Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency is a rare disorder of fatty acid oxidation; untreated, it results in early onset cardiomyopathy, hypoglycemia and neuropathy. Early dietary management is important for longterm health in children with LCHAD deficiency, although any such approach must address the need for essential long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), particularly in preterm infants. Here, we describe the case of a preterm infant with LCHAD deficiency diagnosed on neonatal screening test (NST), in which the fatty acid profiles were measured over time after birth. The patient was delivered by cesarean section at 29 weeks' gestational age (birthweight, 900 g) because of fulminant hypertension, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome in the mother. Corticosteroids and magnesium sulfate were given antenatally. The patient was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure was initiated after surfactant treatment due to respiratory distress syndrome, with respiratory support continuing until 15 days of age. Total parenteral nutrition including protein, glucose and SMOFlipid (SMOFlipid Fresenius Kabi, Uppsala, Sweden; 37.2% linoleic acid, 1% AA, 4.7% a-linolenic acid, 4.7% eicosapentaenoic acid, 4.4% DHA) commenced from day 1 and breast milk commenced from day 4 of age. On day 2 of age, routine NST suggested a disorder of fatty acid oxidation. On gene analysis the subject was homozygous for the common p.Glu510Gln variant in HADHA (LCHAD asubunit gene). From these findings, a diagnosis of LCHAD deficiency was established. Formula (Monogen , Nutricia, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, UK) containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) oil and low in LCPUFA was substituted for breast milk from day 7; SMOF lipid (SMOFlipid Fresenius Kabi) and total parenteral nutrition were ceased at day 9 and 11, respectively. Laboratory data did not indicate hypoglycemia or metabolic acidosis. Echocardiogram at 14 days of age showed normal left ventricular function. No clinical arrhythmias were observed on continuous monitoring. He was discharged at 2 months of age on Monogen (Nutricia) with bodyweight 2,750 g. The infant had normal development milestones and growth at 12 months' postconceptual age. Prior to the diagnosis of LCHAD, the infant had been enrolled in a prospective study of LCPUFA levels in preterm infants. The study had been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Women's and children' Hospital and parental informed consent had been obtained. Fatty acid profiles of cord blood and heel prick blood samples taken on days 4, 7, 14, 28 and 56 were analyzed using the dried blood spot method. Fatty acid profiles indicated a marked decrease in DHA and AA after SMOFlipid (SMOFlipid Fresenius Kabi) was ceased and Monogen (Nutricia) commenced. Concentrations of essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and a-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), were normal through the study period (Fig. 1). Monogen (Nutricia) has only 10.1 mg/100 mL DHA and also AA. In contrast, SMOFlipid (SMOFlipid Fresenius Kabi) contains approximately 410 mg/100 mL DHA and 94 mg/100 mL AA. Preterm infants are at risk of DHA deficiency because of missing the accumulation of DHA in the third trimester. The intrauterine accretion rate of DHA during the third trimester is approximately 43 mg/kg/day, whereas that of AA is 212 mg/kg/day. Based on these rates of accretion, Monogen (Nutricia) contains insufficient DHA and AA, in addition to protein, calcium and phosphorus for the nutritional requirements of the preterm infant. DHA has important roles in brain and visual development. Collins et al. showed that DHA supplementation (40–120 mg/kg/day) can prevent the decrease of DHA in preterm infants soon after delivery. In the present case, >40 mg DHA supplementation might have been necessary after SMOFlipid (SMOFlipid Fresenius Kabi) was ceased and Monogen (Nutricia) commenced. When supplementing with DHA, however, monitoring is needed to avoid the accumulation of toxic metabolites that can lead to accumulation of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA substrates in several organs. Correspondence: Chad C Andersen, MBBS FRACP, Department of Neonatal Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Received 14 September 2018; revised 17 December 2018; accepted 7 February 2019. doi: 10.1111/ped.13802


The SWOT is one kind of analysis technology of strategic plan research,and it is adopted extensively in regional plan research of recent years.The strength,weakness,opportunity and threat of Ba Yan Nor city are analyzed with SWOT analysis method from the degree of environmental protection,aimed to draw up the Development Plan Environmental Impact Assessment of Ba Yan Nor city.The result shows that increasing type strategy should be dominated while consideration must be given to other three type development strategies..


A total of 10 000 simulations of 1000 particle realizations of the same cluster are computed by direct force summation. After three crossing times self-gravity has amplified the original Poisson noise more than tenfold on large scales, and the amplification is still far from complete. The cluster's fundamental dipole mode is strongly excited by Poisson noise, and this mode makes a major contribution to driving diffusion of stars in energy. The diffusive flow through action space is computed for the simulations and compared with the predictions of both Chandrasekhar's local-scattering theory and the Balescu–Lenard (BL) equation. The predictions of local-scattering theory are qualitatively wrong because the latter neglects self-gravity. These results imply that local-scattering theory can account for only a fraction of a cluster's relaxation. Future work on cluster evolution should employ either N-body simulation or the BL equation. However, significant code development will be required to make use of the BL equation practicable and the way forward may be to merge BL theory with local scattering theory so fluctuations of every scale are efficiently handled.


Flow and fluid forces acting on several kind of trees in large scale wind tunnel were measured by using wind flow velocity meter and load cell. Drag coefficient of drag forces acting on a tree decreased with increase of Reynolds number because projected frontal area of tree canopy in still air decreased with increase of incident flow velocity. The reverse flow was not found at down stream region of tree under the influence of the flow passing through the tree canopy. The recovery of flow velocity in the wake of tree was more slow compare to that of circular cylinder in uniform flow. The impulsive forces acting on a pine tree were also measured.


Significance Human-induced carbon emissions are causing global temperatures to rise and oceans to acidify. To understand how these rapid perturbations affect marine calcifying communities, we investigate a similar event in Earth's geologic past, the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM). We introduce a method, isotopic filtering, to mitigate the time-averaging effects of sediment mixing on deep-sea microfossil records. Contrary to previous studies, we find that tropical planktic foraminifers in the central Pacific ocean were adversely affected by PETM conditions, as evidenced by a decrease in local diversity, extratropical migration, and impaired calcification. While these species survived the PETM through migration to cooler waters, it is unclear whether marine calcifiers can withstand the rapid changes our oceans are experiencing today.


Homography estimation between multiple aerial images can provide relative pose estimation for collaborative autonomous exploration and monitoring. The usage on a robotic system requires a fast and robust homography estimation algorithm. In this letter, we propose an unsupervised learning algorithm that trains a deep convolutional neural network to estimate planar homographies. We compare the proposed algorithm to traditional-feature-based and direct methods, as well as a corresponding supervised learning algorithm. Our empirical results demonstrate that compared to traditional approaches, the unsupervised algorithm achieves faster inference speed, while maintaining comparable or better accuracy and robustness to illumination variation. In addition, our unsupervised method has superior adaptability and performance compared to the corresponding supervised deep learning method. Our image dataset and a Tensorflow implementation of our work are available at  https://github.com/tynguyen/unsupervisedDeepHomographyRAL2018.


The use of centralized, real-time position tracking is proliferating in the areas of logistics and public transportation. Real-time positions can be used to provide up-to-date information to a variety of users, and they can also be accumulated for uses in subsequent data analyses. In particular, historical data in combination with real-time data may be used to predict the future travel times of vehicles more accurately, thus improving the experience of the users who rely on such information. We propose a Nearest-Neighbor Trajectory (NNT) technique that identifies the historical trajectory that is the most similar to the current, partial trajectory of a vehicle. The historical trajectory is then used for predicting the future movement of the vehicle. The paper's specific contributions are two-fold. First, we define distance measures and a notion of nearest neighbor that are specific to trajectories of vehicles that travel along known routes. In empirical studies with real data from buses, we evaluate how well the proposed distance functions are capable of predicting future vehicle movements. Second, we propose a main-memory index structure that enables incremental similarity search and that is capable of supporting varying-length nearest neighbor queries.


Abstract In order to provide continuous supply for succeeding application, abundant electricity energy and solar energy can be stored by means of thermal storage technology. In the present paper, the heat energy storage/exothermic tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of thermal energy storage and release of electricity energy in the self – designed heat storage box equipped with the composite phase change material (PCM), the delivery of heat to surrounding environment is through an air blower directly. The composite PCM consisting of Na2HPO4⋅12H2O and Na3PO4⋅12H2O at the ratio of 7:3 is used to carry out the tests, which is with stable solidification property. Following results are obtained from this research: (1) The solidification temperature of the composite PCM is 33.4 °C with reduced supercooling degree of 2.6 °C; (2) The is phase change exothermic enthalpy value of the composite PCM is 178.02 J/g; (3) The self – designed "peak load shifting" heat storage equipment for electricity energy is with the energy exchange efficiency of 89.59%. The achievements of this research show the applicability of the thermal storage technology by means of the composite PCM.


In 1967, Kadison asked"if $N$ is a subfactor of the factor $M$ for which $N'\cap M$ consists of scalars, will some maximal abelian *-subalgebra of $N$ be a maximal abelian subalgebra of $M$?". Generalizing a theorem of Popa in the type II case, we solve Kadison's problem for all subfactors with expectation $N \subset M$ where $N$ is either a type III$_\lambda$ factor with $0 \leq \lambda<1$ or a type III$_1$ factor that satisfies Connes's bicentralizer conjecture. Our solution is based on a new explicit formula for the bicentralizer algebras of arbitrary inclusions. This formula implies a type III analog of Popa's local quantization principle. We also give applications of our methods to II$_1$ factors, including a new characterization of Ozawa's W*-Akemann-Ostrand property.


We have developed highly enantioselective carbonyl-ene reactions catalyzed by a chiral titanium complex prepared from optically pure binaphthol (BINOL) and (i-PrO)2TiCl2 in the presence of molecular sieves (MS) 4 A. During the course of the structural elucidation of catalytically active "BINOL-Ti", MS 4 A employed in the catalyst preparation step was found to function not only as a base to trap HCl but also as H2O donor eventually providing the active "BINOL-Ti". The effect of counter cations of zeolites was also investigated in the catalyst preparation step. A sufficient content of Na cation in the zeolites is the key for efficient formation of the active "BINOL-Ti". Direct transformation of BINOL-Ti (Oi-Pr)2 under the influence of the hydrated MS 4 A into the active catalyst was examined, where BINOL-Ti (Oi-Pr) 2 was assembled into the active "BINOL-Ti" primarily composed of μ3-oxo (Ti3O) species via the di-μ3-oxo bridging tetranuclear titanium complex. Although the exact structure of the active "BINOL-Ti" has not yet been determined, we proposed a plausible pathway to the formation of active "BINOL-Ti" from BINOL and (i-PrO)2TiCl2 under the influence of hydrated MS 4 A.


Among 63 Aspergillus niger strains collected at the Vietnam Type Culture Collection, the strain Aspergillus niger VTCC-F021 showed the highest endoglucanase production. The endoglucanase production by A. niger VTCC-F021 attained the maximum in CPY medium containing (w/v) 0.4% 24 4 2 4 2 peptone, 0.1% extrat, 0.1% K HPO , 0.05% KCl, 0.05% MgSO .7H O, 0.001% FeSO .7H O and 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), after 120 hours of cultivation at 37°C, agitated at 200 rpm. The optimum temperature and initial pH for the endoglucanase production by the A. niger VTCC-F021 strain was 37°C and pH 5. Among tested carbon sources (coffee shell, corncob, dried tangerine skin, glucose, lactose, peanut shell, rice bran, sucrose, and sugar-cane bagasse), yeast extract and sugar-cane bagasse at the concentration of 0.1% (w/v) showed the highest glucanase production with an activity of 6.88 U/ml (100%) and 6.62 U/ml (96%), respectively. Peptone and soybean powder were the best 42 3 4 2 4 among tested nitrogen sources (NH ) NO , (NH ) SO , fish powder, peptone, soybean powder, urea) with glucanase activity of 5.32 U/ml (100%) and 5.11 U/ml (96%), respectively. A. niger VTCC-F021 produced the glucanase production optimum in the optimal CPY medium containing 0.4% (w/v) of sugar-cane bagasse as the carbon source and 1.4% (w/v) of soybean powder as the nitrogen source.


Abstract: Content based image retrieval (CBIR) has become a main research area in multimedia applications. In the literature, there is lot of papers focusing on the content-based image retrieval in order to extract the semantic information within the query concept. The content based image retrieval aims to find the similar images from PDF document against a query image. Generally, the similarity between the representative features of the query image and PDF images is used to rank the images for retrieval. In early days, various hand designed feature descriptors have been investigated based on the visual cues such as color, texture, shape, etc. that represent the images. In this project we have developed a method to extract the images present in PDF documents based on appropriate features extracted from query image such as color and local binary pattern features to find perfect matching image is present in PDF or not. Based on similarity analysis model we will display the query input image is present in PDF documents or not. If query matching image is present in the PDF documents then we will display the list corresponding PDF documents using suitable applications to show the presence.


A newintelligent chip of iButton-DS1961S and its application in prepayment meter are introduced.The SHA-1engine and SHA-1of DS1961S are emphasized especially.The design of prepayment meter is also given.


As one of the significant ecological environment problems, heavy metal pollution associates closely with environment quality, human existence and security of food supplies. The remote sensing pollution mechanism in soil pollution-Cd is discussed by researching into the status of rice leaf polluted-Cd in this paper. The response relationships between remote sensing information parameters, which reflected the vegetation structure, physicochemical properties and biologic parameters of soil-vegetation system, and soil polluted degree by Cd element are analyzed based on Hyperion satellite data and a great number of ground experiment data. To extract remote sensing parameter to Cd pollution, multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) was applied over the data, which is sensitive to rice chlorophyll, rice leaf moisture, rice cell structure and rice LAI. The remote sensing mechanism models of Cd pollution in rice soil are established, including MCARI-NDWI model, MCARI-RVSI model, MCARI-RVI model, NDWI-RVSI model, NDWIRVI model and RVSI-RVI model. The research results indicated that the pollution monitoring of soil Cd element in large scale might carry on initially according to these models, because different Cd pollution degrees are in different positions of these models, however, the precision of pollution models need be further improved.


The article presents the cognitive capabilities of online surveys for studying narrow, hard-to-reach target groups. The key issue of a survey conducted with specific audiences is respondents' search and involvement. The authors measured the response rate of labor migrants and people with disabilities according to the findings of the methodical analysis of two online surveys. The article proposes an algorithm of response rate measurement by internal and external parameters. Primary focus is on comparing the effect of using targeted advertising on Facebook and Yandex; the perception of advertising banner analysis in the context of survey's successful finishing; the calculation of response rate and several other indicators. The results of the methodical research indicate the most effective ways of audience involvement in online surveys, the importance of the questionnaire design, especially the first question. The main conclusion is that the test method provided with a set of conditions can be used for studying narrow target groups.


The multi-fractal analysis for pressure fluctuation signal in the impinging region of submerge circulative impinging stream reactor(SCISR) was performed by using the maximum method of wavelet transform modulus.The intermittence index of the signals was calculated with this method.Non-linearity,non-uniform character and chaotic behavior of fluid system in SCISR were discussed.The pressure fluctuation signals were collected by computer and analyzed by self-made programs with Matlab and Origin.The different rocating speed and different position signal was analyzed.The result shows that pressure fluctuation in SCISR possesses a multi-fractal character.The lower turning point of intermittence index figure can be used to determine the transition of flow regimes from impinging stream area to laminar flow area.With rocating speed changing the flow pattern transformation basic is consistent,around z=20 mm is considered as the transition and the transition at z=0 mm is latter than that at z=-10 mm.


The article presents the results of numerical studies and analysis of the feedwater regenerative heating operating modes depending on power unit capacity. The main parameters of this system are the enthalpy of the turbine steam extraction for heaters, as well as the steam consumption in these extractions. The dependences of the turbine unit steam flow rate and the change in expansion process of the steam turbine during the load regulation were investigated. The mathematical model of calculation the thermal power plant for a 300 MW power unit capacity was developed. Following on the results of the calculation conclusions of feed water regenerative heating operating modes at reduced loads of a turbine-generator for a 300 MW unit.


This research develops a procedure for DEA window analysis and MPI evaluation of a manufacturing process with fuzzy inputs and outputs. A real case study was provided to illustrate relative efficiency and MPI assessment of a blowing machine over a period of one a year. The proposed approach was implemented to measure the technical, pure technical, and scale efficiency scores for decision making unit. The results showed that the blowing process was technically inefficient due to scale inefficiency. Therefore, management should optimize the size of operations and better utilize resources. Then, the lower and upper MPI values and their corresponding technology change and efficiency change were calculated. The MPI results revealed the reasons behind MPI progress or regress in current period measured with respect to next period. This procedure provides great assistance to process engineering in obtaining reliable feedback on process performance and guide them to take proper actions.


Most of previous surveys of tourist activities using GPS devices have focused on where tourists visit and how long they stay, but not on what they actually do at each location. Thus, we have attempted to investigate the relations between the tourists' actual activities and their spatio-temporal data. In this paper, we conducted some experiments at a zoological park to build statistical methods for estimating whether a tourist is viewing an exhibition or not from his/ her GPS logs. The result shows that their walking speed seems critical for the estimation, and, by considering additional parameters, we can estimate precisely whether 20s tourist is viewing or not.


The purpose of this study was to examine the connection between sixth graders' cognitive tool use and the cognitive processes they engage in as they solve a complex problem in a hypermedia learning environment. The three research questions were: 1) Which cognitive tools are used for which cognitive processes? 2) Is there a relationship between the extent of students' engagement in cognitive processing and their cognitive tool use? and 3) Are there any differences in cognitive tool use and performance scores between students who are engaged in different patterns of cognitive processing? The findings showed that different cognitive tools were used for different cognitive processes, and the degree of engagement in cognitive processing was positively related to the frequency of tool use. These results indicate that there is a connection between cognitive tool use and cognitive processing. In addition, tool use patterns reflected different characteristics of the learners (information processing versus metacognition oriented). Students who were more metacognitively oriented were more consistent in their tool selection, while students who were more information processing oriented were more action oriented in performing the tasks. However, there was no difference in the diversity of tool use or the performance scores between the two groups of students.


We present Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 photometry of the central regions of the Phoenix dwarf galaxy. Accurate photometry allows us to (1) confirm the existence of the horizontal branch previously detected by ground-based observations and use it to determine a distance to Phoenix, (2) clearly detect the existence of multiple ages in the stellar population of Phoenix, (3) determine a mean metallicity of the old red giant branch stars in Phoenix and suggest that Phoenix has evolved chemically over its lifetime, and (4) extract a rough star formation history for the central regions, which suggests that Phoenix has been forming stars roughly continuously over its entire lifetime.


The class of mean residual life functions and sequences is characterized. Apart from the utility of such characterizations for modelling life distributions through empirically determined mean residual lives, it is shown that such functions arise naturally in many areas such as branching processes. Several additional consequences regarding various nonparametric classes of life distributions are derived, including some characterizations of the exponential and uniform distributions.


A patient with an obstructing, annular duodenal neoplasm is described. Percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy, and biopsy performed through an endoscope, confirmed that the lesion was an extramedullary plasmacytoma. The patient had been in clinical remission from multiple myeloma for the preceeding 13 months. Radiation therapy resulted in cessation of symptoms including gastrointestinal blood loss. After 5 months, recurrent obstructive symptoms and melena led to surgical extirpation of the tumor, with relief of all symptoms.


Abstract The present overview covers the fundamentals of multiaxial loading and the state of the art of the theoretical assessment of fatigue strength.


Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega‐3 PUFA) are emerging as dietary and pharmaceutical agents with multiple health benefits in both cancer and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an Omega‐3 PUFA, may in part be mediated by its effects on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are key components of angiogenesis in both cardiovascular disease and cancer.


A moist non-tobacco Snuff product in pouch, particulate or compressed form for oral placement is provided. The snuff product includes cocoa fibers in an amount of 5-100% by weight of bulk material of the product, and optionally addi tional plant fibers. The snuff product may contain flavour Supplements of food grade. Such as fruits, berries, flowers, herbs, oil of fruits and edible plants. Moreover, there is described a process for preparing moist non-tobacco Snuff including cocoa fibres. Cocoa fibers are provided, and option ally additional type(s) of plant fiber(s). The fiber bulk material is optionally grinded or cut and/or sieved, whereupon water, one or more humectants, and NaCl are added. The mixture is heated, kept heated and finally cooled down. Optionally, additional ingredients chosen from the group consisting of salts, humectants, dyes, and/or flavours are added to provide the moist, non-tobacco Snuff product.


In public library construction lagging higher education community,the community information group has become a new generation of vulnerable groups. Help them shall comply with the principles of overall,co-construction and sharing,and etc. Establish the library alliance coordination with government,community organization,on the basis of civil credit,combining enterprise with commercial database developers such as linkage,sharing,and construct the integrated service system to provide help for the higher education community information vulnerable groups to remove their information vulnerability and realize information fairness.


Rehabilitation after elective hip and knee arthroplasty often begins a week or more after surgery. This randomized controlled trial compared the impact


We propose an isoneutral eddy transport diagnostic framework and apply it in the Southern Ocean to analyze eddy potential vorticity (PV) transport dynamics. We leverage a thickness‐weighted spatiotemporal scale separation to define the generalized eddy flux. A local sampling method is employed and validated to estimate the transport tensor. We introduce Leonard's decomposition in Large Eddy Simulations (LES) to split the process into the Reynolds and non‐Reynolds parts. We also use the stationary‐transient decomposition. The non‐Reynolds term and the stationary effect contribute significantly to the transport properties. The Reynolds and transient parts have distinctions, that show oceanic mesoscale dynamics are not synergistic in time and spatial scales. We investigate the spatial scale dependence of each part and find that the transient and stationary components of the Reynolds (non‐Reynolds) term have consistent (dissimilar) scale dependence. The scale dependence of the generalized eddy flux and the transport eigenvalues is controlled by the non‐Reynolds term. We further investigate the eigenvalues in terms of the potential enstrophy and anisotropy. The potential enstrophy in the Southern Ocean holistically has a forward cascade on the researched scales. The Reynolds and transient effects efficiently promote the forward enstrophy cascade. The non‐Reynolds and stationary effects stimulate drastically anisotropic eddy transport. The PV gradient barrier mechanism dominates the drastic anisotropic case. When the anisotropy is weak, a special anisotropic case with a locally balanced potential enstrophy budget overwhelms the case of real isotropy. We also introduce several LES concepts, hoping to enlighten any potential ocean modeling and parameterization.


The deployment of smart meters by utilities holds the promise of improvements in operational efficiency, reliability and cost savings. With power measurements from smart meters, utilities can deploy innovative programs that allow end users to better control their energy usage while simultaneously reducing peak demand across the grid. In this paper, to develop data analysis tools for applications enabling monitoring and control of energy, a systems approach is taken, comprising of modeling, measurement, calibration and inference on the energy data collected from end users. A combination of analysis and synthesis for deriving data and measurement models calibrated to the aggregate power under measurement allows detection and estimation of features of individual appliances. Test results on disaggregation of power waveforms using the publicly available REDD data sets show promising results. The generic modeling and optimization framework can be used in the design and deployment of cyber physical energy systems for monitoring and control of energy resources.


According as the invention is applied in response to the electric field used for the mesogenic (mesogenic) oriented film, it characterized in that the branched or nematic liquid crystal of the branched one end a moving implement vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device wherein the mesogenic (mesogenic) by using the orientation film itself as a phase compensation film has the characteristics of a wide viewing angle even by omitting the phase difference plate on the outside of the liquid crystal panel, there is provided a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device of thin type which can reduce the manufacturing cost. A liquid crystal alignment film, the mesogenic alignment film, a retardation plate, a wide viewing angle, a phase compensation


The role of breeding birds as indicators of sustainable management in olive groves was investigated. The data revealed significantly higher alpha diversity in organic and abandoned olive groves and maquis than in conventional ones. The highest beta diversity was found between the following pairs: organic olive groves–maquis, and abandoned olive groves–maquis. Breeding bird diversity, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera densities positively influenced bird species richness in organic olive groves and maquis, and additionally, manure application positively influenced bird species richness in organic ones. Bird species richness was negatively influenced by pesticide and inorganic fertilizer application in conventional ones. Moreover, isopod density was unimportant in explaining breeding bird richness in organic olive groves. Finally, our study suggests a difference in bird communities of various olive groves as a result of different management and practices, and concludes that birds might serve as indicators of overall olive grove health. Furthermore, these findings could be used as a tool for prediction of breeding bird species richness probability in different olive grove management systems and maquis. Finally, the results of the present study may contribute to highlighting some aspects of the effect of different farming practices on the dynamics of Mediterranean bird communities.


On 17 December 2007 the Italian last instance administrative Court ("Consiglio di Stato -Consiglio di Stato") decided on the appeal brought by Lottomatica and Sisal against the judgement of the…


The decline in fossil fuel sources has led to an increase in demand for alternative energy sources. Photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the most promising and popular renewable energy technologies. During the realoperation of PV cells about15% of thesolarradiation istransformedintoelectricity, therestintoheat that warm up the PV cell. One of the challenges when construction a home photovoltaic capacity generation order or an off-gridiron photovoltaic capacity is the deficit of energy that is converted to heat in the cosmic photovoltaic piece, resulting in a loss of 6 volts per system at a low-energy conversion rate. However, photovoltaic solar panel systems can still offer a significant benefit by optimizing the system design by incorporating an active cooling system that would recover the 6-volt energy loss. In this research, the active cooling system of the photovoltaic module system is examined and discussed. The chill plan was installed with a leg on either side of the photovoltaic piece while the water abating arrangement was on the front. The energy and exergy analysis of both cooling systems were performed separately and combined using EES, METLAP and RET Screen Expert software. The highest temperature of the photovoltaic piece outside a cooling arrangement is 64.4℃. There is a decrease in the hotness of 21.3℃, 34.3℃and 39.4℃when the air, water and integrate chilling order is used to the photovoltaic piece plan to increase the warm adeptness of air, water and connect abating of about 8%, 14% and 23%, respectively. The system power improvement of 29.32W, 32.22W, and 37.37W for air, water, and combined cooling, respectively, was recorded.


The article describes the features of emotional burnout of actors and teachers in correlation with the self-esteem. The author has found that the actors' emotional burnout is associated with high self-esteem and situational anxiety. The teachers' emotional burnout is associated with an average self-esteem and personal anxiety. It is clarified that the relationship between high self-esteem and situational anxiety is peculiar only to males.


Total balance and evaluation of production processes taking the evaluation of metallic surface cleaning systems as an example In evaluating production processes for plant optimisation as well as for installation comparisons, nowadays the aspects of the complete requirements are only partially taken into account. Whereas techno-economical optimisation of production processes is currently applied by engineering processes, only few concepts exist for the quantification of ecological impacts. The main focus of this paper is to consider the ecological dimension through a process oriented ecological balance methodology. This methodology is based on the concept of life cycle analysis (LCA) of products and is applied in the field of metallic surface cleaning processes.


The EU cybersecurity approach vs the US cybersecurity approach. The EU cybersecurity approach. EU-US cybersecurity and cybercrime cooperation. Data protection and privacy: differences and similarities between the EU and the US. Cooperation EU-US on data protection. The intersection between privacy and security: the cybersecurity dilemma.


By modulating parameters in experiments and using hydraulically vibro-assisted jigs to wash anthracite in laboratory,the effect of declining ash is obvious and the arts and crafts is also simple.


As the size of diffracting structures with a diffractive optical elements is on the order of or less than the illumination wavelength, it is necessary to use a rigorous electromagnetic theory of diffraction to accurately analyze its performance. A rigorous electromagnetic analyse of two-dimensional diffractive microlenses is presented. Without paraxial approximation, the focusing performance of diffractive microlenses with different f-number have been determined including diffractive efficiency with different incidence polarizations (TE polarization and TM polarization), and different profile structures (continuous profile, 8-level profile and 2-level profile) of mircolenses, respectively. Both scalar and rigorous analyses are performed on all these diffractive microlenses.


The study of the relationship between flow structure and morphodynamic of bars in a channel expansion/contraction is essential to better understand the processes that control the evolution of rivers. Thus, multibeam echosoundings and Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP) measurements were performed with a high temporal resolution in an expansion/contraction zone of the Loire River (France) occupied by bars. During the monitoring period, the macroforms presented successively an alternate, a lateral and a transverse configuration. Field data were analyzed to study how the primary and secondary velocities, the flow directions, the bed shear stresses, and the bed roughnesses (associated to dunes) evolve as a function of the water discharge and bars configuration. The bars modify the flow structure imposed by the channel width variations. In fact, the bars induce a topographic forcing which enables the separation and reducing of the mixing of two currents formed in the upstream channel expansion. This forcing is enhanced by the turbulence formed by the large dunes superimposed on the bars. Therefore, the bars promote a nonuniform flow in the channel. In turn, in the channel expansion/contraction, the migrating bars' morphodynamics are affected by the downstream channel narrowing which stops their downstream migration and forced the bars in the system. Then the nonuniformity of the flow encourages the lateral migration of the macroforms until they reach a bank and become nonmigrating. Finally, the nonmigrating bars are eroded by the flow deflected during the migration of a new bar in the channel expansion/contraction.


Preface Crime & Forfeiture Federal Conspiracy Law: A Brief Overview Venue: A Legal Analysis of Where a Federal Crime May Be Tried Index.


Amid the growing literature on the costs and rewards of physical appearance for labor market outcomes, an economistic emphasis on looks as an investment strategy has gained prominence. The concept of aesthetic labor is a useful sociological intervention for understanding how the value of certain looks is constructed, and how looks matter for social stratification. Aesthetic labor is the practice of screening, managing, and controlling workers on the basis of their physical appearance. The concept advances research on the service economy by moving beyond a focus on emotions to emphasize worker corporeality. This article first untangles aesthetic labor from related concepts, including body work, emotional labor, and embodied cultural capital. Next is a review of three contexts in which scholars have applied aesthetic labor to the workplace: the organization, freelance labor, and the market. Because it situates the value of beauty in context, aesthetic labor foregrounds those power relations that define aesthetics, such as class, race, and gender. The concept incorporates insights from field theories of bodily capital, such that aesthetic labor denaturalizes beauty and seeks to explain the processes through which looks translate into economic and symbolic rewards.


Data breaches are becoming an ever increasingly large threat as reliance on telecommunication devices and services increase. Personally Identifiable Data (PII) is collected by nearly every public facing company and even some that are not publicly interfaced, drastically increasing the rate of data breach incidents. Emergent technologies such as cloud hosting increases the risks involved as it opens the doors for attacks to happen remotely. PII along with metadata that relates every user's actions together pose a threat to the end user if the collecting company does not do their due diligence to secure themselves against the onslaught of threats that exist on the open Internet. This paper aims to discuss the construction of your average data breach and paint a picture of what is at stake if things continue as they are now, and outline ways to mitigate this bleak future.


The main objective of this research is to design campus-wide secure information systems using multi-purpose smartcards as the portable security devices. The security of our system is mainly based on public-key cryptography. In our campus card, we incorporate a Hitachi H8/3113 chip module into Philips Mifare contactless IC card to provide dual-interface campus applications, such as for physical access control, electronic mail, library book lending system... etc.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of an educational material on the importance of developing healthy eating habits during pregnancy as a health promotion action. METHOD: This is a descriptive study that reports the experience of resident nutritionists in maternal and child health in the elaboration of an educational material for use in a health promotion action for a group of pregnant women. A booklet was prepared with the aim of motivating pregnant women to build healthy eating habits. The elaboration was developed based on the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population, 2014, and the information was arranged through explanatory texts and thematic images to make the material more didactic and attractive. The material was made on the graphic design platform Canva and printed to be used with the group of pregnant women. RESULTS: The booklet was entitled "Nutritional Planner for the Pregnant Woman" and addressed scientific evidence in health about pregnancy, such as: importance of food choices for mother and fetus, vegetable hygiene, tips to alleviate nausea, care with intestinal health and the ten steps for healthy eating described in the Guide. In addition, the material brought spaces for recording daily goals for a healthy lifestyle. CONCLUSION: The experience regarding the elaboration of the material was a means of transmitting information in an accessible way to the target audience, aiming to promote health and raise awareness about the importance of healthier food choices for a good gestational outcome with the objective of maintaining a quality of life. and maternal and child health.


Provided is a technology related to a sensor network, machine to machine (M2M), machine type communication (MTC), and the Internet of things (IoT). Transmitting data between transceivers including transmitting data segments of source data and parity data segments including restoration information for a transceiver to restore the source data. The method is applicable to intelligent services based on the technology (e.g., smart home services, smart building services, smart city services, smart or connected car services, health care services, digital education services, retail business services, security and safety-related services, etc.).


The purpose of this study was to quantify the effective timings of exerting joint torques for obtaining a large bat head speed at the ball impact in baseball batting motion. Twelve baseball batters performed hitting a teed ball as strongly as possible. The whole-body segments with bat were modelled as a system of sixteen-rigid linked segments. The kinematic and kinetic data were measured with the motion capture system with 3 force platforms and an instrumented bat. The major contributors were calculated using the equation of the whole-body motion considering the generating factors of the motion-dependent term. Since the instances when the individual contributions show peak values differ among the contributions of the major positive contributors, effective timings of exerting large joint torques exist for obtaining a large head speed at the ball impact.


Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 is an interesting, earth abundant photovoltaic material, but has suffered from low open circuit voltage. To better understand the film structure, we have measured resonant x-ray diffraction across the Cu and Zn K-edges for the device quality thin films of Cu2ZnSnS4 (8.6% efficiency) and Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (3.5% efficiency). This approach allows for the confirmation of the underlying kesterite structure and quantification of the concentration of point defects and vacancies on the Cu, Zn, and Sn sublattices. Rietveld refinement of powder diffraction data collected at multiple energies is used to determine that there exists a high level of CuZn and ZnCu defects on the 2c and 2d Wyckoff positions. We observe a significantly lower concentration of ZnSn defects and Cu or Zn vacancies.


Let A ∈ Rp×p be a diagonalizable matrix and f a smooth function. We are interested in the problem of approximating the action of f(A) on a vector b ∈ Rp, i.e., f(A)b, without explicitly computing the matrix f(A). In the present work, we derive families of one-term, two-term, and three-term inexpensive approximations to the quantity f(A)b via an extrapolation procedure. For a given diagonalizable matrix A, the proposed families of vector estimates allow us to approximate the form WT f(A)U , for any matrices W,U ∈ Rp×m, 1 ≤ m p, not necessarily biorthogonal. We present several numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of our method for several functions f for both the quantity f(A)b and the form WT f(A)U .


The Frequent use of emails as a communication mechanism  is observed in recent years. Now the emails are utilized in the marketing and advertisement of various products. The information design for the email advertisement is perhaps the less explored area. In this paper we have highlighted the role of email advertisements in marketing of the products. A process model for email advertisement is also proposed. The design guidelines for email advertisement are opted from various sources and proposed. The email advertisement design guidelines are categorized as the functional, administrative, aesthetic and cognitive guidelines. The email advertisement design guidelines can be utilized in the designing of emails based advertisements.


The availability of molecular markers during the last few decades has played a developmental role in the agricultural sector. Plant breeding through marker assisted selection (MAS) has massive potential to improve the efficiency of conventional methods. Molecular markers are also useful to identify the economically important traits in the breeding population for the further manipulation in short time. Different marker techniques are available that facilitate us from complex genomic research to genic and finally at proteomic level for useful breeding purpose in agricultural field. Here, we have tried to explore the advantages of different available forms of molecular markers and their applications at the global as well as at domestic level.


Chinese ethnic groups have reunified China and expanded her vast territory.And they also created jointly chinese culture and history with the national development.Taking the Northern Nomad as an example,the writer has analysed the economic exchanges between ethnic minorities and Central Dynasties in this paper.Interdependently economic exchanges is not only the foundation to link the frontier and the Central Dynasties but also the power to urge them to Central Plains.


David J. Szymanski, MEd, CSCSGregory A. Fredrick, CSCSDepartment of Health and Human PerformanceAuburn UniversityKeywords: baseball; softball; periodization; torso; abdominals; low back.WHEN DESIGNING A SPORT-specific training program for base-ball/softball (BA/SB), it is impor-tant to implement a systematictotal body conditioning programthat will prepare the athlete for thedemands of the sport. A year-round periodized program shouldinclude a variety of upper- andlower-body exercises, and the in-tensity and volumes of exerciseshould change as the season ap-proaches. The exercises completedby the athletes should becomemore specific to the movementsinvolved in the sport. However,many BA/SB athletes perform tra-ditional trunk exercises that con-sist of continuous sets (rangingfrom 3 to 8 minutes) throughoutthe entire year. This type of repeti-tive torso training for the BA/SBathlete is not specific to the move-ments of the 2 sports, nor will itimprove the strength and power ofthe athletes. Torso movementsthat mimic the explosive, ballistic,and dynamic movements of swing-ing a bat or throwing a ball shouldbe performed instead.The purpose of this article is todescribe and illustrate how thestrength and conditioning special-ist or baseball/softball coach candevelop the powerful, twisting,and functional strength needed toimprove a college BA/SB player'sability to field, throw, and hit. Ad-ditionally, this information shouldpositively affect injury risk andfurther educate those who aretraining for the explosive needs ofthe BA/SB athlete.


The process of thermoforming of foam sheet is analyzed using both finite element modeling and experiments. A simple constitutive model for finite tensile deformations of closed cellular material around its glass transition temperature is proposed, starting from well-known results from Gibson and Ashby (1988). The model is implemented in a finite element code and applied in isothermal vacuum forming simulations. The distributions of thickness and in plane strains are in adequate accordance to the experimental results.


While the population census of Shanghai was being taken in 1982 a housing survey was incorporated with it. A team of specially trained investigators was organized by the Bureau of Municipal Real Estate Administration and an overall survey of housing conditions was conducted covering more than 1.6 million households with 5.86 million people in the 12 urban districts of Shanghai. Under the unfied leadership of the population census leading group a leading group for the housing survey was formed. All survey personnel were selected from the staff of the real estate administrative organizations. A pilot project was launched to formulate a housing survey scheme. The survey 1) included households within the population census framework public housing in the urban districts under the direct management of the real estate administrative organizations self-managed houses and private houses; and 2) used the same reference hour as the population. The housing survey collected information in 3 categories: 1)population characteristics; 2) the type and characteristics of the house including structure original use property rights and management; and 3) living conditions including the number of stories house or room number location the number of rooms floor space housing facilities whether 3 generations or 2 couples live in a single room and whether married couples are still waiting for housing. Process charts were worked out for coordinating the population and housing censuses. Those who did publicity and mobilization work made it clear that the population census included a housing survey. The rectification of the household registration and preparation for the housing survey were undertaken simultaneously. Investigation registration and coding were carried out alternately. The manual tabulation of the population census and the housing survey were performed simultaneously by skilled personnel. The use of computers in data processing resolved the problem of coordination between the population census and the housing survey. Conducting both of these at once was feasible.


Polymeric nanogels containing N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL) and polyethyleneglycol methylether methacrylate (PEGMA) have been prepared by surfactant free emulsion polymerization. The influence of NVCL to PEGMA concentration ratio on the particle size and particle size distribution was studied. PNVCL:PEGMA nanogel particles exhibit thermal responsive properties in water and their transition temperature increases with higher content on PEGMA. It was found that the particle diameter decreased when higher amounts of PEGMA were used in the monomer mixture. The influence of the concentration and type of cross-linker: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetra-oxaspiro [5.5] undecane (DVA), on polymerization and colloidal characteristics of such temperature sensitive particles was studied. Nanogels, characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), dynamic and static light scattering (DLS and SLS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), showed higher incorporation of PEGMA than in the recipe, higher contraction by heating for bigger nanogels and spherical morphology.


The climate change created by the emissions of the greenhouse gas already became the serious challenge to all human being's survival and development.The process of urbanization in our country advancing fast,at the same time,the carbon dioxide emissions from urban area increasing dramatically,the construction of low-carbon city is pressing.This paper starts with the necessity and the pressing of low-carbon city's construction,analyses the theory and practice from domestic and abroad,unifies with the main problems about carbon urban construction in our country,put forwards some countermeasures to the construction of low-carbon city.


The role of a simultaneous additions of tungsten and tantalum on the anodic passivity of the passive films of the sputter-deposited nanocrystalline W-xTa alloys was studied using immersion tests, electrochemical measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis. The formation of spontaneous passive film on the alloys, which is composed of double oxyhydroxide of tungsten and tantalum ions are responsible for their higher corrosion resistance than those of the alloy-constituting elements in 12 M HCl solution open to air at 30°C. The quantitative surface analysis by XPS is clarified that the improved anodic passivity of the alloys than those of alloy-constituting elements is based on the formation of new anodic passive oxyhydroxide films composed of W 6+ and Ta 5+ ions. These films have higher protectiveness and stability than those of passive oxyhydroxide films of alloy-constituting elements, that is, oxyhydroxides of hexavalent tungsten and pentavalent tantalum after potentiostatic polarization for 1 h in 12 M HCl. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6492 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 139-148


This article studied landscape resources within the planned areas of ChinaSingapore Guangzhou Knowledge City.It raised the concept of Eco-gene in the progress of urban planning and construction,and described the content and classification of natural ecological genes,the content and classification of cultural ecological gene.Meanwhile,the article also discussed the characteristics of localism,inheritance and variability,and proposed the evaluating method for selecting effective protection standards.It raised strategies for regional protection,integral protection and monomer protection.Then,the strategies integrated natural and cultural resources to build a new eco-town performing international characteristics with Lingnan style.


In this powerful, eloquent, and timely book, Jacques Barzun offers guidance for resolving the crisis in America's schools and colleges. Drawing on a lifetime of distinguished teaching, he issues a clear call to action for improving what goes on in America's classrooms. The result is an extraordinarily fresh, sensible, and practical program for better schools. "It is difficult to imagine a more pungent, perceptive or eloquent commentary on contemporary American education than this collection of 15 pieces by Jacques Barzun."--Jonathan Yardley, Washington Post Book World "Mr. Barzun's style is elegant, distinctive, philosophically consistent and much better-humored than that of many contemporary invective-hurlers."--David Alexander, New York Times Book Review


The reaction of benzylidenebutylamine with iso-PrMgI gave alpha -phenyl-alpha -butylamino-beta -methylpropane and small amts. of benzylbutylamine. In the presence of MnCl2, meso- and dl-N,N'-dibutyl-alpha ,alpha -diphenylethylenediamine were formed as further by-products. The yield of dimeric by-product was strongly dependent on the type of halogen in the Grignard compd. Thus, in the presence of 2.5 mole-% MnCl2, the total yield of dimeric product increased according to the sequence I < Br < Cl. The ratio of dl- to meso-form increased in the same sequence from 1.1 to 1.4 to 8.3.


sition. That decision is part of the broader quest for a more nuanced understanding of Roosevelt, one that praises his accomplishments without ignoring his deeply contradictory perspectives on inclusion and exclusion, equity and difference. In this context, the two books under review illustrate constructive angles for the ongoing exploration of Roosevelt's record and legacy on conservation, capitalism, and the challenges of industrial modernity.


Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C), a heart muscle thick filament protein, can regulate cross-bridge attach/detachment process by its phosphorylation status. Moreover, ablation of cMyBP-C l...


In this paper, we prove a generalization of the converse of Cauchy's theorem which is valid for arbitrary hyperbolic Riemann surfaces. The tools used are the Kuramochi compactification and the concept of generalized normal component. Let R be a compact bordered Riemann surface with border p\ Royden [3 ] shows that if / is a continuous complex valued function on 8 and if fsf<P = 0 lor each differential <p which is analytic on R, then / can be extended to an analytic function P on P. 1. Let P now be an arbitrary hyperbolic Riemann surface with Kuramochi boundary A. Let u be a complex valued harmonic function on P with finite Dirichlet integral. We shall say that u possesses in a generalized sense a normal derivative on A when a complex measure u exists on A, which possesses the following property: If/ is a complex Dirichlet function on P, then for each quasicontinuous extension/ to P*


A new species of Gesneriaceae , Ornithoboea emarginata D.J.Middleton & N.S.Ly, is described from Vietnam. A proposed IUCN conservation assessment is provided.


A B S T R A C T A light and electron microscope investigation was conducted on phloem in the aerial stem of Epifagus virginiana (L.) Bart. Tissue was processed at field collection sites in an effort to overcome problems resulting from manipulation. At variance with earlier accounts, Epifagus phloem consists of sieve elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma cells, and primary phloem fibers. The sieve elements possess simple sieve plates and the phloem is arranged in a collateral type of vascular bundle. In addition, this constitutes the first study on phloem ultrastructure in the aerial stems of a holoparasitic dicotyledon, an entire plant which could be viewed as an "ideal sink." Epifagus phloem possesses unoccluded sieve plate pores in mature sieve elements and a total lack of P-protein in sieve elements at all stages of development. Mature sieve elements lack nuclei. Plastids were rarely observed in mature sieve elements. Vacuoles with intact tonoplasts were encountered in some mature sieve elements. Otherwise, the ultrastructural features of sieve elements appear to differ little from those described by investigators of non-parasitic species.


#### Summary points

Urinary stone disease is increasingly prevalent, with a lifetime risk of about 12% in men and 6% in women.1 Age of onset of a first stone episode for men rises from their 20s and peaks at age 40-60 years, with an incidence of three cases per 1000 population per year. Women appear to peak a little younger in their late 20s. The male to female ratio is narrowing, with one study showing a reduction from 1.7:1 to 1.3:1 over a five year period.2 Presentation varies according to geographical and seasonal factors, with higher incidences in warmer climates and during the summer months.3

This review includes the latest information from meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomised trials, current guidelines, and other peer reviewed evidence to provide a background on presentation, investigation, and medical and surgical management of patients with renal colic.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We performed a PubMed search to identify peer reviewed original articles, meta-analyses, and reviews using the search terms "renal colic" and "ureteric stone". We also reviewed national and international guidelines, and the Cochrane Collaboration and clinical evidence databases. We considered only papers written in English, with the emphasis on more recent articles if available or if we deemed the scientific validity to be …


Hepatitis is an infection that causes inflammation of liver tissue. Many studies have developed machine learning models for hepatitis disease diagnosis. However, there has been little discussion about the relationship between hepatitis symptoms. The first objective of this study is to provide a brief description of a real-world hepatitis disease symptom dataset. Furthermore, the authors proposed a stand-alone classification platform using random forest, decision tree, and support vector machine into healthy people or hepatitis patients using adaptive wrapper feature selection. It was discovered that there is a strong link between certain characteristics and hepatitis diagnosis. The work presented here may help improve hepatitis diagnosis in the early stages, which may lead to a reduction in the acute effects of hepatitis on human life. It is worth noting that random forest (RF) gave the highest accuracy and stayed slightly consistent through all sets of features in comparison to decision tree (DT) and support vector machines (SVM).


ABSTRACT This article studies the ideological roots of the particular form of party democracy that was established in Germany and Italy after 1945. Given the deeply rooted tradition of anti-party politics and the previous failure to construct stable party democracies, it is remarkable that political parties evolved into the central actors of post-1945 democratic regimes in Germany and Italy. This article investigates how postwar reforms in this regard build on ideological assumptions put forward in the Interwar era. It centres on two thinkers who not only epitomized the historical continuity before and after the War, but also made a major impact on the reform of political institutions after 1945. Costantino Mortati and Gerhard Leibholz not only inspired political reformers with their writings, but also fostered party–state democracy during their tenures as constitutional court judges. As such, their views on political parties are of crucial importance in understanding why the postwar regimes took the shape of a 'party–state democracy'.


We use the local-density approximation (LDA) and $\mathrm{LDA}+U$ schemes to study the magnetism of (GaMn)As and (GaMn)N for a number of Mn concentrations and varying number of holes. We show that for both systems and both calculational schemes the presence of holes is crucial for establishing ferromagnetism. For both systems, the introduction of U increases delocalization of the holes and, simultaneously, decreases the $p\ensuremath{-}d$ interaction. Since these two trends exert opposite influences on the Mn-Mn exchange interaction the character of the variation of the Curie temperature ${T}_{C}$ cannot be predicted without direct calculation. We show that the variation of ${T}_{C}$ is different for two systems. For low Mn concentrations we obtain the tendency to increasing ${T}_{C}$ in the case of (GaMn)N whereas an opposite tendency to decreasing ${T}_{C}$ is obtained for (GaMn)As. We reveal the origin of this difference by inspecting the properties of the densities of states and holes for both systems. The main body of calculations is performed within a supercell approach. The Curie temperatures calculated within the coherent-potential approximation to atomic disorder are reported for comparison. Both approaches give similar qualitative behavior. The results of calculations are related to the experimental data.


Publish/subscribe systems utilize filter algorithms to determine all subscriptions matching incoming event messages. To distribute such services, subscriptions are forwarded to several filter components. This approach allows for an application of routing algorithms that selectively forward event messages to only a subset of filter components. Beneficial e(r)ects of this scheme include decreasing network and computational load in single filter components.So far, we can find routing optimizations that exploit coverings among subscriptions or utilize subscription merging strategies. Generally, such optimizations aim at reducing the amount of subscriptions forwarded to filter components, which decreases their computational load. This might in turn result in an increasing number of event messages routed through the network.However, current optimization strategies only work on restrictive conjunctive subscriptions and cannot be extended to efficiently support arbitrary subscriptions. Furthermore, it is not possible to apply covering and perfect merging strategies in all application scenarios due to the strong dependency of these approaches on actually registered subscriptions.In this paper, we present a novel optimization approach, subscription generalization, to decrease the filtering overhead in publish/subscribe systems. Our approach is based on selectivities of subscriptions and can be utilized for all kinds of subscriptions including arbitrary Boolean and conjunctive subscriptions. We propose a simple subscription generalization algorithm and show an evaluation of the results of a first series of experiments proving the usefulness of our approach.


The first part of this research shows that in the works of shafts and tunnels construction, incidents and accidents are mostly caused by factors involving directly the workers behavior, even when the work safety conditions have been provided completely. The research is based on the data collected during two years in the construction of a deep drainage system in the Mexico City, which was carried out by four major Mexican construction companies. This research was developed from by external project monitoring, which allows using representative data without the problem of affect or benefit participating companies. Considering that the construction of the project will require three more years, the second part of the research aims to develop and implement a plan of labor risks prevention (LRP) based on the behavioral intervention of workers, in order to minimize the presence of accidents at work.


A nonlinear two-stroke engine model was constructed using a mathematical tool of stepwise regression.Taylor expansion method was used around an equilibrium point during the linearizing process,and the linearized model was reached.A method for designing robust proportional-integral(PI) controller was presented.The problem of parameter designing of the robust PI controller was solved with linear matrix inequalities(LMIs) approach.The controller switching was designed based on the idea of parallel distributed compensation(PDC) to Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model.Simulation and experiments on the engine-dynamometer show that the proposed controller can keep the engine speed in 2.3% under 11% disturbance and can achieve the anticipated robust performance.


Abstract Strong field confinement, long-lifetime resonances, and slow-light effects suggest that metasurfaces are a promising tool for nonlinear optical applications. These nanostructured devices have been utilized for relatively high efficiency solid-state high-harmonic generation platforms, four-wave mixing, and Raman scattering experiments, among others. Here, we report the first all-dielectric metasurface to enhance harmonic generation from a surrounding gas, achieving as much as a factor of 45 increase in the overall yield for Argon atoms. When compared to metal nanostructures, dielectrics are more robust against damage for high power applications such as those using atomic gases. We employ dimerized high-contrast gratings fabricated in silicon-on-insulator that support bound states in the continuum, a resonance feature accessible in broken-symmetry planar devices. Our 1D gratings maintain large mode volumes, overcoming one of the more severe limitations of earlier device designs and greatly contributing to enhanced third- and fifth-harmonic generation. The interaction lengths that can be achieved are also significantly greater than the 10's of nm to which earlier solid-state designs were restricted. We perform finite-difference time-domain simulations to fully characterize the wavelength, linewidth, mode profile, and polarization dependence of the resonances. Our experiments confirm these predictions and are consistent with other nonlinear optical properties. The tunable wavelength dependence and quality factor control we demonstrate in these devices make them an attractive tool for the next generation of high-harmonic sources, which are anticipated to be pumped at longer wavelengths and with lower peak power, higher repetition rate lasers.


Recent research in mining user access patterns for predicting Web page requests focuses only on consecutive sequential Web page accesses, i.e., pages which are accessed by following the hyperlinks. In this paper, we propose a new method for mining user access patterns that allows the prediction of multiple non-consecutive Web pages, i.e., any pages within the Web site. Our approach consists of two major steps. First, the shortest path algorithm in graph theory is applied to find the distances between Web pages. In order to capture user access behavior on the Web, the distances are derived from user access sequences, as opposed to static structural hyperlinks. We refer to these distances as minimum reaching distance (MRD) information. The association rule mining (ARM) technique is then applied to form a set of predictive rules which are further refined and pruned by using the MRD information. The proposed approach is applied as a collaborative filtering technique to recommend Web pages within a Web site. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach improves performance over the existing Markov model approach in terms of precision and recall, and also has a better potential of reducing the user access time on the Web


A test device adapted to monitor the quality of the sterilant gas in an apparatus to foreline for sterilization by gas, and comprising a measuring sheet on which is printed a pattern (13) sensitive indicator ink to said sterilizing gas, at least a porous material block arranged on one side in contact with said sheet (4) measurement, and an external restraint system (6) holding the stacked assembly (12) of porous material (2, 3) and measurement sheet (4); said measuring sheet (4) comprises a gripping member (11) adapted to form a sheet of said extraction rod (4), at least the said block (2, 3) of porous material being immobilized with respect to at least a portion of the compression system.


This paper presents parametric investigation results on a staring FMCW radar system which targets drone swarms. The parametric investigation has been carried out by using the RAPID-SIM which facilitates system-level analysis of drone swarms' radar signatures. This paper explains concepts of the simulator's each module and also covers two parametric investigation results which deal with quantitative performance criteria for the design of the anti-drone swarms radar system.


It is shown that the set of nilpotent operators T for which T/sup k/ has closed range for all k is norm dense in the set of all nilpotent operators. A consequence of this is that every bi-quasitriangular operator is a norm limit of operators which are similar to a direct sum of weighted shifts plus scalars.


-The early P wave coda (5-15 sec after the first arrival) of underground explosions at the Nevada Test Site is studied in the time domain using 2082 teleseismic short-period recordings, with the intent of identifying near-source contributions to the signals in the frequency range 0.2-2.0 Hz. Smaller magnitude events tend to have relatively high coda levels in the 0.4-0.8 Hz frequency band for both Yucca Flat and Pahute Mesa explosions. Coda complexity in this low-frequency passband is negatively correlated with burial depth for Pahute Mesa events but is only weakly correlated with depth for Yucca Flat events. Enhanced excitation of relatively long-period scattered waves for smaller, less deeply buried events is required to explain this behavior. Coda complexity in the 0.8-1.1 Hz band is positively correlated with magnitude and depth for Pahute Mesa events, but has no such dependence for Yucca Flat events. This may result from systematic variations between the spectra of direct signals and coda arrivals caused by pP interference for the largest events, all of which were detonated at Pahute Mesa. Another possible explanation is a frequency-dependent propagation effect on the direct signals of the larger events, most of which were located in the center of the mesa overlying strong lateral velocity gradients in the crust and upper mantle. Event average complexity varies spatially for both test sites, particularly in the 0.8 1.1 Hz band, providing evidence for frequency-dependent focussing or scattering by near-source structure. Both the direct arrivals and the early coda have strong azimuthal amplitude patterns that are produced by defocussing by mantle heterogeneity. The direct arrivals have stronger coherent azimuthal patterns than the early coda for Pahute Mesa events, indicating more pronounced deep crustal and shallow mantle defocussing for the direct signals. However, for Yucca Flat events the direct arrivals have less coherent azimuthal patterns than the coda, suggesting that a highly variable component of near-source scattering preferentially affecting the downgoing energy is superimposed on a pattern produced by mantle heterogeneity that affects the entire signal. This complicated behavior of the direct arrivals may be the result of triplications and caustics produced by the complex basement structure known to underlie the Yucca Flat test site. The presence of strong azimuthal patterns in the early coda indicates that source strength estimates based on early coda are subject to biases similar to those affecting estimates based on direct arrivals.


A controlled pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of a decalcified, freeze-dried cancellous bone allograft material in the treatment of infrabony periodontal defects in humans. Significant gains in attachment were achieved with the allografting procedure but not with the control procedure which consisted of flap and curettage only.


ABSTRACT  Salah Guemriche's Dictionnaire des mots français d'origine arabe (2007) gathers French words that originally come from Arabic, putting them in the context of French literature, illustrating how Arabic has had a presence in French literature through various histories. Reading Assia Djebar's preface to this dictionary reveals a navette, or shuttle, between not only the linguistic sites of French and Arabic, but also a particularly trans-Mediterranean geographic space. The navette as a reading strategy allows for a reading of the dictionary that can travel on, and between, texts and locations. Djebar's preface is compelling not only for its content, but also for its position as a narrative coming before that of the bilingual dictionary. Her membership in the Académie française renders her an expert in French who is at once inside and outside multiple languages and nation-states. She offers up the bilingual tome as a hopeful site where "mots-passerelles" ("bridge-words") are in constant movement or shuttling, and maintain the tension on the in-between spaces in, and of, the Mediterranean.


The paper presents some of the study results of the family cemetery of hereditary rulers of Kaitag, located in Qala-Quraysh. During several expeditions in 2017–2018, more than 40 stelas, dating XIV c. – 1803/04, were studied. Names of the deceased, dates of their death, and other historical information, as well as poems, religious sayings, prayers and Quran Ayat in Arabic are inscribed on them. The stelas are made with high craftsmanship, distinguished by the refinement of the ornament and the elegance of epigraphic ribbons. Each stela of the necropolis can be described as a work of art. Among other interesting finds there are ten epigraphic disks on the stelas of the XVI–XVIII c. They are carved on the backsides of the monuments, have common composition, ornament, and similar contents: prayers to Allah for mercy on Judgment day. The article also describes horsemen relief images on two stelas of the early XVIII c., as well as a false horseman, carved on the tombstone of the late XVI c. Compositional decision of the relief is such that the weapons and armor are located above the horse, creating an effect of the rider's presence, although the rider himself is not there. If the image weren't stained, it would be impossible to reveal that it is not a horseman. The effect of presence is achieved by different artistic techniques. Among them is the image of a moving horse.The introduction of stated elements of tombstone decoration into scientific circulation contributes to dating of monuments with identical decor, and revealing interregional connections in stone carving craft.


The invention relates to road surface construction machinery and specifically discloses an asphalt distribution truck and a conduction oil heating unit thereof. The conduction oil heating unit comprises heat conduction oil pipes, wherein a middle main body of each heat conduction oil pipe is twined in a filtrator, and the inlet and outlet of the conduction oil pipe are respectively exposed to the exterior of a shell of the filtrator. A conduction oil heating unit of the asphalt distribution truck adopts the conduction oil heating unit by means of a spiral annular or vertical folding gate-shaped conduction oil pipe coil manner, such that asphalt in the filtrator can be fully heated and an asphalt pipeline can be guaranteed circularly and smoothly.


This study examined nonpatient revenues of university hospitals in korea. The data source for this study was 22 university hospitals over the period 2010–2012. In this study, patient revenues, patient expenses, operating profit, nonpatient revenues, total revenues, operating margin, normal profit to gross revenues, ratio of the nonpatient revenues in the total revenues were analysed by the annual and three-year average. The analysis of nonpatient revenue differences by hospital type, bed size, location, management performance was performed by T-test and oneway ANOVA. The results were as follows. First, nonpatient revenues of university hospitals were increased during the period 2010–2012. Second, nonpatient revenues according to hospital type, bed size, location in the university hospitals had significant difference. Third, hospital type was significantly associated with normal profit to gross revenues which was profitability index about nonpatient revenues. Based on these results, this study suggests implications to diversify for management performance in hospitals.


A novel widely-linear quaternion multiband-structured subband adaptive filter (WL-QMSAF) algorithm is proposed for further enhancing the convergence rate of estimation error when input signals are greatly correlated in the quaternion domain. Using the derivative rule in GHR-calculus, the WL-QMSAF algorithm is developed on the basis of the principle of minimum fluctuations. The proposed WL-QMSAF algorithm decomposes the input signal into multiple parallel channels to promote more effective signal processing. Since quaternion widely linear model is able to describe complete second-order statistics of input signal, the proposed algorithm can effectively process both Q-proper and Q-improper signals. In addition, the analysis of mean-square steady state for the WL-QMSAF algorithm is performed according to the principle of energy conservation. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted on circular data as well as noncircular data to support the steady-state analysis of mean-square error as well as validate the effectiveness of the proposed WL-QMSAF algorithm.


English secular priest, philosopher, theologian, and reformer. Possibly born in late 1320s to a modest gentry family in Richmondshire (Yorkshire), Wyclif may have been ordained a priest by 1351. He was a Fellow at Merton College by 1356 and Master of Balliol (c.1360–1361). He resigned this position to accept a Balliol living, rector of Fillingham (Lincolnshire) from 1361–1368. Sub-sequently he held the rectory at Ludgershall (Buckinghamshire) and prebendary of Aust in Westbury-on-Trym. Made Warden of Canterbury Hall (1365–1367) by Archbishop Islip, Wyclif was replaced with a monk by Benedictine Archbishop Langham. Wyclif's hostility toward monasticism, especially mendicants, frequently is tied to this event. Wyclif likely resided at Queen's College from 1363 to 1381, and was incepted as Master of Theology between 1371 and 1373. He was made rector of Lutterworth (Leicestershire) in April 1374 which he held till his death of a stroke.

Keywords:

Wyclif (Wycliffe), John (d. 1384);
english secular priest, philosopher, theologian, and reformer;
Wyclif espousing a philosophical realism


The study was conducted on Al-Khosur River basin passing through the city of Mosul from the waterfalls region to its confluence with Tigris River at the Old Bridge. Six sites were selected along the river. Water and sediment samples were collected from there. The study was carried out at the laboratories of Mosul University, through the period from September 2021 A.D. to May 2022 A.D. The concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium and zinc), in water and sediment were measured quarterly. The results indicated that the heavy metals in the water had the highest concentrations in the fourth site in three elements Pb, Cd and Zn, which amounted to (0.64, 0.62 and 0.49) mg/L, respectively. This can be attributed to the bad quality of the civilian subtractions and estuaries discharged in the river which contain high concentration of heavy metals. The results also indicated high rates of heavy metals in the sediments at the fourth site as it reached the concentration of (3.18, 0.92 and 2.85) mg/kg, for Pb, Cd and Zn, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments increased four times for lead and zinc and two times for cadmium due to the increment in water and the contact period between water and sediment due to undecomposition for heavy metals. Keywords: Heavy metals, Al-Kosur River, Mosul environment, Water, Sediment.


Objectieve To discuss the clinical effect of budesonide in treating laryngotracheobronchitis in children,and evaluate its clinical value.Methods 181 cases of children with laryngotracheobronchitis were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The two groups were received the same treatment including methylprednisolone infusion,anti-infection,relieving cough and phlegm and other.Treatment group was treated with budesonide atomization inhalation.The symptoms disappeared time,systemic corticosteroid dose,total effectivee rate and the average hospitalization days were statistically calculated with two groups.Results The treatment group total effective rate was 94.32%,the control group was 87.10%,hospitalization days was 1.398 days shorter than that of the control group,the difference was significant (P0.05).Besides,systemic application of glucocorticoid reduced 1 doses per capita [2 mg/(kg·time)].Conclusion Budesonide atomization inhalation in the treatment of laryngotracheobronchitis in children can shorten the course of disease and deserves to be performed in more patients.


Aiming at the characteristics of the tunnelling transshipment laneway in the underground mine, the telescopic belt conveyor with electric roller is developed. The components, the matters needing attention, the using effect and benefit of the conveyor are introduced. This conveyor can adapt to variable laneways. It realizes once installation and possesses value of popularization.


We consider the bilateral trade problem, in which two agents trade a single indivisible item. It is known that the only dominant-strategy truthful mechanism is the fixed-price mechanism: given commonly known distributions of the buyer's value B and the seller's value S, a price p is offered to both agents and trade occurs if S ≤ p ≤ B. The objective is to maximize either expected welfare E[S + (B − S)1S≤p≤B ] or expected gains from trade E[(B − S)1S≤p≤B]. We improve the approximation ratios for several welfare maximization variants of this problem. When the agents' distributions are identical, we show that the optimal approximation ratio for welfare is 2+ √ 2 4 . With just one prior sample from the common distribution, we show that a 3/4-approximation to welfare is achievable. When agents' distributions are not required to be identical, we show that a previously best-known (1 − 1/e)-approximation can be strictly improved, but 1 − 1/e is optimal if only the seller's distribution is known.


mdash; Complimentary DNA (cDNA) libraries were made from RNA isolated from uninoculated (control) tomato roots and tomato roots colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. Four clones of genes upregulated, and one clone of a gene downregulated by G mosseae colonization of roots were isolated by differential screening. Partial sequencing of the cDNA clones revealed that the upregulated clones showed significant similarities to the following genes: a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene from nodules of alfalfa, a human cullin gene, a nematodeinduced gene in giant cells of tomato roots and a mannitol dehydrogenase gene from celery and parsley. The clone of the repressed gene did not show any significant similarity to known sequences in the databases.


To the Editor. —The end-to-end anastomosis circular stapling device (EEA) creates an inverted end-to-end anastomosis. 1 A common difficulty with its use has been spasticity of the proximal bowel, preventing introduction of the distal end (anvil) of the stapling device. Foley catheter ballooning helps its introduction. After performing a purse-string suture, a Foley catheter is inserted into the lumen of the bowel and the balloon is inflated with 10 to 15 mL of air (Figure, left). The inflation-deflation procedure is repeated several times to obtain good dilation of the bowel. The Foley catheter is withdrawn, three Allis clamps are attached to the edges of the bowel (Figure, right), and the anvil of the stapler is easily introduced. Use of Foley catheter to assist in stapling of spastic bowel. Left, Foley catheter inserted into distal end of bowel and inflated to dilate bowel. Right, Foley catheter is withdrawn, Allis clamps attached,


Epigenetic alteration changes expression of many genes, such as tumor suppressor gene and molecular specific gene, without change in DNA sequence. Cancers, including thyroid cancer, often exhibit an aberrant methylation of gene promoter regions, which is associated with loss of gene function. Aberrant methylation plays a fundamental role in tumorigenesis. Methylation of some genes tends to occur in certain types of thyroid cancer. Methylation of TIMP3, SLC5A8, p16, RARβ2, DAPK genes is associated with papillary thyroid cancer. Some studies show that aberrant methylation is related to the BRAF V600E mutation. Methylation of PTEN and RASSF1A genes occurs commonly in follicular thyroid cancer. Methylation of thyroid-specific genes, such as sodium/iodide symporter, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, and SLC26A4 which encodes pendrine, also has a relation to thyroid cancer. Methylation of these genes could be utilized as markers to detect early disease, to define prognosis and to predict therapeutic targets of thyroid cancer.


Penicillin is the principal weapon in our fight against syphilis and gonorrhoea. Rumours of increases in the incidence and severity of reactions to penicillin are viewed with concern, for apprehension on the part of physicians charged with the responsibility of treating venereal disease patients could adversely affect the control programme. It was this concern which instigated a study of penicillin reactions which was conducted by the Public Health Service in 1954 with the cooperation of 24 treatment facilities representing fourteen states (Smith, Cutler, and Price, 1955). During the intervening 5-year period some deaths attributable to penicillin have been reported. In fact, a review of the death certificates in one State (Thorner and Bond, 1958) revealed that penicillin was a contributory cause of death in nine persons in that State alone in 1958. In the past several years deaths have also occurred in venereal disease treatment clinics. Are we merely more conscious of the risk involved in penicillin therapy or is the population becoming sensitized to penicillin? The vast amounts of penicillin marketed each year in the United States would indicate that few have escaped penicillin either as treatment for some ailment or through dairy products or other food. With the 1954 study providing an excellent baseline for evaluating the present situation, a second reaction study, currently in progress, was initiated in March, 1959. The two studies are identical in design; the same study card (revised to include the total amount of penicillin and number of injections of the planned schedule) is being used; and, as before, no special follow-up was requested but patients were


Inclusions are the primary sites for subsurface fatigue crack initiation in bearing contacts. To understand the mechanisms of subsurface crack nucleation under contact loading, a detailed description of the stress field around these inclusions is necessary. This paper presents a new approach to computing stresses in an inhomogeneous medium where inclusions are treated as inhomogeneities in a homogeneous material matrix. The approach is based on the Discrete Element (DE) Method in which the material continuum is replaced by a set of rigid discrete interacting elements. The elements are connected to each other along their sides through springs and dampers to form the macro-continuum and undergo relative displacements in accordance with Newton's laws of motion under the action of external loading. The spring properties are derived in terms of the overall elastic properties of the continuum. The relative motion between elements gives rise to contact forces due to stretching or compression of the inter-element springs. These forces are evaluated at each time-step and the corresponding equations of motion are solved for each element. Stresses are calculated from the inter-element joint forces. A Hertzian line contact case, with and without the presence of subsurface inclusions, is analyzed using the DE model. The DE model was used to determine stresses for an inclusion-free medium that compares well with that obtained from the continuum elasticity models. Parametric studies are then carried out to investigate the effects of size, location, orientation, and elastic properties of inclusions on the subsurface stress field. Both inclusions that are stiffer and/or softer than the base material are seen to give rise to stress concentrations. For inclusions that are stiffer than the base material (semi-infinite domain), the stress concentration effect increases with their elastic modulus. The stress concentration effect of a softer inclusion is higher than that of a stiffer inclusion. Inclusions that are oriented perpendicular to the surface give rise to much higher von Mises stresses than the ones that are oriented parallel to the surface. There is little change in the maximum von Mises stress for inclusions that are located deep within the surface.


Kang Youweis view of studies of models of handwriting is an important part of his calligraphic thoughts.He was pious to"the two Wangs"—forerunners in the related studies—with the calligraphy of the Tang Dynasty and those who modeled Pavilion Models of Handwriting in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and after as the target of attack.These views and those of studies of stone inscription are based on his political and philosophical thoughts,which were in turn affected by his family,society and the times.


In Yoron Island, cultivation of Sugarcane makes up 52 % of the agriculture on the island, and it comes with extensive use of chemical fertilizers with ammonium sulfate. Moreover, as the main island is geographically formed from karst by the raised coral reef, precipitation smoothly flows to the sea through the underground. In this process, sulfate is brought to the sea as well. It is believed that potential hazards are then caused to the coral reef ecosystem. Considering this background, we aimed to evaluate the influence of sulfate on coral reef by analyzing the stable isotopes ratio of nitrogen ( δ 15 N) and sulfur ( δ 34 S). Since the δ 34 S of sulfate is 0 ‰ , the same value would also be shown in coral skeleton if there were significant effect of inflows. Our result reveals that δ 15 N value in coral skeleton is similar to that of the chemical fertilizer. A contrary, δ 34 S value obtained did not show similarity with that of the sulfate. However, from the analysis of the δ 34 S in growth ring, we witness a decrease of 2 ‰ to 5 ‰ from 1979 to 2013 and from 1990 to 2013. The conclusive result is that the δ 34 S value in coral skeleton is not significantly affected by that of the value of sulfate fertilizer. Nonetheless, the consistent decrease of δ 34 S from 1979 to 2013 may possibly be related to the increase of inflow of land-substance with low δ 34 S value to the sea.


The effects of different residual plastic film quantities on soil density,soil moisture movement and maize yield were studied based on the field simulation experiments.The results showed that soil density decreased by 2.02%~11.7%,soil water infiltration rate was reduced,the soil water storage decreased by 7.6~16.8mm,and the maize yield were reduced by 4.8%~11.3% using the residual plastic film.


Mathematical models are mathematical representations of real-life problems which are used to simplify the problems and also for future prediction. Mathematical modelling has been used in educational research around the world mainly to predict students' academic performance and to identify essential factors that affect students' learning. However, in Indonesia there are very few published researches that employ mathematical modelling for educational studies. The present study is an integrative review conducted to document these studies. The objective is to provide an overview of the usage of mathematical modelling in educational research in Indonesia. The method of the review follows Torraco's guidelines of integrative review which consist of critical analysis and synthesis. Five open-access published articles were discovered. These articles were written either in English or in Bahasa Indonesia. 3 out of 5 articles focused on explaining several predictor variables that influence student performance. The other 2 articles focused on comparing different methods of modelling to predict student performance. These findings show that mathematical modelling has not been extensively utilized in educational research in Indonesia.


SUMMARY We report here our new training method that has recently been introduced in programs for our employees. This method is aimed at enhancing ability to act flexibly and appropriately in a disaster. This method was created based on interviews with operators who have had experience in guiding passengers to safety from the tsunami caused by the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake in 2011. Subsequently, we carried out the training program using the method that had been produced initially to evaluate the effectiveness of this method in improving participants' resourcefulness. We the re-evaluated its effectiveness based on the remarks of participants in this program and further developed this method.


(i) Hepatocytes isolated from adult rats were cultured for 2 to 3 weeks on collagen in a modified, serum‐free Waymouth medium containing fatty acids and varying concentrations of glucocorticoid, insulin and glucagon. (ii) In the presence of all three hormones, it was possible to maintain the content of DNA, the activity of glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase at initial levels for 2 to 3 weeks. The activity of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase was affected by the concentration of insulin. (iii) The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase was stable for 3 days and declined to about 25% of the initial level after 2 weeks of culture, irrespective of the presence of hormones. (iv) Maintenance of albumin secretion was dependent on the presence of glucocorticoid, and glucocorticoid and insulin showed an additive or, at some time points, a synergistic effect on its secretion. (v) The content of cytochrome P‐450 could be kept at 65% of the initial level, provided that a relatively high concentration of dexamethasone was present (10−6 M). (vi) In the absence of hormones, urea synthesis was 70% of initial levels throughout the experimental period. With insulin and glucocorticoid present, a high concentration of glucagon (10−8 M) was required to maintain the synthesis of urea at this level. (vii) It is concluded that hepatocyte cultures as described in the present study may be a useful, well‐defined system for long‐term metabolic, pharmacologic and toxicologic studies.


Although often neglected in language textbooks and classrooms, sociopragmatic and multiliteracy skills are crucial elements in language learning that language educators should not disregard. This article investigates whether a social networking community (SNC) website such as Facebook can be exploited in the context of an intermediate foreign language class to promote competent, literate L2 learners. Intermediate language learners had to search groups in Facebook that were linked to the course themes and conduct a linguistic analysis focusing on greetings, leave-takings, and vocabulary selection in order to identify the language typically used in this electronic environment. Findings suggest that over the course of a semester, learners honed in on and identified socio-pragmatic elements in this medium and that observation-based awareness-raising tasks are indeed beneficial for the development of socio-pragmatic competence.