of the arrays. This will require the use of focused beamforming for viewing a scattering patch within the experimental site. Added difficulties arise in the fact that, within the experimental specifications, the arrays may not be straight and vertical and the bottom may not be horizontal. An algorithm has been formulated for the phase shifts required at elements along a distorted vertical line for focusing on points on a sloped flat plane for use in processing the data to arrive ...


AIM To study the effect of angiotensin converting inhibitor(ACEI) reduces myocardial ischemia and related events after acute myocardial infarction(AMI). We studied 87 patioents who had been randomly divided into captopril group and conctrol group. All patients underwent total ischemic burden(TIB) testing from 24 ambulatory electgocardiogram recording before and 3,6 and 12 months after hospital discharge,and were observed ischemia related events. RESULTSTIB in the 12 months,significantly fewer ischemia related events occurred in the captopril groups( P 0 05). This difference was found between 6~12 months but not during first 6 months. CONCLUSION ACEI has long term anti ischemic effect and may reduce the incidence of ischemia related events after AMI.


We describe the synthesis of 1,8-naphthyridine C-nucleosides, Na-N(O) and Na-O(N), and full details of hybridization properties of the duplexes containing naphthyridine:imidazopyridopyrimidine pairs. The desired compounds were obtained from Na-O(N) derivative 1 via conversions of the substituents of 2- and 7-positions, respectively. The 17mer duplex containing one Na-O(O):Im-N(N) pair in the center was stabilized by +11.4 degrees C relative to that containing a T:A pair, and this value was highest among the naphthyridine:imidazopyridopyrimidine pairs.


Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and represents the causative agent of a potentially systemic disease that has drawn a global attention. Based on the study of large number of infected people who were exposed to the bat animal market in Wuhan city, China, they suggested that the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., COVID-19) is likely to be associated with zoonotic transmission. The disease was declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th of March, 2020. The clinical and genetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 support a similar pathogenesis pattern with Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). The infection is mainly transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets generated during the course of coughing, sneezing and talking. Extensive measures to reduce the person to person transmission of COVID-19 have been implemented to control the current outbreak. Special attention and efforts reduce the transmission should be applied on the susceptible population including the children, health care providers and elderly people. Several control and preventive measures including; following hand hygiene, using face mask, avoiding person to person contact etc. are recommended to prevent the spread of this virus. To diagnose the viral infection, several methods have been established and recommended including the Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), serological diagnosis, imaging technology etc. Up to the 31th August, 2020, there is no specific therapeutics or vaccines to control this viral infection. So, COVID-19 is posing a great threat for the global public health. The aims of this review were to highlight the current status of COVID-19 worldwide, and to give short notes about its possible prevention and treatment.


Background:  For chronic disease patients, pharmacist counselling with motivating reminder messages has been developed throughout time to promote the success of patient treatment. Diabetes mellitus is a long-term condition. Blood sugar control and an improved quality of life are therapeutic goals in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to determine whether changes in fasting blood sugar and quality of life occurred in individuals with diabetes mellitus who received pharmacist counselling coupled by motivating reminder messages.Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a pre-test-post-test design with control and intervention groups. Data on patients with type 2 diabetes were obtained prospectively at Jetis 1 primary health care in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Seventy-two respondents who met the inclusion criteria were separated into two groups: the control group (36 participants) and the intervention group (36 participants). The patients' quality of life was assessed using the 36-item Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire.Results: Following pharmacist counselling coupled by motivating reminder messages, patients' mean fasting blood sugar reduced significantly (∆ 34.85±63.36), while their mean quality of life score increased considerably (∆ 13.73±9.22).Conclusions: Pharmacist counselling combined with motivating reminder messages can help patients with type 2 diabetes lower their fasting blood sugar and enhance their quality of life. The provision of pharmacist counselling followed by brief reminders and motivational messages may be considered to improve type 2 diabetes patient management.


Combined with practical work,the waterproofing and leaking stoppage principles of basement in one residential quarter are intro-duced.From material requirements,mix proportion,performance index and other aspects the materials needed are introduced.Construction technology of wall and floor are respectively mentioned in order to promote the application of this technology.


Sugar- (fructose, xylose, glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose) glycine solutions of water activity adjusted to 0.90 (by adding NaCI) were heated at 45–65°C. The behavior of fructose-glycine solutions was well described by a zero-order reaction model, but for the other sugars a fractional-order (∼ 0.5) kinetic model was necessary. Activation energies for glucose, fructose and sucrose systems were 25.7, 29.3 and 36.6 kcah/mole, respectively. At pH 6 the descending order for color development was xylose > glucose > fructose > lactose > maltose > sucrose; at pH lower than 6 fructose browned faster than glucose. The role of hydrolysis of sucrose as related to Maillard's browning of heated sucrose-glycine solutions was studied. Caramelization browning seemed to contribute noticeably to total color development only in fructose-glycine solutions.


Based on the properties of high impurity raw cotton,measures to fully use the scutching and carding equipments,to increased the getting rid of noils,impurities and short fibers,to improve opening and scutching equipments reasonably and to follow the principle of "carefully picking,more carding and few beating and early noiling" in scutching and of "low speed,tight gauge,strong carding and more impurity getting rid" in carding are adopted to minimize impurity of carded sliver to guarantee the formed yarn quality.


Starch-gel electrophoresis of sera from Canadian and Alaskan populations of Spermophilus undulatus demonstrates four molecular trausferrins, Tf 5, 6, 7, and 8. Single and double band transferrin patterns reflect homozygous and heterozygous genetic expression respectively.Spermophilus undulatus parryii is characterized by Tf 6 alone or in combination with Tf 7 or Tf 8, S. u. ablusus by Tf 7 alone, and S. u. plesius by Tf 5 alone or in combination with Tf 7.Transferrins offer a means for clarifying the taxonomy of this holarctic species complex, and for investigating the origins and distributions of nearctic populations.


This paper develops a minimal model of an economy with intermediation. The focus is on the endogenous choice of homogeneous agents between specializing as producers or as merchants. Merchants operate alongside a decentralized search market and provide immediacy in exchange. Endogenous choice requires that agents be free to move between the two occupations at any time. Using only this condition, we characterize the equilibria in which merchants are active, and investigate the welfare properties of such equilibria. ∗Kunal Sengupta provided various insights and suggestions. We also thank Guillaume Rocheteau and Andrew Wait for comments on an earlier draft.


Kirchhoff migration has traditionally been the leading implementation for application of depth migration to seismic data. There are many reasons for this, such as efficiency, ability to image steep and even overhanging dips, and flexibility. However, the limitations of Kirchhoff migration are well known and its inability to image more than a single arrival is a major constraint. Downward continuation algorithms, on the other hand, handle all arrivals but their inability to image steep dips is a severe limitation. Instead, artifacts caused by the "swinging action" of the migration often obscure the real targets and it is very difficult to distinguish artifacts from geology.


Generative learning method is based on constructivism theory with assumption that students develop mathematics knowledge actively. The analysis of this experiment research shows that the implementation of generative learning model in Mathematics Instruction course in the Faculty of Education UNP improve students' soft skills better than the conventional learning model. The skills that were developed are modeling skills, logical thinking skills and problem solving skills. The highest score of mathematical concept understanding test in experiment class is 92.86 and the lowest is 46.43 while in control class, the score is 85.71 and 35.71 respectively. The mean of experiment class is 73.81 and 63.10 for control class.


The literature about secularization proposes two distinct explanations of anti-Muslim sentiment in secularized societies. The first theory understands it in terms of religious competition between Muslims and the remaining minority of orthodox Protestants; the second understands it as resulting from value conflicts between Muslims and the nonreligious majority. The two theories are tested by means of a multilevel analysis of the European Values Study 2008. Our findings indicate that, although more secularized countries are on average more tolerant towards Muslims and Islam, strongest anti-Muslim attitudes are nonetheless found among the nonreligious in these countries.


Abstract : Recently, it has been recognized that a distinct mechanism of terminal proliferation arrest after chemotherapy involves the reactivation of senescence. However, whether this phenotype occurs in vivo is unclear, as is the biological impact of senescence induction. We have previously identified pathways and genes involved in human senescence that may serve as senescence markers, and have demonstrated that senescence occurs in prostate cancer cell lines after chemotherapy. In this proposal, we will: a) determine whether senescent tumor cells alter the proliferation and invasion of surrounding prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, b) assess for and augment senescence in prostate cancer xenograft models and human tumors, and c) identify novel small molecules that induce senescence in prostate cancer cells. Both in vitro and in vivo approaches using human prostate cancer cells will be utilized to identify and determine the mechanisms underlying senescence. With this data, our understanding of cellular senescence will undergo a quantum leap and permit the translation of this entity both as a marker of response and for directing therapy.


this may be true statistically, pragmatically, and clinically, it is a poor reason to do so, in that it flies against the reality that the treatment for substance dependence and chronic abuse may actually be different. By unifying these two diagnoses, research data may potentially be lost. Many college students dabbling with substance use might now be considered as addicts when this may not be the case. Distinguishing between recreational use and compulsive use will become more and more important. Frances makes a very valid point that in the consideration of diagnosis for any addictive like behavior, use of informants other than the patient is very important in that patients themselves are often in significant denial and often believe that they are unimpaired and that their behavior is under good control. This is an important book. It is concise and readable. It adds clinical insight coupled with many years of experience to the somewhat dry task of explaining all of the currently "in vogue" criteria defining mental illnesses. Frances is forthcoming and candid. Where he sees common sense being utilized, he provides praise. Where he believes steps have been taken that are questionable, he clearly provides his input. While one would like to believe that there are no politics in diagnosis, this book puts that conception to rest. Frances has succeeded in his goals. He has taken the very difficult task of "shrinking" the DSM-5 into a focused and readable commentary and explanation. He also provides the corresponding ICD–10 (International Classification of Disease) codes that are parallel to the DSM. Some of the controversy of the DSM will be attenuated as more and more companies demand the use of ICD codes instead of DSM codes. Frances touches on the pragmatic reality of insurance and drug company driven diagnoses; however, more could have been said about this issue in his "caution boxes." This is less a criticism than an observation for this book is well worth its very reasonable $35.00. For many, when faced with the choice between buying the DSM-5 from the American Psychiatric Association or buying Frances's version, buying this book may be a realistic and, no doubt, less expensive alternative.


This paper considers parameter identification and swing-up balancing control of a 2-link underactuated acrobat robot called an Acrobot. For parameter identification of the Acrobot, we propose a new method using the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The effectiveness of this method has been clarified through a parameter identification experiment. Furthermore, we studied the Acrobot's swing-up and balancing control by applying the energy based control for swing-up control and the Lyapunov based scheduling procedure for balancing control. Simulation and experimental results indicated that this approach is suitable for control of the Acrobot


Objective To explore the value of different surgical methods in the treatment of the displaced femoral neck fracture of the elderly. Methods An follow up study was done on 89 cases older than 65 years who were treated with internal fixation, femoral head arthroplasty and total hip joint replacement between 1998 and 2003 to compare the difference upon operation time, blood loss, duration of hospitalization, joint function evaluation one and two years after operation, complications and reversion rate. Results The internal fixation group had the shortest operation time and hospitalization and the least blood loss but the longest immobilization time, highest complication rate and reversion rate as well as the worst joint function. While the total hip joint replacement group had the least immobilization time, the lowest complication rate and reversion rate, best joint function but required better health condition. The femoral head arthroplasty group had the least operation injury but had relative higher reversion rate and worse joint function compared to the total hip joint replacement group. Conclusion Total hip joint replacement is suitable for the displaced femoral neck fractures of the elderly, especially those who are active have relative longer life expectancy and good general condition.


The replacement free energy correction, for vapor phase nucleation, in the classical theory of nucleation (CNT), is investigated within the confines of the renormalized representation of the molecular system implicit in the model, based on the capillarity approximation adopted by CNT. The replacement free energy is associated with the translational degrees of freedom of the clusters that serve as embryos for the formation of drops, and it is shown that, unless extreme care is exercised, the evaluation of this contribution to the free energy can involve a redundant counting of molecular configurations that can lead to a predicted nucleation rate in error by many orders of magnitude. It is demonstrated that the problem arises because of the use of a coarse grained renormalized version of the actual system and that the correction can be extremely sensitive to the type of renormalization (model) employed. In the case of CNT, in particular, error can arise from the fact that the drop used to model the cluster cannot be located more accurately than within the fluctuation of its volume. This fluctuation, in effect, generates a lattice whose sites the drop is restricted to occupy and whose lattice parameter is the cube root of the volume of fluctuation. This denial of accessibility of the continuum volume to the drop eliminates redundant counting. The form for the replacement free energy factor is derived, discussions of various subtle issues are presented, and similar problems are mentioned in connection with renormalized versions of molecular systems in other contexts (e.g., in the cases of microemulsions and polymers, and even in cases such as that of the constant pressure ensemble) where renormalization does not play a role.


DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing of HLA‐DR and DQ alleles of 60 Japanese type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic patients and 115 controls was performed. RFLP typing of DRB1 showed increased frequency of DR9 and decreased frequencies of DR2 and DRW6 among patients compared to controls. In the RFLP typing of BamHI‐ digested DNA to DQ β probe (BamHI‐DQB1), the incidence of the 10.26 kb fragment, which represents either DQW4, DQW8 or DQW9, was markedly elevated in the patients, whereas the incidence of DQW6 was reduced. The predicted DR‐DQ haplotype study revealed that DR4‐DQW4 or DQW8, DRW8‐DQW4 or DQW8 and DR9‐DQW9 may contribute to susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. When serological typing of the 13 DRW8 patients was performed, all the 11 DRW8 patients carrying DQW4 or DQW8 (BamHI‐10.26 kb) were positive for DQW3.


Introduction The muscle fibers of a normal voluntary muscle produce electric discharges which are recorded as a compound action potential from the extracellular space. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of these action potentials and their deviations from normal are assessed during electromyography. Historically, Adrian and Bronk, using a concentric-needle electrode, first recorded muscle action potentials in 1929. 1 The development of the cathode ray oscilloscope and the improvements in amplifying systems have since made it possible to view and obtain records of the action potentials of voluntary muscle under a variety of conditions. Application of physiological techniques and principles, notably by Buchthal, 2,3 has enhanced the knowledge and understanding of the changes recorded by electromyography in various pathological states of muscle and nerve. Material and Methods The electromyographic findings in 159 patients with neuromuscular disorders investigated at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health are summarized. In all


This paper introduces a procedural method for the systematic risk analysis when an IT-System is exposed to an intentional electromagnetic environment (IEME). The method analyzes the susceptibility of an electronic system with the respect to intentional electromagnetic interferences (IEMI). It combines the advantage of fault tree analysis (FTA), electromagnetic topology (EMT) and Bayesian networks (BN) and enhance the statistical-based models for the coupling and the system behavior with uncertain data. The fuzzy approach in this paper adds to the statistical and crisp data, the uncertainness with linguistic terms. That terms treat the predication for that crisp data not exist or only reach with the utmost effort. In a final step the critical scenario are identify and the elements which contribute most to the risk.


The electrical system, interface, commissioning, and operations requirements of a major multiunit cogeneration plant interconnected with a large utility system through a 230-kV sulfur hexafluoride (SF{sub 6}) gas-insulated substation (GIS) are complex and demanding. This paper describes the electrical requirements, including utility interfaces, engineering, and on-site testing, as applied to the execution of a large, multiunit turnkey cogeneration project in California. The benefits of careful engineering efforts are shown to result in timely and cost effective completion of engineering, manufacturing, installation, testing, and commercial operation.


It is well known that the magnetic recording channel is distorted by both electronic and signal dependent media noise, where the dominant terms in media noise result in both time and width jitter of the ideal transition response. Using a second order Taylor series approximation to the microtrack media noise model, we first derive an expression for the media noise distribution associated with a single transition. Next, assuming that the media noise contributions from distinct transitions are independent, we derive an expression for the error event probability of a Viterbi detector operating in the presence of both electronic (additive Gaussian) noise and media noise.


We model the apparent clustering anisotropy of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey using subhalos identified in cosmological $N$-body simulations. We first conduct a Markov-chain Monte Carlo analysis on the parameters characterizing subhalos hosting LRGs assuming a specific $\Lambda$CDM cosmology on which we run the simulations. We show that simple models with central and satellite subhalos can explain the observed multipole moments of the power spectrum up to hexadecapole on large scales ($k\lesssim0.3~h\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$). A satellite fraction of $20$ to $30$ per cent is favored weakly depending on the detail of the model. The fraction is shown to be robust when we adopt a more refined model based on the halo occupation number from the literature. We then vary cosmological parameters controlling the anisotropy in redshift-space effectively by deforming the simulation box (the Alcock-Paczynski effect) and changing the amplitude of the velocities (the redshift-space distortions). We demonstrate that we can constrain the geometry of the universe, the structure growth rate, and the parameters characterizing LRGs simultaneously. This is a step toward cosmological analysis with realistic bias description beyond empirical bias functions with nuisance parameters.


The pulse-echo method is one of the most important in ultrasonic imaging. In many areas, including medical applications and nondestructive evaluation, it constitutes one of the fundamental principl ...


This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the deflection and reattachment of a radial turbulent wall jet through two comparatively wide-spaced parallel disks, in the presence of a lateral control flow. The main content of this report concerns the effects of various opposite wall heights and control flow rates on the flow properties at and after the reattachment point on the wall surface. A flow field was divided into five regions. The changes of the maximum jet center velocity, the jet half-width and the turbulence at the velocity maxima, and also the deflection of the jet center axis in each region, depended mainly on the combination of the opposite wall height and the control flow rate. Further, the limiting position in which the wall jet flow pattern might be maintained was examined.


Techniques are described herein for enhancing Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) in network fabrics by dynamically assigning Secure Group Tags (SGTs) based on the stream configuration in a TSN controller. The TSN controller communicates stream details to a policy engine which creates a policy and assigns an SGT for the stream. The TSN controller pushes regular stream scheduling to the network switches, but also pushes a function that maps the stream identification based on the multicast Media Access Control (MAC) to a specific SGT. The TSN stream is now protected by the correct SGTs end-toend. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Many industrial networks (e.g., manufacturing, oil and gas, utilities, etc.) use time sensitive applications where end-to-end latency must not only be minimized, but must also be predictable. In light of this, IEEE 802.1 Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) has been developed for industrial applications. TSN is a scheduling mechanism where each node along the path is presented with a transmission schedule for a particular application stream. User are increasingly benefiting from overlay technologies in Operational Technology (OT), such as Software-Defined Access (SDA). A key component of SDA is Secure Group Tags (SGTs), a technology used to create logical groupings of devices. SGTs have the advantage of decoupling access control mechanisms from fixed definitions such as Media Access Control (MAC) / Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs), which is highly desirable in dynamic environments such as mining or oil and gas. SGTs are typically used by switches, routers, and firewalls to establish access control and to make forwarding decisions. However, there are many limitations with this technology in industrial environments. For example, today SGTs (and SDAs in general) are not compatible with TSN, meaning there is a roadblock to deploying Software Defined Networking (SDN) fabrics in industrial environments. 2 Seewald and Barton: INTEGRATED SECURITY-TAGGING FOR DETERMINISTIC ETHERNET Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2019 2 5800 Accordingly, techniques described herein provide a mechanism to apply SGT as an integral part of the stream configuration process in TSN. Because TSN networks are fully scheduled networks, a network controller is used to configure streams (providing the schedules) in end-stations (devices) and network components (switches). SGTs are combined with a stream configuration in the process of TSN configuration. Stream configuration is based on the definitions and calculations provided by a network controller. Combining the stream configuration with the process of applying the SGT enables end-toend security in a granular manner from the beginning. A security framework may be integrated with the network controller used in the scope of TSN. The following example method uses a security framework / policy engine. First, the application scheduling requirements are configured by an administrator in the Central User Configuration (CUC). Second, the TSN network controller is integrated with the policy engine (via an Application Programming Interface (API)), which is the policy engine that defines the SGTs. The network controller calculates the network definitions (schedules, streams) and provides the results to the policy engine. Third, based on existing network policies in the policy engine and the configuration data (the path through the TSNenabled network provided by the network controller), the policy engine applies an SGT to the definitions and returns the results to the network controller. Fourth, the network controller holds all information to configure TSN streams in the underlying network. Thus, the network controller communicates TSN configuration details to the endpoints and the TSN switches in the network. The network controller is now responsible for providing the SGT configuration along with the TSN stream details. TSN streams are defined based on multicast MAC addresses and VLANs. In essence, the network controller is pushing a mechanism to the switches where TSN streams are authorized on ingress to the switch, and the correct SGT is automatically applied. In addition, the SGTs provided by the policy engine allow fine-granular segmentation of the underlying industrial control network. Stream configuration and tagging is executed in one process, highly automated and fully integrated. Fifth, the configuration is also provided to the TSN end-stations (e.g., Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices) as well as the other network components (e.g., switches) in the TSN network, to ensure the stream is correctly scheduled. As a result, the TSN 3 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 1969 [2019] https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/1969 3 5800 network is fully configured in terms of TSN streams and regarding SGTs. This provides not only granularity in access control and segmentation but also protection from attacks on the network (e.g., Denial of Service (DoS)) and/or misconfigured (babbling) devices. Figure 1 below provides an example overview.


Natural resources such as land, air, and water lay a critical foundation for the sustainable development of an urban community. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most developed and rapidly developing regions in China, with abundant natural resources in water, intertidal zones, aquatic products, and a significant coastal estuary habitat. The PRD also covers two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macao) and two Special Economic Zones (Shenzhen and Zhuhai), critically positioning it domestically and abroad. However, the increasing development of the economy has put pressure on the security of its water resources. These resources have sharply deteriorated in the PRD as the result of a mass and unordered overuse of water and soil resources and the lack of coordinated efforts among different functional departments. Various problems related to the water environment (such as flooding, rapid development of the deposition, water pollution, saltwater intrusion, and waterway atrophy) have directly threatened the social stability, sustainable development of the economy, and the supply of water in the region. To date, the population affected by a shortage of high-quality water has reached 16 million due to pollution of the water supply source in Guangdong province. At this time, the water pollution in the PRD has resulted in ever-increasing economic and environmental losses. Pollution coverage includes Hong Kong, Macao, and Guangdong and, because governmental functions and scientific technologies among these regions differ, there is little in the way of efficient, cooperative efforts to fully make use of their individual advantages to protect the water environment in the PRD. Moreover, the diversity and complexity of the problems even interfere with the abilities of functional departments within one region (e.g., flood prevention, pollution abatement, and channel maintenance) to make decisions and formulate protection policies using advanced spatial technologies such as remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS). Consequently, the water environment in the PRD lacks unified and synergistic operations, and water resource protection is restricted to satisfying the demands of economic development and the requirements of sustainable development.


Several anatomical and ultrastructural features, as well as some related physiological parameters, have been studied in green and white sectors of Scindapsus aureus variegated leaves. Incidence of structural variations in dark respiration rates of leaves also has been considered. Total chlorophyll content of white sectors is about 2% that of green ones. Dark respiration rate in white sectors is about half that measured in green sectors. There are no differences anatomically between both types of sectors. Plastid number and plastid long axis length are greater in green than in white sectors. Such differences explain why the plastid area to leaf area ratio in white sectors is about half that of green sectors. This ratio has been related to differences in dark respiration rate between green and white sectors. Mutant plastids are typical photobleaching mutants. There seems to be a good correspondence with Knoth's model for plastid degeneration. Mutant plastids have an extensive system of peripheral reticula.


This chapter examines Celso Cesare Moreno's role in the political crisis that culminated in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. It first provides a background on the history of the Kingdom of Hawaii and describes its political situation upon Moreno's arrival in 1879. It then considers Moreno's alliance with David Kalākaua, king of Hawaii, and how the animosity between Moreno and the American ambassador, James M. Comly, helped precipitate a political upheaval in the kingdom. It also discusses Moreno's attempt to secure a subsidy from the Kingdom for his steamship line, the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company (CMSNC), before concluding with an analysis of the constitutional crisis that erupted in 1880 after Kalākaua suspended the legislature, formed a new cabinet, and appointed Moreno prime minister and minister of foreign affairs.


In a randomized trial, Bystrova et al. examined the traditional neonatal practice of swaddling. They demonstrated that extended skin‐to‐skin contact with the mother is the most effective way to maintain the infant's temperature and decrease the "stress of being born".


To address the ever increasing demand for wireless bandwidth, cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have been proposed to improve the efficiency of channel utilization. CRN permits unlicensed users to utilize the idle spectrum as long as it does not introduce interference to the primary users due to the Federal Communications Commission's recent regulatory policies. In this paper, we first identify some required distinctive security and privacy features for CRNs focused on ECMA-392, which is the first industrial standard for personal or portable devices in the television white spaces. After that, we propose a delegation based user authentication framework as a basic security and privacy module with full consideration of the required features over CRNs. The proposed framework provides privacy preserving yet accountable security within the CRN entities. Security and privacy analyses show that the proposed framework supports unlinkability, context privacy, anonymity, no registration and conditional traceability, which are the required security and privacy aspects in CRNs.


AlGaAs/GaAs double heterostructure laser diodes have been fabricated on Si substrates using GaP/(GaP/GaAsP) superlattice/(GaAsP/GaAs) superlattice intermediate layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. A threshold current density at 16.5 °C and a characteristic temperature T0 of 4.9 kA/cm2 and 179 K respectively have been obtained for the diode on Si substrate.


The new era endows home-based care for the aged the mission to improve pension system,innovate pension mechanism and upgrade the quality of life and living of the aged. In the context of the surging,diversified and personalized demands for pension,the authors,consulting the practice of home-based care for the aged in Dalian Central Hospital,put forw ard a feasible model of home-based care for the aged,combining medicine w ith pension. They also discuss the present situation and plans for future development of the model.


Starting from (R,R)-tartaric acid we have synthesized eight N- and N,N-(di-)alkyl dicarbohydrazides 3 and 4, by two general methods, which were able to form two M2L and ML complexes. These target compounds were further used as model nitrogen ligands coordinating Cu 2+ ions. Whereas the formation of the first type of complexes is linearly dependent on the increasing electron-donating ability of the appended alkyls, the ML complexes were significantly affected by both electronic and steric effects of the alkyl groups used. These observations were supported by theoretical calculations of both complex types. The target compounds were also employed as chiral nitrogen ligands in the asymmetric version of the Henry reaction. Modest chemical yields and low enantioselectivities were attained for ligand 3a bearing one methyl group on each terminal nitrogen atom. Structure-property relationships were also evaluated to gain useful guidelines for ligand design targeting catalysts for asymmetric reactions.


With the reduced IC design times provided by today's DA tools, it is no longer sufficient for the tools to end with a set of masks and a tester program; they must also participate in the design of associated electronic packaging technologies. The increased performance of today's IC's also demands new, high-performance packaging technologies if the speed of the chips is to be utilized effectively at the system level.
However, can these goals be achieved at low added cost to the system? 'Flip-chip,' solder-bump, and tab-attach substrates, high-density multi-chip boards, and wafer-scale interconnect present many new challenges to present CAD technologies.
Multi-layer place-and-route at IC densities, modeling and analysis of transmission-line effects, noise problems and the supply of clean power across the system are just a few of the new challenges facing the DA engineer. In addition, mechanical stress and vibration analysis, as well as thermal analysis techniques, are of increasing importance.


The sluggishness of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the Pt surface at the cathode and the accompanying large amounts of Pt necessary to fabricate a single cell have been significant drawbacks in the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Numerous strategies have been reported for either controlling the electronic structure of the catalyst favorable to oxygen reduction or enlarging the surface area of the catalyst by revealing a specific surface crystalline plane, controlling the nanostructure, making a transition metal alloy, or controlling the particle size and dispersion. However, in spite of the significant enhancement in the ORR activity, most of the novel nanostructured electrocatalysts can hardly be used in membrane electrode assembly due to difficulties in complex synthesis and in fabricating supported catalysts on carbon. Therefore, Pt-based alloy catalysts on carbon are a promising candidate to replace the pure platinum catalyst in the near future. However, there are barriers to the application such Pt alloy catalysts, such as dissolution of the second metal and the different reducing speed of ions during synthesis due to the different reduction potentials. Studies attempting to overcome the latter problem have focused on adding various types of stabilizer to balance the different reducing speeds. However, there are numerous candidate transition metals for making Ptbased alloy catalysts including Co, Fe, Ni, and Y. Finding an optimal stabilizer to make these alloys more effectively, i.e., the alloy content, particle size/size distribution, and dispersion on carbon, is a very important prerequisite in the development of an alloy catalyst for PEMFCs. We have recently reported that the PtCo/C alloy catalyst synthesized in the presence of CTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, C19H42BrN) as a stabilizer exhibited twice the mass activity toward ORR compared to commercial Pt/C, which is superior to other stabilizer-mediated synthesized PtCo/C catalysts. In this study, as a part of the attempts to find a suitable stabilizer for the synthesis of other Pt-transition metal alloy catalysts, we investigated the use of a series of stabilizers in the synthesis of PtFe/C. We consider that the study results will support the discovery of a universal and effective stabilizer for alloying many transition metals with Pt. Such a stabilizer will support the development of a Ptbased binary alloy, as well as ternary alloy catalysts with an activity significantly enhanced compared to that of the binary alloy catalyst. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis results of the PtFe/C catalysts synthesized with various surfactants are depicted in Figure 1(b) to (d), in comparison with commercial 40% Pt/C catalyst (a). The stabilizers were added to give a content equivalent to 5 times the total molar content of Pt and Fe ions. Since any residual stabilizer on the catalyst surface after synthesis deteriorates the activity of the catalysts by blocking the surface, all PtFe/C catalysts were heat treated to remove the stabilizers from the catalyst surface at either 250 C (CTAB and TOAB (tetraoctylammonium bromide, C32H68BrN)) or 350 C (OAM, oleylamine, C18H37N), where these temperatures were predetermined from temperature-programmed reduction. The particle size and size distribution of each catalyst have different aspects. In the case of the commercial Pt/C catalyst (Fig. 1(a)), the Pt nanoparticles of diameter 1 to 5 nm were well


Starting with the structural design,the performance character of PCXK 1016 was analyzed,and according to all the certain performance parameters in production practice,this kind of machine was proved to achieve design requirements completely and solve the contradiction problems between discharging-material size and capacity of the old conventional hammer-crusher and the ring-hammer crusher.The various performances of this machine are superior.


A rigorous field theory analysis is presented for cross-irises in rectangular waveguides, as well as for cross-iris coupled rectangular waveguide resonators. Arbitrary iris location, unequal E-and H-plane cross size and finite thickness are rigorously taken into account. The scattering parameters of a cross-iris coupled one-resonator filter in the waveguide Ku-band (12-18 GHz) are presented as a calculation example. The theory is verified by comparison with available data for cut-off frequencies, as well as with measurements.<<ETX>>


Interferometer fiber optic gyros (I-FOGs) have already developed application in various field. TO have higher resolution, however, it is still required to reduce noices. Fluctuation of temperature distribution in sensing fiber coil is one of the dominant noise factor in FOGs. A countermeasure against the drift is specisl coil winding. To get superior performance, however, gyro output compensation with monitored temperature is still needed. In resonatoir FOG (R-FOG), on the other hand, the sensing fiber coil is very short. Then, it is expected that the drift can be reduced. In this paper, we derive an equation describing the drift due to the time variant temperature distribution for R-Fog. By using the equation we calculated the drift both in I-FOG and R-FOG, and compare them. It is shown that the drift in R-fog become much smaller than I-FOG when adopting a special coil winding.


In 1998, following Soeharto's demise, Indonesia underwent a transition from authoritarian rule amidst much anticipation but no small amoun of concern.1 Thankfully, in the intervening years, it has now become th
world's third largest democracy.2 Yet, how and why the archipelago's democratic institutions became established and accepted remain difficu questions to answer. Indeed, some influential commentators voice legitimate concern about oligarchic reorganization within the new framework of democratic institutions.3 They see the ability of Soeharto-era predato interests to secure new political allies as, effectively, emasculating institution and policy reform.4 From this perspective, there has been a hijacking of the consolidation process. Highlighting these trends is an undoubtedly important task. But is it accurate to conclude that the kind of democracy establishing itself is more akin to a re-instatement of powerful constellations of state and politico-business oligarchs through new institutions? Arriving at such a conclusion would seem to rely too heavily on understanding transition dynamics as a causally contingent struggle between salient socio-economic forces.


During the 1990s social crime prevention (aiming at addressing the root causes of crime) was an important inspiring concept in crime prevention discourse, policy and professional practice in many Western European countries. Does this hold true for the first decade of the 21st century ? Is social crime prevention still a central concept in European scientific discourse ? Is there in the recent developments of prevention, safety and security policies in Europe still a place for social crime prevention ? Which kind of social causes of crime are actually tackled in social crime prevention ? How did professionals committed to social crime prevention react to the recent changes affecting the welfare state ? Are we confronted with the same trends in different European countries or can we detect some similarities and differences between the countries? These are some of the questions explored in this volume through the contributions of leading experts from twelve countries of Northern, Southern, Western and Eastern Europe. Furthermore the editors draw some comparative lines regarding the evolution of social crime prevention discourses, policies and practices across the twelve countries.


The spectrum of the free space is double degenerated. One of the possible eigenmodes bases is right- and left-handed circularly polarized plane waves. All classical bulk optics is based on this fact, e.g. polarizers and interferometers. Surface eigenmodes can be degenerated only for several fixed frequencies. This work focuses on the development of a metasurface design, which enables to support the broadband degeneracy of surface eigenmodes spectrum. The final results can become the significant milestone towards the switching to flat optics.


In 1992, American linguist Johanna Nichols introduced a new method of detecting typological patterns at great time depths, based on the morphological analysis and cross-linguistic comparisons of several structural types and grammatical categories (Nichols 1992). She claimed that her method reveals patterns that may go back as far as the initial modern human colonization of the globe, and she set up a preliminary model of early linguistic spread. Has Nichols taken a ground-breaking step towards a greater understanding of our distant linguistic past? And how can we test this? Towards the end of her book, Nichols 1992:263-65 calls for an analysis of 'critical' languages which are in a unique position to fill the gaps in her study and thus essential to our understanding of global linguistic prehistory. Using Nichols' method as a testing model, this article highlights one such critical language group – the Andamanese language family, spoken by the indigenous Negrito population on the Andaman Islands, in the Bay of Bengal – in an effort to shed further light on the distant linguistic past of our species. (Less)


Corporal punishment has long been the most common form of punishment in South African schools. Its widespread use undoubtedly influenced constructions of masculinity.


By depositing inter-digital transducer (IDT) electrodes on piezoelectric crystals, White and Voltmer [1] successfully generated surface acoustic waves (SAW) on the surface of these piezoelectric crystals and produced the first SAW device in 1965, which resulted in the extensive applications of SAW devices in the past forty years. Among numerous piezoelectric materials, lead zirconium titanate (PZT) has great potentials for SAW device applications due to its superior properties of high surface phase velocity, excellent dielectric and ferroelectric properties, high piezoelectric coefficients, and high electromechanical coupling coefficient. It is widely applied in passive devices including pressure sensors, accelerometers, micro-actuators, biochips, surface acoustic wave devices [2,3]. Due to their high sensitivity, PZT SAW devices have been utilized in communication devices as well as all kinds of sensors including biosensors [3,4]. In this paper, the fabrication of PZT thick films and PZT SAW devices with sub-micron IDT electrodes by the micro-powder-sol-gel method is reported. The results of utilizing these PZT SAW devices as biosensors for the detection of human IgG biomolecules are also reported, with the bio-sensing performance of these PZT SAW biosensors being compared with that of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensors under the same immobilization and sensing conditions.


Land Suitability Assessment(LSA) is operating to prevent unplanned development of non-urbanized area and lead balance of development and conservation. But various problems of LSA are appeared because there aren't enough experience of operation. Especially, the need of improving assesment methods is brought up. The purpose of this study is to show the new classification methods in LSA. Therefore, in this study we compared and analyzed land suitability grades between applied and unapplied conservative priority grade in a case area. The result of this study showed that it would happen to be the skewed grade in the conservation area in the case of general grading method. We reached the reasonable result that, in the classification, the assesment without conservative priority grade is more balanced than the standing rules. So the new ways excepted conservative priority grading will be useful in the autonomy that has many conservation area like a restrict zone.


As for a kind of medical images with clear texture feature, a new lossless compressive method is presented in this paper. With two main steps, the method firstly sets up the predictive model of the current pixel with its surrounding texture features, including its four color change gradients; and then measures the similarity of all pixels within the image with their predictive models so that the redundancy brought about by the similarity is removed and a higher compression ratio is obtained. The following simulation results show that the new method is much more efficient than JPEG-LS algorithm in the compression of such kinds of medical images


A volatile corrosion inhibitor composition (I) containing a component (A1): at least one compound selected from the group comprising non-volatile amine salts that are solids at normal temperature (except amine nitrites) and non-volatile ammonium salts that are solids at normal temperature; a component (B1): an alkaline substance that is a solid at normal temperature; and a component (C1): a desiccant component that is a solid at normal temperature, in an amount of 0-20 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of component (A1); and a corrosion inhibitor composition (II) containing a component (C2): a desiccant component that is a solid at normal temperature, are obtained. The volatile corrosion inhibitor composition (I) and the corrosion inhibitor composition (II), separated by a partition, are accommodated within a single breathable, non-water-permeable bag having a moisture permeability of 1,000-20,000 g • m -2 24 Hr -1 to obtain a volatile corrosion inhibitor. By placing the volatile corrosion inhibitor in a bag in which a metal product is accommodated, corrosion of the metal product within the bag when stored in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment is prevented.


Segregation patterns of particles of di/erent sizes in a moving bed were theoreticallyanalyzed bya penetration model. Flow experiments with a two-dimensional hopper veri3ed the derived equations in combination with those in the 3lling of the hopper. The segregating component was revealed to be more unevenlydistributed inside the moving bed of wider cone angle at lower feed rate and lower initial mixing ratio as a result of prevalent segregation during heaping on the top of the moving bed. The steeper velocitypro3le inside the moving bed resulted in a bit more uneven distribution of the segregating component in the angular direction. In general, the segregation pro3le graduallybecame smooth during descent of the particle mixture inside the hopper due to particle penetration in the gravitational direction. ? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Assessment of a worker's strength is of great interest when evaluating the worker's ability to safely perform a job. Many previous studies have shown that surface electromyogram EMG amplitudes correlate well with muscle force. The present study furthered this concept by using EMG power spectra to achieve a quantified representation of true strength capability. Two groups of male subjects performed isometric elbow flexions while EMG was obtained from the right belly of biceps brachii. One group exercised their arms regularly while the other not. Six different levels of graded maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) were selected to examine the relations between muscle tension and the mean power frequency (MPF) resulting from EMG power spectra. Resultant MPF's ranged between 50Hz and 70Hz in agreement with previous research results. Two-way ANOVA showed that, in the trained group, a significant increase in the MPF was found at near maximum contractions, whereas the other group failed to show any difference. Further analysis revealed that this increase in MPF was mainly caused by the power increase in the higher bandwidth (70—100Hz). A significant variation between subjects in both groups was also observed.


PURPOSE: An apparatus for creating enterprise Java bean based on a class diagram and a method for the same are provided to reduce software development time and cost by making it more natural to design and implement software development based on component, and by decreasing an error that is generated by handwork. CONSTITUTION: A class diagram input part(301) receives a written class diagram. An inheritance relation process part(302) removes inheritance relation, which exists between classes of class diagrams inputted into the class diagram input part(301). An enterprise Java bean extraction part(303) extracts an entity bean and a session bean from the class diagram from which the inheritance relation has removed. An enterprise Java bean interface creating part(304) creates a remote interface and a home interface of the enterprise Java bean extracted by the enterprise Java bean extraction part(303). An enterprise Java bean grouping process part(305) packages the enterprise Java beans having the interfaces. A facade pattern application part(306) applies a facade pattern in order to provide a single interface to the enterprise Java beans grouped by the enterprise Java bean grouping process part(305).


The three-dimensional ionic implantation technique (3DII) is used to modify the surface of solid metal by electric discharges pulsed of high voltage at low pressures. Knowing the density of ions implanted in the surface of a functional element, in a faster and estimated way, will help to optimize the surface treatment technique. Therefore, a web application was developed which from experimental parameters established in a process 3DII estimates the concentration of ions implanted in solid metal substrates. The results obtained in this research work demonstrate the feasibility of the computational web tool to perfect the experiments of surface modification by ion implantation.


This study aims to look at the development of "Islamic Marketing" research around the world and research plans that can be carried out based on journals published on the theme. This research uses a qualitative method with a bibliometric analysis approach. The data used is secondary data with the theme "Islamic Marketing" which comes from the Scopus database with a total of 885 journal articles. Then, the data is processed and analyzed using the VosViewer application with the aim of knowing the bibliometric map of "Islamic Marketing" research development in the world. The results of the study found that in bibliometric author mapping the authors who published the most research on the theme of "Islamic Marketing" were El-Bassiouny N; Islami M.M; Alserhan B.A; Junaidi J; Kadirov D; Javari A; Marinov M; Henderson J.C; Sayuti K.M.; Amin H; El-Gohary H.; Eid R; Wilson J.A.J.; Hollensen S; Yassim M; Tieman M; Bran T; and Haq F.; Wong H.Y.. Furthermore, based on bibliometric keyword mapping, there are 3 clusters that can be a research path with topics related to (1)Islamic Marketing and Its Impact on the Business, Consumption and Tourism Industries, (2)Banking Industry and Islamic Marketing and (3)Islamic Marketing and Customer Loyalty. The most used words are market, customer, consumer, Islamic marketing, Islamic bank, service, religiosity, and Muslim consumer.


For over a decade, several Army War College (USAWC) colleagues have run a simple exercise with their students. Students are asked to think of the general officers and flag officers (GO/FO) with whom they have directly worked or have only one degree of separation – GO/FOs with which each student is very familiar. Based on receiving a notional phone call offering an assignment with that GO/FO, students then place each senior leader into one of four mutually exclusive buckets aligned with four responses.


The present invention carbon monoxide is irradiated with far infrared rays with a substance irradiating far infrared rays in maintaining the freshness of foods caused in the oxygen and packing material remaining or pass the new inside the food storage container or packaging materials made by using a specific zeolite with to, to about the functional plastic products manufactured by using the ceramic composition to effectively adsorb and remove carbon dioxide, (1) (a) Synthesis of the pore size of zeolite A type 3~5A 1.5 to 20 parts by weight, (B) particle size of the 0.5-5㎛ illite, sericite (sericite), vermiculite (vemicurite), material on the yellow earth, china clay, charcoal, olivine, jade, serpentine, one to two kinds selected from germanium and elvan stone 1,5 10 parts by weight, and (C) the particle size is composed of any silver-based antibiotic substance 0.2-0.5 weight, the 0.5~5㎛ ceramic composition 3-30 weight, and (2) mixing the plastic resin 70-97 jungryangreul there is provided a plastic product made of a resin composition obtained. In the present invention, it can be prepared illite and functional Plastics by using a composite material in a particular zeolite has a particular pore size but also advantageous in processing a non-toxic clay that effectively maintain the freshness.


Abstract. Nowadays, optical designers often use multiprocessor workstations for the virtual prototyping of complex optical systems. Modern workstations may have several CPUs with up to 128 virtual cores each and a non-uniform access speed to different memory areas. Effective implementation of virtual prototyping methods and algorithms requires the development of special methods for efficient algorithm parallelization and shared memory access. As a basis for the virtual prototyping, we proposed a progressive backward photon mapping method that allows for reducing the amount of data used by photon maps, speeding up the luminance calculation process, and estimating the luminance errors for the resulting image. The main algorithmic complexity of this method is the need to synchronize data when calculating and accumulating the luminance of indirect and caustic illumination. The authors propose the three-level semi-synchronous parallelization method, which consists of fully synchronous, semi-synchronous, and asynchronous levels with illumination processing effectively distributed among the computation threads. The main benefit of the developed method is that it does not require additional synchronization when accumulating luminance, thus increasing the image synthesis speed. The designed three-level method can also be used in distributed systems with good scalability. The results obtained with virtual prototypes of complex optical systems are presented.


Abstract : A four-phase test program was conducted using Halons 1011 (CB), 1211, 1301, and Halon Foam to determine which of the latter three would be a suitable replacement for 1011. The four phases consisted of determining agent concentraton in fixed volumes under quiescent and ventilated conditions; agent decomposition products analysis under these same conditions, but with a four pound cotton fire load; agent throw range; and agent effective range against class A and B fires. Within the constraints of this program, 1211 was the most effective agent during effective range testing and 1011 the least effective. (Author)


As important economic traits of agricultural ruminants, lactation traits have a large number of phenotypic determination indices, and the identification methods of these indices are varied and complex. This study reviews the methods for determining the important lactation traits in agricultural ruminants of China to breed and improve the dairy animal germplasm resources with Chinese characteristics and to create new gene resources with excellent milk yield and quality. This review details the determination methods and research progress on the main lactation traits in the following four aspects: determination indices and methods of conventional lactation traits and unique milk composition traits, mid-infrared spectroscopy, and a brief introduction of the characteristic dairy species.


This paper describes a numerical methodology to simulate the dynamic structural behaviour a double hull tanker in collision with another ship. A total of four simulations were carried out. The midship section of the struck ship and ship speeds were varied for two types of striking ship. Collisions were assumed to occur at the middle of the VLCC with the striking ships moving at a right angle to the VLCC centre line. The water around the VLCC was modelled with an Eulerian finite volume mesh. The behaviour of different structural members during failure as well as the energy absorption mechanism was clarified. The effect of the striking ship speed on the behaviour of the side structure of the VLCC was also investigated. Information obtained from these simulations may be used as a basis to optimize side structures of double hull VLCCs.


In this work, we propose using edge computing and caching to enhance wireless communications in terms of bandwidth and delay by leveraging concept of mobile 3C systems (communications, computing, and caching). First we argue that without leveraging concepts of edge computing and caching, the huge burden of data transmission and processing necessary for smart city applications and concept is going to exhaust the current wireless infrastructure. Then we demonstrate the need to merge edge computing with caching to enhance wireless communication needed for massive data collection in smart cities. To address the security concerns of using IoT in smart cities, we propose using a blockchain database to secure communication between the smart city and home devices and sensors. This will provide the scalability that is necessary for data transfer between the massive number of nodes in IoT that current security protocols do not provide.


periment, 4-14C-6-dehydroprogesterone was prepared from 4-IT-progesterone and was administered to rabbits to analyze the urinary metabolites and to study the effect of 6: 7 double bond on the reduction of 4: 5 double bond during the metabolic process. Urine was collected from rabbits which received 1.26pc (81.1 mg) of 6-dehydro-progesterone. Daily excretion of radioactivities in urine is illustrated in Fig. 1. Extraction of radioactive metabolites was carried out as done in the previous experiment. A large proportion of urinary radioactivities was found to be conjugated with glucuronic acid as shown in Table 2. The extracts were adsorbed on alumina with benzene and eluted stepwise with increasing concentration of methanol in benzene. A main metabolite eluted with 0.3% methanol in benzene was purified by paperchromatography in ligroin-80% methanol system. This compound was identified as 20a-hydroxypregn-4,6-diene-3-one from the chromatographic mobilities, sulfuric acid chormogen spectrum, UV absorption spectrum and several chemical reactivities as induicated in Fig. 4. The compounds eluted with 1-5% methanol in benzene were chormatographed on paper in Bush B5. Two radioactive metabolites, Comp. 1 and Comp. 2 were separated on paper. These two compounds both had UV absorption maximum at 285 mp in methanol indicating the presence of 44'63-one structure. These experimental data were all very similar to those obtained with 6-dehydro-retroprogesterone in the previous experiment. It could be concluded from the data, that introduction of double bond at C6-7 to 44-3-ketosteroid resulted in the stability of 44-double bond during the course of the metabloism in vivo. Possible mechanism of the stability of the 44'6-double bond in vivo was discussed. (pp. 885-,-888)


WJ-MSCs are mesenchymal stem cells derived from WJ portion of the umbilical cord. These cells are known for their easy availability without ethical issues, immunosuppressive nature, and high proliferation potential. These properties make them a potential source for clinical as well as research purposes. We have optimised a cryoprotectant solution i.e. 10% DMSO+0.2M sucrose for cryopreservation of umbilical cord tissue pieces. WJ-MSCs derived from these cryopreserved tissue pieces were found to retain the basic characteristics of MSCs i.e. they were plastic adherent in nature, maintained similar morphology and surface marker antigens as that MSCs derived from fresh tissue. No difference was seen in the chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiated WJ-MSCs obtained from the cryopreserved culture vs. fresh culture (from early and late passage WJ-MSCs).

We have seen the presence and localisation of NMIIA and NMIIB in WJ-MSCs. Scratch wound healing assay and time lapse video analysis revealed that blebbistatin treated cells took longer to migrate than control WJ-MSCs. Analysis of cell adhesion and extracellular molecules showed that 14 genes were upregulated and 4 genes were downregulated. This also supports our live cell imaging data.

If we get an idea that how cytoskeleton plays role in differentiation this will help us in designing methods in which we can efficiently differentiate the MSCs and this will help us in treatment of many diseases related to cartilage.


"Person-in-the-barrel" syndrome is a descriptive term for bilateral arm (brachial) paresis in the absence of lower extremity (crural) weakness or bulbar (medullary) weakness. This phenomenon is associated with various descriptive terms such as "distal field infarction", "flail limbs", and "cruciate paralysis". Arriving at a specific diagnosis is a fascinating exercise in anatomical localization. Strategic lesions involving the watershed zones of the motor frontal lobes and the pyramidal decussation at the cervico-medullary junction are the classic sites of injury. However, peripheral causes such as motor neuron disease, mononeuritis multiplex (vasculitis), bilateral brachial plexopathy, and critical illness myopathy have been sporadically reported and can stochastically inflict the motor nerves or muscles of the upper extremities. In this report, we present a case of vasculitis with weakness restricted to the upper extremities and also delve into the neuropathological mechanisms of "person-in-the-barrel" syndrome.


Absorbance is a key characteristic of photoresists that can limit resolution, wall angle, and practical resist film thicknesses. Currently, however, there is limited data for absorbance of resists at EUV (13.5 nm) wavelengths. The most common way of estimating the absorbance of materials at EUV wavelengths is to use an experimentally measured value of density along with stoichiometric chemical information of the material in a theoretical calculation such as that available through the Center for X-Ray Optics at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory website.1 However, there is limited validation of these estimates for photoresists. The paper will compare calculations using density measurements of EUV-2D by a variety of methods: traditional weight measurements and Specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR) to determine density; and against grazing incidence and normal incidence reflectivity measurements to determine absorbance directly. It will be shown that inaccurate density measurements can result in 10% or greater absorbance estimates from the calculations. Based on the results, recommendations will be made for measurement techniques and accurate density based calculations of photoresist absorbance.


ABSTRACT The application of total quality management (TQM) by contract foodservices has derived mainly from serving client organizations already involved in the TQM process. In this paper, we will examine how TQM is being applied in some of the country's leading contract foodservice companies, compare and contrast their approaches and discuss guideline for successful implementation of TQM.


More than half a billion Muslim women are living in 45 Muslim majority countries and more than 30 countries have a significant Muslim minority population. "Muslim women aged between 15 to 64 make [up] about 8% of the world's total population." Muslim women and girls of all ages make up approximately 12% of the world's 7.3 billion population as of 2015 (Enriquez, 2016). According to Pew Research Center projections, "Muslims are the fastest-growing religious group in the world" (Lipka, 2017). Due to their sheer number, it is obvious that Muslim women can play a significant role in the development of their economies and societies…


. The concatenation method, recently applied to the study of solvability and hypoellipticity of linear partial differential equations with double characteristics, is used to show that uniqueness in the Cauchy problem, for certain degenerate hyperbolic equations, depends on whether the lower order terms (precisely, the subprincipal part) assume or not certain values belonging to a sequence of complex numbers»


The microcirculation is generally defined as vessels 200 m in diameter, which are not visualized on coronary angiography. Flow through the microvasculature is therefore generally measured using noninvasive techniques. One of these techniques is myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE), which has provided important new pathophysiological insights into acute myocardial ischemia. In this article, we shall discuss these insights in both stress-induced ischemia and spontaneously occurring ischemia. We shall also discuss other important issues such as collateral blood flow, myocardial viability, ischemia-reperfusion–induced myocardial injury, and evolving treatment strategies aimed at preserving microvascular flow and function in acute myocardial ischemia. There is 45 mL of blood in the adult human coronary circulation (termed coronary blood volume), of which about one-third resides in the arterial, venous, and capillary networks each.1 At baseline, 8% of the left ventricular (LV) mass is constituted by blood present in the microcirculation, 90% of which is in the capillaries—termed myocardial blood volume (MBV) (Figure 1).2 The velocity of blood in the coronary vessels is related to the size of the vessels, and at the level of the capillary (mean length 0.5 mm and mean diameter 7 m), the mean red cell velocity at rest is 1 mm · s .2 There are 8 million capillaries in the human heart, and it takes 1 mL of blood 1 year to travel through a single capillary.2 The microcirculation not only consists of a channel of passive networks through which blood is transported through the myocardium, but is an active site of blood flow control as well as metabolic activity. Indeed, the regulation of flow through these networks is complicated and depends on a number of metabolic, myogenic, and other control mechanisms. The capillary hydrostatic pressure is held constant within the myocardium at all times at 30 mm Hg, with the preand postcapillary pressures at 45 and 15 mm Hg, respectively.3 The coronary arterioles (ranging in size from 150 to 300 m) act as resistance vessels so that the aortic pressure (mean 90 mm Hg) is brought down to a precapillary pressure of 45 mm Hg. The arterioles have smooth muscles with a strong and immediate myogenic response such that the arteriolar resistance can change second to second to keep the precapillary pressure constant (autoregulation). Coronary venules also have weak myogenic responses, and they also control local resistance by changing the rheological properties of blood. In addition, the venules are the site of leukocyte adhesion during inflammation. Their endothelial surfaces express a number of adhesion molecules, whose production is upregulated at different times after the onset of tissue injury.


The paper is derived to development and approbation of laser correlation spectrometer for diagnostics. Main focus of this work is to investigate molecular sizes in blood serum of healthy and sick donors.


The relationship between substance characteristic temperatures: autoignition, melting, flash, boiling is demonstrated and analyzed. Based on the oscillatory and step changes presence, a conclusion was made about the supramolecular structures presence and periodicity in the n-alkanes homologous series. A method for modeling equivalent lengths of peroxide supramolecular structures for predicting the explosion and fire hazard parameters of n-alkanes is proposed. An approximation dependence was developed for predicting autoignition temperatures tai of n-alkanes. It is shown that stoichiometric concentrations of the various supramolecular peroxide structures formation accord to different flammability and explosion limits. A correlation between tai and Anti-Knock Index (AKI) was established. An approximation dependence was developed for predicting n-alkanes AKI. The detonation propensity index КD was introduced based on cluster supramolecular structures modeling and melting temperatures. It is shown that КD indicator correlates with the n-alkanes AKI and with the explosives detonation velocity. The possibility of taking into account during calculations the supramolecular structures presence at the combustion stage confirms their existence.


doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<19:BMCCIT>2.0.CO;2 2000;28;19-22 Geology Deng Xi-Guang and Wu Cun-Ming Paul Kapp, An Yin, Craig E. Manning, Mike Murphy, T. Mark Harrison, Matthew Spurlin, Ding Lin, reveal deep crustal structure of northern Tibet Blueschist-bearing metamorphic core complexes in the Qiangtang block Email alerting services articles cite this article to receive free e-mail alerts when new www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts click Subscribe to subscribe to Geology www.gsapubs.org/subscriptions/ click Permission request to contact GSA http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/copyrt.htm#gsa click official positions of the Society. citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of


After years of hacking, pruning and trimming, Suharto had the formal political system just as he wanted it.

Every five years the government party Golkar would win the general elections with an absolute majority. Every five years Suharto's tenure was dutifully renewed by the People's Consultative Assembly. Not once did the good President have to endure the indignity of debating a rival candidate.


In order to study the clinical characteristics, time course of 13 cell function and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD65Ab) in Thai patients with adult-onset Type 1 diabetes and to examine the distinctive features between patients with rapid-and slow-onset, 61 Thai patients with Type 1 diabetes who had age of disease onset at or after 20 years were studied. All patients were treated with insulin at the time of study and had fasting C-peptide levels 0.33 nmol/l. Twenty-six (42.6%) were in rapid-onset and 35 (57.4%) were in slow-onset groups. Fourty-four of 61(70.5%) were male. About three-fourths had body mass index (BMI) <19 kgm2 at the time of insulin therapy. Only 7 of 61(11.5%) patients had ketoacidosis at first presentation. Five patients had associated autoimmune thyroid disease and 10 (16.7%) patients had family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives. GAD55Ab was positive in 31 patients (50.8%); 10 (38.5%) were in rapid-onset and 21(60.0%) were in slow-on-set groups. GAD65Ab particularly of high levels were persistently elevated during 3—4 years follow-up period. The persistence of GAD55Ab were not associated with changes in fasting C-peptide levels. At the time of insulin dependency, there were no distinctive clinical features between rapid-and slow-onset patients except higher fasting C-peptide (0.08 0.08 vs. 0.14 0.10 nmol/l; p=0.023) and GAD55Ab levels (19.6± 17.4 vs. 46.1 U/mI; p = 0.036) in slow-onset patients. Fasting C-peptide levels of patients in the latter group were also demonstrated to be higher after 3—4 years of follow-up. In conclusion, most Thai patients with adult-onset Type 1 diabetes in this study were male and had significant degree of weight loss and lean BMI prior to insulin therapy. The presence of GAD65Ab did not predict clinical features or rate of 13 cell loss. Patients in rapid-onset group had lower fasting C-peptide and GAD65Ab levels than those of slow-on-set group which confirms the slower process of 3 cell failure in the latter.


Objective:To analyze the status of emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection(RRTI),reveal the importance of attention on psychological health while paying attention to physical health of children with RRTI.Methods:46 children with RRTI were selected as observation group and surveyed by Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) of psychological test system of Children and adolescents(version 2.0),59 normal healthy children were selected as control group.The detection rates of depression and anxiety and the correlation between depression,anxiety and RRTI,effects of gender,age,anxiety levels of mothers,education levels of mothers,family relationship,economic status on depression and anxiety of children were explored,the anxiety levels of mothers were evaluated by Hamilton Anxiety Scale.Results:The detection rates of depression and anxiety,anxiety level and depression levels in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.05);the anxiety level and depression level in children aged 10~13 years old were significantly higher than those in children aged 7~9 years old(P0.01,P0.05);there was no significant difference in anxiety level and depression level between boys and girls(P0.05);there was a correlation between anxiety level of children with RRTI and anxiety level of mothers(P0.01),there was no correlation between anxiety level,depression level of children and anxiety level,depression level of mothers,education level of mothers,family relationship and economic status.Conclusion:Anxiety level and depression level of children with RRTI are significantly higher than those in normal children,which indicates children with RRTI need more help and supports compared to normal children.


Based on the analysis of traditional BT tool-holder, HSK, KM, BIG- PLUS tool-holder and tools such as system are introduced in detail. The structure characteristics of different high speed tool-holder, the loading process and the application situation are analyzed and compared. The paper points out the main problems and countermeasures in the system of high speed machining, and provides theoretical guidance and reference for enterprises to choose high-speed tool system.


A simple, rapid, indicator-dilution method of estimating cardiac output in small animals using 125I human serum albumin has been developed. The variation of repeat determinations in a single animal was ±10%. The cardiac output in normotensive 250–350 g Wistar male rats was 217 ± 28 (±S.D.) ml/kg min−1. These results agree with others derived by more tedious methods. After the mean arterial blood pressure was reduced to 50 mm Hg for 60 min by hemorrhage the cardiac output declined to 104 ± 40 ml/kg min−1. With this method it is possible to repeat determinations of cardiac output during shock.


— Cellular manufacturing system, an application of group technology, has been considered as an effective way to obtain productivity in a factory. A new multi objective dynamic cell formation with production planning consideration is presented in this paper, where total workload variations, inter-intra cellular movements and the sum of costs consisting machine costs, production planning costs, reconfiguration costs, are to be minimized. Because this type of problem is Np-hard, a multi objective particle swarm optimization is applied to achieve locally Pareto-optimal frontier. Multi objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is compared with a multi objective genetic algorithm, i.e. NSGAII, based on some comparison metrics to show its efficiency. The computational results depict the superiority of MOPSO compared to NSGAII.


Sea cucumber (Trepang) are cosmopolitan, especially in the exposure of
coral reefs, rocky, sandy and muddy. These animal slivein shallow watersto deep
sea. Most of thesea cucumber can be used as a food ingredient because it has a high
nutrient content, but no information about the content of essential fatty acids yet.
This studyaims to determine thediversity ofsea cucumbersthat livealong thebeach
of Dili as well asessential fattyacid content. Sampling was done by purposive
sampling method from the tidal area to a depth of 3m. Research carried out March -
April 2012. The type that obtained, identified by using a Monograph of Shallow
Water Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms. Preparation of fatty acid use traditional
methods of Bligh & Dyer and Morison & Shmith, while for the identification and
determination of essential fatty acid levels were analyzed by gas chromatography
(GC). The results identify the diversity of species of sea cucumbers consist of 12
species:Actinopyga crassa, A. Holothuria atra, H. coluber, H. fuscocinerea, H.
leucospilota, H. scabra, Stichopus herrmanni, S. horrens, S. quadrifasciatus,
Syanpta maculat, and Synaptula cf. denticulata. Analysis diversity of the essential
fatty acids in H. atra, H. scabra, and S. herrmanni