There are two related poset structures, the higher Stasheff?Tamari orders, on the set of all triangulations of the cyclic d polytope with n vertices. In this paper it is shown that both of them have the homotopy type of a sphere of dimension n?d? 3. Moreover, we resolve positively a new special case of the Generalized Baues Problem: the Baues poset of all polytopal decompositions of a cyclic polytope of dimension d? 3 has the homotopy type of a sphere of dimensionn?d? 2.


Primary syphilis of the tonsil is presented in four cases where darkfield examination of a suspected chancre was positiye. All subjects admitted to recent oral sexual contact. Serological tests confirmed the diagnosis in three of the cases.


Innovation is also an essential part of a business start-up process. Many new ventures grow around a creative idea or a decision to put a new company model on the market. Spontaneously, some revolutionary innovations arise, but most commonly, they emerge out of a deliberately designed and organised phase of the invention. They will need a detailed strategic strategy to bring one's designs to fruition and funding to help users design, test, and sell the inventions. To minimise operating costs, improve performance, increase sales and enhance customer service, many organisations use artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Businesses should consider putting the entire range of intelligent technology into their systems and goods, including artificial learning, natural language processing and more, for the maximum gain. Also, companies that are new to AI, though, will reap big rewards.


Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks which have been completely covered by the security community, today pose a potential new menace in the software defined networks (SDN) architecture. For example, the disruption of the SDN controller could interrupt data communication in the whole SDN network. DDoS attacks can produce a great number of new and short traffic flows (e.g., a series of TCP SYN requests), which may launch spiteful flooding requests to overcharge the controller and cause flow-table overloading attacks at SDN switches. In this research work, we propose a lightweight and practical mitigation mechanism to protect SDN architecture against DDoS flooding threats and ensure a secure and efficient SDN-based networking environment. Our proposal extends the Data Plane (DP) with a classification and mitigation module to analyze the new incoming packets, classify the benign requests from the SYN flood attacks, and perform the adaptive countermeasures. The simulation results indicate that the proposed defending mechanism may efficiently tackle the DDoS flood attacks in the SDN architecture and also in the downstream servers.


Parent actions for component fields are utilized to derive the dual of supersymmetric U(1) gauge theory in 4 dimensions. Generalization of the Seiberg-Witten map to the component fields of noncommutative supersymmetric U(1) gauge theory is analyzed. Through this transformation we proposed parent actions for noncommutative supersymmetric U(1) gauge theory as generalization of the ordinary case. Duals of noncommutative supersymmetric U(1) gauge theory are obtained. Duality symmetry under the interchange of fields with duals accompanied by the replacement of the noncommutativity parameter Θμν with μν = g2μνρσΘρσ of the non-supersymmetric case is broken at the level of actions. We proposed a noncommutative parent action for the component fields which generates actions possessing this duality symmetry.


Biological and serological properties of staphylococcal enterotoxins exhibit remarkable thermal stability. The slope of the thermal destruction curve (z value) for enterotoxin A or D is 27–28 C and it is 32 C for enterotoxin B regardless of the initial concentration of enterotoxin, the heating medium, or the assay system used to detect the enterotoxin. Thermal stability of enterotoxins is influenced by the nature of the food, pH, presence of NaCl, etc., and the type of enterotoxin; enterotoxin A is relatively more stable to heat at pH 6.0 (or higher) than at pH 4.5–5.5. Enterotoxin D is relatively more stable at pH 4.5–5.5 than at pH 6.0 or greater. Heat treatments commonly used in food processing, that is pasteurization (72 C for 15 sec) or ultrahigh temperature heating (290 F for 9 sec) in a "Spiratherm" Unit of Fluid whole milk, or smoking and heating of cured sausage to 70–100 C, or heating of Cheddar cheese to 70–90 C, are not effective for complete destruction (to levels below detection by the micro...


When Plato argues in Republic 9 that the philosophic life is the most authentic because it is "filled" more truly by things which "exist more" than other forms of life, some commentators find themselves at a loss to know what he means. Yet Plotinus is surely stranger still, for he seems to suggest that all creativity presupposes that everything be filled not with being, but with seeing. But by "everything" does he mean sensibilia or intelligibilia or both? In this chapter author wants to see if he can make any sense of what Plotinus has to say. My hunch is that he is talking about being or even οὐσία very much inside the tradition of Plato and Aristotle, and so any light that can be shed upon his meaning in III.8 will also be useful for understanding Plato and Aristotle on subject of creation and creativity. Keywords: οὐσία; Aristotle; creativity; philosophic life; Plato; Plotinus; Republic 9; sensibilia


At least one company says it is almost ready to try using human embryonic stem cells in patients. But several hurdles remain.


Reading plays a very important part in quality education. The attendants in the reading room should make the most of this front and do their duties in quality education by effective means and methods.


with both and are also that on involved in large-scale in human cohorts with experiments in that FKBP5, a protein implicated in stress physiology, independent human cohorts n > 3,000), aging synergized with stress-related phenotypes, with childhood and major depression to epigenetically up-regulate FKBP5 expression. These age/ stress-related epigenetic effects were recapitulated in a cellular model of replicative senescence, whereby we exposed replicating human fibroblasts to stress (glucocorticoid) hormones. Unbiased genome-wide analyses in human blood linked higher FKBP5 mRNA with a proinflammatory profile and altered NF- κ B – related gene networks. Accordingly, experiments in immune cells showed that higher FKBP5 promotes inflammation by strengthening the interactions of NF- κ B regulatory kinases, whereas opposing FKBP5 either by genetic deletion (CRISPR/Cas9-mediated) or selective pharmacological inhibi-tion prevented the effects on NF- κ B. Further, the age/stress-related epigenetic signature enhanced FKBP5 response to NF- κ B through a positive feedback loop and was present in individuals with a history of acute myocardial infarction, a disease state linked to peripheral inflammation. These findings suggest that aging/stress-driven FKBP5 – NF- κ B signaling mediates inflammation, potentially contributing to cardiovascular risk, and may thus point to novel biomarker and treatment possibilities.


The Aboriginal people of Australia speak many different languages and dialects, and while neighbouring speech communities (a group of people speaking the same language or dialect) may be able to converse with each other, slightly more distant groups may not be able to. The vast number of different speech communities has presented great problems for the delivery of health services to Aboriginal people, especially as, in the past, non-Aboriginal people have been mainly involved in health care. The employment of increasing numbers of Aboriginal health workers will reduce the size of this problem, but many may still have to work in a speech community different from their own.


To study the photo-grafting performance of acrylamide (AM) onto cellulose and the mechanical behavior of grafted cellulose, Whatman 41 filter paper was grafted with 30% AM in methanol by UV radiation using in situ technique. The amount of grafting (Gf) and tensile properties like tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Eb) were studied. In order to improve the tensile properties, cellulose was pretreated under UV and gamma radiations at different radiation intensities and subjected to grafting with 30% AM under in situ UV radiation. Cellulose was also pretreated by alkali (5% NaOH) along with UV and gamma radiations with different intensities and grafted with AM under UV radiation. Among the treatments, the alkali + UV irradiated 30% AM grafted sample showed the best mechanical performance (TS = 200%, Eb = 250%).


The regional ecological compensation mechanism is discussed,and the implementation of the ecological compensation mechanism of Tongyu River is studied.The effects of the implementation of regional ecological compensation mechanism on Yangzhou city are analyzed,and the corresponding countermeasures are proposed.


Closely-spaced (but resolved) targets pose a significant challenge for single-frame unique measurement-to-track data association algorithms. This is due to the similarity of the Mahalanobis distances between the closely-spaced measurements and tracks. Contrary to conventional wisdom, adding target feature information (e.g., target amplitude) does not necessarily improve the probability of correctly assigning measurements to tracks. In this paper, the theoretical limitations of using radar cross section (RCS) data to aid in measurement-totrack association are reviewed. The results of a high-fidelity simulation assessment of the benefits of RCSaided measurement-to-track association (using the Signal-to-Noise Ratio) are given and other possibilities for RCS-aided tracking are discussed. Namely, we show the analytical results of our investigation into using RCS information to determine the presence of merged measurements.


The aim of this special issue is to present an interdisciplinary overview of migrant workers vulnerabilities. The contributions all deal with the vulnerabilities of EU and third-country national (TCN) migrant workers with legal residence in a receiving state within the EU. Four of the seven articles that make up this special issue were presented as working papers at the UACES annual conference in Cork in 2014, for the panel on 'Vulnerabilities of Regular Labour Migration in the EU'.


Student teaching evaluations attempt to provide information about an instructor's teaching effectiveness. While the majority of evaluations consist of written questionnaires administered at the end of the academic term, mid-term evaluations can provide timely and useful feedback. Many instructors regard the use of evaluations for personnel decisions with distrust, especially since concerns have been raised about the validity and bias of these instruments. Although many articles have been written about teaching evaluations, this topic still needs to be researched and discussed in construction management education. This article discusses the most common approaches to student teaching evaluation, as well as the concerns that have been raised by educators and researchers about their use. Further research needs are discussed in its Conclusion.


A majority of anthropologists find race to be a biologically meaningless concept and use terms such as ethnicity, which has acknowledged cultural components, to describe the diversity of human populations. While some medical journal editors have issued statements agreeing with this position, many medical researchers continue to use race as a demographic variable. A survey of articles in the journal Pediatrics was compared to articles published in the Journal of the American Medical Association and the New England Journal of Medicine. Over 50% of the articles reviewed used the term race or "coded" racial terms such as "blacks," suggesting that an anthropological approach has not been incorporated into the literature. In the journal Pediatrics, non-U.S. studies were more likely to specify geography (39.9% vs. 29.9%), while race/ethnicity was more often specified for U.S. populations (61.0 % vs. 13.2%). Only 44 (8.9%) of the papers in all three journals that describe race or ethnicity used more specific categorizations (e.g., Vietnamese American) than the traditional racial groupings of White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, Native American, and Pacific Islander. The discussion focuses on a comparatively simple way to incorporate appropriate demographic information into a study where funding, time, sample size, sample diversity, or other factors limit the ethnogenetic aspects of the research, including a prototype questionnaire. Fuller understanding of the environmental, cultural, and genetic interactions that affect health in both children and adults will not be possible until these variables are incorporated into both basic and clinical medical research.


The Middle Ordovican to Llandovery rugose corals are abundant in the Yangtze Region,especially in the Llandovery(Aeronian—Telychian).Altogether 113 genera of Rugosa have been reported from the region comprising two genera from the Middle Ordovician,25 genera from the Late Ordovican and 86 from the Llandovery,about 39 genera [including 27 genera reported by He and Chen(2004),and a further 12 in this paper] first made their appearance in the Yangtze Region from where they dispersed to Central Asia,Europe,North America and other adjacent regions.The 12 additional genera reported here paper as having their earliest occurrence in the Yangtze Region are Yohophyllum,Palaeophyllum,Pseudophaulactis,Protopilophyllum,Pilophyllum,Neobrachyelasma,Nanshanophyllum,Paraphillipsastraea,Dentilasma,Oliveria,Pseudmaplexus and Mazaphyllum.Together with precious records,this new material strengthens our view that the Yangtze Region was a centre of origin for Middle-Late Ordovician and Llandovery rugose corals.The Middle Ordovician Rugosa of this region are characterized by the calostylids Calostylis and Yohophyllum.The Late Ordovician rugosan fauna from the Sanjushan Formation of western Zhejiang Province,on the other hand,contains some Australian elements(Hillophyllum and Bowanophyllum), whereas latest Ordovician rugose coral fauna from the Kuanyinchiao Bed in the Upper Yangtze Region is very similar to that of North Europe,indicating that the Yangtze Region and North Europe had a close palaeobiogeographic affinity with each other at that time.The Llandovery rugose fauna of the Yangtze Region however is much more similar to that of Siberia,Kazakhstan,Australia and SW Japan,possessing some genera in common(see TableⅠ).Eight rugosan genera and species are described and illustrated: Neobrachyelasma sp.aff.balchaschicum Nikolaeva,Amsdenoides sp.,Nanshanophyllum sp.,Idiophyllum tenlatum(Jin),Paraphillisastraea jianbaoensis Jin,Stylopleura sp.,Schlotheimophyllum sp.and Mazaphyllum sp.


Electromagnetic NDT methods and in particular eddy currents play an important role in nondestructive testing of conducting materials. In testing conductive structures, rectangular coils are often more useful than circular coils. A particular configuration consists of two rectangular coils located above the conductive plates, one placed parallel to the plates serving as an excitation coil and the other perpendicular to the plates serving as a sensing coil. In this work we derive analytical expressions for the induced voltage variations in the pick-up coil. Then the influences of the plate thickness, the exciting frequency and the moving speed of the conductor on the induced voltage variation are analyzed. The analytical calculation results are verified using the finite element method.


Despite advances in our understanding of the processes driving contemporary sea level rise, the stability of the Antarctic ice sheets and their contribution to sea level under projected future warming remains uncertain due to the influence of strong ice‐climate feedbacks. Disentangling these feedbacks is key to reducing uncertainty. Here we present a series of climate system model simulations that explore the potential effects of increased West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) meltwater flux on Southern Ocean dynamics. We project future changes driven by sectors of the WAIS, delivering spatially and temporally variable meltwater flux into the Amundsen, Ross, and Weddell embayments over future centuries. Focusing on the Amundsen Sea sector of the WAIS over the next 200 years, we demonstrate that the enhanced meltwater flux rapidly stratifies surface waters, resulting in a significant decrease in the rate of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation. This triggers rapid pervasive ocean warming (>1°C) at depth due to advection from the original site(s) of meltwater input. The greatest warming is predicted along sectors of the ice sheet that are highly sensitized to ocean forcing, creating a feedback loop that could enhance basal ice shelf melting and grounding line retreat. Given that we do not include the effects of rising CO2—predicted to further reduce AABW formation—our experiments highlight the urgent need to develop a new generation of fully coupled ice sheet climate models, which include feedback mechanisms such as this, to reduce uncertainty in climate and sea level projections.


Background: The transition from fetal to neonatal circulation is a complex physiological phenomenon, influenced by umbilical cord clamping and lung aeration, which triggers an increase in pulmonary blood flow and left ventricular preload. Although clinical evidence suggests that delayed cord clamping (DCC) prevents complications of haemodynamic instability, such as cerebrovascular injury, the cardiovascular consequences of DCC have not been investigated yet in humans. Methods: Echocardiography was performed in 46 term vigorous infants before DCC, immediately after DCC, and at 5 minutes of life. Pulsed-wave Doppler-derived cardiac output and the pulmonary artery acceleration time indexed to the right ventricle ejection time, as a proxy of right ventricular afterload, were obtained. As markers of pre- and afterload fluctuations, the myocardial performance indexes and the velocities of the tricuspid and mitral valve annuli were determined with tissue Doppler imaging. Heart rate was derived from Doppler imaging and obtained throughout the assessments. Echocardiographic parameters were compared across the three timepoints using repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman's test. Results: DCC occurred at a median of 65 seconds (interquartile range 60-70). Left ventricular output increased throughout the first minutes of life (mean(SD): 222.4(32.5) mL/Kg/min before CC vs. 239.7(33.6) mL/Kg/min at 5 minutes, P=0.01), while right ventricular output dropped after CC (306.5(48.2) mL/Kg/min before CC vs. 272.8(55.5) mL/Kg/min immediately after CC, P=0.001). Right ventricular afterload rose after CC, decreasing in the following minutes. The tissue Doppler measurements showed that the loading conditions of both ventricles were transiently impaired by CC, recovering at 5 minutes. The heart rate progressively decreased after birth, following a linear trend temporarily disrupted by CC. Forward stepwise regression indicated that the variation in left ventricular output across the CC was directly correlated to the fluctuation of left ventricular preload over the same period (P=0.03). Conclusion: This study unveils the cardiovascular consequences of DCC in term vigorous infants and offers insight into the haemodynamic transition from fetal to neonatal circulation in humans. Strategies that aim to enhance left ventricular preload before CC, such as initiating ventilation with an intact umbilical cord in apneic infants, may prevent complications of perinatal cardiovascular imbalance.


As association between Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma of
the esophagus is relatively frequent. Survival with adenocarcinoma is generally poor.
Routine surveillance endoscopy is suggested with generous biopsy material and brush
cytology to detect either high grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Individual cases of high grade dysplasia should be independently
confirmed by another pathologist familiar with dysplasia grading.
Esophagectomy should be recommended for those patients with high grade dysplasia
whose risk for surgery is outweighed by the possible presence or development of
cancer.


This paper studies the adaptive FEC control algorithms to improve control the amount of redundancy. The recently adaptive FEC "CNR algorithm" considers the history of packet loss in the network before changing the amount of redundancy and does not waste time. The performance of the CNR algorithm is used for simulation model. The smoothing parameter is varied in order to adapt and changed the characteristics of time series from the packet loss. Result shows the adaptive error control algorithm can decrease the loss rate by using a variability smoothing factor to appropriate network condition.


The role and participation of renewable energy in competitive markets are key issues for sustainable energy development. A number of basic concerns, such as government policy, regulatory and incentive measures have yet to be resolved. In this connection, discussion on development of renewable energy in the context of promoting sustainable use of energy including incentives, acceptance, market and policy measures as well as a case review for possible promoting the use of RE in the future Hong Kong electricity market reform is presented in the paper. Index Terms – RE, renewables, open electricity market


book becomes a useful reference work on such themes as instrumentation and Islamic astronomical handbooks. The 200 pages of appendices with editions and analyses of many relevant geographical tables from manuscripts and instruments form an extremely useful addition to E. S. & M.-H. Kennedy, Geographical Coordinates of Localities from Islamic Sources (Frankfurt am Main, 1987). Among only few minor points of criticism, it may be mentioned that the mathematical explanations in the book are not as extensive as this reviewer would have deemed desirable. For methods of calculating the qibla the reader is referred to other publications that use different notations. The ®nal steps of the construction of the grid on the two qibla indicators are extremely dif®cult to follow, whereas the provided reference Charette, ``Procedure'' is missing from the bibliography. Confusion also arises in Section 6.7 at the bottom of p. 249 (the reference to Fig. 6.7.2 should probably be to Fig. 6.7.3) when the actual, accurate and reconstructed grids are compared: the actual and accurate grids turn out to ``agree', and the reconstructed grid is ``barely discernible from the accurate one'', although Figures 6.7.1 and 6.7.2 show obvious differences between the accurate and reconstructed grids. The omission of some symbols from Figures (D from Fig. 2.4.1, W from Fig. 2.4.2, G' and T from Fig. 6.6.1) may have been deliberate, but the references in the text to a grid constant k that, except on p. 339, does not occur in the formulas concerned (see pp. 239, 240, and 245) seems to have been simply forgotten. The reference to Fig. 6.6.3b on p. 236 should be to Fig. 6.7.2. The reviewer also had some problems with King's use of footnotes. Three notes in a single sentence are no exception and often the text of the notes takes up more than half of the page. The information in some very long footnotes could better have been given its own place in a separate section or an appendix. Furthermore, many of the footnotes contain (occasionally circular) references to other footnotes, rather than directly to sections of the text, page numbers, or bibliography entries. In general, King has his own very ``personal'' style of writing with a copious, not always obvious use of citations, occasional bold face text and exclamation marks, and frequent anecdotes unrelated to the text. This style will appeal to some readers but will probably irritate others. Since the publication of King's book, a third instrument of the same type has surfaced in the United States. It is as re®ned as the one discovered in 1989 and as complete as the one that showed up in 1995. Alas, even though this third example is signed with a different common name, it does not solve the remaining problems of the qibla indicators. It seems that only a Safavid manuscript, possibly hidden in an obscure Iranian library, may some day shed more light on the construction of the three instruments and allow us to fully appreciate their historical context. In the meantime, King has written a fascinating, beautifully illustrated book that should be read by any person interested in Islamic science or the history of mathematical geography. Benno van Dalen


In this paper, we propose a novel semisupervised Gaussian regression approach for the estimation of biophysical parameters from remote sensing data with limited training samples. During the learning phase, unlabeled samples are exploited to inflate the training set. The estimation of the targets associated with these samples is carried out by solving an optimization problem formulated within a genetic optimization framework. The search process of the target estimates is guided by the separate or joint optimization of two different criteria expressing the generalization capabilities of the GP estimator. The first is the empirical risk quantified in terms of the mean square error (MSE) measure; and the second is the log marginal likelihood. This last merges two terms expressing the model complexity and the data fit capability, respectively. Experimental results obtained on a real dataset representing chlorophyll concentrations in coastal waters confirm the interesting capabilities of the proposed approach.


All soils naturally contain some plant nutrients derived from decomposition of soil minerals and organic matter. Phosphorus P and potassium K added in fertilizers, manures and crop residues generally remain in the soil until used by crops. Many soils along the Wasatch Front are naturally high in phosphorus and potassium. With the regular use of composts or manures, many gardens will have adequate P and K levels. Over fertilizing can lead to salt and micronutrient problems. Garden sites on poor soils or subsoils frequently benefit from phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Where nutrients are low, plant growth may be limited unless fertilizer is applied to establish a basic fertility level. A soil test is the best method to indicate whether P or K fertilizer is needed. It is recommended that home gardeners have their soil tested every 5 years.


The energy density of conventional graphite anode batteries is insufficient to meet the requirement for portable devices, electric cars, and smart grids. As a result, researchers have diverted to lithium metal anode batteries. Lithium metal has a theoretical specific capacity (3,860 mAh·g-1) significantly higher than that of graphite. Additionally, it has a lower redox potential of -3.04 V compared to standard hydrogen electrodes. These properties make high-energy lithium metal batteries a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage devices, which have garnered significant interest for several years. However, the high activity of lithium metal anodes poses safety risks (e.g., short circuits and thermal runaway) that hinder their commercial growth. Currently, modification of reversible lithium anodes is the primary focus of lithium metal batteries. This article presents conceptual models and numerical simulations that address failure processes and offer specific techniques to mitigate the challenges of lithium metal anodes, including electrolyte design, interface engineering, and electrode modification. It is expected that lithium metal batteries will recover and become a feasible energy storage solution.


Effective management of students" records underpins decision making, protects rights of students and helps universities conduct business and services in a consistent and equitable manner. Thus, this study investigated the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on students" records management effectiveness in Nigerian universities. A survey design was employed for the study. The population consisted of 1,123 students" records officers and 470 university administrators from randomly selec ted federal, state and private universities in south-south geo-political zone of Nigeria. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the sample for the study consisting of 564 records officers and 237 administrators giving a sum of 801. A to tal of 531 copies of the questionnaire were validly completed and returned making it 66.3% successful. Data was collected with a self structured questionnaire validated with overall Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient =0.81. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were employed to analyze data processed from responses of the survey. The results revealed that at the 0.05 level of significance, the p -values of (0.9324, 0.8478 and 0.0004) indicated information and communication technology (ICT) had negative and insignificant influence on students" records management effectiveness in the federal and state universities, but had significant and positive influence on in the private universities. Since this study has established that the Nigerian Universit ies operate both paper and electronic records management system, the researcher recommended that government should come up with a model for the effective combination of electronic and manual records management procedure for students" records that will suit the Nigerian environment.


Acknowledgments. Preface. PART ONE: A LAND TRANSFORMED: TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS AND ADAPTATION:. 1.: No 'free lunches'. 2.: 'Wasting' the land. 3.: Judging the judges. 4.: Equipping the farm. 5.: Adding value on the station. PART TWO: BEYOND THE MARKET: INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATIONS AND ADAPTATION:. 6.: Taking collective action. 7.: Supplying public goods. Conclusion: Creativity in early Australia. Appendix: A note on sources for technical change in farming. Bibliography. Index


The mechanical behavior of a polymer reinforced composite material under mechanical and environmental conditions was simulated by means of a computational micromechanics approach. Within this framework, a representative volume element RVE of the composite material is discretized using three dimensional finite elements and the microstructure taken into account explicitly –including fiber-matrix topology-. The simulation strategy takes into account the competition of the different failure mechanisms experimentally observed for unidirectional composite laminas such matrix plasticity and interface decohesion.


Abstract The cyanoamidation of olefins was achieved. When N-(2-vinylphenyl)cyanoformamides were treated with palladium catalyst, intramolecular cyanoamidation took place to give corresponding 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles. P(t-Bu)3 showed a remarkable effect on this reaction. When it was used with Pd(dba)2, the reaction was completed in 15 min at 100 °C for many substrates. Furthermore, the enantioselective cyanoamidation was accomplished with Pd(dba)2 and an optically active phosphoramidite to provide optically active 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles. Manipulation of the resulting oxindoles has been studied.


Tata Motors' top UK engineer explains to Jon Excell how British expertise is driving innovation for the Indian car market


Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Ma Molecular Engineering, East China Univers 200237, P. R. China. E-mail: weibingzhang@ CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science fo Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Scien † Electronic supplementary information ( enriched glycopeptide, the reusability molecular masses and proposed oligosac glycopeptides from human IgG and HR ratios of the six maximal glycopeptide N-glycosylation sites identied from 10.1039/c6ra24236g Cite this: RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 113058


Investigated the procedure of multiwavelet,then introduced the basis theories of multiwavelet including MRA,properties,decomposition and reconstruction presented and several multiwavelet construction methods, discussed the applications of multiwavelet.


The present study aims at the development and validation of a quali-quantitative headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME GC-MS) method for the analysis of odorants in different Chinese and Japanese green teas. A 65 µm PDMS/DVB fiber was used, and GC-MS was performed on a ZB-5 (30 m × 0.25 mm ID, 0.25 μm film) column. The main odorants in green tea samples were identified and the method was fully validated. Linearity (r2 0.981–0.999), sensitivity (LOQ 0.005–0.04 µg/mL), reproducibility (CV% 3.12–10.37), accuracy (recovery% 79.08–99.17) and matrix effect (ME% −9.5 to +4.5) were determined. Quantitation of 2,4-heptadienal, β-damascenone, β-ionone, linalool, indole, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-pyrazine, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-pyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpirazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazine and 2-acetyl-pyrazine was carried out in the presence of isotopically labeled compounds as the internal standards. The proposed method was applied to the comparison of the profile of the volatile flavor compounds (VFCs) of green tea subjected to roasting treatment at three different temperatures (160, 180 and 200 °C for 30 min). In particular, the roasting process was monitored by following the quantitative variations of the selected odorant content, considered as the most important contributory components to the Hojicha or black tea (roasted tea) flavor. A temperature of 160 °C was found to be the best roasting temperature.


It was found that the surface morphology and residual impurities after substrate-cleaning processes are influenced by the existence of a Si dopant in a GaAs (001) substrate. Atomic-force microscopy observations have revealed that the surface of an undoped substrate after conventional thermal cleaning under an As4 flux is smoother than that of a Si-doped substrate. The surface roughness of Si-doped substrates was greatly improved by cleaning using hydrogen radicals ( H•). Furthermore, secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that the concentrations of residual carbon and oxygen on a H•-cleaned surface were also markedly reduced on undoped substrates, compared to those on Si-doped substrates.


The utility model relates to a semiconductor packaging structure. The structure can effectively reduce packaging volume, timely and effectively conduct heat generated by working of an integrated circuit, and improve work efficiency. The structure comprises a top cover, a pedestal base plate and a chip, wherein the top cover is arranged on the pedestal base plate, a patterned copper strip is arranged at the bottom in the pedestal base plate, the copper strip is connected with an external pin at the external of the pedestal base plate via a metal object traversing a lower portion of the pedestal base plate, an inner end of the copper strip is provided with a projection pad, a chip is arranged in the pedestal base plate above the projection pad, the chip is connected with a metal ball via a chip electrode, the metal ball is connected with the projection pad, colloid is filled between the chip and the top cover, and the top cover, the chip and the pedestal base plate are packaged to be one body. The semiconductor packaging structure is thin in packaging thickness, convenient in packaging and good in heat radiating performance. With the semiconductor packaging structure, procedures are saved, packaging cost is reduced, a bearing base plate can be prepared according to different chip electrode patterns, therefore, the semiconductor packaging structure is suitable for packaging different chips.


The same triangle may tile geometrically distinct surfaces of the same genus, and these tilings may determine isomorphic tiling groups. We determine if there are geometric differences in the surfaces that can be found using group theoretic methods. Specifically, we determine if the systole, the shortest closed geodesic on a surface, can distinguish a certain families of tilings. For example, there are three tilings of surfaces of genus 14 by the hyperbolic triangle with angles π2 , π 3 , and π 7 whose tiling groups are all PSL2(13). These tilings can be distinguished by the lengths of their systoles.


Optical frequency comb (OFC) sources, for their highly desirable properties, they have revolutionized a wide range of applications specifically orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system. OFC sources based on femtosecond erbium fiber laser has emerged as the most commonly used in many applications owing to their advantages of low cost, robustness, compactness, high performance, and flexibility. Here, 300 fs soliton mode-locked pulses were achieved using erbium fiber oscillator based on an efficient Graphene saturable absorber and an external all-fiber pulse compressor consisted of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and 200 m long single-mode fiber (SMF). The proposed system works with a central wavelength of 1557 nm at the desirable communication band. The output power of the system and its corresponding pulse energy were 9.29 mW and 1.858 nJ, respectively, at a maximum pump power of 92.6 mW. The designed system is entirely fiber based, with no free-space optics and uses only standard telecommunication equipment. The results of this experiment demonstrate that the simple design of mode-locked fiber oscillator with an external compressor can provide a compact, portable, robust, reliable and high-performance femtoseconds frequency comb.


Summary: This article investigates the operation of lottery game in Colombia since the end of the Hispanic domain period, the process of Independence and the first years of republican life. The methodology involves a descriptive and qualitative study based on consultation of primary sources of that time. It is noticed that in the old Spanish regime and the Republican lottery system was in charge of official agencies who made this system, not a philanthropic matter as they had originally proposed, but a process to cover the few state coffers. Keywords: New Kingdom of Granada, Colombia, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, Game, Random Process, Leisure, Entertainment.


Many studies have shown that honour and shame were core social values in the ancient Mediterranean world. Claims that are being made in these studies are usually based on classical writings. Unfortunately these scholars seldom consult patristic writings. In this article it is argued that the ancient theologians were aware of these social values. It will be shown that honour and shame were key concepts in Chrysostom's exegesis of Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians. This is understandable since the ancient theologians were children of the Mediterranean world, and therefore they had first-hand knowledge of these values. Modern scholars who take the historical-critical approach serious, have come to realise how important it is to read the Bible according to its appropriate cultural context. This includes appreciation of honour and shame as social core values. These scholars will benefit from reading Chrysostom because he too employed shame and honour in his exegesis of biblical texts.


Component extraction is a technique for extracting the latent components that underlie the observation of a set of variables. In the paper both classical Principal component analysis (PCA) and autoassociative principal component neural network (PCNN) methods with minimum mean square error (MSE) criterion are compared with the corresponding extended component extraction methods with Minimum error entropy (MEE) criterion in theory. A Parzen window estimator based approximative computation method for entropy is provided, and the equivalence between MSE and MEE criteria is also analyzed.


Highly endo-diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions between acrylates derived from methyl (R)- and (S)-lactate, as chiral dipolarophiles, and azomethine ylides derived from glycine and α-substituted amino acids are described. The origins of the observed excellent stereocontrol are interpreted on the basis of computational studies on model systems. This methodology was successfully employed for the first asymmetric synthesis of both enantiomers, as well as of its racemic form, of a biologically active pyrrolidine (hepatitis C virus inhibitor) incorporating a leucine residue and a 2-thienyl group. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)


The study is an attempt to examine the weakness in the current method of reporting and treating the human capital value within the firm reporting system. A survey method was adopted using structured questionnaire the chi-square a non-parametric method of data analysis with used for the interpretation and data analysis. The study revealed that capitalizing the value of human capital using the discounted usage system means accepted as obviously better than the current realization method. It was recommended that productivity rather than only training and qualification should be used for promotion and value determination.


ABSTRACT Analysing a set of 200 cryptocurrencies over the period from 2015 to 2019, we document a significant return reversal effect that holds at the daily, weekly, and monthly rebalancing frequencies and is robust to controls for differences in size, turnover, and illiquidity. Moreover, the reversal effect persists during both halves of our sample period and following periods of both high and low market implied volatility. Consistent with the effect being driven by a combination of market inefficiency and compensation for liquidity provision, we find reversals are most pronounced among smaller capitalization and less liquid cryptocurrencies.


We carried out time-resolved V-band photometry of DM Lyr during long outbursts in 1996 July and in 1996 February–March at Ouda Station, Kyoto University, and atOsaka Kyoiku University. Since superhumps were clearly detected in the light curves, DM Lyr was first identified as being an SU UMa-type dwarf nova. The superhump period is 0.0673(2)d, and the superhump excess is 2.8(3)%. The duration of the superoutburst, the outburst amplitude, the decline rate in the plateau phase, and the superhump excess were typical values for a usual SU UMa star. According to visual and CCD observations reported to VSNET, this star has experienced a dramatic change of the outburst pattern from a superoutburst phase to a normal outburst phase. There may exist mechanisms to decrease the number of normal outbursts between two successive superoutburstsand to elongate the recurrence cycle of the superoutburst.


Some friction, wear characteristics and the frictional oxidation of a highly pure, dense polycrystal Ti3AlC2 bulk dry sliding against low carbon steel were investigated. Tests were carried out on a block-on-disk type high speed friction tester, and several sliding speeds of 20 m/s to 60 m/s as well as several normal pressures of 0.2 MPa to 0.8 MPa were selected. The results show that the friction coefficient decreases and the Ti3AlC2 wear rate increases with increase in sliding speed. The increase of normal pressure results in the increasing of the Ti3AlC2 wear rate, only it has a smaller effect on the friction coefficient. At 60 m/s and 0.8 MPa, the friction coefficient becomes as small as 0.1, and the wear rate of Ti3AlC2 is of only about 2.5×10–6 mm3/(N.m). The very low friction coefficient and wear rate can be attributed to the presence of a frictional oxide film consisting of amorphous Ti, Al and Fe oxides, which have a significant antifriction effect on the friction surfaces.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the state of the art of socio-economic damage assessment following oil spills as a first step in developing a comparative methodology of use both to social scientists and lawyers in damage claim litigation. The conclusions reached are, first, that socio-economic baseline studies must be developed in areas potentially at risk if post-spill studies are to have any meaning. Secondly, post-spill data must be handled in uniform modes. Finally, development of predictive models is considered and assessed.


The major objective of this paper is to empirically examine the effect of process maturity on the performance of industrial RD and links it to the R&D performance that consists of technical, commercial and managerial successes. The model also includes firm size as a moderator of different effects that process maturity may have across firms. Measures for process maturity are based on the best practices identified in literature. Data are obtained from 77 successful R&D projects carried out by Korean manufacturing firms. Multiple regression and t-test are used to test proposed hypotheses. Findings are as follows. (1) In the R&D process, process maturity partially contributes to the performance of R&D projects. More specifically, goal setting and controlling-related practices drive both technical and commercial successes, while process learning-related practices drive commercial success. In contrast, traditionally emphasized elements such as structured process or metrics are found not to be significant. (2) The degree of process maturity is significantly higher in large firms. (3) Process maturity impacts on commercial success in the case of large firms, whereas it does on technical success in the case of small firms. The results imply that the TQM principles are partially associated with R&D performance, and the nature of benefit from high maturity could vary according to firm size.


Given a set of n points in d-dimensional Euclidean space, S ⊂ E, and a query point q ∈ E, we wish to determine the nearest neighbor of q, that is, the point of S whose Euclidean distance to q is minimum. The goal is to preprocess the point set S, such that queries can be answered as efficiently as possible. We assume that the dimension d is a constant independent of n. Although reasonably good solutions to this problem exist when d is small, as d increases the performance of these algorithms degrades rapidly. We present a randomized algorithm for approximate nearest neighbor searching. Given any set of n points S ⊂ E, and a constant ǫ > 0, we produce a data structure, such that given any query point, a point of S will be reported whose distance from the query point is at most a factor of (1 + ǫ) from that of the true nearest neighbor. Our algorithm runs in O(log n) expected time and requires O(n log n) space. The data structure can be built in O(n) expected time. The constant factors depend on d and ǫ. Because of the practical importance of nearest neighbor searching in higher dimensions, we have implemented a practical variant of this algorithm, and show empirically that for many point distributions this variant of the algorithm finds the nearest neighbor in moderately large dimension significantly faster than existing practical approaches.


This paper compares two main sensorless control techniques for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM): flux-linkage observer (FLO) and extended Kalman filter (EKF). This paper investigates experimentally five aspects via FLO and EKF: the error of estimated position, speed response, variable speed tuning, the ability of speed zero crossing and convergence in the estimation for position transition in four-quadrants


Objective] To assess the β carotene property of inducing cytochrome P450 for bioactivating benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P) and cigarette smoke condensate(TAR) using the improved BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay. [Methods] BALB/c 3T3 cells were plated at a density of 10 000 cells per 5 ml plate in twelve replicates per each treatment. After 24 hours,the cells were exposed to the test chemicals,and cultured for one week,then the cytotoxicity was determined. The remaning ten plates were incubated in fresh DMEM/F12 medium containing 2% serum and 1%ITES(200 μg/ml of insulin,200 μg/ml of transferrin,12 2 μg/ml of ethanolamine and 0 034 μg/ml of sodium selenite). The medium was changed twice a week. On 25 th day,the cells were fixed with methanol and stained with 2 5% Giemsa solution;2 mm foci in diameter were counted. [Results] 0 1,1 μmol/L of β carotene,10 μmol/L of α naphthoflavone ,10 μmol/L of B(a)P and 2 μg/ml of TAR showed non toxic or only slightly toxic. Transformation frequency of B(a)P and TAR was markedly enhanced by 1 μmol/L of β carotene, and the formation of foci was significantly reduced in the presence of α naphthoflavone . [Conclusion] The enhanced effect of β carotene in the formation of transformation foci by B(a)P and TAR was inhibited by α naphthoflavone. This finding suggested that co carcinogenic effect of β carotene results from inducing cytochrome P450 enzyme.


The Ninth Circuit evaluated the antitrust implications of multiproduct or "bundled" discounts in Cascade Health Solutions v. PeaceHealth, CV-02-06032 (Sept. 4, 2007). In doing so, the Ninth…


This thesis explores the relationship between the level of entry requirements and
subsequent student attainment on Occupational Therapy degree programmes. It
questions the justification for the continued rise in the level of entry qualifications
since the early 1990s. It also considers whether students' personal qualities should
be seen as equally important when considering entry to a vocational programme.
The thesis begins With a review of the evoiution of Occupational Therapy as a
profession and considers the development of training courses from diploma
through to degree validation. A range of literature is discussed in relation to the
role of qualifications in education and training including degrees in the training of
professionals and issues of professional competence.
An empirical investigation, using quantitative and qualitative methods was
conducted of the relationship between entry requirements and student attainment at
an English university where an Occupational Therapy degree programme has been
placed since 1991. A questionnaire survey provided details of the students' entry
qualifications which were then considered alongside evidence of students' progress
and attainment during the programme and their final degree classification.
Interviews were conducted with lecturers at the university and employers of the
new graduates.
The findings of this thesis did not find any academic rationale to support the rise in
entry qualifications. Rather, the results indicate that had the entry standards been
strictly adhered to, a high percentage of students would not have been eligible to
train. Furthermore, the thesis establishes that more importance should be given to
the role of interviewing prospective students.


Large size steel ingots made of high strength steels suffer from the occurrence of chemical heterogeneities, so-call macrosegregation, which result in non-uniform microstructures and mechanical properties. Therefore, their extent and severity need to be controlled. The ingots are often cast inside pits close to a wall or other ingots due to space limitation. These spatial constraints could result in non-uniform-temperature distribution through the diameter and along the height of the mold. Such non-uniformities may induce different solidification patterns, thereby affecting macrosegregation severity and extent in the cast ingots. However, the effect of different casting spatial configurations on the solidification properties is still not clear and needs to be quantified [1-4].


For most health professions, rural North Carolina has lower relative supply than urban parts of the state. Although there are plenty of innovative models addressing this disparity, a holistic approach is necessary if we want to effect real change.


Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) causes painful abscesses and chronic draining sinus tracts. Its purulent nature suggests an infectious etiology, but most


We investigate the interaction between optimal portfolio choice and fair pricing of specific insurance contracts. In particular, we consider so-called participating policies. We find fair contract specifications in the sense that the market values of future claims to policy holders and equity holders, respectively, are equal to their initial deposits. We motivate that the manager should maximize expected utility for the policy holders and find closed form solutions for the portfolio strategy and final wealth. The utility in the fixed portfolio case is compared to the case with dynamic portfolio choice. The utility loss, measured by a certain equivalent wealth, of not introducing portfolio choice is remarkably high in some situations. We consider both the case where the policy holder might not get the guaranteed amount, and the case where the guarantee is satisfied for sure. We find that fair contract specifications as well as the comparative statics change considerably when we introduce dynamic portfolio choice. The findings suggest that dynamic portfolio choice should not be ignored when analyzing fair life insurance contracts.


Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is extensively used worldwide. The attitudes and perceptions of pharmacy students about CAM may influence their practices upon graduation. In this work, a systematic review was conducted by searching available electronic databases, i.e., Medline, Web of Science, Directory of Open Access Journals, SCOPUS and CINAHL, using CAM-related search terms to summarise pharmacy students' attitudes and perceptions about CAM. Relevant peer-reviewed articles published in English within the years 2000–2014 were included. Pertinent data from eligible articles were recorded in a data-collection form and summarised. A total of 21 out of 2070 studies were included in the review, and nearly all of these studies were cross-sectional surveys. Overall, pharmacy students expressed favourable attitudes towards CAM and tended to believe that CAM could benefit conventional medicine. However, they opposed CAM modalities without scientific evidence. In addition, pharmacy students generally agreed that CAM knowledge was important, and they desired more CAM-related training and education. The Internet and mass media were commonly referred to by the pharmacy students for CAM information. The lack of scientific evidence for CAM was perceived by the students as a major barrier to CAM applications. Our findings may assist pharmaceutical educators in planning for teaching and training related with CAM.


Four-way branched DNA structures (Holliday junctions) are the key intermediates formed during genetic recombination between two duplex DNA molecules. The outcome of recombination at specific DNA sequences may depend on the 3D structure at the junction site. We have used time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer methods to measure interarm distance distributions in a series of related four-way DNA junctions. The aim of these studies is to establish how the global structure and flexibility of the junction are influenced by the base sequence flanking the branch point. Energy transfer donor and acceptor dyes were conjugated to the 5' termini of the DNA strands via a C6 linker. Six pairwise combinations of labeled arms have been examined for each junction, yielding six interarm distance distributions. All the junctions we examined formed `X' shape structures by pairwise stacking of duplex arms, although there were significant differences in the range of interarm distances, depending on the junction sequence. Certain sequences appear to produce a mixture of the two possible stacking arrangements. These studies help to define the molecular interactions that dictate the crossover bias at a specific junction sequence.


Fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and depression are very common in cancer patients. A relationship among the three entities is recognized but poorly understood. Factors that contribute to this poor understanding are the subjective nature of the symptoms, multiple potential causes, and a lack of reliable assessment tools. An understanding of fatigue in cancer patients may benefit from studies of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and other nonmalignant diseases indicating that cognitive impairment varies with physical and mental fatigue, and that symptoms of depression experienced by patients with physical illnesses and primary mood disorders are qualitatively different. The multidimensional nature of fatigue suggests that interventions should be patient‐specific. They could be related to lifestyle or involve the use of specific behavioral or pharmacologic therapies. As is the case with depression and cognitive disorders, targeted interventions against cancer‐related fatigue will benefit from a better understanding of its potential biologic causes. Consideration of cognitive dysfunction and depression complicates the understanding of cancer‐related fatigue; however, it provides opportunities to assist patients who must deal with this serious problem. Cancer 2001;92:1694–98. © 2001 American Cancer Society.


Objective To study the relationship between chromosome polymorphism and recurrent spontaneous abortion.Method Karyotype analysis of chromosomes of 538(1076 cases)couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion and 271(542 cases)couples with normal reproduction were carried out.Results There were 126 cases(11.71%) with chromosome polymorphism in recurrent spontaneous abortion group,the ratio was higher than that of the normal reproduction group(2.58%),P0.01.Chromosomal polymorphism,including 49 cases with the SC region lengthened of chromosome 1,9 and 16,31 cases with the short arm lengthened of chromosome D/G group,25 cases with Y chromosome polymorphism,and 21 cases with inv(9) were observed.Every type of chromosomal polymorphism has higher detection rate in RSA group than in control group.With the times of recurrent spontaneous abortion increased,the rate of chromosome polymorphism detected increased.Conclusion Chromosome polymorphism is related to recurrent spontaneous abortion.


It is shown that the existence of twisted complex scalar fields on black holes can naturally be connected with an infinite set of Dirac magnetic monopoles living on black holes due to nontrivial topological properties of the latter ones. This can lead to an essential contribution to the total luminosity of black hole with respect to the Hawking radiation. The given possibilities for other types of fields are also discussed.


Hardbound. This classic work, now available in paperback, concentrates on the basic models of queueing theory. It has a dual aim: to describe relevant mathematical techniques and to analyse the single server queue and its most important variants.


According to the new Tor network (6.0.5 version) can help the domestic users easily realize "over the wall", and of course criminals may use it to visit deep and dark website also. The paper analyzes the core technology of the new Tor network: the new flow obfuscation technology based on meek plug-in and real instance is used to verify the new Tor network's fast connectivity. On the basis of analyzing the traffic confusion mechanism and the network crime based on Tor, it puts forward some measures to prevent the using of Tor network to implement network crime.


Biconical antennas are widely used in satellites to provide omnidirectional radiation pattern [1] necessary during transfer orbit and on-station communications. Historically, the design of the feeding network has been critical, since the receive antenna must be situated right above of the transmit one to avoid interference. Instead of the traditional use of cables to reduce mass, in this paper a novel feeding configuration, entirely waveguide based, is proposed, as a trade-off between mass and robustness. The use of the Turnstile Junction to solve the spatial disposition conflict also provides a solid and reliable design, essential in space applications. Considerations on the design of the radiating elements and manufacturing will be also presented. Both, simulated performances and final flight model measurements, will be also provided and discussed.


Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-androgenic mechanism of cypermethrin involving coactivators.

Methods
Mammalian two-hybrid assays were performed to study the effects of cypermethrin on interactions of the androgen receptor (AR) with the coactivators androgen receptor-associated protein 70 (ARA70) and androgen receptor-associated protein 55 (ARA55).

Results
The results showed that AR-ARA70 and AR-ARA55 interactions were remarkably enhanced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT, P ≤ 0.05). Cypermethrin inhibited DHT-induced AR-ARA70 and AR-ARA55 interactions significantly ( P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion
The study indicates that cypermethrin exhibits inhibitory effects on AR transcription associated with repression of AR-ARA70 and AR-ARA55 interactions in a ligand-dependent manner. The data show novel anti-androgenic mechanisms of cypermethrin that contribute to male reproductive toxicology.


Attempt was made to delineate the distribution pattern of hot water soluble boron (HWB) in soil profiles supporting tea in few tea estates of south Bank. In each garden representative soil samples were collected from three tea fields supporting tea of different age groups viz., youngish mature (5-10 yrs), mature tea (20-25 yrs) and old tea (>40 yrs) and estimated for hot water soluble B using Azomethine H spectrophotometric method. Results showed that the average hot water soluble B, irrespective of age group, varied from 0.16 to 0.36 mg/kg.  Results also indicated that with the increase in the age of tea, B content in soil was found to decrease irrespective of tea estates.


Abdominal compartment syndrome(ACS) is a fatal organ failure caused by intra-abdominal pressure increase under a variety of pathological conditions.The release of intra-abdominal pressure with decompression surgery and postponement of abdomen suture are effective ways to save the patients.The research about ACS is reported increasingly.The development of the indications and methods of abdominal decompression and postponement of abdomen suture are reviewed.


The corrosion behaviour of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) in sulphate reducing-bacteria (SRB)-free and SRB-containing oil-field production fluid are performed via electrochemical techniques, microscopic imaging, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the corrosion morphology of 2205 DSS in oil field production fluid is pitting corrosion, and the pit becomes deeper in case of bacteria. The corrosion mechanism of 2205 DSS varies depending on the SRB growth stage. Corrosion is inhibited in the steady growth stage, but it is greatly accelerated during the other stages. Observed results of XPS demonstrate that the passivation film obtained in the presence of SRB comprises sulphides of Cr and Fe. The sulphide-containing passivation film is more easily penetrable by aggressive anion and the local corrosion is accelerated compared to the sulphide-free passivation film.


Abstract Computer Tomography  is a medical equipment that is used to identify the internal organs. In the process used when counter to scanning approximately 5000 ms in every good resolution of low-resolution, high in the middle and kolimator scanning using 5 mm, based on testing kolimator 1 mm, 3 mm produces a less clear image, it is because the energy received by a radioactive detector will be exhausted. Image szxe at low resolution 31 pixels x 31 pixels, high resolution of 63 pixels x 63 pixels and high resolution 127 pixels x 127 pixels. Results from high-resolution reconstruction has a more obvious when compared with low and medium resolution, due to more number of pixels and the time required in the longer counters. The results of scanning a result of projected sinogram and reconstructed image produced. Results of numerical and visual and the result is the same as the original test objects, at high resolution has the average e-max 0,196%.


This article examines the multilingual and multimodal practices of British Chinese children in complementary school classes from a multicompetence perspective. Using classroom interaction data from a number of Chinese complementary schools in 3 different cities in England, the article argues that the multicompetence perspective enables a holistic look at codeswitching and modeswitching by multilingual children of minority ethnic background and helps to highlight creativity and criticality—2 important and closely related concepts that have hitherto been underexplored in multilingualism research.


Minute patterns have been fabricated on organosilane self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on scanning probe surface modification. An SAM was prepared on Si substrates from an organosilane precursor. First, using an atomic force microscope (AFM) with a conductive probe, current was injected from the probe into the SAM‐covered Si substrate so that the SAM was locally degraded at the probe‐contacting point. The patterning could be conducted in air while, in vacuum at the order of 10−6 Torr, or in an atmosphere purged with nitrogen, no detectable patterns were fabricated. The presence of adsorbed water at the probe/sample junction was confirmed to be crucial for the patterning of the SAM/Si. Its mechanism was, thus, ascribed to electrochemical reactions of the SAM with adsorbed water. Furthermore, we demonstrated the chemical conversion of terminal functional groups on the SAM by the current injecting AFM. The results were confirmed through surface potential imaging by Kelvin probe force microscopy and a ch...


In this paper we present a new method for detection and classification of power quality disturbances. Two discrete wavelet transforms with different wavelet filters are used in the feature extraction process. In this way we eliminate the problem of the selection of the most adequate wavelets in the current methods for classification of power quality disturbances.  For the classification of the power disturbances we use a support vector machine. In order to reduce the computational cost of the proposed method, binary decision tree is created and a support vector machine classifier is trained for every node of the tree. The obtained experimental results show high accuracy of the proposed method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.19.2.1213


The sedimentary series of the coastal basin of Dahomey-Togo (west Africa) is known to have a thickness of about 700 meters. Overlying a Precambrian basement, it consists of a thick marine sequence from upper Cretaceous to middle Eocene, cut by faults. Several key horizons are established on the basis of microfaunas and argillaceous sedimentation. Comparisons can be made with other African basins on the basis of the paleontologic and sedimentologic criteria.


During burnup of nuclear fuel, fission products accumulate. Post-irradiation examination of burned up nuclear fuel has revealed the presence of several phases, namely, the fuel matrix of UO2, with dissolved oxides present; a white metallic phase consisting of the so-called "noble metals" (i.e., Mo–Ru–Pd–Rh–Tc); a gray oxide phase consisting of alkali or alkaline earth oxides (e.g., BaZrO3 or Cs2UO4); and an another metallic inclusion containing a mixture of UPd3–URh3–URu3, which is not completely assessed due to the lack of phase diagrams of the UPd3–URh3, URh3–URu3, and UPd3–URu3. Understanding how these phases behave becomes especially important from a safety perspective, if one considers a potential accident scenario. The quaternary system U–Pd–Rh–Ru has been evaluated and a thermodynamic model has been developed by first considering the six binary subsystems and the four ternary subsystems. A critical examination of the U–Pd, U–Rh, and U–Ru experimental phase diagrams has been made, with attention placed on both the solution phases, generally present on the uranium side of the diagrams and the UPd3–URh3–URu3 compounds. Finally, the implications of this new model and its potential refinements of the Royal Military College of Canada nuclear fuel treatment developed by previous authors (notably the RMCC group under Thompson and Lewis) will be explored.


A feedback control scheme to shift the phase of random boolean networks (RBNs) from disorder to order is proposed. A Jacobian matrix is calculated based on the state and Boolean function of each node at each step. A control scheme is proposed by using a greedy algorithm to select the minimum number of nodes to be frozen so as to reduce effectively the number of 1's in the Jacobian of the remaining nodes, which renders the Lyapunov exponent to be negative. Simulation results show that the dynamics of the controlled RBN is periodic or convergent to a fixed point.


The fibe shape and chemical composition of the wood of Cunninghamia lanceolata of various growing areas in Jiangxi Province have been determined. The rusults are as follows: (1)The fiber lengths are all more than 1.77mm, and the length-breadth ratios are all more than 50, but there is a degree of difference among different samples. (2)There is difference in fiber length in different parts of all the samples, the longest is in the middle part of the wood, the middle is in the lower part, and the shortest is in the upper part. (3)The contents of cellulose and lignin are all high in the samples, but the contents of polypentaglucose and other chemical composition are low. There is a great degree of difference in contents of cellulose and polypentaglucose among different samples.


Using hydrothermal methods, two manganese arsenates have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The products Mn5(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 ?4H2O (1) and Mn2AsO4(OH) (2), the Mn end-members of the minerals villyaellenite and sarkinite, respectively, have been obtained (crystal data 1: monoclinic, C2/c, a = 18.109(4), b = 9.332(2), c = 9.809(2) A, β = 96.172(4)?, Z = 4; 2: monoclinic, P21/c, a = 10.219(2), b = 13.613(2), c = 12.780(2) A, β = 108.834(2)?, Z = 16). In both compounds a three-dimensional framework of edge-sharing MnO polyhedra is observed. Based on the availability of the all Mn2containing form of villyaellenite (1), the ordering scheme of the impurity cations of the natural samples could be confirmed. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of 1 indicate the presence of high-spin Mn2+ ions. The comparison of the data on sarkinite (2) with the data obtained from the natural sample indicates that the mineral has either a very high Mn content, or an absence of impurity cation ordering.


The average reaction cross section for 74- to 112-MeV alpha particles on I-127 and Cs-133 was measured by a new method using a magnetic spectrograph and a CsI scintillation detector. The result, sigma-R = 2220+/-50 mb, is in good agreement with optical model calculations and finite-range microscopic calculations. Zero-range microscopic calculations underpredict sigma-R by about 10%, while strong absorption theories overpredict sigma-R by large amounts.


Abstract Understanding the interactions of noble gases with metals is of fundamental importance for the design of radiation-resistant structural materials for fission and fusion nuclear reactors. Here we present a unified theory for describing the energetics of He, Ne, Ar, and Kr bubbles in bcc metals in group 5B (V, Nb, Ta), 6B (Cr, Mo, W) and 8B (Fe). Our predictive analytical model is based on the effective-medium and isotropic elasticity theories, and is parameterized using density functional theory (DFT) calculations of small gas-vacancy clusters. By performing kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations driven by our analytical model, we have predicted the lifetimes of noble gas bubbles and their coarsening by Ostwald ripening. Our most notable finding is the exceptionally higher thermal stability of Ne, Ar and Kr bubbles than He bubbles in bcc metals, conferring them outstanding resistance to Ostwald ripening. The physical origin of the unexpected stability of bubbles formed by large noble gas atoms has been further elucidated. Our theoretical finding is consistent with the experimental observation of He gas bubble superlattice (GBS) coarsening under thermal annealing, and provides new insights on the exceptional stability of fission GBS in bcc U-Mo up to a high homologous temperature of 0.78. The present calculated results also compare favorably with the existing thermal helium desorption spectrometry experiments in the literature.


This paper describes the implementation of an association analysis method to process Web site data. The association analysis makes use of Web site links in order to produce a representation of sites association structure. A description of the association network is the goal to reach. The data refers to 791 university sites from the 15 countries belonging to the European Union. The purpose is to perform the analysis of implicit associations discovered from this sample. In order to realize it, we propose to translate the co- word analysis and applying it as co-site analysis. Given a set of Web sites, two sites are considered to be associated when they are both present as outgoing links in other sites. We expose the association coefficient, the clustering and mapping techniques that are used. Their results are also exposed. In this context, the problem of information society indicators will be discussed.


We study a labor market with finitely many heterogeneous workers and firms to illustrate the decentralized (myopic) blocking dynamics in two-sided one-to-one matching markets with continuous side payments (assignment problems, Shapley and Shubik, 1971). A labor market is unstable if there is at least one blocking pair, that is, a worker and a firm who would prefer to be matched to each other in order to obtain higher payoffs than the payoffs they obtain by being matched to their current partners. A blocking path is a sequence of outcomes (specifying matchings and payoffs) such that each outcome is obtained from the previous one by satisfying a blocking pair (i.e., by matching the two blocking agents and assigning new payoffs to them that are higher than the ones they received before). We are interested in the question if starting from any (unstable) outcome, there always exists a blocking path that will lead to a stable outcome. In contrast to discrete versions of the model (i.e., for marriage markets, one-to-one matching, or discretized assignment problems), the existence of blocking paths to stability cannot always be guaranteed. We identify a necessary and sufficient condition for an assignment problem (the existence of a stable outcome such that all matched agents receive positive payoffs) to guarantee the existence of paths to stability and show how to construct such a path whenever this is possible.


Purpose
This paper investigates the interrelationships of destination social responsibility (DSR), emotional attachment, self-congruity, experiential satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavior (ERB).

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of 294 visitors to the Guangzhou Zoo in China, this study tested the aforementioned relationships via structural equation modeling.

Findings
Emotional attachment mediates the effect of DSR on experiential satisfaction, while emotional attachment and experiential satisfaction mediate the effect of DSR on ERB sequentially. Moreover, self-congruity moderates the relationship between DSR and emotional attachment.

Practical implications
The management of zoos should use DSR communication strategies more proactively to make visitors become well-aware of their economic, philanthropic, environmental and social activities in the host community. This will result in many positive consequences, including visitors' ERBs.

Originality/value
The study adds to the DSR literature by introducing multiple mediation mechanisms and paths that lead to visitors' ERBs.


The growing ubiquity of artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping much of daily life. This in turn is raising awareness of the need to introduce AI education throughout the K-12 curriculum so that students can better understand and utilize AI. A particularly promising approach for engaging young learners in AI education is game-based learning. In this work, we present our efforts to embed a unit on AI planning within an immersive game-based learning environment for upper elementary students (ages 8 to 11) that utilizes a scaffolding progression based on the Use-Modify-Create framework. Further, we present how the scaffolding progression is being refined based on findings from piloting the game with students.


25 clones 6 trees from each clone were sampled (aged 15 years) from clone test stand of Populus tomentosa. Wetwood proportion of every tree was calculated, their inheritance and variation among clones were studied. The high value of clones repeatability of wetwood proportion (0.749) indicated that the character was under genetic control, and selection could be conducted effectively between clones. Whereas correlation analysis showed that no significantly correlation between wetwood proportion and lignin content and height, general significantly negative correlation between wetwood proportion and growth traits(diameter at breast height and volume ) were discovered.


Recently the rapid development and improvement in the efficiency of power electronics equipments has led to the proliferation and increase of nonlinear loads such as static power converters. These equipments have been progressively utilized and open new technological solutions for some direct current applications such as High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) system. However, these loads cause many disturbances at the distribution level because they inject high power harmonic currents. This results in an increase in losses, low energy efficiency, interference with power equipment and communication networks and voltage distortion beyond acceptable levels in many situations. Therefore, using harmonic filters is essential to mitigate power quality problems for such systems. Several schemes were proposed to perform this function such as passive filters, synchronous condenser and thyristorized static var compensator (SVC). However, resonance, high cost, slow response, and low order harmonics injection are the major limitations of these schemes. Recent development of semiconductor switches has opened the door for using Active Power filters (APFs) which have superior performance over the past mentioned methods. The current work provides a design for two different control strategies (PI- controller and Instantaneous Active and Reactive Power (PQ) method) based on hysteresis current control technique (HCCT) for such filters. The design is validated using MATLAB simulation and is tested under different transient disturbances and they mitigate most of the problems of the traditional filters. Further, It is proved that PI controller has better response than PQ theory for most of the cases.


BACKGROUND: Phospholipase C beta 1 (PLCβ1) expresses in glioma tissue and cultured glial cells, but barely detectable in normal glial cells. Whether PLCβ1 gene expression plays a pathological role in glioma has not been studied. METHODS: We analyzed data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO-GDSxxx), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) to investigate the potential role of PLCβ1 in high-grade glioma (HGG). RESULTS: In GDS1815, PLCβ1 expression correlates with known proneural (PN) signature genes; its expression level from PN subtype (n = 15) is significantly higher than that from mesenchymal (Mes) subtype (n = 33) HGG (p < 0.001). Furthermore, PLCβ1 expression is significantly higher in grade III than in grade IV gliomas from GDS1815 (n = 24 vs. 76), GDS1962 (n = 19 vs. 81), and GDS1975 (n = 26 vs. 59); ultimately, p < 0.05 for all. In GDS1962, the PLCβ1 expression is highest in non-tumor brain tissue (n = 23) and is significantly higher than that in grade II astrocytomas (n = 7) and oligodendrogliomas (n = 37; p < 0.05 for both. PLCβ1 expression is also higher in low-grade (n = 8) than in high-grade astrocytomas (n = 6) in GDS2853 (p < 0.001). A Kaplan-Meier survival plot from a REMBRANDT cohort demonstrates that astrocytoma and glioma patients with intermediate levels of PLCβ1 expression (n = 45 and 103, respectively) survived significantly longer than down-regulated (2X) PLCβ1 groups (n = 57 and 226, respectively; p < 0.001). From TCGA data, PLCβ1 RNA-Seq signal inversely correlates with the pathological grades and higher levels of PLCβ1 expression in PN (n = 8) than in Mes (n = 8) subtypes of glioblastoma (p < 0.05). The top 50% of PLCβ1 expression subgroup (n = 294) of glioma cases (grade II to IV merged) survived significantly longer time than the low 50%-ile of the PLCβ1 expression subgroup (n = 293; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PLCβ1 is a candidate signature gene for PN subtype HGG, its expression inversely correlates with glioma pathological grade and is a potential prognosis factor.


Abstract:Theorists and dramatists Bertolt Brecht and Augusto Boal bestow a truth-revealing power to theatre in relation to its social context. In addition, they recognize the fundamental role of the audience as the creator of a play's meaning and, although to different degrees and manners, push the audience to be an active participant both in theatrical performances as well as the world beyond the theater. This essay analyzes two plays from different settings: Información para extranjeros (1973) by Argentina's Griselda Gambaro and the Chilean play Cinema Utoppia (1985) by Ramón Griffero. Through these plays I propose that the evolution in the conception of the theatrical character and the innovative use of the stage trigger a subsequent change in the function traditionally attributed to the theatrical audience, reflecting the practices developed by Brecht and Boal. In Gambaro's and Griffero's plays, the audience takes on a participatory role during the performance. This transformation of the audience responds to concrete sociopolitical circumstances, revealing certain truths and aiming to stimulate active participation in the sociopolitical processes to which the plays respond.


ments of Seleucus and his descendants. The evidence has always been limited; but it is significantly extended here by use of non-Greek written sources and of archaeological material. A narrative account remains impossible, although despite the generally analytical character of the work, what can be recovered is given where it matters, as with Seleucus himself and Antiochus III. The evidence is often quoted at length, and is approached more openly than often in the past; the conclusions are persuasive. Although they exploited Greek and Macedonian settlers, the Seleucids were by no means insensitive to the needs and traditions of the disparate inhabitants of their empire; it was very much an eastern kingdom, alive to (among other things) its Achaemenid inheritance: Sardis was as peripheral as Samarkhand. The defeat at Magnesia therefore left everything that really mattered intact. The reasons for decline are to be sought later in the second century, not in the third: Rome and Parthia. JOHN SALMON


The paper introduced how to conduct the applications for domesticinvestments'/projects in appliance with the National Catalogue of the industries, products and technologies. It also suggested an alternative approach (in addition to the approach to importing scientific and educational goods exempt from taxation) to the application for importing the equipment included in the total sum of investment for the project.


The text focuses upon life stories of childless elders from Macedonia. Field materials include interviews with childless married couples from different villages throughout Macedonia, conducted during the last 15 years. Their stories provide the basic empirical data that enable following the changes of traditional values and norms related to old parents or relatives. Special attention is dedicated to the paradoxical (and often ironic) position of these people, who, due the general tendency of abandoning old parents by their children, end up equally lonely and vulnerable as those parents who have children. Although big families are not a guarantee for dignified old age any more, it is exactly these so called 'traditional values' that were promoted by the Government of the Republic of Macedonia in the period 2006-2017, though public campaigns that presented big families as a value that should be sustained and cherished. This article analyses the gap between the realistic state of affairs of the elderly, and the constructed, idealized notion of a secure and happy old age that combines economic, political, as well as emotional aspects.


SummaryFolic acid activity was simultaneously assessed in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 51 aged patients (twice in 3 of them). Mean levels of folic acid activity in CSF and serum were 21.83 ± 9.57 and 11.03 ±4.99 ng/ml respectively; mean ratio of the two values was 1.98; a positive correlation between serum and CSF folic acid concentrations was observed (P < 0.01). Folic acid partition between serum and CSF varies according to the category of causal diseases. In patients without anemia and without major neurological syndrome the CSF/serum folic acid ratio is 1.85; it is 2.39 and 2.44 in ncuropsychiatric patients, and 1.55 in anemic individuals; mean CSF folic acid levels differ significantly in the last two groups of patients (P < 0.05). Folic acid partition between body stores and nervous system is probably not automatically regulated in constant proportions, but is apparently governed by a complex mechanism.


Natural disasters are natural events that cannot be predicted. Each occurrence of natural disasters will cause damage can even eliminate human lives. The success of the recovery process and help victims of natural disasters (disaster recovery) depends on the accuracy of the information condition affected area. Currently has developed several technology tools that can provide information and direct assistance to victims of natural disasters, one of which is the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). UAV is an aircraft type that has the ability to fly without a crew and pilots, process control is done directly by the operator or automatically by the device that has been standardized. So that UAVs can be applied for monitoring and search and rescue operations or special use in the military. Distance is one of the obstacles using UAVs, because when the magnitude of the distance exceeds the ability of the central control system will cause the UAV control process cannot be performed due to the loss of data communications. In this study, will be developed a control system for a UAV which has the capability of data communication up to 2 km. The process of research is concerned with the optimization of the ground control station consisting of the antenna and the transceiver system and the development of the type of UAV that will be used.


The aim of the work: to improve the results of treatment of Mirizzi syndrome by developing rational surgical tactics depending on its type.
Materials and Methods. The work is based on the evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of 62 patients with cholelithiasis complicated by Mirizzi syndrome who were hospitalized in surgical departments of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Center for Emergency Medical Care of the Samarkand branch for the period from 2016 to 2021.
Results and Discussion. Successful radical cholecystectomy largely depends on the correctly chosen surgical tactics, which significantly affects the course of the operation and has a certain significance in the outcome of surgical treatment, affects the course of the rehabilitation period. Based on the data of the preoperative examination the patients of the main group were divided into 3 subgroups of the degree of probability of Mirizzi syndrome.  The proposed program for choosing surgical tactics in patients with cholelithiasis complicated MS allowed in 8.1 % and 29.0% of cases to perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy and cholecystectomy from a mini-access, respectively, and thereby allowed to avoid damage to the bile ducts and to complete the operation with minimal risk. The developed program for choosing the tactics of surgical treatment of patients with cholelithiasis complicated MS, taking into account an integrated approach to the choice of access, allowed to improve the quality of care by reducing the frequency of immediate postoperative complications to 3.2 %, and in the long-term postoperative period, complications were reduced to zero.


Economists and IT experts share the opinion that IS/IT in a company should be in accordance with the company objectives and management strategies; they cannot be viewed separately. As far as the economic aspect is concerned, there exist certain criteria that could be considered social criteria because information system effectiveness, as well as the company effectiveness, depend on human factor. Reference literature identifies the work with information as a strategic factor of company's prosperity and competitiveness.

An economic information system has recently been an inevitable prerequisite in a large or small enterprise. The requirements relating to such system can be characterized in the following way: competitive price, configurable and flexible system comprising all the basic and certain extra functions essential for information support to all the company operation. An integral part of the system is an information accounting system supporting financial accounting management.

Accounting is the method in which financial information is gathered, processed, and summarized into financial statements and reports. Accounting records are important because the resulting financial statements and reports help plan and make decisions. These records may be used by company management and by third parties (bankers, investors, creditors, etc.). The accounting information system has to support managerial decisions and it has to work with external accounting modules and external database modules. Changing accounting software is a big undertaking. It may, and should, have an impact on almost everyone in the organization, on customers as well. Accounting Information Systems were scanned in the empirical research and financial managers assessed the situation in their company and their satisfaction with these systems.