Objective
To investigate the efficacy of midazolam combined with remifentanil in treatment of spasm in adult patients with tetanus.

Methods
A total of 22 cases of adult tetanus patients treated from July 2012 to November 2015 were enrolled in the study. The patients were treated by continuous micro pump infusion of midazolam combined with remifentanil for sedation and analgesia. The changes of vital signs, the frequency and duration of spasm, the Ramsay sedation score and the size of mouth opening were observed before and after treatment.

Results
All patients were treated for an average (13.5±3.2)days, mean Ramsay sedation score (3.2±1.3)points. Compared with before and after treatment, the seizure frequency was significantly reduced, the duration was significantly shorter, and the mouth opening was increased gradually (P>0.05). Decreased blood pressure and heart rate were significantly decreased (P 0.05 ). All patients were cured. There was not any severe complication or death in this study.

Conclusion
A continuous intravenous infusion of midazolam combined with remifentanil, under a strict monitoring, provides a safe and effective method on the spasm control treatment for tetanus patients. Rational use of this treatment can achieve an ideal sedation, analgesia and spasm control effect.

Key words:
Tetanus; Midazolam; Remifentanil; Spasm; Sedation


A reversed phase HPLC method that allows the separation and simultaneous determination of the preservatives methyl paraben (M.P.) and propyl paraben (P.P.) is described. The separations were effected by using an initial mobile phase of water: acetonitrile (50:50) on Inertsil C18 to elute P.P. and M.P. The detector wavelength was set at 205 nm. Under these conditions, separation of the two components was achieved in less than 10 min. Analytical characteristics of the separation such as precision, specificity, linear range and reproducibility were evaluated. The developed method was applied for the determination of preservative M.P. and P.P. at concentration of 0.01 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL respectively. The method was successfully used for determining both compounds in sucralfate suspension.


Abstract : Results obtained on the Hudson Laboratories long period microbarograph array for the Chinese thermonuclear explosion of June 17, 1967 are described. Of particular interest is the presence of a fast arrival, having a period of approximately 15 min and traveling with a speed of about 600 msec. This arrival is detected by beamforming techniques both for the short great circle path and for the long one. Also detected were 7- to 8-min periods traveling at 300 msec. (Author)


An extrusion method for the measurement of the flow properties of unseasoned linoleum is described. The method is suitable either for the study of absolute flow properties, or for routine testing, of unseasoned linoleum, and examples of its application are given. The significance of the method in relation to the manufacture of linoleum is discussed, particularly in relation to the effects of combined hydrostatic pressure and shearing stress as in the calendering process.


Background. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin 8 (IL‐8) are positive in approximately 50% of Helicobacter pylori‐related diseases but it is not clear whether oxidative stress is also present in H. pylori asymptomatic humans. Our aim was to study the expression of iNOS, superoxide dismutase, catalase and IL‐8 production in H. pylori‐infected asymptomatic humans, and to investigate the effect of eradication of H. pylori.


The growing industrial demand for flexible optoelectric devices has led to intensive researches on highly flexible transparent electrode materials such as graphene, reduced graphene‐oxide (r‐GO), Ag‐nanowire, and 2D metal oxides. However, except Ag‐nanowire, transparent electrode materials having optoelectric properties comparable to that of indium–tin–oxide (ITO) have not yet been developed. In this study, an ultrathin ruthenium film with a ruthenium oxide (RuO2) subsurface layer has been introduced as a flexible transparent electrode. The metallic Ru thin film is fabricated from a RuO2 nanosheet using a layer‐by‐layer coating technique, followed by thermal reduction. The thin film (≈6 nm) reveals comparable sheet resistance and transmittance as that of conventional ITO electrodes. The high transmittance (≈79%) of the metal thin film in the visible range is attributed to the presence of an oxide subsurface layer which acts as antireflection. The Ru film (with oxide subsurface layer) with figure‐of‐merit ≈3.4 × 10−4 Ω−1 shows the best performance among the thin films fabricated using a wet‐chemistry process with 2D nanosheets including graphene, r‐GO, and other metal oxides. In addition, the high mechanical flexibility of Ru thin film makes it next‐generation flexible transparent conducting electrodes, beyond graphene, r‐GO, and 2D metal oxides.


In 1991, looking back on the literary production of Caribbean women in the preceding two decades as I drafted the introduction to Green Cane and Juicy Flotsam: Short Stories by Caribbean Women, I was struck above all by the 'veritable explosion' in women's writing that had marked the 1970s and 1980s, a development that Carmen Esteves and I had sought to showcase in that collection. It had been our aim, above all, to chronicle how women's voices had moved into the mainstream of literary activity in the region after decades of silence and neglect. In selecting the stories that would form part of that anthology, we had been most concerned with how women writers sought to articulate their gendered position in Caribbean societies through narratives that told of their search for 'agency' in their personal and social lives. A decade has elapsed since Green Cane and Juicy Flotsam was published, and during the intervening period women's wTiting in the Hispanic Caribbean has undergone a transformation. In this essay, therefore, I am seeking to trace recent trends in prose writings by Hispanic Caribbean women, looking at new thematic and stylistic directions as writers move away from the almost strictly gender focused (feminist or proto-feminist) approaches that characterized the 1980s and begin to break new ground in fields that were traditionally considered the province of male writers. After a brief survey of literary production by women in the Hispanic Caribbean from roughly 1988 to 2001, this article looks at the four principal areas into which women's writings have moved: religion (particularly African-derived religious systems), the erotic, popular culture, and the environment. In this survey, two very different writers - Zo? Vald?s and Mayra Montero - emerge as dominant figures, in part because of their impressive productivity and international fame, but particularly because they set new parameters for women's fiction in the region, anchoring two distinct possibilities of being Caribbean writers for a new century.


It is possible by rather simple means, essentially nutritional, to increase the length of life expectancy and also the length of the period of well-being.


【Objective】 To probe differential expression of aquaporin 8(aquaporin 8, AQP8) and extracellular regulated protein kinase phosphorylation(P-ERK1/2) in Uighur cervical lesions and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters in cervical cancer. 【Methods】 Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of AQP8, ERK1/2and P-ERK1/2in 108 cases of cervical cancer, 47 cases of CIN and 79 cases of normal cervical tissues, and the relationship with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. 【Results】 Expression of AQP8, EKR1/2was mainly located in the cytoplasm, expression of P-ERK1/2was mainly located in the nucleus.Expression rate of AQP8 in cervical cancer, CIN and normal cervical tissues was 46.30%, 80.90%, 15.20%,respectively; expression rate of ERK1/2among three groups was 60.10%, 76.60%, 25.30%, respectively; expression rate of P-ERK1/2among three groups was 44.40%, 66.00%, 24.10%, respectively; expression of AQP8was related with invasive depth of cervical cancer, and expression of EKR1/2and P-ERK1/2was related withclinical stage and lymphatic metastasis; expression of AQP8 was positively correlated with ERK1/2in cervical cancer. 【Conclusion】 Up-regulated expression of AQP8, ERK1/2and P-ERK1/2may be associated with invasion and metastasis in early stage of cervical cancer, AQP8, ERK1/2and P-ERK1/2may become candidate markers for early diagnosis of cervical carcinoma.


This is a special deluxe edition with leather binding! Medicine is ever changing, and its terminology evolves constantly. If you're involved in health care in any way, you need to know the latest medical terms and what they mean. That's why you need "Dorland's"! The world's most trusted source on the language of medicine for over 100 years, it delivers more entries and better definitions than any other medical dictionary so you can master more of the current terminology that you need to know. A wealth of illustrations and a remarkably user-friendly format make reference a snap. Plus, bonus software on CD-ROM lets you load key terms and definitions onto your PDA spell medical terms correctly using spell-checker software and listen to audio pronunciations for 35,000 terms. Turn to "Dorland's" you'll be amazed at how much vital information you can glean with so much ease!


Conventional silicon (Si) based power devices are commonly used in industrial battery charging applications. In most cases, fast switching operation is desired in such applications in order to have a compact power converter system in terms of size and weight, while in contrast, it drives for large switching losses. The maturity of wide bandgap (WBG) technology provides enormous opportunities to ameliorate fast switching capabilities, high blocking voltage abilities, and high temperature operating conditions for power devices. This paper presents a comparative design and performance study of a non-isolated dc-dc buck converter based on three combinations of power devices: Si-MOSFET/Si-diode, SiC-JFET/SiC-Schottky diode, and GaN-transistor/SiC-Schottky diode for industrial applications. Characterization of the switching behavior of each power device and evaluation of switching energy losses are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the overall converter efficiency at high switching operations as well as with a wide operating range of input voltages, and the converter power density to size ratio are studied and reported. Results are shown that the GaN-transistor/SiC-Schottky diode and SiC-JFET/SiC-Schottky diode based converters exhibit significant lower switching energy losses and less total converter power loss, and thus a more efficient performance compared to the Si-MOSFET/Si-diode based converter. Through the analysis performed, it is shown that the hybrid combination of the GaN-transistor/SiC-Schottky diode followed by the SiC-JFET/SiC-Schottky diode combination are the most robust options for a high performance, high power density with smaller size non-isolated dc-dc buck converter for harsh operating conditions.


Abstract The single pendulum is one of the fundamental model problems in the theory of dynamical systems; coupled pendula, or equivalently, two elastically coupled particles in a periodic potential on a line, are a natural extension of intrinsic interest. The system arises in various physical applications and it inherits some rudiments of the behaviour exhibited by its finite-dimensional parent, the sine-Gordon equation. Among these phenomena are the so-called caterpillar solutions, whose behaviour is reminiscent of solitons. These solutions turn out to have a transparent geometrical explanation. There is an interesting bifurcation picture associated with the system: the parameter region is broken up into the set of 'pyramids' parametrized by pairs of integers; these integers characterize the behaviour of the associated solutions.


The increase in concern and awareness of environmental conservation led to the creation of the Ecological ICMS in 1991 in the State of Paraná, which was adopted by the state of Piauí in 2008. The objective of this study was to identify the actions carried out at the local level for ICMS certification ecological in Piripiri-PI. The research is justified as relevant, since it proposes to present to society the actions built by the municipality of Piripiri, through its Public bodies, regarding the adequacy of a structure that makes it possible to receive the environmental seal and the resources arising from the Ecological ICMS . In addition to highlighting the environmental practices adopted for this achievement and highlighting the importance of environmental issues for society. It is characterized as a qualitative approach, using field research, through an interview to collect information and bibliographical research to elaborate the theoretical framework. It could be concluded that the municipality obtained seal C, and is carrying out actions to maintain and achieve better qualification seals. This mechanism is of great relevance in encouraging the improvement of the environment in the state of Piauí.


Soft-tissue sarcoma is an unusual tumour, representing less than 1% of all malignancies. Liposarcomas represent 20-30% of adult soft-tissue tumours 1-4. Abdominal localization of liposarcomas (retroperitoneal, pelvic and visceral) represents 10-15% of all liposarcoma 5 and retroperitoneal forms are much more common than those deriving from the mesentery or mesocolon 1,6. Liposarcomas are most common in the fifth to sixth decade of life and in males 7-8. Its principal histological subtypes (well differentiated, myxoid and pleomorphic) are entirely separate disease with different morphology, genetics and natural history 9,10. Although these neoplasias grow to conspicuous proportions 1,11-15, diagnosis often occurs at a late stage and by chance. Radical surgical excision is both of fundamental therapeutic importance and necessary for correct histologic diagnosis. We report a rare case of giant liposarcoma of the mesenterium that was observed and operated on at our Institute.


We numerically study the phase diagram of bosons tightly trapped in the lowest band of an optical lattice and dispersively coupled to a single-mode cavity field. The dynamics is encompassed by an extended Bose-Hubbard model. Here, the cavity-mediated interactions are described by a two-body potential term with a global range and by a correlated tunneling term where the hopping amplitude depends on a global observable. We determine the ground state properties in one dimension by means of the density matrix renormalization group algorithm, focusing on the effects due to the correlated tunneling. The latter is responsible for the onset of bond orders, manifesting in one insulating and two gapless bond ordered phases. We discuss the resulting phases for different geometries that correspond to different relative strengths of the correlated tunneling coefficient. We finally analyze the scaling of the entanglement entropy in the gapless bond ordered phases that appear entirely due to global interactions and determine the corresponding central charges.


In-situ composite of Al2O3/Ti-Al with Al2O3 whiskers were prepared by partial oxidation of oxygen to Ti powder and Al power,crystal phase composition and elemental composition were analyzed by XRD,EDAX and NORAN.The results indicate that,the process of the reaction is as follows: surface of Ti and Al being oxidized→melting of Al→form of TiAl3→form of other Ti-Al intermellics and deoxidized of TiO2 by Al;the crystal composition is determined by aluminum content,when the content is enough,TiAl3,Al and Al2O3 will be gain,on the contrary,Ti2Al,TiAl,Ti3Al and Al2O3 will be gain;Al2O3 whiskers are synthesized via VLS process,the quantity of Al2O3 whiskers increase with the Al content,the whisker's diameter is improved with increasing of sintering temperature.


The kinetics of the formation of NO in pulsed air-like dc plasmas at a pressure of 1.33 mbar and mean currents between 50 and 150 mA of discharge pulses with 5 ms duration has been investigated both experimentally and by self-consistent numerical modelling. Using time-resolved quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy, the densities of NO, NO2 and N2O have been measured in synthetic air as well as in air with 0.8% of NO2 and N2O, respectively. The temporal evolution of the NO density shows four distinct phases during the plasma pulse and the early afterglow in the three gas mixtures that were used. In particular, a steep density increase during the ignition phase and after termination of the discharge current pulse has been detected. The NO concentration has been found to reach a constant value of 0.57×1014 molecules cm−3 ?>, 1.05×1014 molecules cm−3 ?>, and 1.3×1014 molecules cm−3 ?> for mean plasma currents of 50 mA, 100 mA and 150 mA, respectively, in the afterglow. The measured densities of NO2 and N2O in the respective mixture decrease exponentially during the plasma pulse and remain almost constant in the afterglow, especially where the admixture of NO2 has a remarkable impact on the NO production during the ignition. The numerical results of the coupled solution of a set of rate equations for the various heavy particles and the time-dependent Boltzmann equation of the electrons agree quite well with the experimental findings for the different air-like plasmas. The main reaction processes have been analysed on the basis of the model calculations and the remaining differences between the experiment and modelling especially during the afterglow are discussed.


A dissertation study combined four case studies that examined school‐museum partnerships for virtual museum projects in which students did virtual reality imaging of museum objects related to their cultures. Students also researched their selected objects with the help of museum professionals, anthropologists, and community members. Project plans also specified that students would write essays to accompany the virtual museum exhibits, but that was not always accomplished. Each case is discussed, giving a brief sampling of some of the themes that emerged from them. A composite picture of the cases provided a more comprehensive description of the innovation through nine theme categories derived from the four cases. Three of the theme categories are discussed. The four cases were also examined to see what they revealed about culturally responsive teaching. Four of the ten culturally responsive elements identified in the study are discussed.


Particle Filters are Monte-Carlo methods used for Bayesian Inference. Bayesian Inference is based on Bayes Theorem that states how prior information about a system, encoded in a probability density function, is updated when new information in the form of observations of that system become available. This process is called data assimilation in the geosciences. This contribution discusses what particle filters are and what the main issue is when trying to use them in the geosciences, in which the data-assimilation problem is typically very high dimensional. An example is numerical weather forecasting, with a state-space size of a billion or more. Then it discusses recent progress made in trying to beat the so-called 'curse of dimensionality', such as localisation and clever ways to slightly change the model equations to obtain better approximations to the posterior probability density via so-called proposal densities. This culminates in a new class of particle filters that is indeed able to provide estimates of the posterior probability density. The emphasis is not on mathematical rigour but on conveying the main new ideas in this rapidly growing field.


Magnesium oxide (MgO) is generally a wide band-gap oxide unable to conduct electric current in the bulk at room temperature. In this study, MgO nanocubes synthesized by self-burning micro-sized Mg metal powders in air showed electrical conductivity when they were sandwiched between two gold-mesh electrodes and steadily applied a voltage at room temperature (∼25 °C). In addition, a simultaneous light emission caused by the microdischarge of nitrogen molecules occurred adjacent to the cathode. The light emission was observed when traces of water vapor existed in the gas environment. In the case of a voltage pulse produced by switching off, transient emissions of Mg I and Mg II were detected on both sides of the electrodes. However, those steady and transient light emissions were not observed in the commercial MgO nanoparticles devoid of nanocubes. The light emissions shown in the cases of the steady-state might be caused by electron injection into the empty conductive states, which exist along the edges of MgO nanocubes, as a result of the spontaneous dissociation of water vapors at reactive sites of the nanocube surfaces as well as a result of the reduction of the energy barriers between the cathode and MgO nanocubes in contact. For transient emission, electrons trapped in the low coordinate sites were released with voltage pulse and neutralized the nearby Mg+ and Mg2+ ions, driving them into the excited neutral states, Mg I and Mg II.Magnesium oxide (MgO) is generally a wide band-gap oxide unable to conduct electric current in the bulk at room temperature. In this study, MgO nanocubes synthesized by self-burning micro-sized Mg metal powders in air showed electrical conductivity when they were sandwiched between two gold-mesh electrodes and steadily applied a voltage at room temperature (∼25 °C). In addition, a simultaneous light emission caused by the microdischarge of nitrogen molecules occurred adjacent to the cathode. The light emission was observed when traces of water vapor existed in the gas environment. In the case of a voltage pulse produced by switching off, transient emissions of Mg I and Mg II were detected on both sides of the electrodes. However, those steady and transient light emissions were not observed in the commercial MgO nanoparticles devoid of nanocubes. The light emissions shown in the cases of the steady-state might be caused by electron injection into the empty conductive states, which exist along the edges of ...


Histoplasmosis is a common fungal infection in endemic countries including Malaysia. Although it is commonly diagnosed in immunosuppressed individuals, there is a preponderance of immunocompetent individuals among individuals with disseminated disease involving adrenal gland. There is a diagnostic dilemma in most patients as the clinical presentation, biochemical parameters and imaging features are frequently non-specific. On 18F-FDG PETCT, histoplasmosis shows high FDG avidity. However, due to overlapping features with other disease conditions, tissue biopsy remains as the confirmatory test. In this report, we present a case of disseminated histoplasmosis with high FDG uptake in the adrenal glands and lymph nodes which mimic a metastatic cancer.


Among various tumors of the small intestine which lack in specific clinical manifestations, myogenic tumors often present as melena and anemia as the chief complaints. In this paper, two cases of leiomyoma of small intestine in which angiography was useful for diagnosis are reported. These two patients were admitted to hospital because of anal bleeding. No lesions in the upper digestive tract and colon were revealed. To exlore the small intestine, angiography was carried out and valuable information about the location of the bleeding site was obtained in both cases. A close examination of the small intestine is needed for a patient with bleeding on the digestive tract from unknown lesion. Angiography is useful for diagnosis of myogenic tumors of the small intestine.


The effect of replacing 0%, 40% and 60% of the corn with wheat in young claves diets on their performances was investigated on 27 animals randomly allocated to groups M, E1 and E2, respectively. Before weaning, calves were fed 3 variants of compound feeds ad libitum (M, E1, E2) and 0.4 kg head-1 day-1 hay and 5 kg fresh milk head-1 day-1. After weaning, calves received 3 variants of compound feeds ad libitum (also with 0, 40 and 60% of corn replacement) and 1 kg hay head-1 day-1. The weight gains recorded for the three groups (854.1±101.4, 844.9±68.9 and 803.0±76.9 g head -1 day-1, respectively) were statistically equal (P>0.05). It is to be mentioned the tendency to affect weight gain while the degree of replacement of corn by wheat increased to 60%. However, this didn't influenced the feed conversion ratio, expressed by dry mater, energy (Milk Feed Units) or protein (Intestinal Digestible Protein) consumed for 1 kg of gain.


Summary It is argued that there is a close methodological parallelism between Huygens' study of the movement of bodies after collision, and his pioneering work on games of chance, and that the former must have influenced the latter.


The study was conducted on 400 coaches of different sports disciplines between the age range of 30 to 55 years and having coaching experience of 5 to 25 years. The objectives of the study were to study the three dimensions of personality hardiness i.e. commitment, control and challenge among coaches in respect to their age level and to know the significant differences on three dimensions of personality hardiness among coaches of different levels of coaching experience. The coaches of the present sample were divided into three age groups i.e. coaches up to the age of 35 years (N=41); coaches between 35 to 45 years (N=199) and coaches above 45 years (N=160). The short version of Hardiness scale developed by Kobasa et al (1982) was used to assess the hardiness of the subjects. The comparison of the mean scores of three groups of coaches formed on the basis of their age level reveal that as age increases, the commitment of the coaches also go on increasing. The same trend was observed in case of control; the coaches above 45 years in age have better control (M=38.74) as compared to younger coaches up to 35 years (M=36.10) and coaches of 35 to 45 years (M=37.80). In the case of challenge, of course, the same trend is followed, however the results were not found to be significant statistically. Coaches were also compared on the three dimensions of personality hardiness on the basis of experience level of the coaches. Coaches were divided into three groups i.e. coaches having experience up to 10 years (N=36), between 10 to 20 years (N=206) and above 20 years (N=158). Comparison of means scores indicate that as experience of the coaches was increasing, their commitment level was also increasing.


Direct photo-imprinting of both surface relief pattern and refractive index modulation upon the organically modified germanosilicate (ORMOGSIL) glass using its large volume change was performed by ultraviolet exposure. A large refractive index increase up to 10 -2 is induced by ultraviolet-induced densification in the ORMOGSIL glasses. The photosensitivity in the ORMOGSIL glass was enhanced by introducing a photo-polymerizable methcrylate group in the glass structure. Also, a surface AFM scans and optical microscope images of unetched sample show that the volume compaction in the ultraviolet illuminated region is associated with periodic pattern inscription.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the deposit and decomposition characteristics of microalgae using the gravel bed contact-purification method. The following results were obtained : The deposit ratio of Tetraselmis tetrathele is higher than that of Nitzchia closterium due to the shape and size of their cells. The deposit characteristic is expressed by the Iwasaki's filtration equation, and the filter coefficient is a function of real velocity and specific surface area of gravel bed. The decomposition rate constant of deposited microalgae is ranged from 0.10 to 0.14 hr-1 winch is 20-30 times as high as that under suspended condition. The decomposition rate has a proportional relation to the specific surface area in case enough amount of microalgae deposit in gravel bed. Under a few assumptions, both the deposit and decomposition rates are defined by gravel diameter. Therefore, it is possible to design the optimum gravel diameter for the effective and sustainable removal of microalgae using this system.


Purpose – Reading the works of Charles Bukowski is a male, and by extension, masculine activity, and as such it can make a female reader feel as if she is trespassing into some male preserve. Arguably, in entering many organisations, women experience similar feelings. The purpose of this paper is to offer an account of the process of reading Charles Bukowski's novel Post Office as a woman.Design/methodology/approach – In order to evoke her response to the text of Post Office and to reclaim her feminine identity in the face of Bukowski's masculinist project, the author adopts a multilayered, art‐based methodological approach using Bukowski's text as well as her own, Bukowski's biographer's, texts of a number of theorists of research methodology, visual illustrations and notes.Findings – Through the original use of arts‐based methodology, the paper offers insights into the embodied, situated experience of reading Post Office, and gives an account of the author's reflections on organisational sexism, brutali...


Abstract It is well known that the maximum operating frequency for all active filters based on operational amplifiers is primarily determined by the gain-bandwidth product of the amplifiers. This limitation is established for the general forms of three canonic bandpass filters. It is shown that the three structures can be made optimally insensitive to gain—bandwidth product variations by a suitable choice of component value spread. For two of the three structures, the optimum spread is infinite. However, practical design procedures are suggested which give a 3:1 improvement in sensitivity, Experimental results confirming the improved performance are presented and compensation/predistortion procedures discussed.


Scandinavia in the First World War. Studies in the War Experience of the Northern Neutrals. Red. Claes Ahlund. Nordic Academic Press. Lund 2012


SnS nanorods and nanoparticles were synthesized by thiourea hydrolysis in an autoclave at 180 C within a time window of 2 and 8 h, respectively. In the absence of added structure-directing agent, the nanorods formation was attributed to templating characteristic of ammonium ion produced in situ during hydrolysis.


Critical languages of twinning, doubling, and dividedness have developed around the writer Sam Clemens/Mark Twain Clemens doubles himself within fictions and by his pseudonym Mark Twain. He is fascinated with the paired and double characters and the mistaken and switched identities. Some biographical explanations and writerly career are available as the evidence that Twain felt himself to be divided. a south-westerner living in the north east, a frontier humorist transplanted to the genteel culture in the east, an investor and speculator fallen to the bankrupt and a comic humorist transformed to the serious critical writer.
Clemens's wrestling with his dual personality is represented in his works Pudd'nhead Wilson and Those Extraordinary Twins which set the slavery South as their background and embody the identity problems of race and class in 1890s' cultural context: the social obsession with blood, race and miscegenation and the exorbitant reliance on the legal discrimination. The problems with the identities of Angelo and Luigi, once the Siamese twins and the mulattoes Roxy and Tom reflect the social milieu that treats identity as culturally controlled and fixed according to the unified legal law or the fictions of law and custom. The 'half dog' in Wilson's 'fatal remark' ironically symbolizes the American practices of sudden separation and violent severance of social and human entities.
Law and science are invited to solve the identity problems, but they fail to prove to be sure identifiers. Twain criticizes legal and scientific methods to divide, discriminate and segregate the organic. Through the possibilities of identity interchange of a negro slave and a white and of the conglomeration and split of extraordinary twins, Twain opens the way to embrace "the other" as the mirror for the self.


Housing policies and programs have long been developed and implemented to ensure that all have access to adequate housing in Malaysia. Despite efforts by both public and private housing providers, there are various issues relating to the housing delivery system that have undermined the success of housing achievement for the past 30 years. In order to achieve sustainability in the housing industry, public and private housing providers should regulate their housing activities to suit homeowners? needs and wants by examining factors which account for housing satisfaction or dissatisfaction among homeowners. Determinants found significant in the study were housing, neighborhood, location and socio-demographic variables. In addition, the degree of housing satisfaction may depend on the types of externalities of homeownership that homeowners are expected to receive.


PET/CT is a machine for imaging in vivo functions or metabolic activities after the administration of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with radioisotope emitting positrons in the body. Recently the number of PET/CT installed in Korean medical institutions is increasing rapidly. In response, the number of PET/CT tests to be used in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors is also increasing every year, and this is increasing the necessity for developing the methods of PET/CT performance evaluation and quality control. Among the test items for the performance evaluation and quality control of PET/CT suggested in NU 2-2007, this study examined spatial resolution test, sensitivity test, image quality, attenuation accuracy & scatter correction test, scatter fraction, count losses and randoms test and accuracy( correction for count losses and randoms).


This paper addresses the challenging problem of enabling reliable immersive teleoperation in scenarios where an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is remotely controlled by an operator via a cellular network. Such scenarios can be quite critical particularly when the UAV lacks advanced equipment (e.g., Lidar-based auto stop) or when the network is subject to some performance constraints (e.g., delay). To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel architecture leveraging Digital Twin (DT) technology to create a virtual representation of the physical environment. This virtual environment accurately mirrors the physical world, accounting for 3D surroundings, weather constraints, and network limitations. To enhance teleoperation, the UAV in the virtual environment is equipped with advanced features that maybe absent in the real UAV. Furthermore, the proposed architecture introduces an intelligent logic that utilizes information from both virtual and physical environments to approve, deny, or correct actions initiated by the UAV operator. This anticipatory approach helps to mitigate potential risks. Through a series of field trials, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in significantly improving the reliability of UAV teleoperation.


To investigate the feasibility of using absorbable Mg alloy pedicle screws for atlantoaxial dislocation fixation, four types of Mg alloy pedicle screws of different thread forms were designed, and simulation analysis of the pull-out force was performed using the finite element method. Stress and displacement distributions of the atlantoaxial fixation model were obtained. Subsequently, screw samples were prepared using the WE43 Mg alloy for extraction, torsion, and immersion corrosion tests. Finite element analysis results showed that the pull-out forces of triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal, and zigzag thread screws were 552.61, 540.91, 546.4, and 542.74 N, respectively, and the stresses on the screws were 146, 185, 195, and 265 MPa, respectively, when they were pulled out. In other words, the triangular thread screw had the largest pull-out resistance and smallest stress peak. The average corrosion rate of Mg alloy screws in vitro was 0.46 mg·cm−2·day−1. Compared with that before corrosion, the extraction resistance of the corroded screws did not change significantly; however, the torsional strength decreased, but it was still greater than the torque required for screw implantation. It can be concluded that triangular thread Mg alloy pedicle screws have good extraction resistance and mechanical stability and can meet the load-bearing requirements for atlantoaxial dislocation fixation. The degradation of the Mg alloy reduced the mechanical strength of the screws, but the triangularly threaded screws can still maintain their effectiveness.


The Solar Probe Plus (SPP) spacecraft will explore the near-Sun environment, reaching heliocentric distances less than 10 R ⊙ ?> . Near Earth, spacecraft measurements of fluctuating velocities and magnetic fields taken in the time domain are translated into information about the spatial structure of the solar wind via Taylor's "frozen turbulence" hypothesis. Near the perihelion of SPP, however, the solar-wind speed is comparable to the Alfvén speed, and Taylor's hypothesis in its usual form does not apply. In this paper, we show that under certain assumptions, a modified version of Taylor's hypothesis can be recovered in the near-Sun region. We consider only the transverse, non-compressive component of the fluctuations at length scales exceeding the proton gyroradius, and we describe these fluctuations using an approximate theoretical framework developed by Heinemann and Olbert. We show that fluctuations propagating away from the Sun in the plasma frame obey a relation analogous to Taylor's hypothesis when V sc , ⊥ ≫ z − ?> and z + ≫ z − ?> , where V sc , ⊥ ?> is the component of the spacecraft velocity perpendicular to the mean magnetic field and z + ?> ( z − ?> ) is the Elsasser variable corresponding to transverse, non-compressive fluctuations propagating away from (toward) the Sun in the plasma frame. Observations and simulations suggest that, in the near-Sun solar wind, the above inequalities are satisfied and z + ?> fluctuations account for most of the fluctuation energy. The modified form of Taylor's hypothesis that we derive may thus make it possible to characterize the spatial structure of the energetically dominant component of the turbulence encountered by SPP.


Abstract This current study tested whether attentional control moderates the relationship between attentional bias to threat and anxiety in children. Children completed a self-report measure of attentional control and anxiety and an attentional bias task. Attentional control was examined as a moderator in the relationship between attentional bias and different dimensions of anxiety. The interaction between attentional control and attentional bias was significant for total and generalized anxiety. Although attentional control significantly moderated the relationship between attentional bias and anxiety, the direction of the interaction was not consistent with existing literature. Study implications and explanations for the study results are discussed.


In the title hydrated salt, [CoCl(C6H7N)(C2H8N2)2]Cl2·H2O, the CoIII ion exhibits a distorted octahedral coordination envirnoment defined by four N atoms of two ethane-1,2-diamine ligands, another N atom of the pyridine ligand and a Cl− ligand. The pyridine N atom and the Cl− ligand are in cis positions relative to each other. The crystal packing is dominated by intermolecular N—H...Cl, O—H...Cl and O—H...H hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the amino groups of the complex cation, the lattice water molecule and the non-coordinating Cl− anions. Weak C—H...Cl interactions consolidate the three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network structure.


In the present study, the effect of various processing methods like soaking, autoclaving, storage and pullulanase treatment on resistant starch content and in vitro starch digestibility of dhals (split pulses) of pulses pigeon pea, green gram and black gram was assessed. Results showed that these processing methods including pullulanase treatment significantly decreased the resistant starch (RS) content in all the samples. Further, results of in vitro starch digestibility demonstrated that autoclaving significantly increased the predicted glycemic index (pGI) and slowly digested starch (SDS). However, decrease in rapidly digested starch (RDS) and starch digestive index (SDI) was observed after autoclaving. Results suggested that RS and RDS are getting converted into SDS after processing treatments. Moreover, present findings suggest that, the processed dhals of pigeon pea, green gram and black gram could have added health promoting potential due to their high content of SDS.


A 22-year-old man presented to his local hospital with sudden onset of a dry cough after picking debris from his teeth with a 4 cm metal pin. …


Background: There is increasing recognition of the need for sophistication in the way culture is understood and taught in medicine. Method: A two-phase study designed to understand how best to approach cultural training with pediatric residents was conducted. A needs assessment, consisting of resident and faculty focus groups, was carried out from which a workshop was developed for pediatric residents. The aims were to increase knowledge of local cultures and resources as well as to encourage self-reflection and awareness of cultural issues. Results: Focus group participants were consistent in identifying needs for training in: (1) a specific knowledge base of local cultural groups; (2) skills to better negotiate cultural encounters; (3) reconciling general cultural knowledge with an understanding of individual patient/family beliefs and practices. Analysis of focus group and workshop data suggests that culture is seen as both an obstacle and challenge. Cultural training in medicine uncovers a clash of epistemologies: the promotion of culturally-centered medicine is 'strange' to learners situated within a pedagogical tradition based on a 'familiar' reductionistic view of health. Conclusion: Reconciling these divergent epistemologies requires a paradigm shift in how medicine understands culture and cultural training. These findings raise questions for consideration in other residency programs. Practice points Residents and teaching faculty identify culturally sensitive care as a challenge in medical pratice. Residents and faculty identify a specific knowledge base of local cultural groups' beliefs and practices as well as skill building as important curricular elements in cultural competency training. Cultural competency educational interventions that presents information on cultural groups' beliefs and practices may inadvertently lead to increased stereotyping unless also accompanied by a conceptual/anthropological understanding of culture. In order to be successful, curricula must be aware of the "epistemological clash" that occurs when a reductionist view of health meets this conceptual understanding. Training in culturally sensitive care should focus on fostering attitudes, knowledge and skills to negotiate complex transcultural encounters.


Objective: To identify age-adjusted poisoning episode rates, and poison control center contacts due to poisonings in children under 6 years old based on 1997–1999 National Health Interview Survey data; and compare findings with 1997–1999 Toxic Exposure Surveillance System data. Methods: Secondary analysis of National Health Interview Survey poisoning episode data for children 5 years and younger. Respondents were asked about poison exposures during the previous 3 months. Results: Based on National Health Interview Survey population weighted data there were 196/10,000 poisonings to young children <6 years. These exposures resulted primarily from harmful solid or liquid substances. A poison control center was called in 86% of exposures to children <4 years, but only in 70% of the 4–5 year old exposures. The odds of a poison control center not being called were 3.2 times greater for 4–5 year olds (compared to ≤3 years) and 4.5 times greater for African-American (compared with White-Americans). Comparison of National Health Interview Survey data with data in the 1997–1999 Annual Reports of the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System revealed the number of estimated exposures in the National Health Interview Survey data were approximately half those reported in the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System data. In both datasets, children 1–2 years of age had the highest percent of poisoning exposures. Conclusions: Using multiple datasets to explore poisoning rates in young children provides a broader perspective. Differences in findings reflect divergent data collection methods and biases inherent in each database. Although the majority of National Health Interview Survey respondents reporting contacting a poison control center for a poisoning exposure, rates are lower in specific subgroups indicating a need for targeted educational efforts.


A turbomachinery is essential part in the power generation cycle. But, it is main noise source to annoy workers and users and to make environmental problem. Thus it is important to reduce this noise for operating the power generation cycle. This noise is created by flow instability on rotor blade trailing edge. An airfoil that becomes a section of a rotor blade of a rotating machine is manufactured as a blunt trailing edge (TE) with a round or flatback shape rather than the ideal sharp TE shape for the purposes of producibility and durability. This increases the tonal noise and flow-induced vibration at low frequency owing to vortex shedding behind TE when compared with a sharp TE. In order to overcome this problem, this study investigates the oblique TE shape using numerical simulation. In order to do so, the flow was simulated using large eddy simulation (LES) and the noise was analysed by acoustic analogy coupled with LES result. Once the simulation results were verified using the flatback airfoil measurements of Sandia National Laboratories, numerical prediction was performed for airfoils modified to have oblique trailing edge angles of 60°, 45°, and 30° to analyse the flow and noise characteristics. From the simulation results for an airfoil having an oblique TE, it could be seen that the vortex shedding frequency moves in accordance with the oblique angle and that the vortex shedding noise characteristics change according to this angle when compared to the flatback TE airfoil. Therefore, it is considered that modifying the flatback TE airfoil to have an appropriate oblique angle can reduce noise and change the tonal frequency to a bandwidth that is suitable for mechanical systems.


We examine whether and how the world's largest population planning program, the One-Child Policy, has shaped intergenerational mobility in China. Using a dataset with 2,096,798 childparent(s) pairs combined from various rounds of ten separate national household surveys, we leverage exogenous variation in fine rates imposed for One-Child Policy violations across provinces to study causal impacts of the One-Child Policy on intergenerational persistence. Using a continuous difference-in-differences approach, we find that for cohorts born between 1980 and 1996, the One-Child Policy reduced persistence in intergenerational income, education, and social class, comparing to those born prior to 1979. We estimate that the overall effect of the One-Child Policy fines was to reduce persistence in intergenerational income, education, and social class by 28.1%, 48.7%, and 24.8%, respectively. Analyzing mechanisms, we find that the One-Child Policy boosted China's intergenerational mobility by diminishing elite family heirship, concentrating resources for lower-income families, and decreasing returns to education. The One-Child Policy has brought about a significant socioeconomic reshuffle that has reshaped the role of China's longstanding class solidification.  We are grateful to Wesley Blundell, Benjamin Cowan, Giovanni Gallipoli, Hugo Reichardt, Jesse Rothstein, Marlon Seror, and Jonathan Yoder for their helpful comments. * School of Economics, Washington State University. firstname.lastname@example.com † School of Economics, Washington State University. email@example.com ‡ School of Economics, Washington State University. firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Do those gentry certainly have blue blood? — In 209 B.C., by Chen Sheng, a well-known leader of a large peasants' revolt, recorded in Historical Records, the Hereditary House of Chen She


Objective:TCM Gegen extract(puerarin)and glucose tolerance factor(GTF) can regulate glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism.The purpose of research is to observe effect of the comoles compound of puerarin and GTF at molecular level on diet-induced obesity in rats.Methods:Male SD obese rats,induced by high fat feed,were randomly divided into fi ve groups:obese model group,positive medicine control group,the groups with small,middle and large of puerarin and GTF,and normal control group.The rats were given medicine for four weeks,body weight of every week,and lipid were measured.Results:After being fed the comoles compound of puerarin and GTF at molecular level for four weeks,the weight growth of rats was slowed down,the level of the following quota:TG,TC,serum insulin and serum leptin declined,the level of HDL-C increased.Compared with obese model group,there was a difference(P0.05).Conclusion:TCM Gegen extract is combined with GTF at molecular level after disposing,the compound obviously reduces weight growth and the level of lipid.


Designed to enable students to understand and communicate and participate effectively in day-to-day international business conducted in English, this course is for ELT learners at low-intermediate level. Each of the 20 units places the emphasis on speaking and listening, and the reading and vocabulary-building supplements, together with the diagnostic grammar, make the course flexible enough for mixed-ability classes. A grammar reference and practice section, and a word-list and pronunciation guide, are included. The course is suitable for students studying on their own or under loose supervision, and an accompanying cassette is also available.


When examining terrorism, you can find many reasons as to why people may resort to such violence; whether they be for financial purposes, religious incentives, revenge, or for the thrill of violence. However, in Western literature one aspect infrequently written about is how cultural insensitivities and other aggravating factors, presented in this paper, contribute to grievances that help solve the collective action problem posed by many organizations. Throughout my paper I introduce flaws in the handling of cultural practices in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, how they have plausible correlation with increased recruitment by extremist organizations, and what the Department of Defense is doing to the promote the elimination of these factors. This paper explores instances of cultural mishandlings and abuse at the arms of United States service members; including Abu Ghraib, U.S. drone strikes, and ground force activities. Using empirical data on the amount of terrorist attacks occurring in Iraq and Afghanistan and the dates of significant military incidents, I try to narrow the gap between grievances and the use of political violence by terrorist organizations. Later, I introduce programs created by the Department of Defense to increase cultural awareness and boundaries of the regions that troops will be deployed to.


The Near-Infrared Magnetograph is used to make the first 2D image of true magnetic field strength in the solar photosphere. The magnitude of the magnetic field vector is derived with a typical formal precision of + or - 75 G (2 sigma) from circularly polarized spectra of a highly Zeeman-sensitive iron line at 6388.6/cm. The true-field map demonstrates that the properties of 'kilogauss' flux tubes vary coherently on a variety of spatial scales within the 1-arcmin field of view. The measured fields span the range 1000-1700 G. The amplitude of the polarized signal implies that the spatial filling factor of the flux tubes can approach 0.3 at the seeing-limited resolution of 2 arcsec. Magnetic field strength and magnetic flux are statistically related in the sense that weak-field areas are weak-flux areas, but strong fields are present in both strong-flux and weak-flux areas. This implies a degree of independence in the relationship between the filling factor of flux tubes and their individual properties, such as field strength, pressure, and temperature.


The system calibration is very important for the Ultra Wide Band-Virtual Aperture Radar (UWB-VAR) which could penetrate ground to detect the flush buried targets with weak scattering. The usual system calibration method used in narrow band radar with high frequency is based on one single calibration object, which can not be applied to the UWB-VAR system any more for its ultra bandwidth and inconsistentness among different channels. In this paper after analyzing the system errors and the electromagnetism of both calibration objects and landmines a new method basing on fusing multiple calibrators and multiband is introduced. This new method could not only calibrate the system errors efficiently, but also enhance the performance of imaging. Finally it is proved to be


In this paper a theoretical framework of robust fault-tolerant control (FTC) for a class of nonlinear nonaffine-in-control systems is developed. In the framework, an observer-like auxiliary system is designed via adaptive and sliding mode techniques, which is only required to ensure that the output of the auxiliary system asymptotic tracking plant output. Based on the auxiliary system, a reconfigurable fault-tolerant tracking controller is proposed for nonaffine-in-control systems. In this paper, the focus is on the accommodation of the actuator faults and resulting disturbances. It is shown that the proposed FTC design results in asymptotic convergence of the tracking error to zero. Finally, the proposed approach is verified using a three-degree-of-freedom simulation of a typical fighter aircraft and the significantly improved system response demonstrates the practical potential of the theoretic results obtained. Key–Words: Fault tolerant control, Adaptive sliding mode observer, Non-affine nonlinear systems, Actuator faults, Disturbances.


The emotion of fear has received a great deal of attention from theoreticians of administration, due to the negative impact it has on organizations. However, most of the research has focused on the way organizations are affected by fear, without providing argu ments to explain why the phenomenon arises. From the psycho-biological perspective, the article carries out a theoretical review of the nature of fear and the reactions to it, in order to facilitate greater understanding of the negative effects this emotion can have on organizations.


The SSM is an unprecedented experiment. For the first time, prudential banking supervision is conducted at supra-national level. The financial crisis has been a catalyst for the decision to do so, but it is no surprise that the European Union Treaty had already provided for the possibility to conduct banking supervision at the same level as the conduct of monetary policy, well before the financial crisis of the past decade.


Abstract : The Directorate of Environmental Management and Planning (DEMP), Redstone Arsenal Support Activity (RASA) is responsible for the development and management of command activities required to comply with environmental protection laws and requirements. The Environmental Technology Team (ETT) of the DEMP has the mission of managing and providing support for pollution prevention and ozone depleting chemical (ODC) elimination requirements associated with command activities and weapon system management. The objective of this task was to design and develop an information system necessary to provide the infrastructure for the storage, retrieval, and use of technical information required to support the above mission. Specific requirements of this task included integration of hardware/software platforms, data transfer requirements, communication protocols to internal and external sources, and development of user interface procedures.


Events with muons in the final state are an important signature for many physics topics at the Large Hadron Collider. An efficient trigger on muons and a detailed understanding of its performance are required. In 2012, the last year of Run I, the instantaneous luminosity reached 7.7×1033 cm−2s−1 and the average number of interactions that occur in the same bunch crossing was 21. The ATLAS muon trigger has successfully adapted to this challenging environment by making use of isolation requirements, combined trigger signatures with electron and jet trigger objects, and by using so-called full-scan triggers, which make use of the full event information to search for di-lepton signatures, seeded by single lepton objects. A stable and highly efficient muon trigger was vital in the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 and for many searches for new physics. The performance of muon triggers during the Large Hadron Collider Run I data-taking campaigns is presented, together with an overview and preliminary results of the new muon strategy and algorithms, designed to face the demanding environment, which will be adopted during Run II.


Linear stability of wall-bounded shear layers modified by distributed suction has been considered. Wall suction was introduced in order to simulate distributed surface roughness. In all cases studied, i.e. Poiseuille and Couette flows and Blasius boundary layer, wall suction was able to induce a new type of instability characterized by the appearance of streamwise vortices. Results of calculations show that a linear model of suction-induced flow modifications provides a sufficiently accurate representation of the basic state. The effects of an arbitrary suction distribution can, therefore, be assessed by decomposing this distribution into Fourier series and carrying out stability analysis on a mode-by-mode basis, i.e. once and for ever.


It is shown experimentally that a pulsed current driven through a Ni nanowire provokes an irreversible magnetization reversal at a field differing from the spontaneous switching field Hsw by ΔH of as much as 40% of Hsw. The state of the magnetization is assessed by anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements carried out on single, isolated nanowires with and without spin polarizer (Co/Cu multilayers). The parameter ΔH is studied as a function of the angle θ between the applied field and the wire. A shift of about 90° between both profiles ΔH(θ) with and without spin polarizer shows that the observed effect is related to the spin polarization of the current. The results are interpreted with a model of generalized Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation with spin-polarized current.


A number of previous studies show that short run impact of traumatic experience on risk attitudes. The direction of impact is mixed, as short run emotional effect dominates measured alterations in risk attitudes. This paper studies the long run impact of traumatic event on risk attitude formation, after the short run emotional effect dissipates by investigating if early childhood exposure to a war affects risk attitudes, using a survey data from South Korea. We use hypothetical lottery questions in the survey, conducted on approximately 8,000 individuals in South Korea. South Korea went through a devastating civil war from 1950 to 1953 that eventually left two Koreas divided until today. Unlike short-run impact studies, we find that a long run impact, mainly from the change in the shape of respondents' innate utility function is limited to a specific age group. We find that CRRA risk aversion parameter is significantly affected by the war for respondents who had early childhood exposure to the war. A corroborative analysis of South Korean presidential election survey from 2007 also shows that political conservativeness of the same age group of respondents is significantly affected by the war.


Abstract. This article brings to the fore the sociocognitive aspect of metacognition and processes involved in coregulation. We argue that coregulation in a learning situation that involves the interaction of teachers and students or peers is based on awareness of the partners' cognition, metacognition, affect, and motivation, as well as interpersonal perception processes and/or interpersonal relational control processes. One aspect of metacognition, particularly relevant to coregulation of learning, is metacognitive experience, i.e., how the interacting partners feel and what they think about the task at hand. Awareness of one's own and the other's cognition and of metacognitive experiences is necessary for metacommunication control processes. Evidence from two independent studies suggests that there can be misperception of the interacting partners' metacognitive experiences because of "theory-driven" conceptions of the other person or lack of metacognitive coregulation because of the prevalence of relat...


The deregulation of the airline industry precipitated a number of aviation industry changes: In the fall of 1978, Congress deregulated commercial aviation, arguing that the airlines had matured and no longer required the protection offered by regulation. The effects of deregulation were felt almost immediately. Airlines, testing their new freedoms, increased fares on some routes and decreased them on others. They entered numerous new markets and withdrew from a number of smaller, low-density markets. New carriers filed for certification and new marketing strategies evolved as the airlines' managements attempted to structure their route networks for survival in the new, highly competitive environment. (Federal Aviation Administration,_1987, p. 3) These changes, in turn, created or enhanced several aviation industry-wide problems: The evolution of the industry to date has had a significant impact on Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) workload and facility planning. The rapid development of connecting hub airports and an increased airline emphasis on schedule frequency to attract and control traffic have made airport capacity problems a major challenge for the FAA. (FederalAviation Administration, 1987, p. 3)


This paper aims to pursue various types of widely accepted theories of metaphor and their evolutionary process, for this study will make us understand more clearly how metaphor works and how it is recognized. On the one hand, this paper deals with philosophical and psychological approaches to metaphor led by I. A. Richards, W. K. Wimsatt, Monroe C. Beardsley, and Wheelwright. On the other hand, this paper surveys theories on metaphor raised by the three linguistic circles. First, Noam Chomsky and Robert J. Matthews approach metaphor as typical examples of syntactic and semantic deviances. Second, pragmatic theories emerge as a way to go beyond the limits of syntactic and semantic approaches. Paul Grice, Michael J. Reddy, and John R. Searle attack the defects of the syntactic and semantic views. Third, cognitive approaches explore the nature of metaphor in a wider perspective. They stress not only inner conceptualizing, but also outer conceptualizing including custom and culture experienced by man who exists in the world.


An existence result is established for a generalized bifunction-set optimization problem, under some verifiable assumptions. Its proof is based on a Browder fixed point theorem and the KKMFan-Lemma. As applications of the main result of this paper, we obtain new existence results for some generalized versions of Kuroiwa set optimization problems and strong vector quasiequilibrium problems. Examples are provided. One of them is a non-cooperative generalized game with utility multifunctions.


Civil right of indictment is totally granted to the parties of a dispute,which is against the demand of social reality that there should be a civil subject who represents public interest to initiate a public prosecution.In theory,the most appropriate representative are procuratorial organs.It is a globally common phenomenon that a public prosecution is initiated by procuratorial organs,which is suitable in the view of theory,just and the nature of procuratorial organs.


Contact sensitivity with the general properties of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) can be induced in mice by 3-heptadecylcatechol (HDC), a component of poison oak urushiol oil. Sensitization is routinely effected by painting on abdominal skin and is assessed by measuring ear swellings produced after ear challenge. Further studies of the nature of the sensitization process were made by monitoring the induction of lymph node cell (LNC) proliferation after cutaneous treatment with HDC. Proliferation was assessed by testing the 'C-thymidine uptake of cell suspensions in vifro. After abdominal painting of mice with HDC, inguinal LNC proliferation was detectable, peaking after 5-6 d. Ear painting with the standard challenge dose of HDC alone resulted in cervical LNC proliferation, peaking after five days. However, if mice were sensitized on their abdomens before ear challenge, the cervical LNC proliferation was strongly suppressed. Investigations were then performed to determine whether HDC sensitization induced regulatory cells against the proliferative response. Transfer of pooled LNC from sensitized donors (at later times after sensitization) to normal recipients suppressed the induction of draining inguinal LNC proliferation subsequently arising after recipient sensitization. This suppression was more marked when the donor LNC were taken from mice at times after the normal peak of proliferation. As few as lo7 LNC taken from mice 10 d after sensitization could transfer suppression. The HDC-induced suppressive effect appeared to have a nonspecific component, but such suppression was more effective against proliferation induced by HDC itself, implying that a specific component also existed. Cells mediating suppression were T lymphocytes, as evidenced by their sensitivity to treatment with antiThy-I .2 antibody and complement. However, LNC containing such suppressor cells could not suppress the in vitro activity of cells already proliferating at optimal levels, nor could such LNC block the induction of DTH in recipient mice. Hence, this afferent suppression may regulate the proliferation of specific lymphocyte subclasses involved in contact hypersensitivity to HDC without prcventing the induction or expression of T cells mediating DTH.


Remote-sensed and reanalysis databases are valuable sources of environmental data that support a wide range of engineering applications. However, the sizes of such databases are often measured in terabytes (TB). Whereas these datasets with high spatial resolution are usually stored on the servers of national laboratories, the large data volume can be inconvenient for individuals who wish to work with the data. To that end, it is important to investigate how much redundant information the dataset contains, e.g., are the time series from two adjacent pixels statistically different? We use kriging, a spatial interpolation technique, to quantify such redundancy. More specifically, if the kriged environmental processes are sufficiently accurate, one can circumvent the need to work with the original high-spatial-resolution data, and use only a dimension-reduced version of the data. The empirical part of the paper considers the National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB), which provides half-hourly, gridded, satellite-derived solar irradiance data, with a spatial resolution of 4 km by 4 km, spanning 1998-2017, with a total size over 40 TB. NSRDB is a valuable dataset for solar resource assessment applications. The beam normal irradiance (BNI) process is reconstructed using data on various dimension-reduced lattices. The trade-off between spatial resolution and data accuracy is studied.


Stability is the most relevant property of dynamical systems. The stability of stochastic differential equations is a challenging and still open problem. In this article, using a fuzzy Mittag–Leffler function, we introduce a new fuzzy controller function to stabilize the stochastic differential equation (SDE) ν′(γ,μ)=Fγ,μ,ν(γ,μ). By adopting the fixed point technique, we are able to prove the fuzzy Mittag–Leffler–Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability of the SDE.


Idiopathic painful conditions most commonly affecting dentoalveolar region are trigeminal neuralgia, atypical odontalgia and myofascial pain. Dental or CNS pathology must be excluded for definite diagnosis of "true" trigeminal neuralgia. . Anti-epileptic drugs, generally first line of treatment, control pain attacks in almost 80% of the cases. Surgery is considered mainly in recalcitrant cases. Atypical odontalgia, is pain connected with tooth or tooth site, with absence of associated tooth pathology. Many cases are perpetuated or triggered by dental procedures, The major issue in management is to establish an accurate diagnosis. Tricyclic antidepressants have shown best results in such pain control. The etiology of myofascial pain is poorly understood and many contributing factors have been considered . Most patients respond to conservative therapy which should be directed toward elimination of factors that are regarded as playing a major role in initiating, aggravating, or perpetuating the disorder.


The deep-sea hydrothermal integrated online detection system is used for pull-type underway detection of deepsea polymetallic sulphides mining areas.The drag body is designed to be the squirrel-cage structure,which is bended and welded with steel pipe.Based on Solidworks' COSMOSWORKS software,the finite element analysis is made on the side beam of drag body,which is the weak load-bearing part.The results show that,when a force of 2tis exerted on the external central part of the side beam,the maximum stress and maximum displacement are 340MPa and 0.5mm respectively,meeting the requirement on strength and stiffness.Also,the minimum safety factor is 1.73,and the structure of the side beam can be further optimized.According to the load-bearing test and on-site drag operation,the drag body is able to vertically and circumferentially withstand the static load of 2tand tremendous impact of submarine cliff and rock.


We report an extensive analytical and numerical study of the trimolecular system A + 2X ⇄ 3X on lattices with restricted geometry, including fractal sets. It is shown that the asymptotic value of 〈A〉/〈X〉 attained starting from a lattice completely covered by X is largely determined by the mean coordination number, while fractal dimension seems to play little role. If a small external flux of A is allowed, the behavior is no longer dominated by coordination number, but by the existence of stable configurations of A-sites. © 1995 American Chemical Society.


SUMMARY The conodont faunas of the Raygill Quarry limestones represent the Gnathodus homopunctatus and Gnathodus commutatus Zones and are of Chadian to Arundian age. The base of the Arundian, as indicated by the first archaediscid foraminifera, occurs some 45 metres below the top of the section. Many of the conodonts in the limestones, particularly in the upper 25 metres, appear to be reworked. The Raygill limestones correlate very well, both lithologically and faunally, with the Embsay Limestone of the Skipton Anticline and it is suggested that the strata in Raygill Quarry should be classified as Embsay Limestone.


In this teaching unit, students are going to reflect on and discuss about world's diversity. They will set out on a discovery trip through the 5 continents in order to discover how young people live; the issues that affect their way of life and how much the place you are born affects your outcome in life.


The context of product development can be understood as transformation of needs into technical solutions under the continuous handling of uncertainties. These result particularly in early development phases from a lack of technical knowledge. In order to counter the uncertainties, companies are increasingly implementing agile approaches, which mostly originate in the area of software development. Although these are suitable for flexible handling of project management activities and lead to an increased reactivity of the development team, they do not address the early and continuous integration of technical knowledge into the process. With the aim of optimizing mechatronic systems with regard to their lightweight design potentials, in this article a method is developed that supports agile development with the goal of lightweight design. Therefore, it combines a method for functional modelling with a function-based lightweight design method. The targeted integration of technical knowledge has shown that lightweight design potentials can be optimized iteratively in agile approaches. As an initial validation, the applicability of the method was demonstrated in a development project.


Time-reversal symmetry of most conservative forces constrains the properties of linear transport in most physical systems. Here, I study the efficiency of energy transfer in oscillator networks where time-reversal symmetry is broken locally by Lorentz-force-like couplings. Despite their linearity, such networks can exhibit mono-directional transport and allow to isolate energy transfer in subsystems. New mechanisms and general rules for mono-directional transport are discussed. It is shown that the efficiency at maximum power can exceed $1/2$ and may even approach the upper bound of unity.


Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important oilseed plants, and has also gained considerable attention as an alternative crop to rice in Japan. The genetic improvement of the constituents of sesame is an important subject (Tashiro, 1989). However, the conventional method of determining the contents of the major constituents is timeconsuming and laborious. A simple and rapid method of determination is necessary for screening sesame varieties and lines. A nondestructive method of analysis of seeds is needed so that the sample seeds can be used for breeding after analyses and selection. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an important tool in the fi elds of agriculture and food analyses (Norris, 1987; Murray, 1990; Osborne and Fearn, 1993; Barton and Kays, 2001; Shenk et al., 2001; Kawano, 2002). NIR is also used for analyzing the fatty acid composition in sesame seeds (Sato et al., 2003) and for identifying their geographic origin by their contents (Kwon et al., 1998). The major constituents are important indices of seed quality for nutritional classifi cation, and their quantifi cation by NIR analyses would be valuable. Here, we report the feasibility of NIR spectroscopy for the nondestructive estimation of the major constituents of sesame seeds, irrespective of their coat color sesame seeds had.


A thick bioclastic sediment wedge was deposited on the slope of the Maiella carbonate platform margin in the Late Campanian to Late Maastrichtian. The wedge consists of lobate depositional units (laterally and vertically convex structures). The complex internal geometries of the lobes combine characteristics of unidirectional sandwaves and the alternating point‐sources of deltas. Excellent outcrop permits a detailed documentation and discussion of the depositional processes.


Failure diagnosability has been widely studied using discrete event system (DES) models. It is, however, shown in this work by means of a counterexample that the diagnosability condition, which has been shown to be necessary and sufficient in the DES context, fails to hold for many real‐world hybrid systems. This is because the abstraction employed in formulating the DES models obliterates the continuous dynamics. In the present work, a new failure diagnosability mechanism has been developed for discrete time hybrid system (DTHS) models to alleviate this problem. A new diagnosability condition is proposed and its necessity and sufficiency with respect to the diagnosability definition are established formally. Finally, the method of A‐diagnosability, which can also be used to circumvent this problem and which needs additional probabilistic information for diagnosability analysis, has been shown to have a higher computational complexity than the DTHS model based method proposed in this paper. Further, it is also highlighted that the DTHS model based diagnosability analysis technique is capable of diagnosing faults that degrade the temporal performance of the system, which cannot be handled by the A‐diagnosability analysis mechanism. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society


e19600 Background: Cancer represents a major clinical problem in the elderly. Two thirds of the population with lung cancer is 65 yrs or older. Lung cancer represents the first cause of death by ca...


A compact broadband differential‐fed microstrip patch antenna with 5.8 GHz WLAN band‐notched under quad‐mode resonance is proposed in this article. The antenna consists of two hybrid shape radiation patches and a pair of capacitances loaded loop (CLL) resonators. The broadband performance is achieved by integrating TM10 and TM01 radiation modes of rectangular patches and TM1,0,−1 radiation mode of triangular patches. Then these three radiation modes are adjusted close to each other to form a wide operation band. After that, with the loading of CLL resonators, a nonradiative resonant mode is introduced. Thus, the low‐frequency band of the proposed antenna can be further expanded, and a frequency notch point is introduced in 5.8 GHz WLAN band. Finally, the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured impedance bandwidth is about 43.5% (5.93‐9.23 GHz) while keeping a compact structure without any air gaps. Additionally, the broadside gain is varied from 4 to 6 dBi with a notch point at 5.8 GHz.


The invention relates to a DC-DC converter having a buck converter, wherein a polarity reversal protection circuit and an input filter is connected upstream. Furthermore, it is preceded by a shiftable step-up converter to the step-down converter in order to compensate short-time dips in the input DC voltage. The DC-DC converter preferably has two modes of operation, wherein activated in the first mode, the input filter and the boost converter is disabled and disables the input filter in the second mode and the boost converter is activated. The boost converter used with components of the input filter and the polarity reversal protection circuit.


Due to an optoelectronic oscillator and time-domain processing, a microwave signal generator, which can output sine, square, triangle and sawtooth, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It show low cost, transparent to wavelength and large bandwidth.


In the article question on the criminal liability of the municipal employee for an expenditure of the funds received from off-budget sources is analyzed debatable in the theory of criminal law and law-enforcement in practice. The author with a view of maintenance of the uniform approach in this point in solution of this question analyzes positions of Гуманитарные науки. Право 438 scientists' and practice of application of the item 285.1 of the criminal code of Russian Federation


Based on the calculation of ellipsoid area,as well as the definition of polygons in geometry library we achieve a spot size of the calculation of Fig in ArcObject.Compared with the results of planar projection are the results of the calculation,more suitable for large-scale area.


This review summarizes the advancement on sintered composites based on tungsten–copper (W–Cu) reinforced with graphene (Gr) or its derivative such as reduced Gr oxide (rGO) for use as electrical contacts applied in switching devices. Main synthesis approaches for preparing Gr or rGO reinforced W–Cu composite powders and their consolidations by using various powder metallurgy techniques are presented. The nature of the initial materials, synthesis conditions, processing parameters, and the relevant findings are disclosed and discussed. The improvement in microstructure and technical characteristics like density, electrical conductivity, hardness, coefficient of friction, wear rate, and arc ablation behavior of W–Cu–Gr/rGO composites are highlighted comparatively with that of unreinforced composites. This review reveals an insight into a novel class of composites as candidates for electrical contact applications.


.................................................................................................................................. ii Table of contents ................................................................................................................... ix List of tables ......................................................................................................................... xii List of figures ....................................................................................................................... xiv List of appendices................................................................................................................ xiv List of publications and presentations .............................................................................. xvi Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ xvii Author's declaration ......................................................................................................... xviii List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................... xix 0. General introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1: Epidemiology and impact of stroke in Africa: a systematic review of the literature.................................................................................................................................... 3 1.


This article studies a boundary value problem of nonlinear fractional differential inclusions with anti-periodic type integral boundary conditions. Some existence results are obtained via fixed point theorems. The cases of convex-valued and nonconvex-valued right hand sides are considered. Several new results appear as a special case of the results of this paper.


Based on airline pilot surveys, industry committees and workshops, conducted on advanced technology "glass cockpit" airplanes, concerns have been raised about the application and long-term effects of automation technologies. It has been pointed out that purely technology-driven designs had resulted in unintended and unforeseen negative consequences. In order to counter this trend it has been proposed to shift the focus from technology-centered designs to what has become known as human-centered design. There are three primary objectives within a human-centered design philosophy: (1) the design should enhance the user's abilities, (2) the design should help overcome user limitations, and (3) the design should foster user acceptance. This paper discusses the human-centered design objectives within the context of commercial transport airplane developments. Representative examples of a human-centered design are presented.


Ion emission resulting from the Coulomb explosion of highly charged Ar40 000 clusters is studied experimentally and by means of three-dimensional microscopic particle-in-cells (3D-MPIC) simulations, for laser intensities up to 1016 W cm−2. The experimentally measured ion emission spectrum shows a pronounced knee-like feature which defines the maximum energy of isotropically emitted ions in the Coulomb explosion. The variation of the 'knee energy' with laser intensity that is measured in our experiments is rationalized using 3D-MPIC simulations. The computations also enable an estimate to be made of the ion charge distributions. The computations show that at a laser intensity of 1016 W cm−2, more than 64% of the ions that are produced are in very high charge states (8+ or higher).


999 Figure 1 ROC curves for logistic models including cg16767801 (in blue), or cg23642047 (in green) or both (in red) as predictors and all cases (A), cancer (B) or CIN3 (C, D) as outcome. Models were fitted on 1,000 training sets with 80% of the cases and 80% of the controls and performances were evaluated on a test set with the remaining 20% of participants. The pointwise average, 5th and 95th percentiles of the True and False Positive Rates and Area Under the Curve (AUC) are reported. Results presented in panels A, B and C were obtained using our study population (N=114 controls, N=73 CIN3 cases and N=54 cancer cases). An independent validation set (accession number GSE14375s, with N=54 controls and N=42 CIN3 cases) was used in panel D. Disclosures This work was funded by NIHR and the Wellcome Trust. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. 03. Endometrial cancer #196 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED MODEL FOR TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASOUND EARLY DETECTION OF ENDOMETRIAL ATYPICAL HYPERPLASIA AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER IN WOMEN WITH POSTMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING Ilaria Capasso*, Giuseppe Cucinella, Hiroaki Takahashi, Luigi Antonio De Vitis, Adriana Gregory, Bohyun Kim, Evelyn Reynolds, Darryl Wright, Gretchen Glaser, Carrie Langstraat, Abimbola Famuyide, Daniel Breitkopf, Andrea Mariani, Timothy Kline. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Mn, USA 10.1136/ijgc-2023-ESGO.54 Introduction/Background Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding (PMB) is usually the first manifestation of endometrial cancer (EC) and endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH). Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is often the first diagnostic step for PMB. Although TVUS has a high sensitivity, specificity is low and a high rate of invasive biopsy procedures are performed, the majority of which are found negative on pathologic evaluation. This study developed an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model based on TVUS images to improve the accuracy of TVUS in EAH/EC early recognition in patients with PMB. Methodology 300 patients with PMB were enrolled. All patients underwent TVUS and endometrial sampling within three months from TVUS. Manual segmentation of the endometrium on two static images for each patient was performed independently by two radiologists. Patients were classified into cohort A (EAH/EC) and cohort B (benign) based on the endometrial sampling report. A fully automated segmentation model (ASE) was developed. For the second phase, radiomic features were calculated from the regions-of-interest and individual feature analysis was evaluated. These features were also used to train a wide range of machine learning-based classifiers. Abstract #196 Figure 1196 Figure 1 Results ASE-reader agreement shows similar performance to inter-reader agreement (ASE-Reader agreement: Dice similarity of 0.79±0.21). For the classification task, the deep learning model identified 92 features related to image texture and pixel intensity that were significantly different between cohort A and B. The top performing classifier model was a Support Vector Classifier using Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance feature selection. For the 3-fold evaluation, the AUC was 0.90 [0.88–0.92] for validation, and 0.88 [0.86–0.91] on the hold-out test set. Conclusion We have trained an AI-based algorithm to differentiate EC/EAH from benign conditions based on TVUS images in a PMB population. Based on our preliminary results, we plan to expand this work in larger cohorts and evaluate the AI model in external datasets. #434 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ENDOMETRIOSIS AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER: A REAL WORLD EVIDENCE STUDY Alberto Farolfi*, Sara Testoni, Francesca Rusconi, Nicola Gentili, Ilaria Massa, Valentina Danesi, Amelia Altavilla, Maria Concetta Cursano, Salvatore Luca Burgio, Gema Hernandez Ibarburu, Ugo De Giorgi. IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy; TriNetX, Cambridge, USA 10.1136/ijgc-2023-ESGO.55 Introduction/Background Endometriosis is a benign pathological condition characterized by the ectopic presence of endometrial tissue. Whether endometriosis predisposes the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer (EC) is still debated. This study uses realworld data (RWD) from the network of Abstracts Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023;33(Suppl 3):A1–A453 A35 on O cber 3, 2023 by gest. P rocted by coright. http/ijgc.bm jcom / nt J G ynecol C acer: frst pulished as 10.11ijgc-2023-E S G O 54 on 27 S etem er 223. D ow nladed fom


In the FY 2003, the number of registered vehicles in Korea reached 14 million, which is 7.7% increase from the previous year. The increase of number of vehicles has caused a lot of social problem with enormous costs. The social costs related to the vehicles includes environmental costs resulting from pollution and scraping of vehicles, those resulting from life-saving and repairing from car accidents and so on. There have been m any efforts to reduce the social costs in m any areas. As a part of the efforts, there are recent grow ing interests on the damageability & repairability in related industries. In this study, we investigated the cases of two different types of bum per stay. Futhermore, we analyzed their effects on damageability & repairability and reduction of repair cost. So we found that if the manufacturers design new cars with good damageability & repairability, then the total repair cost in crash will be reduced.


Peer relationships are considered to be a dominant feature of adolescence, but systematically formed social networks rarely have been studied. A social network analysis was used to describe adolescent friendship patterns and to compare them across schools and time. Ninth graders (n = 1030) atfive high schools identified their friends at Wave 1 and again one year later. The resulting sets offriendship links were subjected to social network analysis. The patterns of linkages identified adolescents as clique members, liaisons, and isolates. Clique membership was the modal social position pattern, but liaisons and isolates also were well represented. The proportions of adolescents representing each socialposition varied across schools. In all samples, cliques were homogeneous in gender, race, and mother's educational level, and cliques were largely stable over a one-year time period. The possibility that social network characteristics could explain a variety of adolescent differences is discussed


The model of the multilevel phase grating with polarization selectivity is planned. The distribution formula of diffraction is derived in detail on the basis of Fourier optics. The polarized properties of the grating are analyzed. Two models of gratings are designed by optimizing technique. The results of numerical simulations show that this method can realize polarization demultiplexing and spatial focusing simultaneously, and can separate o-ray from e-ray in desired angle (or spatial interval). While 8≤L(the number of phase level)≤16 , higher efficiency of diffraction is not only obtained, but also the grating is possessed of better balance and polarization character to both o-ray and e-ray. When L16, although the efficiency of diffraction can be increased a little, but the polarization character don't be heightened.


[Objective] To explore the pathogen and diagnosis of coma patients from emergency call-120, so as to enhance the doctor's ability to cope with emergency cases. [Methods] Retrospective analysis was used for analyze the pre-hospital first-aid records, rescue records, emergency treatment records and admission records of coma patients from December 2007 to December 2009 in our hospital. [Results] The top four kinds of diseases were cerebral vascular accident (28.5%), trauma (26.8%), poisonous diseases (16.0%) and diabetes (9.7%) and that 6.8% of such patients have been dead when doctors arrive at the spot. [Conclusion] We draw the conclusion that proper pre-hospital first-aid procedure is helpful to shorten the time to save the patient, enhance the efficiency of rescue and reduce death rate and disability rate caused by coma. It is also significant to pass on pre-hospital first-aid knowledge to the public to cope with coma.


List of Figures. List of Tables. List of Boxes. 1. The Importance of Television. 2. Television as Text. 3. The Genres of Television. 4. The Television Industry. 5. Television Production. 6. The Importance of Audiences. 7. Watching Audiences. 8. Postscript: Text, Producer, Audience. Bibliography. Index.


Artificial viscosity has been widely used in reducing unphysical oscillations in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations. However, the effects of artificial viscosity in the SPH simulation of sound interference have not been discussed in existing literatures. In this paper, parameters of the artificial viscosity term are added into the standard SPH equations for simulating sound interference accurately. First, a standard SPH code for simulating sound interference in the time domain is built to solve acoustic wave equations. Then the Monaghan-type artificial viscosity is used to optimize the SPH simulation. After this, the SPH algorithms with and without the artificial viscosity are both used to simulate the sound interference. Numerical results are compared with the theoretical solutions. Finally, the errors of SPH simulations are calculated and discussed. Analysis of these results shows that the numerical solutions of SPH simulation of sound interference agree well with the theoretical results,...


Electroless undoped and Co, Al co-doped ZnO (Zn1 − x − yCoxAlyO: x = 0.04, 0.03, 0.02; y = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) nanostructured thin films were deposited on soda lime glass in the present work. Microstructure of the ZnO films was strongly influenced by different doping concentrations of Co and Al into ZnO matrix. X-ray diffraction analysis has confirmed the absence of metallic Co or Al clusters apart from wurtzite type ZnO. The field dependence of magnetisation (M–H) curve of different concentration of Co and Al co-doped ZnO films was measured at room temperature. The ferromagnetism with saturation magnetisation (Ms) and coercive field (Hc) of the order of 3.843–4.813 × 10− 3 (emu) and 400.389–436.769 (Oe) respectively were observed for the doped ZnO thin films. The mechanisms for the ferromagnetism at room temperature in Co and Al co-doped ZnO films are discussed.


This paper refers to the HAPC of 400mm single stand reversible cold rolling mill, establishing mathematical model, simplifying and reducing orders for system transfer function on the foundation of reasonable assumption. This paper also designs PID and LADRC for reducing order model and uses fuzzy adaptive to do online optimization for the parameters of LADRC. In the end, the paper shows the simulation program of the controllers mentioned above. The results show that LADRC has less overshoot, shorter settling time, better robustness and stronger ability to restrain the disturbance. The conclusion is that the control performance of LADRC is superior than that of PID.


Collaborative spectrum sensing exploits multiuser diversity by combining spectrum sensing information from multiple secondary users to make joint decisions about spectrum occupancy. In hard fusion schemes, each secondary user makes a hard decision on spectrum occupancy and a fusion center makes a final decision by combining the individual hard decisions according to a fusion rule. In soft fusion schemes, each secondary user provides a signal power measurement to the fusion center, which performs further processing on the collection of all observations to make a final decision. In this paper, we propose hard and soft fusion collaborative spectrum sensing schemes based on the online hidden bivariate Markov chain modeling of the signals received by secondary users. Compared with prior collaborative sensing schemes, the proposed model-based schemes do not rely on precomputed thresholds or weights, and achieve superior performance. The online estimation of hidden bivariate Markov models provides predictive information that can be used to improve the performance of the dynamic spectrum access. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance and communication overhead tradeoffs of the proposed collaborative spectrum sensing schemes.


A theoretical expression describing the signal to noise ratio (SNR) improvement in a gain-levered laser is presented. The gain-lever effect yields an SNR improvement that is independent of the section length of the laser. However, the rate of spontaneous emission in the laser cavity induces a reduction in this improvement which is found to be dependent on the relative length of its sections.


A small high-temperature vacuum furnace, using tantalum as the heating element, is described. The main features of the furnace are its simplicity of construction, the absence of internal water cooling and the comparatively low power requirements (2.5 kW at 2200 °C).