Background—Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been used to treat chronic rejection after lung transplantation (LTx). Here, we investigate the effect of ECP on several immune parameters which have been associated with poor lung function, including donor specific antibodies (DSA) to HLA, antibodies (Abs) against the lung associated self-antigens (SAg), Kα1Tubulin (Kα1T), Collagen (Col) I and V and circulating levels of proand anti-inflammatory cytokines. Methods—Sera were collected from post-LTx patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis obliterans both before and 6 months after initiation of ECP. DSA and cytokine levels were measured by Luminex. Changes in lung function over the 6 months preceding and subsequent to the initiation of ECP were measured via retrospective analysis of spirometry performed at routine clinic visits. Results—ECP was associated with a significant decline in DSA levels as well as Abs to lung associated SAg. ECP also reduced circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. These immunological changes were associated with a significant reduction (63%) in the rate of decline in FeV1 over a one year period. Though statistically insignificant, a higher rate of clearance of Abs to lung associated SAg was strongly associated with better response to ECP. © 2014 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Address all correspondence to: T. Mohanakumar, PhD, Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Box 8109, 3328 CSRB, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, Telephone: (314) 362-8463; Fax: (314) 747-1560, firstname.lastname@example.com. Disclosures None of the authors of this manuscript had any relevant financial relationships, arrangements with any commercial entity with interest in the subjects discussed or other conflicts of interest to report. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript J Heart Lung Transplant. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 September 01. Published in final edited form as: J Heart Lung Transplant. 2014 September ; 33(9): 950–956. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2014.04.020. N IH -P A A uhor M anscript N IH -P A A uhor M anscript N IH -P A A uhor M anscript Conclusion—ECP is associated with a reduction in the levels of circulating DSA, Abs to lung associated SAg (Kα1T, Col-I and V) and circulating levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. We propose that these changes contribute to the beneficial effect of ECP in reducing decline in lung function.


The eroded soils of the eastern exposure slope with a steepness of 15-25 ° in the equatorial Andes were studied. Organic matter in soils does not exceed 1.06%. It is established that the content of organic matter depends on the site and the shape of the slope. Concave parts, as well as a sector in the upper part of the slopes, are characterized by the presence of soils with the highest content of organic matter. Whereas the soils on the convex parts of the slope contain a smaller percentage of organic matter. All parts of the slope have a low content of Nitrogen and Phosphorus.


Various issues and problems that exist in society will generate public opinion. Along with the development of technology and mass media, Change.org is a website that became the media for the formation of public opinion, through campaigns that were conducted trying to garner support for public opinion raise, and through change.org allows minority or marginalized groups to voice their opinions. This research would like to see the factors that influence the formation of public opinion through the Change.org media. This research is an explanative survey research, with sampling area in Jakarta and taken 210 people as samples with accident sampling technique. By using SEM analysis, the result shows that formation of public opinion is influenced by the construction of opinion and opinion forming factor. Keywords—public opinion; change.org; marginalized groups


The technology of load balancing is one of four key components with CDN.But the existing load bal-ancing technologies emphasize too much on distributing load evenly among servers without making the best use of the network topological information and the historical information of files accessed.So the information requested by users cannot be acquired in time.To solve the above problem,this paper presents a load balancing algorithm which can effectively complete distributing network contents.Through analyzing the popularity of files with the access history of the clusters of clients from the servers,it effectively distributes the files of high popularity a-mong servers.Besides,it uses the topological information offered by the clients and the topological information of the servers to eventually realize the content routing.As a result,it can make users closely get their requested content so as to relieve the congestion situation in the internet and then enhance the speed of response when users visit websites.


The word "meaning" is commonly thought of as referring in its strict sense only to language; expressions like "the meaning of a certain smile" or, still more, "the meaning of your life" are regarded as metaphor. However, linguistic meaning is only a special case; more generally, meaning can be defined as the association in a nervous system of certain patterns (signs) with others that they call up (referents). However, this definition seems to cover the whole of mental life, for the whole content of our minds is made up of the association of patterns. More precision is needed.


In this paper, the modeling process to fully consider the water storage, deployment, desalination and protection issues, and cost control as the main line, give full consideration to the feasibility and effectiveness, it is reasonable to effectively solve the water problems in China.China accounted for 6% of the total fresh water resources around the world. Shortage of freshwater resources has become an important factor restricting China's development. According to the distribution of the water resources in the mainland, with the aim of protecting the water resources, we give the priority to the earth surface water resource and regard it as the total amount of water resource to do the analysis and movement of the water.


We present lump-type solutions and interaction solutions to an extended (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa-like equation. Three classes of lump-type solutions are obtained by the Hirota bilinear method. ...


Adaptive intelligent fault diagnosis technology can improve the automatic status monitoring capability and the success rate of fault diagnosis. This article proposed an adaptive mode decomposition and noise reduction algorithm (VAMD) that use a variable spectral segmentation framework to optimize analytical mode decomposition (AMD) to automatically decompose the mode information in rotating machinery signals. The framework relies on the variability of the window width and envelope estimation characteristics of the order statistics filter (OSF) to increase the diversity of the center frequencies and bandwidth. A novel harmonic correlation index (HCI) is designed to identify the characteristics of rotating machinery faults from various levels of results and improve the usability in mechanical equipment fault diagnosis. The proposed method has successfully achieved fault diagnosis of rolling bearing.


Based on 2513 survey samples of migrant labors from the rural in 7 cities of Zhejiang province,the paper analyzes the employment status and social security situation of the rural migrant labors by descriptive statistical methods,and establishes an order probit model to explore the factors influencing the migrant labors' willingness to migrate between cities and the differences in gender and generation.The findings show that employment status and social security affect the migrant labor's willingness to migrate between cities.In addition,factors such as family structure,migration and education have significant impact on the migrant labor's willingness to migrate too.The impacts of these factors have differences by gender and generations.


We consider scalar field models of dark energy interacting with dark matter through a coupling proportional to the contraction of the four-derivative of the scalar field with the four-velocity of the dark matter fluid. The coupling is realized at the Lagrangian level employing the formalism of Scalar-Fluid theories, which use a consistent Lagrangian approach for relativistic fluid to describe dark matter. This framework produces fully covariant field equations, from which we can derive unequivocal cosmological equations at both background and linear perturbations levels. The background evolution is analyzed in detail applying dynamical systems techniques, which allow us to find the complete asymptotic behavior of the universe given any set of model parameters and initial conditions. Furthermore we study linear cosmological perturbations investigating the growth of cosmic structures within the quasi-static approximation. We find that these interacting dark energy models give rise to interesting phenomenological dynamics, including late-time transitions from dark matter to dark energy domination, matter and accelerated scaling solutions and dynamical crossing of the phantom barrier. Moreover we obtain possible deviations from standard ΛCDM behavior at the linear perturbations level, which have an impact on the dynamics of structure formation and might provide characteristic observational signatures.


Chromolaena odorata (Syn: Eupatorium odoratum L.) (Asteraceae) is a perennial herb consisting of biologically potent chemical. It is mainly found in the humid tropics and sub-tropics in worldwide. C. odorata displayed allelopathic effects and have been reported to cause livestock death. C. odorata is used against dysentery, malaria, diarrhea, wound healing, toothache and headache in traditional medicine. In the present study, we investigated the assays tested for the presence of several phytochemicals (alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, cardiac glycosides, resins and anthraquinones) in different extracts which included ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether and aqueous. All the extracts were tested against Bacteria. Furthermore, we studied phytochemical screening by QTOF-MS analysis it represents various acids, flavonoids etc. Phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of approximately 20 compounds each from the leaf and stem extracts whereas root consisted of 10 compounds. Among these, the main compounds were Vanillic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Benzoic acid, Genkwanin, Naringenin and Luteolin. The ethanol and methanol extracts were found active alongside the tested bacteria as they showed potential phytochemical constituents. The bacteria, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis showed promising activity against ethanol and methanol leaf, stem and root extracts which proved that the plant extracts are potential candidates for antibiotic resistance against such bacteria. In addition, the Chlorogenic acid present in leaf, stem and root extracts of the plant helps process blood sugar in a way that helps prevent and reduce the number of blood sugar spikes. It also helps boost metabolism, helping people with diabetes maintain a healthy weight.


Aims To re-audit whether community teams are requesting GPs to take over the prescribing of antipsychotic depots for patients who have been stabilised on treatment, in line with Shared Care Pathway protocols by Greater Manchester Medicines Management Group (GMMMG). Methods The sample size was 199 patients open to Rochdale, Heywood and Middleton community mental health team antipsychotic depot clinics. Information was gathered from depot cards, care records and clinical entries on Paris and imputed on an Excel spreadsheet. This was a prospective audit and data collection took place between 01/11/22 and 30/12/22 by the auditors. Microsoft Excel was used to carry out simple percentage analysis by the authors and presented using charts. Results Transfer of prescribing responsibility for first generation antipsychotic had the highest compliance rate with 98% prescribed by GP on shared care protocol for stable patients followed by Paliperidone and Risperidone at 94%. Aripiprazole was the least compliant with 91% prescribed by GP for stable patients as against 100% target. Overall compliance rate for all depot antipsychotics was 96% compared with 83% from original audit in 2020. In comparing the different community teams, one team was compliant by 99% overall in transferring prescribing responsibility to the GP for stable patients and 100% compliant with 1st generation antipsychotics, paliperidone and risperidone. The data showed that CMHT prescribed higher proportion of 2nd generation antipsychotics when compared to original audit. Conclusion This re-audit has demonstrated that overall, there was significant improvement in compliance with GMMMG shared care guidelines by Rochdale community teams from 83% in 2020 to 96% in 2022. However, this does not meet the standard of 100% target for depot antipsychotics as per GMMMG guidelines. In other to ensure that target standards are met a 100%, secondary care prescribers should ensure appropriate transfer of prescribing responsibilities via the shared care protocol to the GP for stable patients are done and also shared with the new team particularly during the transition phase for patients transferred from one team to another who are stable on their current medication.


A 10,000‐dalton calcium‐binding protein (10‐kd CaBP) has been described in the placentae and yolk sacs of rats and mice. This protein is similar or identical to vitamin D‐dependent intestinal CaBP and these proteins have been implicated in the molecular mechanisms of intestinal calcium absorption and transplacental calcium transport. Using an antiserum to the purified 10‐kd rat intestinal CaBP, the localization of CaBP in the 16–17‐day mouse yolk sac and placenta was studied immunocytochemically with peroxidase‐antiperoxidase labelling and quantified by radial immunodifussion. A high concentration of immunolabelling was observed in the endodermal cells of the intraplacental yolk sac lining the sinuses of Duval. The columnar endodermal cells lining one side of the endodermal sinuses adjacent to fetal vessels contained most of the immunoreactive label. Quantitation by radial immunodiffusion demonstrated a 5.5‐fold higher concentration of CaBP in the portion of the placenta containing most of the intraplacental yolk sac than in the maternal half of the placenta. This demonstration of a 10‐kd CaBP within the intraplacental yolk sac suggests this protein functions to facilitate placental calcium transport and is the first study which directly supports the hypothesis of a functional role for the sinuses of Duval in calcium transport.


Moreover, well-known works by Marie-Louise von Franz and other scholars have long established the validity of a Jungian approach to interpreting folk narratives. As creative virtualities that make up the formative, structuring dynamism of the human psyche, archetypes manifest themselves in primordial images expressed in universally disseminated symbols found in the religions, myths, and folk traditions of all communities. Jungian scholars therefore have long considered folk narratives a treasure trove for their research. Yet it is not always easy to accept all the symbolic meanings assigned to the recurrent, archetypical images that are present in folktales. It is equally difficult to acknowledge the Jungian notion of folk narratives as spontaneous utterances of the unconscious about itself, since it implies that the narratives were created by individual storytellers completely independent of any tradition. Significantly enough, some Jungian scholars have admitted that their interpretation is their way of telling stories. While this statement by no means diminishes the insight provided by Jungian approaches to folklore study, it attests to an awareness of their limitations. It thus remains arguable whether psychological concepts, such as archetypes, "can and should be used as indexing devices," as Hasan El-Shamy claims. Notwithstanding the reservations about the Jungian tendency, this collection of excellent essays on numerous motifs will prove very useful for scholars in various disciplines. Harold Neemann University of Wyoming


Prediction of the fatigue life of thermal barrier coatings in gas turbines. Modelling and experimental verification : Paper No. GT2003-38285


The impact of pesticides on the environment and human health is a serious matter of concern. The present study focusses on the teratogenic effect of pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and glyphosate (GLY) on the pregnant rats and their offspring during gestation and lactation period. The female rats were exposed to these pesticides (CPF and GLY) throughout their pregnancy at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The biochemical markers and lipid profile of pesticides exposed pregnant rats were analyzed. The maternal and reproductive outcome was also assessed followed by rat pups morphometric analysis. A significant alteration in the blood glucose level, triglycerides, total Original Research Article Upadhyay et al.; JPRI, 32(23): 133-145, 2020; Article no.JPRI.61413 134 cholesterol, SGOT, and SGPT levels were observed in pesticide exposed groups. The body weight, crown-rump length, eye length, eye width, hind limb, and forelimb size of rat neonates were significantly found to be lower in the pesticide exposed group when compared with the control animals. Morphological abnormalities like microcephaly, microtia, micromelia, dysmorphogenesis, distorted axis abdominal, and brain hemorrhages were observed in pesticide exposed rat neonates. Skeletal observations of the CPF exposed group show disruptive malformations, wavy ribs, and curved spinal cord. Intraventricular and spinal cord hemorrhages were observed in 21 days old rat pups in GLY treated group. Findings of the present study indicate that exposure to pesticides during the gestation period causes the morphological abnormalities in rat fetuses by altering the mechanisms involved in growth and development. Thus, on the basis of observed results, we concluded the teratogenic effects of CPF and GLY in rats.


Graphium doson has 3~4 generations in Zhejiang each year,and overwinters with pupae on the leaf back.The larva harms the Magnolia grandiflora and Michelia figo tender leaves and buds,the adult emerges in every month during Apr.~Oct.The eggs are produced separately on the edge of leaf face,one egg on every leaf usually,2 eggs are found occassionally on every leaf.The larva has 5 instars totally,the fifthinstar larva harms most seriously,can take 4~6 pieces of M.figo tender leaves for eating every day,the mature larva pupates on the old leaf back,a part of pupaes produced by the 2nd generation own the phenomenon of diapausing over the summer.


Background: Chest X-ray continues to have an important role in diagnosis of heart diseases. Aim of Study: We aim by this the study to evaluate the use of chest X-ray in the Pediatric Cardiology Unit in Assiut University Children Hospital for children (1-4 years old) with suspected heart disease. Patients and Methods: This was a six-month, case series clinical study undertaken in the inpatient Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut City, Egypt; between 1 of April 2016 to 30 of September 2016. Results: Chest X-ray is an important tool in evaluating heart disease in children. Noninvasive imaging such as echocardiography and cardiac MRI provide valuable and detailed assessment of the cardiovascular system; however, the cost incurred from these diagnostic procedures is significant making their routine use difficult. Conclusion: Auditing the guidelines of interpretation of the chest radiograph for children aged one year to four years at the Pediatric Cardiology Unit of Assiut University Hospital for Children, it could be concluded: Chest roentgenogram is accurate in detecting cardiac site and situs.


AbstractOver more than the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in the economic role and potential of the media. Within the context of "Information Society" and other policy initiatives, policymakers as well as investors have placed an increasing stress on the economic role of the media and cultural industries.This paper deals with the de- and reregulation of the mass media sector, and the pros and, in particular, the cons of the market approach. The mass media sector displays typical characteristics of traditional market failure and, at the same time, provides output with strong political relevance. Therefore public policy measures are even more important than in other industries. Historically, state regulation of the media sector (at least in Europe) has been politically and economically broadly accepted. At this time media output was still a "national" good. This paper will show how political and economic changes led to commercialisation and privatisation of the media sector at an internatio...


India is known as the 'The home of spices'. There is no other country in the world that produces as many kinds of spices as India. The climate of the country is suitable for almost all spices. The study was conducted in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh state during the year 2011-12. Out of 4 blocks of Raipur district, only Abhanpur block was selected purposively for the present study, because chilli is cultivated in maximum area in this block. Out of total chilli growers in each selected village, 30 per cent farmers from each village were selected randomly, thus the total 160 farmers were selected for the present study. It was found that the majority the respondents (68.76%) utilized medium level of sources of information they were used 4 to 10 sources i.e. neighbors/ friends/relatives, progressive farmers, training and visit, RAEOs/ADOs, radio, T.V, news paper/pamphlet, village panchayat, Krishi Vigyan Kendra and Agriculture university. On source wise analysis it was found that the majority of the respondents (55.00%) always contacted neighbours/friends/relatives, 43.13 per cent contacted progressive farmers, and 21.25 per cent of the respondents used others always as a source of information regarding recommended chilli production technology. It was found that out of the total respondents majority (61.88%) of them had medium level of knowledge regarding recommended chilli production technology. Whereas 25.62 per cent and 12.50 per cent of the respondents were having low and high level of knowledge respectively. The study showed medium level of knowledge regarding recommended chilli production technology i.e. preparation of nursery (83.13%), identification of respondents had low level of knowledge regarding selected practices of chilli production technology i.e. seed rate (46.25%), storage (41.88%) While73.12% of the respondents having high level of knowledge of selected practices were i.e. time of transplanting and time of picking of chilli.


For the past years, the surplus of trade item in the balance of payments of China has been decreasing, while the deficit of the service item has been increasing. Thus, the surplus of current account of China has also been decreasing dramatically, so that, to the substantial extent, the disequilibrium of balance of payments and the sluggish growth of international reserve of China have had to be replenished with the net inflow of the capital and financial items. This situation is running just like the balance of payments of America. After looking into the different developmental characteristics of America's and China's balance of payments as well as the different social and economic backgrounds, author holds that, although the maintenance approach of the equilibrium of America has a certain feasibility, China mustn't follow the pattern.


The anomalous localization of wave functions is numerically studied using a one-dimensional chaotic field with a long range correlation. The level statistics of energy eigenvalues and the distribution of Lyapunov exponents are discussed from the viewpoint of multi-fractal analysis and large deviation theory.


Volcanic‐hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits of the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt of New South Wales represent a VHMS district of major importance. Despite the metallogenic importance of this terrane, few data have been published for sulfur isotope distribution in the deposits, with the exception of previously published studies on Captains Flat and Woodlawn (Captains Flat‐Goulburn Trough) and Sunny Corner (Hill End Trough). Here is presented 105 new sulfur isotope analyses and collation of a further 92 analyses from unpublished sources on an additional 12 of the VHMS systems in the Hill End Trough. Measured δ34S values range from ‐7.4% to 38.3%, mainly for massive and stockwork mineralisation. Sulfur isotope signatures for polymetallic sulfide mineralisation from the Lewis Ponds, Mt Bulga, Belara and Accost deposits (group 1) are all very similar and vary from ‐1.7% to 5.9%. Ore‐forming fluids for these deposits were likely to have been reducing, with sulfur derived largely from a magmatic source, either as a direct magmatic contribution accompanying felsic volcanism or indirectly through dissolution and recycling of rock sulfide in host volcanic sequences. Sulfur isotope signatures for sulfide mineralisation from the Calula, Commonwealth, Cordillera and Kempfield deposits, Peelwood mine and Sunny Corner (group 2) are similar and have average δ34S values ranging from 5.4% to 8.1%. These deposits appear to have formed from ore fluids that were more oxidising than group 1 deposits, representing a mixed contribution of sulfur derived from partial reduction of seawater sulfate, in addition to sulfur from other sources. The δ34S values for massive sulfides from the John Fardy deposit are the highest in the present study and have a range of 11.9–14.5%, suggesting a greater component of sulfur of seawater origin compared to other VHMS deposits in the Hill End Trough. For barite the sulfur isotope composition for samples from the Commonwealth, Stringers and Kempfield deposits ranges from 12.6% to 38.3%. More than 75% of barite samples have a sulfur isotope composition between 23.4 and 30.6%, close to the previously published estimates of the composition of seawater sulfate during Late Silurian to earliest Devonian times, providing supporting evidence that these deposits formed concurrently with the Late Silurian volcanic event. Sulfur isotope distribution appears to be independent of the host rock unit, although there appears to be a relation linking the sulfur isotope composition of different deposits to defined centres of felsic volcanism. The Mt Bulga, Lewis Ponds and Accost systems are close to coherent felsic volcanic rocks and/or intrusions and have sulfur isotope signatures with a stronger magmatic affinity than group 2 deposits. By contrast, group 2 deposits (including John Fardy) are characterised by 34S‐enrichment and a lesser magmatic signature, are generally confined to clastic units and reworked volcanogenic sediments with lesser coherent volcanics in the local stratigraphy, and are interpreted to have formed distal from the magmatic source. An exception is the Belara deposit, which is hosted by reworked felsic volcanic rocks and has a more pronounced magmatic sulfur isotope signature.


To investigate the problem of entity recognition, we deal with the creation of the so-called Entity Name System (ENS) which is an open, public back-bone infrastructure for the (Semantic) Web that enables the creation and systematic re-use of unique identifiers for entities. The ENS can be seen as a very large, distributed "phonebook for everything", and ENS identifiers might be considered as a "phone number" of entities. Entity descriptions are based on freeform key/value "tagging" rather than on some precise formalism. However, such a genericity has its shortcomings: the ENS can never know what type of entity it is dealing with. We tackle this problem in a novel approach for entity matching that is called Feature Based Entity Matching (FBEM). In the current paper, we report an evaluation of FBEM on datasets provided by the OAEI committee for the instance matching contest.


This paper of reflection shows the importance of effective communication within organizations, and how it leverages the actions for continuous improvement of processes, and that through the dynamics of Intellectual Capital (Human Capital, Structural Capital and Relational Capital) at the firm are structured innovations in products and processes, thereby responding to rapid changes in the market and increase the ability to comply with the rates and requirements. As well, presented as knowledge management in organizations provided results, practical and efficient methods in the value chain, then it illustrates the importance of organizational communication as a platform for the generation, dissemination and appropriation of knowledge, ending in the third section showing the relationship between the continuous improvement of management and organizational communication.


The sulfite precipitation technic for fibrinogen has been modified to assay micro-volumes of plasma and eliminate interference from bilirubin. The precipitated fibrinogen is dissolved in urea and reacted with a modified biuret reagent. The resulting biuret complex may be read at 320 or 540 mµ. Bilirubin interference is eliminated by an oxidation step employing NaOCl and citric acid. The values obtained by the modified technics compare favorably with each other and with the macroprocedure.


A traditional digital analysis imply that, with stand alone forensic workstations, analyst are able to achieve a assortment of forensic tasks in sequence, next to limited datasets extract starting target artifact, and assess correspondent results. As a outcome, there is an urgent require to discover novel solution to get better digital examination effectiveness. To solve the concern outline more than, the paper describe an investigative platform for distributed forensic data processing, intended at taking benefit of together mobility and cloud computing capabilities. We integrate logs besides the log with our proof-of-concept application. After an occurrence has been detected and report in a distributed environment such as the Cloud, it is complex to recognize locations where evidence can be collect. Our technique involved in conduct a digital forensic search in the Cloud as well exhibit how the technique nearby in this research minimizes terms of monitory values. An examination of cloud service usage, the efficiency of acquirement methods, an considerate of commercial cloud environment, an investigation of cloud forensic management. furthermore, we experiment on dissimilar accumulators to discover the best fitted accumulate or algorithm.


Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the technique of choice to investigate the distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) inside cells and tissues, providing essential information on their actual spatial relationships with biological structural components. In order to track NPs in the biological environment, they must be unequivocally visualised. This is easily obtained for NPs containing electron dense components such as metal ions, but it may be difficult for NPs made of organic components such as polymers or lipids: in fact, their moderate electron density makes them hardly detectable in the interand intracellular space. In previous studies, we solved this problem by labelling chitosan-based and phospholipidic NPs with fluorochromes, and subsequently applying the diaminobenzidine photo-oxidation technique. This method gives rise to a finely granular electron dense product thanks to the reactive oxygen species originating upon fluorochrome irradiation, thus allowing a very precise labelling of NPs at the ultrastructural level [1, 2]. However, in the absence of appropriate fluorochrome labelling or in the presence of a marked background, diaminobenzidine photo-oxidation cannot be applied. We recently faced this problem with hyaluronic acid-based (HA) NPs. As an alternative approach, we set up a novel application of a long-established histochemical technique suitable for revealing glycosaminoglycans, i.e., the critical electrolyte concentration method of Alcian Blue (AB) staining [3].


The battle for the growing markets of internet TV is far from ended. In this post, Silvia Elaluf-Calderwood analyses the overview and current situation of one of the key players–Netflix–and offers conclusions based on their strategy of expansion in the European market. "Internet TV is replacing linear TV. Apps are replacing channels, remote controls are disappearing, and screens are proliferating. As Internet TV grows from millions to billions, Netflix is leading the way around the world." Neflix, 2013


Three known species of scale insects belonging to the genus Matsucoccus occur on pine trees in northeastern North America: M. gallicolis Morr., on pitch pine, Pinus rigida Mill., and scrub pine, Pinus virginiana Mill. (Parr, 1939); M. resinosae Bean and Godwin on red pine, P. resinosa Ait. (Bean and Godwin, 1955); and M. macrocicatrices Richards on eastern white pine, P. strobus L. (Richards, 1960). This last species. in contrast with the others, is closely associated with the fungus Septobasidium pinicola Snell. From 1957 to 1959 personnel of the Forest Insect Laboratory, Sault Ste. Marie, and the Forest Biology Laboratory, Fredericton, collected some 500 specimens from 21 areas in Ontario and the Maritime Provinces. These collections, augmented by herbarium specimens provided by the Forest Pathology Laboratory, Maple, from five other areas in Ontario, not only the insect specimens necessary for the dercription of the species, but information on its biology and distribution.


A bra or other garment pad for breast support has a top fabric layer, a top polyurethane foam layer adhered to the top fabric layer and a nipple concealing disk of shaved polyurethane foam adhered to or formed as part of the top foam layer. The disk is at a nipple covering location of an outer perimeter of the pad and is substantially circular, and is spaced inwardly on all sides from the outer perimeter of the pad. The disk has a graduated thickness at a minimum at the disk perimeter and increasing to a maximum at its center. A substantially 100% spandex fabric layer is adhered to the inner surface of the top foam layer and disk and a bottom polyurethane foam layer is adhered to an inner surface of the spandex layer with a fabric lining layer adhered to the bottom foam layer.


This paper describes a broadband, doubled balanced diode ring mixer IC. The RF/LO frequency range is 18 to 40 GHz and the IF DC to 8 GHz. This chip is fabricated on the 0.15μm pHEMT GaAs process which is offered by WIN semiconductor. The modified Marchand balun is used to provide the differential signals for the mixer. The chip successfully get a conversion loss less than 12dB and decent LO to IF isolation of nearly over 20dB. The mixer's size is around 1.10mm×0.75mm.


Whitney Cox, Politics, Kingship, and Poetry in Medieval South India: Moonset on Sunrise Mountain, Cambridge University Press, New Delhi (South Asian Edition), 2017, 309 + i–xv pp., ₹470.


Today, designing without the use of a CAD system is almost impracticable. CAD systems enable faster and more accurate production of technical documentation, which significantly shortens the design process. This is very important given that the increased competitiveness of manufacturers in the market depends to a large extent on the speed of development of the new product. This paper generally describes the capabilities of the CAE / CAD / CAM system in the process of new product development, and what are the advantages of implementing a CAD system in the process of constructing a neutral hospitality equipment, or how certain jobs that were until recently complicated and time consuming today with the
 help of software tools are realized relatively quickly and efficiently.


An experimental area has been established for studying the ecological reconstruction and reclamation in China's Fushun coalmine where coal resource in this mine is almost exhausted now and parts of the surrounding land have undergone subsidence. The experimental area is a large subsided area that has been filled in with gangues (matrix) wastes and then covered with ~80 cm of topsoil. The resulting land was used to grow crops. A grid method was employed to guide sampling of different types of topsoil, covering different depths and reconstruction ages (2, 4, 6 and 8 years). The spatial and temporal variations in nutrient elements and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr and Cd) in the soil were studied. Nutrients (N, P and K) in the topsoil recovered quickly after reclamation, whereas the heavy metal content decreased with time (except Cd). Nutrient levels were the highest in the top 30 cm of the topsoil and decreased with depth, as a result of the usage of fertilizer and manure. In contrast, the heavy metal contents (except Mn) of the topsoil (0 to 30 cm) were higher than those at depths of 30 to 80 cm, suggesting the high heavy metals were not from the gangues.

 Key words: Heavy metals, soil nutrients, reclamation, coalmine, pollution, subsidence.


ASP modules constitute the basis of a parallel computing technology platform for the rapid development of a broad range of numeric and symbolic information processing systems. Based on off-the-shelf general-purpose hardware and software modules ASP technology is intended to increase productivity in the development (and competitiveness in the marketing) of cost-effective low-MIMD/high-SIMD Massively Parallel Processor (MPPs). The paper discusses ASP module philosophy and demonstrates how ASP modules can satisfy the market algorithmic architectural and engineering requirements of such MPPs. In particular two specific ASP modules based on VLSI and WSI technologies are studied as case examples of ASP technology the latter reporting 1 TOPS/fl3 1 GOPS/W and 1 MOPS/$ as ball-park figures-of-merit of cost-effectiveness.


The complete sequence of gene ftsq from Arthrobacter strain A3 was amplified via TAIL-PCR. The gene ftsq sequence homology,FtsQ transmembrane domain and spatial structure were analyzed by Bioinformatics software. Sequencing result shows that the ftsq gene is 1035 bp in size encoding 344 amino acids. The ftsq sequence homology shows that the kinship between ftsq of Arthrobacter strain A3 and that of Corynebacterium glutamicum,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,or Streptomyces coelicolor is nearly,but is far from ftsq of Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis,Streptococcus pneumoniae,or Caulobacter crescentus. FtsQ is a one-time membrane protein consisting of a fairly long cytoplasmic domain( residues 1 to 114),a transmembrane segment( TMS; residues 115 to 139) and a periplasmic domain( residues 140 to 344). FtsQ spatial structure prediction reveals cytoplasmic domain and transmembrane segment spatial structure is missed,and the structure of periplasmic domain contains α-helix,β-sheet and loop. Conclusively,the cytoplasmic domain of Arthrobacter strain A3 FtsQ is different to that of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis in length and spatial structure. Arthrobacter A3,which lacks the initial FtsZ-stabilizing proteins FtsA,might use FtsQ unique cytoplasmic tails to resolve this deficiency. Arthrobacter A3 ftsq may be essential only in the extreme environment,for example,under ionization,radiation and cold conditions. The ftsq is likely not be required for growth under rich medium,temperature of 20 ℃. In Arthrobacter A3,FtsQ may link cytoplasmic and periplasmic cell division proteins. It appears to be required for maintaining the appropriate frequency of septum formation at correctly positioned sites; FtsQ takes part in synthesis of the peptidoglycan,where FtsQ might guide the inward invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane to produce the daughter cells and build a thicker cell wall to adapt to extreme environment.


Abstract This research hypothesizes that changes in command and control along with increased levels of trust and training led to a stronger response in Colorado's 2013 Black Forest fire than that of the 2012 Waldo Canyon fire. Because the fires were categorized as the worst in the region's history, and because they occurred in very close succession, in roughly the same area, involving many of the same responders, the fires provide valuable insights into how the response system adapted, or failed to adapt, to overcome key events under both scenarios. The study found that the ability to tailor command and control and supporting response structures to a particular event instead of using traditional rigid frameworks were instrumental to a more effective response. The study goes on to suggest that even though the Black Forest fire was met with an improved response, a systems approach is needed to better accommodate increasingly complex future events.


This article features the service learning program at Bentley College in Waltham, Massachusetts. Service-learning at Bentley plays a vital, ever-growing role in the education of our students–tomorr...


Abstract Full sovereignty has long seemed the logical if not inevitable outcome of any decolonization process, but alternative options have gradually become both more acceptable and more likely. The option of integration in, or some form of permanent association with, the former colonizer is now considered perfectly legitimate. This applies particularly to small islands. The trajectory of post-World War II decolonization in the Caribbean is an obvious case in point. This article discusses costs and benefits in Caribbean decolonization in general, analyses the past decolonization process of the Dutch Caribbean—initially comprising Suriname and the six-island Netherlands Antilles—and considers the recent developments in the relationship between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and its remaining Caribbean territories. Strong commonalities exist both in the challenges facing the remaining British and Dutch sub-national island jurisdictions in the Caribbean and in the metropolitan responses to these.


This note describes a method to calculate sets of safe initial conditions for polytopic linear systems subject to slowly-varying unobservable disturbances. Such sets are herein called admissible sets; invariant sets are admissible but admissible sets are not necessarily invariant. By examining conditions for admissible sets of this particular system class, we prove that admissible sets can be calculated by only considering a special property that we call \emph{the $\lambda$-proximal-contraction property} at the vertices of the set that bounds the slowly-varying disturbances. An academic example is used to illustrate how to apply the method, and a discussion follows that summarizes the main points.


Previous examination of the topography of a homogenous Vesta revealed an immense, seemingly abnormal impact crater near the south pole of the asteroid. The crater appeared anomalously shallow, with an extremely tall central peak, suggesting an unusual formation or subsequent modification. Conversely, Vesta is almost certainly differentiated, and we incorporate this notion to reexamine its topography. We find that the central peak is well below the crater rim and that the overall depth of the crater increases, giving it a more ordinary profile. The large density contrast between the metallic core and the overlying silicate layers has the strongest control on the topography. As previously discussed, the location of the crater at the south pole suggests polar wander, necessitating a mechanical structure that allows reorientation of Vesta's large rotational bulge yet preserves the crater's shape, a possibly restrictive scenario. NASA's Dawn spacecraft may observe tectonics consistent with polar wander.


Long-term imaging via microfluidic chambers shows that two minus end–directed motors, dynein and Klp2, work in parallel at distinct subcellular structures to promote efficient nuclear congression.


AbstractIn this work a practical method is proposed for detection water contamination in gasoline. Methylene blue crystal was added to the gasoline samples and shaked, the blue colour developed in water phase indicating water contamination. Phthalate ester was detected by the GelMS in the water contamined sample. Water contamination was found in one of the three samples tested. The identified hydrocarbons by the GelMS analysis were: 12 aliphatic, 21 aromatic compounds in normal and 9 aliphatic, 19 aromatic compounds in super type of gasoline. Tetra ethyl lead which is usually added to gasoline, was also detected in all the samples ..


AIM:To analyze the effect of three kinds of method on different types of Pilon fracture and advance the beat treatment plan.METHODS:From March 1989 to August 2000,107 patients were regarded as having Pilon fracture by two hospitals,among which 76 cases were followed up.They were divided into three groups according to treatment method.A group included 24 cases with the treatment of manual reduction,traction of calcaneus and plaster exopexy.B group included 30 cases with the treatment of AO key-shaped anatomical steal plate.C group included 22 cases with the treatment of limited internal fixation combined with exopexy stand.RESULTS:After 6months to 8years follow-up,it was found that three kinds of treatment methods had obvious differences on the complications and effects of different types of fracture.In A group,the excellent and good rate of treatment on I type fracture was 70%,Ⅱ type was 25%,Ⅲ type was 0%.In B group,the excellent and good rate of treatment on I type fracture was 78.6%,Ⅱ type s 87.5%,Ⅲ type was 37.5%.In C group,the excellent and good rate of treatment on I type was 75%,Ⅱ type was 80%.CONCLUSION:Summarizing kinds of factors,the treatment of A group applied in I type fracture,B group applied in Ⅱ type fracture and C group applied in Ⅲ type fracture.


This study is designed for library classification of the tourism. Contents studies are summarized as follows. First, an analysis of the current status of classification and items by a key work `tourism` in KDC, NDC, DDC, UDC, and LCC which are main library classification tables today indicates that they are too limited to travelling and tourism, tourism policy, and tourist attractions etc. Second, we divided areas studies newly based on the theoretical books in order to extract the classification items of the tourism field, and comparatively analyzed main library classification systems today. We divided basic categories of the classification items into four including tourism general, tourists, tourism attraction, tourism media. Third, a new classification was designed for library classification of the tourism field. Basically, the tourism field was assigned to the main four items and the classification items which were weighted or scattered were adjusted.


A rapid, near-infrared spectroscopic method to predict the crude protein contents of 72 field pea lines grown in Saskatchewan, both whole seeds and ground samples, was established. Correlation coefficients between the laboratory and predicted values were 0.938 and 0.952 for whole seed and ground seed, respectively. Both methods developed are adequate to support our field pea breeding programme. Key words: Field pea, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, crude protein


DLR performed flight tests with retro-fit modifications for noise reduction on its Airbus
A320 research aircraft ATRA. Phased array measurements were performed in 2016 with the
baseline aircraft and in 2019 with the noise modified aircraft. The array data were processed
with acoustic source localisation methods based on the deconvoluton of beamforming maps
for moving sources. The resulting sound source maps show the distribution of the sound
sources on the aircraft for three emission angles, in the forward arc, overhead, and in the
rear arc. Frequency spectra for individual source regions like the engine inlet, the nozzle,
and the jet are averaged over all fly-overs in the same configuration for the baseline and
the modified aircraft. The comparison of the baseline with the modified aircraft data for
the engine nozzle and jet regions confirms that the modified nozzle reduces jet noise.


Based on the genetic algorithm and limit equilibrium method of slope stability analysis, a global optimal algorithm suitable for evaluating the reliability of rock slope or earth slope is established in this paper. Since this optimization method can overcome the shortcomings that result from traditional optimization methods, it is suitable for searching for all objective functions and critical slip surfaces of slopes with a complex earth property. This method has applied in the slope stability analysis of Yamansu Iron Open pit, Xingjiang, and obtained satisfactory results.


Review(s) of: Outside country: Histories of Inland Australia, edited by Alan Mayne and Stephen Atkinson, 360 pp, Wakefield Press, Adelaide, 2011, ISBN 9781862549609, $34.95.


Routing in ad hoc wireless networks does not simply consist in finding a route with shortest length (as in wired networks with virtually error-free communication links), but it requires the creation of a stable and good quality communication route to avoid any unnecessary packet loss. In this paper,we discuss physical layer-oriented routing in ad hoc wireless networks, and we analyse the potential advantages of combining the use of power control (PC) with the chosen routing strategy. More precisely, we propose a modified ad hoc on-demand distance vector (MAODV) routing protocol, with and without PC, derived from the AODV-routing protocol by considering the bit error rate at the end of a multi-hop path as the metric to be minimised for route selection. In other words, we consider routing with a physical layer-oriented quality of service criterion, and we analyse the system performance in scenarios with either strong line-of-sight (LOS) or shadowed communications. Although in a scenario with strong LOS communications there are a few cases where the MAODV-PC protocol offers the best performance, in the presence of shadowed communications the proposed physical layer-oriented strategy is not attractive.


This paper deals with three phase induction motor drive (IMD) using field oriented control (FOC) for water pumping fed by solar PV array. It is includes solar PV array, a voltage source inverter (VSI) and a motor-pump assembly. The aim is to extract maximum power from the PV array as well as control the motor in rotor reference frame. The soft start feature is used for the initial start-up of pump. For extraction of maximum power, an adaptive incremental conductance method is used. The tangent of the power versus voltage curve is tracked for good estimation of maximum power point(MPP). The vector control provides smooth startup and starting current is reduced. Proposed system is designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software. Simulated results are demonstrated for verification of the system.


The allegory in Philo of Alexandria is an exegetical method aimed at revealing the transcendental truths in the Pentateuch. This practice is based on a reconstruction of the meaning in different hierarchies of the interpretation which incorporate the Jewish-Hellenic tradition as a means to create a theological system that accounts for the philosophical basis of the Jewish monotheism.


In this paper, a distributed algorithm for localization and tracking in wireless sensor network is designed and implemented. Combining the fingerprint approach and subgradient optimization, the proposed algorithm, called golf algorithm, uses different strategies to attain fast movement for tracking a moving object and a fine tune to approach a stationary object, like a drive and a putt on the putting green in the golf. Based on the WLS objective function, a recursive form for both the fingerprint approach and subgradient optimization is derived and can be accomplished by anchor nodes in collaboration. From simulation results, we can see the proposed algorithm has better estimation performance than the conventional decentralized algorithms to localize a stationary or moving target in large wireless sensor networks. In addition, its hardware architecture is designed. The CORDIC operation is employed to compute the vector norm. Parallel processing is used to handle the calculation of fingerprint data. The tracking trajectories of the floating-point program and fixed-point hardware implementation are shown to be quite similar with small finite precision effect, which verifies the feasibility of this hardware solution.


New method of testing hypotheses on distribution of multi-dimensional statistical data of large volume is considered. The possibility of replacing the hypothesis test on the identity of two laws of multivariate random values distribution with the hypothesis test on the equality of pattern recognition error with value 0,5 is proved. To test this hypothesis, the technique of trustworthy assessment of pattern recognition error probability or Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used. Training sample is generated by statistical data of the compared distribution laws. Under conditions of large volumes of statistical data synthesis of nonparametric algorithm of pattern recognition is carried out on the basis of regression estimates of probability densities of random values distribution in classes. Proposed algorithms of pattern recognition allow reducing the amount of training sample due to decomposition of the range of random quantities values. Method of selection of decomposition optimal parameters of independent random values range is considered. The closest analogue of the proposed approach is the Pearson's chi-squared test.


T he story of former neo-Fascist terrorist Pierluigi Concutelli has attracted attention on account of his recently published memoirs, although his was already the sort of household name that could not be uttered without evoking feelings of horror. In Italy's terrorist nebula of the 1970s, he is a secondary figure, cited exclusively in connection with the assassination of the judge Vittorio Occorsio, which he carried out as a chief operative of the network of the sulfurous neoNazi partisan Stefano Delle Chiaie. It was not until after he was meted out a life sentence for the judge's murder that he acquired a sinister fame as an implacable jail executioner—i.e., one of those lifers with nothing to lose, who could be counted on to silence "problematic" criminals within the prison walls. Two such incarcerated Fascists, one of whom was implicated in a key bombing episode and was allegedly willing "to squeal," were "casually" transferred to Concutelli's detention place, where he strangled them to death with shoe laces, one in 1981 and the other 1982. GUIDO GIACOMO PREPARATA


Even though Korean medical law stipulates that number of patients attended by a nurse is 2.5 for hospitalization and 30 for ambulatory care, the number of patients cared by a nurse per day is much greater than the standard prescribed by the medical law. Current productivity of nurses is not desirable unless the quality of care is considered. And nursing manpower staffing based on neither current nurses' productivity nor standard of medical law cannot respond properly to dynamic situation of the medical services. Under this background, the necessity of more efficient management of nursing manpower occupying 1/3 of total hospital workers has been recognized by many nursing administrators. Many nursing researchers have studied to foretell the nursing manpower objectively on the basis of measured nursing workload according to patient classification as well. Most of These researches, however, have been conducted in the tertiary hospitals, so it is imperative to conduct other researches to predict necessary nursing manpower in the secondary and the primary hospitals. The study was performed to measure nursing workload and predict pertinent nursing manpower to a secondary hospital with 400beds. Nursing workload was surveyed using measuring tool for direct and indirect care hours in a surgical unit and a medical unit. Survey was conducted from Sep.10 to Sep.16 and from Oct.5 to Oct.11, 1994 respectively by two skilled nurses, Subjects were patients, patients' family members and nursing personnels. Results are follows : 1. Patient classification distributed as 22% of class I (mildly ill patient), 57% of class II (moderately ill patient), and 21% of class III (acutely ill patient) in the medical nursing unit, while 23% of class I, 29% of class II, 12% of class III, and 36% of classIV (critically ill patient) in the surgical nursing unit. There was no difference of inpatient number between weekday and weekend. Bed circulation rate was 89% in both units and average patients number per day was 37.4 (total 42beds) in the medical nursing unit, 32.9 (total 37beds) in the medical nursing unit. 2. Direct care hours per day measured as 2.8hrs for class I, 3.3hrs for class II, and 3.5hrs for class III in the medical nursing unit, while 3.1hrs for class I, 3hrs for class II, 2.7hrs for class III, and 2.2hrs for classIV in the surgical nursing unit. Meanwhile, hours for nursing assistant activities per patient by patients' family members were 11mins and 200mins respectively. Direct care hour rate by shift was day 36%, evening 25%, and night 39% in the medical nursing unit, while 40%, 29%, and and 31% respectively in the surgical nursing unit. 3. Measurement and observation activity held 44.2% of direct care activities of nurses and medication 36.7%, communication 11.7%, exercise 1.8%, treatment 1.3%, hygiene 1.3%, elimination and irrigation 1.1%, suction 1%, nutrition 0.5%, thermotherapy 0.3%, oxygen therapy 0.1% in order. 4. Indirect care hours per day were 294.2mins in the medical nursing unit, and 273.9mins in the surgical nursing unit. By shift, evening was the highest in both units. Indirect care hours for each patient were 44.5mins in the medical nursing unit and 46mins in the surgical nursing unit. 5. checking activities including doctor's order, medication, and delivering patients to the next shift occupied 39.7% of indirect care activities, and preparation 26%, recording 23.8%, communication and conference 6.7%, managing equipments 2.1%, messenger activity 1.7% in order. 6. On the ground of these results, nursing manpower needed in a secondary hospital was estimated ; 27 nursing personnels for the medical nursing unit of 37beds, and 20 nursing personnels for the surgical nursing unit of 33beds.


For the first time, AC lifetime in Si-cap/Ge and GeO2/Ge pMOSFETs is investigated and it must not be predicted by the conventional DC stress method with a measurement delay. This is because the energy alternating defects are generated in Ge devices but not in Si, which introduces additional generation under DC stress.


Gain and laser output power of an electron beam pumped Ar-N 2 mixture were measured over the temperature range 25 to 350°C. The gain is about 0.6 cm-1at room temperature, and increases to almost 1 cm-1at 250°C. The laser performance at elevated temperatures was determined using a specially designed high temperature resonator. The fluorescence yield and laser output are found to decrease monotonically with temperature.


The four DataWatches in this issue of Health Affairs provide data on several aspects of medical education. First, Paul Jolly of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) gives an in-depth...


This project presents a proposal for the creation of management indicators focused on measuring the management of companies in the manufacturing sector under the PHVA approach. The presented methodology covers four sequential stages, starting with the identification and analysis of the processes of the quality management system, from which the process map is structured as an example for the development of quality management indicators. Continuing with the identification of the critical activities in each process and the key success factors or components of the quality policies from which the objectives of the organization are developed and the indicator is designed according to the characterization sheet


The sample surveys of the component of village committee in shaoguan city indicate the proportion of women in village committee is few and rural women in minor position have weak political awareness, as isnt apparent causation with the level of economic development in local. The surveys as well reveal the barriers of womens participation in political affairs are rooted in feminine traditional roles, the mode of assignation and recommendation, separate farming system and femail anlages. On that score, it is feasible for encouraging rural womens participation in political affairs to shuffle the cards of womens proportion in village committee by giving incentive, system inclination and womens organization.


This study aims to know the effectiveness of the CTL models aided by mathematical comics and Krulik and Rudnick's steps in problem solving to improve the ability of student's mathematical understanding and disposition. Population in this study were VIIIA grade students up to VIIIE of SMP Negeri 1 Pulokulon year 2015/2016 with a true experimental design types posttestonly control design and samples are chosen randomly. Data analysis that used in this study were an average of completeness test, the proportion test, the average difference test, and MannWhitney test. The results showed that (1) the ability of student's mathematical understanding of the subject that have gained CTL models aided by mathematical comics and Krulik and Rudnick's steps in problem solving have achieved the completeness in groups and classical; (2) the ability of student's mathematical understanding of students who have gained CTL models aided by mathematical comics and Krulik and Rudnick's steps in problem solving more than students with expository models aided by LKS, (3) the mathematical disposition of student's who have gained CTL models aided by mathematical comics and Krulik and Rudnick's steps in problem solving more than students with expository models aided by LKS.


Environmental events in coastal regions are expected to increase in the future, affecting millions of households that depend on environmental services for their livelihoods, one such area is the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. In 2016 the Mekong Delta was subjected to the worst drought in 90 years, affecting households directly and indirectly via destruction of land and crops, resulting in loss of livelihood for a majority of households dependent on agriculture in the region. In order to adapt to loss of income, migration can be used as an income-diversification technique, this thesis aimed to research changes in the likelihood of participating in migrating after the 2016 drought by analysing household and commune characteristics before, during and after the drought. To estimate the likelihood of migration a logistic regression model with data covering the years 2014, 2016 and 2018 was used, the data was collected from the Vietnamese Household and Living Standard Survey. In addition to the logistic regression model, income distribution of households and difference in their average income in relation to distinctive characteristics of the household heads was also analysed to indicate differences in income in the studied period. The results of the analysis indicated that there were no major changes in the likelihood of migration, however, in terms of income distribution, there is a bigger gap between the bottom 10 percent and the top 10 percent of income earners of the surveyed households after the drought. This research has contributed to the literature of migration in the Mekong Delta, in particular after an environmental event, by further strengthen the notion that more research, with detailed data, is needed to research the true impact that environmental events has on migration. Additionally this thesis contributed to an overview of the differences in income levels and income percentile groups to see the progression of average income over time and found that between 2016 and 2018 the average income increased, more for household in the higher income groups in comparison to lower income ones.


Exercise and physical activity recommendations are an integral component of the overall management of fibromyalgia. Unfortunately, despite the known health, fitness, and symptom relief benefits, underlying pain and fatigue prevent most from initiating (or maintaining) physical activity and exercise programs, thereby contributing to sedentary lifestyles that lead to low levels of aerobic and muscular fitness. Therefore, it is important to identify alternative approaches to exercise programming in the overall management of fibromyalgia. Vibration training is a relatively new approach to exercise that has been shown to elicit numerous benefits; however little is known about the effects of this training method in fibromyalgia. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of vibration training in improving musculoskeletal function, balance and postural control, and health-related quality of life in patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia.


Introduction:
 Regional disparities exist in stroke incidence and stroke related mortality in the United States. We aimed to elucidate the stroke risk factor prevalence trends based on urban versus rural location.

 Methods:
 From the National Inpatient Sample database the comorbid stroke risk factors were collected among hospitalized ischemic stroke patients during 2000-2016. Crude and age-and sex-standardized prevalence estimates were calculated for each risk factor during the time periods 2000-2008 and 2009-2016. We compared risk factor prevalence over the defined time periods using regression models, and differences in risk factor trends based on patient location categorized as urban (metropolitan with population of ≥ 1 million) and rural (neither micropolitan or metropolitan) using interaction terms in the regression models.

 Results:
 Stroke risk factor prevalence significantly increased from 2000-2008 to 2009-2016. When stratified based on patient location, most risk factors increased in both urban and rural groups. In the crude model, the urban to rural trend difference across 2000-08 and 2009-16 was significant in hypertension (p<0.0001), hyperlipidemia (p=0.0008), diabetes mellitus (p<0.0001), coronary artery disease (p<0.0001), smoking (p<0.0001) and alcohol (p=0.02). With age and sex standardization, the urban to rural trend difference was significant in hypertension (p<0.0001), hyperlipidemia (p=0.0007), coronary artery disease (p=0.01) and smoking (p<0.0001).

 Conclusion:
 The prevalence of vascular risk factors among ischemic stroke patients has increased over the last two decades. There exists an urban-rural divide, with rural patients showing larger increases in prevalence of several risk factors compared to urban patients.


The increase in the unemployment rate in Bojong Pandan Village after the Covid-19 pandemic has threatened the stability of family food security. This condition threatens to make families in Bojong Pandan Village experience difficulties in meeting their basic needs through food. Budikdamber innovation is a solution to maintain family food security stability. However, the community still needs to gain knowledge and skills regarding Budikdamber, so there is a need for synergy between the village government and universities through community service activities. This service aims to increase the participant's knowledge and skills regarding Budikdamber. Implementation methods to support the achievement of the goals of this service include surveys, preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The results obtained from this community service activity were an increase in the participants' knowledge of 47.47%, and all participants could practice the tutorial activities for making Budikdamber. Follow-up of this activity will be routine monitoring at least once a month and innovating variations on fish and plant species other than catfish and water spinach.


The border area education refers to the school education which is carried out by the government to the minorities in ethnic areas in the period of Republic of China.During the Anti-Japanese war,many university teachers and students devoted themselves to the education,research and construction in the southwest,which has advanced the educational development there.


The productivity and morale of employees who survive layoffs are likely to have a major impact on the future performance of the corporation. The most important factors that affect survivors' reactions are: the fairness of the layoff and how it was handled; and changes within the organization that often accompany layoffs, such as job insecurity, career prospects, quantity and quality of new job responsibilities, and information about the reactions of one's fellow survivors. This article offers a series of steps that managers can take before, during, and after the layoffs to maximize the productivity and morale of survivors.


Equivalent uranium and 11 minor elements in the magnetic frac tions of 347 panned concentrates from the Candle and Solomon quadrangles, Alaska, and elsewhere in the State, were determined in the first investigation by the U.S. Geological Survey of the utility of magnetic concentrates as a geochemical sample medium for sub arctic and arctic regions. The magnetic concentrates were obtained from the Survey's Alaskan placer concentrate file. Magnetic sep aration from the nonmagnetic parts of the panned concentrates was done in randomized order, as were radiometric and atomic absorp tion analyses. The elements determined by atomic absorption are silver, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, gold, indium, and thallium. Replicate analyses of standard samples were made as a check on the analytical results. Sixty-seven of the mag netic concentrates were examined by microscope and by X-ray dif fraction to determine their mineralogical composition and to deter mine what parts of the concentrates were taken into solution during analysis. Most of the magnetic concentrates contain more than 50 percent magnetite, and in 60 percent of the samples the magnetic con centrates consist of 90-99 percent magnetite. Many of the samples, especially the few that contain less than 50 percent magnetite, are diluted by ilmenite, rutile, sulfide minerals, gold, quartz, hematitic coatings, silicate minerals, metallic spherules, and tramp iron. Because of intergrowths between minerals, coatings, and the mech anical trapping of nonmagnetic grains in clusters of magnetic grains, no effective method is available for obtaining monomineralic detrital magnetite as a geochemical sample medium. Metallic spherules are present in seven samples, five of which also contain slivers of tramp iron. Both the spherules and the tramp iron adhere to grains of detrital magnetite by ferromagnetic attraction, or are cemented to the magnetite by hematite or limonite, or are present as loose intergranular particles. The tramp iron is derived from machinery used in placer mining, and the metallic spherules may originate as welding spatter or fly ash from mining activities. However, the metallic spherules may have formed in several natural ways: they may be fusion products from volcanic activity, lightning, or forest fires; or they may in part be extraterrestrial material such as meteoric dust or ablation products from iron meteorites. This last possibility adds immensely to the scientific interest generated by the metallic spherules. Chemical digestion of the magnetic concentrates in preparation for analysis by atomic absorption was not complete. Magnetite was largely but not entirely digested. Ilmenite and rutile were slightly leached on the surface. Hematitic coatings, sulfide minerals, and gold were completely dissolved. No effect was noticed on quartz and the common silicate minerals except that they attained a high gloss indicative of the removal of surface coatings. The metallic spherules and tramp iron were taken into solution. Thus, the part of the magnetic concentrate that went into solution was magnetite, hema tite and other coatings, sulfide minerals, native gold, metallic spherules, and tramp iron. The minor elements contained in the magnetic concentrates are present in substitution for major elements in magnetite, sorbed on the surface of magnetite, in trace minerals included in the magnetite, and in accessory minerals trapped among grains of magnetite. The most probable sources of anomalous amounts of minor elements in these concentrates are: (1) silver, copper, lead, zinc, cobalt, and nickel substituted for iron in the magnetite struc ture; (2) equivalent uranium, copper, lead, and zinc held in surface sorption on magnetite; (3) copper, cadmium, indium, and thallium in trace minerals; and (4) equivalent uranium, silver, bismuth, cad mium, copper, gold, indium, and thallium in accessory minerals. Vir tually all measured equivalent uranium comes from hematitic coatings that constitute an accessory mineral in the concentrates. High values for the elements that substitute for iron in the magnetite structure are increased by accessory particles of sulfide minerals, native gold, metallic spherules, and tramp iron. Native gold is the source of much of the anomalous gold and silver. The least understood aspect of minor elements in magnetite is the role of surface sorption of the elements. The enrichment of trace elements in detrital magnetite or in mag netic concentrates does not necessarily mean that the source rocks have a superior economic potential. However, anomalously high contents of minor elements are guides to areas deserving further exploration. For example, magnetites with radioactive hematitic coatings clearly identified areas of alkalic intrusive rocks containing abnormal amounts of thorium and uranium. Of 36 previously known copper deposits or occurrences, 24 yielded magnetic concentrates containing anomalous amounts of copper, and the other 12 provided magnetic concentrates with various anomalous lead, zinc, silver, cobalt, or nickel contents. Nineteen previously known lead-bearing deposits or occurrences were the sources for eight magnetic concen trates with anomalous lead content, and all 19 of these deposits were reflected by various combinations of anomalous amounts of base metals, silver, or gold. Ten of the thirteen areas previously known to have zinc mineralization were the sources of magnetic concentrates with anomalous zinc content, and the others had anomalous amounts of other metals. Magnetic concentrates from polymetallic deposits seldom failed to have anomalous traceEQUIVALENT URANIUM AND SELECTED MINOR ELEMENTS, ALASKA element contents. Therefore, magnetic concentrates may be used satisfactorily as a geochemical sample medium in subarctic and arctic environments. Anomalous amounts of copper and zinc in magnetic concentrates indicate sulfide mineralization. Where anomalous amounts of cop per and zinc are combined with anomalous amounts of silver, bismuth, and lead in magnetic concentrates, polymetallic sulfide deposits are indicated. Anomalous silver content usually indicates silver and gold deposits, mainly gold. Anomalous cobalt and nickel content indicates the presence of chromite and, locally, sulfide deposits associated with mafic and ultramafic rocks. Anomalous lead and gold content usually indicates lead sulfide deposits and gold, but not all lead and gold deposits have corresponding anomalous values for lead and gold in the magnetic concentrates. The abundances of these two elements are more affected by chance in collecting and in preparing the sample than are the previously cited elements. However, lead and gold deposits can be detected from anomalous amounts of copper, zinc, and silver in magnetic concentrates. Of interest is the number of tungsten deposits or occurrences that yield magnetic concentrates containing anomalous amounts of copper. This geochemical association is one that requires ap propriate follow-up investigations to determine if skarn-type tungsten-copper deposits or porphyry-type deposits may be related to the presence of copper in magnetic concentrates. Several prominent regional geochemical highs are indicated by the varied distribution of the anomalous amounts of elements in magnetic concentrates from Alaska. Large copper and silver anomalies are present in the Ketchikan quadrangle in southeastern Alaska. In southern Alaska, high values are found for copper, zinc, and gold in the McCarthy quadrangle. Copper and silver concentra tions are anomalous in the Valdez quadrangle, and anomalous zinc content is found in magnetic concentrates from the Anchorage, Talkeetna, and Talkeetna Mountains quadrangles. Cobalt and nickel attain high values in the Mount Hayes quadrangle. Magnetic concentrates from the Bethel and Iliamna quadrangles in southwestern Alaska contain anomalous amounts of base metals. In west-central Alaska, anomalous equivalent uranium is associated with magnetic concentrates from the Bendeleben, Candle, and Solomon quadrangles. Extremely high values for lead, cobalt, bismuth, and other metals are found in samples from the Ruby quadrangle. Multielement highs, indicating various combinations of silver, bismuth, copper, nickel, and zinc, are obtained from magnetic concentrates from the Iditarod and Teller quadrangles, and anomalous amounts of cobalt and nickel are found in the Bendeleben quadrangle. West-central Alaska appears to be a bismuth province. In east-central Alaska, high values for silver and gold are common in magnetic concentrates from the Circle, Eagle, Livengood, and Tanana quadrangles. Nickel and zinc are enriched in samples from the Livengood quadrangle, and bismuth attains a high value in one concentrate from the Circle quadrangle.


Objective:To explore the role of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)in asthma and the relative pathogenesis.Methods:RSV-IgM,IgG,and IgE were detected by ELISA in131children with asthma and30healthy children.All RSV positive patients and controls were detected for levels of serum RSV-IgE and IFN-γ.Results:Ninety-two patients(70.2%)were diagnosed RSV-IgM or RSV-IgG positive by ELISA in asthma group,and there was a significant difference compared with control group(P0.05).The levels of serum RSV-IgE in asthmatic group were higher than those in control group(P0.05),and the levels of serum IFN-γhad a adverse result(P0.05).Conclusion:The asthma in children has a close relationship with RSV infection,RSV can cause tissue destruction and reduce the levels of serum IFN-γ.Type I allergic reaction to the infection may play an important role in pathogenesis of RSV-induced exacerbations of asthma.


Abstract In this paper, the application of bicausal bond graphs for system design in electrical engineering is emphasized. In particular, it is shown how this approach is very useful for model inversion and parameter dimensioning. To illustrate these issues, a hybrid railway traction device is considered as a case study. The synthesis of a storage device (a supercapacitor) included in this system is then discussed.


In a dc microgrid, enhanced voltage regulation (VR) and load sharing (LS) are necessary for the economic and reliable operation of the system. Traditionally, droop control is used for LS in microgrids. However, because of the nature of the droop control, good VR and accurate LS cannot be achieved simultaneously. To overcome this drawback, a low-bandwidth, communication-based average VR technique along with an algorithm for equal voltage correction factor is proposed in this paper. Here, precise LS is achieved via droop control using a high value of droop gain, while good VR is obtained through low-speed control area network (CAN) communication, which provides fault tolerance and expandability feature to the system. Only the local dc bus voltage information is exchanged over CAN by the grid connected converters, which ensure low communication traffic. Thus, sufficient bandwidth is available on the CAN bus that can be used for control and monitoring purpose—a highly desirable proposition for a smart grid application. Effect of communication delays on system stability has been modeled and analyzed. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Plug-n-play and fail-safe features of the proposed technique are highlighted.


We sincerely thank Drs. Smith, Sorvillo, and Kuo for their thoughtful response to our paper entitled "Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States as determined by the Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis nucleic acid


This paper presents the Arctic and Nordic Imager as a concept investigated by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT). The concept addresses a recognized gap in the near-real-time coverage at high latitudes (above 55 degrees) from geostationary satellites, due to viewing geometry over polar areas. The paper recalls the context, summarises the requirements customized for it, describes the main trades, features and sizing parameters of the mission and sensor, and illustrates potential implementations. The requirements are similar to those of geostationary systems. They call for near-real-time multispectral optical observations in the Visible, Near Infrared, Short Wave Infrared, Water Vapour, and Thermal Infrared bands, at moderate spatial resolution. The mission profile proposed uses Highly Elliptical Orbits (HEO). The sensor concept is largely derived from GEO imagers in operation or in development, due to very similar requirements. In the current instrument concepts, the area of interest is covered using a scanning mirror in two directions. A telescope and complementing optics then redirect the optical beam to focal plane assemblies and optical detectors. The instrument also includes calibration subsystems and all necessary equipment i.e. cryocoolers for infrared detectors and electronics for data handling. The major trades are to do with meeting the very demanding optical performance, and to a lesser degree with the radiometric one. These include aperture sizing, definition of scanning law and principle, telescope concept, cryostat design, and image registration. The resulting concepts yield state-of-the-art large space optical instruments.


The purpose of this study to find how the influence of Organizational Culture and Training on Employee Performance in Class Iark Drug Prison Class IIA Musi Rawas District. From the calculation of coefficient of determination obtained the value of R is 0.701. This means a positive relationship between the Culture of Organisasi and Diklat on Employee Performance in Class Iark Drug Prison Class IIA Musi Rawas Regency is very strong, If Organizational Culture and TrainingIncreased then Performance of employees also increases. Then from the calculation of the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.491. Means that the magnitude of the influence of Culture Oraganisasi and Diklat on Employee Performance in Prison Class IIA Narcotics District Musi Rawas equal to 0.491 or 49.1%, while the remaining 50.9%. Influenced other variables that are not included in this study such as variable motivation, supervision and so on. Simultaneously organizational culture and dilat effect on performance. The results of this study may be used by subsequent researchers, as research materials in the field of science of organizational behavior or similar science.


Two stock types of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L. [Pinaceae]) were outplanted at 3 spacings: 749, 1122, and 1497 trees/ha (303, 454, and 605 trees/ac). Morphologically improved seedlings were grown at a density of 177/m2 (16/ft2) while standard seedlings were grown at a density of 277/m2 (25/ft2). Morphologically improved seedlings had an average root-collar diameter of 6.3 mm at time of outplanting and, after 3 y in the field, were taller and had more volume/ha than standard seedlings (4.5-mm root-collar at outplanting). An economic analysis was conducted based on 20-y volume estimates from a growth and yield program. If seedling cost is increased by 0.7 cent (due to growing at a low seedbed density) then outplanting cost per ha can be reduced by outplanting 750 morphologically improved seedlings instead of 1500 standard seedlings. Overall establishment costs might be reduced by US$ 108/ha ($44/ac) and the net present value of the stand might be increased by 10% or more (due to increasing the production of sawlogs). From this and other analyses, we determined that an important economic relationship exists between outplanting density and seedling quality.


The multinational enterprise (MNE) is a complex social and economic organization involving multiple countries. It has been studied from many different perspectives, with transaction cost economics ...


Abstract We report on the preparation of a series of 2,4-diamino-6-aryl-5-pyrimidinecarbonitriles, a new efficient protocol, via the condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and guanidine nitrate using a TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposite with a molar ratio of 1:1 as a heterogeneous catalyst. The use of a low-cost and reusable catalyst under mild and solvent-free conditions, and simplicity in operation with easier isolation of the products in high to excellent yields are the main advantages of this highly versatile and eco-friendly protocol.


Seventeen broad (∼50 A wide) spectral features have been excited in emission between 3000 A and 4600 A in the products of a microwave discharge through N2 deposited on a cold (4 °K) surface on which the discharge products of CO + N2 had been previously condensed. The features which lie between 3650 A and 4470 A show close agreement with those observed in absorption by Dixon during the flash photolysis of NCO and assigned to the A2Σ − X2Πi transition. It therefore seems likely that the emission features arise from NCO also as a result of the reaction N(2P) + CO(X 1Σ+) → NCOat the solid surface.


The widespread use of mobile appliances, with limitations in terms of storage, power, and connectivity capability, requires to minimize the amount of data to be loaded on user's devices, in order to quickly select only the information that is really relevant for the users in their current contexts: in such a scenario, specific methodologies and techniques focused on data reduction must be applied. We propose an extension to the data tailoring approach of Context-ADDICT, whose aim is to dynamically hook and integrate heterogeneous data to be stored on small, possibly mobile devices. The main goal of our extension is to personalize the context-dependent data obtained by means of the Context-ADDICT methodology, by allowing the user to express preferences that specify which data s/he is more interested in (and which not) in each specific context. This step allows us to impose a partial order among the data, and to load only the top (most preferred) portion of the data chunks. A running example is used to better illustrate the approach.


In the Introduction, the author give an overview of different moisture tracking models (Eulerian, Lagrangian, on-line and off-line) and the assumptions that are associated with some of the current implementations of these models. In P2L25 it is stated that "Lagrangian models include, ..." as if this is true for the entire class of Lagrangian models, whereas I think it is only true of the implementations mentioned. That is, it is perfectly possible to create an off-line Lagrangian model that does not have these drawbacks. Therefore, I would encourage the authors to rewrite this section and to state clearly whether the assumptions are a limitation of the method or of the implementation.


The main focus of this paper is upon the use of computers and other elements of Information Technology (IT) in the daily practice of social work, specifically in relation to the impact which it has upon the service user and the social workers and upon the outcome of service delivery. But it is also necessary to stray into other territories; notably management uses of computing in social work agencies, and to the more abstract area of the relationship between service‐users, social work and society.


The present invention relates to a substance selected for improving the taste masking agents comprising nucleotide and / or nucleoside liquid aqueous nutritional composition, taste, aftertaste and smell of one or more of uses: cellulose; starch; xanthan gum; gellan gum; alginates; galactomannans such as fenugreek, guar gum, tara gum, locust bean gum and cassia gum China; karaya acacia; tragacanth; carrageenans; and mixtures thereof. The present invention further relates to nucleotide and / or a nucleoside component comprising one contains an unpalatable, having improved sensory characteristics such as improved nutritional composition mouthfeel, taste, aftertaste and smell. In particular, the present invention relates to an unpalatable comprising the nucleotide and / or a nucleoside component - in particular containing one uridine-containing nucleotide and / or a nucleoside with a species unpalatable edible oil (e.g. fish oil) binding - composition.


The surrounding block of college and university is an important interface between campus and city, which does not only play an important role in industrial agglomeration, but also is closely linked to the surrounding traffic system and landscape environment. This paper analyzes Wushan Street, which is located around South China University of Technology as a case. By using the relevant theory and investigating Wushan Street, the paper analyzes and summarizes the cultural background of the region, industry function, traffic function and space function. Furthermore, the aim of this research paper is to put forward existing problems and corresponding countermeasures, strengthening the function of industrial incubation, improving traffic efficiency and making landscape environment better, in order to harmonize development between campus, university district and city.


The article reflects dispositions, factorial models of choice, life strategies in the field of political trajectories of modern Russian youth on the basis of the empirical sociological research. The author's typology of political dispositions of youth showing the importance of political aspirations in the ranks of life values, is given. The problematic issues in the implementation of the Russian youth policy regarding the support of political activity and political literacy of Russian youth, the development of their electoral interest and activity are identified. The contradiction between the relevance of the issue of supporting the political activity of Russian youth and the actual lack of effective practices for involving young people in political movements, the creation of a system of political education for young people, the formation of an adequate and active political position, and ensuring the participation of young people in the political transformations of the state was revealed.


Thermal and biodegradation properties of chitosan (CS)/corn cob (CC) biocomposite films and their irradiation-crosslinked were tested. The CS/CC biocomposite films after irradiation showed better thermal stability and lower weight loss in enzymatic and soil biodegradation in comparison with unirradiated CS/CC biocomposite films due to the formation of new bonds (radiation-induced crosslinks). The surface erosion for biodegraded biocomposite films were examined by scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, the formation of new bonds in irradiated biocomposite films were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 00:000–000, 2018. VC 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers


The results of investigations of the special features of the formation of the structure and phase composition of R6M5 steel–(WC+TiC) composite coatings in relation to the content of tungsten monocarbide in the initial charge are presented. It is shown that the amount of retained austenite in the composite coating depends on the tungsten carbide content in the total volume of the added hardening phase. The maximum amount of austenite (75%) in relation to the total volume of the matrix was observed in the coatings containing 20% of the carbide component.


The objective of this study was to analyze the perceptions of the elderly, about themotivational aspects and significance / importance of bodily practices, as well asthe work developed by multidisciplinary health team. The study is characterized asdescriptive and exploratory qualitative approach, which used the method of contentanalysis. We interviewed 14 elderly. Therapeutic measures, linked to some positiveoutcomes and health promotion in general were the main reasons listed. As noted inmaking multi-interdisciplinary approach is ineffective. Thus, a reinterpretation of thesespaces is needed.


Defined as practices with legal force, usages are the issue of a debate relating to the definition of the most relevant sources of law. This debate is particularly lively in the agro-food sector. The first part of the article examines the presence of many usages in the production, the marketing as well as the consumption of wine. In a more dynamic perspective, the second part shows a marginalization of regional usages and the vitality of the transnational usages. This situation invites to defend, in the third part, regional usages in order to promote legal diversity. This promotion highlights a new protective effect of usages concerning traditional practices restricted by certain "appellations d'origine controlee" or "protégée".


The object of this paper is twofold: 1) to introduce the disaggregated legal tax rates into a macroeconometric model containing disaggregated marginal propensities to consume; 2) to simulate variations of tax rates in order to study the relative efficiency of individual tax rates for economic stabilization and to look at the stability of the model with respect to the progressivity of these tax rates.


The operation of basin water resource governance(BWRG) system is embodied with the network characteristics.Hence for the purpose of improving the performance of BWRG,it shall be based on the identification and analysis for BWRG network.In the governance network,participants and their inter-organizational relationships are two important factors.According to the analysis for participants and their inter-organizational relationships in the governance network,the paper points out that the operation mechanism of the governance network is just based on its influence on participant behavior.The embodiment of the network governance operation mechanism is the constraint that network imposes on the participant behavior.