Photovoltaic panels under partial shading conditions influence heavily on output voltage. With higher penetration of renewable energy sources and imposition of stringent grid codes; it is mandatory for the inverters to remain connected for grid support despite of voltage variations on DC bus. This paper, proposes a cascaded connection of modified T-type converter on DC bus with each converter having separate PV source to support the grid even under partial shading. The converter is shown capable of boosting in normal mode and providing auxiliary boost in shoot through mode, providing efficient and wide operating band. The simple modular architecture of the converter with simple control allows plug and play operation, suitable for microgrid. The performance of the proposed converter system interfaced with the grid is simulated for input voltage variations to affirm the efficient and wide band operation to feed power to the grid.


This paper provides an integrative survey of literature on commodity futures markets, on storage and production decisions, and on joint spot and futures price formation under uncertainty. The paper focuses on the risk reallocation role of futures markets. Basic models of futures trading by a competitive, risk-averse firm are enhanced with production and storage decisions in a static and dynamic setting. Through inventories and futures hedging both risk premia and an endogenous convenience yield play a role in the firm's optimisation process. We thus provide a microeconomic foundation for the complementary relationship between the theory of normal backwardation and the theory of supply of storage. Because most futures users operate in an incomplete market setting, special attention is paid to the interaction of production, storage, and hedging determinants, the existence of risk premia and opportunities for diversification of portfolios.


What makes a family? Ask a philosopher, sociologist, biologist – all will have a different answer. Though we all may intuitively feel we understand who our family is, pinpointing why has never been...


T he 46th Annual Meeting of American Pancreatic Association (APA) was held at the Loews Coronado Bay Resort in San Diego, California, on November 4–7, 2015. It was the largest gathering of the society with 509 registrants and 331 abstracts presented from 22 countries. Nearly 40% of the registrants were from overseas. The program is available at the APAwebsite (http://www.american-pancreatic-association. org/index.php/annual-meeting/previous-programs). The abstracts from themeetingwere published inPancreas. One of the key highlights was the announcement that the APA and Japan Pancreas Society (JPS) are now "sister" organizations in recognition of the collaboration between the 2 societies through the years since their joint sponsorship of Pancreas in 1992. Recently, both societies held joint meetings for their 40th and 45th anniversary meetings. In addition, both societies have encouraged extensive scientific collaboration in developing consensus guidelines that provide research and practice platforms related to pancreatic diseases. The premeeting was highlighted by the symposium on the application of molecular diagnostics to pancreatic cancer with a plenary talk by Dr Sanjiv Gambhir on new strategies for the early detection of cancer and Dr Andrew Biankin on what we have learned about clinical actionability in pancreatic cancer. A presentation on lessons in early detection methods learned from other cancers organized by the Kenner Family Research Fund featured presentations on breast cancer by Dr Seema Khan, prostate cancer by DrDaniel Lin, and colon cancer by Dr GrahamLidgard. During themainmeeting, Dr Matthias Hebrok gave the Frank Brooks State of the Art Lecture on Defining Progenitor Cells for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. The Paul Webster Clinical State of the Art Lecture was given by Dr Pramod Garg on the topic of why we have failed in developing a therapy for pancreatitis.


The recent popularity of generative AI (GAI) applications such as ChatGPT portend a new era of research, teaching, and learning across domains, including in engineering (Bubeck et al., 2023; Kasneci et al., 2023; Lo, 2023; Qadir, 2023). In this guest editorial, we discuss the potential impact of GAI for engineering education as researchers and teachers. We see this editorial as the start of a serious dialogue within the community around how GAI can and will change our practices, and what we can do to respond to these shifts. GAI is built on foundational models (FMs) that can be adapted to various other tasks, such as large language models (LLMs), and they operate by learning from many examples and becoming very good at predicting the subsequent probable output or output sequence. Given the abundance of digitized data, they can quickly learn a wide range of topics and respond to user queries almost instantly. Whether engineering a new software application, writing a code snippet to analyze data, designing a product, or composing a cover letter for a job application, GAI users can leverage the power of LLMs to generate outputs that meet their specific needs (UNESCO, 2023). The ability to learn a skill and adapt it to new contexts is a capability that humans have excelled at for a long time. Some would even argue that the competence to learn original things in new environments to tackle novel problems, and teach it to others, is one of the most unique characteristics of our species (Tomasello, 2009). To assist us in this process, we also have the capability to continually create tools and techniques, another distinct trait of humans and central to the engineering profession (Johri, 2022). What, though, is the potential and limit of developing tools and technologies that can mimic and even go beyond what we have conceived of as human intelligence? What potential consequences do technology that can generate novel outputs have for society, especially education in terms of both benefits and harms (Bommasani et al., 2021; Farrokhnia et al., 2023)? What implications does this have for engineering educators (Johri, 2020)? While we discuss how GAI shapes research and teaching practices within engineering education, we recognize that there are additional implications for the use of GAI for self-motivated and sustained learning initiated by learners on their own. That topic is beyond the scope of this editorial and discussed in some detail in the Menekse et al.0s guest editorial in this issue.


We introduce the notion of regular symplectomorphism and graded regular sym- plectomorphism between singular phase spaces. Our main concern is to exhibit examples of unitary torus representations whose symplectic quotients cannot be graded regularly sym- plectomorphic to the quotient of a symplectic representation of a finite group, while the corresponding GIT quotients are smooth. Additionally, we relate the question of simplicial- ness of a torus representation to Gaussian elimination.


The influence of an intense laser field on shallow-donor states in cylindrical GaAs–Ga1−xAlxAs quantum-well wires under an external magnetic field applied along the wire axis is theoretically studied. Numerical calculations are performed in the framework of the effective-mass approximation, and the impurity energies corresponding to the ground state and 2p ± excited states are obtained via a variational procedure. The laser-field effects on the shallow-donor states are considered within the extended dressed-atom approach, which allows one to treat the problem 'impurity + heterostructure + laser field + magnetic field' as a renormalized 'impurity + heterostructure + magnetic field' problem, in which the laser effects are taken into account through a renormalization of both the conduction-band effective mass and fundamental semiconductor gap.


In this study, I use the case of social welfare work to build upon Hartmann's (1976) analysis of sex-based occupational segregation and Braverman's (1974) analysis of the transformation of the labor process under monopoly capitalism in order to demonstrate how patriarchy operates within the work place. Specifically, I show how deskilling in this female-intensive occupation furthered the subordination of women in the social welfare labor process and how the action of women themselves operates to reproduce patriarchal relations on the job. In the concluding section, I draw implications from my study of patriarchy within social welfare work for building towards a more complete understanding of how work-place inequalities are produced and reproduced, regardless of the specific features of the occupation or its workforce.


ABSTRACT Contingent valuation is a common methodology for eliciting preferences for non-market goods under hypothetical scenarios. Bias reduction strategies have been developed when evaluating low-cost realistic policy changes, including cheap-talk scripts, that alert respondents to tendencies to overstate values, and oath scripts, whereby respondents promise to answer valuation questions truthfully. This paper is the first large-scale experimental comparison of cheap-talk and oath commitments, amongst randomly-assigned respondents, in a field-setting using hypothetical voluntary donations. The data come from three general population surveys eliciting willingness to pay (WTP) for cultural institutions in England. We find limited and case-specific evidence regarding the effectiveness of cheap-talk and oath scripts in affecting stated values, which we attribute to realism and low cost of the proposals, which arguably diminishes hypothetical bias and produces realistic WTP values. We find evidence of the depressing effect of entreaty script on WTP or probability of paying in principle in only one of three case studies. Future research should replicate this experimental design with larger sample sizes and on non-voluntary payment mechanisms. Given the inconsistent findings across three large-scale experimental field studies, our recommendation is to include both cheap-talk and oath scripts where possible, and only cheap-talk where survey length is constrained.


The number of high-rise buildings is increasing because of the necessity of efficient land with the rise of land price as well as the symbolic value of such buildings, and the trend is expected to continue in the future. Such a trend resulted in composite structures, and one of them that complies with the trend is structure that uses concrete-filled steel pipes. Concrete-filled steel pipe structure is a rational type of structure that maximizes performance by combining the strong points of steel frame and concrete. In the structure, the confining effect of steel pipes increases the bearing power of infilled concrete and the strengthening of local bucking of steel pipes by infilled concrete increases the bearing power of members, and these result in the reduction of cross-sectional area and high transformation capacity. Moreover, the structure is economically efficient and widely applicable that it is used from super-high buildings to residential, business and apartment buildings. It enables the construction of multi-story buildings with long spans using columns of small cross-sectional area. In case of diaphragm, however, it is difficult to confirm the compactness of the closed inside of steel pipes. The present study examined the properties of super-high strength concrete over 80㎫ by comparing it with 40㎫ concrete through heat conductivity and length change tests based on a mixture ratio satisfying the mixture goal presented in the guideline for the design and construction of concrete-filled steel pipe structure, and evaluated the performance of super-high strength concrete according to the shape and size of the aperture ratio of diaphragm.


Sir William Jowitt, K.C., in opening the case for the British Medical Association, said that the Association approached the matter solely in the public interest. If the public interest conflicted with that of the medical profession, the Association would be the first to say that its own claims must be brushed aside. In this country at the present time there were 2,000-some estimates said 3,000-osteopaths who were unqualified, and 179 who boasted some qualification. The Bill was brought forward on the hypothesis that the unqualified were doing some public harm. The 179 were made up, as to ninety-six, of those who had gone through the British School of Osteopathy at Buckingham Gate, and as to eighty-three, of those who had some American qualification. The proposal in the Bill was that all persons practising osteopathy should come on to a register, admission th-ereto being subject to the conditions laid down in Clause 6. It was for their lordships to consider whether the persons practising osteopathy to-day should be required to submit themselves to an examination. The comparatively recent precedent of the dentists had been cited; there State registration had taken In a large number of persons whose entitlement was solely on the ground of previous practice. The reasons which compelled this course in the case of the dentists, and also in that of the veterinary surgeons, were the insufficiency of qualified persons and the certainty that once the register was established all fresh entrants into the profession would be adequately qualified, and to-day no one could practise dentistry without having gone through the curriculum and obtained registration. The present Bill proposed to establish a register of osteopaths to include a very large number of people who had no qualification beyond the fact of having practised, and many of whom, as the promoters of the Bill averred, had practised in such a way as to constitute some public danger. This might be accepted if it involved the corresponding advantage that hereafter all who practised as osteopaths would be properly trained and qualified. It was here that the case for the Bill broke down.


As life expectancy increases, the Quality of life (QOL) among the elderly becomes an essential topic. This study aimed to determine the QOL and its associating individual and environmental factors among elderly qi gong practitioners in Malaysia. This study utilized a cross-sectional design and a self-administered questionnaire, Google Forms, to measure QOL and its associating factors among elderly respondents from a qi gong association. The EQ-5D questionnaire, IPAQ-M and questions adapted from previously published journal articles were used to collect data from respondents. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0, employing multiple linear regression analysis to determine the significance of the independent variables measured against the QOL among this elderly group. The overall QOL for this group was 0.86±0.10, and this elderly group had a higher QOL when compared to other elderly populations. The multiple linear regression model showed that QOL was positively influenced by moderate physical activity level, with standardised b= 0.33, 95% CI 0.04,0.09, p<0.001 and overall park quality score, with standardised b=0.18, 95% CI 0.001,0.005, p=0.001. On the contrary, QOL was negatively influenced by comorbidity with the standardised b=0.26, 95% CI 0.03,0.07, p>0.001. There is a need to promote senior citizen societies to increase awareness of healthier lifestyles. Senior citizen societies can provide quality care, information, and structured activities for the elderly improving QOL.


Significance Animals frequently need to choose the best alternative from a set of possibilities, whether it is which direction to swim in or which food source to favor. How long should a network of neurons take to choose the best of N options? Theoretical results suggest that the optimal time grows as log(N), if the values of each option are imperfectly perceived. However, standard self-terminating neural network models of decision-making cannot achieve this optimal behavior. We show how using certain additional nonlinear response properties in neurons, which are ignored in standard models, results in a decision-making architecture that both achieves the optimal scaling of decision time and accounts for multiple experimentally observed features of neural decision-making. An elemental computation in the brain is to identify the best in a set of options and report its value. It is required for inference, decision-making, optimization, action selection, consensus, and foraging. Neural computing is considered powerful because of its parallelism; however, it is unclear whether neurons can perform this max-finding operation in a way that improves upon the prohibitively slow optimal serial max-finding computation (which takes ∼Nlog(N) time for N noisy candidate options) by a factor of N, the benchmark for parallel computation. Biologically plausible architectures for this task are winner-take-all (WTA) networks, where individual neurons inhibit each other so only those with the largest input remain active. We show that conventional WTA networks fail the parallelism benchmark and, worse, in the presence of noise, altogether fail to produce a winner when N is large. We introduce the nWTA network, in which neurons are equipped with a second nonlinearity that prevents weakly active neurons from contributing inhibition. Without parameter fine-tuning or rescaling as N varies, the nWTA network achieves the parallelism benchmark. The network reproduces experimentally observed phenomena like Hick's law without needing an additional readout stage or adaptive N-dependent thresholds. Our work bridges scales by linking cellular nonlinearities to circuit-level decision-making, establishes that distributed computation saturating the parallelism benchmark is possible in networks of noisy, finite-memory neurons, and shows that Hick's law may be a symptom of near-optimal parallel decision-making with noisy input.


Objective: Currently, paliperidone palmitate is not approved for the treatment of schizophrenia in adolescents. It is only indicated for treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in adults. This case report highlights the successful treatment outcome with paliperidone palmitate in an adolescent with schizophrenia.  Methods: We report a case of an adolescent who presented with psychotic symptoms and marked deterioration in functioning over a period of one year.  Results: She showed significant improvement in functioning, and her psychotic symptoms gradually subsided with paliperidone palmitate. Conclusions: Paliperidone palmitate could be considered as an effective treatment modality in adolescents with schizophrenia. Please click PDF below to download the full paper...


Hypervisor-based virtualization technology has been successfully used to deploy high-performance and scalable infrastructure for Hadoop, and now Spark applications. Container-based virtualization techniques are becoming an important option, which is increasingly used due to their lightweight operation and better scaling when compared to Virtual Machines (VM). With containerization techniques such as Docker becoming mature and promising better performance, we can use Docker to speed-up big data applications. However, as applications have different behaviors and resource requirements, before replacing traditional hypervisor-based virtual machines with Docker, it is important to analyze and compare performance of applications running in the cloud with VMs and Docker containers. VM provides distributed resource management for different virtual machines running with their own allocated resources, while Docker relies on shared pool of resources among all containers. Here, we investigate the performance of different Apache Spark applications using both Virtual Machines (VM) and Docker containers. While others have looked at Docker's performance, this is the first study that compares these different virtualization frameworks for a big data enterprise cloud environment using Apache Spark. In addition to makespan and execution time, we also analyze different resource utilization (CPU, disk, memory, etc.) by Spark applications. Our results show that Spark using Docker can obtain speed-up of over 10 times when compared to using VM. However, we observe that this may not apply to all applications due to different workload patterns and different resource management schemes performed by virtual machines and containers. Our work can guide application developers, system administrators and researchers to better design and deploy big data applications on their platforms to improve the overall performance.


Introduction: Breast cancer is a problem that occurs in adult women. The number of incidences in
Indonesia is the second most common cancer of women after cervical cancer, in 2010 listed 45% of
women suffered from abnormal breast lumps, both malignant and benign tumors Breast cancer can
occur at any time and asymptomatic, thus it requires the appropriate detection methods to find out.
Methods: The method used in this systematic review begins with PICO framework that is focused
on breast self-examination for the detection of early breast cancer by searching journals through
database Science direct, Ebscho, and Proquest. Results: 8 articles journals were selected and
assessed, generally the journals review provide increased knowledge about BSE also Breast Self-
Examination (BSE) provides benefits to detection early breast cancer. Conclusion: The article study
reviews showed that almost all of which breast self examination (BSE) is able to give a positive effect
in terms of both, knowledge and awareness of women about breast health. Breast cancer should be
detected early to improve the prognosis for immediate action. One of the ways to detect breast cancer
is by improving the knowledge and awareness of women to do breast self-examination as a tool for
detecting breast cancer with a safe and easy method.
Keywords: Breast Self-Examination, Early Detection, Breast Cancer


Hematologic malignancies are clonal hematologic disorders characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of mutational stem or progenitor cells, and the process of normal hematopoiesis is always disturbed. Normal cell cycle is tightly regulated by cyclin dependent kinases (CDK). CDK not only plays an important role in cell cycle, but also in the self-renewal of stem cells, epigenetic regulation and DNA repair. Studies of CDK gene knockout mouse models have demonstrated that CDK also is involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. Meanwhile the abnormal expression of CDK caused by chromosomal translocation or genetic mutations has been described in many tumors. That is why more and more attention is played on pharmacological inhibition targeted CDK. Cyclin D can form a CDK4/6-cyclin D complex with CDK, and participate in the regulation the cell cycle of hematopoietic stem cell. This article reviews roles of CDK, cyclin D and CDK4/6-cyclin D in hematopoiesis and hematologic malignancies, and the application of cell cycle inhibitors targeted CDK4/6-cyclin D in hematologic malignancies.

Key words:
Cyclin-dependent kinases; Cyclin D; Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins; Hematologic neoplasms; Genes, p16


The invention relates to a method for preparing phosphorous polyphenylene oxide resin with low molecular weight. The method comprises the steps as follows: in step one, phosphorous phenolic compounds and raw material polyphenylene oxide resin are provided, wherein the number average molecular weight of the raw material polyphenylene oxide resin is more than 10000; in step two, the raw material polyphenylene oxide resin is dissolved in solvent so as to prepare a raw material polyphenylene oxide resin solution; in step three, the phosphorous phenolic compounds are added in the raw material polyphenylene oxide resin solution; in step four, initiator is added, and redistribution reaction is performed under the reaction temperature that is more than 60 DEG C under the action of the initiator; and in step five, products that are phosphorous polyphenylene oxide resin with low molecular weight are obtained after the reaction is finished, and the number average molecular weight of the phosphorous polyphenylene oxide resin ranges from 1000 to 6000. In the method, the phosphorous phenolic compounds are dispersed in the polyphenylene oxide resin solution, and the redistribution reaction is performed under the action of the initiator so as to prepare the phosphorous polyphenylene oxide resin with low molecular weight; the prepared phosphorous polyphenylene oxide resin with low molecular weight achieves good manufacturability, and is suitable for matrix resin of composite material of a high-frequency circuit board and the like or addition ingredients of other polymer material.


Having considered in former numbers of this Journal the sometime and occasional duties of the Department, including among them certain contingent duties which it has never been called upon to perform, we may now advance to a consideration of its habitual functions. The organic act of the Department prescribed that the Secretary of State should keep " the seal of the United States." It is the mark of the supreme authority of the United States, and before the government went into operation under the Constitution, was in the custody of the Secretary of Congress, being used to verify all important acts, whether executive or legislative; but the debate on executive departments in the first constitutional congress indicated that Congress did not contemplate keeping the seal any longer, and thought it would necessarily pass to the custody of the Executive. The President did, in fact, take it under his control as soon as he assumed office and before legal provision had been made for it.


The mapping of underlying genes for a complex disease is usually requiring a substantial number of samples and genetic markers. With current advance genotyping technology a family linkage or genome-wide association study can easily accumulate millions of genotypes. In addition, as the study data is changing dynamically from the beginning to the end of a study, the flexibility of updating and manipulating genetic data with traceability is desired. Here we describe a secure web-based genetic study database (GSD) system for high throughput population and family based genetic study. GSD is a platform independent web-based DBMS system with supporting of HTTP protocol over an encrypted Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) transport mechanism. Together with the comprehensive user account management and study data access control GSD is designed to accommodate the requirements of IRB proved large-scale and/or multi-sites collaborating genetic linkage or association studies. The underlying database of GSD is an Oracle relational database which offers excellent management of lager


The changes and performances of the rural cooperative medical care system not only depend on the institution itself,but also largely depend on the institutional environment.It is impossible to give objective comments on the new rural cooperative medical care system if the effects of the institutional environment are ignored.To guarantee the favorable outcome of the institution,apart from optimizing the design of the institution itself,attention should also be paid to further the improvement of the institutional environment that influences its operation.


Forest land disputes since the rolling reform sticking 1998. The factors that trigger disputes, partly due; a) illegal logging Perhutani office harm; b) disputes between MDH with Perum Perhutani officials; c) violence committed by both sides in this dispute. Forest land dispute resolution conducted by using nonlitigation approach. To arrive at this settlement, MDH do strategies; a) self-organization; b) cooperation and communication with parties that have the same problem; c) demonstration; d) clearing and resistance revenge. The fourth strategy is used in order to conduct negotiations and mediation with the Perum Perhutani. The final result of the negotiation and mediation are the cooperation in such programs as Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) or the like. The use of various strategies that, as far as not violate the principles of Islamic law allowed. Implementation of the strategy should be done in a peaceful manner and does not cause damage (madarat). Key word : Forest land conflict, Islamic law


About this book Introduction Getting to Know Your SPSS: SPSS - its many faces Data analysis: Entering and Managing Data Transforming Data Tables, Central Tendency and Dispersion Data Analysis: Graphic Presentations Tests of Significance: Nonparametric Tests Tests of Significance: Parametric Tests Correlation Tests for Nominal Variables Correlation Tests for Ordinal Variables Correlation - Regression for Interval/Ratio Variables Appendix Useful concepts


Abstract Six species of medusae are described from the Bahamas, where they were caught in an Ockelmann bottom sledge or in a hand net and, in one case, a plankton net. Four of the species were known before from the Bahamas whereas two, Gonionemus suavensis and Phialella falklandica, are new to the area. The former has been recorded from the Bermudas, whereas the latter was hitherto known only from south of New Zealand and from the southern parts of South America. Some systematical problems are discussed.


Recibido: 14 de marzo de 2014. Aceptado: 16 de octubre de 2014. ABSTRACT. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay, better known as Comet Assay (CA), has obtained a privileged position among the tests used to assess the response of cells to genotoxic agents, biotic and abiotic stresses which lead to DNA damage. Different versions of the assay have been developed aimed to widen the spectra of DNA lesions that can be detected. Guidelines have also been provided for its use in ecotoxicological genetics. CA stands out by its demonstrated sensitivity to detect low levels of DNA damage, speediness and straightforwardness


1 The appellant was convicted of four charges in the District Court. These comprised two charges of rioting punishable under s 147 of the Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) ("the Penal Code") ("the first rioting charge" and "the second rioting charge", collectively "the rioting charges"), one charge of voluntarily causing grievous hurt under s 325 of the Penal Code ("the grievous hurt charge"), and one charge of consumption of methamphetamine under s 8(b)(ii) of the Misuse of Drugs Act (Cap 185, 2008 Rev Ed) ("the MDA") ("the drug consumption charge").


A 64-year-old man with a history of impaired glucose tolerance on diet control, hypertension and minor stroke with good recovery, presented after 4 months of progressive weakness in all his limbs. He reported neuropathic pain and reduced sensation in both lower limbs. He also had progressive dysphagia for a few weeks. Physical examination showed wasting of tongue, upper and lower limb muscles, and generalised fasciculations. His reflexes were absent. Tests showed a normal full blood count; carcinoembryonic antigen was 6.1 ng/mL (N<5.5); nerve conduction test (NCT) showed sensorimotor polyneuropathy with predominantly axonal involvement (figure 1A, B); electromyography showed neurogenic changes with active …


Several practical tools have been developed to estimate in a rather simple way the stiffness and the fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures. Such tools are nomographs and resilient modulus testing by means of pneumatic driven equipment. Until now no simple method has been available to estimate resistance to permanent deformation; it seems that repeated load testing is still required to obtain the needed information. This paper describes an attempt that was made to allow permanent deformation resistance to be estimated without the need for time consuming complicated laboratory testing. The procedure is based on the analysis of a large number of repeated load triaxial tests performed on asphalt mixtures that were tested as part of the heavy duty pavement research project which is currently being undertaken in the Netherlands. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no. 895118.


Recent studies show that banking companies disclose more sustainability information led by some Islamic banks in Bangladesh. The reasons behind such voluntary disclosure by the Islamic banks are not identified by previous researchers. Hence, this study attempts to identify the main motivational factors behind the CSD practices through managerial interviews of an Islamic bank. The Moon was purposively selected for its successful business operations and socioeconomic contributions during last 27 years in the local context. The study found that although there are some factors such as central bank regulations, environmental movement, institutional award, professionalism and corporate culture, the role of religion that is, Islam has emerged as a vital force behind the CSD practices of the Islamic bank. From the institutional perspective, religious faith fuels the cognitive mechanism in creating new institutional forms.


In 2008 the agency came up with the idea of constructing large soccer balls on some of the Telkom towers as an advertisement for Telkom. These balls were to be the largest ever used to advertise a soccer world cup event. The Agency then approached Graphic Wizard with the idea, who in turn contacted Signsmith cc regarding the project.


The effect of three water regiems on biological parameters of Lipaphis erysimi was studied on two cultivars of oilseed brassica, namely Bulbul-98 and UCD 310/3 under complete rendamized design (CRD) having two factors, cultivars and water stress, replicated 15 times. The moisture levels significantly affected these parameters, influencing the performance of L. erysimi. Its developmental time increased with the severity of water deficit on both hosts with a trend of the shortest to the longest period from 100 % field capacity to 50 % field capacity. Its fecundity, being highest at field capacity, was decreased with a decrease in water supply. The intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) was inversely proportionate to water regimes and aphid's development. They were small sized in Brassica carinata at 75 % field capacity and at 100 % field capacity in B. napus. An indirect proportion between the body size of aphid and moisture levels was observed. Bulbul-98 at field capacity was most favourable whereas UCD 310/3 at the same moisture level was the most detrimental for L. erysimi. (Key words: Moisture levels, Turnip aphid, Host plants, Pakistan.)


Rough sets and fuzzy sets are frameworks for the representation of uncertainty. They have been used in various applications such as the imprecise querying of crisp data, uncertainty management in databases, the mining of spatial data, and measurement of information content. This paper discusses such advances in rough and fuzzy set information systems.


Background: Green tea, obtained from the Camellia sinensis, is one of the most popular drinks worldwide and has recently been in the focus of scientic research due to its benecial effects on general health. Several studies suggest that, among the polyphenols found on green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most bioactive compound and is responsible for its antibacterial activity. Purpose: To conduct a qualitative systematic review of literature evaluating the antibacterial efficacy of EGCG against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Methods: Relevant published studies included in the Pubmed (1966June 2015), Scopus (1960June 2015), Web of Science (1900June 2015), and Google Scholar databases were identied. Publications of in vitro studies, which studied EGCG antibacterial efficacy against S. mutans, were extracted and pooled in a table. e evaluation included inhibition zone measures, reduction of the number of microorganisms, and biolm formation. Results: Twelve studies were selected to compose this systematic review. Eleven of them showed that EGCG has antibacterial efficacy against S. mutans. Conclusions: In vitro evidence available conrms the antibacterial activity of EGCG against S. mutans.


In order to improve performances of sensorless control systems of permanent magnet synchronous motors with a sliding mode observer, and to solve problems of buffeting and phase delay when a rotor position was observed, a hybrid control strategy combining a Super-Twisting sliding mode observer and a two-stage filter with fuzzy rules was proposed. Firstly, the sliding mode gain was output to the Super-Twisting second-order sliding mode observer by fuzzy rules, and then the estimated value of the back Electric Motive Force (EMF) was output, and the dynamic adjustment of the sliding mode gain was realized. Secondly, the two-stage filter with a cascade of low pass filter with variable cutoff frequency and a back EMF filter was designed to avoid chattering and harmonics for the estimated value of the back EMF signal. After that, the rotor position and speed information were obtained by further calculations. Finally, the Lyapunov criterion was used to verify the stability of the system. Simulation results show that the buffeting of the system with the sliding mode observer was suppressed by the proposed strategy, and the dynamic and static qualities of the system were improved.


Angular correlations measured in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) include a same-side (SS) 2D peak which is strongly elongated on pseudorapidity η in morecentral Au-Au collisions. The elongated peak has been referred to as a "soft ridge." The SS peak is consistent with expected jet correlations in peripheral A-A and p-p collisions. A saturation-scale argument has been proposed to explain the origin of the elongated SS peak in terms of correlations from Glasma flux tubes interacting with radial flow. In this analysis we review the details of the proposed argument in comparison to perturbative QCD predictions of jet yields and correlations. We find that the proposal is inconsistent with several features of measured spectra and correlations.


The United Kingdom must have "a radical rethink" in how it approaches public health if it is to reduce inequalities and meet the health challenges facing society over the next 25 years, concludes a new report by the Academy of Medical Sciences.1

In its report the academy said that the challenges associated with an ageing and growing population, a rising prevalence of obesity, and environmental and economic change could not be tackled in isolation and required coordinated action across healthcare, academia, government, and society. It called for better alignment between public …


As has happened to many other islands, the Penghu Archipelago has, over the years, fallen gradually into decline due to shrinking revenues from the fishing industry. Making matters worse, in spite of abundant natural resources and many governmental subsidization programs, the adverse winter weather and many other weaknesses have slowed down the transformation of this area's economic base from fisheries to tourism. A Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis is applied in this paper to systematically portray the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in redeveloping this area. Governmental actions, including fishery resource rejuvenation projects, infrastructure investment initiatives, composite tourism programs, tax exemptions and attempts to establish the islands as a casino gaming area are evaluated. Scenarios concerning uncertainties and their impacts for potential investors are also elaborated on.


In this paper, we prove two results. First, we show the existence of boundary harmonic coordinates on Riemannian $3$-manifolds with boundary that satisfy only low regularity integral bounds on the Ricci curvature and the second fundamental form of the boundary, and a volume radius estimate. This result follows by extending the known theory of Cheeger-Gromov convergence for manifolds to include manifolds with boundary in a low regularity setting. Second, we prove a localised version of the bounded $L^2$ curvature theorem of Klainerman-Rodnianski-Szeftel. The localisation is achieved by using the above existence of boundary harmonic coordinates together with the author's extension procedure for the constraint equations.


A set-up to measure coupler directivity with high levels of microwave power is proposed. Measuring procedures as well as error analysis are presented. Using a fixed attenuator differently placed in the circuit a measured directivity range is extended although typical microwave detectors are used in the set-up configuration. An influence of high power level on coupler directivity value can be detected applying the presented set-up.


Haptoglobin belongs to the major constituents of plasma and acts as hemoglobin‐binding and acute‐phase protein. Due to the occurrence of three major allelic variants and further structural modifications, the α chains of haptoglobin form varying spot patterns in two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) gels, which is generally observed in differential proteome analyses using plasma or related body fluids of humans. In the present study plasma samples from 10 donors of initially unknown haptoglobin phenotype were separated by 2‐DE and tryptic digests of excised haptoglobin α chain spots were analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) and MALDI‐quadrupole ion trap TOF‐MS. Haptoglobin α1S, α1F, as well as α2 chains were found to occur each with at least three structurally differing protein species: (i) the unmodified form, which corresponds to the sequence database entries; (ii) derivatives, in which asparagine at position five is deamidated to aspartic acid; and (iii) derivatives with an additional C‐terminal arginine residue. These structural variants account for the most commonly observed spot patterns of haptoglobin α chains in Coomassie‐stained gels. Additionally, a minor derivative of the haptoglobin α2 chain carrying both modifications, deamidation at position five and the C‐terminal arginine residue, was identified. Theoretical pI values of the characterized structural variants are, consistent with their observed migration in the 2‐DE gels.


In the summer of 2013, devastating floods caused heavy damage along various streams in central Europe. In the river basin Eferding in Austria, the Danube River reached record water levels and flooded hundreds of homes in the low-lying areas over night. The response of the government to resettle people has been heavily criticized by a local citizen initiative, leading to protests in front of the regional parliament. The demand for alternative solutions and for answers to the many questions to the cause of the extraordinary impact of the flood have been growing.
The aim of this study is to analyze people's attitudes towards social innovation thinking in the context of flood planning and to discuss the benefits of the concept of social innovation in this particular case. In such situations, according to the concept of social innovation, solutions that meet unmet needs of society and create new capabilities and better use of resources can occur. In search for resilient ways to adapt to the risk of floods, through a participatory action research approach, I engage with the local citizens and other stakeholders by simulating the idea creation process of social innovation. In a short video distributed via social media, I introduce a new way of living in the flood area. Subsequently, using a survey I assess people's reaction towards the innovation presented in the video.
The results show a great potential for change: people are highly receptive to rethinking flood adaptation and their way of living in the flood zone. Compassion is strong far beyond the immediately affected citizens, which advocates for more active involvement of many more people in order to shape the innovation to meet all stakeholders' needs. However, as the topic splits the opinion of locals and the government, politics tends to impede the process.
The use of the video and social media has proven highly efficient in breaking down barriers of communication: the complexity of the subject could be presented in an easily understandable way; social media provided a perfect platform for discussion and involving people. The study shows that people perceive innovation thinking rather positively. I therefore advocate for a more active use of the concept in similar complex contexts.


ABSTRACT The Mongolian gerbil model of Helicobacter pylori infection resembles human gastritis. In this study, we investigated the role of NF-κB activation in H. pylori-infected gerbils. Activated macrophages were significantly increased in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa and were identified as being important cells with potent activation of NF-κB, which plays an important part in producing proinflammatory cytokines. Macrophage depletion by the administration of clodronate resulted in milder inflammation in gerbils infected with H. pylori. In macrophages, the inhibition of IκB kinase β (IKKβ), which is a critical kinase for NF-κB activation, resulted in lower proinflammatory cytokine expression caused by heat-killed H. pylori cells. Furthermore, treatment with IKKβ inhibitor resulted in milder inflammation in gerbils with H. pylori gastritis. Collectively, our data suggest that H. pylori-mediated gastric inflammation critically depends on the efficient recruitment and activation of macrophages, with sufficient NF-κB activation.


History, Ethics and Politics in Thucydides - The paper analyses Thucydides's views on history, ethics and politics trying to highlight how they affect each other. Thucydides has a tragic conception of history, according to which, notwithstanding the presence of some constants, human vicissitudes are open to unpredictability and chance. This view is closely related to Thucydides moral outlook, which is interpreted as a version of moral pluralism that recognises two mutually incompatible families of values: those related with greatness and success, and those stemming from compassion and pity. Coming to politics, it is argued that Thucydides's most valuable contribution lies in his penetrating analysis of the dynamics of power and in particular in his understanding of the fundamental importance of the dialectic between stabilizing and chaotic factors. Political thought should take account of those factors and that means that historical and empirical considerations should enter political theory no later than moral ideals and normative standards.


This paper provides an analysis of the security problem of Internet.it elaborates on the digital signature technologies and public key encryption system,in this foundation,the safe communication mode based on digital signature technologies is introduced in detail,to ensure the integrity,non-repudiation and confidentiality of theinformation transmission of network communication.


Utilization of the sewage sludge is pressing and crucial environmental and economic challenge. High moisture content of the sludge is one of the main difficulties during the process of the sewage sludge utilization. Experimental drying module has been designed and manufactered to identify and verify effectiveness of the main parameters of the thermal drying of the sewage sludge with application of the pneumatic pulse method. The pulser is supposed to be part of the technological scheme in order to speed up the process of drying and saving energy. The pulser supplies hot air into the drying chamber with time intervals by pulse. In the drying chamber the airflow dislodges water molecules from the material by means of pulses and then they are taken away from the drying chamber. For the convenience of the comparison and evaluation of the executed experiment the following general characteristics were selected: drying rate – i – kg min-1; power consumption – q – kWh kg-1. The greatest effect in application of the pneumatic pulse method for dehydration of the sewage sludge was achieved at the angle of incidence equal to nearly 90° of the airflow on the dried sample and higher temperature. The experiment showed that application of the pneumatic pulse method for dehydration of the sewage sludge allows to reduce power consumption and speed up the process of drying. The process of drying can be executed at lower temperatures.


A case study of community's Ban Mai Fad, Tambon Maifad, Sikoa district, Trang province. A sample was selected from 1,193 cases were included as a sample. The purposes of this study were: 1) the structure of the family, how to choose a pair of family members, relationships, occupation of the person in the family, education and ethics in the community 2) the effects of cultural change in the community after the founding of Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Trang campus. Analysis to determine the percentage by using Microsoft excels. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Family structure 31.52 percent is single family and 31.52 percent is the extended family. 2) Families are encouraged to choose their own spouses, to marry a stranger much more. 3) Family relationships of persons in interdependent and live together as a kinship. 4) Families to teach children to recognize the importance of education. 5) Encourage the child to learn at a higher level. Teach children not to drink alcohol, smoke. Encouraged to practice religious activities and encourage participation with the public events. 6) Family changed from large to small and medium, local languages in communication. 7) Community changed after the founding of University was as follows: Increasing income, there are various types of business increase, social change from a rural RMUTP Research Journal Special Issue


School bullying and victimisation have long been a focus of attention and concern. In 1857 a fictional account of bullying was published ('Tom Brown's School Days' by Thomas Hughes) which described an older pupil bullying younger boys in an English public school. However, it was not until the late 1970s that empirical research was conducted on school bullying, beginning with the important work of Dan Olweus in Scandinavia. Research began by describing the nature and extent of the phenomenon, highlighting the different forms which bullying can take and the numbers of pupils involved either as perpetrators or victims of this aggression. Research has now moved towards understanding the diverse and often interrelated triggers for this aggression, leading to the development of theories which may assist in the planning of more appropriate intervention and prevention programmes (Monks et al., 2009).


Visible light communication (VLC) is a method of transmitting data through LED blinking and is vulnerable to eavesdropping because the illumination affects the wide range of area. IEEE standard 802.15.7 defines On-Off Keying (OOK), Variable Pulse Position Modulation (VPPM), and Color Shift Keying (CSK) as modulation. In this paper, we propose an encryption method in VPPM for secure communication. The VPPM uses an encoding method called 4B6B where 16 different outputs are represented with 6-bit. This paper extends the number of outputs to 20, to add complexity while not violating the 4B6B generation conditions. Then each entry in the extended 4B6B table is scrambled using vigen è re cipher. The probability of decrypting each 6-bit data is   . Eavesdropper should perform      number of different trials to decrypt the message if the number of keys is n. The proposed method can be applied to OOK of PHY II and CSK of PHY III. We further discuss the secure encoding that can be used


Coupled elastic actuation has been proven to be a simple and e↵ective method to realize natural biped walking. However, former researches found it hard to achieve high speed merely by adjusting control parameters. For the purpose of realizing fast walking in this method, we put forward a simple approach: moving CoM(center of mass) forward. Through numerical simulation, we found that a positive lateral o↵set of CoM could e↵ectively increase walking speed by enlarging step length and shortening step period, both of which result from the reduction of swing leg retraction. To testify the simulation results, experiments based on a prototype were conducted. The dimensionless speed of the robot changes from 0.264 to 0.424 as CoM moves forward, which confirms our speedincreasing strategy.


Formulation of the problem. The educational sector reform, including higher education in Ukraine and its entry into the European space has changed the requirements not only for teachers. The universities image is changing, both on the part of the state and higher education institutions, and on the part of the public and students. Nowadays the educational institution success should be complemented by its individuality manifestation, an indicator of which is a certain level of image formation of the higher educational institution. The staff uniqueness of the educational institution is its component. Thus, there is no doubt about the relevance of this problem and its practical solution significance. It should be noted that the issue of the higher educational institution image creation needs to be studied. The scientific developments on the research topic are analyzed and the issue of formation of the higher educational institution image as a pedagogical problem, that requires detailed research, is clarified in this article.
Materials and methods. In the scientific process, dissertation research materials, pedagogical and scientific literature were used. To achieve the goal of the study theoretical and empirical methods: analysis and systematization; observation; written and oral interview; analysis, systematization, generalization were used.
Results. The following trends in the formation of the higher educational institution image should be proposed: - the management and teaching staff of the higher educational institution should consider the university image as a condition for ensuring its positioning in the market and increasing its competitiveness; - the presence of the higher educational institution image should be associated with an increase in the prestige, and, consequently, the authority and influence of the higher educational institution in the state; - the higher educational institution image influences the choice of an educational institution by students as a base for vocational training.
Conclusions. Thus, an effective strategy for the formation of the higher educational institution image is a tool for influencing the perception of a higher educational institution by various subjects and stakeholders' groups, which increases its competitiveness potential.


The modern legal system of any state imposes high requirements to specialists in this field, primarily related to the use of large amounts of information in the work. In this regard, the scientific work of students, aimed at forming the need for research activities, becomes particularly relevant. One of its final stages is the preparation of a master's thesis. Scientific and pedagogical experience of the authors allows stating that the majority of applicants face difficulties in choosing and justifying the topic of the research. The article considers methodological approaches to determining the boundaries and the volume of study of the material, its generalization, and formulation of the title of the thesis. The mechanisms of determination of social conditionality, elaboration, object, and subject of the forthcoming dissertation on criminal law are investigated. The objectives are to pro-vide the reader with an accessible mechanism for selecting the topic of scientific work, justifying its relevance, methodology, and setting goals and objectives. Results of work are expressed in the identification of methodological problems that arise in the course of writing the master's thesis, as well as recommendations on the organization of the initial stage of the thesis preparation.


Abstract Surface geology and gravity data reveal that the structural pattern of the onshore portion of the Bengkulu Basin is formed of a transtensional duplex of NW - SE striking basin-bounding faults and N-S trending step-like tensional faults. Two asymmetrical grabens occur within the study area, i.e. the Pagarjati Graben in the northwest and the Kedurang Graben in the southeast. These are separated by the N-S trending Masmambang High. Two phases of graben development can be recognized. NE-SW oriented Paleogene grabens were overprinted by N-S oriented Neogene grabens. The N-S trending Neogene grabens were formed during the Oligo-Miocene and are related to dextral motions along the Sumatra Fault System (Ketaun-Tanjung Sakti Fault and Manna Fault). The first such transtensional episode occurred in the Oligo-Miocene during which the sandstones, breccia-conglomerates, tuffaceous shales and limestones of the Seblat Formation were deposited in a fluviatile to shallow marine environment. Rejuvenation of the pre-existing tensional faults took place during Middle-Late Miocene times. Sandstones and claystones with coal intercalations (Lemau Formation) were deposited in shallow marine and lagoonal environments. Basin subsidence continued during the Late Miocene-Pliocene times, accompanied by deposition of the littoral sediments of the Simpangaur Formation. The shallow marine deposits of the Plio-Pleistocene Bintunan Formation were deposited during a phase of basin uplift and volcanic activity related to the Barisan orogeny. Hydrocarbon exploration potential in the Pagarjati and Kedurang Grabens appears to be attractive. Reservoirs are identified in the Seblat formation sands and Middle Miocene limestones while potential source rocks occur in the organically rich Lemau Formation. If a model of basin initiation in the Paleogene is accepted, there may be potential for lacustrine source rock developments, the presence of which would considerably upgrade the prospectivity of the basin.


The utility model relates to a steel strip pass-type shot blasting machine. Steel strip clamping conveying devices are mounted on the opposite side walls of a shot blasting chamber; steel strip supporting conveying devices, corresponding to the steel strip clamping conveying devices to form shot blasting stations, are arranged in the shot blasting chamber; pairs of shot blasting devices pointing to the shot blasting stations are mounted on the shot blasting chamber and in positions above and below the shot blasting stations; at least four shot blasting devices are symmetrically arranged in the direction vertical to the conveying direction of the steel wires and obliquely mounted; the included angle between each shot blasting device positioned above the corresponding shot blasting station and the horizontal plane, where the shot blasting station is positioned is alpha, the included angle between each shot blasting device positioned below the corresponding shot blasting station and the horizontal plane, where the shot blasting station is positioned is beta, and the included angle between each shot blasting device and the vertical plane in the conveying direction of steel strips is gamma, wherein the alpha is larger than or equal to 15 degrees and less than or equal to 25 degrees, the beta is larger than or equal to 33 degrees and less than or equal to 43 degrees, and the gamma is larger than or equal to 11 degrees and less than or equal to 21 degrees. The steel strip pass-type shot blasting machine can perform shot blasting treatment on steel strips on shot blasting stations from all angles, the efficiency is high, and the cleaning effect is good.


The following paper is an analysis is limited to the Impact of Earthquakes on Service Connections and Water Meters and the experiences gained from the 1971 San Fernando earthquake.


This paper considers specific SPICE model of the P-i-N photodiode dependent on the time function of input excitation. We present SPICE results of the photodiode response on the train of Heaveside input signals. Consideration is carried out using the linear model of the photodiode accounting changes of bias voltage


The experiment of polysaccharide sterilized by 60Co γ-ray irradiation with different dosage was carried out. Results showed that there was no significant changes of polysaccharide on morphologic features, color, smell and taste treated with different dosage of γ–ray irradiation. Content of polysaccharide subject to irradiation was degraded at 3 %(1.0 kGy), 2.9 %(2.0 kGy) , 0.3 % (4.0 kGy)and 17.5 %(6.0 kGy) respectively compared with check samples, among which the lowest was 0.3% at dosage of 4.0 kGyirradiation. Sterilization effects was bacterialyeastmould fungus with irradiation dosage increase. It was determined that effective irradiation dose for polysaccharide by sterilization was 1.0 kGy as the minimum, 6.0 kGy as the highest tolerance and 4.0 kGy as the suitable.


Problem statement: The Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (ISFET) is a metal-oxide field-effect transistor-based sensor that reacts to ionic activity at the electrolye/membrane/gate interface. The ionic sensor faces issue of selectivity from interfering ions that contribute to the sensor electrical response in mixed solutions. Approach: We present the training data collection of ISFET voltage response for the purpose of post-processing stage neural network supervised learning. The role of the neural network is to estimate the main ionic activity from the interfering ion contribution in mixed solutions given time-independent input voltages. In this work, potassium ion (K+) and ammonium ion (NH4+) ISFET response data are collected with readout interface circuit that maintains constant voltage and current bias levels to the ISFET drain-source terminals. Sample solutions are prepared by keeping the main ion concentration fixed while the activity of an interfering ion varied based on the fixed interference method. Results: Sensor demonstrates linear relationship to the ion concentration within detection limit but has low repeatability of 0.52 regression factor and 0.16 mean squared error between similarly repeated measurements. We find that referencing the voltage response to the sensor response in DIW prior to measurement significantly improves the repeatability by 15.5% for correlation and 98.3% for MSE. Demonstration of multilayer perceptron feed-forward neural network estimation of ionic concentration from the data collection shows a recognition of >0.8 regression factor. Conclusion: Time-independent DC voltage response of ISFET of the proposed setup can be used as training data for neural network supervised learning for the estimation of K+ in mixed K+/NH4+ solutions.


An electronic circuit, an electro-optical device, and an electronic apparatus including the same are provided to ensure a sufficient dynamic range of A/D conversion by switching a measurement range using a range-switching circuit. A sensor(1) converts a measured quantity into a current value. A current-voltage conversion circuit converts the current value into a voltage. A voltage detection circuit detects the voltage converted by the current-voltage conversion circuit and outputs a predetermined signal. The current-voltage conversion circuit has a storage circuit and a range-switching circuit(15) for switching a current-voltage conversion range of the current-voltage conversion circuit by switching the capacitance of the storage circuit. The storage circuit has a first capacitor(12) and a second capacitor(14).


The "end of ideology" theme may have had meaning for the developed West, Revere suggests, but, just at the time that it was being argued, the developing nations were witnessing a high point of ideology in politics. The instability and change marking revolutionary Algeria provided fertile soil for a major growth in ideology. The F.L.N. ideology identified with guerilla revolution against colonialism everywhere, and saw the revolutionary struggle in Algeria as achieving not simply political freedom but freedom from European colonial repression of the Muslim Algerian spirit. This paper provides insight into the role of ideology in sustaining a rebellion against colonial rule and bracing a new government in face of vastly difficult tasks.


Abstract Using data from an Italian University, we relate student evaluations of teaching quality to the physical attractiveness of instructors (as evaluated by external raters using photos), controlling for a number of teacher and course characteristics. We first show that teachers' beauty significantly affects evaluations of their teaching. We carry out a number of checks to tackle threats to internal validity: course fixed effects and individual research productivity are controlled for; an IV estimation strategy is undertaken using a second measure of beauty as an instrument; and measures of grooming and fastidiousness are introduced. Notwithstanding these controls, we find that more attractive teachers receive much better evaluations.


OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 1000, FI-02015 TKK http://www.tkk.fi Author Ilkka Keppo Name of the dissertation On Energy Modelling for a Range of Spatial, Temporal and Technological Scales Manuscript submitted 19.5.2009 Manuscript revised 30.9.2009 Date of the defence 27.11.2009 Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Faculty Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Department Department of Energy Technology Field of research Energy Economics and Power Plant Engineering Opponent(s) Simon Harvey, Professor and Ilkka Savolainen, Research Professor Supervisor Risto Lahdelma, Professor Instructor Pekka Pirilä, Professor Abstract In this dissertation a number of modeling studies, ranging from process specific mathematical formulations to global long term climate consequences of energy and emission scenarios, are presented and the commonalities, and differences, across the existing energy modeling methodologies and applications are reviewed.In this dissertation a number of modeling studies, ranging from process specific mathematical formulations to global long term climate consequences of energy and emission scenarios, are presented and the commonalities, and differences, across the existing energy modeling methodologies and applications are reviewed. For the regional modeling work mathematical representations are developed for the operation of small biofuel fired CHP plants. These mathematical descriptions are then used in a non-linear optimization model, in order to evaluate the economic feasibility of connecting such a CHP plant to a local district heating grid. The results indicate that under the assumed policy and economic conditions, such a CHP plant would not be able to compete with a biofuel fired heat-only boiler. The global, long term part of this work describes the modification and application of a global energy system model for a range of climate related issues. An endogenous description of "learning by doing" is implemented in the model and the subsequent model results show that although technological progress alone is unlikely to lead to climate stabilization, and therefore specific policies aimed at emission mitigation are a necessity, the lowered costs resulting from the "learning by doing" effect can reduce the mitigation costs considerably. The further studies establish that if the climate policy regime is incomplete, in the sense that some regions join it considerably later than others, more stringent targets might be difficult to reach and they will certainly be more expensive. Finally, a probabilistic study shows that reaching ambitious temperature targets with a high likelihood might not only require a wide portfolio of mitigation options and relatively early action, but it may also be that scenario specific indicators, such as demographic, economic and technological developments would need to progress in favorable manner. In the summary section the field of energy modeling is reviewed and presented in terms of methodologies and applications on the one hand and in terms of the system borders of the models on the other. The studies presented in this thesis and in the literature are placed within this framework and the commonalities of models appearing very different on the first look are pointed out.


This paper proposes a new rate control mechanism for layered multicast on the base of video layered coding and layered transmission protocol by combining the network_based and the receivers control mechanisms . The congestion is detected by both receivers and routers and the popularity of the session is weighted by routers so as to add or drop layers with fairness. The experiment results show that the mechanism can respond to congestion quickly and, making use of the most of bandwidth, provide better service quality for high popular sessions.


Carbyne complexes have been extensively studied but only a few of them contain the MC–H moiety (M = transition metal). In order to contribute to the debate about the linearity of this fragment, two neutron diffraction experiments on single crystal have been performed at 100 and 293 K on the trans-W(CH)(dmpe)2Br (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) (1). The results point, without ambiguity, to the linearity of the fragment. The specific behaviour of the dmpe ligand is modelled and interpreted.


In this note, we generalized Berndtsson's result about the Nakano positivity of direct image sheaves to some special singular cases. We found this is the case when the metric of twisted line bundle have logarithmic or Poincaré type singularities along the divisors.


This study combines two sets of data gathered from the 2003 cohort of education graduates in New Brunswick. Analysis of the first survey of 96 respondents from two universities shows the importance that prior experiences working with children and the interaction with teachers has on the transition from high school to undergraduate preparatory programs. Analysis of the second survey of 284 respondents from all four education programs in the province depicts the retention and out migration patterns for education graduates. When combined these analyses show a potential for teacher shortages for specialists in math and physical sciences at the secondary level, for males at the elementary level, and for French specialists at all grade levels. The conclusion drawn is that collaboration between government and universities, with a focus on incentives during transitions could address potential shortages and improve our schools.


The prophylactic efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum Linn) (Alliaceae) extract was studied on changes in WBC differential count pattern in female albino rats. The rats were divided into four groups A, B, C and D, keeping group A as a healthy control. The garlic extract was tried in three different doses, 1ml, 2ml and 4ml/ kg body weight as low, medium and high dose respectively and given orally for the period of 7, 14, 21 or 28 days daily to the rats of group B, C and D as stated above. The results clearly indicate that a significant increase (P<0.01) in lymphocyte and eosinophil percent and a significant decrease (P<0.01) in neutrophil and monocyte percent at low and medium dose but at higher dose their percentage increases within the normal values. This investigation indicates not only the benefits and drawback of raw garlic but also its uses in regulation of certain parameters for well-being of individuals.


We have studied the nuclear structure properties of high angular momentum states in N = Z, 44Ti, and 48Cr nuclei by using Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov (HFB) method with variation after angular momentum projection (VAP-HFB) technique. Effect of Kuo–Brown "KB" and its modified effective interactions has been studied using four sets of single-particle energies (SPEs) on rotational bands of these nuclei. It is seen that the HFB theory with projected wave functions by employing the VAP method describes well the overall trends of the experimental yrast level spectrum and the transition probabilities in these nuclei. The backbending of the 48Cr nucleus has been well reproduced by the present VAP-HFB calculations with the original "KB" effective interaction at J = 12ℏ. The modified effective interaction also gives backbending for 48Cr but at J = 10ℏ. The shape change associated with backbending effect in 48Cr is due to the large decrease in B(E2↓) values beyond J = 12ℏ state.


Building a secure and scalable infrastructure is the challenge of the Directors Network, the needs to be solved in this practical work is to group users by domains and to establish a communication between the Head Office and Branch of a company, such motive and services including network servers are implemented: the DHCP server, which is responsible for assigning the TCP / IP dynamic configuration of client computers; The DNS server to establish network domains; The Web server to host pages that are accessed from Head Office and Branch; The Service Domain Active Directory to manage the department and Matrix Branch, and users of each department; The transfer agent to allow connectivity between Headquarters and Branch normally despite being in different networks and set access restrictions to users within each department.


Three supramolecular isomeric metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been synthesized at different temperatures, exhibiting a structural progression from 2D (4,4) layer structures (α and β) to a 3D acentric 3-fold diamondoid network (γ).


Development of economy during the last years, especially since 2008, in the time of persistent economic crises can be assessed as unfavorable, both at the impact on economy as a whole and particularly in assessing the impact on construction industry. The article presents the views on the situation in the construction sector from the interior point of view and through the analyses of the secondary data and also by its own empirical survey compares expectations of construction sector development as a whole and the situation of each construction enterprise both in general terms and in breakdown by achieved turnover and by the type of main contractor. The aforementioned empirical survey is implemented through international research project by Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, in cooperation with FH Wien der WKW (Fachhochschule Wien der Wirtschaftskammer Wien)and Regional Chamber of Commerce of south Moravia.


This paper sets up a vertically related market model in which imitation and innovation are endogenously determined to study the impact of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection on less‐developed countries. It shows how a less‐developed country switches from imitation to innovation as it develops. It is also found that the relationship between IPR protection and economic development is ‐shaped. The IPR protection tends to go down and then go up as income rises. This finding also conforms with that in the empirical literature on IPR protection.


Ant Colony Decision Forrest (ACDF) and other ensemble methods have been proved to be effective in the case of the various datasets. In this article, we propose a concept, of transforming the classical ACDF algorithm in such matter, that the every newly generated decision tree becoming the element of the ensemble of classifiers is generated after the new data packages are derived to the system. Such approach allows to adapt to the still-changing data present in the system and may allow overcoming difficulties related to the problem of concept drift which is a commonly present problem in the real financial data. We investigate this problem and present a new algorithm based on the original ACDF adapted to the stream data.The proposed concept is verified experimentally on two different approaches with a different number of data packages. Statistical verification of the proposed method is presented as well.


I n recent years, papers received for the Water Environment Federation's conferences on industrial waste were very strong in case studies, modeling, and cost reduction. There were relatively few new viewpoints or research into new approaches. This suggests that the industry has matured and stabilized, with need to improve but not great need to innovate. I would suggest that this is not at all the case. Recent studies on their human health and ecological effects have elevated the profile of perchlorates, arsenic, and endocrine disruptors. Regulators are now focused on stringent treatment standards for these contaminants. For example, the treatment standards for perchlorates and arsenic are 6 and 10 lg/L, respectively, depending on discharge locations. Developing countries are in dire need of technologies to help solve arsenic contamination in drinking water sources. The technologies currently applied for the treatment of perchlorates include anoxic–anaerobic biological treatment and ion exchange. Ion exchange performs reasonably well, but at extraordinary cost and with substantial byproduct for disposal. Biological treatment shows great promise in reducing perchlorates and chlorates into nonhazardous chlorides under anoxic condition. However, more pilot studies are required in the field to better define process operational control parameters such as optimum oxidation reduction potential, pH, and type of external carbon source (electron donor) and dosage rate to reliably and consistently achieve very low levels of effluent perchlorates. There is also a need to improve the robustness of biological treatment technologies, so as to handle variations in influent perchlorate concentrations and achieve the required effluent quality consistently. In order to achieve very low levels (,10 lg/L) of arsenic, ion exchange is typically used. However, research is needed to thoroughly evaluate the effect of interfering and competing contaminants in the water– wastewater matrix. The cost of ion exchange for arsenic removal is exaggerated by removal of other contaminants along with arsenic. Hence, there is a need to develop cost-effective treatment technologies to achieve very low levels of arsenic. Although analytical methods and techniques are available for low-level detection of perchlorates and arsenic, research is needed to validate these results. Also, at present, no reliable analytical methods are available for field measurement of low levels of perchlorates and arsenic to control the operation of treatment systems. In recent years, it has been suggested that certain chemicals might be disrupting the hormonal systems of humans and wildlife. Currently most studies are focused on the effects of these endocrine disruptors on human health, wildlife, and ecology. However, once the ''no effect'' levels are established for these chemicals, we are faced with yet another challenge to develop cost-effective treatment technologies for their removal from drinking water sources and the environment. Although there are many areas of our field that can be significantly improved and optimized, there remain opportunities for giant steps in water treatment technology. I would encourage those with interest and opportunity to pursue basic and applied research in the treatment of perchlorates, arsenic, and endocrine disruptors.


xix CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Overview 1 1.1.1 Polymeric Hydrogels 2 1.1.2 Polymer-enhanced Ultrafiltration and Its Application 4 in Heavy Metal Removal 1.1.3 Membrane Fouling 5 1.1.4 Copper 6 1.2 Problem Statement 7 1.3 Research Objectives 9 1.4 Scopes of Study 9 1.5 Organization of the Thesis 10


Description. The conference will bring together people with varying backgrounds. Also, some participants are rather young. As a consequence, concepts familiar to some and important in various talks can not be expected to be universally understood in the audience. We have therefore scheduled an informal Questions-and-Answers session where the more elementary questions (hopefully) get answered. Questions arising during the first two days of the conference can be passed on to Kai-Uwe Bux who will collect the questions. The organizers will then ask experts to volonteer answers during the Q&A session. So, if you have a question during a talk that you don't feel comfortable asking right away (maybe, its too broad), please contribute it for the Q&A session. Abstract. A group of isometries of the hyperbolic n-space is called a reflection group if it has a finite generating set which consists of reflections in hyperplanes. The study of hyperbolic reflection groups has a long and remarkable history going back to the papers of Makarov and Vinberg. In recent years there has been a wave of activity in this area which has led to a solution to the open question of the finiteness of these groups and to some quantitative results towards their classification. In the talk I will review the results of the last ten years and discuss the main open problems concerning arithmetic hyperbolic reflection groups. A finiteness theorem for the genus Abstract. In the talk we shall present some results related to the following conjecture: Let G be an absolutely almost simple simply connected algebraic group over a finitely generated field K of characteristic zero (or of " good " characteristic relative to G).


Atenolol is used with or without other medications to help patients with hypertension (high blood pressure) by reducing their blood pressure. High blood pressure causes heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure. Moreover, atenolol is also utilized to treat chest pain and to help patients to stay survival after they have a heart attack. It's chemical structure sometimes called a benzene acetamide. It is known as a cardio-selective drug and beta1-selective medication too. Scientists have proven in long term investigations for five years that oral administration of atenolol has no effect on hemodynamic. In addition to its role in the medical field, may also introduce several industrial fields, such as water treatment, and also complications with transitional metals.


We report the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) detection of a $\gamma$-ray source at the position of SAX J1808.4$-$3658. This transient low-mass X-ray binary contains an accreting millisecond puslar, which is only seen during its month-long outbursts and likely switches to be rotation powered during its quiescent state. Emission from the $\gamma$-ray source can be described by a power law with an exponential cutoff, the characteristic form for pulsar emission. Folding the source's 2.0--300 GeV photons at the binary orbital period, a weak modulation is seen (with an H-test value of $\sim$17). In addition, three sets of archival XMM-Newton data for the source field are analyzed, and we find only one X-ray source with 3--4$\sigma$ flux variations in the 2$\sigma$ error circle of the $\gamma$-ray source. However based on the X-ray properties, this X-ray source is not likely a background AGN, the major class of Fermi sources detected by LAT. These results support the possible association between the $\gamma$-ray source and SAX J1808.4$-$3658 and thus the scenario that the millisecond pulsar is rotation powered in the quiescent state. Considering a source distance of 3.5 kpc for SAX J1808.4$-$3658, the 0.1--300 GeV luminosity is 5.7$\times 10^{33}$ erg s$^{-1}$, implying a $\gamma$-ray conversion efficiency of 63\% for the pulsar in this binary.


To make the cost of a mission minimum, the scouting mission planning system of a UAV should decide the height, velocity, time and payload of the UAV based on the its capability, payloads, the mission information and threat information. We established a cost function according to the scouting mission of the UAV, and obtained the weighted sum to each factor by using analytic hierarchy process( AHP). Then, we built up the corresponding models for each factor, and obtained the scouting mission plan of the UAV by simulation. This plan can make a UAV more effective in mission executing.


The effect of two sublethal fenitrothion concentrations (0.02 and 0.04 mg/L) on the energy metabolism of the european eel Anguilla anguilla and its recovery from intoxication was investigated. Analysis of various parameters such as glycogen, proteins and total lipids was made on liver and muscle eel tissues after 2, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72 and 96 hr of fenitrothion (0,0-dimethyl 0-3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) exposure. Subsequently, the fish were allowed recovery periods of 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144 and 192 hr in clean water, and the same parameters were again evaluated. The results obtained during the exposure to the pesticide as well as during the recovery phase were used to calculate the caloric content in both tissues of A. anguilla. A reduction in energy reserves in the selected tissues was observed after exposure to both fenitrothion concentrations and the caloric content in those animals was lower than in the controls. Most of the metabolic disorders did not persist after allowing recovery in clean water during a week.


Large quadruped robots have shown high environmental adaptability and promising applications. However, due to the difficulty of integrating multiple sensors or highperformance CPU in such a limited dimension, which strongly hindered the perception and calculation ability, quadruped robots in small scale haven't shown equally performance. To overcome this limitation, we integrated the inertial measurement unit (IMU) into the small-sized robotic rat SQuRo, and proposed simplified control strategies to enhance its robustness. The improvements includes three parts: 1) A posture control strategy is proposed and verified by posture adjustment in a slope test; 2) Straight line tracking was achieved by detecting and controlling the yaw angle of SQuRo; 3) The autonomous fall recovery was achieved by detecting the fall and executed a predefined fall recovery strategy.


Improving education quality needs sustainable efforts; one of them is by doing Total Quality Management (TQM). TQM can be implemented not only in an educational institution's organization but also in the teaching learning process. This study aims to investigate the implementation of TQM in SMP 1 Bawen, especially in the teaching learning process of Christian. Employing descriptive qualitative approach, the data needed for this research were gathered using interview, observation, and documentation. The result shows that the learning process of Christian lesson has applied five principles of TQM: focuses on the users (students) by handling the students' problems and uses learning methods that suit the students' need, does sustainable improvement to the students' learning achievement, build shared commitments, evaluates the students' achievement, and involves the school stakeholders. However, it still needs improvements on some points of TQM principles.


We present here a new heuristic framework for the variability of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height h based on an extended concept of the similarity theory retaining non-local effects. Based on several sets of well-known data (Wangara, JASIN, ICE-77), the locus of variability of h in the phase-space determined from this similarity framework points to a new combination for the most relevant scales affecting the ABL height. We show that the most likely length scales to explain the variability of the ABL height are the classical MoninObukhov length L and the background static stratification scale LfluJN, where U, is the friction velocity and N the Brunt-Vaisala frequency above the ABL. This concept is applied to a new set of data obtained above a hgh-latitude forested site, i.e., very different from the above mentioned field experiments. The correlation between the heuristic model and observed values of h reaches high values. This model can be applied to a wide range of quasi-stationary situations, so that relatively simple point measurements can be used to implement the model without calling for prognostic model equations and calculations.


The essential ain of these measurments of the dependence of equilibrium pressure on temperature for charcoals with definite charges of carbon tetrachloride was the calculation of heats of sorption by the Clapeyron-Clausius equation. This was effected by plotting each isostere in the form of the logarithm of the pressure against the reciprocal of the absolute temperature, the slope of the resulting linear curve measuring the molecular heat of sorption. A few points regarding experimental detail will be briefly referred to. The number of pressure-temperature measurements made on each charged charcoal sample varied between 3 and 13. As each pressure measurement involved opening up the charcoal container to the pressure gauge and connecting tubes (of total volume about 330 c. C.), this space was, prior to turning the container tap, charged with carbon tetrachloride vapour from the supply bulb until its pressure was near to (although still below) the pressure which it was estimated the charged charcoal would exert at the temperature in question. In this way, loss of sorbate from the charcoal during the set of measurements, which might have proved appreciable without this precaution, was reduced to a quite negligible figure.


Social media is a particular communication platform which has witnessed an exponential growth in use and influence in recent years, democratising the communication process, and offering risk communicators a way of putting into practice those principles which are advocated to be at the core of risk management and communication. However, little is known about stakeholders' willingness to embrace this new form of communication in a food crisis. The current study presented an exploratory investigation of the opinions of Irish stakeholders on the position of risk communication in a crisis, with a particular focus on understanding what application social media may have. In-depth one-to-one interviews were carried out with key stakeholders holding frontline positions in managing and communicating about risk in the food sector in Ireland. The stakeholders identified risk communication as a central activity in a food safety crisis, driven by an obligation to protect both consumer health and the reputation of the Irish food sector. Stakeholders relied primarily on risk communication to disseminate information in a crisis so to educate and inform the public on a risk and to prevent confusion and alarmism; most did not explicitly value two-way risk communication in a crisis. The ability to effectively manage future crises may depend on stakeholders' willingness to adapt to the changing communication landscape, namely – their willingness to adopt social media and use it effectively. The findings indicate that the stakeholders interviewed are appreciative of the need to engage with social media in times of a food safety crisis. However, most valued social media as a one-way channel to help spread a message and there was little reference to the interactive nature of this medium. Implications for integrating social media into crisis risk communication strategies are discussed.


In order to obtain better vibration suppression effect, this paper designs a semiactive/fully active hybrid isolator by using magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) and piezoelectric material. Combined with multimode control scheme, full frequency vibration suppression is achieved. Firstly, series type structure is determined for the hybrid isolator, and the structure of hybrid isolator is designed. Next, the dynamic model of hybrid isolator is derived, the dynamic characteristics measurement for MRE isolator and piezoelectric stack actuator (PSA) is established, and parameters such as voltage-displacement coefficient, stiffness and damping constant are identified from the experimental results, respectively. Meanwhile, the switch frequency is determined by experimental results of PSA and MRE isolator. Lastly, influence of the stiffness of MRE, control voltage of PSA, and intermediate mass on hybrid isolator system is analyzed by simulations, and the results show that the hybrid isolator proposed is effective.


The temperature characteristics and their effect factors of a radial eccentric gravity heat pipe were investigated experimentally under natural convection and forced convection. For the test, a radial eccentric gravity heat pipe was fabricated with two eccentric pipes of unequal diameters that create an annular vapor space. The radial eccentric heat pipe was sealed with a high vacuum valve by which the filling ratio could be changed. The experiments were performed in the range from 70 to 100℃ and filling ratios (FR) from 15% to 60%. The temperature stability, uniformity and distributions of the outer surface of the outer pipe and the inner surface of the inner pipe were affected by various factors, such as filling ratios, the locations of the heater controller probe and the cooling capabilities of the inner pipe. The wall temperature distributions on both the outer surface of the outer pipe and the inner surface of the inner pipe were monitored and analyzed. The results indicated that the temperature stability of the inner surface of the inner pipe was about ±0.024℃ for 2 h. The maximum temperature difference was 0.142℃ over 20 cm in the central part of the measuring zone and the minimum temperature of the outer surface of the outer pipe appeared underneath the inlet of cooling air. The results also showed that the radial eccentric gravity heat pipes were very promising in the applications of temperature calibration field.


This paper presents the results of the analysis of organic chemicals in different urban dusts. The aim of the research is preliminary evaluation of the presence of organic contaminants in household dust, attic dust and street sediment. Celje area has been chosen as a pilot study site due to availability of sampling materials from previous sampling campaigns. Samples have been tested to the presence of 120 organic compounds. Attic dust contains 98 different organic compounds or 82 % of all measured. Terpenoids, alkylbenzenes and different Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH's), as well as plasticizers, halogenated compounds (among them also PCB's) and pesticides (DDT and degradation products) can be found there. It also contains all of the in this study analysed US-EPA priority pollutants. Street dust contained 70 different organic chemicals (58 %), among them 14 priority pollutants. Traces of aliphatic organic compounds, PAH's, aldehydes and ketones, esters, and plasticizers are found there. House dust contains lowest number of organic compounds. Among 45 detected (38 % of total measured), 8 are priority pollutants. Aliphatic compounds, alkylbenzenes, aldehides, ketones, acids and PAH's can be found there. Current number of analysed samples, as well as only qualitative evaluations were made does not allow making any solid interpretation of obtained results in regarding to the potential sources of chemicals or potential environmental hazards. This study can thus be used only as a guideline for future studies of organic chemicals in urban dusts.


Large structural problems with high precision and complexity require a high-performance computation using the efficient parallel algorithm. The purpose of this paper is to present the parallel performance of thermal-structural coupled analysis tested on a parallel cluster system. In the coupled analysis, the heat transfer analysis is carried out, and then the structural analysis is performed based on temperature distribution. For the automatic and efficient connection of two parallel analysis modules, the several communication patterns were studied. The parallel performance was demonstrated for the sample and the real application problems, such as a laminated composite material by the DNS(Direct Numerical Simulation) approach and an aerospace launch vehicle model.


AIM: To gain tumor endothelium associated antigen genes from human liver cancer vascular endothelial cells (HLCVECs)cDNA expression library, so as to find some new possible targets for the diagnosis and therapy of liver tumor.METHODS: HLCVECs were isolated and purified from a fresh hepatocellular carcinoma tissue sample, and were cultured and proliferated in vitro. A cDNA expression library was constructed with the mRNA extracted from HLCVECs.Anti-sera were prepared from immunized BALB/c mice through subcutaneous injection with high dose of fixed HLCVECs, and were then tested for their specificity against HLCVECs and angiogenic effects in vitro, such as inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of tumor endothelial cells, using immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence,cell cycle analysis and M-I-l- assays, etc. The identified xenogeneic sera from immunized mice were employed to screen the library of HLCVECs by modified serological analyses of recombinant cDNA expression libraries (SEREX).The positive clones were sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics.RESULTS: The primary cDNA library consisted of 2×10^6 recombinants. Thirty-six positive clones were obtained from 6× 10^5 independent dones by immunoscreening. Bio-informatics analysis of cDNA sequences indicated that 36 positive clones represented 18 different genes. Among them, 3 were new genes previously unreported, 2 of which were hypothetical genes. The other 15 were already known ones. Series analysis of gene expression (SAGE) database showed that ERP70,GRP58, GAPDH, SSB, $100A6, BMP-6, DVS27, HSP70 and NAC alpha in these genes were associated with endothelium and angiogenesis, but their effects on HLCVECs were still unclear. GAPDH, $100A6, BMP-6 and hsp70 were identified by SEREX in other tumor cDNA expression libraries.CONCLUSION: By screening of HLCVECs cDNA expression library using sera from immunized mice with HLCVECs,the functional genes associated with tumor endothelium or angiogenesis were identified. The modified SEREX,xenogeneic functional s