China has eliminated absolute poverty and begun to tackle relative poverty, yet the change in relative poverty in China has been less studied. In this paper, we develop a three-component decomposition of the change in relative poverty and apply it to analyze the relative poverty in China. The change in relative poverty is decomposed into identification, growth, and redistribution components. We compare the three-component decomposition with other decomposition methods in the existing literature and show the advantages of the former. Our study, using the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2010–2018 data, shows that relative poverty is rising. Examining the periods of 2012–2014, 2014–2016, and 2016–2018, we show that the three components differ in their contribution to relative poverty. The identification component rises with income growth and increases relative poverty by 8.42%, 12.19%, and 12.55%, respectively. The growth component reduces the incidence of relative poverty by 8.34%, 11.24%, and 12.18%, respectively. In comparison, the redistribution component increases the incidence of relative poverty by 2.88%, 1.12%, and 6.60%, respectively.


Q3UPERIOR mesenteric thrombosis was practically unknown until that brilliant German pathologist, Virchow, discovered and described a postmortem case of a superior mesenteric artery enlarged, and so completely closed with a thrombus that it appeared as a fibrous cord. The patient, a woman, had succumbed to some other disease, and he wrote in detail of the case in 1847. The clinical side is not reported, for the condition had existed for some time, and nature had established a collateral circulation. This type of case usually passes unrecognized and is often entirely overlooked, being diagnosed as one of colic, or some partial intestinal obstruction. The patient may recover and succumb to some other disease. A postmortem may never be made, and should one be made the examiner may not be thorough enough to examine all the tissues, as did the brilliant Virchow, and so the condition never be discovered. This condition is not common, for since the first careful description in 1847 about five hundred cases have been described, with only thirtyfive of these surviving the attack whether operated or not. This gives the appalling mortality of 93 per cent. The artery is involved about five times as often as the vein, and the superior mesenteric is involved about forty times more often than the inferior. It is true the amount of intestine supplied by the superior is much greater, as it extends from the duodenum to the anastomosis with the inferior at the middle colic. Also Litten maintains that the superior is a type of end-artery and has more of a tendency to favor an infarct, while the inferior tends to establish a collateral circulation. One would suppose in an artery which forms arcades that collateral circulation would easily and most frequently obtain. Even though Virchow,' Karcher,2 Chiene,3 and others have discovered cases in the postmortem room that had died of other more marked pathology, yet collateral formation is the exception in this artery. Karcher's case was in a woman, forty-one years of age, who had cardiac decompensation symptoms with abdominal pain. She developed femoral thrombosis, and in six weeks was operated upon for gangrene of the leg. She died a week later and on postmortem showed, in addition to disease of the mitral, tricuspid and aortic valves, lateral thrombi in both auricles, infarcts in lungs, spleen and kidney, an obliterating thrombus in the profunda femoris and, what is more interesting, a thrombus obliterating completely the superior mesenteric artery for a distance of thirty-seven millimeters. This thrombus was firmly adherent to the walls of the artery, but in spite of the same there was only slight reddening of the mucous membrane of the ileum. Chiene's case showed an aneurysm in a woman sixty-five years of age with the celiac axis, superior and inferior, involved; and the latter vessels were completely obliterated, forming fibrous cords. The causes of this rather rare condition may be better studied if we separate the pathology of the artery from that of the vein. Under the artery we think first of embolus which is often followed by thrombus, or of thrombus alone. The embolus comes from heart valves and vegetations, from atheromatous plaques, and from the breaking .up of a thrombus in the auricles or ventricles. The thrombus arises from diseased arteries, from aneurysm with extension of the clot, and from pressure on an artery due to an aneurysm or a tumor. In venous involvement various causes which may injure the veins, or infect them, or a combination of the two, are the factors. The more frequent causes are crushing and ligating of the appendicular veins, pelvic surgery where adhesions are present, splenectomy, volvulus, intussusception, strangulated hernia or extension from the splenic or portal veins. Clinically arterial and venous thrombi differ in that the arterial thrombus disposes to be sudden in onset, while the venous tends to be gradual.


The article explores the professionalism and the standards debate as it relates to teachers with specific learning difficulties in the context of Further Education in England. There is a tension between the government's policy of defining teachers more tightly in terms of entry qualifications and standards whilst espousing a policy of creating a more inclusive profession as promoted by the Equalities and Disability Discrimination legislation. How prepared are leaders and managers in Further Education to address this policy tension and what insights might be drawn from the Further Education context? Interviews with key leaders and managers in a Further Education college and the analysis of college policy documents are used to illuminate the issues surrounding the inclusion of teachers with specific learning difficulties. Suggestions are offered which may provide a way forward to address the policy tension.


Predicative constructions with a noun and copular verbs forming the meaning of a qualifying attribute are analyzed. The connection of the typology of predicates with both the semantic structure of a noun and the logic meaning of a copular verb is perceived. The role of copular verbs in expressing modal, evaluative, stylistic shades of meaning is determined.


The substation automation system (SAS) is complex in configuration and numerous in functions.This paper aims at this problem and proposes a common software platform for the data service in substation automation system.With organizing the data in substation,the proposed software platform provides the data service for the systems in application layer.So the application systems can focus on the implementation of their own functions,and consequently the development of the application systems is simplified greatly.In the process of developing the software platform,we use the object oriented,component object model (COM) and soft bus technology and so on,which can not only advance the software reuse and the system flexibility but also possess the transparency and openness in interface.Finally,the proposed software platform is developed using the Visual C++ and Net language under Microsoft Studio and Net IDE.


The article deals with the problem of development of future music teachers' professional consciousness during their choral conducting training. The author discusses two stages of choirmaster training: first technological, when students learn manual techniques (the lack of a real instrument, that is, chorus is the main difficulty of this stage), the second one is aimed at development of a managerial function (special role at this stage goes to development of volitional, leadership qualities through dialogue between students and a teacher).


The mutual solubilities and related liquid–liquid equilibria for 11 ternary systems of C1–C3 alcohols with aromatic hydrocarbons and water are exhaustively and critically reviewed. Reports of experimental determination of solubility that appeared in the primary literature prior to the end of 2012 are compiled. For nine systems, sufficient data are available (two or more independent determinations) to allow critical evaluation. All new data are expressed as mass percent and mole fraction as well as the originally reported units. In addition to the standard evaluation criteria used throughout the Solubility Data Series, an additional criterion was used for each of the evaluated systems. These systems include one binary miscibility gap in the hydrocarbon + water subsystem. The binary tie lines were compared with the recommended values published previously.


This study focuses on the assessment of fatigue damage in a piping system. Strain loading data was acquired using the fatigue data acquisition devices on a lab scale piping system. Specifically, the data was measured on the rough and smooth piping surfaces simultaneously where the strain gauges were mounted on both of the piping surfaces. In this study, three different water flow rates were operated in the experiments which were normal, maximum and variable. The normal water flow rate was then assumed as the reference flow rate for the subsequent fatigue analysis. The recorded strain signal was then analysed using the frequency and time-frequency method, and the short-time Fourier transform was applied to explain the damage situation. The fatigue data from the experiment was employed to calculate the fatigue damage of this piping system.


Nosocomial infections Newborn (RN), are due to the acquisition of bacteria and pathogens in the hospital are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. An infection is nosocomial if purchased at a health facility, and at the time of admission of the patient is not present or in incubation, the beginning of the infection after 72 hours after admission, because if it happens before most Chances are that the microorganism has previously acquired income.


Zero curves of families of curve congruences by J. W. Bruce, G. J. Fletcher, and F. Tari Hypersurface complements, Alexander modules and monodromy by A. Dimca and A. Nemethi Invariance of the diagonal contribution in a bitangency formula by D. Dreibelbis Bounds on leaves of foliations of the plane by E. Esteves and S. L. Kleiman Calculation of Thom polynomials and other cohomological obstructions for group actions by L. Feher and R. Rimanyi On the bilipschitz triviality of families of real maps by A. C. G. Fernandes and C. H. Soares, Jr. A note on the path formulation for $(\mathbb{O}(2),\mathbb{SO}(2))$-forced symmetry breaking bifurcation by J.-E. Furter and A. M. Sitta Polar methods, invariants of pairs of modules and equisingularity by T. Gaffney Stability of equilibria in equations of Hodgkin-Huxley type by I. S. Labouriau and C. M. S. G. Rito Isolated non-normal crossings by A. Libgober Invariants of normal surface singularities by A. Nemethi Families of pairs of Hamiltonian vector fields in the plane by R. D. S. Oliveira Topology of unfoldings of singularities in the $E, Z$ and $Q$ series by A. A. du Plessis and C. T. C. Wall Semiumbilics and geometrical dynamics on surfaces in 4-spaces by M. C. Romero-Fuster On the vanishing cycles of a meromorphic function on the complement of its poles by D. Siersma and M. Tibar Some adjacencies to cusp singularities by J. Stevens Elimination of singularities by cobordism by A. Szucs.


Process for the preparation of a poliestereterol, which is reacted first a compound selected from the group consisting of aromatic dicarboxylic acids, their anhydrides and mixtures thereof with at least one compound from the group of polyhydric alcohols, with formation one polyesterol a with an acid value less than 5 mg of KOH / g, and is then reacted polyester a using a basic catalyst with propylene oxide or a mixture of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, and wherein the basic catalyst an amine compound.


ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between self-reported sexual orientation and violence in the Brazilian population. Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiological study used the 2019 National Survey of Health database. Total violence and its subtypes (psychological, physical, and sexual) were analyzed in the previous 12 months. Prevalence and odds ratio adjusted for age group were estimated, with their respective 95% confidence intervals, according to the self-reported sexual orientation of the Brazilian population aged 18 years and older. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: Most of the Brazilian population self-identified as heterosexual (94.75%) and 1.89% as LGB+. This percentage was lower than that of respondents who refused to answer the question (2.28%). The prevalence of violence in the general population of Brazil was 18.27%, and the most common subtype was psychological violence (17.36%). The LGB+ population was more than twice as likely to experience any type of violence. LGB+ women had the highest prevalence in all violence subtypes, and heterosexual men had the lowest. LGB+ women were over three times more likely to experience physical violence compared to heterosexual ones. Meanwhile, the probability of LGB+ men experiencing sexual violence was almost eight times higher than in heterosexual men. Conclusion: The prevalence of violence against the LGB+ population was high in the country. Public policies aimed at this population are necessary to fight discrimination against sexual diversity and ensure the rights of non-heterosexual people.


Method of configuring a lock system comprising a plurality of lock system devices comprises the steps of: defining a plurality of commands and status messages, wherein each message is received when the device has a specific function; defining a plurality of device models , wherein each of said models can send predetermined command and status messages; sending a request message from each device, wherein the request message comprises a message from a particular device associated with the particular device is capable of the predetermined message transmitted; and each of said predetermined message stored in the device with every other device can send the associated message. In this way, you can create a simple locking system, without having to install by the people. Also it provides a lock system and a lock system device using this method.


The possibility of computer simulations application is argued to satisfying the information demand of investment portfolio risk analysis in the cases when the shares of interrelated real investment projects are included in the portfolio. A complex of cash flow simulation model and portfolio simulation model is developed that makes it possible to approach statistic characteristics of economic effect of investment projects and estimate expectation value of investments in real projects in the presence of governmental support. The empirical base of the model consists of the project feasibility study materials, data on project-specific prices variation and aggregated price indices. The instrumental methods, based on the proposed model, allow making decisions about capital investment as well as about forms and amount of state support aimed at improving investment attractiveness of the agro-industrial complex.


Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Braschi, commendatory Abbot of Subiaco, became Pope Pius VI in 1775; shortly, after his election, he started a great urban renovation of the town. Among the lesser-known works, there was an intervention in the House of Fathers of the Mission, which contained an apartment reserved for commendatory abbot: it was expanded, restored and adjoined with a chapel below, thanks to an opening in the vault. The work also included remarkable frescoes, already known and attributed to Liborio Coccetti, the favorite painter of the Pope. The intervention is related to an unrealized project, recently discovered by Jorg Garms and attributed to Pietro Camporese  for the erection of a new church annexed to the same House of the Mission. The resulting reflections allow to propose, for the intervention on the apartment, an attribution to Giulio Camporese, the eldest son of Pietro, who is not well-studied in Roman architecture of the late eighteenth century, in the transition phase between late Baroque and Neoclassicism.


ABSTRACT We study a surface discovered by Stover which is the surface with minimal Euler number and maximal automorphism group among smooth arithmetic ball quotient surfaces. We study the natural map and discuss the problem related to the so-called Lagrangian surfaces. We obtain that this surface S has maximal Picard number and has no higher genus fibrations. We compute that its Albanese variety A is isomorphic to , for α = e2iπ/3.


Four areas, excavated at the town of Herrera de Pisuerga (Palencia), have revealed evidence of different occupations in their stratigraphic sections, including remains of the Legio IIII Macedonica . This paper describes, discusses and studies the different types of weapons that have been found. They belonged to this unit of the Roman army, which took part in the conquest of northern Hispania and which remained in the town between 20/15 BC and 40 AD.


The pressure coefficients between ? conduction subbands, heavy(h) and light(l) hole subbands are determined. It is found that the pressure coefficient decrease with increasing subband energy or decreasing well width(Lz), from 10.3meV/kbar for the 130? well to 9.6meV/kbar for the 29? well. This result shows that the ? valley of GaAs is not a rigid sphere with same pressure coefficient. Pressure dependence of photoluminescence intensity has been also measured for both the 130? and 29? wells. It is markedly different from that of the bulk GaAs.


There's some rhyme and reason to how I select my reading material. I check reviews, I try to be alert to what gets mentioned when friends and colleagues talk literature, and I deliberately set myself a diet that balances spiritual books, novels, intellectual essays, and select biographies. Nonetheless, invariably, some of the best books I read each year are stumbled upon by accident. I ascribe to the theory that the book you're supposed to be reading at a given time finds you.


Understanding fracture compliance is important for characterizing fracture networks and for inferring fluid flow in the subsurface. In an attempt to estimate fracture compliance in the field, we developed a new model to understand tubewave generation at a fracture intersecting a borehole. Solving the dispersion relation in the fracture, amplitude ratios of generated tubewave to incident P-wave were studied over all frequency ranges. Based on the observations from the model, we propose that measuring amplitude ratios near a transition frequency can help constrain fracture compliance and aperture. The transition frequency corresponds to the regime where the viscous skin depth in the fracture is comparable to its aperture. However, measurements in the high frequency limit can place a lower bound on fracture compliance. Comparing the model to a previously published VSP dataset, we argue that compliance values of the order 10−10− 10−9 m/Pa may be possible in the field.


In this study, the technology of freeze-drying of poached meatballs was studied. Also, the effect of the pre-freezing time, drying temperature and the loadage of per unit on drying rate and rehydration ratio was investigated. the technological conditions of freeze-drying of poached meatballs and the parameters of the industrial process have been optimized by orthogonal tests. The results shows that the optimical conditions of freeze-drying poached meatballs are: pre-freezing temperature is -60°C, pre-freezing time is 4 h, drying temperature is 45°C and the loadage of per unit is 320 kg/m 2 .


This work studied the effect of three postharvest drying temperatures on the content of nutritional polyphenols in 'Aleatico' (Vitis vinifera L.) grape. The results show that different temperatures can modulate the synthesis of these compounds in grapes and the consequent concentration in wine. A temperature of 20°C was the most effective to induce the formation of nutrtional polyphenols such as catechin, quercetin, and trans-resveratrol up to a weight loss between 10 and 30% depending on the compounds. A temperature of 10°C induced less increments. 30°C stimulated the synthesis of quercetin only. Polyphenols oxidase (PPO) increased in parallel with the increase of catechin at 20°C but not in the other samples. These results open a good perspective for the production of wine or grape juice with high levels of nutritional compounds.


The fight against obesity and the search for simple ways to communicate nutritional messages to consumers is a priority in Brazil and in many other countries in Latin America. Governments on both sides of the Atlantic are working on legal solutions to protect consumers for public health reasons, with different approaches that are undoubtedly influenced by the political, economic and legal systems in which they are developed.


Abstract. Two groups of trained dogs were subjected to sodium chloride depletion and plasma ADH concentration, renin activity, plasma sodium, plasma osmolality, blood volume, hematocrit and body weight were measured. In one group of animals, sodium depletion was created by restricting intake to 5 mEq/24 h. Despite a statistically significant decrease in body weight and blood volume and a corresponding increase in plasma renin activity, plasma ADH concentration was not seen to change significantly from control values. Similar findings were seen in a second group of dogs which were given a diuretic in addition to dietary sodium restriction. In these animals the decrease in blood volume and rise in plasma renin activity were proportionately greater. Plasma ADH concentration was not observed to change significantly in this group of animals either. Both groups of animals developed significant hyponatremia during the experiment. It is concluded that in these dogs, the secretion of ADH was not suppressed and consequently hyponatremia developed. It is suggested that endogenous angiotensin was responsible for the continued secretion of ADH at control levels.


This research aimed to develop multimedia as an infrastructure in the world of cMOOCs web-based education on the material of basic physics I to improve students' independent learning. The research method used was research and development using the ADDIE (Analyze-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation) model. The objects in this study were 31 students in the physics education program at Jakarta State University. The research instruments used were material expert validation sheets, multimedia expert validation sheets, multiple-choice questions, and students' self-study questionnaire. The results of the validation of the material experts showed 94.19% (very good). The results of multimedia expert validation showed 78.33% (good). Then, the results of small group trials get a score of 82.67%, and the results of large group trials show 90.03%. And, The results of the assessment of the effectiveness of web cMOOCs on basic physics material I, obtained N-gain on mechanical material by a score of 0.818, N-gain on oscillation material and mechanical waves obtained a score of 0.831, N-gain on thermodynamic material obtained a score of 0.711 on average of the three materials this was 0.786 so it was a very high category. This showed the score of students' independent learning outcomes was increased. In addition, the results of the self-study questionnaire showed that the initiative aspect got a score of 85%, the business aspect itself was 88% and the responsibility aspect was 97%. According to data analysis and discussion, the multimedia improvement on the material of basic physic I with a small group trial was of 82.67%, while in a large group trial was 90.03%. Therefore, it can be used as multimedia learning. Besides, developing cMOOCs web-based multimedia can also improve learners' independent learning with the initiative aspect is 85%, the business aspect itself is 88%, and the responsibility aspect is 97% with an average overall score of 90%.


47 Frequency domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) methods have had a long history of 48 qualitative mapping for environmental applications. More recently, the development of multi- 49 coil and multi-frequency instruments is such that the focus has shifted to inverting data to 50 obtain quantitative models of electrical conductivity. Whilst collection of EMI data is relatively 51 straightforward, the inverse modeling is more complicated. Although several commercial and 52 open-source inversion codes, exist, there is still a need for a user-friendly software that can 53 bring EMI inversion to non-specialist audience. Here the open-source EMagPy software is 54 presented as an intuitive approach to modeling EMI data. It comprises a graphical user (GUI) 55 interface and a Python application programming interface (API). EMagPy implements both 56 cumulative sensitivity and Maxwell based solution and can model/invert data for 1D and 57 quasi-2D using either deterministic or probabilistic minimization methods. The EMagPy GUI 58 has a logical 'tab - based' layout to lead the user through data importing, data filtering, 59 inversion, and plotting of raw and inverted data. In addition, a dedicated forward modeling tab 60 is presented to generate synthetic data. In this publication necessary considerations of EMI 61 theory are described before its capabilities are presented through a series of environmental 62 case studies. Specifically, the performance of cumulative sensitivity and Maxwell based 63 forward models; the calibration of EMI data, a waterborne application and a time-lapse 64 inversion are investigated. It is anticipated that despite the number of available EMI software, 65 EMagPy offers a user-friendly tool suitable for novice and experienced practitioners alike, in 66 addition to be useful for teaching purposes.


Summary. This article presents possibility for quality and safety assurance for passengers and goods of railway transport with standard IRIS implementing. Course of company certification process and requirements was described. Direction for further development declared by UNIFE was introduced.


The experiments about the stone chip with high stone powder(the content of stone powder is larger than 10%) as a substitute of river sand were carried out.The results showed that the stone chip was used in preparing the C30 and C40 concrete by adding the usage of cementitious material,adding the usage of the water reducer,and adjusting the ratio of water to cementitious material and the fine aggregate percent of total aggregate.Such concretes were prepared under the condition that the particle larger than 4.75 mm in the stone chip was substituted the stone in part and the particle smaller than 4.75 mm in the stone chip was substituted the river sand in part.The grade of the stone chip had a greater influence on the workability and the strength of concrete,and the favorable grade stone chip should be used in preparing the concrete.The engineering application showes that the economic chip concrete can be made by controlling the quality of concrete during the batching,transporting,handling,and curing.


Reserve head is a depiction of an anonymous person's head, showing extremely high details of the facial features and sometimes the hair line. They were usually made out of limestone and started to appear from the end of the Old Kingdom. They were usually found partially damaged, especially the ears, or the neck. Many scholars generally discussed the usage of the reserve heads, however this research is focused on the signs of damage; use it as an evidence to confirm the perception that the reserve heads were used as a way of cursing of the deceased. This perspective was not discussed in details before by scholars dealing with the reserve heads. The research started with a detailed description of the reserve heads, through the collections found. It also discussed most of the researches and arguments which dealt with their use, explaining the appearance of attacks and signs of violence on most of the reserve heads in specific parts. Then the research proved that the purpose of these heads was not as reserve head but to be used as a substitute head for the purpose of performing execration rituals on the deceased and harm him in his afterlife.


Development of a management system for the maintenance and rehabilitation of locks on the inland waterways is described; the concepts and procedures apply to other facilities as well. The design of the management system is based on a life-cycle analysis of the performance and costs of facilities as affected by Repair, Evaluation, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation (REMR) policy. Life-cycle analyses of facilities require a new approach to looking at the performance of a facility and the factors that influence costs throughout its service life. This approach is referred to as "demand responsive" because maintenance, repair, rehabilitation, and reconstruction are viewed as responses to the demand for repair or renewal of a facility. Treating demand-responsive activities requires that the estimates of future resource requirements for and costs of maintaining facilities not simply be extrapolated from past trends; they must instead be based on predictions of structural and operational deficiencies caused by use, environment, and age. The concepts involved in applying life-cycle costing to analyses of REMR policy are discussed. Example models of facility performance for lock gates, walls, and mechanical equipment are developed; this performance is related to the costs and the impacts of different REMR policies; and building these models within a prototype version of a PC-based management system is discussed. The prototype REMR management system is then applied in several examples to demonstrate the application of demand-responsive maintenance concepts to realistic problems, to illustrate management system features and procedures, and to interpret system results.


Spirulina platensis is an edible microalga with high protein content (60-70%). Presently, there is a rising interest to evaluate in vitro cytotoxic effect of edible protein after hydrolysis by the gastric protease. Unfortunately, despite widespread researches about the health effect of hydrolyzed proteins in dairy products, very few studies are available in the field of marine microalgae protein. Therefore, this research was aimed to investigate anticancer and antibacterial effects of the dominant protein of S. platensis after hydrolyzed by Trypsin and Chymotrypsin enzymes on Human colon adenocarcinoma cell and Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus -22 kDa protein and its derived peptides decrease bacterial growth and <3kDa peptide fraction was able to significantly reduced SW480 cell viability. Based on this study, we can conclude that Spirulina plantesis is a potential protein source in the future industrial production of functional peptides.


The term 'food safety' defines the concept that food will not cause harm to the consumer when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use as per the ISO22000:2005 international standard for food safety management systems. Food safety is related to the occurrence of food safety hazards and does not include other human health aspects related to, such as malnutrition. (This ISO standard can be obtained from the SABS).


Adhesive compositions containing an adhesive polymer, a dispersant for the polymer and a gelling agent which is a salt of a compound of the formula: wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms and R1 is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 18 carbon atoms.


The electrodiagnostic features of acute childhood Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) have not been distinguished from those in the adult. We report nerve conduction and electromyographic data from 23 children. Sixty‐one percent (14 of 23) fulfilled strict electrodiagnostic criteria for a demyelinating neuropathy, and the remainder demonstrated demyelination in at least one nerve. Reduced compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude was the most common finding overall. Children <10 years old demonstrated significantly greater slowing of motor CV than children >10 years old. Electrodiagnostic criteria associated with poor outcome (low mean CMAP and fibrillation potentials) in previous studies, primarily of adult patients, occurred in 39% (9 of 23 children). All patients on whom follow‐up data were obtained recovered without residual disability. We conclude that electrodiagnostic prognostic indicators identified in general series of GBS may not apply to children.


Objective To test the control effect of aerosol insecticides with different formulation against mosquitoes,flies,and cockroaches.Methods Laboratory test and mimic field test.Results The forty-one kinds of aerosol insecticides designed for this study showed remarkable control effect against mosquitoes,flies,and cockroaches.The KT_(50) were less than(3 min) tested in laboratory,24 h killing rate was 100%.And the(1 h) knocking down and(24 h) killing rate were 100% in mimic fields,reaching grade A of national standard.Conclusion All aerosol insecticides with different formulation designed for this study had significant knocking down and killing effect.


Oil is one of the most important energy sources in the world, due to the uneven distribution of it, its transportation is an important step in the process of oil production. With the development of information technology, the traditional way of pipeline transportation has been unable to meet the requirement of high speed and high accuracy of product oil transportation process. A fuzzy PID control system in the product oil pipe-convey is designed in this paper, industrial control computer, programmable logic controller and KingView are used in the system for monitoring the oil transportation process on the computer. For the hysteresis character of pipeline pressure and oil flow rate, fuzzy PID is used in the system for reducing overshoot and improving control accuracy. Combined with programmable logic controller, KingView configuration software and fuzzy PID algorithm, the system has the advantages of easy operation, high reliability and easy upgrade. After put the system into production, the result shows that: the system has high reliability and high control accuracy, it can meet the requirements of the transmission of product oil.


A secondary distributed synchronization protocol in the Overlay based Hybrid Automatic Repeat request cognitive radio has been proposed. A detailed description for our protocol is given and simulation runs have been carried out. Our results show how secondary users can achieve synchronous reception on the primary receiver with the transmission from the primary transmitter. This synchronization represents a key functioning in the Overlay access scheme in cognitive radio networks.


We report on the mineralogy, petrology, and oxygen isotopic compositions of ferroan olivine–pyroxene‐normative cryptocrystalline chondrules (Fe‐CCs) in CH chondrites and discuss their origin and the origin of other components in the genetically related CH and CB chondrites. There are two kinds of Fe‐CCs: (1) compositionally uniform (Fe/[Fe+Mg] = 0.17–0.34) chondrules with euhedral Fe, Ni‐metal grains and (2) metal‐free chemically zoned (Fe/[Fe+Mg] = 0.05–0.4) chondrules surrounded by ferroan olivine (Fa44−62) rims; the Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio increases toward the rims. Both types contain low CaO and Al2O3 (<0.04 wt%), but relatively high contents of MnO and Cr2O3 (up to 1 wt%). Compositionally uniform euhedral Fe, Ni‐metal grains are Ni‐rich (9–20 wt%) and have subsolar Co/Ni ratio. There is a positive correlation between iron content in the metal grains and Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio in silicate portion of their host chondrules. Some Fe‐CCs experienced postcrystallization solid‐state reduction of ferroan silicates to metallic iron. Ferroan cryptocrystalline chondrules and olivine rims have similar oxygen isotopic compositions (interchondrule Δ17O ranges from ~ −2‰ to 2‰), which are slightly 16O‐depleted relative to those of magnesian olivine–pyroxene‐normative cryptocrystalline chondrules (Mg‐CCs; Δ17O ~ −2‰) commonly observed in CBs and CHs. We suggest that the Fe‐CCs and Mg‐CCs formed in the impact plume under different redox conditions (~IW−1 and ~IW−3, respectively), which may have been controlled by heterogeneous distribution of water‐bearing phases (water ice, hydrated materials) in the collided bodies and/or in the disk. We propose the following impact plume scenario for the origin of Fe‐CCs: (1) condensation of ferromagnesian silicate melt around Fe, Ni‐metal melt droplets from a highly oxidized portion of the plume; (2) crystallization of euhedral metal grains from the supercooled ferromagnesian silicate melt followed by its solidification; (3) condensation of ferroan olivine rims around solidified Fe‐CCs; (4) high‐temperature annealing of Fe‐CCs and their rims in the plume accompanied by Fe‐Mg interdiffusion between ferroan olivine rims and their host chondrules. Subsequently, some Fe‐CC experienced solid‐state reduction to various degrees, possibly in the reduced portions of gaseous plume. The impact plume‐produced or reprocessed components in CBs and CHs include Ca,Al‐poor magnesian and ferroan cryptocrystalline chondrules; Ca,Al‐rich skeletal olivine chondrules; isotopically uniform, 26Al‐poor 16O‐depleted (Δ17O ~ −15 to −5‰) igneous CAIs surrounded by igneous forsterite rims; chemically zoned and unzoned Fe,Ni‐metal grains; and metal‐sulfide nodules. These objects are dominant in CBs and abundant in CHs. The CH chondrites also contain other high‐temperature chondritic components, which avoided processing in the plume and most likely predate the plume event: 26Al‐poor and 26Al‐rich, mostly 16O‐rich CAIs (Δ17O ~ −40 to −10‰) surrounded by Wark–Lovering rims, and porphyritic chondrules (magnesian [type I], ferroan [type II], and Al‐rich) showing a range of Δ17O (from ~ −10 to ~ +5‰). Some of these components appear to have been melted in the plume. We conclude that CH and CB chondrites contain multiple generations of chondrules and refractory inclusions formed by different mechanisms at different times and different regions of the protoplanetary disk, consistent with the hypothesis of Wasson and Kallemeyn (1990).


The research on intonation has always drawn much interest from linguists because intonation, the patterning of pitch changes in utterances, conveys the speaker"s attitude (or emotion) beyond the intrinsic meaning of utterances the speakers makes. Many studies to date on intonation in natural languages, especially in English, have been mainly carried out in the literature of traditional phonology and(or) phonetics, focusing on the sounds and their rhythmic contours related to the fundamental frequency (F 0 ) in the speech technology. However, intonation patterns in English are understood differently by the hearer even though the string of words uttered is the same and the lexical meanings remain unchanged. This meaningful intonation can be interpreted in a particular context and individual cognitive space within the framework of Relevance Theory and further express speaker"s emotions. For this reason, intonation should be studied semantically, pragmatically, or cognitively, rather than syntactically or physically. This paper addresses the two major approaches to English intonation: grammatical approach and cognitive approach. The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate that intonation can be handled cognitively based on phonetic·phonology and semantics·pragmatics.


ABSTRACT Drawing on the historical insight of Emer de Vattel to build on the contemporary arguments of Michael Walzer and David Luban, this article develops a model of sufficient risk as a necessary condition for anticipatory war to be deemed self-defence. This model holds that an anticipatory war may constitute legitimate self-defence (as opposed to aggression) when it aims to forestall a threat that poses a sufficient risk to the anticipating state. This is the point where a threat is both sufficiently likely to materialise and sufficiently large to pose a grave risk. Due to crucial problems with the imminence condition for self-defence, I propose that the sufficient risk condition subsume that of imminence. The power of this model lies in its ability to encapsulate all factors raised by previous authors that are morally relevant specifically for anticipatory wars and categorise them as contributing to the judgement of the likelihood of the threat materialising and/or the magnitude of the potential threat. This parsimonious categorisation increases the accuracy and clarity of the moral theory on anticipatory war, making it more robust to change in the types of threats faced by states, and less ripe for manipulation to justify immoral wars.


This study examines whether GPA affects the rate at which students use nonmedical prescription stimulants for academic purposes. A web-based survey was sent to students at a public northeastern university via email and social media. Data from 362 completed surveys were collected and analyzed using Qualtrics. A statistically significant correlation was found between my independent variable, GPA, and dependent variable, use of nonmedical prescription stimulants (p-value 0.00). Alcohol use and nonmedical stimulant use show positive, linear correlations. The study found that binge drinking and non-medical stimulant use were highly associated. The more one drinks alcohol to get drunk, the more likely they are to use nonmedical stimulants. I also found a positive linear relationship between binge drinking frequency and moral acceptance of stimulant use for academic purposes. A larger, more representative sample would provide more accurate results. Introduction and Literature Review This study looks at the nonmedical use of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder medications by college students at a public university in the northeastern U.S. Non-medical use describes use of a prescription stimulant (such as Adderall, Ritalin, Dexadrine, Vyvanse, and Concerta) without a prescription (Sepulveda, Thomas, McCabe, Cranford, Boyd, Teter 2014). The use of drugs has fascinated and appalled the American public for decades. College campuses across the US are seeing a steady rise in misuse of prescription drugs (Ross and DeJong 2009). In a national survey of 119 colleges, the authors found 6.9% of students had reported life-time use of a nonmedical prescription stimulant. (McCabe, Knight, Teter, Wechsler 2005). At individual universities and colleges across the country, rates of nonmedical prescription stimulant use varied from 0 to 25% (McCabe et al. 2005). Most users did not find nonmedical use morally wrong if used for academic purposes, and only 2% of these users thought that the use of these stimulants posed a "very dangerous" health risk (Desantis, Webb, and Noar 2008). This begs the question, why are these drugs so popular? The consistent increase of use over time, accompanied by the disregard 1 Dudzisz: Prescription Stimulant Use Published by University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository, 2017


Perhaps in no other area of neurosurgery, has a greater research been done as in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite this, TBI remains one of the biggest killers around the world and especially in India. Decompressive craniotomy still remains one of the mainstay paradigms in the management of TBI. The following article explores several new modalities of treatment, and these include the role of beta-blockers for TBI, updates on decompressive craniotomy, the results of DECRA and RESCUEicp trials, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in TBI, vascular dysfunction, neuroimaging, and role of neuroinflammation in TBI.


Melanoma differentiation‐associated gene‐7/interleukin‐24 (mda‐7/IL‐24) displays a broad range of antitumor properties including cancer‐specific induction of apoptosis, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and modulation of antitumor immune responses. In our study, we elucidated the role of MDA‐7/IL‐24 in inhibiting growth of breast cancer‐initiating/stem cells. Ad.mda‐7 infection decreased proliferation of breast cancer‐initiating/stem cells without affecting normal breast stem cells. Ad.mda‐7 induced apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in breast cancer‐initiating/stem cells similar to unsorted breast cancer cells and inhibited the self‐renewal property of breast cancer‐initiating/stem cells by suppressing Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Prevention of inhibition of Wnt signaling by LiCl increased cell survival upon Ad.mda‐7 treatment, suggesting that Wnt signaling inhibition might play a key role in MDA‐7/IL‐24‐mediated death of breast cancer‐initiating/stem cells. In a nude mouse subcutaneous xenograft model, Ad.mda‐7 injection profoundly inhibited growth of tumors generated from breast cancer‐initiating/stem cells and also exerted a potent "bystander" activity inhibiting growth of distant uninjected tumors. Further studies revealed that tumor growth inhibition by Ad.mda‐7 was associated with a decrease in proliferation and angiogenesis, two intrinsic features of MDA‐7/IL‐24, and a reduction in vivo in the percentage of breast cancer‐initiating/stem cells. Our findings demonstrate that MDA‐7/IL‐24 is not only nontoxic to normal cells and normal stem cells but also can kill both unsorted cancer cells and enriched populations of cancer‐initiating/stem cells, providing further documentation that MDA‐7/IL‐24 might be a safe and effective way to eradicate cancers and also potentially establish disease‐free survival.


Method for predicting nozzle performance of microthrust rockets is discussed. Method is numerical and uses simplified computer program on IBM 360/65 computer. Analysis is based on slender channel equations with slip boundary conditions at walls. Implicit finite difference scheme is used to calculate pressure and velocity profiles along channel.


Active movement of the affected arm is important in the training of arm function after stroke. By supporting the weight of the arm during movements, either in conventional treatment or in other approaches such as robot-aided therapy, active arm movements can be facilitated. Studies into the influence of arm support display encouraging results for its use in post-stroke arm rehabilitation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of gravity compensation on muscle activity during reach and retrieval movements of stroke patients. Eight stroke patients performed repeated reach and retrieval movements with and without gravity compensation. Comparison of muscle activity of shoulder and elbow muscles in both conditions showed that the level of muscle activity was reduced with gravity compensation, while movement execution was comparable. This implies that gravity compensation may facilitate active use of the arm during post-stroke rehabilitation.


This paper explores the development and management of the Mill Creek Nature Park in the Town of Riverview, New Brunswick. The park is under-development on a 217 ha plot of land owned by the municipality on the eastern edge of Riverview. The site is unique due to its proximity to a rapidly developing residential area and the presence of a dam and reservoir (installed by the Canadian Navy in the 1950s). This paper investigates the Mill Creek Nature Park in the context of three development themes: inception, consultation, and materialization. The findings offer insight into the genesis of environment-based municipal projects, the importance of engaging community in the early planning-phase of park development, and the subsequent development process for the implementation of the park plan. Additionally, peer-reviewed literature is consulted to provide a brief overview of the value of green space and why the broader community should be involved in the planning and development of local parklands. The information highlighted in this paper serves as a valuable overview of the creation of a regional nature park in the context of New Brunswick, Canada and can provide insight into the early development process for other municipalities seeking to develop a park of a similar size and scope within their own communities.


The increasing number of children and young people struggling with chronic diseases and other health problems indicates the need for a closer look at the problem of difficulties in the functioning of psychosocial resulting from ill health. Diagnosing the level of sense of life quality depends on the health of high school students is a necessary procedure in order to identify opportunities for early intervention in countering the negative psychosocial effects of chronic disease. Determining the level of sense of life quality for high school students with health problems compared to healthy peers was conducted. There were examined 251 students in Lublin high schools. Standardized diagnostic questionnaire KIDSCREEN-52 by J. Mazur et al. was used. Results obtained during the analysis of evidence suggest that health-related quality of life of young people with health problems is significantly lower than in healthy peers, both in the case of complete physical, mental and psychosocial functioning in the school environment. Particularly noteworthy are the dimensions of felt emotions, psychological well-being, self-image, and the school environment.


Aiming at the characteristics of the nonlinear changes in the internal corrosion rate in gas pipelines, and artificial neural networks easily fall into a local optimum. This paper proposes a model that combines a principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm and a dynamic fuzzy neural network (D-FNN) to address the problems above. The principal component analysis algorithm is used for dimensional reduction and feature extraction, and a dynamic fuzzy neural network model is utilized to perform the prediction. The study implementing the PCA-D-FNN is further accomplished with the corrosion data from a real pipeline, and the results are compared among the artificial neural networks, fuzzy neural networks, and D-FNN models. The results verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm for inner corrosion rate prediction.


Background A recent trial unexpectedly reported that atrial fibrillation, when defined as serious, occurred more often in participants randomized to an annual infusion of the relatively new parenteral bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid, than among those given placebo, but had limited power. Two subsequent population-based case-control studies of patients receiving a more established oral bisphosphonate, alendronic acid, reported conflicting results, possibly due to uncontrolled confounding factors. Methodology/Principal Findings We used the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database to assess the risk of atrial fibrillation and flutter in women exposed to the oral bisphosphonates, alendronic acid and risedronate sodium. The self-controlled case-series method was used to minimise the potential for confounding. The age-adjusted incidence rate ratio for atrial fibrillation or flutter in individuals during their exposure to these oral bisphosphonates (n = 2195) was 1.07 (95% CI 0.94–1.21). The age-adjusted incidence rate ratio for alendronic acid (n = 1489) and risedronate sodium (n = 649) exposed individuals were 1.09 (95% CI 0.93–1.26) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.78–1.26) respectively. In post-hoc analyses, an increased risk of incident atrial fibrillation or flutter was detected for patients during their first few months of alendronic acid therapy. Conclusions/Significance We found no robust evidence of an overall long-term increased risk of atrial fibrillation or flutter associated with continued exposure to the oral bisphosphonates, alendronic acid and risedronate sodium. A possible signal for an increase in risk during the first few months of therapy with alendronic acid needs to be re-assessed in additional studies.


The first organic-soluble phenylarsonates of aluminum and gallium, [tBuAl(μ3-O3AsPh)]4 (1) and [tBu2Ga(μ2-O2AsPh)]2O (2), have been prepared by equimolar reactions of PhAs(O)(OH)2 with tBu3Al and tBu3Ga, respectively. Compound 1 has a cubic Al4As4O12 core analogous to M4P4O12 (M = Al, Ga) double-four-ring (D4R) secondary building units in AlPO4 and GaPO4 materials. In contrast to the cubic structure of 1, the structure of compound 2 contains a bicyclic Ga2As2O5 core composed of a Ga2As2O4 eight-membered ring with an oxo bridge between the arsenic atoms.


The behavior of macro ber composites, a form of linear strain actuator, is the focus of this project. Three widths of unimorphs, capable of bending when actuated, were fabricated by bonding each macro ber composite to a single layer of unidirectional carbon ber. Digital Image Correlation was used to measure the deformation of each unimorph while it was actuated and submitted to various loads. A nite element model for each unimorph was created and compared to the experimental results. The long term goal involves incorporating the calibrated nite element models into larger nite element wing models as a tool to design and optimize micro air vehicles.


Abstract In-span hinge shear keys are critical to the transverse seismic performance of multi-frame bridges2. The demand parameters of in-span shear keys such as the bridge geometry, relative stiffness of adjacent frames, ground motion characteristics, transverse impact, and non-uniform base excitation on the seismic design force demands of the in-span shear keys are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, a large number of straight non-skew prototype models were designed for different levels of seismicity and site class per the seismic design practice in California. These realistically designed models were analysed under a series of ground motions corresponding to the design spectrums, to estimate the in-span shear key force demands in relation with factors of interest. It was found that high-frequency modes of vibration may significantly contribute to the force demands. The relative location of in-span hinge to the stiffer frame on the shear key force is more effective than relative stiffness of adjacent frames. The current displacement-based analysis, such as pushover and elastic dynamic analysis, does not provide reliable results. The transverse impact and non-uniform base excitation significantly increase the shear key force. The findings may contribute to development of a reliable design guidelines for in-span shear keys through further research.


This thesis demonstrates that a knowledge representation model can provide
considerable support to concurrent engineering teams, by providing a sound basis for
creation of necessary software applications. This is achieved by demonstrating that use
of the knowledge representation model facilitates the capture, interpretation and
implementation of important aspects of the multiple, diverse types of expertise which
are essential to the successful working of concurrent engineering project teams.
The varieties of expertise which can be modelled as instances of the knowledge
representation model range from specialist applications, which support particular
aspects of design, by assisting human designers with highly focused skills and
knowledge sets, to applications which specialise in management or coordination of
team activities. It is shown that both these types of expertise are essential for effective
working of a concurrent engineering team.
Examination of the requirements of concurrent engineering team working indicate that
no single artificial intelligence paradigm can provide a satisfactory basis for the whole
range of possible solutions which may be provided by intelligent software applications.
Hence techniques, architectures and environments to support design and development
of hybrid software expertise are required, and the knowledge representation model
introduced in this research is such an architecture. The versatility of the knowledge
representation model is demonstrated through the design and implementation of a
variety of software applications.


In order to exert a large force on an environment, it is effective to apply impulsive force. We describe the motions in which tasks are performed by applying impulsive force as "impact motions." This paper proposes a way to generate impact motions for humanoid robots to exert a large force and the feedback control method for driving a nail robustly. The impact motion is optimized based on a three dimensional model using sequential quadratic programming (SQP). In this research, a nailing task is taken as an example of impact motion. A dominant parameter for driving a nail strongly is revealed and motions which maximize the parameter are generated considering the robot's postural stability. In order to evaluate the proposed scheme, a life-sized humanoid robot drives nails into a plate made of chemical wood. The optimized motion is compared with a motion designed heuristically by a human. Average driving depth is clearly increased by the proposed method.


Thin films of small or ganic semi con duct ing mol e cules ex hibit at trac tive op ti cal and elec tronic prop er ties de pend ing on their mo lec u lar struc ture. Pentacene (PEN) mol e cules are known to form a ly ing-down phase on graphene that im proves ver ti cal elec tron trans port and in creases op ti cal ab sorp tion and light har vest ing. Here, we stud ied the mech a nism of epitaxial PEN growth on graphene by in-situ GISAXS and GIWAXS tech niques com ple mented by ex-situ AFM and po lar ized con fo cal Raman mi cros copy. Two prin ci pal stages of the growth were ob served. First, nu cle ation and growth of PEN is lands sat u rat ing in width and height at 1 monolayer thick ness was ob served. Later on, the is lands con tinue to grow only along [100] di rec tion of the PEN triclinic lat tice adopt ing nee dle-like shape and copy ing hex ag o nal sym me try of the un der ly ing graphene. The c* axis of PEN re cip ro cal lat tice was found to be par al lel to the [210] (arm chair) di rec tion of graphene and tilted by 18° with re spect to the graphene sur face. This sug gests a »11° de vi a tion of the PEN mo lec u lar chains from the graphene sur face driven by the en ergy minimization in later stages of the is lands growth.


This study outlines the development of information science in Canada through an examination of the research contributions to the field by Canadians. Identification of contributors, their backgrounds and the sub-areas of information science to which they have contributed indicate that the field continues to draw inter-disciplinary contributions from a wide variety of academic fields. Despite the tenuous self-identity of the discipline, the development of Canadian periodicals as well as undergraduate and graduate education programmes devoted to information science indicate an increased recognition of the existence and validity of the discipline.


Objective The appearances of 152 cases on DSA were analyzed to evaluate the features of blood supply and the bifurcation angle between the uterine artery and inner iliac artery for providing an interventional management guidance. Methods All 152 cases were diagnosed by ultrasound, CT and MRI including 74 cases with tumor site in muscle layer, 32 beneath the mucosa and 46 with both of the formers.All cases were performed aortography, of them, 91 cases underwent rotational DSA. The bifurcation angle between the uterine artery and inner iliac artery was measured. The bilateral appearances of various phases on DSA and predominent types of blood supply were analyzed and compared. Results The successful rate of catheterization with DSA was 100%. There were 81 cases(53.3%)with bifurcation angle less than 30°, 52 cases(34.2%) between 30° and 60°, 19 cases larger than 60°(12.5%). 112 cases(73.7%)revealed unilateral dominated blood supply, 98 cases with a sign of tumors wrapped by small arteries. The tumor staining signs were seen in 124 cases(81.6%). The bifurcation morphology was clearly displayed in 89 cases(97.8%). Conclusion The uterine arteries are commonly enlarged asymmetrically in uterine fibroid with rich blood supply demonstrating contrast stain in later phase. Some of the uterine arteries having a large bifurcation angle with the iliac artery, more attention should be taken during the interventional treatment.(J Intervent Radiol, 2006, 15: 479-482)


It is well known that the doubly stochastic matrices of order n are precisely the convex combinations of permutation matrices of order n. Problem 111 of Garrett Birkhoff'sLattice theory asks for an infinitedimensional version of this fact. First we show that an infinite doubly stochastic matrix has a positive diagonal. The referee has simplified the proof by use of a result credited to N. G. de Bruijn by Everett and Whaples, Representations of sequences of sets, Amer. J. Math, vol. 71 (1949) p. 287. Then we observe, what is rather obvious, that the doubly stochastic matrices are not a closed set in Lx norm. The appropriate norm for (a,y) is max (sup< Ej |ff«j| > suPj E» la>/| )• In this norm the elements of the convex closure of the permutation matrices are determined by the doubly stochastic conditions (a) all entries are non-negative; (b) the sum of each row and each column is unity, together with the requirement (c) for «>0 there is n=n(t) such that in each row or column the sum of the n largest entries is at least 1 — e. If the matrix be thought of as a matrix of transition probabilities, (c) says that single transitions are uniformly finite with probability 1. We restate de Bruijn's theorem (in a formally weaker version; but the generalization offers no difficulty). A diagonal of a square matrix is a set of entries including just one from each row and just one from each column. A line is a row or a column. A matrix is line-finite if each line has only finitely many nonzero entries.


In the field of structural health monitoring, researchers focus on the design of systems and techniques capable of detecting damage in structures. However, most traditional detection methods fail under environmental and operational variations that tend to distort the signals and masquerade as damage. In this paper, we investigate the applications of machine learning techniques to developing a damage detection system robust to changes in the internal air pressure of a pipe. From each of the 240 experimental datasets, we extract 167 features and implement three classification algorithms for detecting damage: adaptive boosting, support vector machines, and a method combining the two. The performances of the three classifiers are evaluated over 30 detection trials with different combinations of training and testing data, resulting in the average accuracies of 87.7%, 92.5% and 93.5%, respectively. The combined method is a promising classifier for damage detection. Through feature selection, we also demonstrate the effectiveness of features related to the curve length, the shift-invariant correlation coefficient and the peak amplitude of the signal.


A regional correction-based method for improving positioning accuracy in a satellite-based augmentation system, comprising: dividing a region to be observed into a plurality of observation regions, and configuring a plurality of observation stations in each observation region (S1); acquiring residual data of each observation station by processing observation data (S3); acquiring clock difference mean value data of each observation station according to the observation residual data (S4); acquiring ambiguity reduction value data of each observation region according to the residual data (S5); acquiring regional correction value data of each observation region according to the residual data and the ambiguity reduction value data (S6); and providing a user with a regional correction value data calling service by means of a network or a satellite link (S7). The regional correction-based method for improving positioning accuracy in a satellite-based augmentation system carries out wide-range region configuration by means of the observation stations, and calculates the regional correction values for use in network and satellite-based broadcasts on the basis of the observation stations. The method refines error correction in user positioning, thereby improving the accuracy of user positioning; the method also has the advantages of having high accuracy and a wide application range.


Objective To observe the effects of breviscapine on the expression of TGF-beta1 and Smad7 in myocardium of diabetic rats.Methods Out of 30 health SD rats,20 were used for establishment of diabetic rat model and subsequently assigned into DM group and breviscapine treatment group(Bre group).The other 10 rats were used as controls.Intraperitoneal injection of breviscapine parenteral solution [20 mg/(kg·d)] was performed in bre group,while saline substitution was applied in DM and control group.Caudal venous blood glucose measurement,cardiac function,body weight(BW),heart weight(HW) and HW/BW were assessed in 12th week.The ultrastructural and myocardial structure pathological changes were evaluated by electron microscopy and light microscopy,respectively.The protein levels of TGF-beta1 and Smad7 were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results There was no significant difference in blood sugar between Bre and DM group(P0.05).Reduction of cardiac index,and improvement of maximum velocities of rise and decline of left ventricular pressure were recorded in Bre-treated diabetic rats(P0.05).Meanwhile,significant alleviation of myocardial pathological changes,down-regulation of myocardial TGF-beta1,and up-regulation of Smad7 were also observed in Bre-treated diabetic rats(P0.05).Conclusion Bre viscapine alleviates myocardial pathological changes and improves cardiac function in diabetic rats,via down-regulation of myocardial TGF-beta1 and up-regulation of Smad7,thus inhibits diabetic myocardial fibrosis.


Now a day's more research works are going on performance of MRR on various operations with respect to EDM machining. This research paper is to focus the same on parameters base with Performance measure of Material Removal Rate (MRR) in composite Material (Aluminum, Boron Carbide and Multi Wall Carbon NanoTubes (MWCNT) .The machine used for this research is Sink EDM with drilling operation. .Lots of statistical techniques are available to predict the accurate and reliable result form the research data. Here the Minitab 16 software is used to analyze the MRR performance. The input parameters selected for the EDM machine are: Pulse on time, pulse off time and voltage. The results were compared with the DOE-Taguchi approach (L9) Orthogonal array - result. [1] .Material Removal Rate was studied along with S/N ratio of Main effect plot, Means and Interaction Plot.[2] From software the main effect plots, residual plots, S/N ratio interaction plots and means was obtained The rapid increase with pulse on for MRR is resulted due to addition of nano powder and linearly increase with peak current. The optimal parameters combination was determined as CNT (1%), Pulse on (10 µs), Pulse off (2.5 µs) and Peak Current (50A) i.e. 1 4 4 2. The experimental results were checked with predicted results and a positive agreement was found. Comparing old studies the optimization values found by this experiment results with more MRR.


The invention relates to a device for obtaining water from air by means of a hygroscopic absorption material which is intermittently charged with humid air or subjected to a heat source. The device comprises a tightly sealed container (1) for the absorption material (2) with at least one means (4) for supplying humid air and removing water vapour to a condenser (13) and with an opening (6) for evacuating dry air. The invention is characterized in that a vacuum pump (8) is connected to the container (1) and that processor-controlled valves (7, 9, 11, 12) are provided for which allow for a two-phase operation. The first phase involves feeding humid air into the container (1) and the second phase consists of regeneration of the absorption material (2) and condensation of the water vapour.


Abstract: Wide Field of View Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA) of LHAASO consists of 18 air image Cherenkov telescopes. Each Cherenkov telescope consists of an array of 32×32 SiPM array which cover a field of view 14°×16° with a pixel size of 0.5°. The main scientific goal of WFCTA is to measure the ultra-high energy cosmic ray composition and energy spectrum from 30 TeV to a couple of EeV. Because SiPM cannot be aging under strong light exposure, SiPM-based camera can be operated in moon conditions, thus achieve a longer duty cycle than PMT-based camera, e.g. the duty cycle of SiPM-based camera is about 30%, while the PMT-based camera is about 10%. The SiPM-based camera is designed and developed for WFCTA. The square SiPM with photosensitive area of 15 mm×15 mm and Geiger-APD size of 25 mm is used to meet the required dynamic range from 10 photoelectrons (pes) to 32000 pes. Because SiPM can reach higher photon detection efficiency than quantum efficiency×collection efficiency of PMT, SiPM-based camera has almost the same signal to noise ratio with PMT-based camera of WFCTA prototype, although SiPM has higher dark count rate than PMT.


. In 1979, Miller proved that for a group G of odd order, two minimal group codes in F 2 G are G -equivalent if and only they have identical weight distribution. In 2014, Ferraz-Guerreiro-Polcino Milies disprove Miller's result by giving an example of two non- G -equivalent minimal codes with identical weight distribution. In this paper, we give a characterization of finite abelian groups so that over a specific set of group codes, equality of important parameters of two codes implies the G -equivalence of these two codes. As a corollary, we prove that two minimal codes with the same weight distribution are G -equivalent if and only if for each prime divisor p of | G | , the Sylow p -subgroup of G is homocyclic.


The present study examined mental health literacy of negative body image in a sample of 485 British adults. Participants were presented with vignettes of a fictional woman ('Kate') and man ('Jack') suffering from negative body image and were asked questions addressing symptom recognition, distress, sympathy and sources of help-seeking. Participants also completed measures of body appreciation and psychiatric skepticism. Results showed that less than a fifth of participants correctly identified the vignettes as depicting cases of negative body image. The vignette describing Kate was rated as significantly more distressing, deserving of sympathy and requiring help than that of Jack. Women rated the conditions described by both vignettes as significantly more distressing and requiring help than did men. Psychiatric skepticism and body appreciation were significantly associated with beliefs about the vignettes. Implications of the results for the promotion of mental health literacy in relation to body image are discussed.


Abstract: In this paper, heat transfer in the tail section of channel of cooling blade with pin-fin is studied. According to the theoretical calculation, the pin-fin shape which has the maximum heat transfer is acquired under some conditions. The heat transfer is compared with that of corresponding cylindrical pin-fin to show its advantages. Finally, the relations between the heat transfer and the rib's Physical parameter or geometrical characteristic are systematically analyzed.


In his lifetime, Rev. Moses Dissinger was compared to the pugnacious frontier Methodist preacher Peter Cartwright. A subsequent generation called him "the Billy Sunday of Lebanon County." "Mose," as he was known to friends, was a legend in his own day, and even before his death, stories about him had become a part of Pennsylvania Dutch folklore. His friend and colleague William Yost described Dissinger as "an extraordinary man both in body and mind, gifted with tireless energy; an original, peculiar personage, the like of which our church never had and never will again have in its ministry."2 Renowned for his quick wit, biting sarcasm and earthy, homespun preaching, Moses Dissinger was enormously popular among the Pennsylvania Germans, and during the Civil War, he became an ardent and influential supporter of the Union cause. He was born March 17, 1824, in Schaefferstown, Lebanon County, where his great-great-grandparents and their extended family had settled in the mid-18th century. They had been among as many as 100,000 Germans who immigrated to Britain's North American colonies in the years before the American Revolution. Pennsylvania became a particular haven for these


The Submandibular Salivary Gland (SMG) is formed by iterative branching of epithelial cells into secretory acinar endbuds and branched ducts that are ext€nsively innervated by parasyrr.pathetic nerves which can influence gland developmeflt. Carbarrylc,holine, or carbachol, (an acetylcholine neurotransanitter analog), is a drug that binds to and activates the acetylcholine rec€ptor. Previous research has zuggested that carbachol on SMGs might delay ductal diffenentiation and affect actin localization in cslls lining the lumen of ductg, Vitamin C has been shown to enhance matrix protein synthesis, which may accelerate cell difererrtiation. My goal was to test whether and how carbachol or modulation of vitamin C levels could be used to delay SMG gland growth and diflerentiation so that the glands could be cultured longer in vitro. My results show that carbachol treatrnent had no effect on intact or mesenchyrne-free gland growth and trorphology but did affect differentiation in the latter, as measured by actin localization around developing luminal duct cells. Vitamin C affected both morphology and differentiation by acceleratlng branching and actin accumulation along luminal ductal cells, respectively. We can thus use these molecules as tools in artificial salivary gland regeneration and tiszue engineering studies to eventually treat patients with salivary gland hypofunction' Introduction Salivarv Gland Develoornent Branching morphogenesis is a developmental method errployed by different tissues to form intricate ramified struchres. The submandibular salivary gland (SMG) is a pivotal organ in saliva secretion that is formed by iterative branching of epithelial cells inlo acinar buds and ducts. It is located in the anterior (front) portion of the mouth uttder the tongue. SMG sectetions, similar to the secretions of other salivary glands, are regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. Numercus drugs and radiation therapy for head and neck cancers biirr cause sipifiomt damage to salivary gland cells, leading to xerostomia ('dry mouth"), a condition which affectr thousands of people worldwideThe hypofirnctional salivary gland may impair oral hygienq digestion, dental healt[ mucosal regeneration, and nutrition. Tissue engineering approaches for artificial salivary gland regeneration intend to getrerate frrnctionally differentiated cells that can be gpowh on artificial biocompatible scaffolds and organize themselves to forrn functional tissue by proliferating and qmthesizing entracellular matrix (Jobnsorl 2009). Vitamin C in cellular differentiation The water soluble vitamin C, or L-ascorbic acid, was discovered in the 17th century as the causal factor for prevention of scurvy, which is caused by a defect iu collagen synthesis. Female mice lacking vitamin C during pregnancy produced pups that died almosx instantaneously after birth from bleeding in the brain and respiratory faihue. The L-gulono-1-lactone oxidase (Slc23a1) gene, encodes the transporter protein that gets vitamin C into cells. Some pmperties of vitamin C are that it is an antioxidant and is anti-atherogenic, which p,revents lipid peroxidation through vitamin E. Vitamin C also has an anti-carcinogenic and immunomodrdatory action. Vitamin C promotes production of Extracellular Matrix @CM) proteins like fibronectiq laminin and collagen tlpe I. Vitamin C deficiency reduces the hydroxylation ofproline and lysine, de-stabilizing the collagen tdple helix, and the


The free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFA3) is a nutrient sensor of gut microbiota generated nutrients, the short chain fatty acids. Previously, we have shown that FFA3 is expressed in β cells and inhibits islet insulin secretion ex vivo. Here, we determined the physiological relevance of the above observation by challenging wildtype (WT) and FFA3 knockout (KO) male mice with, (a) hyperglycemia and monitoring insulin response via highly sensitive hyperglycemic clamps, (b) dietary high fat (HF), and (c) chemical induced diabetes. As expected, FFA3 KO mice exhibited significantly higher insulin secretion and glucose infusion rate in hyperglycemic clamps. Predictably, under metabolic stress induced by HF diet feeding, FFA3 KO mice exhibited less glucose intolerance compared to the WT mice. Moreover, similar islet architecture and β cell area in HF diet fed FFA3 KO and WT mice was observed. Upon challenge with streptozotocin (STZ), FFA3 KO mice initially exhibited a tendency for an accelerated incidence of diabetes compared to the WT mice. However, this difference was not maintained. Similar glycemia and β cell mass loss was observed in both genotypes 10 days post-STZ challenge. Higher resistance to STZ induced diabetes in WT mice could be due to higher basal islet autophagy. However, this difference was not protective as in response to STZ, similar autophagy induction was observed in both WT and FFA3 KO islets. These data demonstrate that FFA3 plays a role in modulating insulin secretion and β cell response to stressors. β cell FFA3 and autophagy link warrant further research.


The utility model relates to a digital-control voltage stabilization inverter, specifically the inverter which is high in power factor and precise in output voltage. The inverter comprises an active PFC power factor correction circuit, a full-bridge inversion circuit, and a digital control system. The main circuit of the inverter consists of the active PFC power factor correction circuit and the full-bridge inversion circuit. The digital control system employs a digital signal controller dsPIC30F3011 as a core control unit. The full-digitization PWM (digital control system) is achieved through a drive system of the full-bridge inversion circuit, and the double-loop control of an outer loop of an output voltage and an inner loop of a current is achieved. A man-machine interaction system displays the output voltage in real time, and a rigorous overcurrent, overvoltage/undervoltge and overheat protection circuit effectively guarantees the reliable operation of the inverter. In addition, the inverter also comprises current and voltage sample circuits which transmit signals to the digital signal controller dsPIC30F3011 through the connection of an auxiliary circuit and a signal conditioning circuit. The adjustment and control of a main circuit system are achieved through the combination of the drive circuit.


The aim of the book is to show that sentential prosody, in particular intonation and stress, are vital tools available to the hearer in his/her task to uncover the logical proposition intended by the speaker. The author seeks to uncover the mechanisms of "the direct relation between LF and PF" (15). His main claim is that operator– scope relations are marked prosodically: in particular, languages may put main stress on either the operator or its scope. Hunyadi applies this to many attested word order variations and potential scope-readings of complex Hungarian sentences involving more than one operator. Ultimately, Hunyadi's goal is to derive the well-known ordering of constituents in the Hungarian left periphery (i.e., Topics–Quantifier–Focus–Verb). He also extends the cross-linguistic coverage of the theory to Finnish, Japanese, Hebrew and English. The connections between semantics/pragmatics and prosody form the topic of much contemporary research, including, for instance, Reinhart's (1995) work on the prosodic nature of focus-marking in English, Büring's (1997) work on topic and focus in German, Zubizarreta's (1998) work on focus in Spanish, or Frascarelli's (2000) work on focus in Italian. An important aspect of Hunyadi's book that marks it out compared to its peers is that the data that forms the basis of the proposed prosodic theory is the result of phonetic experiments. This is very important, given the often controversial nature of judgements about stress placement and relative strength of stresses. Hunyadi's main claim that operator–scope relations may directly effect the prosody of an utterance is highly innovative. The variety of data that he encompasses is exceptionally large, involving the interactions between many different Hungarian operators such as csak 'only', the FOCUS operator, diverse types of topics, negation and various


Debates about suicide and appropriate responses have frequently centred on prevention. Increasing focus and research on the wider impacts of suicide in recent decades have raised questions about if and how the suicide bereaved differ from other bereaved populations and what support routes are most appropriate to them. A number of recent studies have addressed aspects of suicide bereavement outcomes and their implications for service provision and future research prioritisation.


Two biotype 2 populations of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens stal, were used in this experiment. One was purified by determining the weight of honeydew excreted on susceptible rice variety TN1 and resistant rice varieties Mudgo (bearing resistant gene Bph1) and ASD7 (bearing resistant gene bph2) by female adult in paddy field in Guangxi Province, south China, and the other was obtained from greenhouse and continuously reared on rice resistant variety Mudgo in IRRI, Philippines. One newly hatched nymph was introduced into the test tube containing two 60 day old rice plants and cultured at 26± 1℃ , L∶ D =12 h∶ 12 h. Sixty replications were set up for each tested rice variety. The number and instar of nymphes were recorded every day. The body weight and honeydew excreted by female adult emerged within 24 h and 72 h, the number of eggs laid, and newly hatched nymph on different resistant rice varieties were measured. The hatchability, net reproductive rate, female adult nutritional indices such as relative growth rate (RGR)and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) were calculated.


The 13C NMR chemical shifts of a series of phosphorinanes and the corresponding 4-phosphorinanones have been evaluated using 'double difference' plots. Most of the compounds fit the same linear relationships for the carbons alpha and beta to the hetera group previously found for the analogous sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen six-membered heterocycles, suggesting that these phosphorus compounds possess similar chair conformations. For the carbons gamma to the hetera group, the plots suggest that there are transannular interactions between the trivalent phosphine groups and the carbonyl group, similar to that previously observed for the sulfide group. In these 1-hetera-4-cyclohexanones, transannular interactions appear whenever a lone pair of electrons on a second-row heteroatom is present in the proper conformation for interaction with the carbonyl group.


This paper investigates and analyzes the development of the transformation from "shou-ming" ("accepting destiny") to "san-ming" ("three destinies"), particularly the character transformation of the intellectuals, to discover the underlying meaning of the concept and the significance of this phenomenon during that period. In simpler words, the emergence of the theory of ming (destiny) and the value perspectives of the intellectuals from the East and West Han Dynasties are correlated with each other. Along with the accumulation of hopelessness of the East Han's intellectuals, they gradually separated their ideas on ming from the politics and limited its context merely on life and fortune, because they realized that san-ming is the output of the human characteristics and thoughts. The concept development of shou-ming to san-ming indicated the characteristic transformation of the intellectuals from the East and West Han Dynasties. From the earliest intensive involvement of ming, followed by the estrangement and eventually the emergence of Wang Zhong's theory of ming, it can be said that this development is the self-reflection on the self-worth of the intellectuals from the East and Han Dynasties.


My doctoral thesis focused on a national epidemiological survey of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander wellbeing in Australia. I occupied many roles during my study and fieldwork and adapted the practice of my anthropology to fulfil both the goals of my research and my socio-cultural responsibilities as an Aboriginal Australian. Being able to conceptualise one's diversity and being reflexive in anthropological practice is necessary for researchers undertaking decolonising research in particular. The necessity of this process is not often taught at an institutional level, reflecting (and perpetuating) the lack of diversity within the Academy and the enduring power imbalances between researchers and the Indigenous communities with whom they conduct research. This paper is organised around four principles which are characteristics of a decolonising research model from an Indigenous standpoint — Resistance, Reflexivity, Relationality, and Respect. Through these principles I describe how I enacted an 'Indigenist anthropology' which enabled me to be diverse and work towards decolonising the discipline from within the Academy. What this paper highlights is the need for research for, with, and by Indigenous academics, and the need for allies in the Academy who recognise the importance of decolonisation and diversity within anthropology.


The utility model relates to a device for preventing diamond rope from swinging in cutting processes, which can insert diamond rope after drilling holes on the concrete and other foundations for cutting off the concrete. The device for preventing diamond rope from swinging comprises a sectional pipe and end plates, wherein the cross section of the sectional pipe is in a U shape and both ends of the sectional pipe are provided with end plates. The outer circumference of the end plate is connected with both the two U-shaped ends, the inner circumference of the end plate is in a U shape, the end plate is uniformly distributed with a plurality of mounting holes, and the diamond rope is arranged in the U-shaped sectional pipe. The end plate comprises a connecting end plate and an installation end plate. The utility model can cause the diamond rope to move in a limited region, prevent the rope from swinging and increase the flatness of cutting surfaces, therefore the utility model can reduce cost and increase cutting precision.


In the presented study, an analysis of issues related to the organization of construction processes during the liquidation of buildings under various conditions was carried out. The main questions in this case are questions of analysis of the initial data, questions of the choice of means of mechanization and the selection of the numerical and qualification composition of workers. In addition, the analysis of factors influencing technical and economic indicators is of great importance. Under the liquidation of objects means the demolition and dismantling of buildings. Demolition and dismantling of buildings can be carried out under various conditions. These conditions can be classified according to the following criteria: by the type of construction activity, within the framework of which the liquidation of the object is carried out; by type of objects to be liquidated; by designation of objects subject to liquidation, to which special conditions are imposed; according to the conditions of spatial limitation of the production of works; according to the conditions of the organization of work. Demolition and dismantling works are extremely dangerous for the life and health of people involved in the liquidation of the facility and the population living or located in close proximity to the construction site and also bear the risk of harm to the environment, movable and immovable property of individuals and legal entities, persons and engineering infrastructure. Therefore, to ensure the safety of the work performed, it is necessary to have a set of standards that establish the rules for the design of organizational and technological documentation for demolition or dismantling, the performance of work during the liquidation of the facility and strict control over the implementation of technology and safety. The study of the processes of demolition and dismantling of buildings for residential and civil purposes showed that there are many unresolved issues related to the organization of this type of construction work. When organizing liquidation, it is necessary to make scientifically based decisions. The feasibility study is based on taking into account the influence of various factors on the construction industry and evaluating a set of solutions for planning the execution of work. The study of this issue will reduce the costs of organizing this type of work and make science-based decisions. The development of a technical and economic mechanism is a necessity for the development of the modern construction industry.


In October 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) working groups classified the consumption of red meat as 'probably carcinogenic' (Group 2A) and processed meat as 'carcinogenic' (Group 1). It was reported that the consumption of 100 g of red meat or 50 g of processed meat is associated with an increased the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) by 17% and 18%, respectively. The incidence of CRC may be related to causative factors other than meat consumption, such as ethnicity, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, smoking, stress, exercise, medical check-up frequency, and environmental pollution exposure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse the currently available information on the risk of CRC from red and processed meat consumption in Asian countries, particularly in Korea.


( Nb: B ¼ Nb) have been synthesized and characterised by trans- mission electron microscopy, neutron diffraction and magnetometry. Each adopts a perovskite-like structure (space group P 2 1 / n ) with two crystallographically-distinct six-coordinate sites, one occupied by a disordered arrangement of Ni 2 þ and Cu 2 þ and the other by a disordered ~1:2 distribution of Ni 2 þ and B 0 5 þ , although some Cu 2 þ is found on the latter site when x ¼ 0.5. Each composition undergoes a magnetic transition in the range 90 (cid:2) T /K (cid:2) 130 and shows a spontaneous magnetisation at 5K; the transition temperature always exceeds that of the x ¼ 0 composition by (cid:3) 30K. A long-range ordered G-type ferrimagnetic structure is present in each composition, but small relaxor domains are also present. This contrasts with the pure relaxor and spin-glass behaviour of x ¼ 0, B ' ¼ Ta, Nb, respectively.


Objectives: Th e objective of this research was to determine the morphometric characteristics of lateral pterygoid plate, incidence and detailed anatomy of pterygospinous and pterygoalar bony bridges and their correlation with oval foramen. Material and methods: Th e anatomical variations of lateral pterygoid plate were studied at 100 dried human skulls (50 males, 50 females), bilaterally. Th e statistical analyses were conducted according to the side of cranium, gender and age. Results: Th e presence of complete pterygospinous foramen was found in 4% and presence of pterygoalar foramen in 15% of cases. Th e signifi cant diff erence of incomplete pterygospinous bony bridges incidence according to gender has not been confi rmed. However, it has been established higher frequency of complete pterygospinous and pterygoalar foramen, as well as incomplete pterygoalar foramen in men compared with female skulls. Higher frequency of pterygospinous foramen was noticed on male skulls in comparing to female skulls with a ratio 3/1. Th e pterygoalar foramen had left-sided predominance, independently to gender. We found a signifi cantly higher frequency in presence of complete ossifi ed pterygoalar bony bridges on the left side (12% cases), comparing to right side (3% cases) regardless to gender. Conclusion: Ossifi cations of pterygospinous and pterygoalar ligaments aren't as rare as previously thought. While interpreting radiological images and performing procedures that require access to foramen ovale, infratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal region, variable ossifi ed formations at lateral plate's posterior border of pterygoid process should be kept in mind.


When drafting an arbitration clause, both contracting parties should be careful of inserting three factors in the clause ; the seat of arbitration, the institution of arbitration(if institutional arbitration) and the governing arbitration law. Among them, this author, focusing on the institutions, selected the most important and frequently recommended three institutions(ICC, LCIA and AAA) and examined the salient differences among their rules as follows ; First, ICC Rules, unlike the LCIA Rules and AAA International Rules, provide for scrutiny by the ICC Court of Arbitration of all awards before issuance, and they also require the parties and arbitrators to draft and to sign Terms of Reference at the outset of each case. Second, Regarding the institutional role in arbitrator appointment, even if the LCIA and AAA are also internationally-minded in their appointment practice, the ICC, with national committees throughout the world, has a widely dispersed network of information about candidates, and has extensive experienced arbitrators suitable for international disputes. Third, regarding the case administrators, the ICC has multi-lingual international lawyers, who may help the parties in communication and in the interpretations of the arbitration rules. These efficient administrators help the parties saving the expenses and time. Forth, Certain institutions like ICC, LCIA and AAA have developed good reputation over years. Expecially, the ICC, unlike other institutions, scrutinizes awards for formal completeness and adherence to its Rules, so the court would accord the awards rendered by the ICC. Fifth, the arbitration costs(including administrative costs and arbitrators fees) are usually decided by the arbitral tribunal, and its decision is reflected in the award. But both parties, according to the principles of the freedom of contract, may agree the allotment in advance. This paper introduces the model clauses, reflecting several types of allotment, which would be added to the arbitration clauses with the agreement between parties. Finally, this paper emphasized the importance of the choice of institution in relation to the choice of the seat of arbitration. Expecially for the disputes about intellectual property right or domain names, WIPO and ICANN are recommendable respectively, as the confidentiality should be kept. Therefore, when both parties choose the institution they should be kept in mind the above mentioned points for the fair award and its enforcement.


Researches on Laminated Veneer (LV) manufactured from oil palm trunk (OPT) veneers are being developed in line to reduce waste from oil palm biomass. However, there was little information available concerning the effects of adhesives types on tensile shear strength, bonding, shrinkage and swelling of these laminated products from oil palm. The objective of this study was to investigate some of the properties of LV made from OPT using cold setting adhesives namely Emulsion polymer isocyanate copolymer Vinyl acetate (EPI-VAc), Emulsion polymer isocyanate copolymer Styrene butadiene rubber (EPI-SBR) and Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). Three layers of LV were produced based on the lab scale size (23 cm width by 23 cm length by 4.5 mm of each veneer) using two different adhesives spread level; 250 g/m and 500 g/m on single bonding surface of the veneers (single glue line). Adhesives were spread uniformly on the veneers manually. The panels were pressed at 1MPa for different duration. Oil palm trunk LV bonded with EPI-VAc and EPI-SBR was pressed for 30 minutes at a temperature of 30C. Oil palm trunk LV bonded PVAc were pressed for 60 minutes at 30C. Ten replicates were used for each adhesives type. Laminated veneer made from rubberwood was used as a control samples. The anatomy and properties of OPT were also evaluated. The wettability of veneer by an adhesive was measured by the contact angle. From the study, the liquid viscosity and the


Readout-segmented EPI (RS-EPI) with GRAPPA parallel imaging, 2D navigator correction and navigator-based re-acquisition has been used to acquire high resolution diffusion-weighted images with reduced susceptibility artifact and blurring from T2* signal decay compared to single shot EPI (ssEPI) [1-3]. However, for RS-EPI to be used in a clinical setting the scan time must be reduced further to be more comparable with current ssEPI protocols. This study demonstrates that the number of segments can be reduced to 6/11 without significantly compromising image quality by reconstructing missing k-space data with partial Fourier techniques. Homodyne partial Fourier reconstruction [4] versus full k-space acquisition was investigated and image quality and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) comparisons are presented.